A direct current power regulating device and method for an aviation power supply vehicle

Abstract

The application discloses an aviation power vehicle direct-current power voltage regulating device and method, and relates to the technical field of generator control. The method collects instant characteristic parameters of a direct-current power output by a generator of an aviation power vehicle after rectification, performs complex impedance mapping, and constructs an instant operation characteristic curve; based on the constructed instant operation characteristic curve and a pre-set control operation characteristic curve, deviation comparison and classification identification are performed, instant operation deviation is obtained, and instant voltage control is performed; based on the result of instant voltage control, a PWM driving signal is generated, the excitation current of an excitation winding is adjusted, closed-loop voltage regulating control of the output voltage of the aviation power vehicle is completed, and the problem of low voltage regulating stability in the prior art is solved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of generator control technology, and in particular to a DC power supply voltage regulation device and method for an aircraft power vehicle. Background Technology

[0002] An aircraft power supply vehicle is a ground power supply device suitable for transport aircraft such as the Y-8 that use high-power DC starting methods. Also known as an aircraft ground power supply vehicle, it is a critical ground support device at airports. Its main function is to provide the necessary electrical energy to the aircraft before the engines are shut down or started. Specifically, it includes two different power supply tasks: one is to supply power to the aircraft's onboard systems (usually 115V / 400Hz AC or 0-70V DC), and the other is to provide separate power for the aircraft engine starting process (usually high-power DC). This type of power supply vehicle is designed for aircraft engines that require high-power DC starting. Its power supply target is the aircraft engine's starter motor, which is a typical high-inertia, nonlinear load. In the initial stage of starting, because the back electromotive force has not yet been established, a transient surge current of hundreds to thousands of amperes will be generated.

[0003] Therefore, to cope with the severe load impact from the starter motor and maintain stable output voltage, the power supply vehicle must be equipped with a fast and precise voltage regulation system. In existing technologies, the core modules of the voltage regulation device typically include a voltage regulator, engine, generator, voltage detection circuit, analog-to-digital converter, proportional-integral-differential (PID) control algorithm unit, and power drive circuit. The voltage regulation process is as follows: During aircraft startup, the voltage regulator automatically adjusts the generator's excitation current based on the detection signal, causing the generator's output voltage to rise gradually. After rectification, the output DC voltage serves as the working power source for starting the aircraft engine, ensuring that the engine speed gradually increases until successful startup, thereby extending the engine's service life. Specifically, the voltage detection circuit samples the rectified DC output voltage, converts it into a digital signal via the analog-to-digital converter, compares it with a preset fixed reference voltage to obtain an error signal. This error signal is processed by the PID control algorithm to generate a control signal. The control signal is amplified by the power drive circuit, adjusting the current in the generator's excitation winding, changing the generator's magnetic field strength, and ultimately achieving stable regulation of its output voltage.

[0004] However, in the current application scenarios of aviation power supply vehicles, there is a problem of low voltage regulation stability when facing the changing load characteristics of aircraft engine starter motors. Specifically, during the voltage regulation process, after detecting a voltage drop in the power supply output voltage caused by a momentary impact, an error signal is generated and calculations are performed based on the error signal to adjust the excitation current. This passive response mechanism has a delay in error acquisition with the load impact of the aviation power supply vehicle, which causes the excitation adjustment command to be unable to act synchronously or ahead of the impact. In addition, the nonlinear and time-varying load characteristics of the starter motor in different starting stages (such as stall, acceleration, and no-load) are difficult to adapt to by fixed control parameters. Therefore, in specific scenarios where the load is known to change momentarily, the existing technology relies on feedback adjustment and does not fully integrate dynamic load into the control logic to improve response foresight. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To address the issue of low voltage regulation stability in existing technologies, this invention provides a DC power supply voltage regulation device and method for aviation power vehicles. The technical solution is as follows:

[0006] On the one hand, a method for regulating the DC power supply of an aviation power vehicle is provided. The method includes: Step 1, collecting the real-time characteristic parameters of the DC power output from the generator of the aviation power vehicle after rectification, and performing complex impedance mapping to construct a real-time operating characteristic curve. The output DC power supply includes DC and alternating components; Step 2, based on the constructed real-time operating characteristic curve and the pre-set control operating characteristic curve, performing deviation comparison and classification to obtain the real-time operating deviation, and performing real-time voltage control; Step 3, based on the result of the real-time voltage control, generating a PWM drive signal, and completing the closed-loop voltage regulation control of the output voltage of the aviation power vehicle by adjusting the excitation current of the excitation winding.

[0007] On the other hand, an aviation power vehicle DC power supply voltage regulation device is provided. This device includes an automatic voltage regulator, an engine, a generator, a rectifier module, a current sensor, a quadrature separator, and a control panel. The automatic voltage regulator receives the real-time characteristic parameters of the rectified DC power output, including DC and alternating components, and outputs an excitation control signal. Using a microprocessor as its operating core, it constructs a real-time operating characteristic curve through complex impedance mapping, while simultaneously performing deviation comparison and classification to regulate the generator's excitation state. It is connected to the generator. The engine provides rotating mechanical power to the generator and is connected to the generator. The generator receives the mechanical energy and excitation regulation signal transmitted by the engine; its output is connected to the rectifier module, and its input is connected to the automatic voltage regulator. The regulator is connected; the rectifier module receives the six-phase AC power output from the generator, converts it into DC power that meets the load requirements, and then transmits the DC power to the load end through the DC bus; the current sensor is connected in series between the rectifier module and the load end to monitor the DC output current in real time and feed the current signal back to the automatic voltage regulator; the control panel sends operation commands and parameter settings to the automatic voltage regulator, and receives and visualizes the device's operating status information; the quadrature separator receives the time-domain signal corresponding to the output voltage and the time-domain signal corresponding to the output current of the rectifier module, performs orthogonal decomposition of the DC component and the alternating component in the time-domain signal, and calculates the instantaneous angular velocity of the current change and the instantaneous phase angle between the voltage and current alternating components.

