Liquid nitrogen assisted ultrasonic machining system

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of precision manufacturing, in particular to a liquid nitrogen assisted ultrasonic machining system which comprises an ultrasonic vibration drilling part, a liquid nitrogen assisted ultrasonic machining device and a liquid nitrogen assisted ultrasonic machining device, the ultrasonic vibration drilling part comprises a data acquisition control part and a high-frequency ultrasonic main shaft part, and the data acquisition control part is electrically connected with the high-frequency ultrasonic main shaft part on a machine tool; a mechanical signal of the high-frequency ultrasonic main shaft piece to the to-be-machined workpiece is collected in real time, and the drilling mode of the high-frequency ultrasonic main shaft piece to the to-be-machined workpiece is adjusted in real time; the high-frequency ultrasonic main shaft piece is installed on a feeding system of a machine tool and used for drilling a workpiece to be machined. And the liquid nitrogen cooling part comprises a liquid nitrogen conveying part and a liquid nitrogen spraying cooling part, and the liquid nitrogen conveying part is connected with the liquid nitrogen spraying cooling part in a penetrating mode so that nitrogen can be directionally sprayed to the drilling machining area through the liquid nitrogen spraying cooling part to cool the drilling machining area. The reliability and cooling efficiency of directionally and quantitatively spraying liquid nitrogen to a machining area are high, abrasion of a cutter (drill bit) can be effectively reduced, and the service life of the cutter (drill bit) is effectively prolonged.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of precision manufacturing, and more particularly to a liquid nitrogen-assisted ultrasonic processing system. Background Technology

[0002] In modern high-end manufacturing, difficult-to-machine materials, such as carbon fiber reinforced resin matrix composites, titanium alloys, and high-temperature alloys, are widely used in aerospace, precision instruments, and medical devices due to their excellent strength, heat resistance, and lightweight properties. However, the machining of these materials faces global technical challenges, including rapid tool wear, severe heat accumulation during cutting, and difficulty in controlling machining quality.

[0003] Currently, the most widely used solution in the industry to address these challenges is the traditional casting-type cooling and lubrication technology, which uses externally cast emulsions or oil-based cutting fluids for cooling and lubrication. Its core limitation lies in: Inefficient and imprecise cooling: The cutting fluid has difficulty penetrating effectively into the small, enclosed cutting area where the tool tip contacts the material, causing the area to become a "cooling dead zone" where heat cannot be dissipated in time; Environmental and cost pressures are enormous: traditional cutting fluids have poor biodegradability, their use, recycling and treatment processes are costly, and increasingly stringent environmental regulations limit their application; It can easily cause workpiece damage: For resin-based composite materials, certain cutting fluid components may corrode the matrix and affect the material properties; for metals, it may cause workpiece surface contamination and hinder subsequent processing.

[0004] Therefore, developing a liquid nitrogen-assisted ultrasonic machining system that can directionally and quantitatively spray liquid nitrogen into the machining area, precisely cool the machining area, and monitor and control the liquid nitrogen supply in real time through a flow meter to ensure the stability and reliability of the cooling process, improve tool life, effectively reduce the temperature and cutting force of the cutting area, and improve the chip removal effect during the machining process is of great value. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To address the technical problems existing in the prior art, this invention provides a liquid nitrogen-assisted ultrasonic processing system. The technical solution is as follows: A liquid nitrogen-assisted ultrasonic processing system, comprising: An ultrasonic vibration drilling component is mounted on a machine tool. The ultrasonic vibration drilling component includes a data acquisition and control unit and a high-frequency ultrasonic spindle. The data acquisition and control unit is electrically connected to the high-frequency ultrasonic spindle on the machine tool to acquire the mechanical signals of the workpiece to be processed in real time and adjust the drilling mode of the high-frequency ultrasonic spindle on the workpiece in real time. The high-frequency ultrasonic spindle is mounted on the feed system of the machine tool to perform drilling operations on the workpiece. A liquid nitrogen cooling component is disposed on the worktable of the machine tool. The liquid nitrogen cooling component includes a liquid nitrogen conveying component and a liquid nitrogen injection cooling component. The liquid nitrogen conveying component and the liquid nitrogen injection cooling component are connected in a through connection so as to directionally inject nitrogen gas to cool the drilling area through the liquid nitrogen injection cooling component.

[0006] Preferably, the high-frequency ultrasonic spindle includes a high-frequency ultrasonic spindle and an ultrasonic transducer. The high-frequency ultrasonic spindle is mounted on the feed system to control the drilling depth and drilling speed. The ultrasonic transducer is circumferentially driven on the high-frequency ultrasonic spindle, and the ultrasonic transducer performs high-frequency axial impact drilling on the workpiece through a drill bit mounted thereon.

[0007] Preferably, the high-frequency ultrasonic spindle includes a drilling power component, a drilling support component, and a high-frequency power transmission component. The drilling power component provides drilling power on the feed system, the drilling support component provides stable support on the drilling power component, and the high-frequency power transmission component efficiently transmits the high-frequency electrical energy generated by the ultrasonic generator to the ultrasonic transducer on the drilling power component.

