Ancient building green repair cost optimization method in combination with carbon footprint analysis

Abstract

The invention relates to an ancient building green repair cost optimization method combined with carbon footprint analysis, and relates to the technical field of green buildings, and the method comprises the steps: obtaining the structural damage and functional decline problems of a to-be-repaired ancient building; based on the structural damage and functional decline problems of the to-be-repaired ancient building, a repair project of the to-be-repaired ancient building is determined; based on the repair project of the to-be-repaired ancient building, determining multiple repair schemes of the to-be-repaired ancient building; for each repairing scheme, determining a production carbon emission factor, a transportation carbon emission factor and a carbon emission factor of construction energy of each repairing material of the repairing scheme, and determining the carbon emission factor of the construction energy based on the production carbon emission factor, the transportation carbon emission factor and the carbon emission factor of the construction energy of each repairing material of the repairing scheme; performing carbon footprint analysis on the repairing scheme, and calculating the total carbon emission of the repairing scheme; the optimal repairing scheme is determined based on the total carbon emission of the repairing scheme, and the method has the advantage of reducing the carbon emission of ancient building repairing.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of green building, and particularly relates to a green repair cost optimization method for ancient buildings combined with carbon footprint analysis. BACKGROUND

[0002] Ancient buildings, as important carriers of human civilization, carry rich historical information, cultural traditions and artistic value. They are not only physical witnesses of the development of society, economy, culture and technology in a specific historical period, but also important symbols of national identity and cultural heritage. Ancient buildings, with their unique architectural style, exquisite craftsmanship and deep historical background, attract people from all over the world to visit and study, becoming the common cultural heritage of mankind.

[0003] The current selection of ancient building repair schemes mostly relies on the manual experience of experts and craftsmen. They rely on their intuition and traditional skills accumulated over years of practice to judge the repair method, but this method often lacks quantitative evaluation of low-carbon green. For example, when determining the repair materials, only the traditional applicability and appearance effect of the materials may be considered, without considering the carbon emissions during production and transportation and the energy consumption throughout the life cycle. Some traditional materials can perfectly restore the appearance of ancient buildings, but the mining and processing process consumes high energy and emits large amounts of carbon, and is not renewable, which is not conducive to low-carbon sustainable development in the long run.

[0004] Therefore, it is necessary to provide a green repair cost optimization method for ancient buildings combined with carbon footprint analysis to reduce the carbon emissions of ancient building repair. SUMMARY

[0005] The present application provides a green repair cost optimization method for ancient buildings combined with carbon footprint analysis, comprising: obtaining structural damage and functional decline problems of an ancient building to be repaired; determining repair projects of the ancient building to be repaired based on the structural damage and functional decline problems of the ancient building to be repaired; determining a plurality of repair schemes for the ancient building to be repaired based on the repair projects of the ancient building to be repaired; for each repair scheme, determining a production carbon emission factor, a transportation carbon emission factor and a construction energy carbon emission factor of each repair material of the repair scheme, performing carbon footprint analysis on the repair scheme based on the production carbon emission factor, the transportation carbon emission factor and the construction energy carbon emission factor of each repair material of the repair scheme, and calculating the total carbon emissions of the repair scheme; and determining an optimal repair scheme based on the total carbon emissions of the repair scheme.

[0006] Further, the structural damage and functional recession problems of the ancient building to be repaired are obtained, including: establishing a damage and recession knowledge graph, wherein the recession knowledge graph is used to record type characteristics of different types of ancient buildings and structural damage and functional recession risks in different natural environments; obtaining type characteristics and environmental characteristics of the ancient building to be repaired; determining the type of the ancient building to be repaired based on the type characteristics of the ancient building to be repaired and the damage and recession knowledge graph; obtaining natural environment characteristics of the ancient building to be repaired; determining the structural damage and functional recession risks of the ancient building to be repaired based on the type of the ancient building to be repaired, the natural environment characteristics and the damage and recession knowledge graph; determining the detection scheme of the ancient building to be repaired based on the structural damage and functional recession risks of the ancient building to be repaired; and obtaining the structural damage and functional recession problems of the ancient building to be repaired based on the detection scheme of the ancient building to be repaired.

[0007] Further, based on the structural damage and functional recession problems of the ancient building to be repaired, the repair project of the ancient building to be repaired is determined, including: obtaining a plurality of historical repair cases, wherein the historical repair cases include type characteristics, natural environment characteristics, structural damage and functional recession problems, repair projects and repair schemes of repaired ancient buildings; determining similar historical repair cases from the historical repair cases based on the type characteristics, the natural environment characteristics and the structural damage and functional recession problems of the ancient building to be repaired; and determining the repair project of the ancient building to be repaired based on the repair project of the similar historical repair cases.

[0008] Further, based on the repair project of the ancient building to be repaired, a plurality of repair schemes of the ancient building to be repaired are determined, including: for each repair project of the ancient building to be repaired, a plurality of candidate repair materials and a plurality of repair processes of each candidate repair material are determined based on the similar historical repair cases; and a plurality of repair schemes are determined based on the plurality of candidate repair materials and the plurality of repair processes of each candidate repair material for each repair project, wherein the repair scheme includes a repair material and a repair process for each repair project.

