Water and soil conservation multi-stage sand blocking device

Abstract

The invention discloses a multi-stage sand blocking device for water and soil conservation, and relates to the technical field of water and soil conservation and ecological environment engineering, the multi-stage sand blocking device comprises at least two sand blocking units which are sequentially arranged along the water flow direction of a channel, each sand blocking unit comprises a foundation framework, a plurality of sand blocking plates and a plurality of sand blocking plates, the shape of the foundation framework is matched with that of the cross section of the channel, and the foundation framework is used for being fixed in a channel bed; the basic frame is composed of an installation plate and a containing frame body fixed to the installation plate. The sand blocking piece is detachably connected to the foundation frame and used for blocking water flow and silt; the extension adjusting assemblies are movably and symmetrically arranged on the two sides of the sand blocking unit and used for adjusting the extension length of the sand blocking unit in the channel; the angle adjusting assembly is installed in the channel, located behind the sand blocking unit and used for adjusting the inclination angle of the sand blocking unit, through the modular and adjustable design, the device can flexibly adapt to changes of complex channel terrains and water and sand conditions, and unification of efficient sand blocking and convenient maintenance is achieved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of soil and water conservation and ecological environment engineering technology, specifically to a multi-stage sand-trapping device for soil and water conservation. Background Technology

[0002] Currently, common sediment-trapping measures in gully soil and water conservation include the construction of concrete sediment-trapping dams, dry-laid or mortar-grouted stone gabions, gabion dams, and permeable ecological sediment-trapping dams. These devices mainly consist of rigid or semi-rigid dam structures spanning the gully, using their height and volume to create a barrier, reducing the kinetic energy of the water flow, thereby causing the sediment carried by the water to settle and accumulate in front of the dam, achieving the purpose of soil stabilization and sediment retention. In existing technologies, to improve the overall sediment retention efficiency of a single gully, multiple independent sediment-trapping dams are usually constructed continuously along the gully direction, forming a tiered sediment retention system.

[0003] However, in the actual installation and deployment of existing multi-stage sediment-trapping devices, because each stage of the sediment-trapping dam is usually a fixed structure designed and constructed independently, its dam height, volume, and interception capacity cannot be flexibly adjusted according to changes in the actual topography and hydrological conditions of the gully, as well as fluctuations in the amount of sediment from upstream, after construction. Especially in areas with complex terrain, steep longitudinal slopes, and large variations in gully width, prefabricated or on-site constructed fixed sediment-trapping dams cannot completely conform to irregular gully beds, easily forming weak points on both sides or at the bottom of the dam body where water flow erosion or concentrated downcutting occurs, reducing the stability and adaptability of the overall sediment-trapping system. When a stage of sediment-trapping dam fails due to siltation, or when the interception capacity of a stage needs to be changed according to new soil and water conservation requirements, large-scale demolition and reconstruction or reinforcement and renovation are often required, which is complex, time-consuming, and costly. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to provide a multi-stage sediment-trapping device for soil and water conservation, so as to solve the problem that the existing fixed multi-stage sediment-trapping devices are difficult to flexibly adjust and adapt to complex terrain and changes in water and sediment conditions.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a multi-stage sediment-trapping device for soil and water conservation, comprising at least two sediment-trapping units arranged sequentially along the direction of water flow in a ditch, each sediment-trapping unit comprising:

[0006] A basic frame, the shape of which is adapted to the cross-sectional shape of the trench, is used to fix it in the trench bed. The basic frame consists of a mounting plate and a receiving frame fixed thereon.

[0007] The sand-blocking component is detachably connected to the base frame and is used to intercept water flow and silt.

[0008] An extension adjustment component is symmetrically and movable on both sides of the sand-blocking unit to adjust the extension length of the sand-blocking unit in the ditch.

[0009] An angle adjustment component is installed inside the channel and located behind the sand-blocking unit, and is used to adjust the tilt angle of the sand-blocking unit.