[0008] Preferably, the ultrasonic transducer includes an amplitude amplifier and a high-frequency ultrasonic transducer. The amplitude amplifier drills the workpiece on the drilling support, and the high-frequency ultrasonic transducer provides high-frequency axial vibration to the drill bit on the amplitude amplifier.

[0009] Preferably, the liquid nitrogen delivery component includes a liquid nitrogen storage tank and an instrument valve group. The liquid nitrogen storage tank is connected to the instrument valve group, so that the liquid nitrogen in the liquid nitrogen storage tank enters the instrument valve group, is depressurized, and is delivered to the liquid nitrogen injection cooling component. The liquid nitrogen is then directionally sprayed onto the drilling area for cooling by the liquid nitrogen injection cooling component.

[0010] Preferably, the liquid nitrogen injection cooling component includes a lower adjustment component, a top adjustment component, and a liquid nitrogen nozzle component. The lower adjustment component is used on the worktable to adjust the pitch angle and height of the liquid nitrogen nozzle component, and the top adjustment component is used on the lower adjustment component to adjust the injection angle.

[0011] Preferably, the liquid nitrogen nozzle includes a nozzle body and a nozzle opening and closing adjustment component. The nozzle body is mounted on the top adjustment component, and its spray direction and spray angle are adjusted accordingly. The nozzle opening and closing adjustment component is disposed on the nozzle body to adjust the spray area of ​​the nozzle body.

[0012] Preferably, the nozzle body includes a nozzle housing and a nozzle inner wall. The sidewall of the nozzle housing is disposed on the top adjusting member. The nozzle housing is on the top adjusting member, and the nozzle inner wall is inside the nozzle housing. The two ports of the nozzle inner wall are respectively connected to the two ports of the nozzle housing. The inlet end of the nozzle body is connected to the nitrogen supply pipe of the instrument valve group. The liquid nitrogen supplied by the nitrogen supply pipe will be input through the inlet end of the nozzle inner wall and then sprayed out from the outlet end of the nozzle inner wall.

[0013] Preferably, the nozzle opening and closing adjustment component includes a frame-type wrench, an external adjustment transmission component, and an internal adjustment transmission component. The frame-type wrench is rotatably mounted on the nozzle housing. The external adjustment transmission component is connected to the frame-type wrench on the nozzle housing. The internal adjustment transmission component is connected to the external adjustment transmission component on the inner wall of the nozzle to adjust the size of the opening on the inner wall of the nozzle.

[0014] Preferably, the external adjustment transmission component includes a transmission wheel, a transmission belt, and a fixing block. One transmission wheel is fixedly mounted on one end of the door frame-shaped handle, and the other transmission wheel is rotatably mounted on the nozzle housing. The transmission belt is simultaneously mounted on both transmission wheels, and the fixing block is fixedly connected to the transmission belt. The internal adjustment transmission component includes pulleys and transmission ropes. Multiple pulleys are connected in series around the inner wall of the nozzle, so that multiple pulleys are correspondingly provided outside the upper and lower openings of the inner wall of the nozzle. Multiple transmission ropes are respectively connected to the external adjustment transmission component and the pulleys. The external adjustment transmission component drives the sliding component to slide axially through the transmission ropes, thereby adjusting the size of the opening of the inner wall of the nozzle.

[0015] The beneficial effects of the technical solutions provided in the embodiments of the present invention include at least the following: (1) The liquid nitrogen-assisted ultrasonic machining system of the present invention has high reliability and high cooling efficiency in the directional and quantitative spraying of liquid nitrogen in the machining area, which can effectively reduce tool (drill bit) wear and effectively improve tool (drill bit) service life; (2) The liquid nitrogen cooling system in the liquid nitrogen assisted ultrasonic processing system of the present invention sprays liquid nitrogen into the processing area through a specially designed nozzle. By optimizing the distance between the nozzle and the workpiece surface and its tilt angle relative to the feed direction, the processing area is accurately cooled. The liquid nitrogen supply is monitored and controlled in real time by a flow meter to ensure the stability and reliability of the cooling process. (3) The liquid nitrogen-assisted ultrasonic machining system of the present invention can significantly improve the tool life, effectively reduce the temperature and cutting force in the cutting area and improve the chip removal effect during the machining process through the synergistic effect of ultrasonic vibration and liquid nitrogen low temperature cooling, and is suitable for high-efficiency precision machining scenarios. Attached Figure Description

[0016] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the main structure of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a longitudinal sectional front view of the high-frequency ultrasonic spindle component in this invention; Figure 3 This is a longitudinal sectional front view of the ultrasonic transducer in this invention; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the liquid nitrogen injection cooling component in this invention; Figure 5 This is a front view of the liquid nitrogen nozzle component in this invention; Figure 6 This is a top view of the liquid nitrogen nozzle component in this invention; Figure 7 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the circumferential locking component in this invention; Figure 8 This is a cross-sectional three-dimensional structural diagram of the circumferential locking component in this invention.