[0008] The beneficial effects of the technical solutions provided in the embodiments of the present invention include at least the following:

[0009] 1. By efficiently coordinating the automatic voltage regulator, generator, rectifier module, current sensor, and control panel, a complete closed-loop control process is constructed, encompassing data acquisition, feature extraction, decision generation, and execution feedback. The automatic voltage regulator, as the core control unit, receives feedback signals from the generator output voltage and current sensor. Through complex impedance mapping, characteristic curve construction, and deviation identification, it generates a precise excitation control signal. The generator adjusts the excitation current based on this signal, changing the amplitude of the output AC power. The rectifier module converts the AC power into the required DC power. The current sensor monitors the DC output in real time, forming a closed-loop feedback. The control panel provides a human-machine interface for parameter setting and status monitoring. The modules work closely together through electrical connections and communication protocols, ensuring real-time signal transmission and accurate execution of control commands. Compared to the traditional approach where modules are relatively independent and lack coordination, this invention achieves seamless integration of perception, decision-making, and execution through a full-link closed-loop design. This makes the voltage regulation process more coherent and efficient, improving the overall power supply quality and reliability of the aviation power vehicle under complex load conditions.

[0010] 2. By updating preset thresholds and weighting coefficients through historical data statistical analysis, the control process possesses a certain degree of adaptive update and iteration capability. Existing voltage regulation largely relies on preset fixed parameter curves, making it difficult to adapt to the slow changes in load characteristics caused by factors such as usage time and ambient temperature. This invention continuously collects real-time characteristic parameters and constructs real-time operating characteristic curves, which can reflect the actual state of the current load in real time. At the same time, through statistical analysis of historical deviation data, key parameters such as the rate of change deviation threshold and voltage characteristic quantity deviation threshold can be automatically updated, allowing the control logic to be continuously optimized over time, gradually approaching the optimal control point under actual operating conditions. This dynamic update mechanism enables voltage regulation not only to cope with instantaneous impacts but also to adapt to long-term changes in load characteristics, improving the long-term stability of the equipment.

[0011] 3. By introducing multi-dimensional monitoring into the real-time voltage control process, including direct control risk warning based on the voltage change slope and indirect control stability judgment based on the excitation current change slope, real-time judgment of the voltage regulation process is achieved. This invention monitors the voltage or current change slope within a preset response time window and compares it with a preset threshold, which can promptly identify potential risks of voltage regulation overshoot or regulation instability and output corresponding alarm information. For example, in voltage-based direct control, if the voltage change slope exceeds the threshold, an overshoot risk is determined; in current-based indirect control, if the excitation current change slope is abnormal, a regulation instability risk is determined. This monitoring mechanism not only improves controllability and transparency but also provides maintenance personnel with a basis for timely intervention, enhancing the safe operation capability of the entire voltage regulation device under complex operating conditions.

[0012] 4. To address the instantaneous high current surges and voltage fluctuations that occur during the startup of the aviation power supply vehicle, this invention employs a control mechanism based on the rate of change deviation and a proportional adjustment mechanism based on the voltage characteristic quantity deviation. These two mechanisms work synergistically to achieve a dual improvement in the smoothness of the voltage regulation process and its impact resistance. The rate of change deviation reflects the dynamic trend and generates a comprehensive error index for trend suppression. When a trend misalignment is detected, suppressive adjustments are made in advance to avoid voltage overshoot. Simultaneously, for the voltage characteristic quantity deviation, a combination of proportional calculation and interval judgment is used to achieve step-like or linear fine-tuning of the excitation voltage. This ensures timely adjustment response while avoiding oscillations caused by excessive adjustment amplitude. These two processes work together to respond quickly to rapidly changing loads while maintaining a smooth transition of the output voltage, thus improving the reliability of the power supply vehicle under starter motor loads. Attached Figure Description

[0013] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention, the accompanying drawings used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the accompanying drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0014] Figure 1 A flowchart illustrating a DC power supply voltage regulation method for an aviation power supply vehicle provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0015] Figure 2 A system diagram corresponding to a DC voltage regulator for an aviation power vehicle provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0016] Figure 3 This is a characteristic curve of the starting voltage / current of the Y-8 aircraft engine provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0017] Figure 4 The setting control operation characteristic curve diagram provided in the embodiments of the present invention;

[0018] Figure 5 The flowchart corresponding to the complex impedance mapping provided in the embodiments of the present invention;

[0019] Figure 6 The flowchart corresponding to the real-time voltage control provided in the embodiments of the present invention;

[0020] Figure 7 The flowchart is provided for the real-time voltage control monitoring in the embodiments of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0021] The technical solution of the present invention will now be described with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0022] In embodiments of the present invention, words such as "exemplarily," "for example," etc., are used to indicate that something is an example, illustration, or description. Any embodiment or design described as "exemplary" in the present invention should not be construed as being more preferred or advantageous than other embodiments or designs. Specifically, the use of the word "exemplary" is intended to present the concept in a concrete manner. Furthermore, in embodiments of the present invention, the meaning expressed by "and / or" can be both, or either one.

[0023] To make the technical problems, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearer, a detailed description will be given below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0024] Embodiment 1 of the present invention provides a method for regulating the DC power supply of an aviation power vehicle, such as... Figure 1The flowchart shown represents a DC power supply voltage regulation method for an aviation power vehicle. The processing flow of this method may include the following steps: Step 1: Acquire the real-time characteristic parameters of the DC power output from the generator of the aviation power vehicle after rectification, and perform complex impedance mapping to construct a real-time operating characteristic curve. The output DC power supply includes both DC and alternating components. Step 2: Based on the constructed real-time operating characteristic curve and the pre-set control operating characteristic curve, perform deviation comparison and classification to obtain the real-time operating deviation, and perform real-time voltage control. Step 3: Based on the results of the real-time voltage control, generate a PWM drive signal, and complete the closed-loop voltage regulation control of the aviation power vehicle's output voltage by adjusting the excitation current of the excitation winding.