[0009] Furthermore, the carbon emission factor of each repair material in the repair scheme is determined, including: determining the production process data and carbon emission factors of various known repair materials included in multiple material types; for each material type, determining multiple key production characteristics based on the production process data and carbon emission factors of various known repair materials included in the material type; for each repair material in the repair scheme, determining the material type of the repair material, obtaining the feature values ​​of multiple key production characteristics of the corresponding material type, determining similar known repair materials based on the feature values ​​of multiple key production characteristics of the corresponding material type and the production process data of various known repair materials included in the corresponding material type, and determining the carbon emission factor of the repair material based on the similar known repair materials.

[0010] Furthermore, based on the production process data and carbon emission factors of various known repair materials including material types, several key production characteristics are identified, including: identifying multiple production characteristics; for each production characteristic, calculating the impact value of the production characteristic on the carbon emission factor based on the production process data and carbon emission factors of various known repair materials including material types; and identifying multiple key production characteristics based on the impact value of each production characteristic on the carbon emission factor.

[0011] Furthermore, determining the transportation carbon emission factor for each repair material in the repair scheme includes: acquiring multiple sets of historical transportation data for various transportation modes, where the historical transportation data includes transportation vehicles and transportation carbon emission factors, and the transportation mode is one of road transportation, rail transportation, waterway transportation, and air transportation; for each transportation mode, determining the key transportation characteristics of the transportation mode based on the multiple sets of historical transportation data included in the transportation mode; determining multiple transportation schemes for each repair material in the repair scheme, where the transportation scheme includes transportation mode, transportation vehicle, and transportation route; for each transportation scheme, determining the characteristic value of the key transportation characteristic of the transportation mode of the transportation scheme based on the transportation vehicle and transportation route of the transportation scheme; determining similar historical transportation data based on the characteristic value of the key transportation characteristic of the transportation mode of the transportation scheme and the multiple sets of historical transportation data included in the transportation mode; calculating the transportation carbon emission factor of the transportation scheme based on the transportation carbon emission factor of the similar historical transportation data; determining the optimal transportation scheme for the repair material based on the minimum value of the transportation carbon emission factor of the multiple transportation schemes for each repair material in the repair scheme; and determining the transportation carbon emission factor for each repair material in the repair scheme based on the optimal transportation scheme for each repair material in the repair scheme.

[0012] Furthermore, when the mode of transportation is road transportation, the multiple sets of historical transportation data included in the mode of transportation include different road vehicles and transportation carbon emission factors; based on the multiple sets of historical transportation data included in the mode of transportation, the key transportation characteristics of the mode of transportation are determined, including: determining multiple road structure characteristics; for each vehicle, based on the transportation carbon emission factors of the vehicle on different roads and the characteristic values ​​of the road structure characteristics of different roads, multiple key road structure characteristics are determined, wherein the key transportation characteristics of the mode of transportation include at least multiple key road structure characteristics corresponding to each vehicle.

[0013] Furthermore, based on the transportation vehicles and routes of the transportation plan, the characteristic values ​​of key transportation features of the transportation mode of the transportation plan are determined, including: when the transportation mode is road transportation, based on the transportation vehicles of the transportation plan, multiple key road structural features are determined; based on the transportation routes of the transportation plan and multiple key road structural features, the transportation routes of the transportation plan are divided into multiple route segments, and the characteristic values ​​of each route segment in multiple key road structural features are determined; based on the characteristic values ​​of the key transportation features of the transportation mode of the transportation plan and multiple sets of historical transportation data included in the transportation mode, similar historical transportation data are determined, including: for each route segment, based on the characteristic values ​​of the route segment in multiple key road structural features and the historical transportation data of the transportation vehicles on different roads, similar historical transportation data of the route segment are determined; based on the transportation carbon emission factors of similar historical transportation data, the transportation carbon emission factor of the transportation plan is calculated, including: for each route segment, based on the transportation carbon emission factors of similar historical transportation data of the route segment, the transportation carbon emission factor of the route segment is calculated; based on the transportation carbon emission factor of each route segment and the length of the route segment, the transportation carbon emission factor of the transportation plan is calculated.

[0014] Furthermore, based on the carbon emission factors of production, transportation, and construction energy for each type of repair material in the repair plan, a carbon footprint analysis is conducted on the repair plan to calculate its total carbon emissions. This includes: for the repair project of the ancient building to be repaired, determining the usage of each type of repair material and the optimal transportation plan, and calculating the production and transportation carbon emissions of the repair project by combining the production and transportation carbon emission factors of each type of repair material; for the repair project of the ancient building to be repaired, determining the construction energy consumption of the repair project, and calculating the construction carbon emissions of the repair project by combining the carbon emission factor of construction energy; and calculating the total carbon emissions of the repair plan based on the production, transportation, and construction carbon emissions of each repair project.

