Soil conditioner for improving secondary salinization of facility vegetable field and preparation method and application of soil conditioner

Abstract

The invention relates to a soil conditioner for improving facility vegetable field secondary salinization and a preparation method and application thereof, and belongs to the technical field of facility agriculture soil improvement, the soil conditioner for improving facility vegetable field secondary salinization comprises mushroom dregs, cow dung, humic acid, a microbial agent and a microbial protective agent; the microbial agent is prepared from brevibacillus laterosporus, bacillus megaterium and bacillus subtilis; the microbial protective agent comprises the following components: alginate oligosaccharide, vegetable oil, ectoine and fumaric acid. The modifier provided by the invention is beneficial to improving soil organic matters, improving the utilization rate of soil nutrients, preventing soil hardening, improving the diversity of soil microorganisms and reducing the influence of a salt stress environment on vegetable growth.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The application belongs to the technical field of facility agriculture soil improvement, and particularly relates to a soil improver for improving secondary salinization of facility vegetable field, a preparation method and application thereof. BACKGROUND

[0002] Facility vegetables refer to vegetables planted in artificial facilities (such as greenhouses, sheds, etc.) through environmental regulation technology, aiming to break through seasonal and regional limitations and realize off-season, high-yield and high-quality production. The facility vegetable industry is the focus of agricultural industry development. In order to pursue benefits, farmers often cause secondary salinization in facility vegetable planting process due to long-term continuous cropping, high-frequency excessive fertilization (especially chemical fertilizers), large evaporation in a closed environment and other factors, which destroys soil aggregate structure, leads to soil compaction and poor aeration, and brings adverse effects to vegetable production.

[0003] Current methods for improving salinization of facility vegetable fields still have limitations. Single type of organic fertilizer is slow in effect and difficult to quickly reduce salt. Chemical improvers such as gypsum and potassium dihydrogen phosphate can easily lead to soil nutrient imbalance. Therefore, developing a soil improver that can simultaneously quickly reduce salt, supplement nutrients and improve soil structure and adapt to the cultivation mode of facility vegetable fields has become the key to solving this problem. In view of this, in order to realize long-term sustainable development of the facility vegetable industry, it is urgent to provide a soil improver for improving secondary salinization of facility vegetable fields. SUMMARY

[0004] In view of the deficiencies of the prior art, the application provides a soil improver for improving secondary salinization of facility vegetable fields, a preparation method and application thereof.

[0005] The technical scheme of the application is as follows: A soil improver for improving secondary salinization of facility vegetable fields comprises the following components: mushroom residue, cow dung, humic acid, microbial inoculant and microbial protective agent. The microbial inoculant comprises Brevibacillus laterosporus, Bacillus megaterium and Bacillus subtilis. The components of the microbial protective agent comprise brown algal oligosaccharide, vegetable oil, tetrahydropyrimidine and fumaric acid. The mushroom residue is 0.5-1 cm crushed edible mushroom cultivation residue. The cow dung is 0.5-1 cm crushed and decomposed cow dung. The humic acid is sodium humate.

[0006] The brown algal oligosaccharide can be prepared according to the existing method, and can be obtained by referring to patent documents CN 112342255 A or CN 112941089 A, or by purchasing a commercially available product.

[0007] According to the application, preferably, the Brevibacillus laterosporus in the microbial agent is Brevibacillus laterosporus ACCC11079 and / or Brevibacillus laterosporus CGMCC No. 17377. The Brevibacillus megaterium is Brevibacillus megaterium ACCC10010 and / or Brevibacillus megaterium ACCC10011. The Brevibacillus subtilis is Brevibacillus subtilis ACCC60364 and / or Brevibacillus subtilis ACCC19743.

