Iron tower slope monitoring device and iron tower slope monitoring system

Abstract

The invention discloses an iron tower side slope monitoring device and an iron tower side slope monitoring system, and the inner cavity of a housing is divided into an upper cavity and a hemispherical lower cavity. The upper rod body is arranged in the upper cavity, and the upper end of the upper rod body is movably connected to the top of the upper cavity. The Hall sensing element is arranged in the upper cavity and connected to the lower end of the upper rod body. And the damping liquid is filled in the lower cavity. The lower rod body is arranged in the lower cavity, and the lower end of the lower rod body is movably connected to the bottom of the lower cavity. The floating body is arranged in the lower cavity and connected to the upper end of the lower rod body, and the floating body floats on the liquid level of the damping liquid. The permanent magnet is arranged in the lower cavity and connected to the upper portion of the floating body. The device provided by the invention can realize online monitoring of the slope stability of the power transmission tower foundation.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of geological disaster monitoring, and in particular to a tower slope monitoring device and a tower slope monitoring system. Background Technology

[0002] Power transmission networks are critical national infrastructure, and their safe and stable operation is of paramount importance. As the physical backbone of the power grid, transmission towers often traverse complex geological formations such as mountains, hills, and rivers. The long-term stability of their foundations and surrounding slopes directly affects the safety of the entire transmission line. Under the influence of external forces such as rainfall, earthquakes, and engineering activities, slopes are prone to geological disasters such as landslides and subsidence, leading to tower tilting or even collapse, triggering major cascading power supply accidents, and causing enormous economic losses and social impacts. Therefore, real-time and accurate safety status monitoring of transmission towers and surrounding slopes, and the implementation of early warning systems, are of utmost importance.

[0003] Currently, the main monitoring solutions in this field are as follows: manual inspection, relying on inspectors to periodically visit the site and conduct surveys using the naked eye or simple instruments. This method is inefficient, time-consuming, and costly, and is severely limited by climate and geographical conditions, unable to achieve all-weather real-time monitoring, and cannot provide any early warning for sudden disasters; measurement using traditional sensors such as MEMS, but when uneven settlement occurs in the tower foundation but the tower structure has not yet tilted significantly, these sensors are difficult to effectively detect risks, resulting in monitoring blind spots. In addition, they are susceptible to strong electromagnetic interference from power transmission lines, and their long-term stability and reliability face challenges; GPS displacement monitoring systems obtain absolute coordinates through satellite positioning. Their disadvantages include a sharp drop in accuracy or even failure in areas with severe signal obstruction such as canyons and forests; high cost; and difficulty in detecting minute, early displacement changes; automatic total stations, although extremely accurate, are extremely expensive, require line-of-sight conditions, and cannot be distributed and embedded at the base of the tower or inside the slope. In summary, existing technologies generally suffer from problems such as limited functionality, weak anti-interference capabilities, poor environmental adaptability, and high costs. Summary of the Invention

[0004] This invention provides a tower slope monitoring device and a tower slope monitoring system, which can realize online monitoring of the slope stability of power transmission tower foundations.

[0005] This invention provides a tower slope monitoring device, comprising a housing, an upper rod, a Hall effect sensor, a damping fluid, a lower rod, a float, and a permanent magnet. The housing has an inner cavity divided into an upper cavity and a hemispherical lower cavity. The upper rod is disposed within the upper cavity, with its upper end movably connected to the top of the upper cavity. The Hall effect sensor is disposed within the upper cavity and connected to the lower end of the upper rod. The damping fluid fills the lower cavity. The lower rod is disposed within the lower cavity, with its lower end movably connected to the bottom of the lower cavity. The float is disposed within the lower cavity and connected to the upper end of the lower rod, floating on the surface of the damping fluid. The permanent magnet is disposed within the lower cavity and connected to the upper part of the float.

[0006] In some embodiments, the tower slope monitoring device further includes a counterweight and a float. The counterweight is disposed in the upper cavity and connected to the lower end of the upper rod, and a Hall effect sensor is connected to the counterweight. The float is disposed in the lower cavity and fastened to the upper part of the float body, and a permanent magnet is connected to the upper part of the float.

[0007] In some embodiments, the distance between the permanent magnet and the bottom of the lower cavity is equal to the distance between the Hall sensing element and the top of the upper cavity.

