Rydberg atomic broadband radio signal receiving method and device
By employing Rydberg atoms as the sensing medium and superheterodyne technology, the problems of small bandwidth and low sensitivity of traditional radio signal receivers have been solved, achieving wideband, high-sensitivity radio signal reception and improving anti-interference capabilities.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202511717072.2
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2025-11-21
- Publication Date
- 2026-03-03
AI Technical Summary
Traditional radio signal receivers are limited by the bandwidth of metal antennas and internal electronic components, making it difficult to receive wideband radio signals. They also have low sensitivity and are easily affected by interference.
Using Rydberg atoms as the sensing medium, and employing a laser generation and control module, a Rydberg atom sensing module, and a signal acquisition and processing module, high-sensitivity broadband radio signal reception is achieved through mixing technology, and frequency adjustment is performed using superheterodyne technology and a broadband local oscillator.
It achieves a wider measurement range and higher measurement sensitivity, breaking through the Chu limit, enabling radio signal reception in the DC to THz range, and improving anti-interference capabilities.
Smart Images
Figure CN121603040A_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This invention belongs to the field of radio signal receiving technology, and particularly relates to a Rydberg atomic broadband radio signal receiving system and method. Background Technology
[0002] Traditional electronic radio receivers utilize the property of electromagnetic waves to alter the motion state of free electrons in metals, acquiring electromagnetic field information by monitoring current. With technological advancements, the shortcomings of these traditional electronic radio receivers have become increasingly apparent: 1) Due to the influence of thermal noise, there is an electronic bottleneck in receiving sensitivity at room temperature; the limit sensitivity of traditional antennas is -174 dBm / Hz, while the Rydberg atomic antenna can reach -189 dBm / Hz; 2) In complex environments, they are easily affected by interference, leading to performance degradation; 3) Limited by the bandwidth of metal antennas and internal electronic components, it is difficult to achieve broadband radio signal reception.
[0003] Rydberg atom radio signal receiving technology achieves precise sensing of electromagnetic fields by detecting the state of atoms in the space electromagnetic field, featuring high sensitivity, wide bandwidth, and strong anti-interference capabilities. In 2018, Rydberg Technologies proposed an AM / FM receiver based on Rydberg atoms, achieving a baseband bandwidth of at least 100kHz and a fast switching frequency from the C-band to the Q-band. In 2019, the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) conducted its first communication experiment using a measurement receiver based on an atom mixer, achieving demodulation and reception of five modulation signals (BPSK, QPSK, 16QAM, 32QAM, and 64QAM). In 2021, the U.S. Army Research Laboratory coupled thermal Rydberg atoms as sensors to a planar waveguide, achieving continuous operation within a carrier frequency range of DC to 20GHz. However, limited by the operating frequency of the local oscillator microwave source, the highest reported operating frequency for atom receivers is currently 40GHz. To address this problem, this invention proposes a Rydberg atomic broadband radio signal receiving method and apparatus, which extends the operating frequency of the atomic receiver to 100 GHz. Summary of the Invention
[0004] This invention provides a Rydberg Atom broadband radio signal receiving system and method to solve the problems of small receiving bandwidth and low sensitivity of existing radio signal receivers.
[0005] In a first aspect, a Rydberg Atom broadband radio signal receiving system is provided, the system comprising: The system includes a laser generation and control module, a local oscillator generation module, a Rydberg atom sensing module, and a signal acquisition and processing module; among which... The laser generation and control module is used to generate probe light and coupling light, and to stabilize the frequency and power of the probe light and coupling light, and simultaneously transmit them in reverse to the Rydberg atom sensing module. The local oscillator source generation module is used to output a local oscillator microwave signal of any frequency within a preset broadband range; The Rydberg atom sensing module is used to receive the probe light and coupling light, local oscillator microwave signal and the microwave signal under test after frequency stabilization and power stabilization, so that the local oscillator microwave signal and the microwave signal under test are mixed to affect the probe light, and the affected probe light is transmitted to the signal acquisition and processing module. The signal acquisition and processing module is used to detect the affected probe light and process it to obtain an intermediate frequency signal or a beat frequency signal, thereby obtaining the amplitude and phase information of the microwave signal under test.