[0017] In the diagram: 1-Workpiece to be processed, 2-Workbench, 3-Force gauge, 4-Charge amplifier, 5-Data acquisition unit, 6-Computer, 7-Drill bit, 8-Protective cover, 9-Stator, 11-Drive shaft, 12-First bearing, 13-Second bearing, 14-Electric slip ring, 15-Locking nut, 16-Rear cover, 17-Front cover, 18-Flange, 19-Amplitude rod, 20-Front liner, 21-Piezoelectric ceramic element, 22-Backing, 23-First bolt, 24-Insulating gasket, 25-Electrode plate, 26-Liquid nitrogen storage tank, 27-Upstream pressure tapping valve, 28-Downstream pressure tapping valve 29-Pressure gauge, 30-Base, 31-Angle hole positioning ring, 32-First rod, 33-Second rod, 34-Clamp, 35-Ball, 36-Locking mechanism, 37-Nozzle housing, 38-Nozzle inner wall, 39-Frame wrench, 40-Drive wheel, 41-Drive belt, 42-Fixing block, 43-Pulley, 44-Drive rope, 45-Ball valve, 46-Nozzle body, 47-Ultrasonic transducer, 48-Screw, 49-Tool chuck, 50-Locking disc, 51-Locking seat, 52-Locking pin, 53-Spring, 54-Locking cap. Detailed Implementation

[0018] The technical solution of the present invention will now be described with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0019] In embodiments of the present invention, words such as "exemplarily," "for example," etc., are used to indicate that something is an example, illustration, or description. Any embodiment or design described as "exemplary" in the present invention should not be construed as being more preferred or advantageous than other embodiments or designs. Specifically, the use of the word "exemplary" is intended to present the concept in a concrete manner. Furthermore, in embodiments of the present invention, the meaning expressed by "and / or" can be both, or either one.

[0020] In the embodiments of this invention, the terms "image" and "picture" may sometimes be used interchangeably. It should be noted that, without emphasizing the distinction between them, they convey the same meaning. Similarly, the terms "of," "corresponding (relevant)," and "corresponding" may sometimes be used interchangeably. It should be noted that, without emphasizing the distinction between them, they convey the same meaning.

[0021] In this embodiment of the invention, sometimes a subscript such as W1 may be written in a non-subscript form such as W1. When the difference is not emphasized, the meaning they express is the same.

[0022] To make the technical problems, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearer, a detailed description will be given below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0023] according to Figures 1-8 As shown, a liquid nitrogen-assisted ultrasonic machining system includes an ultrasonic vibrating drill and a liquid nitrogen cooling component. The ultrasonic vibrating drill is mounted on a machine tool (drilling machine or CNC machine tool) and is used to control the drilling depth and drilling speed of the drill bit 7 on the workpiece 1 to be machined. The liquid nitrogen cooling component sprays liquid nitrogen in a directional manner onto the worktable 2 of the machine tool to cool the drilling area.

[0024] The ultrasonic vibration drilling component includes a data acquisition and control unit and a high-frequency ultrasonic spindle. The data acquisition and control unit is mounted on the machine tool and electrically connected to the high-frequency ultrasonic spindle. The high-frequency ultrasonic spindle is mounted on the feed system of the machine tool. The data acquisition and control unit collects the mechanical signals of the high-frequency ultrasonic spindle on the workpiece 1 to be processed in real time, so as to adjust the drilling mode of the high-frequency ultrasonic spindle on the workpiece 1 to be processed in real time, thereby improving process stability and error compensation.

[0025] The data acquisition and control system includes a force gauge 3, a charge amplifier 4, a data acquisition unit 5, and a computer 6. The force gauge 3 is mounted on the machine tool and has a fixture installed on it for stably holding the workpiece 1 to be processed. The charge amplifier 4 is electrically connected to the force gauge 3, the data acquisition unit 5 is electrically connected to the charge amplifier 4, and the computer 6 is electrically connected to the data acquisition unit 5. The charge amplifier 4 is used to acquire the mechanical signals from the force gauge 3 during processing, amplify the signals, and then synchronously transmit the processed signals to the data acquisition unit 5. The data acquisition unit 5 further converts the analog signals into digital signals and transmits them to the computer 6. The computer 6 uses a signal processing and processing control program to perform real-time analysis of the cutting force data for real-time monitoring of processing parameters, ensuring process stability and error compensation.

[0026] The high-frequency ultrasonic spindle includes a high-frequency ultrasonic spindle and an ultrasonic transducer 47. The high-frequency ultrasonic spindle is mounted on the feed system to control the drilling depth and drilling speed. The ultrasonic transducer 47 is circumferentially driven on the high-frequency ultrasonic spindle, and the ultrasonic transducer 47 performs high-frequency axial impact drilling on the workpiece 1 through the drill bit 7 on it.

