Laser powder bed melting additive manufacturing powder intensive deformation amplification device and mounting method

Abstract

The invention provides a laser powder bed melting additive manufacturing powder intensive deformation amplification device and an installation method, and the laser powder bed melting additive manufacturing powder intensive deformation amplification device comprises a first substrate which is configured to be installed on an operation platform of laser powder bed melting equipment; the first fixing piece is used for fixing the first base plate on a working platform; the second substrate is arranged on one side, far away from the working platform, of the first substrate and is used for bearing at least one test piece; the second fixing piece is used for detachably fixing the second base plate to the side, away from the working platform, of the first base plate; the third fixing part is used for fixing a plurality of test pieces on one side, far away from the first substrate, of the second substrate; and the limiting piece is arranged on the first substrate and is used for positioning the second substrate when the second substrate is mounted relative to the first substrate. The method has the effects of reducing the test cost, improving the test efficiency and improving the adaptability.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of metal additive manufacturing technology, and in particular to a laser powder bed fusion additive manufacturing powder intensive deformation amplification device and its installation method. Background Technology

[0002] Laser powder bed melting (LBD) technology, as an important forming process in the field of metal additive manufacturing, has been widely used in the manufacturing of complex components in aerospace, high-end equipment, and biomedicine due to its high degree of forming freedom and excellent adaptability to complex three-dimensional structures. In this process, metal powder is selectively melted and rapidly solidified by a high-energy-density laser beam after being deposited in thin layers, thus achieving layer-by-layer stacking. However, during this process, due to the significant temperature gradient between the local high-temperature molten pool and the surrounding unmelted material, and the resulting non-uniform shrinkage behavior, large residual stresses and macroscopic deformations are easily generated inside and on the surface of the formed component. These residual stresses not only cause deterioration in the dimensional accuracy and surface quality of the parts, but may also lead to premature failure or even cracking during service, becoming one of the key factors restricting the further promotion and application of metal additive manufacturing.

[0003] To characterize and evaluate residual stress and deformation in laser powder bed fused composite components, current techniques mainly include the step-by-step drilling method, the cantilever beam method, and characterization methods based on non-destructive testing (NDT). The step-by-step drilling method typically involves attaching strain gauges to the component surface and gradually releasing local residual stress through staged drilling. The stress distribution at different depths is then deduced from the strain changes, offering a certain level of accuracy in obtaining local residual stress curves. The cantilever beam method involves printing a cantilever configuration with supporting structures. After removing the supports, the warpage of the cantilever is measured to indirectly reflect the overall residual stress level of the component. This method offers intuitive results and good repeatability. Furthermore, there are schemes that utilize NDT techniques such as X-ray diffraction and neutron diffraction to obtain the three-dimensional distribution of residual stress, allowing for characterization of the internal stress state without damaging the component.

[0004] However, the aforementioned methods still face several common challenges in practical applications. Firstly, methods like the cantilever beam method and bridge specimen method often require printing large, specialized specimens or load-bearing components, resulting in high powder consumption, long equipment downtime, and consequently, high material and printing costs. The step-by-step drilling method requires placing strain gauges on the component surface and performing drilling and post-processing operations, while the cantilever beam method necessitates a cutting and release step, making the overall experimental process cumbersome and complex. Secondly, regardless of whether the method is based on a specialized configuration or relies on high-end non-destructive testing equipment, a single test typically only assesses a single configuration or a limited set of conditions. Comparing residual stress and deformation patterns under different geometric configurations or process parameters often requires repeated printing and testing, leading to low efficiency. Furthermore, the step-by-step drilling method places high demands on the surface quality and thickness of the component, limiting its applicability to complex geometries or thin-walled structures. Cantilever beam methods rely on specific standardized configurations, and their test results differ from those of actual engineering parts, making it difficult to directly map them onto real service structures, thus limiting their widespread application in engineering and process optimization. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To overcome the problems of high material costs, complex processes, low efficiency, and poor adaptability in related technologies, this application provides a laser powder bed fusion additive manufacturing powder intensive deformation amplification device and installation method.

[0006] According to a first aspect of the embodiments of this application, a laser powder bed fusion additive manufacturing powder intensive deformation amplification apparatus is provided, comprising: The first substrate is configured to be mounted on the working platform of a laser powder bed melting device; The first fixing member is used to fix the first base plate to the working platform; The second substrate, disposed on the side of the first substrate away from the work platform, is configured to support at least one specimen; The second fastener is used to detachably fix the second substrate to the side of the first substrate away from the work platform; The third fastener is used to fix the plurality of specimens to the side of the second substrate away from the first substrate; A limiting member is disposed on the first substrate and is used to position the second substrate when the second substrate is mounted relative to the first substrate.

[0007] In this embodiment, when using the laser powder bed fusion additive manufacturing powder compact deformation amplification device, firstly, the first substrate is fixed to the working platform of the laser powder bed fusion equipment using a first fixing member, ensuring a stable and reliable mounting posture of the first substrate relative to the working platform. Then, outside the equipment or in a non-working state, multiple specimens are pre-fixed to the side of the second substrate away from the first substrate using a third fixing member, ensuring that the spatial positional relationship of each specimen on the second substrate is determined and remains unchanged. After completing the pre-assembly of the specimens, the second substrate is moved to the side of the first substrate away from the working platform, and then installed along a predetermined direction... The second substrate approaches the first substrate. During this process, the limiting member set on the first substrate guides and limits the installation posture and termination position of the second substrate, so that the second substrate can be accurately positioned when it is attached to the first substrate. After the second substrate is guided to the target position by the limiting member, the second substrate is detachably locked to the side of the first substrate away from the working platform by the second fixing member, thereby forming an integral structure consisting of the working platform, the first substrate and the second substrate carrying multiple test pieces. The second substrate is heated, cooled and deformed together with the working platform under the laser powder bed melting and forming condition, so as to intensively amplify and characterize the deformation of the test pieces.

