Carbon sequestration method using basalt geochemical weathering mechanism and application

Abstract

This invention discloses a carbon sequestration method and its application utilizing the geochemical weathering mechanism of basalt, belonging to the field of soil conditioning. The method includes the following steps: S1, deploying a sensor array in the target area to measure soil pH and total nitrogen (N). t Including temperature and humidity, calculate soil carbon index data to determine carbon sequestration requirements; soil carbon index data includes soil CO2 concentration C s Carbon sequestration capacity of basalt M c and total soil carbon C t S2. Crush the basalt; decompose the organic fertilizer; crush and sieve the functional additives as needed; S3. Based on the carbon index data in step S1, determine the basic ratio of each raw material in the carbon-fixing fertilizer, and adjust the ratio accordingly. Mix all raw materials, granulate, and dry; S4. Select the fertilization method according to the differences in soil texture, based on the total soil carbon content C. t Determine the application rate and monitor soil CO2 concentration C regularly. s Basalt is replenished as needed, solving the problems of high cost and heavy pollution associated with existing technologies.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of soil conditioning, specifically to a carbon sequestration method and its application utilizing the geochemical weathering mechanism of basalt. Background Technology

[0002] From a global technological perspective, most carbon sequestration solutions face a dilemma between cost and environmental protection. First, while mainstream technologies relying on chemical reagents can achieve carbon sequestration, their high cost stems from complex raw material procurement and processing. More seriously, chemical reagents can easily leave harmful residues in the soil, disrupting the ecological balance of farmland. Second, these technologies are often disconnected from actual agricultural needs and lack functional synergy. They tend to focus on a single carbon sequestration objective, frequently resulting in soil nutrient imbalances during the carbon sequestration process. Furthermore, they fail to optimize solutions based on differences in farmland soil properties and climatic conditions, leading to inconsistent application results across different regions.

[0003] Natural mineral-based carbon fixation pathways have become a research hotspot, with basalt exhibiting particularly unique advantages. As an abundant natural silicate rock in the Earth's crust, it requires no complex industrial synthesis and can be prepared simply through mining (200 yuan / ton) and grinding (100 yuan / ton), with a total cost only 15% of traditional chemical reagents. After being applied to the soil, it fixes carbon through natural weathering and carbonation reactions, with no chemical additives throughout the process, thus avoiding residual pollution at the source. Furthermore, the calcium, magnesium, and silicon ions released during the reaction can directly replenish the medium-level elements that are easily lacking in the soil, achieving a natural synergy between carbon fixation and soil enrichment. In recent years, numerous studies and technological attempts have applied basalt to agricultural carbon sequestration. Chinese patent CN117665262A discloses a quantitative assessment method, system, and equipment for the CO2 carbon sequestration potential of basalt. However, this technology only focuses on assessing the carbon sequestration potential of basalt, and existing technologies still have significant limitations: most technologies do not optimize basalt particle size for farmland surface environments and lack regionally differentiated designs for different soil properties and climatic conditions. Furthermore, there is a lack of effective control over the potential release risk of heavy metals from basalt, making it difficult to fully comply with agricultural land safety standards. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop a basalt-based carbon sequestration technology that combines low cost, no chemical pollution, high carbon sequestration efficiency, strong regional adaptability, and nutrient synergistic properties to address the current technological bottlenecks in agricultural carbon sequestration. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To alleviate or partially alleviate the above-mentioned technical problems, the solution of the present invention is as follows:

[0005] A carbon sequestration method utilizing the geochemical weathering mechanism of basalt includes the following steps:

[0006] Step S1, Sensor Data Acquisition and Carbon Index Calculation: Deploy a sensor array in the target area to measure soil pH and total nitrogen (N). tIncluding temperature and humidity, calculate soil carbon index data to determine carbon sequestration requirements; soil carbon index data includes soil CO2 concentration C s Carbon sequestration capacity of basalt M c and total soil carbon C t ;

[0007] Step S2, Pretreatment of carbon-fixing fertilizer raw materials: basalt is crushed to obtain basalt particles; organic fertilizer is composted to obtain composted organic fertilizer; functional auxiliary materials are crushed and sieved as needed.

