AGC symbol usage for sidelink positioning reference signal transmission

Abstract

Example embodiments of the present disclosure relate to AGC symbol usage for sidelink positioning reference signal transmission. In one aspect, a first terminal device determines a sidelink (SL) positioning reference signal (PRS) sequence for an Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) symbol prior to an SL PRS resource in a resource pool configured for transmitting the SL PRS; and performing a transmission to the second terminal device on the OFDM symbol based on the determined SL PRS sequence. In this manner, the first terminal device may transmit an OFDM symbol for AGC prior to the SL PRS resource to adjust the RF level in the second terminal device, thereby improving the positioning performance of the second terminal device.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The exemplary embodiments of this disclosure generally relate to the field of communications, and particularly to terminal devices, apparatuses, and computer-readable storage media used for AGC symbols for sidelink positioning reference signal transmission. Background Technology

[0002] Sidelink (SL) positioning can be based on SL positioning reference signals (PRS) transmitted and / or received by multiple anchor user equipment (UEs) and target UE, using methods such as SL time difference of arrival (TDOA) or SL PRS exchange between anchor UE and target UE in the SL (multiple) round-trip time (RTT) method.

[0003] Automatic gain control (AGC) symbols are used by the receiving (Rx) UE to calibrate power or adjust the gain of the receiving-side power amplifier, or to properly set up the Rx radio frequency (RF) to receive signals, and they are required at the Rx UE. However, what will be sent in the AGC symbol to support sidelink PRS reception remains an open question. Summary of the Invention

[0004] Generally, the exemplary embodiments of this disclosure provide a solution for the use of AGC symbols for SL PRS transmission.

[0005] In a first aspect, a first terminal device is provided. The first terminal device includes at least one processor and at least one memory storing instructions. When executed by the at least one processor, the terminal device causes at least: to determine a side link (SL) positioning reference signal (PRS) sequence for an Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) symbol before the OFDM symbol is configured to transmit SL PRS resources in a resource pool; and, based on the determined SL PRS sequence, to perform a transmission to a second terminal device on the OFDM symbol.

[0006] In a second aspect, a second terminal device is provided. The second terminal device includes at least one processor and at least one memory storing instructions. When executed by the at least one processor, the second terminal device at least: acquires information about a transmission to be performed by a first terminal device on an orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) symbol before the OFDM symbol is configured for transmitting side link (SL) positioning reference signal (PRS) resources in a resource pool for SL PRS; and receives the transmission on the OFDM symbol from the first terminal device based on the acquired information.

[0007] In a third aspect, a method is provided. The method includes: at a first terminal device, determining a side link (SL) positioning reference signal (PRS) sequence for an orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) symbol before the OFDM symbol is configured to transmit SL PRS resources in a resource pool; and based on the determined SL PRS sequence, performing a transmission to a second terminal device on the OFDM symbol.

[0008] In a fourth aspect, a method is provided. The method includes: at a second terminal device, acquiring information about a transmission to be performed by a first terminal device on an orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) symbol before the OFDM symbol is configured to transmit side link (SL) positioning reference signal (PRS) resources in a resource pool for SL PRS; and receiving the transmission on the OFDM symbol from the first terminal device based on the acquired information.

[0009] In a fifth aspect, an apparatus is provided. The apparatus includes: means for determining, at a first terminal device, a side link (SL) positioning reference signal (PRS) sequence for an orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) symbol before the OFDM symbol is configured to transmit SL PRS resources in a resource pool; and means for performing transmission to a second terminal device on the OFDM symbol based on the determined SL PRS sequence.

[0010] In a sixth aspect, an apparatus is provided. The apparatus includes: means for acquiring at a second terminal device information about a transmission to be performed by a first terminal device on an orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) symbol before the OFDM symbol is configured to transmit side link (SL) positioning reference signal (PRS) resources in a resource pool for SL PRS; and means for receiving the transmission on the OFDM symbol from the first terminal device based on the acquired information.

[0011] In a seventh aspect, a non-transitory computer-readable medium is provided, including program instructions for causing a device to perform the methods of at least the third and fourth aspects.

[0012] In an eighth aspect, a computer program is provided. The computer program includes instructions that, when executed by a device, cause the device to perform at least the methods of the third and fourth aspects.

[0013] In a ninth aspect, a first terminal device is provided. The first terminal device includes: a determining circuit system configured to determine, at the first terminal device, a side link (SL) positioning reference signal (PRS) sequence for an orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) symbol before the OFDM symbol is configured to transmit SL PRS resources in a resource pool; and an execution circuit system configured to perform a transmission to a second terminal device on the OFDM symbol based on the determined SL PRS sequence.

[0014] In a tenth aspect, a second terminal device is provided. The second terminal device includes: an acquisition circuitry configured to acquire information at the second terminal device regarding a transmission to be performed by a first terminal device on an orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) symbol prior to the OFDM symbol being configured to transmit side link (SL) positioning reference signal (PRS) resources in a resource pool of SL PRS; and a receiving circuitry configured to receive the transmission on the OFDM symbol from the first terminal device based on the acquired information.

[0015] It should be understood that the summary section is not intended to identify key or essential features of the embodiments of this disclosure, nor is it intended to limit the scope of this disclosure. Other features of this disclosure will become readily apparent from the following description. Attached Figure Description

[0016] Some exemplary embodiments will now be described with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:

[0017] Figure 1 An example communication system in which some example embodiments of this disclosure may be implemented is shown;

[0018] Figure 2 An example of the process flow used by AGC for SL PRS transmission is shown;

[0019] Figure 3 Another example of the process flow used by AGC for SL PRS transmission is shown;

[0020] Figure 4 An example of the frame structure used by AGC for SL PRS transmission is shown;

[0021] Figure 5 An example of a method implemented at the first terminal device is shown;

[0022] Figure 6 An example of a method implemented at a second terminal device is shown;

[0023] Figure 7 A simplified block diagram of a device suitable for implementing some example embodiments of this disclosure is shown; and

[0024] Figure 8 A block diagram illustrating an example of a computer-readable medium according to some exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure is shown.

[0025] Throughout the accompanying drawings, the same or similar reference numerals denote the same or similar elements. Detailed Implementation

[0026] The principles of this disclosure will now be described with reference to some exemplary embodiments. It should be understood that these embodiments are described for illustrative purposes only and to assist those skilled in the art in understanding and implementing this disclosure, and do not imply any limitation on the scope of this disclosure. The disclosure described herein can be implemented in various ways other than those described below.

[0027] In the following description and claims, unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this disclosure pertains.

[0028] References to "an embodiment," "embodiment," "example embodiment," etc., in this disclosure indicate that the described embodiment may include a particular feature, structure, or characteristic, but not every embodiment must include that particular feature, structure, or characteristic. Furthermore, these phrases do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment. Moreover, when a particular feature, structure, or characteristic is described in connection with an embodiment, it is provided that those skilled in the art are capable of implementing those features, structures, or characteristics in conjunction with other embodiments, whether or not they are explicitly described.

[0029] It should be understood that although the terms “first” and “second” may be used herein to describe various elements, these elements should not be limited by these terms. These terms are used only to distinguish one element from another. For example, a first element may be referred to as a second element, and similarly, a second element may be referred to as a first element, without departing from the scope of the exemplary embodiments. As used herein, the term “and / or” includes any and all combinations of one or more of the listed terms.

[0030] The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to limit the exemplary embodiments. As used herein, the singular forms “a,” “an,” and “the” are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. It will also be understood that the terms “comprises,” “comprising,” “has,” “having,” “includes,” and / or “including” as used herein specify the presence of stated features, elements, and / or components, but do not exclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, elements, components, and / or combinations thereof. As used herein, “at least one of the following: ” and “at least one of ” and similar wording, wherein the list of two or more elements is connected by “and” or “or”, means at least any one element, or at least any two or more elements, or at least all elements.