[0006] Secondly, a method for receiving Rydberg atomic broadband radio signals is provided, the method comprising: The laser generation and control module generates probe light and coupling light, and performs frequency stabilization and power stabilization on the probe light and coupling light, and simultaneously transmits them in reverse to the Rydberg atom sensing module. The local oscillator generation module outputs a local oscillator microwave signal of any frequency within a preset bandwidth range; The Rydberg atom sensing module receives the frequency-stabilized and power-stabilized probe light and coupling light, local oscillator microwave signal and the microwave signal under test, so as to mix the local oscillator microwave signal and the microwave signal under test to affect the probe light, and then transmit the affected probe light to the signal acquisition and processing module. The signal acquisition and processing module detects the affected probe light and processes it to obtain an intermediate frequency signal or a beat frequency signal, thereby obtaining the amplitude and phase information of the microwave signal under test.
[0007] The present invention provides a Rydberg atom broadband radio signal receiving system and method, which uses Rydberg atoms instead of traditional antennas as sensing media and performs the function of a mixer. With the assistance of a local oscillator microwave field, the quantum effect of Rydberg atoms is converted into an intensity modulation signal of probe light, thereby realizing high-sensitivity broadband radio signal reception and measurement. It is not limited by the Chu limit and has a wider measurement range and higher measurement sensitivity.
[0008] Other features and advantages of the invention will be set forth in the description which follows, and will be apparent in part from the description, or may be learned by practicing the invention. The objects and other advantages of the invention may be realized and obtained by means of the structures particularly pointed out in the written description, claims, and drawings. Attached Figure Description
[0009] The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the invention and form part of this invention, illustrate exemplary embodiments of the invention and are used to explain the invention, but do not constitute an undue limitation of the invention. In the drawings: Figure 1 A schematic diagram of a Rydberg atomic broadband radio signal receiving system according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the test results of a broadband local oscillator source provided according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the implementation process of a Rydberg atomic broadband radio signal receiving method according to an embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation
[0010] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this specification clearer, the technical solutions of this specification will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with specific embodiments and corresponding drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of this specification, and not all of them. Based on the embodiments in this specification, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the protection scope of this specification.
[0011] It should be noted that the terms "first," "second," etc., in the specification, claims, and accompanying drawings of this invention are used to distinguish similar objects and are not necessarily used to describe a specific order or sequence. It should be understood that such data can be interchanged where appropriate so that the embodiments of the invention described herein can be implemented in orders other than those illustrated or described herein. Furthermore, the terms "comprising" and "having," and any variations thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion; for example, a process, method, apparatus, product, or device that comprises a series of steps or units is not necessarily limited to those steps or units explicitly listed, but may include other steps or units not explicitly listed or inherent to such processes, methods, products, or devices.
[0012] The technical solutions provided in the various embodiments of this specification are described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
[0013] To detect a wide range of microwave radio signals, embodiments of the present invention provide a Rydberg Atom broadband radio signal receiving system and method.
[0014] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of a Rydberg atomic broadband radio signal receiving system according to an embodiment of the present invention is provided, see below. Figure 1 The system includes: The system includes a laser generation and control module, a local oscillator generation module, a Rydberg atom sensing module, and a signal acquisition and processing module; among which... The laser generation and control module is used to generate probe light and coupling light, and to stabilize the frequency and power of the probe light and coupling light, and simultaneously transmit them in reverse to the Rydberg atom sensing module. The local oscillator source generation module is used to output a local oscillator microwave signal of any frequency within a preset broadband range; The Rydberg atom sensing module is used to receive the probe light and coupling light, local oscillator microwave signal and the microwave signal under test after frequency stabilization and power stabilization, so that the local oscillator microwave signal and the microwave signal under test are mixed to affect the probe light, and the affected probe light is transmitted to the signal acquisition and processing module. The signal acquisition and processing module is used to detect the affected probe light and process it to obtain an intermediate frequency signal or a beat frequency signal, thereby obtaining the amplitude and phase information of the microwave signal under test.