[0008] Step S3, Solid Fertilizer Formulation Optimization and Granulation: Based on the carbon index data from Step S1, determine the basic proportions of each raw material in the carbon sequestration fertilizer, and combine this with soil pH and total nitrogen N. t Adjust the proportions according to temperature and humidity differences, mix all raw materials, granulate and dry them;

[0009] Step S4, Fertilizer Application and Dynamic Regulation: Select the fertilization method according to soil texture differences, based on the total soil carbon content C. t Determine the application rate and monitor soil CO2 concentration C regularly. s Basalt is replenished as needed to ensure carbon sequestration.

[0010] Preferably, step S1, which involves deploying a sensor array in the target area, includes: deploying three types of sensors—gas, soil, and environment—in a 5m×5m grid in the target area. The soil sensors are buried at a depth of 5cm, and the gas sensors are placed 2cm below the soil surface. Data is collected every 2 hours for 7 consecutive days. After removing outliers that deviate from the mean ±3σ, the mean is taken.

[0011] Soil CO2 concentration C in step S1 s According to formula C s =Calculated as (V1-V2) / V0×100%, where V1 is the "volume of gas that did not participate in the reaction" in the blank group; V2 is the total volume of carbon dioxide consumed by the sodium hydroxide standard sample; and V0 is the total volume of soil CO2 collected in a single sampling.

[0012] M c According to formula M c =(M1×ω1 / 56+M1×ω2 / 40)×44, where M1 is the mass of basalt, and ω1 and ω2 are the contents of calcium and magnesium minerals, respectively;

[0013] C t Press C t =C or9 +C inor9 Calculate, where C or9 The amount of organic carbon, C, calculated using the potassium dichromate oxidation method. inor9 The amount of inorganic carbon was calculated using the hydrochloric acid digestion-volume method.

[0014] Preferably, the basalt crushing in step S2 includes: the basalt is first crushed by an XPC-100×125 crusher, and then finely ground by a QM-3SP4 ball mill to a suitable particle size of 0.1-0.2mm and a total calcium and magnesium mineral content of ≥30%.

[0015] Preferably, in step S3, the basic proportions of the carbon-fixing fertilizer, by weight percentage, include:

[0016] Basalt particles 30%-45%;

[0017] Well-rotted organic fertilizer 20%-40%;

[0018] The base fertilizer with an NPK ratio of 15:10:15 and a content of 10%-48% is also present.

[0019] Functional excipients 2%-5%;

[0020] The functional excipients include sustained-release agents.

[0021] Preferably, the rule for differentiated adjustment in step S3 is as follows: when the soil pH < 7.0, the functional additives also include quicklime, and the amount of quicklime added accounts for 1%-2% of the carbon sequestration fertilizer by weight; N t When the content is <1.0g / kg, the proportion of well-rotted organic fertilizer increases to 35%-40%; when the temperature is >25℃ and the humidity is >35%, the proportion of slow-release agent in carbon-fixing fertilizer is 5%-8% by weight.

[0022] Preferably, in step S3, the mixing is performed using a twin-shaft paddle mixer at a speed of 300 r / min for 20 min, and the coefficient of variation of the mixing uniformity is ≤5%.

[0023] Granulation is performed using a disc granulator, with a particle size of 2-3 mm.

[0024] Drying is performed at 50℃ until the moisture content is ≤10%.

[0025] Preferably, in step S4, when the soil texture is sandy soil, the fertilization method is "strip application + 2cm soil covering", with the trenches being 4cm deep and 10cm wide; when the soil texture is clay soil, the fertilization method is "hole application", with the holes spaced 10cm×10cm apart and 5cm deep; when the soil texture is saline-alkali soil, the fertilization method is "slurry spraying".

[0026] Fertilizer weight is based on total soil carbon C t As the core benchmark, C t When the concentration is <12g / kg, the total application rate is 1500kg / ha; C t At a concentration of 12-15 g / kg, the total application rate is 1200-1300 kg / ha; Ct When the concentration is >15g / kg, the total application rate is 1000kg / hectare.

[0027] Preferably, in step S4, the soil CO2 concentration C is re-sampled every 5 days after fertilization. s When the soil CO2 concentration C s When the value decreases by more than 50% from the initial value, supplement with 10%-15% basalt particles based on the total mass of the first application of carbon-fixing fertilizer.