[0008] According to the application, preferably, the microbial agent comprises the following components by weight: 60-80 parts of microbial residue, 50-60 parts of cow dung, and 1-2 parts of humic acid; The ratio of the viable bacterial count of Brevibacillus laterosporus, Brevibacillus megaterium, and Brevibacillus subtilis in the microbial agent is 1: (4-10): (40-60). The number of viable microorganisms in the soil conditioner is more than 200 million cfu / g. The mass ratio of the microbial protective agent to the microbial agent in the soil conditioner is ≥1. The components of the microbial protective agent include, by weight: 60-70 parts of alginate oligosaccharide, 4-7 parts of vegetable oil, 3-7 parts of tetrahydropyrimidine, and 8-10 parts of fumaric acid.

[0009] Further preferably, the ratio of the viable bacterial count of Brevibacillus laterosporus, Brevibacillus megaterium, and Brevibacillus subtilis in the microbial agent is 1:7:50.

[0010] Further preferably, the mass ratio of the microbial protective agent to the microbial agent in the soil conditioner is (1-100):1.

[0011] Further preferably, the vegetable oil includes soybean oil and / or castor oil.

[0012] Further preferably, the effective viable bacterial count of the microbial agent is more than 100 billion cfu / g.

[0013] The preparation method of the soil conditioner for improving the secondary salinization of the facility vegetable field, comprising the following steps: Mixing the microbial agent and the microbial protective agent uniformly, and then mixing with other components uniformly to prepare the soil conditioner.

[0014] Further preferably, the microbial agent and the microbial protective agent are mixed uniformly, and then mixed with other components uniformly to prepare the soil conditioner.

[0015] The application of the soil conditioner for improving secondary salinization in vegetable fields as described above in vegetable cultivation.

[0016] According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the above-mentioned soil conditioner for improving secondary salinization in greenhouse vegetable fields is applied in greenhouse vegetable cultivation.

[0017] According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, in the cultivation of greenhouse vegetables, before transplanting the vegetables, the land is prepared by making beds and holes, the soil conditioner is applied and mixed with the soil, and then the soil is covered before transplanting; or the soil conditioner is evenly spread and combined with land preparation and turning into the soil before transplanting. In field vegetable cultivation, before planting vegetables, the land is prepared by making ridges and digging ditches, and the soil is covered after the soil is evenly spread on the soil.

[0018] The beneficial effects of the present invention include at least the following: 1. The soil conditioner provided by this invention is an effective combination of organic materials and microorganisms. The prepared soil conditioner contains a high concentration of active microorganisms, which can ensure that after the organic materials are applied to the soil, the number of active microorganisms can exert their biological functions.

[0019] 2. This invention contains a bioprotective agent, which can protect microorganisms from inactivation or reduce the inactivation rate, maintain their biological function in adverse environments such as salinity, alkali, and nutrient stress, and maximize the survival time of microorganisms in the bioprotective agent.

[0020] 3. The soil conditioner provided by this invention is beneficial for increasing soil organic matter, improving soil nutrient utilization, preventing soil compaction, enhancing soil microbial diversity, and reducing the impact of salt stress on vegetable growth.

[0021] 4. The soil conditioner provided by this invention is beneficial to increasing vegetable yield, improving vegetable quality, and enhancing the taste of vegetables. Attached Figure Description

[0022] Figure 1 A photograph of the soil conditioner treatment group prepared in Example 1 of the zucchini cultivation experiment.

[0023] Figure 2 A photograph of the soil conditioner treatment group prepared in Example 2 of the zucchini cultivation experiment.

[0024] Figure 3 This is a photo of the control group in a zucchini cultivation experiment.

[0025] Figure 4 This is a photograph of the optimized fertilization treatment group in a zucchini cultivation experiment. Detailed Implementation

[0026] The present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to embodiments, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto.

[0027] The contents not described in detail in the embodiments are all according to the prior art in the field.

[0028] The mushroom residue, cow dung, alginate oligosaccharide, soybean oil, castor oil, tetrahydropyrimidine and fumaric acid are all commercially available products, and can also be prepared according to conventional methods.

[0029] The humic acid is commercially available sodium humate.

[0030] The alginate oligosaccharide described in the application can be prepared according to the existing method, and can refer to patent documents CN 112342255 A or CN 112941089 A, or can be obtained by market purchase; the alginate oligosaccharide used in the following examples is commercially available.