[0010] Furthermore, the bottom surface of the mounting plate is adapted to the cross-section of the trench, and fixed plates are fixedly arranged at intervals on its back side. Each fixed plate is provided with an anchor, which is used to insert and anchor into the trench bed.

[0011] Furthermore, the vertical cross-section of the receiving frame is U-shaped, and the inner sidewall of the U-shape is symmetrically provided with mating grooves. The left and right sides of the sand-blocking component are provided with inserts, which are slidably engaged with the mating grooves. The top of the receiving frame is provided with a detachable cover plate, which is used to close the opening of the receiving frame. Its bottom surface is in contact with the top surface of the sand-blocking component and is connected to the receiving frame through a first locking member.

[0012] Furthermore, the sand-blocking component is a rigid porous plate or a flexible filter screen. Along the water flow direction, the permeability of the sand-blocking component in the upstream sand-blocking unit is greater than that in the downstream sand-blocking unit. A flexible filter bag is provided on the water-facing side of the sand-blocking component, and the flexible filter bag is filled with at least one of gravel, plant fiber bundles, or recycled rubber particles.

[0013] Furthermore, the extension adjustment assembly includes a water-blocking plate, a positioning plate, a first positioning hole, a second positioning hole, a pin, and a return spring. The positioning plate has two parts, upper and lower, which are respectively fixed to the upper and lower parts of the front end face of the receiving frame. The opposite surfaces of the two positioning plates are provided with slots. The top and bottom of the water-blocking plate are respectively engaged in the corresponding slots. The first positioning holes are opened laterally at intervals on the water-blocking plate.

[0014] Furthermore, the second positioning hole is opened on the receiving frame, the pin is movably inserted in the positioning plate, the return spring is sleeved on the pin, and its two ends abut against the inner wall of the positioning plate respectively. The return spring drives the pin to pass through the first positioning hole and the second positioning hole at the same time, thereby locking the water-blocking plate on the base frame. The water-facing surface of the water-blocking plate is a slope, which gradually slopes from its outer edge towards the sand-blocking component.

[0015] Furthermore, the top surface of the mounting plate is provided with an arc-shaped receiving groove, and the bottom surface of the receiving frame is an arc surface that movably fits the arc-shaped receiving groove. The angle adjustment component includes a welding plate, a support plate, a rotating shaft, a threaded rod, a hook, and a hook ring. The two welding plates are symmetrically fixed on the left and right sides of the back of the receiving frame. The support plate is located behind the receiving frame, and its side is L-shaped. The horizontal section of the support plate is fixed in the groove by a second locking member. The rotating shaft movably passes through the vertical section of the support plate, and its two ends are respectively fixed in the two welding plates.

[0016] Furthermore, the threaded rod consists of two rod sections connected by threads, with a threaded ring at the threaded connection. The overall length of the threaded rod can be adjusted by rotating the threaded ring. The bottom end of the threaded rod is rotatably connected to the top of the horizontal section of the support plate. The hook is fixed to the top of the threaded rod, and multiple hooks are fixed vertically at intervals to the back of the receiving frame. When it is necessary to adjust the inclination angle of the sand-blocking component, the base frame can rotate around the rotation axis, and the bottom surface of the receiving frame slides along the arc-shaped receiving groove. After adjustment, the hook is hooked into the corresponding hook.

[0017] Furthermore, a water level sensor or a siltation sensor is installed on the basic frame.

[0018] Furthermore, it also includes a buffer energy dissipation component, which is disposed on the upstream side of the upstream sand-blocking unit. The buffer energy dissipation component includes piles fixed to the ditch bed and a flexible energy dissipation net connected between the piles.