[0028] Preferably, the specific surface area of ​​the basalt particles is ≥500 m². 2 / kg, Ca at room temperature 2+ Release rate ≥0.5mg / (g·d); organic matter content of decomposed organic fertilizer ≥45%, germination index ≥80%; finished carbon-fixing fertilizer is 2-3mm granules.

[0029] This plan also provides the application of the carbon sequestration method using the geochemical weathering mechanism of basalt in the carbon sequestration and fertilization of rice-growing soil, wheat-growing soil and corn-growing soil.

[0030] The technical solution of this invention has the following beneficial technical effects:

[0031] (1) The basalt-based carbon fixation technology provided in this scheme has the characteristics of low cost, less chemical pollution, high carbon fixation efficiency, strong regional adaptability and synergistic nutrient supply.

[0032] (2) The carbon fixation capacity of the carbon fixation fertilizer in this scheme can reach 6.8-7.2 g / kg at room temperature. The carbon form is stable carbonate, the reverse release rate is <10%, and it can increase the soil cation exchange capacity by 15%-20%.

[0033] (3) The full-process technology system of this scheme is compatible with most large-scale agricultural applications, and the carbon sequestration effect in special areas such as arid areas in the north and acidic red soil is greatly improved.

[0034] Furthermore, other beneficial effects of the present invention will be mentioned in the specific embodiments. Attached Figure Description

[0035] Figure 1 This is a flowchart of the method for increasing carbon sequestration through the geochemical weathering mechanism of basalt in this scheme;

[0036] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the reaction after basalt is applied;

[0037] Figure 3 This is a graph showing the change in total nitrogen content after the application of basalt compound fertilizer in this scheme;

[0038] Figure 4 This is a graph showing the change in carbon sequestration after the application of basalt compound fertilizer in this scheme.

[0039] Figure 5 This is a graph showing the changes in soil pH after the application of basalt compound fertilizer according to this plan;

[0040] Figure 6 This is a trend chart of soil pH value and remediation time after fertilizer application according to this plan;

[0041] Figure 7 This is a graph showing the change in soil CO2 concentration over time after fertilizer application according to this plan.

[0042] Figure 8 This is a comparison chart of the harmful residues of the carbon sequestration method in this scheme and traditional technologies. Detailed Implementation

[0043] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this invention clearer, the technical solutions of this invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some, not all, of the embodiments of this invention. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of this invention without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this invention.

[0044] like Figure 1 As shown, the carbon sequestration method utilizing the geochemical weathering mechanism of basalt includes the following steps:

[0045] Step S1: Sensor Data Acquisition and Carbon Index Calculation: Three types of sensors—gas, soil, and environmental—are deployed in a 5m×5m grid within the target area. Soil sensors are buried 5cm deep, and gas sensors are placed 2cm below the soil surface. Data is collected every 2 hours for 7 consecutive days. Outliers deviating from the mean ±3σ are removed, and the mean is taken. Soil pH and total nitrogen (N) are measured. t Including temperature and humidity, calculate soil carbon index data to determine carbon sequestration requirements; soil carbon index data includes soil CO2 concentration C s Carbon sequestration capacity of basalt M c and total soil carbon C t ;

[0046] Soil carbon index data is soil CO2 concentration C s Press C s =(V1-V2) / V0×100%, where V1 is the volume of gas that did not participate in the reaction in the blank group; V2 is the total volume of carbon dioxide consumed by the sodium hydroxide standard sample; and V0 is the total volume of soil CO2 collected in a single sampling.