[0031] As used in this application, the term "circuit system" may refer to one or more of the following: (a) Hardware-only circuit implementations (such as implementations only in analog and / or digital circuit systems); and (b) A combination of hardware circuitry and software, such as (if applicable): (i) A combination of analog and / or (multiple) digital hardware circuits with software / firmware, and (ii) Any combination of (multiple) hardware processors and software (including (multiple) digital signal processors), software, and (multiple) memories, which work together to enable a device (such as a mobile phone or server) to perform various functions; and (c) (Multiple) hardware circuits and / or (multiple) processors, such as (multiple) microprocessors or a portion thereof, which require software (e.g., firmware) to operate, but may be absent when operation is not required.

[0032] This definition of "circuit system" applies to all uses of the term in this application, including in any claim. As a further example, as used in this application, the term "circuit system" also covers only hardware circuitry or a processor (or multiple processors) or a portion of hardware circuitry or a processor and its accompanying software and / or firmware implementation. The term "circuit system" also covers, for example and if applicable to a particular claim element, baseband integrated circuits or processor integrated circuits for mobile devices or similar integrated circuits in servers, cellular network devices, or other computing or network devices.

[0033] As used herein, the term "communication network" refers to a network that conforms to any suitable communication standard, such as Long Term Evolution (LTE), LTE-Advanced (LTE-A), Wideband Code Division Multiple Access (WCDMA), High-Speed ​​Packet Access (HSPA), Narrowband Internet of Things (NB-IoT), etc. Furthermore, communication between terminal devices and network devices in a communication network can be performed according to any suitable generation of communication protocols, including but not limited to fourth-generation (4G), 4.5G, future fifth-generation (5G) communication protocols, and / or any other currently known or to be developed in the future. Embodiments of this disclosure can be applied to a variety of communication systems. Given the rapid development of communications, there will naturally be communication technologies and systems that embody future types of this disclosure. The scope of this disclosure should not be construed as limited to the systems described above.

[0034] As used herein, the term "network device" refers to a node in a communication network through which terminal devices access the network and receive services. Network device can refer to a base station (BS) or access point (AP), such as a Node B (NodeB or NB), an evolved Node B (eNodeB or eNB), an NR NB (also known as a gNB), a Remote Radio Unit (RRU), a Radio Headend (RH), a Remote Radio Headend (RRH), a relay, an Integrated Access and Backhaul (IAB) node, a low-power node (such as a femtocell or picocell), a non-terrestrial network (NTN) or non-terrestrial network device (such as satellite network device, low Earth orbit (LEO) satellites, and geostationary orbit (GEO) satellites), an aircraft network device, etc., depending on the terminology and technology used.

[0035] The term "terminal device" refers to any terminal device capable of wireless communication. By way of example, and not limitation, a terminal device may also be referred to as a communication device, user equipment (UE), subscriber station (SS), portable subscriber station, mobile station (MS), or access terminal (AT). Terminal devices can include, but are not limited to, mobile phones, cellular phones, smartphones, Voice over IP (VoIP) phones, wireless local loop phones, tablets, wearable terminal devices, personal digital assistants (PDAs), portable computers, desktop computers, image capture terminal devices (such as digital cameras), gaming terminal devices, music storage and playback devices, in-vehicle wireless terminal devices, wireless endpoints, mobile stations, laptop embedded devices (LEEs), laptop-mounted devices (LMEs), USB dongles, smart devices, wireless customer premises equipment (CPEs), Internet of Things (IoT) devices, watches or other wearable devices, head-mounted displays (HMDs), vehicles, drones, medical devices and applications (e.g., remote surgery), industrial devices and applications (e.g., robots and / or other wireless devices operating in the context of industrial and / or automated processing chains), consumer electronics devices, devices operating on commercial and / or industrial wireless networks, etc. In the following description, the terms "terminal equipment", "communication equipment", and "terminal" are used interchangeably.

[0036] As mentioned above, SL positioning can be based on the transmission of SL PRS of multiple anchor UEs received by the target UE, using methods such as SL Time Difference of Arrival (TDOA) or SL (Multiple) Round Trip Time (RTT) exchange between the anchor UE and the target UE.

[0037] Automatic gain control (AGC) symbols are used by Rx UEs to calibrate power or adjust the gain of the receiver power amplifier, or to properly set up the Rx radio frequency (RF) to receive signals. However, what is transmitted in this AGC symbol remains an unresolved issue.

[0038] For Revision (Rel)-18 New Radio (NR) positioning, the consensus of Work Item Description (WID) RP-223549 has been reached, which includes the following sidelink positioning: Specifying solutions supporting sidelink positioning (including ranging) in NR systems. This sidelink positioning specifies the SL PRS used to support sidelink positioning, such that the SL PRS uses a comb-based frequency domain structure (without excluding full resource element (RE) mapping patterns) and a pseudo-random sequence, where the existing sequence of the downlink (DL)-PRS is used as the starting point. This sidelink positioning specifies support for SL PRS bandwidths up to 100 MHz in the Frequency Range (FR) 1 spectrum. SL PRS transmissions in FR2 are not excluded, but FR2-specific aspects will not be specified. This sidelink positioning specifies support for measurements using RTT-type solutions employing SL, SL Angle of Arrival (AoA), and SL-TDOA.

[0039] This sidelink positioning specification supports resource allocation for SL PRS, including resource allocation scheme 1 and scheme 2. Scheme 1 corresponds to a network-centric SL PRS resource allocation, and scheme 2 corresponds to UE-autonomous SL PRS resource allocation. For the resource allocation mechanism for SL PRS in scheme 2, it is agreed to study and specify support for awareness-based resource allocation and / or random resource selection in RAN1, and to study and specify solutions for congestion control for SL PRS and / or inter-UE coordination for SL-PRS. This sidelink positioning specification supports resource allocation for shared resource pool sidelink communication and for dedicated resource pools for SL PRS. For the pre-configuration or configuration of SL positioning resources in shared resource pools with sidelink communication, backward compatibility with legacy NR UEs should be ensured.

[0040] The following are related terms used in some embodiments of this disclosure. Target UE refers to the UE to be located. In this context, the target UE is located using an SL, such as by utilizing a PC5 interface. Anchor UE refers to the UE that supports the location of the target UE, such as by transmitting and / or receiving reference signals for location via the SL interface, and by providing location-related information. Sidelink location refers to locating a UE using reference signals transmitted via an SL such as a PC5 interface to obtain absolute position, relative position, or ranging information. Ranging refers to the determination of the distance and / or direction between a UE (such as the target UE) and another entity (such as the anchor UE). Sidelink Location Reference Signal (SL PRS) refers to a reference signal transmitted via an SL for location purposes. SL PRS pre-configuration or configuration refers to the pre-configured or configured parameters of the SL PRS, such as including its bandwidth and periodic time-frequency resources, while other parameters are not excluded.

[0041] In some embodiments, SL positioning is based on a method of transmitting SL PRS (Signal Transfer Routers) of multiple anchor UEs received by the target UE. This method can be the SL Time Difference of Arrival (TDOA) method. Alternatively, it can be the SL PRS exchange between the anchor UE and the target UE in the SL (Multiple) Round Trip Time (RTT) method, enabling the positioning of the target UE and / or ranging from the target UE to a reference UE (such as the anchor UE) within the precise latency and accuracy requirements of the corresponding SL positioning. Those skilled in the art will understand that SL positioning can also be implemented by other methods.

[0042] Figure 1 An example communication system in which some example embodiments of the present disclosure can be implemented is shown.