[0019] Compared with existing technologies, the multi-stage sediment-trapping device for soil and water conservation provided by this invention effectively overcomes the shortcomings of traditional fixed sediment-trapping structures, such as poor adaptability and difficulty in adjustment, through a modular and adjustable sediment-trapping unit design. Each sediment-trapping unit can not only be installed and fixed independently, but also integrates extension adjustment components and angle adjustment components, allowing the overall width and tilt angle of the device to be precisely matched and flexibly adjusted according to the specific gully width and longitudinal slope, improving the device's fit with complex terrain and overall stability. Simultaneously, the sediment-trapping components are detachable, facilitating rapid replacement, cleaning, or upgrading based on upstream sediment inflow or siltation levels, achieving dynamic adjustment of sediment-trapping capacity. The multi-stage units are arranged in series along the water flow direction and can form a tiered filtration system by setting different permeability rates, synergistically enhancing the sediment interception efficiency and system adaptability of the entire gully, while also being easy to maintain and reducing long-term operation and maintenance costs. Attached Figure Description

[0020] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application or the prior art, the drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments recorded in this invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings.

[0021] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the overall structure of the multi-stage sand-trapping device for soil and water conservation provided in this embodiment of the invention. Figure 1 ;

[0022] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the overall structure of the multi-stage sand-trapping device for soil and water conservation provided in this embodiment of the invention. Figure 2 ;

[0023] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram showing the disassembled structure of components such as the accommodating frame and sand-trapping parts provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0024] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of components such as the mounting plate and anchors provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of components such as the water-blocking plate and the positioning plate provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the inclined state structure of the water-blocking plate provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the pile and flexible energy dissipation net components provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0028] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures:

[0029] 1. Basic frame; 101. Mounting plate; 102. Receiving frame; 2. Sand-blocking component; 3. Fixing plate; 4. Anchor; 5. Mating groove; 6. Insert strip; 7. Cover plate; 8. Water-blocking plate; 9. Positioning plate; 10. First positioning hole; 11. Second positioning hole; 12. Pin; 13. Return spring; 14. Arc-shaped receiving groove; 15. Welding plate; 16. Support plate; 17. Rotating shaft; 18. Threaded rod; 19. Hook; 20. Hook ring; 21. Threaded ring; 22. Pile column; 23. Flexible energy dissipation net. Detailed Implementation

[0030] To enable those skilled in the art to better understand the technical solution of the present invention, the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0031] As attached Figure 1 To be continued Figure 6 As shown:

[0032] Example 1:

[0033] This invention provides a multi-stage sediment trapping device for soil and water conservation, comprising at least two sediment trapping units arranged sequentially along the direction of water flow in a ditch, each sediment trapping unit comprising:

[0034] A basic frame 1, the shape of which is adapted to the cross-sectional shape of the trench, is used to be fixed in the trench bed. The basic frame 1 consists of a mounting plate 101 and a receiving frame 102 fixed thereon.

[0035] The sand-blocking component 2 is detachably connected to the base frame 1 and is used to intercept water flow and silt.

[0036] An extension adjustment component is symmetrically and movable on both sides of the sand-blocking unit to adjust the extension length of the sand-blocking unit in the ditch.

[0037] An angle adjustment component is installed inside the channel and located behind the sand-blocking unit, and is used to adjust the tilt angle of the sand-blocking unit.

[0038] It should be noted that by setting up at least two independently installable and configurable sediment-trapping units, and integrating a basic frame 1, replaceable sediment-trapping components 2, and extension and angle adjustment components in each unit, the traditional fixed sediment-trapping dam model has been changed. This design allows construction personnel to flexibly combine and adjust the various levels of devices like assembling building blocks, based on the specific width, longitudinal slope, geological conditions, and expected sediment-trapping level of the actual channel. The extension and adjustment components ensure that the interception width of a single-stage device closely matches the actual width of the channel, preventing water flow from eroding around the sides; the angle adjustment components allow the inclination angle of the device's water-facing surface to be adjusted, optimizing the guidance and deceleration effect of the water flow, adapting to changes in the channel bed slope, ensuring close contact between the bottom of the device and the channel bed, and preventing bottom erosion. The multi-stage series deployment further realizes the tiered and layered interception of sediment, improving the sediment-trapping efficiency, terrain adaptability, and long-term operational stability of the entire channel system, while reducing the difficulty and cost of later modification and maintenance.