[0008] By pre-fixing multiple specimens to the side of the second substrate away from the first substrate using a third fastener before the second substrate is installed onto the first substrate, the operational difficulties and positioning errors caused by installing specimens one by one in the equipment's working space are avoided, which is beneficial to improving the consistency and arrangement accuracy of specimen assembly. The first substrate is reliably connected to the working platform with the first fastener, providing a stable reference for the device. The second substrate achieves precise and repeatable positioning relative to the first substrate under the guidance and limiting action of the limiting component, and is firmly locked by the second fastener. This ensures that the second substrate carrying multiple specimens can maintain the consistency of the relative positional relationship after multiple installations, disassemblies, or equipment start-ups and shutdowns, which is beneficial for high-precision measurement and repeatable comparison of specimen deformation. Multiple specimens are concentrated on the side of the second substrate away from the first substrate, which can achieve simultaneous testing of multiple specimens under the same process parameters and the same forming batch, significantly improving test efficiency and the reliability of data statistics. The overall structure, through layered support and precise positioning, does not damage the original accuracy of the equipment's working platform and is easy to promote and use under different equipment and different test schemes, thereby reducing the difficulty and cost of test layout and improving adaptability to the needs of powder-intensive deformation amplification measurement.

[0009] In some embodiments of this disclosure, based on the foregoing scheme, the plurality of test specimens include a first test specimen group, a second test specimen group, and a third test specimen group; The first test specimen group includes multiple first test specimens arranged along a first direction; the second test specimen group includes multiple second test specimens arranged along a second direction, wherein the first direction is perpendicular to the second direction; and the third test specimen group includes multiple third test specimens arranged along a third direction, wherein the third direction is located within the angle range formed by the first direction and the second direction, and is different from the first direction and the second direction.

[0010] In this embodiment, by dividing multiple specimens into a first specimen group, a second specimen group, and a third specimen group arranged in different directions, the device can simultaneously obtain deformation responses along the first direction, the second direction, and a third direction within the angle range between the two under the same forming condition. This allows for characterization of the anisotropic distribution of residual stress and deformation in different directions during laser powder bed melting, identifying the direction most sensitive to deformation or where stress is concentrated. Furthermore, by comparing and analyzing the deformation amounts of specimens in the three directions, the deformation trend and amplification law of the part in any spatial direction can be deduced, thus covering richer directional information with a limited number of specimens and improving the completeness and representativeness of the test data. In addition, the simultaneous preparation and testing of multi-directional specimens on the same equipment and a single second substrate avoids process fluctuations caused by repeated arrangement and printing, reducing testing time and cost, and enhancing the versatility and applicability of this powder-intensive deformation amplification device in assessing residual stress in different structural forms and loading directions.

[0011] In some embodiments of this disclosure, based on the aforementioned scheme, the first fixing member includes a plurality of first fixing bolts; when the first substrate is fixed, the first fixing bolts pass through the first substrate and are threadedly connected to the work platform.

[0012] In this embodiment, by defining the first fixing member as a plurality of first fixing bolts that pass through the first base plate and are threadedly connected to the work platform, the connection between the first base plate and the work platform is made detachable. The operator only needs to perform simple tightening or loosening of the first fixing bolts to complete the installation and disassembly of the device, avoiding the irreversible or cumbersome problems caused by welding, gluing or integrated pressure plate, etc. This allows for convenient and quick clamping and disassembly during equipment maintenance, work platform cleaning and replacement of different testing devices, improving on-site operation convenience and shortening downtime adjustment time.

[0013] In some embodiments of this disclosure, based on the foregoing solution, the first substrate is provided with mounting holes corresponding to the first fixing bolt; In the fixed state, the plane where the nut of the first fixing bolt is located is not higher than the plane where the first substrate is located.

[0014] In this embodiment, by providing mounting holes corresponding to the first fixing bolt on the first substrate, and limiting the plane of the first fixing bolt nut to not being higher than the plane of the first substrate when fixed, the nut will not protrude above the upper surface of the first substrate after tightening. This avoids interference with the second substrate, clamps, or other components subsequently installed above the first substrate, allowing the second substrate to be placed close to the first substrate, ensuring the overall assembly flatness and uniform force distribution of the device. Furthermore, the nut being accommodated within the mounting hole or its partially recessed structure reduces the risk of collision between the nut and components such as the powder spreading mechanism and cleaning tools during operation, thus minimizing the possibility of accidental scratches and damage. In addition, this structure can reliably fix the first substrate without increasing the overall height of the device, facilitating device arrangement and operation within a limited space.

[0015] In some embodiments of this disclosure, based on the foregoing scheme, the limiting member includes a plurality of limiting pins disposed along the first direction and a plurality of limiting pins disposed along the second direction; The plurality of limiting pins along the first direction and the plurality of limiting pins along the second direction together form a limiting space for limiting the second substrate. When the second substrate is mounted, the limiting pins are in contact with the sidewall of the second substrate.

[0016] In this embodiment, by setting multiple limiting pins along the first and second directions respectively, and having two sets of limiting pins together forming a limiting space for limiting the second substrate, the second substrate can be self-aligned and positioned simply by being pushed into the space enclosed by the limiting pins in a predetermined direction during installation. This eliminates the need for repeated alignment or reliance on complex measurement and adjustment structures, significantly simplifying the clamping operation. During disassembly, the operator only needs to loosen the connector used to fix the second substrate and remove the second substrate from the limiting space in the opposite direction, without requiring additional disassembly or assembly of the limiting components. Thus, the limiting space formed by the limiting pins serves both as a guide and as lateral support, making the loading and unloading process of the second substrate an "insert / extract" operation. This shortens the time required for installation and disassembly, reduces the difficulty of on-site operation, and facilitates convenient and efficient replacement and arrangement in scenarios with frequent debugging or multiple batch testing.