[0015] In one specific embodiment, the probe light generated by the probe laser 1 is reflected by the short-pass dichroic mirror 13 (probe light reflects / coupled light transmits) and then passes through the Rydberg atomic gas cell 9, before being transmitted through the long-pass dichroic mirror 14 (probe light transmits / coupled light reflects). The coupled light generated by the coupled laser 4 is reflected by the long-pass dichroic mirror 14 (probe light transmits / coupled light reflects) and then passes through the Rydberg atomic gas cell 9, with its transmission direction opposite to that of the probe light and its transmission path coaxial with that of the probe light. The local oscillator signal generated by the local oscillator source 7 is transmitted to the Rydberg atomic gas cell 9 through the antenna 8, where it is mixed with the radio signal 15 to be measured. The effect of this mixing is monitored by the probe light. The photodetector 10 performs photoelectric conversion on the transmitted probe light, and the acquisition card 11 acquires the electrical signal data and transmits it to the host computer 12 for data processing, thus realizing the reception and detection of the radio signal.
[0016] In one specific embodiment, the laser generation and control module includes: 1. Probe laser; 2. Probe frequency stabilization module; 3. Probe power stabilization module; 4. Coupled laser; 5. Coupled frequency stabilization module; and 6. Coupled power stabilization module. The probe laser 1 generates probe light with a center frequency of 852nm, an output power of 0.3mW, and an output spot size of 1.36mm. The light is transmitted in free space and then transmitted to the Rydberg atomic gas cell 9 after being reflected by the short-pass dichroic mirror 13. The probe light frequency stabilization module 2 is used to stabilize the probe light frequency. It employs saturated absorption spectrum frequency stabilization technology to lock the probe light to the cesium atom transition energy level. and Cross lines After locking, the center frequency is locked to the cesium atom transition energy level using an acousto-optic frequency shifter. ; The optical power stabilization module 3 is used to detect optical power stabilization. It is implemented using acousto-optic modulator technology and achieves power stabilization by controlling the diffraction efficiency of the acousto-optic modulator. The coupled laser 4 generates coupled light with a center frequency of 509nm, an output power of 120mW, and an output spot size of 1.62mm. It is transmitted in free space and then transmitted to the Rydberg atomic gas cell 9 after being reflected by the long-pass dichroic mirror 14. The coupling light frequency stabilization module 5 is used to stabilize the coupling light frequency. It adopts ultra-stable cavity technology to lock the coupling light to the resonant frequency of the ultra-stable cavity. The cavity precision is 200,000, and the coupling light width after locking is better than 10Hz. The coupled optical power stabilization module 6 is used for coupled optical power stabilization and is implemented using acousto-optic modulator technology. Power stabilization is achieved by controlling the diffraction efficiency of the acousto-optic modulator.
[0017] In one specific embodiment, the local oscillator generation module includes: a microwave source 7 and an antenna 8; wherein, The microwave source 7 outputs a local oscillator microwave field. ,in The amplitude of the local oscillator microwave field, For the local oscillator microwave field frequency, To determine the phase of the local oscillator microwave field, a frequency multiplier and combiner are designed to achieve continuous output of microwave sources at different frequencies within the DC to 100 GHz frequency band; see [link to relevant documentation]. Figure 2 ; The antenna 8 is used to transmit the local oscillator microwave field to the Reedburg atomic gas cell 9.
[0018] In one specific embodiment, the Rydberg atom sensing module includes: a Rydberg atom gas chamber 9; The Rydberg atomic gas chamber 9 is cylindrical in shape, made of aluminosilicate glass, and filled with an appropriate amount of cesium atoms. A microwave signal to be tested, 15, is represented as ,in For signal microwave field amplitude, For signal microwave field frequency, The phase of the signal microwave field; satisfies: ; If the local oscillator microwave signal and the microwave signal to be measured simultaneously resonate with the transition energy level of the Rydberg atom; The total electric field experienced by the atoms inside the Rydberg atomic gas chamber 9 is: ; In the formula, , , ; ; The total electric field experienced by the atoms inside the Rydberg atomic gas chamber 9 is approximately: ; If the local oscillator microwave signal and the microwave signal under test resonate far with the transition energy level of the Rydberg atom; The total electric field experienced by the atoms inside the Rydberg atomic gas chamber 9 is: ; In the formula, ; The total electric field experienced by the atoms inside the Rydberg atomic gas chamber 9 is: ; The total electric field is the total signal field including the local oscillator signal and the signal to be measured. Under the influence of the total electric field, the spectral information of the probe light includes the information of the total electric field. By processing the spectrum of the probe light, the information of the signal field to be measured can be obtained. The subsequent processing differs slightly for far resonance and near resonance, but both involve demodulating the intermediate frequency signal.
