Forestry seedling transplanting device with soil and root protection function

Abstract

The invention provides a forestry seedling transplanting device with soil and root protection, and relates to the technical field of forestry seedling culture, the forestry seedling transplanting device comprises a transplanting device base, a calibration measuring rod is fixedly installed below the transplanting device base, a measuring mark is engraved on the calibration measuring rod, a hydraulic excavating device is arranged above the transplanting device base, and the hydraulic excavating device is connected with the transplanting device base. A hydraulic mechanism and a digging shovel are arranged on the hydraulic digging equipment, a sapling fixing plate is arranged above the transplanting device base, a self-adaptive adjusting mechanism is arranged above the transplanting device base, and the self-adaptive adjusting mechanism can adjust the digging range of the hydraulic digging equipment according to saplings of trunks with different thicknesses. By arranging the self-adaptive adjusting mechanism composed of the connecting structure, the driving component, the sensing assembly and the adjusting nodes, the excavating range of the excavating equipment can be automatically adjusted according to sapling trunks with different thicknesses, after the sensing assembly makes contact with saplings and triggers pressure signals, the size of an excavating area can be accurately controlled, and the situation that the root system is damaged due to the too large excavating range is avoided.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The application belongs to the technical field of forestry seedling cultivation, and more particularly relates to a forestry seedling cultivation soil-root-protecting transplanting device. BACKGROUND

[0002] Tree seedling transplanting is a key link for cultivating healthy plants and optimizing planting layout, and the core is to create a more suitable growth environment for seedlings. Before transplanting, healthy seedlings with developed root systems and no pests and diseases are selected, high-temperature strong light or cold periods are avoided, and operations are preferably performed in spring and autumn when the soil is moist. When the seedlings are removed, an appropriate amount of original soil is retained to reduce root damage. The planting pit needs to be pre-applied with decomposed base fertilizer and mixed with the soil. The seedling root system is stretched, and the depth is appropriate. After planting, the root water is poured thoroughly in time. Subsequently, water is supplemented according to the soil moisture content, and sun exposure and strong wind invasion are avoided. Reasonable transplanting operation can promote the expansion of the seedling root system, improve the survival rate, and lay a good foundation for subsequent growth.

[0003] The current transplanting device has at least the following problems: First, forestry seedling transplanting operations are widely used in nursery cultivation, mountain afforestation, urban greening seedling planting, and other scenes. The seedlings to be transplanted cover multiple growth stages from 1-3 year-old seedlings to 5-year-old and above seedlings. The trunk diameters vary from 3 cm to 15 cm, and the thickness difference is significant. In actual digging operations, to ensure the soil-root-protecting effect of the seedlings, the appropriate digging range, i.e., the size of the soil ball, needs to be matched according to the thickness of the trunk of each seedling. The digging range of the existing transplanting and digging device is mostly a fixed specification pre-set at the factory, or needs to be adjusted by the operator through a manual knob, a button, or the like. The adjustment process relies on experience and takes a long time, and it is difficult to realize real-time and accurate adaptation to the thickness of the seedlings. In this case, if the digging range does not match the actual needs of the seedlings, the outer soil of the root system may fall off, and the capillary roots may be damaged due to the digging range being too large, or only a small amount of root system can be wrapped, and a large amount of surface miscellaneous soil and grass roots can be carried due to the digging range being too small. This not only increases the workload of subsequent soil ball arrangement, but also may cause slow recovery of the seedlings after transplanting, reduced survival rate, and indirectly increased overall cost and operation cycle of forestry seedling transplanting due to root damage and hidden dangers of pests and diseases in the miscellaneous soil.