[0039] In this embodiment: the bottom shape of the mounting plate 101 is adapted to the cross-section of the trench, and the back of the mounting plate 101 is fixedly provided with spaced fixing plates 3. Each fixing plate 3 is provided with an anchor 4, which is used to insert and anchor in the trench bed.

[0040] It should be noted that the mounting plate 101, as the foundation component that directly contacts the ditch bed and transmits loads to the entire sand-trapping unit, has a bottom shape that matches the cross-section of the ditch, ensuring a good fit during initial installation and providing a stable support surface for the superstructure. The spaced fixing plates 3 on the back serve a dual function as reinforcing ribs and anchor supports, enhancing the overall rigidity and bending resistance of the mounting plate 101, enabling it to resist deformation caused by water flow impact and sediment pressure. Anchors 4 (such as long nails and ground anchor bolts) penetrate the fixing plates 3 and are driven deep into the ditch bed, providing strong pull-out and anti-slip capabilities, which are crucial for ensuring the entire device remains fixed in position and does not overturn or shift under complex hydraulic conditions. This combination of "surface fit + point anchoring" not only ensures the stability of the foundation but is also faster and more environmentally friendly than pouring concrete foundations, with minimal damage to the original terrain.

[0041] In this embodiment: the vertical cross-section of the receiving frame 102 is U-shaped, and the inner sidewall of the U-shape is symmetrically provided with mating grooves 5. The left and right sides of the sand-blocking component 2 are provided with inserts 6, and the inserts 6 are slidably engaged with the mating grooves 5. The top of the receiving frame 102 is provided with a detachable cover plate 7, which is used to close the opening of the receiving frame 102. Its bottom surface is in contact with the top surface of the sand-blocking component 2 and is connected to the receiving frame 102 through a first locking member.

[0042] It should be noted that the U-shaped structure of the housing frame 102 forms a three-sided enclosed, top-opening housing space, providing a stable installation compartment for the sand-trapping component 2. The symmetrically arranged mating grooves 5 and the inserts 6 on both sides of the sand-trapping component 2 form a sliding pair, allowing the sand-trapping component 2 to be vertically inserted or removed from the top opening like a "drawer," enabling quick installation and disassembly. This design facilitates daily maintenance. When the sand-trapping component 2 needs cleaning due to siltation or blockage, or when different permeability specifications of the sand-trapping component 2 need to be replaced due to changes in water and sand conditions, only the cover plate 7 needs to be opened for operation, without disassembling the entire base frame 1. The cover plate 7 is fixed by a first locking element (such as bolts or clips), ensuring that the sand-trapping component 2 will not jump upwards when impacted by water flow. The contact between its bottom surface and the top surface of the sand-trapping component 2 also assists in pressing and sealing the edges, preventing water from short-circuiting through gaps and ensuring the interception effect.

[0043] In this embodiment: the sand-blocking component 2 is a rigid porous plate or a flexible filter screen. Along the water flow direction, the permeability of the sand-blocking component 2 in the upstream sand-blocking unit is greater than that in the downstream sand-blocking unit. A flexible filter packing bag is provided on the water-facing side of the sand-blocking component 2. The flexible filter packing bag is filled with at least one of gravel, plant fiber bundles or recycled rubber particles.