[0019] It should be noted that far resonance and near resonance are specialized terms in the field of atomic receivers, referring to the frequency shift between the measured microwave frequency and the atomic resonance transition frequency. When using this system, the approximate frequency of the signal to be measured is known. Based on this, the method for calculating the total electric field is determined. This calculation method is an internal technical principle used to support the subsequent processing of the probe light. Because the probe light is affected by the total electric field, its spectrum will change. Through processing, an intermediate frequency signal or beat frequency signal is obtained, leading to more refined parameter information such as frequency, phase, and amplitude of the signal to be measured.
[0020] In one specific embodiment, the signal acquisition and processing module includes: Photodetector 10, data acquisition card 11, and host computer 12; among which, The photodetector 10 detects the transmitted detection light signal and converts it into a voltage signal; The acquisition card 11 acquires the voltage signal and transmits it to the host computer 12 for data processing; The host computer 12 processes the acquired voltage signal to obtain an intermediate frequency signal or a beat frequency signal, thereby obtaining the amplitude and phase information of the microwave signal under test. If the local oscillator microwave signal and the microwave signal under test simultaneously resonate nearly with the transition energy level of the Rydberg atom, the processed signal is an intermediate frequency signal. By using atomic mixing, the GHz-level microwave signal is converted into a kHz-level intermediate frequency signal, thereby realizing the reception of broadband radio signals and improving detection sensitivity. The intermediate frequency signal includes the amplitude, frequency, and phase information of the microwave field under test; If the local oscillator microwave signal and the microwave signal under test simultaneously resonate with the transition energy level of the Rydberg atom, the processed signal is a beat frequency signal. The beat frequency signal includes the frequency and phase of the time-dependent oscillation. By demodulating the time-dependent signal, all information of the microwave field under test can be obtained. The beat frequency signal includes the local oscillator microwave field. The local oscillator microwave field is used to amplify the signal under test, thereby realizing the reception of broadband radio signals and improving the detection sensitivity.
[0021] This invention provides a Rydberg atom broadband radio signal receiving system. Compared with traditional receivers, it uses Rydberg atoms as the sensing medium, is not limited by the Chu limit, and can measure over a range of DC to THz. It employs superheterodyne technology to introduce a specific local oscillator field and modulates the energy levels of microwave-adorned Rydberg dark states, achieving high-sensitivity microwave radio signal reception. By designing frequency multipliers and combiners, a broadband local oscillator source is constructed, enabling continuous adjustment of the microwave source frequency within the range of DC to 100 GHz, thus ensuring that the superheterodyne technology operates over a wide frequency range.
[0022] Based on the same inventive concept, this invention also provides a method for receiving Rydberg atomic broadband radio signals, see [link to relevant documentation]. Figure 3 The method includes: S300: The laser generation and control module generates probe light and coupling light, and performs frequency stabilization and power stabilization on the probe light and coupling light, and simultaneously transmits them in reverse to the Rydberg atom sensing module. S302: The local oscillator source generation module outputs a local oscillator microwave signal of any frequency within a preset bandwidth range; S304: The Rydberg atom sensing module receives the frequency-stabilized and power-stabilized probe light and coupling light, local oscillator microwave signal and the microwave signal under test, so as to mix the local oscillator microwave signal and the microwave signal under test to affect the probe light, and transmit the affected probe light to the signal acquisition and processing module. S306: The signal acquisition and processing module detects the affected probe light and processes it to obtain an intermediate frequency signal or a beat frequency signal, thereby obtaining the amplitude and phase information of the microwave signal under test.