[0015] Compared to existing technologies, the method for optimizing the cost of green restoration of ancient buildings by combining carbon footprint analysis provided in this specification has at least the following beneficial effects: 1. First, identify the structural damage and functional degradation of the ancient building. Based on this, determine the restoration project. This allows for precise targeting of the parts that need restoration, avoiding blind restoration and improving the effectiveness of restoration. It also allows for the identification of multiple restoration plans, providing more possibilities for subsequent selection. Through comprehensive comparison, a more suitable and reasonable plan can be selected based on the actual situation of the ancient building. It also clarifies the carbon emission factors of material production, transportation, and construction energy in each restoration plan and calculates the total carbon emissions. This helps to quantitatively assess the environmental impact of the plan and promote green restoration of ancient buildings. By determining the optimal restoration plan based on the total carbon emissions, it is possible to balance cost and environmental benefits while meeting restoration needs, thus achieving cost optimization. 2. Establish a knowledge graph of damage and decay to provide systematic knowledge support for assessing problems in ancient buildings. By acquiring natural environmental characteristics and integrating building types, the knowledge graph determines the risks of structural damage and functional decay, taking into account more comprehensive factors and making the assessment more accurate. Based on the risks, the detection plan can be determined, enabling targeted detection work, avoiding blind detection, and improving detection efficiency and accuracy. According to the detection plan, the structural damage and functional decay problems of ancient buildings can be obtained, ensuring the accuracy and completeness of the information obtained. 3. First, determine the production process data and carbon emission factors of various known repair materials. This provides a rich and accurate data foundation for subsequent calculations, helping to improve the accuracy of the final determined carbon emission factors for repair materials. For each material type, identify multiple key production characteristics, simplifying the complex production process into considerations of key features. This avoids getting bogged down in intricate production details, making the calculation process more operable and efficient. By determining the material type of the repair material and obtaining its characteristic values, finding similar known repair materials to determine its carbon emission factors allows for more accurate matching with references similar to the production conditions of the material to be determined, ensuring the applicability and rationality of the determined factors.

[0016] 4. Obtaining historical transportation data for different modes of transport provides a rich foundation for accurately calculating transportation carbon emission factors, making the results more comprehensive and accurate. Key transportation characteristics are identified for each mode of transport, simplifying the complex transportation process into considerations of key factors, reducing computational complexity, and improving computational efficiency and operability. By determining the key transportation characteristic values ​​of transportation schemes and finding similar historical transportation data to determine transportation carbon emission factors, it is possible to more accurately match actual conditions and ensure the rationality and applicability of the calculation results. Determining the optimal transportation scheme based on the minimum transportation carbon emission factor among multiple transportation schemes helps reduce carbon emissions during transportation, achieving green transportation, and providing strong support for subsequent cost optimization. Attached Figure Description

[0017] This specification will be further described by way of exemplary embodiments, which will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. These embodiments are not limiting; in these embodiments, the same reference numerals denote the same structures, wherein: Figure 1 This is a flowchart illustrating a method for optimizing the cost of green renovation of ancient buildings incorporating carbon footprint analysis, as shown in one embodiment of this application. Figure 2 This is a flowchart illustrating the process of obtaining structural damage and functional degradation of an ancient building to be repaired, as shown in one embodiment of this application. Figure 3 This is a flowchart illustrating the determination of the transport carbon emission factor for each type of repair material in a repair scheme, as shown in one embodiment of this application. Figure 4 This is a flowchart illustrating a knowledge graph of damage and degradation in one embodiment of this application. Detailed Implementation

[0018] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments in this specification, the accompanying drawings used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below.

[0019] Figure 1 This is a flowchart illustrating a method for optimizing the cost of green renovation of ancient buildings by incorporating carbon footprint analysis, as shown in one embodiment of this application. Figure 1 As shown, the method for optimizing the cost of green renovation of ancient buildings by combining carbon footprint analysis can include the following steps.

[0020] Step 110: Obtain information on the structural damage and functional degradation of the ancient building to be repaired.

[0021] Figure 2 This is a flowchart illustrating the process of obtaining information on the structural damage and functional degradation of an ancient building to be repaired, as shown in one embodiment of this application. Figure 2 As shown, step 110 specifically includes: Establish a knowledge graph of damage and decay, in which the decay knowledge graph is used to record the typological characteristics of different types of ancient buildings and the risks of structural damage and functional decay under different natural environments; Obtain the type characteristics and environmental characteristics of the ancient buildings to be repaired; Based on the type characteristics of the ancient buildings to be repaired and the knowledge graph of damage and decay, the type of ancient buildings to be repaired is determined. Obtain the natural environmental characteristics of the ancient buildings to be repaired; Based on the type of ancient buildings to be repaired, the characteristics of their natural environment, and the knowledge graph of damage and decline, the structural damage and functional decline risks of the ancient buildings to be repaired are determined. Based on the structural damage and functional decline risks of the ancient buildings to be repaired, a testing plan for the ancient buildings to be repaired is determined. Based on the testing plan for ancient buildings to be repaired, the structural damage and functional degradation issues of the ancient buildings to be repaired are obtained.

[0022] Specifically, different types of ancient buildings (such as wooden structures, brick and stone structures, and mixed earthen and timber structures) possess unique characteristics in their architectural construction, material usage, and layout. For example, wooden structures typically use wood as the primary load-bearing component and feature unique connection methods such as mortise and tenon joints; brick and stone structures primarily use brick and stone, with thick walls and common arch structures. These typological characteristics are meticulously recorded in a knowledge graph to provide a basis for subsequent identification of ancient building types. Natural environmental factors (e.g., climate characteristics such as average annual temperature, precipitation, and wind speed) and geological conditions (e.g., soil type, groundwater level, and seismic activity) significantly impact the structural damage and functional decline of ancient buildings. For instance, in humid and rainy areas, wooden structures are susceptible to problems such as wood decay and insect infestation; in earthquake-prone areas, the seismic performance of ancient buildings faces challenges, potentially leading to structural damage such as wall cracking and structural displacement. The knowledge graph needs to record the potential risks of structural damage and functional decline for various types of ancient buildings under different natural environments.