[0025] In the process of powering aircraft from an aviation power vehicle, there is a direct causal control between DC power supply voltage regulation and generator voltage regulation. The DC output of the device is converted from the AC power generated by the generator through a rectifier module. Therefore, the amplitude of the DC voltage is directly determined by the amplitude of the AC output voltage of the generator. By sampling and analyzing real-time characteristic parameters, a real-time operating characteristic curve is constructed to identify the trend of DC power supply output status changes. Based on this, the excitation current of the generator is adjusted to change the AC output voltage. Then, the final DC output voltage is stabilized through the rectifier module. Therefore, the control of the generator is essentially to serve the goal of DC power supply voltage regulation.

[0026] like Figure 2 The diagram shown is a system diagram corresponding to a DC voltage regulator for an aviation power vehicle provided in an embodiment of the present invention. In the diagram: 100-Digital DC voltage regulator, 101-Microprocessor, 102-High-power drive circuit, 103-Power module, 104-Current signal measurement circuit, 105-Voltage signal measurement circuit, 106-PWM signal converter, 107-PID controller, 108-Set control curve, 109-Motor curve synthesizer, 110-Complex mapped impedance calculator, 111-High-speed AD converter, 112-Quadrature separator, 113-Keyboard input, 114-USB port, 115-CAN Bus, 116-display window, 117-control panel, 118-engine, 119-generator, 120-rectifier module, 121-current sensor; the microprocessor 101 of the digital DC voltage regulator 100 is connected to a current signal measurement circuit 104, a voltage signal measurement circuit 105, a high-power drive circuit 102, a keyboard input 113, a USB port 114, a CAN bus 115, and a display window 116. The current signal measurement circuit 104 is connected to the current sensor 121, the voltage signal measurement circuit 105 is connected to the back end of the rectifier module 120, and the high-power drive circuit 102 is connected to the excitation winding of the generator 119.

[0027] like Figure 3The figure shown is a characteristic curve of the starting voltage / current of the Y-8 aircraft engine provided in an embodiment of the present invention. The vertical axis represents voltage, and the horizontal axis represents current. The figure includes three starting characteristic curves: L1, L2, and L3, each with a starting point and an inflection point. The starting point is the initial voltage and current state point of the engine during startup, and the inflection point is the node where the curve trend changes, marking the stage switching of voltage and current characteristics during startup. Different curves correspond to starting characteristics under different operating conditions. Figure 4 The figure shown is a set control operation characteristic curve provided by an embodiment of the present invention. The vertical axis is voltage (V) and the horizontal axis is current (A). The curve in the figure is the voltage / current control curve of motor control, and the dots are the set data nodes of the control process.

[0028] To further facilitate the setting of motor characteristic curves by the digital DC voltage regulator 100, PC software is used to... Figure 3 The motor control curve shown is written to the microprocessor 101 via USB port 114.

[0029] In operation, the present invention starts the engine 118 by pressing the button switch on the control panel 117, which drives the generator 119. Simultaneously, the power module 103 is energized, and the digital DC voltage regulator 100 is energized to prepare for power generation. When the control panel 117 receives the start command from the aircraft, the high-power drive circuit 102 connects the excitation power supply, and the generator begins to generate electricity. The current sensor 121 sends the measured current signal to the current signal measurement circuit 104. The high-speed AD converter 111 converts the analog current signal from the current signal measurement circuit 104 and the analog voltage signal from the voltage signal measurement circuit 105 into digital current and digital voltage values. The quadrature separator 112 calculates the instantaneous angular velocity of the current value change and the instantaneous phase angle between the instantaneous voltage and instantaneous current values. The complex impedance calculator 110 calculates the mapped complex impedance from the instantaneous voltage, instantaneous current, instantaneous angular velocity, and instantaneous phase angle. Finally, the measured values ​​are processed by the motor curve synthesizer 109. Multiplying the instantaneous current value by the magnitude of the complex impedance yields the current operating characteristic curve and its instantaneous slope of the controlled motor. The current operating characteristic curve and instantaneous slope are then compared and calculated with the set control curve and slope to obtain the error value. This error value is then used by the PID controller 107 to obtain the instantaneous control voltage value. The instantaneous control voltage value is converted into a PWM control signal by the PWM signal converter 106. The PWM control signal drives the high-power drive circuit 102 to output excitation current to the excitation winding of the generator 119, causing a change in the generator's output voltage. After rectification by the rectifier module 120, the voltage is obtained as follows: Figure 4 The voltage / current control curve shown is shown.

[0030] like Figure 5The flowchart shown is a flowchart of the complex impedance mapping provided in the embodiment of the present invention. By obtaining the instantaneous characteristic parameters and the mapped complex impedance, the instantaneous voltage characteristic quantity and instantaneous current are obtained and an instantaneous operating characteristic curve is constructed. The instantaneous slope is obtained and compared with the preset operating curve.

[0031] Furthermore, complex impedance mapping is performed. The specific process is as follows: within the set acquisition time window, the acquired instantaneous characteristic parameters are analyzed and processed. The DC power output from the rectifier module is transmitted to the high-speed AD converter using a complex impedance mapping calculator to obtain the instantaneous voltage time-domain signal and the instantaneous current time-domain signal. Orthogonal separation analysis is then performed to obtain the DC component and the alternating component. From the alternating component, the instantaneous angular velocity reflecting its rate of change and the instantaneous phase angle between the instantaneous voltage and the instantaneous current are obtained. The instantaneous characteristic parameters include the instantaneous voltage and instantaneous current corresponding to the alternating component in the DC power supply.