[0044] It should be noted that the choice of material and permeability is crucial for the sand-trapping component 2, which serves as the direct interception medium. Rigid porous plates (such as porous concrete slabs or perforated steel plates) offer high strength and durability, while flexible filter nets (such as high-strength geonets) are more flexible and can adapt to certain deformations. Adopting a gradient arrangement of permeability (coarse at the top, fine at the bottom) is an effective strategy for simulating the deposition process of natural silt-dams. The upstream sand-trapping component 2 has a higher permeability, initially intercepting coarse particles of silt while allowing some fine particles to infiltrate quickly, preventing rapid siltation. The downstream sand-trapping component 2 has a lower permeability, responsible for intercepting finer particles that have leaked from the upstream. This tiered filtration significantly improves the overall sand-trapping capacity and the stability of the silt deposit. The flexible filter bags placed on the water-facing side constitute the first flexible buffer filtration layer. The bag fillers, such as gravel, can cut water clumps and dissipate energy; plant fiber bundles have good adsorption and filtration capabilities for fine particles and are environmentally friendly and biodegradable; recycled rubber granules are elastic and resistant to erosion. These packing bags can not only pre-filter some of the silt and reduce the direct impact and clogging pressure on the main sand-blocking component 2, but their flexible nature can also better adapt to the water flow pattern, and they are easy to replace after wear.

[0045] Specifically: The flexible filter bag is provided with a strap or hanging ring on the back, and is tied or hung on the frame structure on the front side of the sand-blocking component 2 or the receiving frame 102 by the strap or hanging ring.

[0046] In this embodiment: the extension adjustment assembly includes a water-blocking plate 8, a positioning plate 9, a first positioning hole 10, a second positioning hole 11, a pin 12, and a return spring 13. The positioning plate 9 has two parts, upper and lower, which are respectively fixed to the upper and lower parts of the front end face of the receiving frame 102. The opposite surfaces of the two positioning plates 9 are provided with slots. The top and bottom of the water-blocking plate 8 are respectively engaged in the corresponding slots. The first positioning holes 10 are opened laterally at intervals on the water-blocking plate 8.

[0047] It should be noted that the extension adjustment component is the core mechanism for adjusting the width of the device. Its basic principle is to extend the width of the base frame 1 by using a horizontally pull-out water-blocking plate 8. The upper and lower positioning plates 9 and their slots provide precise horizontal sliding guides for the water-blocking plate 8, ensuring its stability and preventing tilting during the pulling process. Multiple horizontally spaced first positioning holes 10 provide multiple ranges for the extension length of the water-blocking plate 8. When the water-blocking plate 8 slides to the desired position, aligning a first positioning hole 10 with a second positioning hole 11 on the receiving frame 102, it can be locked using the pin 12. This design allows construction personnel to pull the water-blocking plate 8 to a suitable length according to the actual width of the ditch, thus perfectly matching the overall width of this sand-blocking unit to the ditch, eliminating gaps between the device and the ditch wall, effectively preventing lateral flow erosion, and ensuring the integrity of the interception range.

[0048] In this embodiment: the second positioning hole 11 is opened on the receiving frame 102, the pin 12 is movably inserted in the positioning plate 9, the return spring 13 is sleeved on the pin 12, and its two ends abut against the inner wall of the positioning plate 9 respectively. The return spring 13 drives the pin 12 to pass through the first positioning hole 10 and the second positioning hole 11 at the same time, thereby locking the water barrier 8 on the base frame 1. The water-facing surface of the water barrier 8 is a slope, which gradually slopes from its outer edge toward the sand-blocking component 2.

[0049] It should be noted that, under the preload of the return spring 13, the pin 12 always tends to pop outward and insert into the hole, forming a simple semi-automatic locking mechanism. When the first positioning hole 10 and the second positioning hole 11 are aligned, the pin 12 automatically springs in under the spring force, achieving rapid locking, which is simple and reliable to operate. When adjustment is needed, simply pull out the pin 12 to release the lock. The inclined design of the water-facing surface of the water-blocking plate 8 has important hydraulic significance. This inclined surface can smoothly guide the impacting water flow to the sand-blocking component 2 behind it, playing a good guiding and initial energy dissipation role, reducing the direct impact pressure of the water flow on the sand-blocking component 2. At the same time, the inclined structure also helps to guide floating objects to the middle, avoiding accumulation at the corners. This design enhances the device's ability to cope with concentrated water flow or flood impact, improving overall durability and sand-blocking efficiency.