[0043] In some embodiments, Figure 1 The communication system 100 illustrates an SL RTT positioning scenario, in which a second terminal device 103 (such as a target UE) performs SL positioning by receiving SL PRS 111, 113, and 115 from three anchor UEs (including a first terminal device 101, a third terminal device 105, and a fourth terminal device 107), and uses the SL RTT method to determine the location of the second terminal device 103 (such as the target UE). Those skilled in the art will understand that the target UE can transmit SL PRS, and the anchor UEs can receive SL PRS. Similarly, those skilled in the art will understand that the target UE can receive SL PRS, and the anchor UEs can transmit SL PRS.

[0044] Automatic gain control (AGC) symbols are used by the target UE to properly configure the Rx RF for signal reception. For SL communications, the AGC symbol is not explicitly specified but is a reserved symbol designated for AGC. In Clause 8.2.1 of TS 38.211, the following is specific to SL communications: as described in Clauses 8.3.1.5 and 8.3.2.3, the first orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) symbol of the Physical Side Link Shared Channel (PSSCH) and its associated Physical Side Link Control Channel (PSCCH) is copied. As described in Clause 8.3.4.2.2, the first OFDM symbol of the Physical Side Link Feedback Channel (PSFCH) is copied.

[0045] Regarding SL positioning, the following agreements have been reached concerning the AGC symbol: It is agreed that the AGC symbol preceding the SL PRS resource is not considered part of the SL PRS resource itself. It is also agreed that in the dedicated resource pool, the SL PRS resource immediately precedes the AGC symbol, unless RAN1 explicitly agrees to exclude the AGC symbol for specific circumstances. Therefore, in the dedicated resource pool (D-RP), the SL PRS will precede the AGC symbol, but the AGC symbol is not part of the SL PRS itself. What content will be transmitted in this AGC symbol remains an open question. To date, RAN1 has also agreed to support a 1-symbol PRS.

[0046] As mentioned above, in current SL communication, the AGC symbol is a copy of PSSCH, PSCCH, or PSFCH. Several proposals have been made regarding how to handle the AGC symbol in SL PRS, such as copying the first or last symbol.

[0047] The AGC symbol is necessary for SL communication and is also considered necessary for SL positioning. To date, it has only been agreed that the SL PRS in the Dedicated Resource Pool (RP) will precede the AGC symbol, but what the TX UE should transmit in that symbol remains an open question. The following proposals are discussed.

[0048] When an AGC symbol is sent immediately before an SL PRS resource, consider the following options for generating the AGC symbol: Option 1: Repeat the first symbol of the SL PRS to implement the AGC symbol. Option 2: Use a copy of the last symbol of the SL PRS resource to implement the AGC symbol. Option 3: The AGC symbol is a copy of the expected symbol following the final symbol of the fully or partially interleaved SL PRS. Option 4: When the first symbol is used for AGC processing, the copying mechanism for the first symbol is left to the UE to implement. Option 5: Other alternatives.

[0049] Some companies have pointed out that an issue with Alternative Option 1 is that the repeated first symbol may cause some peak ambiguity when the receiving (RX) UE performs timing measurements. This is because the RX UE will use a cross-correlation function in the time domain for timing measurements, and the repeated symbol will generate a second peak during the measurement process.

[0050] Furthermore, since a symbol SL PRS has been agreed upon, the last symbol of the SL PRS resource is also the first symbol of the SL PRS. Therefore, Alternative Option 2 also has problems for the same reasons as Alternative Option 1. Alternative Option 3 has problems because it duplicates some content after the SL PRS, but the SL PRS can be the last content transmitted in a time slot, so the AGC symbol cannot rely on something to be duplicated. Alternative Option 4 also has problems because it breaks the SL principle, and the UE may do something that would impair SL positioning measurements. Therefore, it is necessary to address what the TX UE should transmit in the AGC symbol before the SL PRS resource.

[0051] In some embodiments, reserved symbols for SL PRS AGC are used to transmit signals with good cross-correlation characteristics with the SL PRS resource to be transmitted. These SL PRS AGC symbols are transmitted by the TX UE and used by the RX UE to set up AGC for receiving the upcoming SL PRS resource. Several options exist for how the TX UE sets the SL PRS AGC symbols. This allows for flexible generation of SL PRS AGC symbols.

[0052] In Option 1, the TX UE generates an ID by obtaining the sequence used for the following SL PRS resources (such as... ) and add an offset X to that ID to select the SL PRS sequence identifier (ID) for the SL PRS AGC symbol (such as The TX UE uses this new ID to generate the first symbol of the virtual SL PRS resource, and uses the first symbol of this virtual resource as the SL PRS AGC symbol. In this way, the cross-correlation characteristics between the AGC symbol and the subsequent SL PRS resources can be maintained to avoid peak ambiguity.

[0053] In option two, the TX UE generates an ID (such as) using an SL PRS sequence configured by the higher layer of the TX UE and / or by the network (pre)configuration. This generates a 1-symbol sequence for the SL PRS AGC symbol. In this way, the cross-correlation characteristics between the AGC symbol and the following SL PRS resources can be maintained to avoid peak ambiguity for multiple anchor UEs.

[0054] In Option 3, a reserved SL PRS sequence generation ID is used by all TX UEs to generate a 1-symbol sequence for the SL PRS AGC symbol. This method simply avoids peak ambiguity and saves resources used to indicate the SL PRS sequence generation ID from the TX UE to the RX UE.

[0055] In option four, the TX UE can provide the RX UE with information about which of one or more symbols in the SL PRS resource is copied for SL PRS AGC. Implementing AGC symbols for SL PRS in this way is straightforward.

[0056] The target UE can transmit an AGC symbol and one or more SL PRS symbols, and the anchor UE can receive the AGC symbol and one or more SL PRS symbols. In this way, the positioning process can be more flexible.

[0057] The detailed implementation is shown below.

[0058] Figure 2 An example of the process flow used by AGC for SL PRS transmission is shown.

[0059] In process 200, at 205, the first terminal device 101 determines a side-link (SL) positioning reference signal (PRS) sequence for an Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) symbol before the SLPRS resources in the resource pool configured for transmitting the SL PRS. At 210, the second terminal device 103 obtains information about the transmission to be performed by the first terminal device 101 on the OFDM symbol before the SL PRS resources in the resource pool configured for transmitting the SL PRS. The first terminal device 101 sends (213) an OFDM symbol based on the determined SL PRS sequence 215 to the second terminal device 103. In this way, the first terminal device 101 can send an OFDM symbol for AGC before the SL PRS resources to adjust the RF level in the second terminal device 103, thereby improving the positioning performance of the second terminal device 103.

[0060] In some embodiments, the first terminal device 101 may determine a first SL PRS sequence generation identifier (ID) for the SL PRS resources following the OFDM symbol, such as an SL PRS sequence generation ID. The first terminal device 101 directs... Add an offset X to obtain the second SL PRS sequence generation ID, and then generate an OFDM symbol for AGC to the second terminal device 103 based on the second SL PRS sequence generation ID. X can be 1 or other values. In some embodiments, if ( +X) is greater than the predetermined value. This predetermined value can be... The maximum value, such as 4095, is then calculated by the first terminal device 101. The modulo operation is calculated as (+X) mod 4096, and the result is used as the second SL PRS sequence to generate the ID. This method preserves the cross-correlation characteristics between the AGC symbol and the subsequent SL PRS resources, avoiding peak ambiguity and ultimately improving SL positioning performance. The offset can be pre-configured or configured by the network device, or predefined as a fixed integer in the specification. This allows for flexible pre-configuration or configuration of the offset, or a simple implementation.