[0032] The acquired instantaneous angular velocity, instantaneous phase angle, instantaneous voltage value, and instantaneous current value are substituted into the complex variable mapped impedance calculator to calculate the mapped complex variable impedance, and an instantaneous operating characteristic curve is constructed for visualizing the output state and impedance characteristics of the DC power supply.

[0033] Multiplying the calculated magnitude of the mapped complex impedance (i.e. the size of the complex number) with the instantaneous current value sampled at the same time yields the instantaneous voltage characteristic quantity used to quantify the dynamic changes in instantaneous voltage.

[0034] Within a set monitoring time window, instantaneous voltage characteristic quantity is used as the vertical axis (unit: V) and instantaneous current (unit: A) is used as the horizontal axis. A curve is synthesized by a motor curve synthesizer to obtain an instantaneous operating characteristic curve, which is then compared with the set control operating characteristic curve. The set monitoring time window is a parameter preset by a pre-defined person through the control panel. Within the monitoring time window, data point pairs collected in chronological order are cached, i.e., instantaneous current value - instantaneous voltage characteristic quantity data pairs. Using mathematical optimization algorithms such as least squares, the curve calculated from this set of discrete data points is the instantaneous operating characteristic curve within the time window. The set control operating characteristic curve is a pre-stored reference data, which is pre-calibrated using generator design parameters (such as winding resistance, inductance, and no-load characteristic curve).

[0035] During voltage regulation, the instantaneous operating characteristic curve is usually a gently rising trajectory, indicating that as the current (horizontal axis) increases, the instantaneous voltage characteristic quantity (vertical axis) also increases accordingly by enhancing excitation, so as to maintain the stability of the output voltage. However, the specific shape and slope of the curve are not fixed, but change in real time during actual operation. Its trend depends on the magnitude of the mapped complex impedance. When the magnitude increases with the increase of the current, the curve shows an upward bending trend. When the magnitude decreases with the increase of the current, the curve shows a downward bending trend. Under optimal regulation, the shape of the curve is close to the set control operating characteristic curve.

[0036] The comparison with the set control operation characteristic curve is specifically performed as follows:

[0037] The slope of the tangent line of the instantaneous operating characteristic curve within the current monitoring time window is obtained and used as the instantaneous slope of the instantaneous operating characteristic curve to characterize the rate of change of instantaneous voltage characteristic quantity with instantaneous current. The slope of the tangent line corresponding to the set control operating characteristic curve is used as the set control slope, and the difference between the control slope and the instantaneous slope is calculated to obtain the rate of change deviation. The rate of change deviation represents the difference between the obtained instantaneous slope and the set control slope.

[0038] The deviation between the acquired instantaneous voltage characteristic quantity and the instantaneous voltage characteristic quantity in the set control operation characteristic curve is calculated to obtain the voltage characteristic quantity deviation. The voltage characteristic quantity deviation represents the difference between the acquired instantaneous voltage characteristic quantity and the set instantaneous voltage characteristic quantity.

[0039] Based on the acquired voltage characteristic quantity deviation and rate of change deviation, deviation comparison and classification are performed. Specifically, the deviation comparison and classification are as follows:

[0040] When both the voltage characteristic deviation and the rate of change deviation are not greater than the corresponding preset values, it indicates that the DC power output of the aviation power vehicle is stable and no voltage regulation intervention is required. The preset values ​​include the preset instantaneous voltage characteristic deviation and the preset rate of change deviation. The preset instantaneous voltage characteristic deviation is represented by the summation and averaging of the historical instantaneous voltage characteristic deviations in the historical deviation comparison and classification process. Similarly, the preset rate of change deviation is represented by the summation and averaging of the historical rate of change deviations.

[0041] When both the voltage characteristic deviation and the rate of change deviation are greater than the corresponding preset values, it indicates that the DC power output status of the aviation power vehicle is abnormal, and prompts the preset personnel to take emergency voltage adjustment and correction strategies on the control panel: switch the excitation control to the preset emergency mode to maintain the base voltage output.

[0042] When either the voltage characteristic deviation or the rate of change deviation exceeds the corresponding preset value, it indicates that the DC power output state of the aviation power vehicle is out of balance, and real-time voltage control is performed, while the real-time voltage control process is monitored simultaneously.

[0043] like Figure 6 The flowchart shown is a flowchart of the real-time voltage control provided in the embodiment of the present invention. Based on the results of deviation comparison and classification identification, an emergency correction strategy and real-time voltage control are determined. The real-time voltage control targets the rate of change deviation and the voltage characteristic quantity deviation, respectively, and obtains the trend suppression comprehensive error index and the voltage deviation compensation index to determine the voltage adjustment gradient or voltage adjustment amplitude and direction.

[0044] Furthermore, if only the rate of change deviation is greater than the corresponding preset value, the specific process of instantaneous voltage control is as follows: based on the difference between the rate of change deviation and the corresponding preset value, a weighted calculation is performed in combination with the preset weight coefficient to obtain the trend suppression comprehensive error index; the specific process of obtaining the preset weight coefficient is as follows: based on the specific generator model, the typical impact characteristics of the load (starter motor) and the desired dynamic response (such as the strength and speed of trend suppression), a benchmark weight coefficient is obtained, and then fine-tuned by the preset personnel according to the specific application scenario, and stored in the automatic voltage regulator as the preset value.