[0017] In some embodiments of this disclosure, based on the foregoing solution, the second fastener includes a plurality of second fastening bolts; When the second substrate is fixed, the second fixing bolt passes through the second substrate and is threadedly connected to the first substrate.

[0018] In this embodiment, by setting the second fixing member as a plurality of second fixing bolts that pass through the second substrate and are threadedly connected to the first substrate, the second substrate and the first substrate are detachable bolted connection structures. During installation, the operator only needs to insert and tighten the second fixing bolts above the second substrate to lock the second substrate in a predetermined position. During disassembly, the second substrate can be removed from the first substrate by simply loosening the second fixing bolts. There is no need to disassemble other structures or make complicated adjustments. The operation steps are intuitive and the tool requirements are low. It is convenient to quickly clamp and disassemble in a limited space, which helps to shorten the device installation and commissioning time and reduce the difficulty of on-site operation.

[0019] In some embodiments of this disclosure, based on the foregoing scheme, the third fastener includes a plurality of third fastening bolts; When the specimen is fixed, the third fixing bolt passes through the second substrate from the side of the second substrate closest to the first substrate and is threadedly connected to the specimen.

[0020] In this embodiment, before assembling the second substrate with the first substrate, the second substrate is placed in a predetermined posture, with the side of the second substrate away from the first substrate used to support the test specimen. The test specimen to be installed is attached to this side, and the threaded hole on the test specimen corresponds to the through hole on the second substrate. Then, from the side of the second substrate closer to the first substrate, the third fixing bolts are sequentially inserted into the corresponding through holes, so that the third fixing bolts pass through the second substrate and are screwed into the threaded hole on the test specimen. The third fixing bolts are tightened with a tool on the side of the second substrate closer to the first substrate until the test specimen is reliably locked on the side of the second substrate away from the first substrate, thereby completing the fixed installation of multiple test specimens.

[0021] With the above structure and installation method, the third fixing bolt is inserted from the side of the second substrate closer to the first substrate and threadedly connected to the specimen. This ensures that the bolt head or tool operating surface is not exposed on the side of the second substrate away from the first substrate, which helps maintain the flatness and continuity of the outer surface area of ​​the specimen and avoids interference from the bolt head to powder coating, forming scanning, and deformation observation. At the same time, the operator only needs to complete all bolt tightening operations on the side of the second substrate closer to the first substrate, which facilitates the centralized arrangement of operating space and tools, simplifies assembly actions, reduces assembly difficulty, and improves assembly efficiency and reliability when fixing specimens in batches.

[0022] In some embodiments of this disclosure, based on the foregoing scheme, the second substrate has mounting marks corresponding to the plurality of test pieces on the side away from the first substrate.

[0023] In this embodiment, by setting mounting marks corresponding to multiple specimens on the side of the second substrate away from the first substrate, the operator can directly visually align the predetermined position and orientation of the specimens according to the mounting marks when installing the specimens, without the need for additional measuring tools or repeated measurements, which helps to improve the consistency and repeatability of specimen arrangement. At the same time, the mounting marks clearly indicate the theoretical installation position of the specimens in the form of graphics or line marks, which can effectively reduce the positional deviation caused by manual visual positioning and reduce the discrete error of specimens in different batches or different operators during installation, thereby helping to improve the accuracy and reliability of subsequent deformation measurement and comparative analysis.

[0024] According to a second aspect of the embodiments of this application, a method for installing a laser powder bed fusion additive manufacturing powder intensive deformation amplification device is provided, the method comprising: The first substrate is fixed to the work platform by the first fastener; The second substrate is mounted on the side of the first substrate away from the work platform using a second fastener; Mounting marks for multiple specimens are prepared on the side of the second substrate away from the first substrate; Remove the second substrate from the first substrate; Multiple specimens are mounted on the side of the second substrate away from the first substrate, and each specimen is aligned and fixed with the corresponding mounting mark; The second substrate on which the test piece is mounted is remounted onto the first substrate using the second fastener.

[0025] In some embodiments of this disclosure, based on the foregoing scheme, when a mounting mark is prepared on the side of the second substrate away from the first substrate, the mounting mark includes a first sub-mark extending along a first direction, a second sub-mark extending along a second direction, and a third sub-mark extending along a third direction. Wherein, the first direction is perpendicular to the second direction, the third direction is located within the angle range formed by the first direction and the second direction and is different from the first direction and the second direction, and the plurality of specimens are respectively installed at the corresponding positions of the first sub-marker, the second sub-marker and the third sub-marker.

[0026] In this embodiment, mounting marks are prepared on the side of the second substrate away from the first substrate, consisting of a first sub-marker along a first direction, a second sub-marker along a second direction, and a third sub-marker along a third direction. Multiple specimens are then mounted at the corresponding sub-mark positions, ensuring a one-to-one correspondence between specimens in different directions and their respective sub-markers. This achieves a clear correspondence between the specimen mounting direction and its expected stress / deformation direction. On one hand, this arrangement provides clear and independent directional references for the first, second, and third specimen groups, preventing mixing or directional deviation of specimens in different directions during installation, thus ensuring accurate and consistent mounting postures for each group. On the other hand, the sub-markers in the three directions share the same substrate plane and the same coordinate reference system, which, while ensuring directional differentiation among the specimen groups, reduces relative positional errors between specimens in different directions. This improves the comparability of multi-directional residual stress / deformation test results and the accuracy of directional analysis, and facilitates direct identification of the specimen's orientation based on the sub-marks, reducing the probability of errors during manual identification and data processing.