[0050] In this embodiment: the top surface of the mounting plate 101 is provided with an arc-shaped receiving groove 14, and the bottom surface of the receiving frame 102 is an arc surface that movably fits the arc-shaped receiving groove 14. The angle adjustment assembly includes a welding plate 15, a support plate 16, a rotating shaft 17, a threaded rod 18, a hook 19, and a hook ring 20. The two welding plates 15 are symmetrically fixed on the left and right sides of the back of the receiving frame 102. The support plate 16 is located behind the receiving frame 102, and its side is L-shaped. The horizontal section of the support plate 16 is fixed in the groove by a second locking member. The rotating shaft 17 is movably inserted through the vertical section of the support plate 16, and its two ends are respectively fixed in the two welding plates 15.

[0051] It should be noted that the angle adjustment component enables flexible adjustment of the water-facing angle of the sand-trapping unit. Its core rotating structure consists of a sliding pair formed by the arc-shaped receiving groove 14 and the arc surface, and a rotating pair formed by the rotating shaft 17. The arc surface at the bottom of the receiving frame 102 can slide within the arc-shaped receiving groove 14 of the mounting plate 101, while the entire frame rotates around the rotating shaft 17 via the welded plate 15. The L-shaped support plate 16 is fixed to the trench bed, serving as a stable rear support for the entire adjustment mechanism. The rotating shaft 17 connects the movable sand-trapping unit to the fixed support plate 16, acting as the pivot for angle changes. This combined sliding and rotating motion ensures that the bottom of the receiving frame 102 (along with the sand-trapping component 2 on it) remains in surface contact with the mounting plate 101 when the angle changes, guaranteeing uniform force distribution and structural stability, and preventing stress concentration.

[0052] In this embodiment: the threaded rod 18 consists of two rod sections connected by threads, and a threaded ring 21 is provided at the threaded connection. The overall length of the threaded rod 18 can be adjusted by rotating the threaded ring 21. The bottom end of the threaded rod 18 is rotatably connected to the top of the horizontal section of the support plate 16. The hook 19 is fixed to the top end of the threaded rod 18. Multiple hook rings 20 are fixed vertically at intervals on the back of the receiving frame 102. When it is necessary to adjust the inclination angle of the sand-blocking component 2, the base frame 1 can rotate around the rotation axis 17, and the bottom surface of the receiving frame 102 slides along the arc-shaped receiving groove 14. After adjustment, the hook 19 is hooked into the corresponding hook ring 20.

[0053] It should be noted that the threaded rod 18, hook 19, and ring 20 constitute the driving and locking mechanism for angle adjustment. The length of the threaded rod 18 is finely adjusted by rotating the threaded ring 21, which is equivalent to changing the distance between the support point (rotation connection point) and the point of action (ring 20). When adjusting the angle, first loosen the hook 19, then manually push the sand-blocking unit around the rotating shaft 17 to the desired angle. At this time, the positions of the rings 20 at different heights on the back of the housing 102 change accordingly. After adjusting the angle, hook the hook 19 at the top of the threaded rod 18 onto the ring 20 corresponding to this angle. At this point, the threaded rod 18 becomes a fixed-length diagonal brace, forming a stable triangular support structure together with the support plate 16 and the rotating shaft 17, thus firmly locking the sand-blocking unit at the tilt angle. The vertically spaced multiple rings 20 provide multiple predetermined angle positions, making angle adjustment both flexible and allowing for quick positioning and reliable locking. This design enables the device to actively adapt to the longitudinal slope of the ditch, optimizing the interception effect.

[0054] In this embodiment, a water level sensor or a siltation sensor is installed on the basic frame 1.