[0004] Secondly, forestry seedling transplanting operations often face diverse terrains such as plain nurseries, hilly slopes, and mountain forests. The mechanical vibration generated by the equipment during excavation, as well as the lateral force on the seedlings when the soil layer is loosened, can easily lead to a decrease in seedling stability. In existing transplanting devices, if the seedlings are not fixed in time, the excavation vibration can easily cause the seedlings to shift laterally, tilt, or even fall over, resulting in misalignment of the soil ball and root system after subsequent excavation, affecting the effect of protecting the roots with soil. If rigid clamps are used for fixing, the clamps are in direct hard contact with the trunk, which can easily cause scratches on the bark of young seedlings and deformation of the trunk of mature seedlings due to compression, damaging the protective tissue of the bark and the internal vascular tissue of the trunk. These problems not only affect the appearance integrity of the seedlings, but may also lead to obstruction of nutrient and water transport after transplanting, increasing the risk of pathogen invasion, thereby prolonging the seedling recovery period, reducing the transplant survival rate, and increasing the replanting costs and rework rate of seedling enterprises and afforestation units. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To address the aforementioned technical problems, this invention provides a forestry seedling transplanting device with soil and root protection, thus resolving the problems described above.

[0006] A forestry seedling transplanting device with soil and root protection includes a transplanting device base, a calibration measuring rod fixedly installed below the transplanting device base with measuring marks engraved on the calibration measuring rod, a hydraulic digging device above the transplanting device base with a hydraulic mechanism and a digging shovel, a seedling fixing plate above the transplanting device base, and an adaptive adjustment mechanism above the transplanting device base that can adjust the digging range of the hydraulic digging device according to the seedlings with different trunk thicknesses. An auxiliary mechanism is located below the transplanting device base, which can measure whether the seedling is in the center of the digging area using the calibration measuring rod and can cover the root ball of the seedling after digging.

[0007] Preferably, the adaptive adjustment mechanism includes a connecting contactor with an interface, a signal receiver inside the connecting contactor, a hydraulic drive pump on the connecting contactor, a hydraulic drive rod fixedly mounted on the connecting contactor, the hydraulic drive rod connected to the hydraulic drive pump on the connecting contactor, a push rod on the hydraulic drive rod, a control sensor fixedly mounted on the hydraulic drive rod, the control sensor fixedly connected to the push rod on the hydraulic drive rod, a positioning rod on the control sensor, a flexible contact plate on the positioning rod on the control sensor, a pressure sensor inside the control sensor, and rigid connecting rods symmetrically arranged on both sides of the control sensor. The rigid connecting rods are connected to the control sensor through spherical bearings. Each of the hydraulic excavating devices is fixedly mounted with a range adjustment rod, and each range adjustment rod is fixedly mounted with a spur gear. The spur gears on every two range adjustment rods are meshed.

[0008] Preferably, the auxiliary mechanism includes a hydraulic shovel fixing plate, which is fixedly connected to a range adjustment rod. The hydraulic shovel fixing plate is symmetrically arranged on both sides of the connecting contactor. The seedling fixing plate is fixedly installed to the range adjustment rod. The seedling fixing plate is provided with an auxiliary fixing arm, which is connected to the seedling fixing plate by a spring. A limit shaft is slidably installed through the hydraulic shovel fixing plate and is fixedly installed on the connecting contactor. The hydraulic shovel fixing plate is fixedly connected to the transplanting device base. One of the transplanting device bases is fixedly installed with a tarpaulin storage tube on its side. The tarpaulin storage tube contains tarpaulin and has tarpaulin hooks on it. The other transplanting device base is fixedly installed with a tarpaulin lock buckle on its side.

[0009] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: In this invention, an adaptive adjustment mechanism consisting of a connecting structure, a driving component, a sensing component, a linkage rod, and an adjustment node is provided. This mechanism can automatically adjust the digging range of the digging equipment according to the thickness of the sapling trunk. When the sensing component contacts the sapling and triggers a pressure signal, it can accurately control the size of the digging area. This avoids damage to the root system due to an excessively large digging range, while also preventing the digging range from being too small and carrying excess soil and weed roots. This significantly improves the accuracy of the digging operation and makes the device suitable for transplanting saplings of different growth stages and thicknesses.

[0010] In this invention, a calibration measuring rod with a measuring mark, a spring sleeve, and a flexible measuring plate are provided. The calibration measuring rod can move closer to the seedling as the base of the transplanting device moves. When the flexible measuring plate is in contact with the seedling, it retracts into the spring sleeve. By observing the readings of the two sets of calibration measuring rods, the staff can quickly determine whether the seedling is in the middle of the excavation area, ensuring accurate excavation positioning, avoiding eccentricity of the root ball due to seedling displacement, ensuring the integrity of the root system and root ball, and laying the foundation for subsequent transplant survival.