[0027] The technical solutions provided by the embodiments of this application may include the following beneficial effects: In this embodiment of the application, the above-described structural configuration can achieve at least the following beneficial effects: By setting a first substrate on the working platform and reliably fixing it with a first fastener, the deformation amplification device has a stable and repeatable reference mounting plane, which is beneficial for the consistency control of test conditions in different batches. By setting a detachable second substrate above the first substrate and detachably fixing the second substrate to the first substrate with a second fastener, it is not only convenient to install, remove, and adjust specimens individually on the second substrate, reducing repeated operations on the equipment body and the first substrate, but also allows only the second substrate to be replaced or removed when changing different specimen configurations, saving printing and clamping preparation time. By setting a third fastener to fix multiple specimens uniformly on the side of the second substrate away from the first substrate, specimens with multiple configurations or multiple placement directions can be simultaneously formed and deformed under the same reference conditions, which is convenient for comparative analysis. By setting a limiting component on the first substrate and positioning it during the installation of the second substrate, the installation position relative to the first substrate can be kept consistent during multiple loading and unloading of the second substrate, thereby improving the repeatability and positioning accuracy of specimen clamping, ensuring the comparability and reliability of deformation test results between different test rounds, and thus improving the efficiency and data quality of residual stress and deformation research.

[0028] It should be understood that the above general description and the following detailed description are exemplary and explanatory only, and do not limit this application. Attached Figure Description

[0029] The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this application, illustrate embodiments consistent with this application and, together with the application, serve to explain the principles of this application.

[0030] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the laser powder bed fusion additive manufacturing powder intensive deformation amplification device of this application.

[0031] Figure 2 yes Figure 1 Enlarged view of part A.

[0032] Figure 3 This is a top view of the laser powder bed fusion additive manufacturing powder intensive deformation amplification device of this application.

[0033] Figure 4 This is an exploded view of the laser powder bed fusion additive manufacturing powder intensive deformation amplification device of this application.

[0034] Figure 5 This is a cross-sectional view of the laser powder bed fusion additive manufacturing powder intensive deformation amplification device of this application.

[0035] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures: 1. First substrate; 11. Mounting hole; 2. First fastener; 21. First fixing bolt; 3. Second substrate; 4. Second fastener; 41. Second fixing bolt; 5. Third fastener; 51. Third fixing bolt; 6. Limiting component; 61. Limiting pin; 7. Specimen; 71. First specimen group; 711. First specimen; 72. Second specimen group; 721. Second specimen; 73. Third specimen group; 731. Third specimen; 8. Mounting mark; 81. First sub-mark; 82. Second sub-mark; 83. Third sub-mark; X, First direction; Y, Second direction; Z, Third direction. Detailed Implementation

[0036] Exemplary embodiments will now be described in detail, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings. When the following description relates to the drawings, unless otherwise indicated, the same numbers in different drawings denote the same or similar elements. The embodiments described in the following exemplary embodiments do not represent all embodiments consistent with this application. Rather, they are merely examples of apparatuses and methods consistent with some aspects of this application as detailed in the appended claims.

[0037] The terminology used in this application is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the application. The singular forms “a,” “the,” and “the” used in this application and the appended claims are also intended to include the plural forms unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. It should also be understood that the term “and / or” as used herein refers to and includes any or all possible combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.

[0038] It should be understood that although the terms first, second, third, etc., may be used in this application to describe various information, such information should not be limited to these terms. These terms are only used to distinguish information of the same type from one another. For example, without departing from the scope of this application, first information may also be referred to as second information, and similarly, second information may also be referred to as first information. Depending on the context, the word "if" as used herein may be interpreted as "when," "when," or "in response to determination."

[0039] Existing techniques for characterizing residual stress and deformation in laser powder bed fusion molding still have significant shortcomings: On the one hand, whether it is the cantilever beam method, the bridge specimen method, or a dedicated comparative specimen scheme, it usually requires printing large-volume load-bearing components, resulting in high powder and machine time consumption, high cost per test, and the need to reprint and re-clamp specimens for each change in configuration or process parameters, leading to low testing efficiency; on the other hand, the step-by-step drilling method has high requirements for specimen surface quality and thickness, making it difficult to apply to complex shapes or thin-walled structures, while cantilever beam methods rely on specific geometric configurations, making it difficult to directly map test results to real parts, and lacking rapid and repeatable comparison conditions on the same benchmark platform between different configurations, making it difficult to balance material utilization, experimental efficiency, comparability of results, and engineering relevance.

[0040] Based on this, see Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 3 as well as Figure 4This application provides a laser powder bed fusion additive manufacturing powder compact deformation amplification device. The laser powder bed fusion additive manufacturing powder compact deformation amplification device includes a first substrate 1, a second substrate 3, a first fixing member 2, a second fixing member 4, a third fixing member 5, and a limiting member 6. The first substrate 1 is configured to be mounted on the working platform of a laser powder bed fusion equipment. The first fixing member 2 is used to fix the first substrate 1 to the working platform. The second substrate 3 is disposed on the side of the first substrate 1 away from the working platform and is configured to carry at least one specimen 7. The second fixing member 4 is used to detachably fix the second substrate 3 to the side of the first substrate 1 away from the working platform. The third fixing member 5 is used to fix multiple specimens 7 to the side of the second substrate 3 away from the first substrate 1. The limiting member 6 is disposed on the first substrate 1 and is used to position the second substrate 3 when it is installed relative to the first substrate 1.

[0041] In this embodiment, the first substrate 1 serves as a long-term reference plate matching the working platform of the laser powder bed melting equipment. It is fixed to the working platform once by the first fixing member 2, forming a stable and uniform reference plane. The second substrate 3 is installed on the side of the first substrate 1 away from the working platform by the second fixing member 4, and is positioned by the limiting member 6 on the first substrate 1 during installation, ensuring that the spatial position of the second substrate 3 remains consistent during multiple loading and unloading processes. Based on this, the specimen is pre-made by machining and fixed to the side of the second substrate 3 away from the first substrate 1. In subsequent tests, only a few layers or a structure of a limited height need to be printed as needed in the additive area of ​​the machined specimen 7 to obtain the deformation amplification effect caused by residual stress, eliminating the need to repeatedly use additive manufacturing to print large-volume enlarged specimen bodies. Thus, on the one hand, the long-term fixation of the first substrate 1 and the repeatable positioning structure of the second substrate 3 ensure the consistency of test conditions across different rounds; on the other hand, by replacing large-volume additive forming with machining and performing only local additive printing on the second substrate 3, powder consumption and equipment time are significantly reduced, improving test efficiency and lowering overall testing costs.