[0045] The real-time calculated rate of change deviation is compared with a preset rate of change deviation threshold to obtain the difference. Then, this difference is multiplied by the preset weighting coefficient, specifically expressed as: Trend Suppression Comprehensive Error Index = Weighting Coefficient × (Rate of Change Deviation - Preset Value). This formula combines proportional amplification and preset value processing. By subtracting the preset value, it avoids responding to minor trend fluctuations. The weighting coefficient acts as a proportional gain, linearly amplifying trend deviations exceeding the threshold, ensuring that the strength of the control command is proportional to the deviation. This structure can accurately focus on dynamic trends and output a matching regulating force, thereby achieving the identification and active suppression of voltage fluctuation trends, improving damping characteristics and dynamic stability.

[0046] The voltage regulation gradient is determined based on the sign and absolute value of the trend suppression comprehensive error index: when the trend suppression comprehensive error index is greater than 0, the PID controller is prompted to increase the excitation voltage of the generator excitation winding of the aviation power vehicle; when the trend suppression comprehensive error index is 0, the excitation voltage of the generator of the aviation power vehicle is not adjusted; when the trend suppression comprehensive error index is less than 0, the PID controller is prompted to decrease the excitation voltage of the generator excitation winding of the aviation power vehicle. After receiving the trend suppression comprehensive error index, the PID controller's internal algorithm (such as the PID algorithm) will output the corresponding digital value of the instantaneous control voltage. This digital value will be sent to the PWM signal converter. The PID controller generates the corresponding specific value of the excitation voltage according to the specific value of the trend suppression comprehensive error index, which is used as the digital value of the instantaneous voltage control value. That is, the trend suppression comprehensive error index is used as input to the PID controller, and the instantaneous voltage control value is output.

[0047] By monitoring voltage characteristics and their changing trends (i.e., rate of change deviation), potential instability tendencies can be identified. By adjusting the generator excitation voltage, the electromotive force can be rematched with the load demand. This allows the DC power supply related indicators to be corrected synchronously, thereby suppressing the fluctuation trend of the output voltage in the early stages of load current changes. This achieves trend-based active damping and improves the dynamic stability of the voltage regulation process.

[0048] If only the voltage characteristic deviation exceeds the corresponding preset value, the specific process of instantaneous voltage control is as follows: Based on the difference between the voltage characteristic deviation and the corresponding preset value, a proportional calculation is performed using a preset voltage deviation correction coefficient to obtain the voltage deviation compensation index. The preset voltage deviation correction coefficient is obtained through pre-calibration. The specific process is as follows: During the testing phase, a known voltage characteristic deviation step disturbance is applied, and the PID output change required to restore the output voltage to stability is observed and recorded. Through multiple tests, the average proportional relationship of the control quantity required for the deviation is statistically obtained, and this relationship is quantified as a correction coefficient. Therefore, the voltage deviation compensation index = voltage deviation correction coefficient × (voltage characteristic deviation - preset value), which quantifies the control capability required to eliminate the over-limit deviation.

[0049] Based on the numerical range of the voltage deviation compensation index, the voltage adjustment amplitude and direction are determined: When the voltage deviation compensation index is greater than the upper limit of the preset voltage deviation compensation range, the PID controller is prompted to increase the excitation voltage of the generator excitation winding of the aviation power vehicle stepwise, and the increase magnitude is positively correlated with the voltage deviation compensation index; when the voltage deviation compensation index is within the preset voltage deviation compensation range, the PID controller is prompted to linearly fine-tune the excitation voltage of the generator excitation winding of the aviation power vehicle, and the fine-tuning amplitude is the ratio of the fixed base value to the voltage deviation compensation index; when the voltage deviation compensation index is less than the lower limit of the preset voltage deviation compensation range, the PID controller is prompted to decrease the excitation voltage of the generator excitation winding of the aviation power vehicle stepwise, and the decrease magnitude is positively correlated with the absolute value of the voltage deviation compensation index.

[0050] The preset voltage deviation compensation range is based on historical voltage deviation compensation indices, selecting a range where the response is linear (or approximately linear) as the range. The maximum value of the range is used as the upper limit, and the minimum value as the lower limit. The fixed base value in the fine-tuning amplitude is predetermined based on the current application scenario. The proportional value of the voltage deviation compensation index is an adjustment amount proportional to the voltage deviation compensation index. The proportion is specifically obtained through recursive least squares method to fit the proportional relationship that best reflects the actual input-output data. When the voltage deviation compensation index exceeds the preset voltage deviation compensation range... When the voltage deviation compensation index exceeds the upper limit, the PID controller will determine the amplification value based on the degree to which the voltage deviation compensation index exceeds the upper limit (the difference between the voltage deviation compensation index and the upper limit of the interval is used as the step size for step increase). This preset step mapping table determines the voltage regulation amplitude that can suppress the deviation by simulating different step size increases, forming a corresponding relationship. When the voltage deviation compensation index is less than the preset lower limit of the voltage deviation compensation interval, a linear fine-tuning strategy is adopted: the specific value of the reduction amplitude is the fine-tuning amplitude, and the excitation voltage is gradually reduced by using the fine-tuning amplitude as the adjustment step size.

[0051] like Figure 7 The diagram shows a flowchart of the real-time voltage control monitoring provided in this embodiment of the invention. Through direct control based on instructions and indirect control based on current, the former obtains the slope of voltage change and determines whether it meets the control expectation, while the latter determines the deviation gradient by obtaining the actual excitation current, dynamically corrects the PWM duty cycle, and determines whether the accuracy meets the requirements.