[0061] In some embodiments, the SL PRS sequence generation ID for the OFDM symbol used for AGC can be configured by a higher layer of the first terminal device 101. Additionally or alternatively, the SL PRS sequence generation ID for the OFDM symbol used for AGC can also be configured by a network device. For example, the first terminal device 101 can identify another UE (such as...) Figure 1 The sequence generation ID being used by the third terminal device 105 or the fourth terminal device 107 is similar to the sequence generation ID that the first terminal device 101 itself is using for SL PRS resources. In this case, a higher layer of the first terminal device 101 or another coordinating entity (such as a location management function (LMF) or a server UE) can determine the sequence ID used for the AGC symbol. The server UE can be different from the first terminal device 101 or the second device 103. In this way, the configuration can achieve good cooperation between different TX UEs, avoid interference from different TX UEs, and ultimately improve SL positioning performance.

[0062] In some embodiments, the first terminal device 101 may receive resource element (RE) pattern configuration for the 1-symbol sequence in the frequency domain from the LMF or server UE. For example, Comb-1 may be configured such that the received signal does not repeat in the time domain. In this way, the SL PRS sequence generation ID may be configured by a higher layer or network of the first terminal device 101 to achieve good cooperation between different TX UEs, avoid interference from different TX UEs, and ultimately improve SL positioning performance.

[0063] In some embodiments, the SL PRS sequence generation ID for the OFDM symbol used for AGC can be reserved, such as 0. The SL PRS sequence generation ID for the OFDM symbol used for AGC can also be in a list of multiple dedicated reserved SL PRS sequence generation IDs. The first terminal device 101 can select one SL PRS sequence generation ID from the list to generate the OFDM symbol for AGC. Utilizing the reserved(multiple) SL PRS sequence IDs simplifies the implementation. Furthermore, by selecting from the list of reserved SL PRS sequence IDs, the first terminal device 101 can avoid conflicts with other anchor UEs (such as...). Figure 1Interference between the third terminal device 105 and the fourth terminal device 107 in the process.

[0064] In some embodiments, the first terminal device 101 may determine the SL PRS sequence of OFDM symbols for AGC based on one of the symbols copied from the following SL PRS resources, and provide the second terminal device 103 with information about which symbol of the SL PRS resource was copied. In this way, the implementation for determining the SL PRS sequence of OFDM symbols for AGC can be simplified.

[0065] In some embodiments, after determining the SL PRS sequence of the OFDM symbol for AGC, the first terminal device 101 may send information to the second terminal device 103 regarding the transmission to be performed on the OFDM symbol. This information may be an offset X, which is the SL PRS sequence generation ID to be added to the OFDM symbol for AGC. Alternatively or additionally, this information may be an SL PRS sequence generation ID determined by the first terminal device 101 for the OFDM symbol used for AGC. Alternatively or additionally, this information may be an SL PRS sequence generation ID for the OFDM symbol used for AGC, selected from a reserved list of SL PRS sequence generation IDs. Alternatively or additionally, this information may be which of one or more symbols of the SL PRS resource is copied for SL PRS AGC. In this way, it is straightforward for the second terminal device 103 to determine the sequence generation ID for the SL PRS AGC symbol.

[0066] In some embodiments, information about OFDM symbols used for AGC can be transmitted from the first terminal device 101 to the second terminal device 103 in one of the following formats: Side Link Control Information (SCI), Media Access Control (MAC) Control Element (CE), Side Link Positioning Protocol (SLPP) message, or Radio Resource Control (RRC) message. In this way, information about OFDM symbols used for AGC can be flexibly transmitted to the second terminal device 103.

[0067] In some embodiments, the SL PRS sequence may be a pseudo-random noise (PN) sequence for simplified implementation, or a Zadoff-Chu (ZC) sequence for achieving a low peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR).

[0068] Figure 3 Another example of the process flow used by AGC for SL PRS transmission is shown.

[0069] In process flow 300, TX UE 301 can be an implementation of the first terminal device 101, and RX UE 303 can be... Figure 1 The second terminal device 103 is implemented in the TX UE 301. Those skilled in the art will understand that the TX UE 301 can also be implemented as a third terminal device 105 or a fourth terminal device 107.

[0070] In step zero, TX UE 101 and RX UE 103 are in the SL positioning startup process 310.

[0071] In step one, at 315, TX UE 101 determines the need for SL PRS AGC symbols in the dedicated resource pool and specifically determines the SL PRD sequence ID to generate a sequence for the SL PRS AGC symbols. TX UE 101 generates the SL PRS AGC sequence using one of the following options.

[0072] In some embodiments, in Option 1, TX UE 301 generates an ID by obtaining a sequence for the following SL PRS resources (such as... ) and add an offset X to that ID to select the SL PRS sequence for the SL PRS AGC symbol to generate an ID (such as ),in This can be configured for each SL PRS resource. TX UE 301 uses this new ID to generate the first symbol of the virtual SL PRS resource and uses that first symbol as the SL PRS AGC symbol. For example, the UE can obtain... It simply adds 1 to the ID and then uses the SL PRS sequence generation method to generate a sequence of 1 symbols. TX UE 301 can also... Adding X causes the number to be greater than the predetermined value (such as...). The modulo operation is used when the maximum value (which is specified as 4095 in Rel-18) is reached. For example, TX UE 301 calculates the AGC sequence generation ID as ( + X) mod 4096. The value of X can be pre-configured, configured, or hard-coded in the specification. In this way, the cross-correlation characteristics between the AGC symbol and the following SL PRS resources can be maintained to avoid peak ambiguity and ultimately improve SL positioning performance.

[0073] In some embodiments, in Option 2, RX UE 301 generates a 1 symbol sequence for SL PRS AGC symbols using an ID generated by a higher-layer SL PRS sequence pre-configured or configured by the network for the TX UE. For example, TX UE 301 can identify another UE (such as...) Figure 1The sequence generation ID being used by the third terminal device 105 or the fourth terminal device 107 in the TX UE 301 (such as the first terminal device 101) is similar to the sequence generation ID that the TX UE 301 is using for SL PRS resources. In this case, a higher layer of the TX UE 301 or another coordinating entity (such as a Location Management Function (LMF) or a server UE) can determine the sequence ID used for the AGC symbol. The server UE may be different from the TX UE 301 or the Rx UE 303. The server UE may perform at least some of the functions of the LMF, such as requesting measurement reports and location estimation based on the reported measurements. In this case, the TX UE 301 may also signal the sequence generation ID it is using for SL PRS AGC to the Rx UE 303. For example, the TX UE 301 may signal this information to the Rx UE 303 using SCI, MAC-CE, SLPP, or RRC. In this way, the TX UE 301 can efficiently signal the sequence generation ID to the Rx UE 303. In another embodiment, in addition to the SL PRS sequence generation ID, the network can provide a separate RE pattern for the 1-symbol sequence in the frequency domain. For example, Comb-1 can be configured so that the received signal does not repeat in the time domain. In this way, the SL PRS sequence generation ID can be configured by a higher layer or network of the TX UE 301 to achieve good cooperation between different TX UEs, avoid interference from different TX UEs, and ultimately improve SL positioning performance.

[0074] In some embodiments, in option three, there exists a reserved SL PRS sequence generation ID that is used by all TX UEs to generate a 1-symbol sequence for SL PRS AGC symbols. For example, the 0th of the sequence generation ID can be reserved, meaning that the UE should not use this sequence generation ID for SL PRS sequence generation. Then, all RX UEs that send SL PRS resources use the 0th of the sequence ID to generate the sequence for the SL PRS AGC symbols. In this way, determining the sequence ID for the SL PRS AGC symbols is simplified. In one embodiment, the network can provide a list of multiple SL PRS sequence generation IDs that are specifically reserved for SL PRS AGC symbols, and the TX UE 301 selects one of them and notifies the RX UE 303 of the selected one. In cases where many SL UEs are nearby, the same sequence generation ID can cause interference problems, so this embodiment can avoid this potential interference problem and ultimately improve SL positioning performance.