[0047] The experiment used a 500mL gas sampling bag, a 250mL Erlenmeyer flask, an acid burette, and standard solutions of 0.1mol / L NaOH, 0.1mol / L HCl, and phenolphthalein indicator. The specific procedures were as follows: Sampling was performed, and the volume of the sampling bag was recorded as V0 (total volume of soil gas collected in a single sampling, in mL). For the blank control group, 50mL of NaOH solution was placed in an Erlenmeyer flask, and the rubber stopper with the gas delivery tube was tightly sealed (the gas delivery tube was left empty). After reacting in a constant temperature water bath at 25℃ for 30 minutes, phenolphthalein indicator was added, and titration with HCl was performed to the endpoint. The volume consumed, V, was recorded. 1h Simultaneously, a reagent blank control consisting only of NaOH and phenolphthalein was prepared, and the volume V consumed was recorded. 10 The formula V1=V0×(V 10 -V 1h ) / V 10 The derivation yields (after excluding interference from NaOH volatilization and trace amounts of CO2 in the air, the volume of unreacted gas in the blank system, in mL); For the sample group, the same volume of NaOH solution is taken, and V0 volume of soil gas is slowly passed into the solution while aeration continues for 5 min. After sealing the bottle, the reaction proceeds under the same conditions for 30 min. After titration, the volume of HCl consumed, V, is recorded. 2h The formula V2=V0×(V 10 -V 2h ) / V 10 V2 (the volume of gas remaining after CO2 is absorbed by NaOH in the sample group, in mL, representing the volume of other components in the soil gas besides CO2) is derived, and finally calculated according to formula C. s =(V1-V2) / V0×100% to calculate soil CO2 concentration. The experiment needs to be performed in 3 parallel samples (deviation ≤5%). Before sampling, check the sealing of the sampling bag and calibrate the burette before titration to ensure data accuracy.

[0048] Basalt carbon sequestration capacity M c Press M c =(M1×ω1 / 56+M1×ω2 / 40)×44, where M1 is the mass of basalt, ω1 / ω2 is the content of calcium / magnesium minerals, and 44 is the molar mass of CO2.

[0049] Total soil carbon C t Press C t =C or9 +C inor9 , where C or9 C represents the amount of organic carbon calculated using the potassium dichromate oxidation method. inor9 The inorganic carbon content is calculated using the hydrochloric acid digestion-volume method.

[0050] Soil pH, soil temperature, humidity, basalt particle size (D), and total soil nitrogen (N) tAll indicators can be directly measured. With carbon-related indicators as the core, the formula is: "Basalt percentage (%) = (Target carbon sequestration ÷ Carbon sequestration per unit basalt M)". c ") × 100%", where the carbon sequestration in the target soil is determined by the soil CO2 concentration C s Determine (C) s When >0.8%, the target carbon sequestration increases to 1.2 times, C s (When <0.4%, it drops to 0.8 times);

[0051] Step S2: Basalt is crushed using a laboratory crusher (XPC-100×125) and finely ground using a laboratory ball mill (QM-3SP4). The suitable particle size is 0.1-0.15mm for sandy soil and 0.15-0.2mm for clay soil, with a total calcium and magnesium mineral content ≥30%. Organic fertilizer is composted in a trough at 55-65℃ for 5 days, with the moisture content controlled at 18%-20%, and then pulverized to 20 mesh. Functional auxiliary materials are pulverized and sieved as needed.

[0052] Step S3, Solid Fertilizer Formulation Optimization and Granulation: Based on the carbon index data from Step S1, determine the basic proportions of each raw material in the carbon sequestration fertilizer, and combine this with soil pH and total nitrogen N. t Adjust the proportions according to temperature and humidity differences, mix all raw materials, granulate and dry them;

[0053] The basic proportions of carbon sequestration fertilizer, by weight percentage, include:

[0054] Basalt particles 30%-45%;

[0055] Well-rotted organic fertilizer 20%-40%;

[0056] The base fertilizer with an NPK ratio of 15:10:15 and a content of 10%-48% is also present.

[0057] Functional excipients 2%-5%;

[0058] The functional excipients include sustained-release agents;

[0059] The slow-release agent is a natural polysaccharide base and a plant fiber base, preferably a chitosan-straw composite slow-release agent (chitosan to straw mass ratio 2-5:1) or a humic acid-diatomaceous earth composite slow-release agent (humic acid to diatomaceous earth mass ratio 1-3:1). Its function is to delay the release of nutrients in decomposed organic fertilizer in high temperature and high humidity areas through polysaccharide coating or porous adsorption.

[0060] The differential adjustment rule is: for pH < 7.0, add 1%-2% quicklime; N t The proportion of organic fertilizer in soil with a density of <1.0g / kg should be increased to 30%-40%; the proportion of slow-release agent in areas with a temperature >25℃ and humidity >35% should be 5%-8%.

[0061] The mixture was mixed using a twin-shaft paddle mixer at 300 r / min for 20 min, with a mixing uniformity variation coefficient ≤5%.