[0052] When it is detected that the execution logic of the instantaneous voltage control is direct control based on the excitation voltage regulation command, the monitoring of the instantaneous voltage control process is as follows: The output voltage of the DC power supply of the aviation power vehicle is acquired; the voltage change slope is obtained through differential calculation; the voltage difference between the voltage value at the current sampling moment and the voltage value at the previous sampling moment is obtained at a fixed sampling period; this difference is then proportionally processed with the sampling interval to obtain the voltage change slope; the voltage is measured in real time by a voltage sensor and converted into a digital signal by an AD converter to the microprocessor; within a preset response time window, the specific value is determined by the preset personnel according to the current application scenario. The system compares the acquired voltage change slope with a preset voltage change slope threshold. If the acquired voltage change slope is greater than the preset voltage change slope threshold, it is determined that there is a risk of voltage regulation overshoot in the direct voltage control, and corresponding alarm information is output, including the specific alarm type identifier (such as voltage regulation overshoot risk), the voltage change slope at the time of triggering, etc. If the acquired voltage change slope is not greater than the preset voltage change slope threshold, it is determined that the voltage regulation process meets the control expectation, and the immediate voltage control is confirmed to be completed. The preset voltage change slope threshold is represented by the sum and average of the historical voltage change slopes during the monitoring process.

[0053] In Example 1, this method enables the aircraft power supply vehicle to exhibit voltage maintenance characteristics when dealing with extreme load conditions such as aircraft engine startup. Its core lies in its ability to analyze the generator's operating status in real time and proactively identify trends in load voltage changes, thereby adjusting the excitation before the output voltage changes. This is equivalent to giving the DC power supply a proactive adjustment capability, allowing the output power supply to remain highly stable at the moment the starter motor is switched on, even in the face of surge currents of hundreds to thousands of amperes, with only slight and gentle fluctuations. This smooth voltage characteristic not only provides reliable energy assurance for engine startup but also avoids the reset or malfunction of onboard avionics equipment that may be caused by sudden voltage drops, improving the safety and reliability of ground power supply support and making the entire startup process smoother and more efficient.

[0054] However, there is still a situation where the voltage control execution logic is based on indirect control of the excitation current. That is, when it is detected that the instantaneous voltage control execution logic is based on indirect control of the excitation current, the monitoring of the instantaneous voltage control process is as follows:

[0055] Example 2: The voltage regulation amplitude is used as the target for excitation current regulation, and the corresponding target value of the excitation current is calculated and obtained. The actual excitation current of the generator excitation winding in the aviation power vehicle is collected and monitored by a current sensor. Based on the deviation gradient corresponding to the excitation current deviation, an adjustment command is output to prompt the PID controller to dynamically correct the PWM duty cycle. Specifically, the PID controller receives the excitation current deviation and its deviation gradient as input, and calculates the control quantity required to eliminate the deviation in real time. This control quantity is the PWM duty cycle adjustment command, which is directly output to the PWM signal converter. The PWM signal converter updates and outputs a new PWM waveform in real time according to this command, thereby dynamically... The voltage applied to the excitation winding is dynamically adjusted to achieve closed-loop tracking and correction of the actual excitation current. The excitation current deviation is the difference between the actual excitation current and the target excitation current value. The target excitation current value is obtained by adjusting the voltage amplitude to get the adjusted excitation voltage. The target excitation current value is obtained by dividing the current excitation voltage applied to the excitation winding by the resistance of the excitation winding. Within a preset response time window, numerical differentiation is used to calculate the excitation current value corresponding to the current sampling moment and the previous sampling moment within the sampling period. The value is then proportionally processed with the sampling interval to obtain the slope of the excitation current change during dynamic correction, and compared with a preset threshold for the slope of the excitation current change.

[0056] If the actual current change slope is greater than the preset excitation current change slope threshold, it is determined that there is a risk of regulation instability in the indirect control based on current, and the corresponding alarm information is output, such as the threshold when the specific alarm is triggered and the timestamp corresponding to the current sampling. If the actual current change slope is not greater than the preset excitation current change slope threshold, it is determined that the voltage regulation process has reached the control accuracy requirement, and the instantaneous voltage control is confirmed to be completed. The preset excitation current change slope threshold is represented by the sum and average of the historical excitation current change slopes.

[0057] By continuously tracking the actual response trajectory of the excitation current and comparing it with a preset stable rate of change threshold, potential instability risks such as abnormal current tracking, response overshoot, or regulation oscillation can be identified, and alarms can be triggered in a timely manner. This allows for earlier intervention and helps prevent a continuous decrease in output voltage caused by abnormal regulation circuits. Simultaneously, the dynamically updated thresholds based on historical data enable this monitoring capability to adapt to natural changes in equipment status, improving long-term operational adaptability, providing maintenance personnel with clear status judgment criteria, and optimizing maintainability.

[0058] The above embodiments can be implemented, in whole or in part, by software, hardware (such as circuits), firmware, or any other combination thereof. When implemented using software, the above embodiments can be implemented, in whole or in part, as a computer program product. A computer program product includes one or more computer instructions or computer programs. When the computer instructions or computer programs are loaded or executed on a computer, all or part of the flow or function according to the embodiments of the present invention is generated. The computer can be a general-purpose computer, a special-purpose computer, a computer network, or other programmable device. Computer instructions can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium or transmitted from one computer-readable storage medium to another. For example, computer instructions can be transmitted from one website, computer, server, or data center to another website, computer, server, or data center via wired (e.g., infrared, wireless, microwave, etc.) means. A computer-readable storage medium can be any available medium that a computer can access or a data storage device such as a server or data center that includes one or more sets of available media. Available media can be magnetic media (e.g., floppy disks, hard disks, magnetic tapes), optical media (e.g., DVDs), or semiconductor media. Semiconductor media can be solid-state drives.

[0059] It should be understood that the term "and / or" in this article is merely a description of the relationship between related objects, indicating that three relationships can exist. For example, A and / or B can represent: A existing alone, A and B existing simultaneously, or B existing alone. A and B can be singular or plural. Additionally, the character " / " in this article generally indicates an "or" relationship between the preceding and following related objects, but it can also represent an "and / or" relationship. Please refer to the context for a more accurate understanding.