[0075] In some embodiments, in option four, TX UE 301 may provide RX UE 303 with information about which of one or more symbols of the SL PRS resource was copied for SL PRS AGC. For example, TX UE 301 may copy the second symbol of the SL PRS resource and notify RX UE 303 of this information. TX UE 301 may expect RX UE 303 to perform positioning measurements other than the AGC symbol. In this way, determining the sequence generation ID for the SL PRS AGC symbol is straightforward.

[0076] In step 2, TX UE 301 signals any necessary information 320 regarding the SL PRS AGC symbol to RX UE 303 (318). In step 3, TX UE 301 sends (323) the SL PRS AGC symbol 325 according to the sequence generated in step 1, followed immediately by the SL PRS resource. In step 4, at 330, RX UE 303 receives the SL PRS after performing the necessary AGC on the preceding symbol of the SL PRS resource. At step 4, RX UE 303 should adjust the amplifier gain using the received AGC symbol before receiving the SL PRS. Due to the difference between the AGC symbol and the SL PRS, the timing ambiguity in Alternatives 1 and 2 can be mitigated. The AGC adjustment based on the AGC symbol depends on the implementation in RX UE 303. In this way, RX UE 303 can adjust the gain of its amplifier according to the AGC symbol to eliminate the fading effect between TX UE 301 and RX UE 303, thereby improving SL positioning measurement performance and ultimately improving positioning performance.

[0077] Some embodiments of this disclosure can be based on pseudo-random (PN) sequences used for SL PRS transmission. For AGC symbols, a specific 1-symbol Zadoff-Chu (ZC) sequence can alternatively be introduced. TX UE 301 can avoid peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) signal transmission for AGC, and RX UE 303 can still perform AGC. Options two and three described above can be directly applied to the ZC sequence. Considering that multiple SL UEs can transmit AGC SL PRS on the same symbol, multiple sets of different ZC sequences that maintain orthogonality can be configured by the network and selected by TX UE 301. In this way, low PAPR can be achieved to improve the energy efficiency of AGC symbols and subsequent SL PRS resources and reduce interference.

[0078] The target UE can transmit an AGC symbol and one or more SL PRS symbols, and the anchor UE can receive the AGC symbol and one or more SL PRS symbols. In this way, the positioning process can be more flexible.

[0079] Figure 4 An example of the frame structure used by AGC for SL PRS transmission is shown.

[0080] In frame structure 400, there are PSCCH 1 symbol 405 and PSCCH 2 symbol 410. SL PRS AGC symbol 415 is used for RF adjustment in RX UE 303 to receive the following SL PRS resource #1 420. SL PRS AGC symbol 425 is also used for RF adjustment in RX UE 303 to receive the following SL PRS resource #2 430. One or more symbols exist in SL PRS resource #1 420 or SL PRS resource #2 430. The AGC symbol and the SL PRS resource are adjacent to each other to achieve accurate RF adjustment.

[0081] Figure 5 An example of a method implemented at the first terminal device is shown.

[0082] In method 500, at 510, the first terminal device 101 determines a side link (SL) positioning reference signal (PRS) sequence for an OFDM symbol before the OFDM symbol is configured to transmit SLPRS resources in a resource pool. At 520, the first terminal device 101 performs a transmission to the second terminal device on the OFDM symbol based on the determined SL PRS sequence.

[0083] In some embodiments, the first terminal device 101 is configured to determine the SL PRS sequence by: determining a first SL PRS sequence generation identifier (ID) for SL PRS resources; determining a second SL PRS sequence generation ID by adding an offset to the first SL PRS sequence generation ID; and generating a 1 symbol sequence based on the second SL PRS sequence generation ID.

[0084] In some embodiments, the first terminal device 101 is further configured to: determine a second SL PRS sequence generation ID by performing a modulo operation on the sum of the first SL PRS sequence generation ID and the offset, based on the determination that the sum of the first SL PRS sequence generation ID and the offset is greater than a predetermined value, by adding one to the maximum value of the SL PRS sequence generation ID. In some embodiments, the value of the offset is one of the following: pre-configured or configured by the network device; or predefined as a fixed integer.

[0085] In some embodiments, the first terminal device 101 is configured to determine an SL PRS sequence by: determining an SL PRS sequence generation ID configured by at least one of: (i) a higher layer of the first terminal device, or (ii) a network configuration or pre-configuration; and generating a 1-symbol sequence based on the determined SL PRS sequence generation ID. In some embodiments, the SL PRS sequence generation ID configured by the network configuration or pre-configuration is received from: a Location Management Function (LMF); or a Server User Equipment (UE), which is a terminal device different from the first terminal device 101 or the second terminal device 103.

[0086] In some embodiments, the first terminal device 101 is further configured to: receive from the LMF or server UE a resource element (RE) pattern configuration for the 1-symbol sequence in the frequency domain. In some embodiments, the first terminal device 101 is configured to determine the SL PRS sequence by: determining an SL PRS sequence generation ID, which is reserved for the terminal device to generate the 1-symbol sequence for OFDM symbols prior to the SL PRS resources in the resource pool; and generating the 1-symbol sequence based on the reserved SL PRS sequence generation ID.

[0087] In some embodiments, the first terminal device 101 is configured to determine the reserved SL PRS sequence generation ID by selecting an SL PRS sequence generation ID from a plurality of SL PRS sequence generation IDs to generate a 1-symbol sequence for OFDM symbols preceding SL PRS resources in a resource pool, wherein the plurality of SL PRS sequence generation IDs are reserved for one or more terminal devices. In some embodiments, the first terminal device 101 is configured to determine the SL PRS sequence by copying one symbol from the symbols of the SL PRS resources used for transmitting OFDM symbols following SL PRS.

[0088] In some embodiments, the first terminal device 101 is further configured to send information to the second terminal device 103 regarding a transmission to be performed on an OFDM symbol. In some embodiments, the information indicates at least one of the following: an offset, which is to be added to a first SL PRS sequence generation ID for SL PRS resources following the OFDM symbol, to obtain a second SL PRS sequence generation ID for the OFDM symbol; an SL PRS sequence generation ID determined by the first terminal device 101 for the OFDM symbol; an SL PRS sequence generation ID selected from a plurality of SL PRS sequence generation IDs for the OFDM symbol, the plurality of SL PRS sequence generation IDs being reserved for generating a sequence of symbols for OFDM symbols preceding SL PRS resources in the resource pool; or a symbol from the symbols of the SL PRS resources for transmitting SL PRS following the OFDM symbol, which will be copied for the OFDM symbol.

[0089] In some embodiments, the information is transmitted via at least one of the following: Side Link Control Information (SCI); Media Access Control (MAC) Control Element (CE); Side Link Positioning Protocol (SLPP) message; or Radio Resource Control (RRC) message. In some embodiments, the first terminal device 101 is further configured to transmit SL PRS to the second terminal device using SL PRS resources following the OFDM symbol.

[0090] In some embodiments, OFDM symbols are used for automatic gain control (AGC) at the second terminal device 103. In some embodiments, the SL PRS sequence is a pseudo-random noise (PN) sequence or a Zadoff-Chu (ZC) sequence. In some embodiments, the first terminal device 101 or the second device 103 is an anchor UE or a target UE.

[0091] Figure 6 An example of a method implemented at a second terminal device is shown.

[0092] In method 600, at 610, the second terminal device 103 acquires information about a transmission to be performed by the first terminal device 101 on an Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) symbol before the OFDM symbol is configured to transmit a Side Link (SL) Positioning Reference Signal (PRS) resource in a resource pool. At 620, the second terminal device 103 receives the transmission on the OFDM symbol from the first terminal device 101 based on the acquired information.