[0062] Granulation is performed using a disc granulator, with a particle size of 2-3 mm.

[0063] Drying is performed at 50℃ until the moisture content is ≤10%.

[0064] Step S4, Application and Regulation: For sandy soil, apply in strips (4cm deep, 10cm wide trenches) and cover with 2cm of soil; for clay soil, apply in holes (10cm x 10cm spacing, 5cm depth); for saline-alkali soil, apply as a slurry spray. The fertilizer weight is based on the total soil carbon content (C). t As the core benchmark, C t When the concentration is <12g / kg, the total application rate is 1500kg / ha. C t When the concentration is 12-15 g / kg, supplement with 1200-1300 kg / ha. C t When the concentration is >15g / kg, the concentration is 1000kg / ha. Reharvest C every 5 days after application. s With pH value, C s If the value drops by more than 50% from the initial value, supplement with 10%-15% basalt particles.

[0065] Specific surface area of ​​basalt particles ≥ 500 m² 2 / kg, Ca at room temperature 2+ Release rate ≥0.5mg / (g·d); organic matter content of decomposed organic fertilizer ≥45%, germination index ≥80%; finished carbon-fixing fertilizer is 2-3mm granules.

[0066] The above-mentioned carbon sequestration method utilizing the geochemical weathering mechanism of basalt has been applied to carbon sequestration and fertilization in rice-growing soils, wheat-growing soils, and corn-growing soils.

[0067] The following describes embodiments of this application. The embodiments described below are exemplary and are only used to explain this application, and should not be construed as limiting this application. Where specific techniques or conditions are not specified in the embodiments, they are performed according to the techniques or conditions described in the literature in this field or according to the product instructions. Reagents or instruments used, unless otherwise specified, are all conventional products that can be obtained commercially.

[0068] Example 1

[0069] Acidic red soil (pH 5.2) (Sichuan, Yunnan, Guizhou and Changdu areas)

[0070] 10 kg of acidic red soil from the Sichuan-Yunnan-Guizhou region was collected, impurities removed, and sieved through a 2 mm sieve. The pH was 5.2 and total nitrogen was 0.8 g / kg. Basalt was crushed to 0.15 mm using a QLM-100 pulverizer, and X-ray fluorescence analysis showed 28% calcium and 12% magnesium. Granular fertilizer was prepared according to the formula: 450 g basalt + 350 g organic fertilizer + 20 g quicklime + 30 g slow-release agent + 150 g NPK. 50 g of quicklime was added to the soil and mixed thoroughly. After standing for 24 hours, the pH was adjusted to 6.8. 20 g of quicklime was applied to holes spaced 10 cm x 10 cm and 5 cm deep. After 30 days, soil nutrient analysis showed carbon sequestration of 7.0 g / kg, total nitrogen increase of 1.5 g / kg, and heavy metal residue <0.05 mg / kg.

[0071] Example 2

[0072] Neutral black soil (pH 7.1) (Greater Khingan Mountains, Songliao Basin and surrounding areas)

[0073] 10 kg of neutral black soil from the Songliao Basin was sieved and, after testing, measured by a sensor to be pH 7.1, total nitrogen 1.5 g / kg, and temperature 18℃. Basalt was crushed to 0.18 mm (total calcium and magnesium 35%), and organic fertilizer was decomposed to a moisture content of 19%. Granular fertilizer was prepared by mixing 300 g of basalt, 200 g of organic fertilizer, 20 g of slow-release agent, and 480 g of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium. It was applied in strips, with trenches 4 cm deep and 10 cm wide. After application, the fertilizer was mixed with the soil and covered with 2 cm of topsoil. After 30 days, the soil showed carbon sequestration of 7.2 g / kg, total nitrogen of 1.8 g / kg, and a 20% increase in soil porosity (measured by a ring sampler), indicating a significant improvement in aeration.