[0023] Figure 4 This is a flowchart illustrating a damage and degradation knowledge graph in one embodiment of this application, as shown below. Figure 4 As shown, the knowledge graph of damage and decay includes nodes representing the type of ancient building (e.g., wooden ancient buildings, brick and stone ancient buildings, earth and wood mixed ancient buildings, etc.), nodes representing the natural environment (e.g., humid and rainy, arid and dry, earthquake-prone), nodes representing structural damage (e.g., wood decay, brick and stone weathering, wall cracks, etc.) and functional decay risks (e.g., roof water accumulation, poor eaves dripping, mold growth, etc.).

[0024] There are various ways to determine the structural damage and functional degradation risk of different types of ancient buildings under different natural environments. For example, based on image recognition, visible surface damage such as wood decay, brick and stone weathering, and wall cracks can be identified. Sensors of the detector can be installed on the surface of the wood, and stress waves can be emitted and reflected waves can be received. The propagation time and energy changes of the waves can be analyzed to determine the internal condition of the wood.

[0025] Historical data and reports from local meteorological and geological survey departments can be collected to determine the natural environmental characteristics of the ancient buildings to be repaired.

[0026] The identified ancient building types and acquired natural environmental characteristics are used as input information. The data is then retrieved and matched in a pre-established knowledge graph of damage and decay. Based on the matching results, the structural damage that may occur in the ancient buildings to be repaired, such as wall cracks, decay of beams and columns, and structural deformation, as well as functional decay problems, such as poor drainage, poor ventilation, and insufficient lighting, are analyzed.

[0027] Based on the risk list, determine the specific items that need to be tested. For example, if the risk of wall cracks is assessed, the testing items should include the location, length, width, and direction of the cracks; if the risk of wood decay is assessed, the moisture content and degree of decay of the wood need to be tested. For different testing items, select appropriate testing methods. For structural deformation problems, total stations and laser scanners can be used for measurement; for wood decay problems, stress wave detectors and impedance meters can be used for non-destructive testing; for internal wall defects, infrared thermal imagers can be used for detection.

[0028] The data obtained from on-site inspections are organized and classified. Professional data processing software is used to statistically analyze the measurement data, remove outliers, and calculate statistical quantities such as the average and standard deviation of various parameters. Based on relevant specifications, standards, and historical experience, the inspection data is analyzed and evaluated to determine the degree of structural damage and functional degradation of the ancient building. Corresponding evaluation index systems are developed, such as crack width grading standards, material strength reduction rates, and functional system integrity rates, to quantitatively assess damage and degradation issues.

[0029] Step 110 establishes a knowledge graph of damage and decay, and combines it with the type characteristics and environmental characteristics of the ancient building to be repaired. This allows for the accurate identification of the type of ancient building and its structural damage and functional decay risks under different environments. Consequently, the problems to be repaired can be accurately identified, and a detection plan can be developed based on the identified risks. This makes the detection more targeted and scientific, avoids blind detection, and improves detection efficiency and accuracy.

[0030] Step 120: Based on the structural damage and functional decline of the ancient building to be repaired, determine the repair projects for the ancient building to be repaired.

[0031] Specifically, it includes: We have acquired multiple historical restoration cases, which include the type characteristics of restored ancient buildings, natural environment characteristics, structural damage and functional decline issues, restoration projects and restoration plans; Based on the type characteristics, natural environment characteristics, and structural damage and functional decline of the ancient buildings to be repaired, similar historical repair cases are identified from historical repair cases. Based on similar historical restoration cases, restoration projects for ancient buildings to be restored are identified.

[0032] Specifically, different types of ancient buildings (such as timber structures, brick and stone structures, and earthen and timber structures) differ in structural form, material properties, and construction techniques, which influence the selection of restoration projects. For example, timber-structured ancient buildings may focus more on the preservation, reinforcement, and replacement of timber, while brick and stone structures may emphasize the repair and grouting of bricks and stones. Understanding the characteristics of restored ancient buildings helps in identifying similar cases to the type of ancient building to be restored. The natural environment plays a significant role in the damage and decline of ancient buildings. Different regional climates, geological conditions, and biological environments lead to different damage patterns in ancient buildings. For example, ancient buildings in humid and rainy areas are susceptible to mold and insect infestation, while those in cold and dry areas may crack due to freeze-thaw cycles. Obtaining the characteristics of the natural environment in which restored ancient buildings are located allows for the identification of cases restored under similar conditions, providing a more practical reference for the restoration of ancient buildings to be restored.

[0033] The restoration projects for the restored ancient buildings detail the specific measures taken to address various forms of damage and decay, such as wall reinforcement, timber replacement, and drainage system upgrades. The restoration plans for the restored ancient buildings further explain the implementation methods, processes, and material selections for each restoration project. Studying these materials can provide specific operational guidance for the restoration of ancient buildings awaiting restoration.