[0023] In one specific embodiment, the laser generation and control module includes: 1. Probe laser; 2. Probe frequency stabilization module; 3. Probe power stabilization module; 4. Coupled laser; 5. Coupled frequency stabilization module; and 6. Coupled power stabilization module. The probe laser 1 generates probe light with a center frequency of 852nm, an output power of 0.3mW, and an output spot size of 1.36mm. The light is transmitted in free space and then transmitted to the Rydberg atomic gas cell 9 after being reflected by the short-pass dichroic mirror 13. The probe light frequency stabilization module 2 is used to stabilize the probe light frequency. It employs saturated absorption spectrum frequency stabilization technology to lock the probe light to the cesium atom transition energy level. and Cross lines After locking, the center frequency is locked to the cesium atom transition energy level using an acousto-optic frequency shifter. ; The optical power stabilization module 3 is used to detect optical power stabilization. It is implemented using acousto-optic modulator technology and achieves power stabilization by controlling the diffraction efficiency of the acousto-optic modulator. The coupled laser 4 generates coupled light with a center frequency of 509nm, an output power of 120mW, and an output spot size of 1.62mm. It is transmitted in free space and then transmitted to the Rydberg atomic gas cell 9 after being reflected by the long-pass dichroic mirror 14. The coupling light frequency stabilization module 5 is used to stabilize the coupling light frequency. It adopts ultra-stable cavity technology to lock the coupling light to the resonant frequency of the ultra-stable cavity. The cavity precision is 200,000, and the coupling light width after locking is better than 10Hz. The coupled optical power stabilization module 6 is used for coupled optical power stabilization and is implemented using acousto-optic modulator technology. Power stabilization is achieved by controlling the diffraction efficiency of the acousto-optic modulator.
[0024] In one specific embodiment, the local oscillator generation module includes: a microwave source 7 and an antenna 8; wherein, The microwave source 7 outputs a local oscillator microwave field. ,in The amplitude of the local oscillator microwave field, For the local oscillator microwave field frequency, To achieve continuous output of microwave sources of different frequencies within the DC to 100 GHz frequency band, a frequency multiplier and a combiner are designed to provide the phase of the local oscillator microwave field. The antenna 8 is used to transmit the local oscillator microwave field to the Reedburg atomic gas cell 9.
[0025] In one specific embodiment, the Rydberg atom sensing module includes: a Rydberg atom gas chamber 9; The Rydberg atomic gas chamber 9 is cylindrical in shape, made of aluminosilicate glass, and filled with an appropriate amount of cesium atoms. A microwave signal to be tested, 15, is represented as ,in For signal microwave field amplitude, For signal microwave field frequency, The phase of the signal microwave field; satisfies: ; If the local oscillator microwave signal and the microwave signal to be measured simultaneously resonate with the transition energy level of the Rydberg atom; The total electric field experienced by the atoms inside the Rydberg atomic gas chamber 9 is: ; In the formula, , , ; ; The total electric field experienced by the atoms inside the Rydberg atomic gas chamber 9 is approximately: ; If the local oscillator microwave signal and the microwave signal under test resonate far with the transition energy level of the Rydberg atom; The total electric field experienced by the atoms inside the Rydberg atomic gas chamber 9 is: ; In the formula, ; The total electric field experienced by the atoms inside the Rydberg atomic gas chamber 9 is: ; The total electric field is the total signal field that includes the local oscillator signal and the signal to be measured. Under the influence of the total electric field, the spectral information of the probe light will include the information of the total electric field. By processing the spectrum of the probe light, the information of the signal field to be measured can be obtained.
[0026] In one specific embodiment, the signal acquisition and processing module includes: Photodetector 10, data acquisition card 11, and host computer 12; among which, The photodetector 10 detects the transmitted detection light signal and converts it into a voltage signal; The acquisition card 11 acquires the voltage signal and transmits it to the host computer 12 for data processing; The host computer 12 processes the acquired voltage signal to obtain an intermediate frequency signal or a beat frequency signal, thereby obtaining the amplitude and phase information of the microwave signal under test. If the local oscillator microwave signal and the microwave signal under test simultaneously resonate nearly with the transition energy level of the Rydberg atom, the processed signal is an intermediate frequency signal. By using atomic mixing, the GHz-level microwave signal is converted into a kHz-level intermediate frequency signal, thereby realizing the reception of broadband radio signals and improving detection sensitivity. The intermediate frequency signal includes the amplitude, frequency, and phase information of the microwave field under test; If the local oscillator microwave signal and the microwave signal under test simultaneously resonate with the transition energy level of the Rydberg atom, the processed signal is a beat frequency signal. The beat frequency signal includes the frequency and phase of the time-dependent oscillation. By demodulating the time-dependent signal, all information of the microwave field under test can be obtained. The beat frequency signal includes the local oscillator microwave field. The local oscillator microwave field is used to amplify the signal under test, thereby realizing the reception of broadband radio signals and improving the detection sensitivity.