[0008] This invention provides a tower slope monitoring system, comprising the tower slope monitoring device, signal conversion module, data analysis module, communication alarm module, and power supply module described in the above embodiments. The tower slope monitoring device is installed within the slope, with the upper and lower poles positioned on the same vertical line. The signal conversion module is connected to a Hall effect sensor, converting the magnetic field strength change signal from the Hall effect sensor into a digital signal. The data analysis module is connected to the signal conversion module, receiving the digital signal and calculating its value as a rotation angle θ between the upper and lower poles, determining whether an early warning is triggered based on this rotation angle. The communication alarm module is connected to the data analysis module, pushing out warning information after an early warning is triggered. The power supply module is connected to the tower slope monitoring device, signal conversion module, data analysis module, and communication alarm module, supplying power to these components.

[0009] In some embodiments, the tower slope monitoring system further includes a columnar shell. The columnar shell is vertically installed inside the slope, with its upper end positioned on the slope surface. Inside the columnar shell are a tower slope monitoring device, a signal conversion module, and a data analysis module. The upper end of the columnar shell houses a communication alarm module and a power supply module.

[0010] In some embodiments, the power supply module includes a solar cell, a supercapacitor, and a power supply control unit. The solar cell is connected to the tower slope monitoring device, signal conversion module, data analysis module, and communication alarm module. The supercapacitor is also connected to these components. The power supply control unit is connected to the solar cell and supercapacitor, and controls the power supply frequency of the solar cell and supercapacitor.

[0011] In some embodiments, the data analysis module calculates the digital signal into the rotation angle θ of the upper and lower rods according to the following formula.

[0012]

[0013] Among them, B z ρ represents the vertical magnetic field strength. μ0 is the free permeability. m z denoted as , where is the magnetic moment. D is the distance between the center of the spherical outer shell and the top of the upper cavity, or the distance between the center of the spherical outer shell and the bottom of the lower cavity. L is the distance between the Hall sensor element and the top of the upper cavity, or the distance between the permanent magnet and the bottom of the lower cavity.

[0014] In some embodiments, the data analysis module determines whether to trigger a warning based on the rotation angle θ and in the following manner:

[0015] When θ t >θ base When +Δ1 is reached, a warning at the attention level is triggered.

[0016] When θ t >θ base When +Δ2 is reached, an alarm-level warning is triggered.

[0017] When θ t >θ base When +Δ3 is reached, a critical level warning is triggered.

[0018] Where, θ t Let θ be the value of θ at time t. base To set a baseline threshold. Δ1, Δ2, and Δ3 are custom angle increments, where Δ2 > Δ1 and Δ3 > Δ2.

[0019] In some embodiments, the tower slope monitoring devices are installed at multiple nodes within a region of the slope. The data analysis module calculates the overall regional risk index R based on the rotation angle θ of each tower slope monitoring device. t According to the overall regional risk index R t Determine whether a regional emergency alert has been triggered.

[0020] In some embodiments, the data analysis module calculates the overall regional risk index R based on the rotation angle θ of each tower slope monitoring device and according to the following formula. t :

[0021]

[0022] Where M is the number of nodes in a region. When an alarm-level warning is triggered, I = 1; when no warning is triggered or an alert-level warning is triggered, I = 0. Let θ be the i-th θ value at time t.

[0023] A tower slope monitoring device according to an embodiment of the present invention includes a housing, an upper rod, a Hall effect sensor, a damping fluid, a lower rod, a float, and a permanent magnet. The housing has an inner cavity divided into an upper cavity and a hemispherical lower cavity. The upper rod is disposed within the upper cavity, with its upper end movably connected to the top of the upper cavity. The Hall effect sensor is disposed within the upper cavity and connected to the lower end of the upper rod. The damping fluid fills the lower cavity. The lower rod is disposed within the lower cavity, with its lower end movably connected to the bottom of the lower cavity. The float is disposed within the lower cavity and connected to the upper end of the lower rod, floating on the surface of the damping fluid. The permanent magnet is disposed within the lower cavity and connected to the upper part of the float. The tower slope monitoring device of the present invention can realize online monitoring of the slope stability of power transmission tower foundations. Moreover, the tower slope monitoring device of the present invention has a fully enclosed structure, with the Hall effect sensing element sealed inside the casing, isolated from the external environment, and has strong anti-interference capabilities. In addition, the tower slope monitoring device of the present invention has outstanding low power consumption and maintenance-free characteristics. There is no active mechanical action in the entire sensing process; all responses are passive, resulting in extremely low power consumption. Attached Figure Description