[0034] The system can encode the type characteristics, natural environment characteristics, and structural damage and functional degradation issues of ancient buildings to be repaired, generating feature vectors for the ancient buildings to be repaired. It can also encode the type characteristics, natural environment characteristics, structural damage and functional degradation issues of repaired ancient buildings, generating feature vectors for the repaired ancient buildings. The system can calculate the cosine similarity between the feature vectors of the ancient buildings to be repaired and the feature vectors of the repaired ancient buildings, and historical repair cases of repaired ancient buildings with a cosine similarity greater than a threshold (e.g., 0.7) can be considered as similar historical repair cases.

[0035] The restoration projects of all similar historical restoration cases were deduplicated to determine the restoration projects for the ancient buildings to be restored. Specifically, the restoration projects of each historical restoration case were thoroughly reviewed, including structural reinforcement (such as beam and column reinforcement, wall reinforcement, etc.), material replacement (such as timber replacement, brick and stone repair, etc.), decorative restoration (such as painting restoration, carving restoration, etc.), and functional restoration (such as drainage system repair, electrical system upgrade, etc.). The restoration projects of each case were recorded in a list, clearly specifying the project name, specific content, implementation method, and materials used, providing a clear basis for subsequent deduplication analysis. The restoration projects in different cases were compared one by one to identify the same or similar projects. For similar projects, the differences in implementation methods, material selection, and restoration effects were further analyzed to determine whether they could be merged or unified. Based on the results of the comparative analysis, duplicate or unnecessary restoration projects were removed, and the most critical and applicable core restoration projects for the ancient buildings to be restored were selected. For example, if multiple similar cases have involved the reinforcement of wooden beams and columns, and the reinforcement methods and materials are basically the same, then this project can be identified as a necessary repair project for the ancient building to be repaired.

[0036] Step 120 leverages multiple historical restoration cases to fully absorb past restoration experience, avoids repetitive exploration and trial and error, and matches similar cases based on the various characteristics of the ancient building to be restored, thereby accurately determining the restoration project and improving the effectiveness and pertinence of the restoration work.

[0037] Step 130: Based on the renovation project of the ancient building to be repaired, determine multiple renovation plans for the ancient building to be repaired.

[0038] Specifically, it includes: For each restoration project of an ancient building to be restored, based on similar historical restoration cases, we determine a variety of candidate restoration materials and a variety of restoration techniques for each candidate restoration material. Based on the multiple candidate repair materials for each repair project and the multiple repair techniques for each candidate repair material, multiple repair schemes are determined. The repair schemes include the repair materials and repair techniques for each repair project.

[0039] Specifically, restoration materials used in similar historical restoration projects can be considered as candidate restoration materials. New materials with similar functions to those used in similar historical restoration projects can also be introduced as candidate restoration materials. Restoration techniques using materials from similar historical restoration projects can also be considered as candidate restoration techniques. Furthermore, new restoration techniques with similar functions to those using materials from similar historical restoration projects can be introduced as candidate restoration techniques. For example, in the foundation reinforcement of ancient buildings, combining traditional piling techniques with modern grouting technology can improve the reinforcement effect; in the connection of wooden components, combining modern metal connectors with traditional mortise and tenon structures can enhance the stability of the structure. Another example is using 3D printing technology to create models of ancient building components or replacement parts for missing sections, improving the accuracy and efficiency of restoration; and using laser cleaning technology to remove dirt and deposits from the surface of ancient buildings, reducing damage to the building itself.

[0040] In any two repair schemes, at least one repair item has different repair materials or repair techniques.

[0041] Step 130 identifies a variety of candidate repair materials and corresponding repair techniques for each repair project, providing a wide range of choices.

[0042] Step 140: For each renovation scheme, determine the carbon emission factors of production, transportation, and construction energy for each renovation material in the renovation scheme. Based on the carbon emission factors of production, transportation, and construction energy for each renovation material in the renovation scheme, perform a carbon footprint analysis on the renovation scheme and calculate the total carbon emissions of the renovation scheme.

[0043] In some embodiments, determining the production carbon emission factor of each repair material for a repair scheme includes: Determine the production process data and carbon emission factors of various known repair materials, including multiple material types; For each material type, based on the production process data and carbon emission factors of various known repair materials included in the material type, several key production characteristics are determined; For each type of repair material in the repair scheme, determine the material type of the repair material, obtain the characteristic values ​​of multiple key production characteristics of the corresponding material type, and based on the characteristic values ​​of multiple key production characteristics of the corresponding material type and the production process data of multiple known repair materials included in the corresponding material type, determine similar known repair materials, and based on similar known repair materials, determine the production carbon emission factor of the repair material.

[0044] Specifically, the known production process data for repair materials covers information on each stage from raw material acquisition to finished product output. The production carbon emission factor refers to the amount of carbon dioxide emitted per unit mass of repair materials produced.

[0045] In some embodiments, based on production process data and carbon emission factors of various known repair materials including material types, several key production characteristics are determined, including: Identify multiple production characteristics; For each production characteristic, the impact of the production characteristic on the production carbon emission factor is calculated based on the production process data and production carbon emission factor of various known repair materials included in the material type. Based on the impact of each production characteristic on the carbon emission factor of production, several key production characteristics are identified.

[0046] Specifically, production characteristics are variables or factors that can reflect the characteristics of the repair material production process. For example, raw material-related characteristics include the quality of raw materials; energy-related characteristics include the type of energy used in the production process (coal, natural gas, electricity, etc.), total energy consumption, and energy consumption per unit of product; and production process-related characteristics include the equipment used and the parameters of the equipment (e.g., temperature, pressure, time, etc.).