[0060] It should be understood that, in various embodiments of the present invention, the sequence number of each process does not imply the order of execution. The execution order of each process should be determined by its function and internal logic, and should not constitute any limitation on the implementation process of the embodiments of the present invention.

[0061] Those skilled in the art will recognize that the units and algorithm steps of the various examples described in conjunction with the embodiments disclosed herein can be implemented in electronic hardware, or a combination of computer software and electronic hardware. Whether these functions are implemented in hardware or software depends on the specific application and design constraints of the technical solution. Those skilled in the art can use different methods to implement the described functions for each specific application, but such implementations should not be considered beyond the scope of this invention.

[0062] Those skilled in the art will clearly understand that, for the sake of convenience and brevity, the specific working processes of the devices, apparatuses, and units described above can be referred to the corresponding processes in the foregoing method embodiments, and will not be repeated here.

[0063] In the embodiments provided by this invention, it should be understood that the disclosed devices, apparatuses, and methods can be implemented in other ways. For example, the apparatus embodiments described above are merely illustrative; for instance, the division of units is only a logical functional division, and in actual implementation, there may be other division methods. For example, multiple units or components may be combined or integrated into another device, or some features may be ignored or not executed. Furthermore, the coupling or direct coupling or communication connection shown or discussed may be through some interfaces; the indirect coupling or communication connection between devices or units may be electrical, mechanical, or other forms.

[0064] The units described as separate components may or may not be physically separate. The components shown as units may or may not be physical units; that is, they may be located in one place or distributed across multiple network units. Some or all of the units can be selected to achieve the purpose of this embodiment, depending on actual needs.

[0065] In addition, the functional units in the various embodiments of the present invention can be integrated into one processing unit, or each unit can exist physically separately, or two or more units can be integrated into one unit.

[0066] If a function is implemented as a software functional unit and sold or used as an independent product, it can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium. Based on this understanding, the technical solution of this invention, or the part that contributes to the prior art, or a part of the technical solution, can be embodied in the form of a software product. This computer software product is stored in a storage medium and includes several instructions to cause a computer device (which may be a personal computer, server, or network device, etc.) to execute all or part of the steps of the methods of the various embodiments of this invention. The aforementioned storage medium includes various media capable of storing program code, such as USB flash drives, portable hard drives, read-only memory (ROM), random access memory (RAM), magnetic disks, or optical disks.

[0067] The above are merely specific embodiments of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any variations or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed in the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention. Therefore, the scope of protection of the present invention should be determined by the scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A method for regulating the DC power supply of an aircraft power vehicle, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: Step 1: Collect the instantaneous characteristic parameters of the DC power output from the generator of the aviation power vehicle after rectification, and perform complex impedance mapping to construct the instantaneous operating characteristic curve. Step 2: Based on the constructed real-time operation characteristic curve and the pre-set control operation characteristic curve, perform deviation comparison and classification to obtain the real-time operation deviation and perform real-time voltage control; Step 3: Based on the results of real-time voltage control, generate a PWM drive signal, and complete the closed-loop voltage regulation control of the output voltage of the aviation power car by adjusting the excitation current of the excitation winding. The specific process of performing complex impedance mapping is as follows: Within the set acquisition time window, the acquired instantaneous characteristic parameters are analyzed to obtain the instantaneous angular velocity, which reflects the current change corresponding to the alternating component in the DC power supply, and the instantaneous phase angle between the corresponding instantaneous voltage and instantaneous current. The alternating component is the dynamic component of rectified ripple and load change, which is used to characterize the impedance change trend. The instantaneous characteristic parameters include the instantaneous voltage and instantaneous current corresponding to the alternating component in the DC power supply. The acquired instantaneous characteristic parameters, instantaneous angular velocity, and instantaneous phase angle are used to perform complex impedance mapping calculations to obtain the mapped complex impedance, and an instantaneous operating characteristic curve is constructed for visualizing the output state and impedance characteristics of the DC power supply. The process of constructing the instantaneous running characteristic curve is as follows: Based on the mapped complex impedance, its magnitude is obtained and combined with the instantaneous current to obtain the instantaneous voltage characteristic quantity used to quantify the instantaneous voltage change characteristics; Within the set monitoring time window, the instantaneous operating characteristic curve is obtained by synthesizing the instantaneous voltage characteristic quantity as the vertical axis and the instantaneous current as the horizontal axis, and then compared with the set control operating characteristic curve.

2. The DC power supply voltage regulation method for an aviation power vehicle as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The comparison with the set control operation characteristic curve is performed as follows: Obtain the slope of the tangent line of the instantaneous operating characteristic curve within the current monitoring time window, and use it as the instantaneous slope of the instantaneous operating characteristic curve to characterize the rate of change of instantaneous voltage characteristic quantity with instantaneous current. The slope of the tangent line corresponding to the set control operation characteristic curve is used as the set control slope, and the difference between the slope and the instantaneous slope is calculated to obtain the rate of change deviation. The deviation between the acquired instantaneous voltage characteristic quantity and the instantaneous voltage characteristic quantity in the set control operation characteristic curve is calculated to obtain the voltage characteristic quantity deviation; Based on the obtained voltage characteristic deviation and rate of change deviation, deviation comparison and classification are performed.

3. The DC power supply voltage regulation method for an aviation power vehicle as described in claim 2, characterized in that, The deviation comparison and classification identification are specifically as follows: When the deviation of voltage characteristic quantity and the deviation of rate of change are both not greater than the corresponding preset value, it indicates that the DC power output of the aviation power vehicle is stable and no voltage adjustment intervention is required. When both the voltage characteristic deviation and the rate of change deviation are greater than the corresponding preset values, it indicates that the DC power output status of the aviation power vehicle is abnormal, and prompts the preset personnel to take emergency voltage adjustment and correction strategies. When either the voltage characteristic deviation or the rate of change deviation exceeds the corresponding preset value, it indicates that the DC power output state of the aviation power vehicle is out of balance, and real-time voltage control is performed, while the real-time voltage control process is monitored simultaneously.