[0024] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0025] Figure 1 This is a longitudinal sectional view of the tower slope monitoring device in its initial state in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 2 This is a longitudinal sectional view of the tower slope monitoring device in an embodiment of the present invention when it is tilted;

[0027] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram showing the coordinates of the Hall sensing element and the permanent magnet in the initial state of the device in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram showing the coordinates of the Hall sensing element and the permanent magnet when the device is tilted in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0029] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram showing the distribution of multiple tower slope monitoring devices in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the installation of the tower slope monitoring system in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0031] Figure 7 This is a flowchart illustrating the workflow of the tower slope monitoring system in this embodiment of the invention. Detailed Implementation

[0032] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this invention clearer, the invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative and not intended to limit the invention.

[0033] See Figure 1-2 This invention provides a tower slope monitoring device 11 for online monitoring of the slope stability of power transmission tower foundations. The tower slope monitoring device 11 includes a shell 111, an upper rod 112, a counterweight 114, a Hall effect sensor 113, a partition 115, a damping fluid 116, a lower rod 117, a float 118, a float block 119, and a permanent magnet 120.

[0034] The outer shell 111 is spherical, consisting of a hemispherical upper shell and a lower shell. The upper shell has a hemispherical upper cavity, and the lower shell has a hemispherical lower cavity. The upper and lower shells are joined together to form the spherical outer shell 111, and the upper and lower cavities are joined together to form the inner cavity of the spherical outer shell 111. The spherical outer shell 111 can be made of PTFE (polytetrafluoroethylene) and is designed to have a diameter of 22 cm and a thickness of 3 cm.

[0035] An upper rod 112 is disposed within the upper cavity, and its upper end is movably connected to the top of the upper cavity. The upper end of the upper rod 112 is connected to the top of the upper cavity via an upper ball bearing 121. The upper rod 112 may be made of carbon fiber and designed to have a diameter of 3mm and a length of 16cm. The upper ball bearing 121 may be made of 304 stainless steel and designed to have a diameter of 1cm.

[0036] The counterweight 114 is located in the upper cavity and connected to the lower end of the upper rod 112. The counterweight 114 can be designed to have a diameter of 3cm and a height of 2cm.

[0037] The Hall sensor 113 is disposed in the upper cavity and connected to the counterweight 114. The Hall sensor 113 is embedded in the counterweight 114.

[0038] The aforementioned upper shell, upper rod 112, counterweight 114, and Hall sensor 113 constitute a gravity inertial navigation coupling module. When the slope slips and causes the device to tilt, the counterweight 114 keeps the upper rod 112 vertical under the action of gravity, resulting in a first relative displacement ΔS1 between the Hall sensor 113 and the center of the device.

[0039] A partition 115 is disposed within the lower housing and at the opening of the lower housing. This arrangement makes the lower cavity a closed cavity.

[0040] Damping fluid 116 is filled into the lower cavity. A lower rod 117 is disposed within the lower cavity, and the lower end of the lower rod 117 is movably connected to the bottom of the lower cavity. The damping fluid 116 can be glycerol.

[0041] The lower end of the lower rod 117 is connected to the bottom of the lower cavity via a lower ball bearing 122. The lower rod 117 may be made of carbon fiber and designed to be 3mm in diameter and 10cm in length. The lower ball bearing 122 may be made of 304 stainless steel and designed to be 1cm in diameter.

[0042] A float 118 is disposed within the lower cavity and connected to the upper end of the lower rod 117, and floats on the surface of the damping fluid 116. The lower part of the float 118 is submerged in the damping fluid 116, while the upper part floats on the surface of the damping fluid 116. The float 118 is a hollow sphere. The float 118 can be made of LDPE (low-density polyethylene) and designed to have a diameter of 5 cm and a thickness of 5 mm.

[0043] A float 119 is disposed within the lower cavity and fastened to the upper part of the float 118. The float 119 fits snugly against the upper part of the float 118. The float 119 can rotate freely relative to the float 118. The float 119 can be made of PE (polyethylene) foam and is designed with its top 3mm away from the float 118. The float 119 is cap-shaped with a maximum diameter of 12cm.