[0027] The high-frequency ultrasonic spindle includes a drilling power component, a drilling support component, and a high-frequency power transmission component. The drilling power component is mounted on the feed system, and both the drilling support component and the high-frequency power transmission component are mounted on the drilling power component. The drilling power component includes a protective cover 8, a stator 9, and a rotor. The protective cover 8 is mounted on the feed system, the stator 9 is fitted into the protective cover 8, and the rotor is installed in the inner cavity of the stator 9 via an interference fit with the drilling support component.

[0028] The drilling support includes a front bearing system, a rear bearing system, and a drive shaft 11. The front bearing system is embedded in the front bearing chamber of the protective cover 8, the rear bearing system is embedded in the rear bearing chamber of the protective cover 8, and the two ends of the drive shaft 11 are respectively embedded in the front bearing system and the rear bearing system, and the drive shaft 11 is fixedly embedded in the inner ring of the rotor.

[0029] The front bearing system includes a first bearing 12, the outer ring of which is fixedly fitted into the front bearing chamber of the protective cover 8 to provide radial and axial stable support for the high-speed rotation of the drive shaft 11. Further, two first bearings 12 are provided, spaced apart axially within the front bearing chamber of the protective cover 8. Alternatively, the first bearing 12 may be an angular ceramic ball bearing.

[0030] The rear bearing system includes a second bearing 13, the outer ring of which is fixedly embedded in the rear bearing chamber of the protective cover 8 to provide radial and axial stability support for the high-speed rotation of the drive shaft 11. Furthermore, three second bearings 13 are provided, spaced apart along the axial direction within the rear bearing chamber of the protective cover 8. Alternatively, the second bearing 13 is an angular ceramic ball bearing. The angular ceramic ball bearing, with its low friction and high rigidity, provides better load-bearing and protection for the high-speed rotation of the drive shaft 11, ensuring the positional stability of components such as the ultrasonic transducer 47 during high-speed vibration or rotation. Through the multi-point axial support of the front and rear bearing systems, the stability of the drive shaft 11 during high-speed rotation can be significantly improved, thereby effectively improving drilling efficiency and accuracy.

[0031] The high-frequency power transmission component includes an electric slip ring 14 and a ring track. The electric slip ring 14 (coil) is fixedly embedded in the inner ring of the rear end of the protective cover 8, and the electric slip ring 14 is sleeved on the outside of the drive shaft 11. The ring track is electrically connected to the outside of the drive shaft 11, and the ring track is rotatably embedded in the inner ring of the electric slip ring 14. At the same time, the electric slip ring 14 and the ring track are rotatably electrically connected.

[0032] The high-frequency power transmission component, as an energy transfer part, is used to efficiently transfer the high-frequency electrical energy generated by the ultrasonic generator to the ultrasonic transducer 47. Furthermore, the slip ring 14 conducts electricity through contact between the brush and the rotating ring track. A locking nut 15 is provided at the rear end of the drive shaft 11 to lock the high-frequency power transmission component onto the drive shaft 11 and inside the protective cover 8. The locking nut 15 applies preload through the threaded joint to eliminate axial clearance, ensuring that the assembly maintains good accuracy during high-speed rotation or vibration.

[0033] Furthermore, the rear port of the protective cover 8 is provided with a rear cover 16, which integrates multiple electrical interfaces for connecting the spindle to external systems. It also provides protection and sealing, preventing coolant, oil mist, and dust from entering the spindle and damaging delicate electrical components. The front port of the protective cover 8 is provided with a front cover 17, providing rigid support for precise and rapid mounting of the ultrasonic transducer 47. It also features a multi-stage sealing system to reliably prevent harmful substances from entering the spindle.

[0034] The ultrasonic transducer 47 includes an amplitude amplification element and a high-frequency ultrasonic transducer. The amplitude amplification element is mounted on the drilling support, and the high-frequency ultrasonic transducer is mounted on the amplitude amplification element. The amplitude amplification element includes a flange 18 and an amplitude transformer 19. The flange 18 has mounting holes, and the flange 18 is mounted on the front end face of the drive shaft 11 by screws 48 passing through the mounting holes. One end of the amplitude transformer 19 is fixedly embedded in the inner ring of the flange 18, and the other end face of the amplitude transformer 19 is provided with a tool chuck 49 for mounting the drill bit 7. Alternatively, the connection between the amplitude transformer 19 and the flange 18 can be integrally machined or welded.

[0035] Furthermore, the diameter of one end of the amplitude transformer 19 is larger than that of the other end. The amplitude transformer 19 adopts a stepped design with multiple abrupt changes in cross-section. It utilizes the difference in geometric impedance to achieve cascaded amplitude amplification, optimize amplitude distribution, reduce stress concentration, and has a simple structure and high mechanical strength, making it suitable for high-frequency vibration.

[0036] The tool chuck 49 is responsible for fixing the ultrasonic machining tool (drill bit 7) to ensure the reliability of machining. The tool chuck 49 has high repeatability and vibration resistance, and can maintain the axial alignment of the tool in a high-frequency vibration environment to prevent additional stress concentration and energy dispersion caused by eccentricity.