[0093] In some embodiments, the second terminal device 103 is further configured to: adjust the gain of an amplifier based on the transmission on the received OFDM symbol for receiving SL PRS from the first terminal device 101; and receive SL PRS from the first terminal device 101 based on the adjusted amplifier gain. In some embodiments, the second terminal device 103 is configured to obtain the information by receiving the information from the first terminal device 101.

[0094] In some embodiments, the information indicates at least one of the following: an offset, a first SL PRS sequence generation ID to be added to the SL PRS resource following the OFDM symbol, to obtain a second SL PRS sequence generation ID for the OFDM symbol; an SL PRS sequence generation ID determined by the first terminal device 101 for the OFDM symbol; an SL PRS sequence generation ID selected from a plurality of SL PRS sequence generation IDs for the OFDM symbol, the plurality of SL PRS sequence generation IDs being reserved for the terminal device to generate a symbol sequence for the OFDM symbol preceding the SL PRS resource in the resource pool; or a symbol from the symbols of the SL PRS resource for transmitting the SL PRS following the OFDM symbol, wherein the symbol will be copied for the OFDM symbol. For example, the SL PRS sequence generation ID would be an SL PRS sequence ID configured per SL PRS resource.

[0095] In some embodiments, the information is received via at least one of the following: Side Link Control Information (SCI); Media Access Control (MAC) Control Element (CE); Side Link Positioning Protocol (SLPP) message; or Radio Resource Control (RRC) message. In some embodiments, OFDM symbols are used for Automatic Gain Control (AGC) at the second terminal device 103. In some embodiments, the SL PRS sequence is a pseudo-random noise (PN) sequence or a Zadoff-Chu (ZC) sequence. In some embodiments, the first terminal device 101 or the second terminal device 103 is each an anchor UE or a target UE, or the first terminal device or the second device is each a target UE or an anchor UE.

[0096] In some embodiments, the apparatus capable of performing method 500 (e.g., the first terminal device 101) may include components for performing the corresponding steps of method 500. These components may be implemented in any suitable form. For example, the components may be implemented in a circuit system or a software module.

[0097] In some embodiments, the apparatus includes components for determining a side link (SL) positioning reference signal (PRS) sequence for an OFDM symbol before the OFDM symbol is configured to transmit SL PRS resources in a resource pool; and components for performing a transmission to a second terminal device on the OFDM symbol based on the determined SL PRS sequence.

[0098] In some embodiments, the components for determining the SL PRS sequence include: components for determining a first SL PRS sequence generation identifier (ID) for SL PRS resources following OFDM symbols; components for determining a second SL PRS sequence generation ID by adding an offset to the first SL PRS sequence generation ID; and components for generating a sequence of 1 symbols based on the second SL PRS sequence generation ID.

[0099] In some embodiments, the apparatus further includes a component for performing a modulo operation on the sum of the first SL PRS sequence generated ID and the offset by adding one to the maximum value of the SL PRS sequence generated ID to determine a second SL PRS sequence generated ID.

[0100] In some embodiments, the offset value is one of the following: pre-configured or configured by the network device; or predefined as a fixed integer.

[0101] In some embodiments, the components for determining the SL PRS sequence include: components for determining an SL PRS sequence generation ID configured by at least one of: (i) a higher layer of the first terminal device, or (ii) a network configuration or pre-configuration; and components for generating a 1-symbol sequence based on the determined SL PRS sequence generation ID.

[0102] In some embodiments, the SL PRS sequence generation ID, configured by network configuration or pre-configuration, is received from: a location management function (LMF); or a server user equipment (UE), which is a terminal device different from the first terminal device or the second terminal device.

[0103] In some embodiments, the apparatus further includes a component for receiving from an LMF or a server UE a resource element (RE) pattern configuration for a 1-symbol sequence in the frequency domain.

[0104] In some embodiments, the components for determining the SL PRS sequence include: components for determining an SL PRS sequence generation ID, wherein the SL PRS sequence generation ID is reserved for the terminal device to generate a 1-symbol sequence for OFDM symbols prior to SL PRS resources in the resource pool; and components for generating a 1-symbol sequence based on the reserved SL PRS sequence generation ID.

[0105] In some embodiments, the component for determining the reserved SL PRS sequence generation ID includes: a component for selecting an SL PRS sequence generation ID from a plurality of SL PRS sequence generation IDs to generate a symbol sequence for OFDM symbols preceding SL PRS resources in a resource pool; and a component for reserving the plurality of SL PRS sequence generation IDs for one or more terminal devices.

[0106] In some embodiments, the component for determining the SL PRS sequence includes a component for determining the SL PRS sequence based on copying one of the symbols of the SL PRS resource used for transmitting OFDM symbols following the SL PRS.

[0107] In some embodiments, the apparatus further includes a component for sending information to a second terminal device about a transmission to be performed on an OFDM symbol.

[0108] In some embodiments, the information indicates at least one of the following: an offset, which is to be added to a first SL PRS sequence generation ID for SL PRS resources following the OFDM symbol to obtain a second SL PRS sequence generation ID for the OFDM symbol; an SL PRS sequence generation ID determined by a first terminal device for the OFDM symbol; an SL PRS sequence generation ID selected from a plurality of SL PRS sequence generation IDs for the OFDM symbol, the plurality of SL PRS sequence generation IDs being reserved for the terminal device to generate a 1 symbol sequence for the OFDM symbol preceding the SL PRS resources in the resource pool; or a symbol of the SL PRS resources for transmitting SL PRS following the OFDM symbol, which will be copied for the OFDM symbol.

[0109] In some embodiments, the information is sent via at least one of the following: Side Link Control Information (SCI); Media Access Control (MAC) Control Element (CE); Side Link Positioning Protocol (SLPP) message; or Radio Resource Control (RRC) message.

[0110] In some embodiments, the apparatus further includes a component for transmitting SL PRS to a second terminal device using SL PRS resources following the OFDM symbol.

[0111] In some embodiments, OFDM symbols are used for automatic gain control (AGC) at the second terminal device.

[0112] In some embodiments, the SL PRS sequence is a pseudo-random noise (PN) sequence or a Zadoff-Chu (ZC) sequence.

[0113] In some embodiments, the first terminal device or the second device is an anchor UE or a target UE.

[0114] In some embodiments, the apparatus further includes components for performing other steps in some embodiments of method 500. In some embodiments, the components include at least one processor and at least one memory including computer program code, the at least one memory and the computer program code being configured, together with the at least one processor, to enable the execution of the apparatus.

[0115] In some embodiments, the apparatus capable of performing method 600 (e.g., the second terminal device 103) may include components for performing the corresponding steps of method 600. These components may be implemented in any suitable form. For example, the components may be implemented in a circuit system or a software module.

[0116] In some embodiments, the apparatus includes: components for acquiring information about a transmission to be performed by a first terminal device on an orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) symbol before the OFDM symbol is configured to transmit side link (SL) positioning reference signal (PRS) resources in a resource pool for SL PRS; and components for receiving the transmission on the OFDM symbol from the first terminal device based on the acquired information.

[0117] In some embodiments, the apparatus further includes: components for adjusting the gain of an amplifier based on transmissions on received OFDM symbols for receiving SL PRS from a first terminal device; and components for receiving SL PRS from the first terminal device based on the adjusted gain of the amplifier.

[0118] In some embodiments, the component for acquiring information includes: a component for receiving information from a first terminal device.

[0119] In some embodiments, the information indicates at least one of the following: an offset, which is to be added to a first SL PRS sequence generation ID for SL PRS resources following the OFDM symbol to obtain a second SL PRS sequence generation ID for the OFDM symbol; an SL PRS sequence generation ID determined by a first terminal device for the OFDM symbol; an SL PRS sequence generation ID selected from a plurality of SL PRS sequence generation IDs for the OFDM symbol, wherein the plurality of SL PRS sequence generation IDs are reserved for the terminal device to generate a symbol sequence for the OFDM symbol preceding the SL PRS resources in the resource pool; or a symbol of the SL PRS resources for transmitting SL PRS following the OFDM symbol, wherein the symbol will be copied for the OFDM symbol.