[0042] In some embodiments of this disclosure, see Figure 3 The plurality of test specimens 7 include a first test specimen group 71, a second test specimen group 72, and a third test specimen group 73; wherein, the first test specimen group 71 includes a plurality of first test specimens 711 arranged along a first direction X; the second test specimen group 72 includes a plurality of second test specimens 721 arranged along a second direction Y, wherein the first direction X is perpendicular to the second direction Y; the third test specimen group 73 includes a plurality of third test specimens 731 arranged along a third direction Z, wherein the third direction Z is located within the angle range enclosed by the first direction X and the second direction Y, and is different from the first direction X and the second direction Y.

[0043] In a specific embodiment, the first direction X can be defined as a zero-degree arrangement direction relative to the reference edge of the second substrate 3; the second direction Y can be defined as a ninety-degree arrangement direction perpendicular to the first direction X; and the third direction Z is located in the angle range between zero and ninety degrees. In some examples, the third direction Z can be selected as forty-five degrees to characterize the deformation caused by residual stress in the intermediate placement direction between the first direction X and the second direction Y.

[0044] By arranging the three sets of specimens 7 in the above-mentioned directions, the residual stress deformation response along the zero-degree direction, the ninety-degree direction, and the intermediate direction between them can be obtained simultaneously under the same second substrate 3, the same printing batch, and the same process parameters. This avoids the need for printing specimens separately for different directions and repeated clamping operations. On the one hand, this arrangement is beneficial for directly comparing the deformation amplification effect under different placement directions during a single forming process, improving the experimental efficiency of multi-angle residual stress characterization. On the other hand, since the specimens 7 in the three directions are under completely consistent forming environment and substrate constraints, interference factors caused by batch differences, platform installation errors, etc., are reduced, which helps to more realistically reflect the influence of scanning direction and component anisotropy on stress and deformation, and improves the reliability and engineering reference value of the comparison results.

[0045] In some embodiments of this disclosure, see Figure 1 , Figure 2 The first fixing member 2 includes a plurality of first fixing bolts 21. When the first substrate 1 is fixed, the first fixing bolts 21 pass through the first substrate 1 and are threadedly connected to the working platform. In actual installation, the first substrate 1 can be placed at a predetermined position on the working platform of the laser powder bed melting equipment, and then the plurality of first fixing bolts 21 are sequentially passed through the first substrate 1 and threadedly connected to the working platform of the equipment. By tightening each first fixing bolt 21, a stable connection is formed between the first substrate 1 and the working platform, thereby achieving reliable fixing of the first substrate 1 relative to the working platform.

[0046] In some embodiments, the number of first fixing bolts 21 used to fix the first substrate 1 is not limited, and can be set according to the size, weight and load-bearing requirements of the first substrate 1. For example, there can be four, six or more bolts, as long as the first substrate 1 can maintain sufficient support rigidity and installation stability during equipment operation and component forming.

[0047] In other embodiments, the first fixing member 2 is not limited to being implemented in the form of the first fixing bolt 21. Other fastening structures that enable the first base plate 1 to be detachably fixed to the work platform can also be used. For example, the first base plate 1 can be connected to the work platform by a clamping structure, a pressure plate with fasteners or other mechanical locking components. As long as reliable fixing and easy disassembly and assembly can be achieved, they can all be used as alternative implementations of the first fixing member 2.

[0048] Furthermore, in some embodiments, the first substrate 1 is provided with mounting holes 11 corresponding to the first fixing bolt 21; in the fixed state, the plane where the nut of the first fixing bolt 21 is located is not higher than the plane where the first substrate 1 is located.

[0049] As an example, see Figure 1 , Figure 2 The mounting hole 11 can be set as a stepped hole. Through the above design, on the one hand, the stepped hole is used to segment and limit the screw part and nut part of the first fixing bolt 21, so that the nut can sink into the interior of the first substrate 1, avoiding the nut from protruding from the upper surface of the first substrate 1 and interfering with the installation of the second substrate 3 or other components, thus ensuring the flatness of the upper surface of the first substrate 1 and the reliability of its role as a reference surface; on the other hand, without affecting the arrangement space on the upper surface, a nut structure with a more suitable size and more sufficient force can be selected to improve the clamping force and connection stability between the first substrate 1 and the equipment operating platform, which is conducive to reducing vibration and displacement during the forming process and improving the consistency and reliability of the test results.

[0050] In some embodiments of this disclosure, see Figure 3 The limiting member 6 includes a plurality of limiting pins 61 arranged along the first direction X and a plurality of limiting pins 61 arranged along the second direction Y; the plurality of limiting pins 61 along the first direction X and the plurality of limiting pins 61 along the second direction Y together form a limiting space for limiting the second substrate 3, and when the second substrate 3 is installed, the limiting pins 61 are in contact with the sidewall of the second substrate 3.

[0051] In actual installation, multiple limiting pins 61 can be pre-fixed on the first substrate 1, so that they are arranged in a rectangular or frame-like manner along the first direction X and the second direction Y in the plane, thereby forming a limiting space on the first substrate 1 to accommodate the second substrate 3; when installing the second substrate 3, the second substrate 3 is placed in the limiting space from above, so that the opposite two sides of the second substrate 3 abut against the limiting pins 61 and the contact surface of the limiting pins 61 respectively, thereby completing the positioning and limiting of the second substrate 3 in the plane.