4. The DC power supply voltage regulation method for an aviation power vehicle as described in claim 3, characterized in that, If only the rate of change deviation is greater than the corresponding preset value, the specific process of the instantaneous voltage control is as follows: Based on the difference between the rate of change deviation and the corresponding preset value, a weighted calculation is performed using preset weighting coefficients to obtain the trend suppression comprehensive error index. The voltage regulation gradient is determined based on the sign and absolute value of the trend suppression comprehensive error index: When the trend suppression comprehensive error index is greater than 0, it prompts the PID controller to increase the excitation voltage of the generator excitation winding of the aviation power vehicle. When the trend suppression comprehensive error index is 0, the excitation voltage of the generator of the aviation power vehicle will not be adjusted. When the trend suppression comprehensive error index is less than 0, it prompts the PID controller to reduce the excitation voltage of the generator excitation winding of the aviation power vehicle.

5. The DC power supply voltage regulation method for an aviation power vehicle as described in claim 3, characterized in that, If only the voltage characteristic deviation is greater than the corresponding preset value, the specific process of the instantaneous voltage control is as follows: Based on the difference between the voltage characteristic deviation and the corresponding preset value, a proportional calculation is performed using a preset voltage deviation correction coefficient to obtain the voltage deviation compensation index. Based on the numerical range of the voltage deviation compensation index, determine the voltage regulation amplitude and direction: When the voltage deviation compensation index exceeds the upper limit of the preset voltage deviation compensation range, the PID controller is prompted to increase the excitation voltage of the generator excitation winding of the aviation power vehicle in a stepwise manner, and the increase value is positively correlated with the voltage deviation compensation index. When the voltage deviation compensation index is within the preset voltage deviation compensation range, the PID controller is prompted to linearly fine-tune the excitation voltage of the excitation winding of the generator of the aviation power vehicle. The fine-tuning amplitude is the ratio of the fixed base value to the voltage deviation compensation index. When the voltage deviation compensation index is less than the preset lower limit of the voltage deviation compensation range, the PID controller is prompted to reduce the excitation voltage of the generator excitation winding of the aviation power vehicle in a stepwise manner, and the reduction amplitude is positively correlated with the absolute value of the voltage deviation compensation index.

6. The DC power supply voltage regulation method for an aviation power vehicle as described in claim 3, characterized in that, When it is detected that the execution logic of the instantaneous voltage control is direct control based on the excitation voltage regulation command, the monitoring of the instantaneous voltage control process is specifically as follows: The output voltage of the DC power supply of the aviation power vehicle is collected, and the slope of the voltage change is obtained through differential calculation. Within a preset response time window, the acquired voltage change slope is compared with a preset voltage change slope threshold. If the obtained voltage change slope is greater than the preset voltage change slope threshold, it is determined that there is a risk of voltage regulation overshoot in the direct control based on voltage, and the corresponding alarm information is output. If the obtained voltage change slope is not greater than the preset voltage change slope threshold, the voltage regulation process is determined to meet the control expectation, and the instantaneous voltage control is confirmed to be completed.

7. The DC power supply voltage regulation method for an aviation power vehicle as described in claim 3, characterized in that, When it is detected that the execution logic of the instantaneous voltage control is indirect control based on the excitation current, the monitoring of the instantaneous voltage control process is specifically as follows: The voltage regulation amplitude is used as the regulation target of the excitation current, and the target value of the excitation current is calculated and obtained. The actual excitation current of the generator excitation winding of the aviation power vehicle is collected and monitored. Based on the deviation gradient corresponding to the excitation current deviation, an adjustment command is output to prompt the PID controller to dynamically correct the PWM duty cycle; Within a preset response time window, the slope of the excitation current change during dynamic correction is obtained and compared with a preset threshold for the slope of the excitation current change. If the actual current change slope is greater than the preset excitation current change slope threshold, it is determined that there is a risk of regulation instability in the current-based indirect control, and the corresponding alarm information is output. If the actual current change slope is not greater than the preset excitation current change slope threshold, the voltage regulation process is determined to have met the control accuracy requirements, and the instantaneous voltage control is confirmed to be complete.

8. A DC power supply voltage regulation device for an aircraft power vehicle, using the DC power supply voltage regulation method for an aircraft power vehicle as described in any one of claims 1-7, comprising an automatic voltage regulator, an engine, a generator, a rectifier module, a current sensor, and a quadrature separator; The automatic voltage regulator is used to receive the real-time characteristic parameters of the rectified DC power supply output and output excitation control signals. With the microprocessor as the core of operation, it constructs the real-time operating characteristic curve of the generator through complex impedance mapping, and at the same time performs deviation comparison and classification identification to regulate the excitation state of the generator and is connected to the generator. The engine is used to provide rotational mechanical power to the generator and is connected to the generator; The generator is used to receive mechanical energy and excitation regulation signals transmitted by the engine. Its output is connected to the rectifier module, and its input is connected to the automatic voltage regulator. The rectifier module is used to receive the six-phase AC power output from the generator, convert it into DC power that meets the load requirements, and then transmit the DC power to the load end through the DC bus. The current sensor is connected in series between the rectifier module and the load terminal to monitor the DC output current in real time and feed the current signal back to the automatic voltage regulator; The orthogonal separator is used to receive the time-domain signal corresponding to the output voltage and the time-domain signal corresponding to the output current of the rectifier module, and orthogonally decomposes the DC component and alternating component in the time-domain signal to calculate the instantaneous angular velocity of the current change and the instantaneous phase angle between the voltage and current alternating components.

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