[0031] The mushroom residue (0.5-1cm crushed) is obtained by air-drying and crushing the mushroom bag left after the cultivation of edible mushrooms, and can be purchased from an edible mushroom breeding factory or market; the mushroom residue used in the following examples is commercially available.

[0032] The cow dung (0.5-1cm crushed) is a well-rotted cow dung, which can be purchased from a breeding waste treatment and processing factory or market.

[0033] The microbial agent involved in the examples can be purchased commercially available products.

[0034] Example 1 A soil conditioner for improving secondary salinization of facility vegetable field, comprising the following components by weight: 75 parts of mushroom residue, 60 parts of cow dung and 2 parts of sodium humate; The microbial agent comprises: Brevibacillus parvus ACCC11079, Bacillus megaterium ACCC10010 and Bacillus subtilis ACCC60364. The components in the microbial protective agent are as follows, all by weight: 65 parts of alginate oligosaccharide, 3 parts of soybean oil, 3 parts of castor oil, 7 parts of tetrahydropyrimidine and 10 parts of fumaric acid.

[0035] In the microbial agent, the ratio of viable bacterial numbers of Brevibacillus parvus, Bacillus megaterium and Bacillus subtilis is 1:7:50. The effective viable bacterial number of the microbial agent is 120 billion cfu / g.

[0036] The mass ratio of the microbial protective agent to the microbial agent in the soil conditioner is 3:1.

[0037] The microbial viable bacterial number in the soil conditioner is 250 million cfu / g.

[0038] The preparation method of the above soil conditioner comprises the following steps: The microbial inoculant is mixed with the microbial protective agent uniformly, and then mixed with other components uniformly to prepare a soil conditioner, wherein the number of viable microorganisms in the soil conditioner is 250 million cfu / g.

[0039] Example 2 A soil conditioner for improving secondary salinization of a facility vegetable field The difference from Example 1 is that the strain numbers in the microbial inoculant are different, specifically: Brevibacillus laterosporus CGMCC No. 17377, Bacillus megaterium ACCC10011, Bacillus subtilis ACCC19743, and the others are the same.

[0040] Effect Example 1 The number of viable microorganisms in the soil conditioner prepared in Examples 1-2 above for improving secondary salinization of a facility vegetable field changes after a period of time, as shown in Table 1.

[0041] Table 1: Number of viable microorganisms in soil conditioner for secondary salinization of a facility vegetable field

[0042] As can be seen from Table 1, as the shelf life time is prolonged, the number of viable microorganisms in the soil conditioner prepared in Examples 1-2 gradually decreases, but the decrease is slow, which is beneficial to the development and utilization of market products.

[0043] Effect Example 2 Application of Examples 1-2 in vegetable planting The application effect experiment is as follows: 1. Effect of soil conditioner for secondary salinization of a facility vegetable field on the growth of facility zucchini and soil improvement 1.1 Materials and methods: The test zucchini variety was Beijing Hu 168. The test was conducted in Dongke Vegetable Professional Cooperative in Linzi District, Zibo City, Shandong Province, and was transplanted on October 20, 2019, and harvested on March 24, 2020. The soil type was brown soil. The basic physicochemical properties of the soil were: pH 7.93, organic matter 28.47 g kg - 1 , electrical conductivity 473.46 μS / cm, nitrate nitrogen 80.45 mg kg - 1 , available phosphorus 264.82 mg kg - 1 . Soil conditioner, Example 1; soil conditioner, Example 2.