[0037] The high-frequency ultrasonic transducer includes a front liner 20, a piezoelectric ceramic element 21, a back liner 22, and a first bolt 23. The front liner 20 is disposed on the amplitude transformer 19, the piezoelectric ceramic element 21 is disposed on the front liner 20, the back liner 22 is disposed on the piezoelectric ceramic element 21, and the first bolt 23 is disposed on the flange 18 to press the front liner 20, the piezoelectric ceramic element 21, and the back liner 22 axially onto the amplitude transformer 19.

[0038] The front liner 20 is generally annular, with its front end face disposed on one end face of the amplitude transformer 19. The piezoelectric ceramic element 21 is also generally annular, with its front end face disposed on the rear end face of the front liner 20. Furthermore, an insulating gasket 24 is disposed between the piezoelectric ceramic element 21 and the front liner 20. The material of the front liner 20 has certain stiffness and damping characteristics, its function being to support the front end of the piezoelectric ceramic assembly, guide the vibration wave forward, and absorb some noise. Four piezoelectric ceramic elements 21 are provided, arranged axially and connected, with an electrode plate 25 disposed between each adjacent pair of piezoelectric ceramic elements 21.

[0039] The backing 22 is generally in the shape of a circular tube. The front end of the backing 22 is disposed on the rear end face of the last piezoelectric ceramic element 21. Furthermore, another insulating gasket 24 is disposed between the backing 22 and the last piezoelectric ceramic element 21. The backing 22 is made of a material with high acoustic impedance and high attenuation coefficient. Its core function is to absorb the sound wave energy generated by the reverse vibration of the piezoelectric ceramic and reduce the back-radiated clutter interference. The insulating gasket 24, while providing electrical isolation and circuit protection, ensures that the piezoelectric ceramic can better convert electrical energy into mechanical energy through the electrode plate 25.

[0040] The tip of the first bolt 23 passes through the backing 22, the piezoelectric ceramic element 21, and the front bushing 20 before being screwed into a threaded hole on one end face of the amplitude transformer 19. The external thread on the tip of the first bolt 23 engages with the internal thread in the threaded hole. When the first bolt 23 is fully screwed into the threaded hole, it can pre-tighten and press the front bushing 20, the piezoelectric ceramic element 21, the backing 22, and the amplitude transformer 19 together. The first bolt 23 is the core component for axial fixation. By applying pre-tightening force, multiple components are pressed axially to form a stable connection, ensuring structural stability. Simultaneously, it transmits axial force, effectively suppressing relative displacement and loosening of components under vibration, and ensuring the coaxial assembly accuracy of multiple components. The ultrasonic spindle applies ultrasonic vibration along the Z-axis to the drill bit 7, transforming the traditional continuous drilling process into intermittent vibration drilling, which helps reduce cutting force and improve the surface finish of the workpiece.

[0041] The liquid nitrogen cooling system includes a liquid nitrogen delivery component and a liquid nitrogen injection cooling component. The liquid nitrogen delivery component and the liquid nitrogen injection cooling component are connected in a continuous manner to directionally inject nitrogen gas into the drilling area for cooling. The liquid nitrogen delivery component includes a liquid nitrogen storage tank 26 and an instrument valve group. The liquid nitrogen storage tank 26 is connected in a continuous manner to the instrument valve group, so that the liquid nitrogen in the liquid nitrogen storage tank 26 enters the instrument valve group, is depressurized, and then delivers cryogenic liquid nitrogen to the liquid nitrogen injection cooling component. The liquid nitrogen is then directionally injected into the drilling area for cooling via the liquid nitrogen injection cooling component (using a liquid-gas coexistence method).

[0042] The instrument valve group includes an upstream pressure tapping valve 27, a downstream pressure tapping valve 28, and a pressure gauge 29. The upstream pressure tapping valve 27 is installed through a nitrogen delivery pipe. One end of the nitrogen delivery pipe is connected through a connection to the outlet of the liquid nitrogen storage tank 26, and the other end of the nitrogen delivery pipe is connected through a connection to the liquid nitrogen injection cooling component. The downstream pressure tapping valve 28 is installed on the nitrogen delivery pipe below the upstream pressure tapping valve 27. The pressure gauge 29 is installed through a connection on the nitrogen delivery pipe between the upstream pressure tapping valve 27 and the downstream pressure tapping valve 28, and is used to display the nitrogen pressure flowing from the nitrogen delivery pipe to the liquid nitrogen injection cooling component.

[0043] The liquid nitrogen injection cooling component includes an injection position adjustment component and a liquid nitrogen nozzle component. The injection position adjustment component is mounted on the worktable 2, and the liquid nitrogen nozzle component is mounted on the injection position adjustment component. The injection position adjustment component includes a lower adjustment component and a top adjustment component. The lower adjustment component, mounted on the worktable 2, adjusts the pitch angle and height of the liquid nitrogen nozzle component, while the top adjustment component, mounted on the lower adjustment component, adjusts the injection angle.