[0011] In this invention, a seedling fixing plate with an auxiliary fixing arm is provided, and the fixing arm is connected to the main body of the fixing plate by a spring. Before the excavation operation, the fixing arm can move inward synchronously with the adjustment of the device. The elastic force of the spring can make the fixing arm fit tightly against the seedling trunk, while avoiding damage to the trunk caused by rigid clamping. It effectively prevents the seedling from shifting, collapsing or scratching the trunk due to vibration during excavation, and provides stable and gentle protection for the seedling, reducing the risk of physical damage to the seedling during transplantation.

[0012] In this invention, by providing a tarpaulin storage tube, a tarpaulin with tarpaulin hooks, and tarpaulin buckles respectively installed on the sides of the base of two transplanting devices, the tarpaulin inside the tarpaulin storage tube can be quickly pulled out after excavation to cover the soil ball, and then locked and fixed by the tarpaulin hooks and tarpaulin buckles. This can significantly reduce soil falling off the soil ball due to vibration during transportation, maintain the protective effect of the soil ball on the root system, reduce the risk of root exposure, and thus improve the survival rate of seedlings after transplanting. Attached Figure Description

[0013] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the contactor structure of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the base structure of the transplanting device of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the hydraulic excavation equipment of the present invention; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the flat gear structure of the present invention; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the tarpaulin storage tube structure of the present invention; Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the control sensor structure of the present invention; Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the hydraulic shovel fixing plate structure of the present invention; Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the rigid connecting rod structure of the present invention.

[0014] In the diagram, the correspondence between the component names and the attached drawing numbers is as follows: 1. Connecting contactor; 2. Limiting shaft; 3. Transplanting device base; 4. Calibration measuring rod; 5. Hydraulic drive rod; 6. Control sensor; 7. Rigid connecting rod; 8. Hydraulic excavating equipment; 9. Range adjustment rod; 10. Flat gear; 11. Hydraulic shovel fixing plate; 12. Seedling fixing plate; 13. Tarpaulin storage tube; 14. Tarpaulin hook; 15. Tarpaulin buckle. Detailed Implementation

[0015] The embodiments of the present invention will be described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples. The following examples are for illustrative purposes only and should not be construed as limiting the scope of the invention.

[0016] Please see Figures 1-9This invention provides a forestry seedling transplanting device with soil and root protection, including a transplanting device base 3. A calibration measuring rod 4 is fixedly installed below the transplanting device base 3. The calibration measuring rod 4 is engraved with measuring marks and is connected to the transplanting device base 3 through a spring sleeve. The calibration measuring rod 4 is used to measure whether the position of the excavated soil ball is in the center of the seedling. A flexible measuring plate is fixedly installed at one end of the calibration measuring rod 4. A hydraulic excavation device 8 is provided above the transplanting device base 3. The hydraulic excavation device 8 is equipped with a hydraulic mechanism and an excavation shovel. The hydraulic excavation device 8 is used to excavate the root system of the seedling to be transplanted and the soil on it. A seedling fixing plate 12 is provided above the transplanting device base 3. The seedling fixing plate 12 can hold the seedling during excavation and prevent the seedling from shifting and collapsing.

[0017] An adaptive adjustment mechanism is provided above the base 3 of the transplanting device. The adaptive adjustment mechanism can adjust the digging range of the hydraulic excavator 8 according to the seedlings with different trunk thicknesses, so as to prevent the root system from being damaged due to the digging range being too large or too small, and to prevent carrying excess soil and weed roots. An auxiliary mechanism is provided below the base 3 of the transplanting device. The auxiliary mechanism can measure whether the seedling is in the center of the digging area by calibrating the measuring rod 4, and can cover the soil ball of the seedling after digging.