[0120] In some embodiments, the information is received via at least one of the following: Side Link Control Information (SCI); Media Access Control (MAC) Control Element (CE); Side Link Positioning Protocol (SLPP) message; or Radio Resource Control (RRC) message.

[0121] In some embodiments, OFDM symbols are used for automatic gain control (AGC) at the second terminal device.

[0122] In some embodiments, the SL PRS sequence is a pseudo-random noise (PN) sequence or a Zadoff-Chu (ZC) sequence.

[0123] In some embodiments, the first terminal device or the second terminal device is each an anchor UE or a target UE; or the first terminal device or the second device is each a target UE or an anchor UE.

[0124] In some embodiments, the apparatus further includes components for performing other steps in some embodiments of method 600. In some embodiments, the components include at least one processor and at least one memory including computer program code, the at least one memory and the computer program code being configured, together with the at least one processor, to enable the execution of the apparatus.

[0125] Figure 7 A simplified block diagram of a device 700 suitable for implementing some example embodiments of the present disclosure is shown. Device 700 can be provided to implement a communication device, such as... Figure 1 or Figure 2 The first terminal device 101 or the second terminal device 103 shown are illustrated. As shown, device 700 includes one or more processors 710 coupled to processor 710, one or more memories 720, and one or more communication modules 740 coupled to processor 710.

[0126] The communication module 740 is used for bidirectional communication. The communication module 740 has at least one antenna to facilitate communication. The communication interface can represent any interface necessary for communication with other network elements.

[0127] Processor 710 can be any type suitable for a local technology network and can include one or more of the following: general-purpose computer, special-purpose computer, microprocessor, digital signal processor (DSP), and processor based on a multi-core processor architecture, as non-limiting examples. Device 700 can have multiple processors, such as application-specific integrated circuit chips that are time-dependent on a clock synchronized with the main processor.

[0128] Memory 720 may include one or more non-volatile memories and one or more volatile memories. Examples of non-volatile memories include, but are not limited to, read-only memory (ROM) 724, electrically programmable read-only memory (EPROM), flash memory, hard disk, optical disc (CD), digital video disc (DVD), and other magnetic and / or optical storage. Examples of volatile memories include, but are not limited to, random access memory (RAM) 722 and other volatile memories that will not persist during power-off periods.

[0129] Computer program 730 includes computer-executable instructions that are executed by the associated processor 710. Program 730 may be stored in ROM 724. Processor 710 may perform any suitable actions and processes by loading program 730 into RAM 722.

[0130] The embodiments of this disclosure can be implemented via program 730, enabling device 700 to execute reference... Figures 1 to 6 Any process discussed in this disclosure. Embodiments of this disclosure may also be implemented by hardware or by a combination of software and hardware.

[0131] In some example embodiments, program 730 may be tangibly contained in a computer-readable medium (such as in memory 720) that may be included in device 700 or in other storage devices accessible by device 700. Device 700 may load program 730 from the computer-readable medium into RAM 722 for execution. Computer-readable media may include any type of tangible non-volatile storage, such as ROM, EPROM, flash memory, hard disk, CD, DVD, etc.

[0132] Figure 8 A block diagram of an example of a computer-readable medium 700 according to some exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure is shown. The computer-readable medium 700 has a program 730 stored thereon. Note that although the computer-readable medium 800... Figure 8The medium is described as being in the form of a CD or DVD, but the computer-readable medium 800 may be any other form suitable for carrying or storing the program 730.

[0133] In general, the various embodiments of this disclosure can be implemented in hardware or dedicated circuitry, software, logic, or any combination thereof. Some aspects can be implemented in hardware, while others can be implemented in firmware or software that can be executed by a controller, microprocessor, or other computing device. Although various aspects of the embodiments of this disclosure are shown and described as block diagrams, flowcharts, or using some other graphical representation, it should be understood that, as non-limiting examples, the blocks, apparatuses, systems, techniques, or methods described herein can be implemented in hardware, software, firmware, dedicated circuitry or logic, general-purpose hardware or controllers or other computing devices, or some combination thereof.

[0134] This disclosure also provides at least one computer program product tangibly stored on a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium. The computer program product includes computer-executable instructions, such as those included in program modules, which are executed in a device on a target real or virtual processor to perform the functions described above. Figure 4 or Figure 5 Methods 400 or 500 are described. Generally, a program module includes routines, programs, libraries, objects, classes, components, data structures, etc., that perform specific tasks or implement specific abstract data types. The functionality of a program module can be combined or split among program modules as needed in various embodiments. The machine-executable instructions used for a program module can be executed on a local or distributed device. In a distributed device, a program module can reside on both local and remote storage media.

[0135] Program code used to perform the methods of this disclosure may be written in any combination of one or more programming languages. This program code may be provided to a processor or controller of a general-purpose computer, special-purpose computer, or other programmable data processing apparatus, such that when executed by the processor or controller, the program code causes the functions / operations specified in the flowcharts and / or block diagrams to be implemented. The program code may be executed entirely on a machine, partially on a machine, as a standalone software package, partially on a machine and partially on a remote machine, or entirely on a remote machine or server.

[0136] In the context of this disclosure, computer program code or related data may be carried by any suitable carrier to enable a device, apparatus, or processor to perform the various processes and operations described above. Examples of carriers include signals, computer-readable media, etc.

[0137] Computer-readable media can be computer-readable signal media or computer-readable storage media. Computer-readable media can include, but is not limited to, electronic, magnetic, optical, electromagnetic, infrared, or semiconductor systems, apparatuses, or devices, or any suitable combination thereof. More specific examples of computer-readable storage media will include electrical connections having one or more wires, portable computer disks, hard disks, random access memory (RAM), read-only memory (ROM), erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM or flash memory), optical fibers, portable optical disc read-only memory (CD-ROM), optical storage devices, magnetic storage devices, or any suitable combination thereof. As used herein, the term “non-transient” is a limitation on the medium itself (i.e., tangible, not signaling), not a limitation on the persistence of data storage (e.g., RAM and ROM).

[0138] Furthermore, although the operations are depicted in a specific order, this should not be construed as requiring the operations to be performed in the specific order shown or sequentially, or requiring all shown operations to achieve the desired result. In some cases, multitasking and parallel processing may be advantageous. Similarly, while several specific implementation details are included in the foregoing discussion, these should not be construed as limiting the scope of this disclosure, but rather as descriptions of features that may be specific to particular embodiments. Certain features described in the context of individual embodiments may also be implemented in combination in a single embodiment. Conversely, the various features described in the context of a single embodiment may also be implemented individually or in any suitable sub-combination in multiple embodiments.

[0139] Although this disclosure has been described in language specific to structural features and / or methodological actions, it should be understood that the disclosure as defined in the appended claims is not necessarily limited to the specific features or actions described above. Rather, the specific features and actions described above are disclosed as examples of implementing the claims.

Claims

1. A first terminal device, comprising: At least one processor; as well as At least one memory storing instructions, which, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the first terminal device to at least: Determine the side-link (SL) positioning reference signal (PRS) sequence for Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) symbols before the OFDM symbols are configured to transmit SL PRS resources in the resource pool; and Based on the determined SL PRS sequence, a transmission to the second terminal device is performed on the OFDM symbol.

2. The first terminal device according to claim 1, wherein the first terminal device is configured to determine the SL PRS sequence by: Determine a first SL PRS sequence generation identifier (ID) for the SL PRS resource; The second SL PRS sequence generation ID is determined by adding an offset to the first SL PRS sequence generation ID; and Based on the second SL PRS sequence, an ID is generated to generate a 1 symbol sequence.