[0044] The lower adjustment component includes a base 30, an angle hole positioning ring 31, a first rod 32, and a second rod 33. The base 30 is detachably mounted on the workbench 2. The angle hole positioning ring 31 is fixedly mounted on the base 30. The first rod 32 is hinged to the base 30 and slidably connected to the angle hole positioning ring 31. The second rod 33 is axially embedded in the first rod 32 to provide support for the top adjustment component.

[0045] The first rod 32 is tubular, and its sidewall is connected to the angle hole positioning ring 31 by a second bolt. When the forward tilt angle of the first rod 32 is adjusted to a predetermined angle, the first rod 32 is locked onto the angle hole positioning ring 31 by the cooperation of the second bolt and nut. One end of the second rod 33 is axially slidably embedded in the other end of the tube of the first rod 32, and the second rod 33 is inserted into the positioning hole on the wall of the first rod 32 by a positioning pin thereon, thereby adjusting the extension length of the second rod 33 within the first rod 32. Furthermore, multiple positioning holes are provided, and these holes are evenly distributed along the axial direction of the first rod 32. By adjusting the positioning pins inserted into the positioning holes at different positions, the extension length can be locked in stages.

[0046] The top adjustment component includes a clip 34, a ball 35, and a locking mechanism 36. The clip 34 is fixedly disposed on the other end of the second rod 33, and the ball 35 is fixedly disposed on one end of the connecting rod of the liquid nitrogen nozzle component. The ball 35 is fitted into the spherical cavity inside the clip 34, and the locking mechanism 36 is fitted onto the outer periphery of the clip 34 to control the rotational freedom of the ball 35 within the clip 34.

[0047] When the locking mechanism 36 is unlocked, the nozzle can rotate freely in the three-dimensional space formed by the pitch angle and yaw angle, so as to achieve continuous adjustment of the spray direction. When the locking mechanism 36 is closed, the ball 35 and the clamp 34 cavity are rigidly positioned by friction or mechanical locking structure to ensure that the angle does not deviate during the spraying process. This structure meets the complex and precise angle requirements.

[0048] The relative height between the nozzle and the mounting base is directly changed by altering the lengths of the first rod 32 and the second rod 33. Combined with the angle adjustment function of the universal adjustable spherical clamp, the working coverage of the nozzle is further expanded, solving the problem of "blind spots caused by the invariable height" in traditional fixed nozzles. The angle hole positioning ring 31 is a key component ensuring the stability of the device's installation posture. It is a ring structure that slides at the bottom of the outer tube of the first rod 32. The angle hole positioning ring 31 has several angle positioning holes evenly distributed on it. During installation, the positioning ring is rigidly connected to the external base through fasteners. During the tightening process, the matching relationship between the positioning holes and the preset mating structure on the base is used to accurately limit the tilt angle of the first rod 32 and the second rod 33. The number and distribution density of the angle holes determine the number of "discrete angle positions" that the nozzle can be fixed in. This not only meets the efficiency requirements of "quick changeover and repeated positioning" during use, but also significantly improves the device's resistance to displacement under dynamic conditions such as vibration and impact through the structural design of "multi-point positioning + fastener locking," ensuring spraying accuracy.

[0049] The liquid nitrogen nozzle includes a nozzle body 46 and a nozzle opening and closing adjustment component. The nozzle body 46 is on the spray position adjustment component, which adjusts its spray direction and spray angle. The nozzle opening and closing adjustment component is disposed on the nozzle body 46 to adjust the spray area of ​​the nozzle body 46.

[0050] The nozzle body 46 includes a nozzle housing 37 and a nozzle inner wall 38. The sidewall of the nozzle housing 37 is fixedly mounted on the other end of the connecting rod. The nozzle housing 37 is hinged to the spray position adjustment component via the connecting rod. The nozzle inner wall 38 is located inside the nozzle housing 37, and its two ends are respectively connected to the two ends of the nozzle housing 37. When the inlet end of the nozzle body 46 is connected to the other end of the nitrogen delivery pipe, the low-temperature nitrogen delivered by the nitrogen delivery pipe will be input through the inlet end of the nozzle inner wall 38 and then sprayed out from the outlet end of the nozzle inner wall 38. By controlling the size of the opening at the outlet end of the nozzle inner wall 38, the spray area of ​​the nozzle body 46 can be adjusted.

[0051] The nozzle opening and closing adjustment component includes a frame-type wrench 39, an adjustment transmission component, and a circumferential locking component. The frame-type wrench 39 is rotatably mounted on the nozzle housing 37. The adjustment transmission component is connected to the frame-type wrench 39 on the nozzle body 46 to adjust the size of the opening in the inner wall 38 of the nozzle. The circumferential locking component is used to lock the circumferential rotation angle of the frame-type wrench 39. The frame-type wrench 39 is generally C-shaped, and its two ends are symmetrically rotatably connected to the left and right side walls of the outer side of the nozzle.