[0027] This invention provides a Rydberg atom broadband radio signal receiving method, based on superheterodyne technology, using a broadband local oscillator source, and utilizing Rydberg atoms to mix the local oscillator microwave signal and the microwave radio signal under test, thereby achieving coherent conversion between the microwave radio signal and the light wave. The radio signal is converted into an intensity modulation signal of the probe light through the quantum effect of the Rydberg atom, and the radio signal is then demodulated to complete the reception and measurement of the radio signal.
[0028] Although preferred embodiments of the invention have been described, those skilled in the art, upon learning the basic inventive concept, can make other changes and modifications to these embodiments. Therefore, the appended claims are intended to be interpreted as including the preferred embodiments as well as all changes and modifications falling within the scope of the invention.
[0029] Obviously, those skilled in the art can make various modifications and variations to this invention without departing from its spirit and scope. Therefore, if these modifications and variations fall within the scope of the claims of this invention and their equivalents, this invention also intends to include these modifications and variations.
Claims
1. A Rydberg Atom broadband radio signal receiving system, characterized in that, The system includes: The system includes a laser generation and control module, a local oscillator generation module, a Rydberg atom sensing module, and a signal acquisition and processing module; among which... The laser generation and control module is used to generate probe light and coupling light, and to stabilize the frequency and power of the probe light and coupling light, and simultaneously transmit them in reverse to the Rydberg atom sensing module. The local oscillator source generation module is used to output a local oscillator microwave signal of any frequency within a preset broadband range; The Rydberg atom sensing module is used to receive the probe light and coupling light, local oscillator microwave signal and the microwave signal under test after frequency stabilization and power stabilization, so that the local oscillator microwave signal and the microwave signal under test are mixed to affect the probe light, and the affected probe light is transmitted to the signal acquisition and processing module. The signal acquisition and processing module is used to detect the affected probe light and process it to obtain an intermediate frequency signal or a beat frequency signal, thereby obtaining the amplitude and phase information of the microwave signal under test.
2. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The laser generation and control module includes: The detector laser 1, the detector frequency stabilization module 2, the detector power stabilization module 3, the coupling laser 4, the coupling frequency stabilization module 5, and the coupling power stabilization module 6; The probe laser 1 generates probe light with a center frequency of 852nm, an output power of 0.3mW, and an output spot size of 1.36mm. The light is transmitted in free space and then transmitted to the Rydberg atomic gas cell 9 after being reflected by the short-pass dichroic mirror 13. The probe light frequency stabilization module 2 is used to stabilize the probe light frequency. It employs saturated absorption spectrum frequency stabilization technology to lock the probe light to the cesium atom transition energy level. and Cross lines After locking, the center frequency is locked to the cesium atom transition energy level using an acousto-optic frequency shifter. ; The optical power stabilization module 3 is used to detect optical power stabilization. It is implemented using acousto-optic modulator technology and achieves power stabilization by controlling the diffraction efficiency of the acousto-optic modulator. The coupled laser 4 generates coupled light with a center frequency of 509nm, an output power of 120mW, and an output spot size of 1.62mm. It is transmitted in free space and then transmitted to the Rydberg atomic gas cell 9 after being reflected by the long-pass dichroic mirror 14. The coupling light frequency stabilization module 5 is used to stabilize the coupling light frequency. It adopts ultra-stable cavity technology to lock the coupling light to the resonant frequency of the ultra-stable cavity. The cavity precision is 200,000, and the coupling light width after locking is better than 10Hz. The coupled optical power stabilization module 6 is used for coupled optical power stabilization and is implemented using acousto-optic modulator technology. Power stabilization is achieved by controlling the diffraction efficiency of the acousto-optic modulator.
3. The system according to claim 2, characterized in that, The local oscillator generation module includes: a microwave source 7 and an antenna 8; wherein... The microwave source 7 outputs a local oscillator microwave field. ,in The amplitude of the local oscillator microwave field, For the local oscillator microwave field frequency, To achieve continuous output of microwave sources of different frequencies within the DC to 100 GHz frequency band, a frequency multiplier and a combiner are designed to provide the phase of the local oscillator microwave field. The antenna 8 is used to transmit the local oscillator microwave field to the Reedburg atomic gas cell 9.