[0018] like Figure 2 , Figure 4 , Figure 5 , Figure 7 and Figure 9As shown, the adaptive adjustment mechanism includes a connecting contactor 1 with an interface for connecting to the excavator's boom. The connecting contactor 1 contains a signal receiver and a hydraulic drive pump, which controls the hydraulic actuator. A hydraulic drive rod 5 is fixedly mounted on the connecting contactor 1 and connected to the hydraulic drive pump. A push rod is mounted on the hydraulic drive rod 5, and the hydraulic drive pump drives the push rod in an upward-tilting direction. A control sensor 6 is fixedly mounted on the hydraulic drive rod 5 and connected to the push rod. The device 6 is equipped with a positioning rod, and the positioning rod on the control sensor 6 is equipped with a flexible contact plate. The flexible contact plate can protect the seedling when the positioning rod contacts the seedling. The control sensor 6 is equipped with a pressure sensor. When the push rod on the hydraulic drive rod 5 pushes the control sensor 6 upward and contacts the seedling, the pressure sensor in the control sensor 6 is triggered, and a signal is sent to the signal receiver in the connected contactor 1 to control the hydraulic drive pump to stop driving. Rigid connecting rods 7 are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the control sensor 6. The rigid connecting rods 7 are connected to the control sensor 6 through joint bearings (joint bearings are existing technology, and their working principle is: the inner spherical sliding body and the outer bearing seat are the core structures, and the spherical surface of the inner sliding body and the inner spherical surface of the outer bearing seat form a close contact). By replacing rigid connections with sliding friction between spherical surfaces, multi-angle swinging and dead-angle-free rotation can be achieved, while bearing radial, axial, and combined loads, realizing flexible and stable connection and transmission. The hydraulic excavator 8 is divided into two groups. Each group has one hydraulic excavator 8 connected to two rigid connecting rods 7 via spherical bearings. Each hydraulic excavator 8 is fixedly equipped with a range adjustment rod 9, and each range adjustment rod 9 is fixedly equipped with a spur gear 10. The spur gears 10 on every two range adjustment rods 9 are meshed. When the two spur gears 10 are meshed, when one spur gear 10 is driven to rotate around its axis, the action and reaction forces between the spur gears 10 drive the other spur gear 10 to rotate in the opposite direction around its own axis. When the hydraulic drive rod 5 pushes the control sensor 6 to tilt upwards, the connection between the control sensor 6 and the rigid connecting rod 7 is a spherical bearing. The rigid connecting rod 7 can drive the two sets of hydraulic excavators 8 to move relative to each other. When the rigid connecting rod 7 tilts, it can drive the hydraulic excavator 8 connected to it to rotate at the required angle. Under the interaction of the two flat gears 10, the other hydraulic excavator 8 rotates synchronously, which reduces the excavation area covered by the hydraulic excavator 8. When the push rod on the control sensor 6 contacts the seedling, the pressure sensor controls the hydraulic drive pump to stop moving. At this time, the excavation area is exactly the size of the soil ball when the seedling is transplanted. At this time, the hydraulic mechanism on the hydraulic excavator 8 controls the digging shovel to move downwards and dig out the soil ball of the transplanted seedling.

[0019] like Figure 1 , Figure 3 , Figure 6 and Figure 8 As shown, the auxiliary mechanism includes a hydraulic shovel fixing plate 11, which is fixedly connected to the range adjustment rod 9. The hydraulic shovel fixing plate 11 is symmetrically arranged on both sides of the connecting contactor 1. The seedling fixing plate 12 is fixedly installed on the range adjustment rod 9. The seedling fixing plate 12 is provided with an auxiliary fixing arm, which is connected to the seedling fixing plate 12 by a spring. A limit shaft 2 is slidably installed through the hydraulic shovel fixing plate 11 and is fixedly installed on the connecting contactor 1. The hydraulic shovel fixing plate 11 is fixedly connected to the transplanting device base 3. When the rigid connecting rod 7 drives the two sets of hydraulic excavating equipment 8 to move relative to each other, under the limit of the transplanting device base 3 and the limit shaft 2, the hydraulic shovel fixing plate 11 and the transplanting device base 3 also move synchronously. The calibration measuring rod 4 above the transplanting device base 3 is aligned with the seedling and moves closer to it. The flexible measuring plate on the calibration measuring rod 4 fits the seedling and moves simultaneously with the seedling. The sapling is retracted into the spring sleeve, and the readings on the two calibration measuring rods 4 can be observed to determine whether the sapling is in the middle of the excavation area. The hydraulic shovel fixing plate 11 moves, which drives the adjusting rod connecting section flat gear 10 and the sapling fixing plate 12 on it to move. The fixing arm on the sapling fixing plate 12 moves inward to fix the sapling, preventing the sapling from being overturned or damaged due to vibration during excavation. One of the transplanting device bases 3 has a tarpaulin storage tube 13 fixedly installed on its side. The tarpaulin storage tube 13 contains a tarpaulin, and the tarpaulin inside the tarpaulin storage tube 13 has a tarpaulin hook 14. The other transplanting device base 3 has a tarpaulin lock buckle 15 fixedly installed on its side. The tarpaulin hook 14 can lock the tarpaulin lock buckle 15. After the sapling and the soil ball are dug out, the tarpaulin in the tarpaulin storage tube 13 is pulled out and covered under the soil ball. Then the tarpaulin hook 14 and the tarpaulin lock buckle 15 are locked to reduce the soil on the soil ball falling off due to vibration during transportation.