[0074] Example 3

[0075] Slightly saline-alkali soil (pH 8.3) (Heyuan, Sanshui Basin and surrounding areas in Guangdong)

[0076] 10 kg of slightly saline-alkali soil from the Heyuan area was tested and found to have a pH of 8.3, a salt content of 0.3%, and a total nitrogen of 0.6 g / kg. Basalt was crushed to 0.12 mm (calcium and magnesium 30%), and well-rotted sheep manure was selected as the organic fertilizer for reducing salinity. A mixture of 400 g basalt, 400 g sheep manure, 50 g humus, 50 g slow-release agent, and 100 g NPK was prepared, with 10% water added to form a slurry. 120 g of humus was added to the soil and mixed thoroughly. After irrigating and leaching, the mixture was allowed to stand for 2 days until the pH dropped to 7.8. The slurry was then evenly sprayed on and the surface soil was lightly raken. After 30 days, the carbon sequestration was 6.8 g / kg, the salt content decreased to 0.15%, and the total nitrogen increased by 1.3 g / kg.

[0077] This technology and fertilizer are suitable for farmland improvement and mine remediation. The fertilizer fixes 6.8-7.2 g / kg of carbon at room temperature, costs only 30% of traditional reagents, and can also improve soil fertility and increase crop root fresh weight by 8%-12%.

[0078] Figure 2This is a schematic diagram illustrating the reaction after basalt application. After basalt is added, carbonic acid is produced in the soil through respiration from plant leaves. This carbonic acid reacts with the silicates (calcium or magnesium salts) in the basalt from the added carbon-fixing fertilizer, producing calcium / magnesium bicarbonate. The bicarbonate ions dissociate and are absorbed by the plant roots; the relatively stable calcium / magnesium carbonate is then stored. Figure 3 As shown, the total nitrogen content increased significantly after the application of basalt compound fertilizer; for example... Figure 4 As shown, the carbon sequestration capacity increases after applying basalt compound fertilizer; Figure 5 As shown, after applying basalt compound fertilizer according to this scheme, the pH of acidic soils increased; for slightly saline-alkaline soils, the pH decreased; as... Figure 6 The image shown is a trend chart of soil pH value and remediation time after fertilizer application according to this scheme. It can be seen that this scheme can provide long-term remediation. Figure 7 The graph shows the change in soil CO2 concentration over time after fertilizer application. After fertilizer application, the soil CO2 concentration shows a decreasing trend. Figure 8 The diagram shows a comparison of the harmful residues of the carbon fixation method in this scheme with those of existing technologies. Compared with existing methods, this scheme leaves fewer harmful residues.

[0079] To better illustrate the present invention, numerous specific details have been provided in the detailed embodiments described above. Those skilled in the art should understand that the present invention can be practiced even without certain specific details. In some instances, methods, means, components, and circuits well known to those skilled in the art have not been described in detail in order to highlight the main points of the present invention.

[0080] The above description is merely a specific embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any variations or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed in the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention. Therefore, the scope of protection of the present invention should be determined by the scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A carbon sequestration method utilizing the geochemical weathering mechanism of basalt, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: Step S1, Sensor Data Acquisition and Carbon Index Calculation: Deploy a sensor array in the target area to measure soil pH and total nitrogen (N). t Including temperature and humidity, calculate soil carbon index data to determine carbon sequestration requirements; soil carbon index data includes soil CO2 concentration C s Carbon sequestration capacity of basalt M c and total soil carbon C t ; Step S2, Pretreatment of carbon-fixing fertilizer raw materials: basalt is crushed to obtain basalt particles; organic fertilizer is composted to obtain composted organic fertilizer; functional auxiliary materials are crushed and sieved as needed. Step S3, Solid Fertilizer Formulation Optimization and Granulation: Based on the carbon index data from Step S1, determine the basic proportions of each raw material in the carbon sequestration fertilizer, and combine this with soil pH and total nitrogen N. t Adjust the proportions according to temperature and humidity differences, mix all raw materials, granulate and dry them; Step S4, Fertilizer Application and Dynamic Regulation: Select the fertilization method according to soil texture differences, based on the total soil carbon content C. t Determine the application rate and monitor soil CO2 concentration C regularly. s Basalt will be replenished as needed to ensure carbon sequestration effectiveness; Step S1 involves deploying a sensor array in the target area, including: deploying three types of sensors—gas, soil, and environment—in a 5m×5m grid in the target area. The soil sensors are buried at a depth of 5cm, and the gas sensors are placed 2cm below the soil surface. Data is collected every 2 hours for 7 consecutive days. Outliers deviating from the mean ±3σ are removed, and the mean is taken. Soil CO2 concentration C in step S1 s According to formula C s =Calculated as (V1-V2) / V0×100%, where V1 is the "volume of gas that did not participate in the reaction" in the blank group; V2 is the total volume of carbon dioxide consumed by the sodium hydroxide standard sample; and V0 is the total volume of soil CO2 collected in a single sampling. M c According to formula M c =(M1×ω1 / 56+M1×ω2 / 40)×44, where M1 is the mass of basalt, and ω1 and ω2 are the contents of calcium and magnesium minerals, respectively; C t Press C t =C or9 +C inor9 Calculate, where C or9 The amount of organic carbon, C, calculated using the potassium dichromate oxidation method. inor9 The amount of inorganic carbon was calculated using the hydrochloric acid digestion-volume method.