4. The system according to claim 3, characterized in that, The Rydberg atomic sensing module includes: a Rydberg atomic gas chamber 9; The Rydberg atomic gas chamber 9 is cylindrical in shape, made of aluminosilicate glass, and filled with an appropriate amount of cesium atoms. A microwave signal to be tested, 15, is represented as ,in For signal microwave field amplitude, For the frequency of the signal microwave field, The phase of the signal microwave field; satisfying: ; If the local oscillator microwave signal and the microwave signal to be measured simultaneously resonate with the transition energy level of the Rydberg atom; The total electric field experienced by the atoms inside the Rydberg atomic gas chamber 9 is: ; In the formula, , , ; ; The total electric field experienced by the atoms inside the Rydberg atomic gas chamber 9 is approximately: ; If the local oscillator microwave signal and the microwave signal under test resonate far with the transition energy levels of the Rydberg atom; The total electric field experienced by the atoms inside the Rydberg atomic gas chamber 9 is: ; In the formula, ; The total electric field experienced by the atoms inside the Rydberg atomic gas chamber 9 is: ; The total electric field is the total signal field that includes the local oscillator signal and the signal to be measured. Under the influence of the total electric field, the spectral information of the probe light will include the information of the total electric field. By processing the spectrum of the probe light, the information of the signal field to be measured can be obtained.
5. The system according to claim 4, characterized in that, The signal acquisition and processing module includes: Photodetector 10, data acquisition card 11, and host computer 12; among which, The photodetector 10 detects the transmitted detection light signal and converts it into a voltage signal; The acquisition card 11 acquires the voltage signal and transmits it to the host computer 12 for data processing; The host computer 12 processes the acquired voltage signal to obtain an intermediate frequency signal or a beat frequency signal, thereby obtaining the amplitude and phase information of the microwave signal under test. If the local oscillator microwave signal and the microwave signal under test simultaneously resonate nearly with the transition energy level of the Rydberg atom, the processed signal is an intermediate frequency signal. By using atomic mixing, the GHz-level microwave signal is converted into a kHz-level intermediate frequency signal, thereby realizing the reception of broadband radio signals and improving detection sensitivity. The intermediate frequency signal includes the amplitude, frequency, and phase information of the microwave field under test; If the local oscillator microwave signal and the microwave signal under test simultaneously resonate with the transition energy level of the Rydberg atom, the processed signal is a beat frequency signal. The beat frequency signal includes the frequency and phase of the time-dependent oscillation. By demodulating the time-dependent signal, all information of the microwave field under test can be obtained. The beat frequency signal includes the local oscillator microwave field. The local oscillator microwave field is used to amplify the signal under test, thereby realizing the reception of broadband radio signals and improving the detection sensitivity.
6. A method for receiving broadband radio signals from a Rydberg atom, characterized in that, The method, applied to the Rydberg Atom broadband radio signal receiving system according to any one of claims 1 to 5, comprises: The laser generation and control module generates probe light and coupling light, and performs frequency stabilization and power stabilization on the probe light and coupling light, and simultaneously transmits them in reverse to the Rydberg atom sensing module. The local oscillator generation module outputs a local oscillator microwave signal of any frequency within a preset bandwidth range; The Rydberg atom sensing module receives the frequency-stabilized and power-stabilized probe light and coupling light, local oscillator microwave signal and the microwave signal under test, so as to mix the local oscillator microwave signal and the microwave signal under test to affect the probe light, and then transmit the affected probe light to the signal acquisition and processing module. The signal acquisition and processing module detects the affected probe light and processes it to obtain an intermediate frequency signal or a beat frequency signal, thereby obtaining the amplitude and phase information of the microwave signal under test.