[0047] For each production characteristic, the characteristic value of the production characteristic on known repair materials can be determined based on the production process data of various known repair materials included in the material type. The characteristic value of the production characteristic on each known repair material and the production carbon emission factor of the known repair materials are then substituted into the correlation coefficient calculation formula (e.g., Pearson correlation coefficient, Kendall rank correlation coefficient, etc.) to calculate the correlation coefficient between the production characteristic and the production carbon emission factor. The absolute value of the correlation coefficient between the production characteristic and the production carbon emission factor is taken as the influence value of the production characteristic on the production carbon emission factor.

[0048] Production characteristics whose impact on the carbon emission factor of production is greater than a threshold (e.g., 0.6) can be considered as key production characteristics.

[0049] By collecting production process data and carbon emission factors of various types of known restoration materials, a solid data foundation was laid for subsequently determining the carbon emission factors of restoration materials, ensuring the reliability of the entire calculation process. Identifying multiple key production characteristics based on known material data allows for the capture of core elements in the material production process, using concise and effective features to characterize complex processes, thus improving analytical efficiency and accuracy. Based on the characteristic values ​​of the key production features corresponding to the restoration materials, similar materials are quickly identified from the known materials, thereby determining the carbon emission factors of the restoration materials. This method avoids the complex process of calculating carbon emission factors from scratch, significantly improving the efficiency of determining the carbon emission factors of restoration materials. Accurately determining the carbon emission factors of restoration materials provides comprehensive carbon emission reference information for the selection of restoration schemes for ancient buildings, helping to select more environmentally friendly and low-carbon schemes from numerous options, and promoting the green and sustainable development of ancient building restoration.

[0050] Figure 3 This is a flowchart illustrating the determination of the transport carbon emission factor for each type of repair material in a repair scheme, as shown in one embodiment of this application. Figure 3 As shown, in some embodiments, determining the transport carbon emission factor for each repair material in the repair scheme includes: This study acquires multiple sets of historical transportation data across various modes of transport. The historical data includes specific models of transport vehicles (such as trucks, trains, ships, and airplanes) and their carbon emission factors. The transport mode is selected from road, rail, water, and air transport. The carbon emission factor reflects the carbon emissions per unit of transported volume (such as per unit weight or per unit volume of goods) under specific transport vehicles and conditions. By collecting a large amount of historical data, the study can cover the carbon emissions of different transport vehicles under various transport scenarios, providing a rich data foundation for subsequent analysis. For each mode of transport, key transport characteristics are determined based on multiple sets of historical transport data. For example, for road transport, key transport characteristics might include transport distance, cargo weight, vehicle type (fuel type, load capacity, etc.), and road conditions (flat roads, mountain roads, etc.); for rail transport, key transport characteristics might include train type (electric locomotive, diesel locomotive), gradient of the transport line, and cargo loading method. These key transport characteristics can concisely and effectively summarize the main factors affecting transport carbon emissions, facilitating subsequent evaluation and comparison of different transport options. Multiple transportation options are determined for each type of repair material in the repair plan. Each transportation option includes the mode of transport, the means of transport, and the route of transport. Each transportation option needs to specify three elements: mode of transport (choose one from road, rail, waterway, or air), means of transport (determine the specific transport equipment based on the selected mode of transport, such as a specific type of truck or train carriage), and route of transport (plan the specific route of the goods from the origin to the destination, taking into account factors such as distance and traffic conditions of different routes). For each transportation plan, based on the transportation vehicle and route, the key transportation characteristics of the transportation mode are determined. For example, if the transportation plan chooses road transportation, the transportation vehicle is a specific type of truck, and the transportation route is a mountain road, then the characteristic value of the key transportation characteristic "road conditions" is "mountain road," and the characteristic value of "transportation distance" is the actual length of the route, etc. Based on the characteristic values ​​of the key transportation characteristics of the transportation mode and multiple sets of historical transportation data included in the transportation mode, similar historical transportation data are identified. Based on the transportation carbon emission factor of similar historical transportation data, the transportation carbon emission factor of the transportation plan is calculated. Similar historical transportation data means that in the key transportation mode... In terms of transport characteristics, it has a high degree of similarity with the current transport plan. Its transport carbon emission factor can be used as a reference for the carbon emission factor of the current transport plan. Based on the transport carbon emission factor of similar historical transport data, and combined with the differences between the current transport plan and similar historical transport data in key transport characteristics, appropriate adjustments and calculations are made to obtain the transport carbon emission factor of the transport plan. For example, the transport carbon emission factors of similar historical transport data can be weighted and summed to obtain the transport carbon emission factor of the transport plan. The weight of the transport carbon emission factor of similar historical transport data can be the cosine similarity between the feature value of the key transport characteristics of the transport mode based on the transport plan and the feature value of the key transport characteristics of multiple sets of historical transport data included in the transport mode. Based on the minimum value of the transportation carbon emission factor of each repair material under various transportation schemes, the optimal transportation scheme for the repair materials is determined, that is, the transportation scheme corresponding to the minimum transportation carbon emission factor is taken as the optimal transportation scheme. Based on the optimal transportation scheme for each repair material in the repair scheme, the transportation carbon emission factor of each repair material in the repair scheme is determined. The transportation carbon emission factor of each repair material in the repair scheme is the transportation carbon emission factor of the optimal transportation scheme for the repair material.