[0044] A permanent magnet 120 is disposed within the lower cavity and connected to the upper part of the float 119. The distance between the permanent magnet 120 and the bottom of the lower cavity is equal to the distance between the Hall sensor 113 and the top of the upper cavity; that is, the distance between the permanent magnet 120 and the lower ball bearing 122 is equal to the distance between the Hall sensor 113 and the upper ball bearing 121. The permanent magnet 120 can be an N35 permanent magnet 120, designed with a diameter of 2 cm and a height of 1 cm.

[0045] The aforementioned lower shell, partition 115, damping fluid 116, float 118, float block 119, and permanent magnet 120 constitute a liquid inertial navigation coupling module. When the slope slips and causes the device to tilt, the surface of the damping fluid 116 remains horizontal, pushing the float 118 and float block 119 to move, ensuring that the central axis of the permanent magnet 120 is parallel to the vertical direction, resulting in a second relative displacement ΔS2 between the permanent magnet 120 and the center of the device, where ΔS2 = ΔS1.

[0046] With the above configuration, the Hall sensor 113 is used to detect the change in magnetic field strength between itself and the permanent magnet 120 caused by the first relative displacement ΔS1 and the second relative displacement ΔS2, and outputs an electrical signal through the wire.

[0047] See Figure 3-6 This invention provides a tower slope monitoring system 1 for real-time sensing of multi-field coupled displacement and safety status of transmission line towers and their surrounding slopes. The tower slope monitoring system includes a columnar shell 16, the tower slope monitoring device 11 described in the above embodiment, a signal conversion module 12, a data analysis module 13, a communication alarm module 14, and a power supply module 15.

[0048] The columnar shell 16 is vertically installed within the slope, with its upper end resting on the slope surface. This vertical installation is achieved by drilling holes vertically into the slope, placing the columnar shell 16 within the holes, and then backfilling with concrete or soil. The columnar shell 16 can be made of 45 steel, with a diameter of 36cm and a length of 120cm.

[0049] The tower slope monitoring device 11 is installed in the middle of the columnar shell 16, with the upper rod 112 and the lower rod 117 located on the same vertical line.

[0050] The signal conversion module 12 is located in the middle of the cylindrical shell 16 and is connected to the Hall sensing element 113. The signal conversion module 12 converts the magnetic field strength change signal of the Hall sensing element 113 into a digital signal.

[0051] The data analysis module 13 is located in the middle of the cylindrical shell 16 and is connected to the signal conversion module 12. The data analysis module 13 receives digital signals and converts them into the rotation angle θ of the upper rod 112 and the lower rod 117. Based on the rotation angle θ, it determines whether to trigger an early warning. The rotation angle θ of the upper rod 112 and the lower rod 117, also known as the tilt angle θ, is a parameter characterizing the safety state of the slope.

[0052] The data analysis module 13 is equipped with a data decoupling algorithm. This algorithm receives data from the signal conversion module 12 and calculates the composite displacement into tilt amount through the displacement coupling model.

[0053] The data analysis module 13 calculates the digital signal into the rotation angle θ of the upper rod 112 and the lower rod 117 according to the following formula.

[0054]

[0055] Among them, B z ρ represents the vertical magnetic field strength. μ0 is the free permeability. m z denoted as _D_, is the distance between the center of the spherical outer shell 111 and the top of the upper cavity, or the distance between the center of the spherical outer shell 111 and the bottom of the lower cavity. _L_ is the distance between the Hall sensing element 113 and the top of the upper cavity, or the distance between the permanent magnet 120 and the bottom of the lower cavity.

[0056] It should be noted that the above principle is as follows:

[0057] like Figure 3-4 As shown, a coordinate system is established with the center of the spherical outer shell 111 as the coordinate vertex. In the initial state, the position coordinates of the upper ball bearing 121 are A... h (0,0,D), the position coordinates of Hall sensor 113 are H0(0,0,DL), and the position coordinates of lower ball bearing 122 are A. f (0, 0, -D), the position coordinates of permanent magnet 120 are M0(0, 0, -D+L). When the device tilts, the upper rod 112 and the lower rod 117 remain vertical under the action of gravity and buoyancy respectively, thus producing a tilt angle θ. Based on symmetry characteristics: When the device tilts, the unit vector along the z-axis is: Hall sensor 113 position coordinates Permanent magnet 120 position coordinates

[0058] Spatial distance:

[0059]

[0060] Magnetic field strength:

[0061]

[0062] Assume a permanent magnet with a magnetic moment of 120. The field strength along the z-axis is simplified as follows, coaxial with the sensing direction of Hall sensor 113:

[0063]

[0064] The electrical signal output by Hall sensor 113 is related to the magnetic field strength B. zProportional. After being converted into a digital signal by the signal conversion module 12, the data analysis module 13 uses the following relationship to calculate the tilt angle θ:

[0065] Establish B z The calibration curve with respect to θ (through experimental or theoretical modeling) is obtained from B using nonlinear fitting or lookup table methods. z Inverse solution θ:

[0066] θ=f(B z ).