[0052] By setting the above-mentioned limiting structure, on the one hand, the cooperation of the limiting pin 61 with the limiting pin 61 in two orthogonal directions can be used to bidirectionally constrain the planar position of the second substrate 3, avoiding translational or angular displacement of the second substrate 3 during installation, and significantly improving the positional consistency of the second substrate 3 when repeatedly clamped; on the other hand, when installing the second substrate 3, the operator only needs to press its side wall against the limiting pin 61, without repeated adjustments, to achieve a quick and intuitive alignment operation, which helps to shorten the clamping time, reduce clamping errors, and provide a reliable guarantee for the comparability and repeatability of the deformation test results of the subsequent specimen 7.

[0053] It should be noted that this disclosure does not limit the specific number of the limiting pins 61 provided along the first direction X and the limiting pins 61 provided along the second direction Y. The number can be designed according to the external dimensions, weight and positioning accuracy requirements of the second substrate 3. In some embodiments, two or more limiting pins 61 can be provided along each direction. Alternatively, continuous limiting strips, limiting blocks or other equivalent limiting structures can be used as needed. As long as the sidewall of the second substrate 3 can form reliable contact with the limiting member 6 and achieve the predetermined limiting and positioning functions when the second substrate 3 is installed, it is within the protection scope of this disclosure.

[0054] In some embodiments of this disclosure, see Figure 3 The second fixing member 4 includes a plurality of second fixing bolts 41; when the second substrate 3 is fixed, the second fixing bolts 41 pass through the second substrate 3 and are threadedly connected to the first substrate 1.

[0055] In actual assembly, the second substrate 3 can be placed on the side of the first substrate 1 away from the work platform, so that the through hole on the second substrate 3 is aligned with the corresponding threaded hole on the first substrate 1. Then, multiple second fixing bolts 41 are passed through the second substrate 3 from the side of the second substrate 3 away from the first substrate 1 and screwed into the threaded hole on the first substrate 1. By tightening each second fixing bolt 41, the second substrate 3 is reliably clamped relative to the first substrate 1 in both the axial and radial directions, thereby realizing the second substrate 3 being stably installed on the first substrate 1.

[0056] In some embodiments, the number of second fixing bolts 41 used to fix the second substrate 3 is not limited to a specific value. It can be set according to the geometry of the second substrate 3, the number of test pieces 7 to be carried, and the required connection strength. For example, there can be four, six or more bolts. They can be distributed along the periphery of the second substrate 3 or the key stress area. As long as the second substrate 3 can maintain sufficient support rigidity and installation stability during equipment operation and printing, it can be considered to meet the requirements of this disclosure.

[0057] In other embodiments, the second fixing member 4 is not limited to being implemented in the form of a second fixing bolt 41. Other connection structures that can detachably fix the second substrate 3 to the first substrate 1 can also be used, such as a clamping structure with a pressure plate and a fastening screw, a combination structure with a positioning pin and a locking nut, a quick clamping mechanism, or a locking component that cooperates with a T-slot. As long as the second substrate 3 can be reliably fixed relative to the first substrate 1 and is easy to disassemble and maintain, it can be used as an equivalent alternative to the second fixing member 4.

[0058] In some embodiments of this disclosure, see Figure 4 The third fixing member 5 includes a plurality of third fixing bolts 51; when the specimen 7 is fixed, the third fixing bolts 51 pass through the second substrate 3 from the side of the second substrate 3 near the first substrate 1 and are threadedly connected to the specimen 7.

[0059] In the actual assembly process, the second substrate 3 can be removed from the first substrate 1 firstly, and the specimen 7 to be installed can be placed at a predetermined position on the side of the second substrate 3 away from the first substrate 1. Then, the third fixing bolt 51 can be passed through the second substrate 3 in sequence from the side of the second substrate 3 close to the first substrate 1. After passing through the second substrate 3, it can be engaged with the threaded hole on the corresponding specimen 7 and tightened. The specimen 7 can be reliably fixed on the side of the second substrate 3 away from the first substrate 1 by locking from bottom to top, so as to achieve stable installation of the specimen 7 relative to the second substrate 3.

[0060] In some embodiments, the number of third fixing bolts 51 used to fix the specimen 7 is not limited. They can be reasonably configured according to the number of specimens 7 arranged on the second substrate 3, the external dimensions of a single specimen 7, and the requirements for fixing stability. A number of third fixing bolts 51 can correspond to multiple specimens 7 respectively, or multiple third fixing bolts 51 can fix the same specimen 7 together. As long as the positional stability and vibration resistance of each specimen 7 can be guaranteed in the subsequent handling and forming process, it can be regarded as meeting the requirements of this disclosure.

[0061] In other embodiments, the third fixing member 5 is not limited to the third fixing bolt 51 as the connection form. Other fixing structures that can detachably fix the specimen 7 to the second base plate 3 can also be used, such as a clamping structure with a pressure plate and fastening screw, a combination structure with a positioning pin and locking member, a special clamping fixture or other mechanical locking components. As long as the specimen 7 can be reliably fixed relative to the second base plate 3 and is easy to disassemble and maintain, it can be regarded as an equivalent alternative to the third fixing member 5.

[0062] In some embodiments of this disclosure, see Figure 3The second substrate 3 has mounting marks 8 corresponding to multiple specimens 7 on the side away from the first substrate 1. This arrangement, by pre-setting mounting marks 8 corresponding to multiple specimens 7 on the side of the second substrate 3 away from the first substrate 1, clearly defines the installation position of the specimens 7 before assembly. During installation, the operator only needs to align the outer contour or reference edge of the specimen 7 to the corresponding mounting mark 8 to complete the positioning, eliminating the need for repeated measurements and manual alignment. This not only simplifies the clamping operation and shortens the specimen 7 placement time but also significantly reduces positional deviations caused by manual alignment. Furthermore, the mounting marks 8 can be reused in multiple disassembly and assembly processes and multiple batches of tests, ensuring that the installation position of each specimen 7 remains consistent across different experimental rounds. This improves the comparability and repeatability of deformation measurement results and enhances the reliability of residual stress and deformation comparison analysis.