[0020] Working principle: The first step is to connect the interface on the contactor 1 to the excavator arm and start the hydraulic drive pump built into the contactor 1. The hydraulic drive pump drives the push rod on the hydraulic drive rod 5 to tilt upwards, and the push rod drives the control sensor 6 fixed to it to move synchronously. Because the control sensor 6 is connected to the rigid connecting rod 7 through a spherical bearing, when the rigid connecting rod 7 tilts and moves with the control sensor 6, it will pull the two sets of hydraulic excavating devices 8 closer together. At the same time, the tilt of the rigid connecting rod 7 will drive one side of the hydraulic excavating device 8 to rotate, and the other side of the hydraulic excavating device 8 will rotate synchronously under the reverse transmission of the meshing flat gear 10. When the flexible contact plate on the control sensor 6 touches the sapling, its internal pressure sensor is triggered, sending a stop signal to the signal receiver in the contactor 1. The hydraulic drive pump stops working. At this time, the excavation area formed by the two sets of hydraulic excavating devices 8 is exactly matched with the size of the soil ball required for the current sapling transplant, completing the adaptive adjustment of the excavation range.

[0021] In the second step, while the rigid connecting rod 7 drives the hydraulic excavator 8 to move, the hydraulic shovel fixing plate 11, which is fixedly connected to the range adjustment rod 9, moves synchronously with the transplanting device base 3 under the limiting action of the transplanting device base 3 and the limiting shaft 2. The calibration measuring rod 4 below the transplanting device base 3 moves closer to the sapling, and its flexible measuring plate fits against the sapling and retracts into the spring sleeve. By observing the readings on the measuring marks on the two sets of calibration measuring rods 4, it can be determined whether the sapling is in the center of the excavation area, ensuring accurate excavation position. At the same time, the sapling fixing plate 12, which is fixed to the range adjustment rod 9, moves synchronously, and its auxiliary fixing arm tightens inward under the action of spring tension, firmly fixing the sapling and preventing the sapling from falling over or the trunk and root system from being damaged due to vibration during the excavation process, thus providing stable conditions for subsequent excavation.

[0022] The third step involves confirming that the excavation area is suitable and the sapling is positioned and fixed. The hydraulic mechanism on the hydraulic excavator 8 is then activated, controlling the excavator shovel to penetrate deeper into the soil, precisely excavating the root system with soil attached, meeting the size requirements of the root ball. After excavation, the tarpaulin is removed from the tarpaulin storage tube 13 on the side of one of the transplanting device bases 3 and wrapped around the root ball from bottom to top, completely covering the surface of the root ball. Then, the tarpaulin hooks 14 on the tarpaulin are aligned and locked with the tarpaulin buckles 15 on the side of the other transplanting device base 3. The tarpaulin's wrapping action reduces soil loss due to bumps and vibrations during subsequent transportation, effectively protecting the sapling's root system and improving the transplant survival rate.