[0051] In some embodiments, when the mode of transport is road transport, the multiple sets of historical transport data included in the transport mode include transport vehicles and transport carbon emission factors for different roads. These different roads may include urban roads, rural roads, highways, mountain roads, etc., and differences in road conditions, gradients, and pavement quality among each type of road will lead to different energy consumption and carbon emissions of the transport vehicles.

[0052] In some embodiments, key transportation characteristics of a transportation mode are determined based on multiple sets of historical transportation data, including: Identify multiple road structural features, which may affect carbon emissions from highway transportation. For example, multiple road structural features may include road gradient (the range of gradient angles for uphill, downhill, and flat roads), road surface smoothness (smooth, with some potholes, and uneven), road width (narrow, moderate, and wide), and curve radius (small-radius curves and large-radius curves). For each mode of transport (such as different models of trucks, vans, etc.), based on the transport carbon emission factor of the mode of transport on different roads and the characteristic values ​​of the road structure characteristics of different roads, a variety of key road structure characteristics are determined. Among them, the key transport characteristics of the transport mode include at least the multiple key road structure characteristics corresponding to each mode of transport.

[0053] For each road structural feature, the carbon emission factors of transportation vehicles on different roads and the feature values ​​of different road structural features are substituted into the correlation coefficient calculation formula (e.g., Pearson correlation coefficient, Kendall rank correlation coefficient, etc.) to calculate the correlation coefficient between the road structural feature and the carbon emission factor. This correlation coefficient is then taken as the influence value of the road structural feature on the carbon emission factor. Road structural features whose influence value on the carbon emission factor is greater than a threshold (e.g., 0.6) can be considered key road structural features.

[0054] In some embodiments, when the mode of transportation is road transportation, based on the transportation vehicle of the transportation plan, multiple key road structural features are determined. Based on the transportation path of the transportation plan and the multiple key road structural features, the transportation path of the transportation plan is divided into multiple path segments, and the feature value of each path segment in the multiple key road structural features is determined.

[0055] Specifically, based on the total length of the transportation route, the transportation plan is evenly divided into multiple initial units according to a pre-set fixed length (e.g., one kilometer per unit) or a fixed number (e.g., dividing a 10-kilometer route into 10 units). For each initial unit, its specific characteristic values ​​for various key road structural features are determined through on-site measurements, road data review, or estimation using relevant models. For example, Unit 1 has a road slope of 3°, a road surface roughness index (IRI) of 2.0, a road width of 8 meters, and a curve radius of 100 meters; Unit 2 has a road slope of 4°, an IRI of 2.2, a road width of 8 meters, and a curve radius of 120 meters. The similarity of characteristic values ​​for various key road structural features between adjacent units is calculated.

[0056] For example, the similarity of feature values ​​of two adjacent units across multiple key road structural features can be calculated using the following formula:

[0057] in, Let be the similarity of feature values ​​between the i-th unit and the (i+1)-th unit across multiple key road structural features. Let be the eigenvalue of the i-th unit in the n-th critical road structure feature. Let i+1 be the feature value of the (i+1)th unit in the nth critical road structure feature. This represents the total number of key road structural features.

[0058] The smaller the differences between two units in multiple key road structural features, the higher their similarity; conversely, the greater the differences, the lower the similarity. By quantifying this difference and mapping it to the range of similarity values, a numerical value that can measure the degree of similarity is obtained. The above formula sums the feature value differences between two units in the nth key road structural feature, using absolute values ​​to ensure that the differences are always positive, avoiding the cancellation of positive and negative differences, and quantifying the similarity between two adjacent units in multiple key road structural features into a specific numerical value, which ranges between (0,1].

[0059] Set a similarity threshold (e.g., 0.8). When the similarity of the feature values ​​of two adjacent units is greater than or equal to this threshold, the two units are considered to have high similarity in road structure features and can be merged into a single path segment. Starting from the beginning of the path, compare the similarity of adjacent units sequentially. If the similarity of the feature values ​​of adjacent units is greater than or equal to the threshold, merge the two units into a new path segment and recalculate the key road structure features of this path segment (using methods such as weighted averaging). If the similarity of the feature values ​​of adjacent units is less than the threshold, keep the two units as independent path segments. Continue comparing until all units of the entire path have been compared.

[0060] In some embodiments, based on the feature values ​​of key transportation characteristics of the transportation mode of the transportation plan and multiple sets of historical transportation data including the transportation mode, similar historical transportation data are identified, including: For each route segment, based on the feature values ​​of the route segment in various key road structure features and the historical transportation data of the transportation vehicles on different roads, similar historical transportation data of the route segment are determined.

[0061] Specifically, based on historical transportation data of vehicles on different roads, feature values ​​of different roads in multiple key road structural features are determined. The cosine similarity between the feature values ​​of a route segment in multiple key road structural features and the feature values ​​of different roads in multiple key road structural features is calculated. Historical transportation data of roads with a cosine similarity greater than a similarity threshold (e.g., 0.7) are considered as similar historical transportation data of the route segment.