2. The carbon sequestration method utilizing the geochemical weathering mechanism of basalt as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The basalt crushing process in step S2 includes: first crushing the basalt with an XPC-100×125 crusher, and then fine grinding with a QM-3SP4 ball mill to achieve a particle size of 0.1-0.2mm and a total calcium and magnesium mineral content of ≥30%.

3. A carbon sequestration method utilizing the geochemical weathering mechanism of basalt as described in claim 1, characterized in that, In step S3, the basic proportions of the carbon sequestration fertilizer, by weight percentage, include: Basalt particles 30%-45%; Well-rotted organic fertilizer 20%-40%; The base fertilizer with an NPK ratio of 15:10:15 and a content of 10%-48% is also present. Functional excipients 2%-5%; The functional excipients include sustained-release agents.

4. A carbon sequestration method utilizing the geochemical weathering mechanism of basalt as described in claim 3, characterized in that, The rules for differentiated adjustment in step S3 are as follows: when the soil pH is < 7.0, the functional additives also include quicklime, and the amount of quicklime added accounts for 1%-2% of the carbon sequestration fertilizer by weight; N t When the content is <1.0g / kg, the proportion of well-rotted organic fertilizer increases to 35%-40%; when the temperature is >25℃ and the humidity is >35%, the proportion of slow-release agent in carbon-fixing fertilizer is 5%-8% by weight.

5. A carbon sequestration method utilizing the geochemical weathering mechanism of basalt as described in claim 1, characterized in that, In step S3, the mixing is performed using a twin-shaft paddle mixer at a speed of 300 r / min for 20 min, with a mixing uniformity variation coefficient ≤ 5%. Granulation is performed using a disc granulator, with a particle size of 2-3 mm. Drying is performed at 50℃ until the moisture content is ≤10%.

6. A carbon sequestration method utilizing the geochemical weathering mechanism of basalt as described in claim 1, characterized in that, In step S4, when the soil texture is sandy soil, the fertilization method is "strip application + 2cm soil covering", with the trenches 4cm deep and 10cm wide; when the soil texture is clay soil, the fertilization method is "hole application", with the holes spaced 10cm×10cm apart and 5cm deep; when the soil texture is saline-alkali soil, the fertilization method is "slurry spraying". Fertilizer weight is based on total soil carbon C t As the core benchmark, C t When the concentration is <12g / kg, the total application rate is 1500kg / ha; C t At a concentration of 12-15 g / kg, the total application rate is 1200-1300 kg / ha; C t When the concentration is >15g / kg, the total application rate is 1000kg / hectare.

7. A carbon fixation method utilizing the geochemical weathering mechanism of basalt as described in claim 1, characterized in that, In step S4, soil CO2 concentration C is re-sampled every 5 days after fertilization. s When the soil CO2 concentration C s When the value decreases by more than 50% from the initial value, supplement with 10%-15% basalt particles based on the total mass of the first application of carbon-fixing fertilizer.

8. A carbon fixation method utilizing the geochemical weathering mechanism of basalt as described in claim 3, characterized in that, Specific surface area of ​​basalt particles ≥ 500 m² 2 / kg, Ca at room temperature 2+ Release rate ≥0.5mg / (g·d); organic matter content of decomposed organic fertilizer ≥45%, germination index ≥80%; finished carbon-fixing fertilizer is 2-3mm granules.

9. The application of a carbon sequestration method based on the geochemical weathering mechanism of basalt as described in any one of claims 1-8 in carbon sequestration and fertilization of rice-growing soil, wheat-growing soil and corn-growing soil.

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