3. The first terminal device according to claim 2, wherein the first terminal device is further configured to: Based on the fact that the sum of the first SL PRS sequence generated ID and the offset is greater than a predetermined value, the maximum value of the SL PRS sequence generated ID is added by one to perform a modulo operation on the sum to determine the second SL PRS sequence generated ID.

4. The first terminal device according to claim 2 or 3, wherein the value of the offset is one of the following: Pre-configured or configured by network devices; or It is predefined as a fixed integer.

5. The first terminal device according to claim 1, wherein the first terminal device is configured to determine the SL PRS sequence by: The ID is determined by an SL PRS sequence configured with at least one of the following: (i) a higher layer of the first terminal device, or (ii) network configuration or pre-configuration; and Based on the determined SL PRS sequence, an ID is generated, and a 1 symbol sequence is generated.

6. The first terminal device of claim 5, wherein the SL PRS sequence generation ID configured by the network configuration or pre-configuration is received from: Location Management Function (LMF); or Server User Equipment (UE), wherein the server UE is a terminal device that is different from the first terminal device or the second terminal device.

7. The first terminal device according to claim 6, wherein the first terminal device is further configured to: Receive resource element (RE) pattern configuration for the 1 symbol sequence in the frequency domain from the LMF or the server UE.

8. The first terminal device according to claim 1, wherein the first terminal device is configured to determine the SL PRS sequence by: The SL PRS sequence generation ID is determined, and this ID is reserved for the terminal device to generate a 1 symbol sequence for the OFDM symbols preceding the SL PRS resources in the resource pool; and IDs are generated based on the retained SL PRS sequence, and a sequence of 1 symbols is generated.

9. The first terminal device according to claim 8, wherein the first terminal device is configured to determine the retained SL PRS sequence generation ID by: An SL PRS sequence generation ID is selected from a plurality of SL PRS sequence generation IDs to generate a 1 symbol sequence for the OFDM symbol preceding the SL PRS resource in the resource pool, and the plurality of SL PRS sequence generation IDs are reserved for one or more terminal devices.

10. The first terminal device of claim 1, wherein the first terminal device is configured to determine the SL PRS sequence by: The SL PRS sequence is determined by copying one of the symbols in the SL PRS resource used to transmit the OFDM symbol.

11. The first terminal device according to any one of claims 1 to 10, wherein the first terminal device is further configured to: Send information to the second terminal device about the transmission to be performed on the OFDM symbol.

12. The first terminal device according to claim 11, wherein the information indicates at least one of the following: An offset is to be added to the first SL PRS sequence generation ID of the SL PRS resource following the OFDM symbol to obtain a second SL PRS sequence generation ID for the OFDM symbol; The first terminal device generates an ID based on the SL PRS sequence determined for the OFDM symbol; SL PRS sequence generation ID, which is selected from a plurality of SL PRS sequence generation IDs for use with the OFDM symbol, and which is reserved for the terminal device to generate a 1 symbol sequence for the OFDM symbol preceding the SLPRS resource in the resource pool; or One of the symbols in the SL PRS resource used to send the OFDM symbol is copied for use with the OFDM symbol.

13. The first terminal device according to claim 11 or 12, wherein the information is transmitted via at least one of the following: Side link control information (SCI); Media Access Control (MAC) Control Element (CE); Side Link Positioning Protocol (SLPP) message; or Radio Resource Control (RRC) message.

14. The first terminal device according to any one of claims 1 to 13, wherein the first terminal device is further configured to: The SL PRS resource following the OFDM symbol is used to send the SL PRS to the second terminal device.

15. The first terminal device according to any one of claims 1 to 14, wherein the OFDM symbol is used for automatic gain control (AGC) at the second terminal device.

16. The first terminal device according to any one of claims 1 to 15, wherein the SL PRS sequence is a pseudo-random noise (PN) sequence or a Zadoff-Chu (ZC) sequence.

17. The first terminal device according to any one of claims 1 to 16, wherein: The first terminal device or the second device is respectively an anchor UE or a target UE, or The first terminal device or the second device is either the target UE or the anchor UE.

18. A second terminal device, comprising: At least one processor; as well as At least one memory storing instructions, which, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the second terminal device to at least: Obtain information about the transmission to be performed by the first terminal device on orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) symbols before the OFDM symbols are configured for transmitting side link (SL) positioning reference signal (PRS) resources in a resource pool for SL PRS; and Based on the acquired information, the transmission on the OFDM symbol is received from the first terminal device.

19. The second terminal device according to claim 18, wherein the second terminal device is further configured to: Based on the transmission received on the OFDM symbol, adjust the amplifier gain to receive SL PRS from the first terminal device; and The SL PRS is received from the first terminal device based on the adjusted gain of the amplifier.

20. The second terminal device according to claim 18 or 19, wherein the second terminal device is configured to acquire the information by: Receive the information from the first terminal device.

21. The second terminal device according to claim 18, wherein the information indicates at least one of the following: An offset is to be added to the first SL PRS sequence generation ID of the SL PRS resource following the OFDM symbol to obtain a second SL PRS sequence generation ID for the OFDM symbol; The first terminal device generates an ID based on the SL PRS sequence determined for the OFDM symbol; SL PRS sequence generation ID, which is selected from a plurality of SL PRS sequence generation IDs for use with the OFDM symbol, and which is reserved for the terminal device to generate a 1 symbol sequence for the OFDM symbol preceding the SLPRS resource in the resource pool; or One of the symbols in the SL PRS resource used to send the OFDM symbol, wherein the symbol will be copied for use in the OFDM symbol.

22. The second terminal device according to claim 20 or 21, wherein the information is received via at least one of: Side link control information (SCI); Media Access Control (MAC) Control Element (CE); Side Link Positioning Protocol (SLPP) message; or Radio Resource Control (RRC) message.

23. The second terminal device according to any one of claims 18 to 22, wherein the OFDM symbol is used for automatic gain control (AGC) at the second terminal device.

24. The second terminal device according to any one of claims 18 to 23, wherein the SL PRS sequence is a pseudo-random noise (PN) sequence or a Zadoff-Chu (ZC) sequence.

25. The second terminal device according to any one of claims 18 to 24, wherein: The first terminal device or the second terminal device is either the anchor UE or the target UE, or The first terminal device or the second device is either the target UE or the anchor UE.

26. A method comprising: At the first terminal device, a side-link (SL) positioning reference signal (PRS) sequence for orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) symbols is determined before the OFDM symbols are configured to transmit SL PRS resources in a resource pool; and Based on the determined SL PRS sequence, a transmission to the second terminal device is performed on the OFDM symbol.

27. A method comprising: At the second terminal device, information regarding the transmission to be performed by the first terminal device on Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) symbols is obtained before the OFDM symbols are configured to transmit Side Link (SL) Positioning Reference Signal (PRS) resources in the resource pool for SL PRS; and Based on the acquired information, the transmission on the OFDM symbol is received from the first terminal device.

28. An apparatus comprising: Components for determining, at a first terminal device, a side-link (SL) positioning reference signal (PRS) sequence for an OFDM symbol before the OFDM symbol is configured to transmit SL PRS resources in a resource pool; and A component for performing a transmission to a second terminal device on the OFDM symbol based on the determined SL PRS sequence.

29. An apparatus comprising: Components for obtaining, at a second terminal device, information about a transmission to be performed by the first terminal device on Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) symbols before the OFDM symbols are configured to transmit Side Link (SL) Positioning Reference Signal (PRS) resources in a resource pool for SL PRS; and A component for receiving the transmission on the OFDM symbol from the first terminal device based on the acquired information.

30. A non-transitory computer-readable medium comprising program instructions that, when executed by a device, cause the device to perform at least the method according to claim 26 or 27.

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