[0044] 1.2 Test design: The test was designed with 4 treatments, each treatment was set with 3 replicates. They were (1) no fertilizer treatment (control); (2) optimal fertilization; (3) soil conditioner treatment of Example 1 (optimal fertilization based on the application of soil conditioner); (4) soil conditioner treatment of Example 2 (optimal fertilization based on the application of soil conditioner). Except for no fertilizer treatment, all treatments were the same in fertilization method and quantity, and the optimal fertilization used water-soluble compound fertilizer, N-P2O5-K2O was 15-6-16, and the total input was 2500 kg / hm2. 2 The soil conditioner input was 2 t / hm2 according to 0.1% of the soil quality of 0-20 cm. 2 The soil conditioner was evenly applied before the vegetable transplanting in the facility greenhouse, and was turned into the soil combined with ploughing. Half of the water-soluble compound fertilizer was applied by drip irrigation after ploughing and transplanting, and the other half was applied as topdressing in 3 times.

[0045] 1.3 Sample collection and determination: Mature fruit samples were taken at the peak of zucchini fruiting, and 5 zucchini samples were taken from each plot (24 m2). 2 Fresh weight was weighed, and was killed at 105°C for 0.5 h, and was dried at 75°C to constant weight. Dry weight was recorded, and was crushed. Concentrated H2SO4-H2O2 was used for digestion, and Kjeldahl method was used for determination of total nitrogen. Vanadium molybdenum yellow colorimetric method was used for determination of total phosphorus. At the harvest stage, 0-20 cm surface soil was collected from each plot according to the five-point sampling method, and visible plant residues were removed. Part of the soil was stored at 4°C, and chloroform fumigation-K2SO4 extraction method was used to determine microbial biomass carbon (MBC) and microbial biomass nitrogen (MBN). Chloroform fumigation-NaHCO3 extraction method was used to determine microbial biomass phosphorus (MBP). p-Nitrophenol colorimetric method was used to determine alkaline phosphatase activity (PNP). Potassium permanganate titration method was used to determine catalase. The remaining soil sample was air-dried and stored. Potassium dichromate volumetric method-external heating method was used to determine total soil organic carbon (SOC). Water-soil ratio 1:5 extraction method was used to determine conductivity.

[0046] 1.4 Data statistics and analysis: SPSS16 was used for variance analysis, and Duncan's new multiple range test was used for multiple comparisons between different treatments.

[0047] 1.5 Results and analysis 1.5.1 Effect of soil conditioner on zucchini yield and nutrient uptake Table 2 shows that compared with no fertilizer, the zucchini yield, nitrogen uptake and phosphorus uptake of the soil conditioner treatment (Example 1-2) were significantly improved, and compared with optimal fertilization, the zucchini yield, nitrogen uptake and phosphorus uptake after applying the two kinds of soil conditioner were increased by an average of 4%, 6% and 4%, respectively. Figure 1 、 Figure 2 、 Figure 3 and Figure 4Part of the physical map in the process of zucchini planting cultivation; Figure 1 and Figure 2 The organic material test group in the above-mentioned soil improver treatment group.

[0048] Table 2 Influence of different improver treatments on zucchini yield and nutrient content

[0049] 1.5.2 Influence of soil improver on soil nutrient content As can be seen from Table 3, the soil pH of the treatment of applying the improver is reduced; and compared with the optimal fertilization, the soil organic matter of the treatment of example 1-2 is increased by an average of 15.96%, the conductivity is reduced by an average of 9.95%, the total nitrogen and total phosphorus are increased, but the increase is small, which shows that the improver treatment of example 1-2 can promote the increase of soil organic matter and reduce the accumulation of soil nutrients.

[0050] Table 3 Influence of different improver treatments on soil nutrient content

[0051] 1.5.3 Influence of soil improver on soil microbial carbon and nitrogen and soil enzyme activity As can be seen from Table 4, the soil microbial carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus and soil enzyme activity of the treatment of example 1-2 are significantly improved, and compared with the optimal fertilization, the microbial carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus are increased by an average of 26.6%, 19.47% and 38.1% respectively, and the activities of alkaline phosphatase and catalase of the treatment of example 1-2 are increased by an average of 3.58% and 32.67% respectively, which shows that the improver of example 1-2 can significantly improve the soil microbial activity and improve the soil microecological environment.