[0067] Here, f is an inverse function, which is solved numerically.

[0068] Data analysis module 13 has an alarm determination model that determines whether an alarm is triggered based on the rotation angle θ and in the following manner:

[0069] When θ t >θ base When +Δ1 is reached, a warning level is triggered, indicating that the slope safety status has deviated abnormally.

[0070] When θ t >θ base When the value increases by Δ2, an alarm-level warning is triggered, indicating that the slope safety condition has abnormally worsened.

[0071] When θ t >θ base When the value increases by Δ3, a critical level warning is triggered, indicating that the slope safety status is facing the risk of critical failure.

[0072] Where, θ t Let θ be the value of θ at time t. base To set the baseline threshold (based on the initial calibration value or historical baseline data). Δ1, Δ2, and Δ3 are custom angle increments (their size varies depending on the geographical location and geological conditions), where Δ2 > Δ1 and Δ3 > Δ2.

[0073] When the tower slope monitoring device 11 is installed at multiple nodes within a certain area of ​​the slope, the data analysis module 13 calculates the overall risk index R of the area based on the rotation angle θ of each tower slope monitoring device 11. t According to the overall regional risk index R t Determine whether a regional emergency alert has been triggered.

[0074] Data analysis module 13 has a distributed collaborative early warning model. Based on the rotation angle θ of each tower slope monitoring device 11, it calculates the overall regional risk index R according to the following formula. t :

[0075]

[0076] Where M is the number of nodes in a region. I is a binary indicator function, and its mapping rule is: when an alarm-level warning is triggered, I = 1; when no warning is triggered or an attention-level warning is triggered, I = 0. Let θ be the i-th θ value at time t. Let θ be the i-th θ value at time t, where i = 1, 2, ..., M.

[0077] Data analysis module 13 is based on the overall regional risk index R. t And determine whether a regional emergency alert has been triggered using the following methods:

[0078] When R t Exceeding the trigger threshold R th At that time, a regional emergency warning was triggered.

[0079] The communication alarm module 14 is located at the upper end of the columnar shell 16 and is connected to the data analysis module 13. The communication alarm module 14 pushes warning information after triggering an early warning. Upon triggering a warning at the attention level, the communication alarm module 14 pushes a warning message indicating an abnormal deviation in the slope's safety status. Upon triggering an alarm-level warning, it pushes an alarm-level warning message indicating an abnormal worsening of the slope's safety status. Upon triggering a critical-level warning, it pushes a critical-level warning message indicating that the slope's safety status is facing a critical failure risk. Upon triggering a regional linkage critical warning, the communication alarm module 14 pushes a regional linkage critical warning message. The communication alarm module 14 pushes warning information to a remote master station via LoRa or NB-IoT wireless communication.

[0080] With the above setup, multiple devices can be cascaded together via the communication alarm module 14 to form a distributed collaborative monitoring system. In this system, the alarm judgment model can be expanded into a distributed collaborative early warning model. This model not only considers the safety status parameters of a single node, but also integrates the status information of multiple adjacent nodes in the space for joint decision-making. When multiple nodes in a certain area trigger alarm levels or higher warnings in close succession, the system can determine that the area is at risk of overall instability, and generate and push a higher-level regional linkage emergency alarm by one of the nodes as the master node or by the remote master station, thereby achieving an upgrade from point monitoring to area early warning.

[0081] The power supply module 15 is located at the upper end of the columnar shell 16 and is connected to the tower slope monitoring device 11, signal conversion module 12, data analysis module 13, and communication alarm module 14. The power supply module 15 supplies power to the tower slope monitoring device 11, signal conversion module 12, data analysis module 13, and communication alarm module 14. The power supply module 15 includes a solar cell, a supercapacitor, and a power supply control unit.

[0082] The solar cell is connected to the tower slope monitoring device 11, signal conversion module 12, data analysis module 13 and communication alarm module 14.

[0083] The supercapacitor is connected to the tower slope monitoring device 11, signal conversion module 12, data analysis module 13 and communication alarm module 14.