[0063] This application also provides a method for installing a laser powder bed fusion additive manufacturing powder intensive deformation amplification device. The installation method includes: S1: Fix the first substrate 1 to the working platform using the first fastener 2.

[0064] Specifically, the first substrate 1 is first placed in a predetermined area of ​​the working platform of the laser powder bed melting equipment, so that the general outline of the first substrate 1 is aligned with the reference edge or positioning datum on the working platform; then, a plurality of first fixing bolts 21 are passed through the first substrate 1 in sequence and connected to the threaded holes or mating holes on the working platform. By tightening each first fixing bolt 21 in sequence, the first substrate 1 is firmly pressed onto the surface of the working platform, thereby completing the initial installation and fixing of the first substrate 1 relative to the working platform, providing a stable datum for the subsequent assembly of the second substrate 3 and the test piece 7.

[0065] S2: The second substrate 3 is mounted on the side of the first substrate 1 away from the work platform by means of the second fastener 4.

[0066] Specifically, the second substrate 3 is first placed above the side of the first substrate 1 away from the working platform, with the sidewall of the second substrate 3 facing the limiting member 6 set on the first substrate 1. The second substrate 3 is then slowly lowered into the limiting space enclosed by the limiting member 6, so that its opposite sides are respectively against the limiting pins 61 to complete the planar positioning. Then, multiple second fixing bolts 41 are passed through the second substrate 3 from the side of the second substrate 3 away from the first substrate 1 in sequence and connected to the corresponding threaded holes on the first substrate 1. By tightening each second fixing bolt 41 in sequence, the second substrate 3 is reliably fixed to the side of the first substrate 1 away from the working platform, thereby forming a stable specimen 7 bearing platform.

[0067] S3: Prepare mounting marks 8 for multiple specimens 7 on the side of the second substrate 3 away from the first substrate 1.

[0068] Specifically, the second substrate 3 is mounted on the first substrate 1. The laser scanning system of the laser powder bed melting equipment performs single-layer scanning processing on the side of the second substrate 3 away from the first substrate 1 according to the preset outer contour path of the specimen 7, forming contour lines or closed area marks corresponding to the outer contours of multiple specimens 7 on the surface of the second substrate 3. The shape, size and relative position of each mounting mark 8 are consistent with the shape and arrangement of the specimens 7 to be mounted later, thereby preparing mounting marks 8 for multiple specimens 7 on the side of the second substrate 3 away from the first substrate 1.

[0069] S4: Remove the second substrate 3 from the first substrate 1.

[0070] Specifically, after the preparation of the mounting mark 8 on the surface of the second substrate 3 is completed, the second fixing bolts 41 in the second fixing member 4 are loosened and unscrewed in sequence to release the threaded connection between the second substrate 3 and the first substrate 1. Then, the operator grabs or clamps the second substrate 3 from the side of the second substrate 3 away from the first substrate 1 and lifts the second substrate 3 as a whole in the direction away from the first substrate 1, so that it is removed from the limiting space surrounded by the limiting member 6, thereby removing the second substrate 3 from the first substrate 1 and creating a convenient operating space for mounting multiple test pieces 7 on the second substrate 3.

[0071] S5: Install multiple test pieces 7 on the side of the second substrate 3 away from the first substrate 1, and align and fix each test piece 7 with the corresponding mounting mark 8.

[0072] Specifically, the second substrate 3 is placed on a workbench surface that is easy to operate, with the side away from the first substrate 1 facing upwards towards the operator. The operator takes out multiple test pieces 7 in sequence and aligns the outer contour or reference edge of each test piece 7 with the corresponding mounting mark 8 pre-formed on the surface of the second substrate 3, so that the actual contour of the test piece 7 basically coincides with the contour line of the mounting mark 8. After the alignment is completed, the third fixing bolt 51 is passed through the corresponding through hole on the second substrate 3 from the side of the second substrate 3 closest to the first substrate 1 and tightened to the threaded hole on the corresponding test piece 7, or other detachable fastening structures are used to lock the test piece 7 on the side of the second substrate 3 away from the first substrate 1, so that multiple test pieces 7 are reliably fixed on the second substrate 3 while maintaining the positional relationship with the mounting mark 8.

[0073] S6: The second substrate 3, on which the test piece 7 is mounted, is remounted onto the first substrate 1 using the second fastener 4.

[0074] Specifically, the second substrate 3, on which multiple test pieces 7 are mounted, is transported above the first substrate 1, with the sidewall of the second substrate 3 facing the limiting member 6 set on the first substrate 1. The second substrate 3 is then slowly lowered in the direction toward the first substrate 1, so that its edge contacts the limiting pin 61 set along the first direction X and the limiting pin 61 set along the second direction Y in sequence and is guided into the limiting space, thereby completing the automatic centering and limiting of the second substrate 3 in the planar position. After the second substrate 3 is stably placed against the side of the first substrate 1 away from the working platform, multiple second fixing bolts 41 are passed through the second substrate 3 in sequence and re-tightened to the corresponding threaded holes on the first substrate 1, so that the second substrate 3 on which the test pieces 7 are mounted is reliably fixed on the first substrate 1 again, completing the reinstallation of the device.