7. The method according to claim 6, characterized in that, The laser generation and control module includes: The detector laser 1, the detector frequency stabilization module 2, the detector power stabilization module 3, the coupling laser 4, the coupling frequency stabilization module 5, and the coupling power stabilization module 6; The probe laser 1 generates probe light with a center frequency of 852nm, an output power of 0.3mW, and an output spot size of 1.36mm. The light is transmitted in free space and then transmitted to the Rydberg atomic gas cell 9 after being reflected by the short-pass dichroic mirror 13. The probe light frequency stabilization module 2 is used to stabilize the probe light frequency. It employs saturated absorption spectrum frequency stabilization technology to lock the probe light to the cesium atom transition energy level. and Cross lines After locking, the center frequency is locked to the cesium atom transition energy level using an acousto-optic frequency shifter. ; The optical power stabilization module 3 is used to detect optical power stabilization. It is implemented using acousto-optic modulator technology and achieves power stabilization by controlling the diffraction efficiency of the acousto-optic modulator. The coupled laser 4 generates coupled light with a center frequency of 509nm, an output power of 120mW, and an output spot size of 1.62mm. It is transmitted in free space and then transmitted to the Rydberg atomic gas cell 9 after being reflected by the long-pass dichroic mirror 14. The coupling light frequency stabilization module 5 is used to stabilize the coupling light frequency. It adopts ultra-stable cavity technology to lock the coupling light to the resonant frequency of the ultra-stable cavity. The cavity precision is 200,000, and the coupling light width after locking is better than 10Hz. The coupled optical power stabilization module 6 is used for coupled optical power stabilization and is implemented using acousto-optic modulator technology. Power stabilization is achieved by controlling the diffraction efficiency of the acousto-optic modulator.
8. The method according to claim 7, characterized in that, The local oscillator generation module includes: a microwave source 7 and an antenna 8; wherein... The microwave source 7 outputs a local oscillator microwave field. ,in The amplitude of the local oscillator microwave field, For the local oscillator microwave field frequency, To achieve continuous output of microwave sources of different frequencies within the DC to 100 GHz frequency band, a frequency multiplier and a combiner are designed to provide the phase of the local oscillator microwave field. The antenna 8 is used to transmit the local oscillator microwave field to the Reedburg atomic gas cell 9.
9. The method according to claim 8, characterized in that, The Rydberg atomic sensing module includes: a Rydberg atomic gas chamber 9; The Rydberg atomic gas chamber 9 is cylindrical in shape, made of aluminosilicate glass, and filled with an appropriate amount of cesium atoms. A microwave signal to be tested, 15, is represented as ,in For signal microwave field amplitude, Signal microwave field frequency, The phase of the signal microwave field; satisfying: ; If the local oscillator microwave signal and the microwave signal to be measured simultaneously resonate with the transition energy level of the Rydberg atom; The total electric field experienced by the atoms inside the Rydberg atomic gas chamber 9 is: ; In the formula, , , ; The total electric field experienced by the atoms inside the Rydberg atomic gas chamber 9 is approximately: ; If the local oscillator microwave signal and the microwave signal under test resonate far with the transition energy levels of the Rydberg atom; The total electric field experienced by the atoms inside the Rydberg atomic gas chamber 9 is: ; In the formula, ; The total electric field experienced by the atoms inside the Rydberg atomic gas chamber 9 is: ; The total electric field is the total signal field that includes the local oscillator signal and the signal to be measured. Under the influence of the total electric field, the spectral information of the probe light will include the information of the total electric field. By processing the spectrum of the probe light, the information of the signal field to be measured can be obtained.
10. The method according to claim 9, characterized in that, The signal acquisition and processing module includes: Photodetector 10, data acquisition card 11, and host computer 12; among which, The photodetector 10 detects the transmitted detection light signal and converts it into a voltage signal; The acquisition card 11 acquires the voltage signal and transmits it to the host computer 12 for data processing; The host computer 12 processes the acquired voltage signal to obtain an intermediate frequency signal or a beat frequency signal, thereby obtaining the amplitude and phase information of the microwave signal under test. If the local oscillator microwave signal and the microwave signal under test simultaneously resonate nearly with the transition energy level of the Rydberg atom, the processed signal is an intermediate frequency signal. By using atomic mixing, the GHz-level microwave signal is converted into a kHz-level intermediate frequency signal, thereby realizing the reception of broadband radio signals and improving detection sensitivity. The intermediate frequency signal includes the amplitude, frequency, and phase information of the microwave field under test; If the local oscillator microwave signal and the microwave signal under test simultaneously resonate with the transition energy level of the Rydberg atom, the processed signal is a beat frequency signal. The beat frequency signal includes the frequency and phase of the time-dependent oscillation. By demodulating the time-dependent signal, all information of the microwave field under test can be obtained. The beat frequency signal includes the local oscillator microwave field. The local oscillator microwave field is used to amplify the signal under test, thereby realizing the reception of broadband radio signals and improving the detection sensitivity.