[0052] The adjustment transmission mechanism includes an external adjustment transmission mechanism and an internal adjustment transmission mechanism. The external adjustment transmission mechanism is mounted on the nozzle housing 37, and the internal adjustment transmission mechanism is connected to the external adjustment transmission mechanism on the inner wall 38 of the nozzle. The external adjustment transmission mechanism includes a transmission wheel 40, a transmission belt 41, and a fixing block 42. There are two transmission wheels 40. One transmission wheel 40 is fixedly mounted on one end of the door frame handle, and the other transmission wheel 40 is rotatably mounted on the nozzle housing 37 via a shaft on it. The two transmission wheels 40 are spaced apart, and the direction of their centers is parallel to the axis of the nozzle body 46. The transmission belt 41 is mounted on both transmission wheels 40, and the fixing block 42 is fixedly connected to the transmission belt 41. When the door frame handle is rotated, it will drive one of the transmission wheels 40 to rotate. The transmission wheel 40 will drive the transmission belt 41 to rotate on the two transmission wheels 40, and the transmission belt 41 will drive the fixing block 42 to move along the axis of the nozzle body 46. Alternatively, the drive wheel 40 may be a friction drive wheel or a meshing drive wheel, and the drive belt 41 may be a friction drive belt or a meshing drive belt (stepping belt).

[0053] Furthermore, two sets of external adjustment transmission components are provided, and the two sets of external adjustment transmission components are symmetrically distributed on the nozzle body 46. The two sets of external adjustment transmission components are connected to both ends of the door frame type wrench 39 in the same way, and transmit power to the internal adjustment transmission component in the same way.

[0054] The internal adjustment transmission components include pulleys 43 and transmission ropes 44. The pulleys 43 are disposed on the outer surface of the inner wall 38 of the nozzle, and the transmission ropes 44 pass through the nozzle housing 37 and are connected to the pulleys 43 and the fixing block 42 respectively. Furthermore, four pulleys 43 are provided, connected in series around the inner wall 38 of the nozzle, so that two pulleys 43 are correspondingly provided outside the upper and lower openings of the inner wall 38 of the nozzle. Two transmission ropes 44 are provided, connected to two sets of external adjustment transmission components, so that the two external adjustment transmission components simultaneously and symmetrically pull the pulleys 43 to slide axially, thereby changing the opening and closing of the nozzle and adjusting the size of the spray area to better meet the conditions. Furthermore, a ball valve 45 is provided at the inlet end of the nozzle body 46 and the other end of the nitrogen delivery pipe, and the ball valve 45 is responsible for controlling the opening and closing of the nozzle.

[0055] The circumferential locking component includes a locking disc 50, a locking seat 51, a locking pin 52, a spring 53, and a locking cap 54. The locking disc 50 is fixedly mounted on one end of the door frame-shaped handle and moves with it. The locking seat 51 is circumferentially rotated and mounted on the outer periphery of the locking disc 50, and the side wall of the locking seat 51 is fixedly mounted on the nozzle housing. The locking seat 51 and the locking disc 50 are located on the same plane. The locking pin 52 is axially slidably embedded in the locking hole on the locking seat 51, and the top end of the locking pin 52 (which is hemispherical) corresponds to the locking groove on the outer wall of the locking disc 50 (which is spherical and a plurality of locking grooves are evenly distributed around the circumference of the locking disc 50). The spring 53 is embedded in the locking hole, and one end of the spring 53 is connected to the bottom end of the locking pin 52. The locking cap 54 is detachably installed in the outer hole of the locking hole, and the other end of the locking cap 54 is connected to the spring 53. The spring 53 pushes the top of the locking pin 52 to engage with the locking groove, thereby locking the locking disc 50 circumferentially.

[0056] When it is necessary to adjust the size of the nozzle inner wall opening, manually move the frame-type wrench to rotate. One end of the frame-type handle drives the locking disc 50 to rotate circumferentially. After the opening size is adjusted, a locking groove is fitted over the top of the locking pin 52 to circumferentially lock the frame-type wrench, so as to prevent the nozzle inner wall opening size from changing and improve the stability of the spray area during spraying.