[0075] In some embodiments of this disclosure, when a mounting mark 8 is prepared on the side of the second substrate 3 away from the first substrate 1, the mounting mark 8 includes a first sub-marker 81 extending along a first direction X, a second sub-marker 82 extending along a second direction Y, and a third sub-marker 83 extending along a third direction Z; wherein the first direction X and the second direction Y are perpendicular to each other, and the third direction Z is located within the angle range formed by the first direction X and the second direction Y and is different from the first direction X and the second direction Y, and multiple specimens 7 are respectively mounted at the corresponding positions of the first sub-marker 81, the second sub-marker 82 and the third sub-marker 83. By dividing and arranging the installation marks 8 in the aforementioned directions, on the one hand, the installation areas of specimens 7 with different placement directions can be intuitively distinguished on the surface of the second substrate 3. This allows operators to quickly confirm the orientation and position of specimens 7 by simply aligning them according to the installation marks 8 during assembly, reducing manual alignment errors and improving clamping efficiency. On the other hand, under the same printing batch, substrate constraints, and process conditions, the residual stress deformation response along the first direction X, the second direction Y, and the third direction Z in between can be obtained simultaneously. This facilitates comparative analysis of the deformation behavior of components in different directions, and is beneficial for systematically studying the influence of scanning direction and component anisotropy on residual stress and macroscopic deformation, thereby improving the comparability of test results and their engineering application value.

[0076] Other embodiments of this application will readily occur to those skilled in the art upon consideration of the application and practice of the invention described herein. This application is intended to cover any variations, uses, or adaptations of this application that follow the general principles of this application and include common knowledge or customary techniques in the art not claimed herein. The application and embodiments are to be considered exemplary only, and the true scope and spirit of this application are indicated by the following claims.

[0077] It should be understood that this application is not limited to the precise structure described above and shown in the accompanying drawings, and various modifications and changes can be made without departing from its scope. The scope of this application is limited only by the appended claims.

[0078] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of this application and is not intended to limit this application. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of this application should be included within the scope of protection of this application.

Claims

1. A laser powder bed fusion additive manufacturing powder intensive deformation magnification apparatus, characterized by, The device comprises: a first substrate configured to be mounted on a work platform of a laser powder bed fusion device; a first fixing member for fixing the first substrate to the work platform; a second substrate arranged on a side of the first substrate away from the work platform and configured to carry at least one test piece; a second fixing member for detachably fixing the second substrate to a side of the first substrate away from the work platform; a third fixing member for fixing a plurality of test pieces to a side of the second substrate away from the first substrate; a limiting member arranged on the first substrate and used for positioning the second substrate when the second substrate is mounted relative to the first substrate.

2. The laser powder bed fusion additive manufacturing powder intensive deformation magnification apparatus of claim 1, wherein: The plurality of test pieces comprises a first test piece group, a second test piece group, and a third test piece group; wherein the first test piece group comprises a plurality of first test pieces arranged along a first direction; the second test piece group comprises a plurality of second test pieces arranged along a second direction, the first direction being perpendicular to the second direction; and the third test piece group comprises a plurality of third test pieces arranged along a third direction, the third direction being within an included angle range formed by the first direction and the second direction and being different from the first direction and the second direction.

3. The laser powder bed fusion additive manufacturing powder intensive deformation amplification device according to claim 1, wherein: the first fixing member comprises a plurality of first fixing bolts; in a fixed state of the first substrate, the first fixing bolts pass through the first substrate and are threadedly connected with the work platform.

4. The laser powder bed fusion additive manufacturing powder intensive deformation magnification apparatus of claim 3, wherein: the first substrate is provided with mounting holes corresponding to the first fixing bolts; in the fixed state, a plane where a nut of the first fixing bolt is located is not higher than a plane where the first substrate is located.

5. The laser powder bed fusion additive manufacturing powder intensive deformation magnification apparatus of claim 1, wherein, the limiting member comprises a plurality of limiting pins arranged along the first direction and a plurality of limiting pins arranged along the second direction; a plurality of the limiting pins along the first direction and a plurality of the limiting pins along the second direction jointly form a limiting space for limiting the second substrate; in a mounted state of the second substrate, the limiting pins are in contact with side walls of the second substrate.

6. The laser powder bed fusion additive manufacturing powder intensive deformation magnification apparatus of claim 1, wherein: the second fixing member comprises a plurality of second fixing bolts; in a fixed state of the second substrate, the second fixing bolts pass through the second substrate and are threadedly connected with the first substrate.

7. The laser powder bed fusion additive manufacturing powder intensive deformation magnification apparatus of claim 1, wherein, the third fixing member comprises a plurality of third fixing bolts; in a fixed state of the test pieces, the third fixing bolts pass through the second substrate from a side of the second substrate close to the first substrate and are threadedly connected with the test pieces.

8. The laser powder bed fusion additive manufacturing powder intensive deformation magnification apparatus of claim 1, wherein, a side of the second substrate away from the first substrate is provided with mounting marks corresponding to the plurality of test pieces.

9. A mounting method of a laser powder bed fusion additive manufacturing powder intensive deformation magnification apparatus, the mounting method being used for mounting the deformation magnification apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that, The mounting method comprises: fixing the first substrate on the work platform through the first fixing member; mounting the second substrate on a side of the first substrate away from the work platform through the second fixing member; preparing mounting marks for the plurality of test pieces on a side of the second substrate away from the first substrate; detaching the second substrate from the first substrate; A plurality of test pieces are installed on the side of the second substrate away from the first substrate, and each of the test pieces is fixed in alignment with the corresponding installation mark; The second substrate with the test pieces installed is reinstalled on the first substrate through the second fixing piece.

10. The mounting method of the laser powder bed fusion additive manufacturing powder intensive deformation amplification device according to claim 9, wherein, When the installation marks are prepared on the side of the second substrate away from the first substrate, the installation marks include first sub-marks extending in a first direction, second sub-marks extending in a second direction, and third sub-marks extending in a third direction; Wherein, the first direction and the second direction are perpendicular to each other, and the third direction is within the included angle range formed by the first direction and the second direction and is different from the first direction and the second direction, and a plurality of test pieces are respectively installed at the corresponding positions of the first sub-marks, the second sub-marks, and the third sub-marks.

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