[0052] Table 4 Influence of different improver treatments on soil microbial carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus and soil enzyme activity

[0053] As can be seen from the above experimental results, the application of the soil improver provided by the present application can significantly reduce the salt content of the root layer soil, improve the soil microecological environment, increase the content of soil microbial carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus, and at the same time promote the absorption of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium nutrients by zucchini and increase the yield.

[0054] The soil improver provided by the present application is beneficial to improve soil organic matter, prevent soil hardening, improve soil microbial activity and reduce the influence of stress environment on the growth of vegetables, and the soil improver provided by the present application is beneficial to improve the yield of vegetables.

Claims

1. A soil conditioner for improving secondary salinization in greenhouse vegetable fields, characterized in that, It includes the following components: bacterial residue, cow manure, humic acid, microbial inoculants, and microbial protectants; The microbial inoculants include: Bacillus retroflexus, Bacillus megaterium, and Bacillus subtilis; The components of the microbial protectant include: fucoidan, vegetable oil, tetrahydropyrimidine, and fumaric acid; The mushroom residue is 0.5-1cm crushed edible mushroom cultivation residue; The cow dung is 0.5-1cm crushed and decomposed cow dung; The humic acid is sodium humate.

2. The soil conditioner as described in claim 1, characterized in that, In the microbial agent, Bacillus laterosporus is Bacillus laterosporus ACCC11079 and / or Bacillus laterosporus CGMCC No.17377; Bacillus megaterium is Bacillus megaterium ACCC10010 and / or Bacillus megaterium ACCC10011; Bacillus subtilis is Bacillus subtilis ACCC60364 and / or Bacillus subtilis ACCC19743.

3. The soil conditioner as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The mushroom residue, cow dung, and humic acid comprise the following components by weight: 60-80 parts mushroom residue, 50-60 parts cow dung, 1-2 parts humic acid; In the microbial inoculant, the ratio of viable counts of Bacillus retrosporum, Bacillus megaterium, and Bacillus subtilis is 1:(4-10):(40-60). The soil conditioner contains more than 200 million CFU / g of viable microorganisms. The mass ratio of microbial protective agent to microbial inoculant in the soil conditioner is ≥1; The components of the microbial protectant, all by weight, are: 60-70 parts of fucoidan, 4-7 parts of vegetable oil, 3-7 parts of tetrahydropyrimidine, and 8-10 parts of fumaric acid.

4. The soil conditioner as described in claim 3, characterized in that, In the microbial inoculant, the ratio of viable bacteria of Bacillus lateralis: Bacillus megaterium: Bacillus subtilis is 1:7:

50.

5. The soil conditioner as described in claim 3, characterized in that, The mass ratio of microbial protectant to microbial inoculant in the soil conditioner is (1-100):

1.

6. The soil conditioner as described in claim 3, characterized in that, The vegetable oils include: soybean oil and / or castor oil.

7. The soil conditioner as described in claim 3, characterized in that, The effective viable count of the microbial agent is above 100 billion CFU / g.

8. A method for preparing the soil conditioner for improving secondary salinization of vegetable fields according to any one of claims 1-7, comprising the following steps: The soil conditioner is prepared by mixing the microbial inoculant and the microbial protectant evenly, and then mixing them evenly with other components. Preferably, the microbial inoculant and the microbial protectant are mixed evenly, and then mixed evenly with other components before granulation to obtain the soil conditioner.

9. The application of the soil conditioner for improving secondary salinization in vegetable fields as described in any one of claims 1-7 in vegetable cultivation.

10. The application as described in claim 9, characterized in that, The application of the soil conditioner for improving secondary salinization in greenhouse vegetable fields in greenhouse vegetable cultivation; Preferred method for greenhouse vegetable cultivation: before transplanting vegetables, prepare the land, make ridges and holes, apply the soil conditioner and mix it with the soil before covering with soil and transplanting; or evenly spread the soil conditioner and combine it with land preparation and tilling into the soil before transplanting. In field vegetable cultivation, before planting vegetables, the land is prepared by making ridges and digging ditches, and the soil is covered after the soil is evenly spread on the soil.

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