[0084] The power supply control unit is connected to the solar cells and supercapacitor, and controls the power supply frequency of the solar cells and supercapacitor. This configuration enables the device to: 1) perform periodic sampling: adjust according to meteorological and geological conditions to adapt to different monitoring environments, reduce power consumption, and monitor slope changes in real time; 2) provide dual-level protection against undervoltage and overtemperature: when the supercapacitor voltage is too low or the battery temperature is too high, the system automatically switches to low-power mode, extends the sampling interval to 24 hours, and disables GPS to reduce power consumption; 3) enable a wake-up loop: if the battery voltage rises back to normal after sunlight resumes, the power supply control unit automatically shortens the sampling interval back to the original setting.

[0085] In summary, in the system of this invention, the gravity inertial navigation coupling module forms a gravity pendulum structure through the suspended Hall sensor element 113 to sense the tilt angle and direction; the liquid inertial navigation coupling module utilizes the horizontal reference characteristics of the damping liquid 116 and synchronously couples with the float 118 and the flexible lever structure to sense the tilt amount. The two modules are positioned vertically opposite each other, and the displacement signal is converted by detecting the change in the magnetic field between the Hall sensor element 113 and the permanent magnet 120. The data analysis module 13 calculates the signal to obtain parameters such as the tilt angle. The communication alarm module 14 realizes dynamic multi-level early warning. When the parameters exceed the attention, alarm, or critical level thresholds, alarm information is sent via LoRa / NB-IoT to realize the perception of slope slippage changes. This invention supports multi-device cascading networking and can realize regional linkage alarm based on spatial correlation. It has the advantages of low power consumption, strong anti-interference ability, and flexible networking. It can be embedded in the tower foot or slope borehole deployment to realize long-term, stable, and intelligent distributed safety monitoring.

[0086] See Figure 7 The control method of the iron tower slope monitoring system of the present invention includes the following steps:

[0087] Step S1: System initialization. After the device is powered on, it completes module self-test and collects initial signals to establish the baseline values ​​of safety status parameters.

[0088] Step S2: Multi-field coupled displacement sensing, the displacement, i.e. the tilt of the shell, is sensed through the dual-unit collaborative sensing of the gravity inertial navigation coupling module and the liquid inertial navigation coupling module;

[0089] Step S3: Signal conversion. The change in magnetic field caused by displacement is detected by the Hall sensor 113, and the change is converted into a digital signal by the signal conversion module 12.

[0090] Step S4: State calculation, the data analysis module 13 receives the digital signal, processes it, and calculates it into a safe state parameter θ;

[0091] Step S5: Multi-level alarm determination. The data analysis module 13 compares the current safety status parameter θ with the threshold to determine whether to trigger attention, alarm or critical level warning. If the threshold is not exceeded, the current status is recorded and the system enters the next cycle to wait for sampling.

[0092] Step S6: Warning information transmission. When a warning is triggered, the communication alarm module 14 sends an alarm data packet containing the warning level and device information to the remote master station via the LoRa or NB-IoT wireless network.

[0093] The present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0094] 1. It has a simple mechanical structure and extremely high engineering cost-effectiveness, making it very suitable for large-scale deployment.

[0095] 2. Fully enclosed structure: The Hall sensor 113 is sealed inside the spherical shell 111, isolated from the external environment, and has strong anti-interference ability.

[0096] 3. It features low power consumption and maintenance-free operation. The entire sensing process involves no active mechanical action and is entirely a passive response, resulting in extremely low power consumption.

[0097] 4. A single device can work independently or be easily cascaded wirelessly, allowing for flexible networking and supporting intelligent regional early warning to form a distributed monitoring network covering the entire tower or slope area.

[0098] In the accompanying drawings of this embodiment, the same or similar reference numerals correspond to the same or similar components. In the description of this invention, it should be understood that if terms such as "upper," "lower," "left," and "right" indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, they are only for the convenience of describing this invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, the terms used to describe positional relationships in the drawings are only for illustrative purposes and should not be construed as limiting this invention. For those skilled in the art, the specific meaning of the above terms can be understood according to the specific circumstances.