[0057] The above description is merely a specific embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any variations or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed in the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention. Therefore, the scope of protection of the present invention should be determined by the scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A liquid nitrogen assisted ultrasonic machining system, characterized in that, The application relates to an ultrasonic vibration drilling device, which is arranged on a machine tool and comprises a data acquisition control device and a high-frequency ultrasonic spindle device, the data acquisition control device is electrically connected with the high-frequency ultrasonic spindle device on the machine tool to acquire the mechanical signal of the high-frequency ultrasonic spindle device to a workpiece to be processed in real time and to adjust the drilling mode of the high-frequency ultrasonic spindle device to the workpiece to be processed in real time; the high-frequency ultrasonic spindle device is installed on a feeding system of the machine tool to drill the workpiece to be processed; a liquid nitrogen cooling device is arranged on a workbench of the machine tool and comprises a liquid nitrogen conveying device and a liquid nitrogen jet cooling device, the liquid nitrogen conveying device is through-connected with the liquid nitrogen jet cooling device to directively jet nitrogen to a drilling processing area through the liquid nitrogen jet cooling device. The high-frequency ultrasonic spindle device comprises a high-frequency ultrasonic spindle and an ultrasonic transducer, the high-frequency ultrasonic spindle is arranged on the feeding system to control the drilling depth and drilling speed, the ultrasonic transducer is driven in a circumferential direction on the high-frequency ultrasonic spindle, and the ultrasonic transducer drills the workpiece to be processed through a drill bit on the ultrasonic transducer. The high-frequency ultrasonic spindle comprises a drilling power device, a drilling support device and a high-frequency power transmission device, the drilling power device provides drilling power on the feeding system, the drilling support device provides stable support on the drilling power device, and the high-frequency power transmission device efficiently transmits high-frequency electric energy generated by an ultrasonic generator to the ultrasonic transducer on the drilling power device.

2. The liquid nitrogen assisted ultrasonic machining system of claim 1, wherein, The ultrasonic transducer comprises an amplitude amplification device and a high-frequency ultrasonic transducer, the amplitude amplification device drills the workpiece to be processed on the drilling support device, and the high-frequency ultrasonic transducer provides high-frequency axial vibration for the drill bit on the amplitude amplification device.

3. The liquid nitrogen assisted ultrasonic machining system of claim 2, wherein, The liquid nitrogen conveying device comprises a liquid nitrogen storage tank and an instrument valve group, the liquid nitrogen storage tank is through-connected with the instrument valve group, liquid nitrogen in the liquid nitrogen storage tank enters the instrument valve group, is decompressed in the instrument valve group and is then conveyed to the liquid nitrogen jet cooling device, and is directively jetted to the drilling processing area through the liquid nitrogen jet cooling device to lower the temperature.

4. The liquid nitrogen assisted ultrasonic machining system according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that, The liquid nitrogen jet cooling device comprises a lower adjusting device, a top end adjusting device and a liquid nitrogen jet head device, the lower adjusting device is used for adjusting the pitch angle and height of the liquid nitrogen jet head device on the workbench, and the top end adjusting device adjusts the jet angle on the lower adjusting device.

5. The liquid nitrogen assisted ultrasonic machining system according to any one of claims 1-3, wherein, The liquid nitrogen jet head device comprises a jet head body and a jet head opening and closing adjusting device, the jet head body is adjusted in the jet direction and jet angle on the top end adjusting device, and the jet head opening and closing adjusting device is arranged on the jet head body to adjust the jet area size of the jet head body.

6. The liquid nitrogen assisted ultrasonic machining system according to any one of claims 1-3, wherein, ​ 7. The liquid nitrogen assisted ultrasonic machining system of claim 6, wherein, ​ 8. The liquid nitrogen assisted ultrasonic machining system of claim 7, wherein, The spray head body comprises a spray head shell and a spray head inner wall, the spray head shell side wall is arranged on the top end adjusting part, the spray head shell is on the top end adjusting part, the spray head inner wall is in the spray head shell, and the two ports of the spray head inner wall are respectively connected with the two ports of the spray head shell; the inlet end of the spray head body is connected with the nitrogen conveying pipe of the instrument valve group, and the liquid nitrogen conveyed by the nitrogen conveying pipe is input through the inlet end of the spray head inner wall and then sprayed out from the outlet end of the spray head inner wall.

9. The liquid nitrogen assisted ultrasonic machining system of claim 7, wherein, The spray head opening and closing adjusting part comprises a door frame type wrench, an external adjusting transmission part and an internal adjusting transmission part, the door frame type wrench is rotationally arranged on the spray head shell, the external adjusting transmission part is in transmission connection with the door frame type wrench on the spray head shell, and the internal adjusting transmission part is connected with the external adjusting transmission part on the spray head inner wall to adjust the opening size of the spray head inner wall.

10. The liquid nitrogen assisted ultrasonic machining system of claim 9, wherein, The external adjusting transmission part comprises a transmission wheel, a transmission belt and a fixed block, one of the transmission wheels is fixedly sleeved on one end of the door frame type handle, the other transmission wheel is rotationally arranged on the spray head shell, the transmission belt is sleeved on the two transmission wheels, and the fixed block is fixedly connected on the transmission belt; the internal adjusting transmission part comprises a pulley and a transmission rope, a plurality of the pulleys are circumferentially connected around the spray head inner wall, so that a plurality of the pulleys are correspondingly arranged on the upper and lower openings of the spray head inner wall, a plurality of the transmission ropes are respectively sleeved on the external adjusting transmission part and the pulleys, and the external adjusting transmission part drives the sliding of the sliding along the axial direction through the transmission rope, so as to adjust the opening size of the spray head inner wall.

Images