[0055] It should be noted that the integration of water level and sedimentation sensors embodies the intelligent and refined operation and maintenance of this invention. The water level sensor can monitor water level changes in front of the device in real time, providing data support for judging the degree of sedimentation and warning of overflow risks. Sedimentation sensors (such as pressure-type and ultrasonic-type sensors) can directly or indirectly measure the thickness of sediment accumulation in front of the device. This sensor data can be transmitted to the monitoring center via wired or wireless means. When the system detects that sedimentation in front of a certain sediment-trapping unit is approaching its design capacity or that the water level is abnormally high, it can issue an early warning, reminding management personnel to promptly carry out cleaning and maintenance or adjust the operating strategies of downstream units. This transforms passive maintenance into proactive predictive maintenance, improving management efficiency and ensuring the safe and effective operation of the sediment-trapping system during critical periods such as the flood season.

[0056] As attached Figure 1 , 2 As shown in Figure 7:

[0057] Example 2:

[0058] In this embodiment, a buffer energy dissipation component is also included. The buffer energy dissipation component is located on the upstream side of the upstream sand-blocking unit. The buffer energy dissipation component includes piles 22 fixed to the ditch bed and flexible energy dissipation nets 23 connected between the piles 22.

[0059] It should be noted that the buffer energy dissipation component is the "pioneer" protective structure at the very front of the entire multi-stage sediment interception system. Its piles 22 are firmly driven into the ditch bed, forming a stable support frame. The flexible energy dissipation net 23 (such as high-strength nylon netting or wire rope netting) suspended between the piles 22 can initially intercept, collide with, and dissipate energy from the high-speed water flow, large-diameter stones, or tree debris from upstream. The flexible structure has good impact resistance and deformation capacity, effectively absorbing and dissipating the kinetic energy of the water flow, transforming "hard impact" into "soft collision." After being treated by the buffer energy dissipation component, the water flow velocity and peak flow rate are reduced, and large-sized debris is filtered out, allowing it to enter the first-stage sediment interception unit in a smoother state. This significantly reduces the instantaneous impact load on the first-stage sediment interception unit, protects the main sediment interception structure, and extends its service life, making it particularly suitable for ditches with steep slopes, rapid water flow, and abundant solid debris in the upstream catchment area.

[0060] The foregoing has only described certain exemplary embodiments of the present invention by way of illustration. Undoubtedly, those skilled in the art can modify the described embodiments in various ways without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Therefore, the foregoing drawings and descriptions are illustrative in nature and should not be construed as limiting the scope of protection of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A multi-stage sand-trapping device for soil and water conservation, characterized in that, include: At least two sediment-trapping units are arranged sequentially along the direction of water flow in the channel, each sediment-trapping unit comprising: A basic frame (1) whose shape is adapted to the cross-sectional shape of the trench is used to fix it in the trench bed. The basic frame (1) consists of a mounting plate (101) and a receiving frame (102) fixed thereon. The sand-blocking component (2) is detachably connected to the base frame (1) and is used to intercept water flow and silt; An extension adjustment component is symmetrically and movable on both sides of the sand-blocking unit to adjust the extension length of the sand-blocking unit in the ditch. An angle adjustment component is installed inside the channel and located behind the sand-blocking unit, and is used to adjust the tilt angle of the sand-blocking unit.

2. The multi-stage sand-trapping device for soil and water conservation according to claim 1, characterized in that, The bottom shape of the mounting plate (101) is adapted to the cross-section of the trench, and fixed plates (3) are fixedly arranged at intervals on its back. Each fixed plate (3) is provided with an anchor (4), which is used to insert and anchor in the trench bed.

3. The multi-stage sand-trapping device for soil and water conservation according to claim 2, characterized in that, The vertical cross section of the receiving frame (102) is U-shaped, and the inner sidewall of the U-shape is symmetrically provided with mating grooves (5). The sand-blocking component (2) is provided with inserts (6) on the left and right sides. The inserts (6) are slidably engaged with the mating grooves (5). The top of the receiving frame (102) is provided with a detachable cover plate (7). The cover plate (7) is used to close the opening of the receiving frame (102). Its bottom surface is in contact with the top surface of the sand-blocking component (2) and is connected to the receiving frame (102) through the first locking component.