[0099] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A tower slope monitoring device, characterized in that, include: The outer shell has an internal cavity divided into an upper cavity and a hemispherical lower cavity; An upper rod is disposed within the upper cavity, and the upper end of the upper rod is movably connected to the top of the upper cavity; A Hall effect sensor is disposed in the upper cavity and connected to the lower end of the upper rod. Damping fluid is filled into the lower cavity; A lower rod is disposed within the lower cavity, and the lower end of the lower rod is movably connected to the bottom of the lower cavity; A float is disposed in the lower cavity and connected to the upper end of the lower rod, and the float floats on the surface of the damping liquid. A permanent magnet is disposed in the lower cavity and connected to the upper part of the float.

2. The tower slope monitoring device as described in claim 1, characterized in that, Also includes: A counterweight is disposed in the upper cavity and connected to the lower end of the upper rod. The Hall sensor is connected to the counterweight. A float is disposed in the lower cavity and fastened to the upper part of the float body, and the upper part of the float is connected to the permanent magnet.

3. The tower slope monitoring device as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The distance between the permanent magnet and the bottom of the lower cavity is equal to the distance between the Hall sensor and the top of the upper cavity.

4. A tower slope monitoring system, characterized in that, include: The tower slope monitoring device according to any one of claims 1-3 is installed inside the slope, and both the upper pole and the lower pole are vertically installed; A signal conversion module, connected to the Hall sensor, converts the magnetic field strength change signal of the Hall sensor into a digital signal; A data analysis module is connected to the signal conversion module. The data analysis module receives the digital signal and calculates the digital signal into a rotation angle θ between the upper rod and the lower rod. Based on the rotation angle θ, it determines whether to trigger an early warning. A communication alarm module is connected to the data analysis module, and the communication alarm module pushes warning information after triggering a warning. The power supply module is connected to the tower slope monitoring device, the signal conversion module, the data analysis module, and the communication alarm module, and supplies power to the tower slope monitoring device, the signal conversion module, the data analysis module, and the communication alarm module.

5. The tower slope monitoring system as described in claim 4, characterized in that, Also includes: A columnar shell is vertically installed inside the slope, with its upper end positioned on the slope surface. Inside the columnar shell are the tower slope monitoring device, the signal conversion module, and the data analysis module. The upper end of the columnar shell is equipped with the communication alarm module and the power supply module.

6. The tower slope monitoring system as described in claim 5, characterized in that, The power supply module includes: The solar cell is connected to the tower slope monitoring device, the signal conversion module, the data analysis module, and the communication alarm module. A supercapacitor is connected to the tower slope monitoring device, the signal conversion module, the data analysis module, and the communication alarm module. A power supply control unit is connected to the solar cell and the supercapacitor, and the power supply control unit controls the power supply frequency of the solar cell and the supercapacitor.

7. The tower slope monitoring system as described in claim 4, characterized in that, The data analysis module calculates the digital signal into the rotation angle θ of the upper rod and the lower rod according to the following formula; Among them, B z denoted as ρ, where μ is the vertical magnetic field strength; μ0 is the vacuum permeability; z is the magnetic moment; D is the distance between the center of the spherical shell and the top of the upper cavity, or the distance between the center of the spherical shell and the bottom of the lower cavity; L is the distance between the Hall sensing element and the top of the upper cavity, or the distance between the permanent magnet and the bottom of the lower cavity.

8. The tower slope monitoring system as described in claim 4, characterized in that, The data analysis module determines whether to trigger an early warning based on the rotation angle θ in the following manner: When θ t >θ base When +Δ1 is reached, a warning at the attention level is triggered; When θ t >θ base When +Δ2 is reached, an alarm-level warning is triggered; When θ t >θ base When +Δ3 is reached, a critical level warning is triggered; Where, θ t Let θ be the value of θ at time t; base To set a baseline threshold; Δ1, Δ2, and Δ3 are custom angle increments, where Δ2 > Δ1 and Δ3 > Δ2.

9. The method for monitoring the slope of a steel tower as described in claim 8, characterized in that, The tower slope monitoring device is installed at multiple nodes within a certain area of ​​the slope; The data analysis module calculates the overall regional risk index R based on the rotation angle θ of each of the tower slope monitoring devices. t According to the overall regional risk index R t Determine whether a regional emergency alert has been triggered.

10. The method for monitoring the slope of a steel tower as described in claim 9, characterized in that, The data analysis module calculates the overall regional risk index R based on the rotation angle θ of each of the tower slope monitoring devices and according to the following formula. t : Where M is the number of nodes in the region; when an alarm-level warning is triggered, I = 1; when no warning is triggered or an attention-level warning is triggered, I = 0. Let θ be the i-th θ value at time t.

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