[0023] The embodiments of the present invention are given for illustrative and descriptive purposes only, and are not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the invention to the forms disclosed. Many modifications and variations will be apparent to those skilled in the art. The embodiments were chosen and described in order to better illustrate the principles and practical application of the invention, and to enable those skilled in the art to understand the invention and to design various embodiments with various modifications suitable for a particular purpose.

Claims

1. A forestry seedling with soil root protection transplanting device, comprising a transplanting device base (3), characterized in that: The calibration measuring rod (4) is fixedly installed below the transplanting device base (3), and a measuring mark is engraved on the calibration measuring rod (4); the hydraulic excavating device (8) is arranged above the transplanting device base (3), and a hydraulic mechanism and a digging shovel are arranged on the hydraulic excavating device (8); and the sapling fixing plate (12) is arranged above the transplanting device base (3). The self-adaptive adjusting mechanism is arranged above the transplanting device base (3), and can adjust the range of the hydraulic excavating device (8) according to saplings with different stem thicknesses; and the auxiliary mechanism is arranged below the transplanting device base (3), and can measure whether the sapling is in the center of the digging area through the calibration measuring rod (4), and can cover the soil ball of the sapling after the digging is completed.

2. The forestry seedling transplanting device with soil and root protection as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The self-adaptive adjusting mechanism comprises a connecting contactor (1), and the connecting contactor (1) is provided with an interface; and a signal receiver is arranged in the connecting contactor (1).

3. The forestry seedling transplanting device with soil and root protection as described in claim 2, characterized in that, The connecting contactor (1) is provided with a hydraulic drive pump, and the connecting contactor (1) is fixedly provided with a hydraulic drive rod (5), which is connected with the hydraulic drive pump on the connecting contactor (1).

4. The device according to claim 3, wherein the device is used for the seedling transplanting of forestry, and the device is characterized in that, A push rod is arranged on the hydraulic drive rod (5), and a control sensor (6) is fixedly arranged on the hydraulic drive rod (5), and the control sensor (6) is fixedly connected with the push rod on the hydraulic drive rod (5).

5. The forestry seedling transplanting device with soil and root protection as described in claim 4, characterized in that, A positioning rod is arranged on the control sensor (6), a flexible contact plate is arranged on the positioning rod of the control sensor (6), and a pressure sensor is arranged in the control sensor (6).

6. The forestry seedling transplanting device with soil and root protection as described in claim 5, characterized in that, Rigid connecting rods (7) are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the control sensor (6), and the rigid connecting rods (7) are connected with the control sensor (6) through joint bearings; and range adjusting rods (9) are fixedly arranged on each hydraulic excavating device (8).

7. The forestry seedling transplanting device with soil and root protection as described in claim 6, characterized in that, Flat gears (10) are fixedly arranged on the range adjusting rods (9), and the flat gears (10) on every two range adjusting rods (9) are in meshing connection.

8. The forestry seedling transplanting device with soil and root protection as described in claim 7, characterized in that, The auxiliary mechanism comprises a hydraulic shovel fixing plate (11), which is fixedly connected with the range adjusting rod (9) and symmetrically arranged on both sides of the connecting contactor (1).

9. The forestry seedling transplanting device with soil and root protection as described in claim 8, characterized in that, The sapling fixing plate (12) is fixedly arranged with the range adjusting rod (9), and an auxiliary fixing arm is arranged on the sapling fixing plate (12), and the auxiliary fixing arm on the sapling fixing plate (12) is connected with the sapling fixing plate (12) through a spring.

10. The device according to claim 9, wherein the device is used for transplanting seedlings in forestry. A limiting shaft (2) is slidably arranged through the hydraulic shovel fixing plate (11), the limiting shaft (2) is fixedly arranged on the connecting contactor (1), and the hydraulic shovel fixing plate (11) is fixedly connected with the transplanting device base (3); a tarpaulin storage cylinder (13) is fixedly arranged on one side of the transplanting device base (3), the tarpaulin storage cylinder (13) is provided with a tarpaulin, and the tarpaulin in the tarpaulin storage cylinder (13) is provided with a tarpaulin hook (14); and a tarpaulin lock buckle (15) is fixedly arranged on the other side of the transplanting device base (3).

Images