4. The multi-stage sand-trapping device for soil and water conservation according to claim 1, characterized in that, The sand-blocking component (2) is a rigid porous plate or a flexible filter screen. Along the water flow direction, the sand-blocking component (2) of the upstream sand-blocking unit has a higher permeability than the sand-blocking component (2) of the downstream sand-blocking unit. A flexible filter packing bag is provided on the water-facing side of the sand-blocking component (2). The flexible filter packing bag is filled with at least one of gravel, plant fiber bundles or recycled rubber particles.

5. A multi-stage sand-trapping device for soil and water conservation according to claim 1, characterized in that, The extension adjustment assembly includes a water-blocking plate (8), a positioning plate (9), a first positioning hole (10), a second positioning hole (11), a pin (12), and a reset spring (13). The positioning plate (9) has two parts, upper and lower, which are respectively fixed to the upper and lower parts of the front end face of the receiving frame (102). The opposite surfaces of the two positioning plates (9) are provided with slots. The top and bottom of the water-blocking plate (8) are respectively locked in the corresponding slots. The first positioning hole (10) is opened laterally on the water-blocking plate (8).

6. A multi-stage sand-trapping device for soil and water conservation according to claim 5, characterized in that, The second positioning hole (11) is opened on the receiving frame (102), the pin (12) is movably inserted in the positioning plate (9), the return spring (13) is sleeved on the pin (12), and its two ends abut against the inner wall of the positioning plate (9) respectively. The return spring (13) drives the pin (12) to pass through the first positioning hole (10) and the second positioning hole (11) at the same time, thereby locking the water barrier (8) on the base frame (1). The water-facing surface of the water barrier (8) is an inclined surface, which gradually slopes from its outer edge toward the sand-blocking component (2).

7. A multi-stage sand-trapping device for soil and water conservation according to claim 1, characterized in that, The top surface of the mounting plate (101) is provided with an arc-shaped receiving groove (14), and the bottom surface of the receiving frame (102) is an arc surface that movably fits the arc-shaped receiving groove (14). The angle adjustment component includes a welding plate (15), a support plate (16), a rotating shaft (17), a threaded rod (18), a hook (19), and a hook ring (20). The two welding plates (15) are symmetrically fixed on the left and right sides of the back of the receiving frame (102). The support plate (16) is located behind the receiving frame (102), and its side is L-shaped. The horizontal section of the support plate (16) is fixed in the groove by a second locking member. The rotating shaft (17) is movably inserted through the vertical section of the support plate (16), and its two ends are respectively fixed in the two welding plates (15).

8. A multi-stage sand-trapping device for soil and water conservation according to claim 7, characterized in that, The threaded rod (18) consists of two rods connected by threads. A threaded ring (21) is provided at the threaded connection. The overall length of the threaded rod (18) can be adjusted by rotating the threaded ring (21). The bottom end of the threaded rod (18) is rotatably connected to the top of the horizontal section of the support plate (16). The hook (19) is fixed to the top of the threaded rod (18). Multiple hook rings (20) are fixed vertically at intervals on the back of the receiving frame (102). When it is necessary to adjust the inclination angle of the sand-blocking component (2), the base frame (1) can rotate around the rotation axis (17). The bottom surface of the receiving frame (102) slides along the arc-shaped receiving groove (14). After adjustment, the hook (19) is hooked into the corresponding hook ring (20).

9. A multi-stage sand-trapping device for soil and water conservation according to claim 1, characterized in that, A water level sensor or a siltation sensor is installed on the basic frame (1).

10. A multi-stage sand-trapping device for soil and water conservation according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes a buffer energy dissipation component, which is located on the upstream side of the upstream sand-blocking unit. The buffer energy dissipation component includes a pile (22) fixed to the ditch bed and a flexible energy dissipation net (23) connected between the piles (22).

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