[0062] In some embodiments, the transportation carbon emission factor of a transportation scheme is calculated based on the transportation carbon emission factor of similar historical transportation data, including: For each route segment, the transport carbon emission factor of the route segment is calculated based on the transport carbon emission factor of similar historical transport data of the route segment. The transportation carbon emission factor of the transportation scheme is calculated based on the transportation carbon emission factor of each route segment and the route segment length.

[0063] Specifically, the transportation carbon emission factor of the transportation scheme can be obtained by weighted summation of the transportation carbon emission factors of each route segment based on the route segment length.

[0064] For example, the transportation carbon emission factor of a transportation scheme can be calculated using the following formula:

[0065] in, Let be the carbon emission factor for the i-th transportation scheme. Let be the path segment length of the m-th path segment of the i-th transportation plan. Let be the path segment length of the k-th path segment of the i-th transportation plan. Let be the carbon emission factor of the m-th route segment of the i-th transportation scheme. Let be the total number of path segments for the i-th transportation scheme.

[0066] This formula uses a weighted average method to determine the transportation carbon emission factor of a transportation plan. Transportation plans often contain multiple route segments, each with different lengths and carbon emission factors. The weighted average method comprehensively considers the impact of these different route segments on the overall transportation carbon emissions, calculating the average carbon emission factor of the entire transportation plan by assigning a weight to each route segment related to its length.

[0067] In some embodiments, a carbon footprint analysis is performed on the repair scheme based on the carbon emission factors of production, transportation, and construction energy for each repair material, to calculate the total carbon emissions of the repair scheme, including: For the renovation project of the ancient building to be repaired, determine the usage amount and optimal transportation plan of each type of renovation material for the renovation project, and calculate the production carbon emission and transportation carbon emission of the renovation project by combining the production carbon emission factor and transportation carbon emission factor of each type of renovation material in the renovation plan. For the renovation projects of ancient buildings to be repaired, determine the construction energy consumption of the renovation project, and calculate the construction carbon emissions of the renovation project by combining the carbon emission factor of the construction energy. The total carbon emissions of the renovation plan are calculated based on the production carbon emissions, transportation carbon emissions, and construction carbon emissions of each renovation project.

[0068] Specifically, the production carbon emissions of each material are calculated by multiplying its usage by its corresponding production carbon emission factor. The production carbon emissions of all materials are then summed to obtain the total production carbon emissions of the renovation project. Similarly, the transportation distance and mode of transport for each material are determined based on the optimal transportation plan. Combined with its transportation carbon emission factor, the transportation carbon emissions of each material are calculated. Finally, these summaries yield the total transportation carbon emissions of the renovation project.

[0069] The energy consumption of a renovation project can be predicted using manual methods or machine learning models. The carbon emission amount for each type of energy consumption is obtained by multiplying it by its corresponding carbon emission factor. Then, the carbon emission amounts for all energy sources are summed to obtain the total carbon emission amount for the renovation project.

[0070] The total carbon emissions of the renovation project are obtained by adding up the carbon emissions from production, transportation, and construction.

[0071] By analyzing carbon footprints, decision-makers can gain a clear understanding of carbon emissions at different stages of a renovation project, enabling them to make more scientific and rational decisions regarding material selection, transportation planning, and construction energy management, thereby reducing the carbon emissions of renovation projects.

[0072] Step 150: Determine the optimal renovation plan based on the total carbon emissions of the renovation plan.

[0073] Specifically, the repair plan with the lowest total carbon emissions can be selected as the optimal repair plan.

[0074] As a preferred option, a detailed economic cost calculation is performed for each renovation plan, covering material procurement costs, transportation costs, labor costs, equipment rental costs, and potential management expenses. Taking the renovation of ancient building walls as an example, price differences between different wall materials (such as traditional bricks and stones, and new environmentally friendly bricks), and variations in labor costs due to different construction difficulties, will all affect the total cost. Based on the specific goals and requirements of the project, the weights of carbon emissions and economic costs in the evaluation are determined. If the project has high environmental protection requirements, the weight of carbon emissions can be set higher; if the project has limited funds, the weight of economic costs may be higher. Based on the determined indicator weights and standardized data, a comprehensive score is calculated for each renovation plan. The calculation formula is: Comprehensive Score = Standardized Carbon Emission Value × Carbon Emission Weight + Standardized Economic Cost Value × Economic Cost Weight. The comprehensive scores of each renovation plan are compared, and the plan with the highest comprehensive score is selected as the optimal renovation plan.

[0075] Finally, it should be understood that the embodiments described in this specification are merely illustrative of the principles of the embodiments described herein. Other variations may also fall within the scope of this specification. Therefore, alternative configurations of the embodiments described herein are intended to be illustrative rather than limiting, and should be considered consistent with the teachings of this specification. Accordingly, the embodiments described herein are not limited to those explicitly introduced and described herein.

Claims

1. A method for optimizing the cost of green restoration of ancient buildings in combination with carbon footprint analysis, characterized by, The method comprises the following steps: obtaining the structural damage and functional degradation problems of the ancient building to be repaired; determining the repair project of the ancient building to be repaired based on the structural damage and functional degradation problems of the ancient building to be repaired; determining multiple repair schemes of the ancient building to be repaired based on the repair project of the ancient building to be repaired; for each repair scheme, determining the production carbon emission factor, the transportation carbon emission factor and the carbon emission factor of the construction energy of each repair material of the repair scheme, performing carbon footprint analysis on the repair scheme based on the production carbon emission factor, the transportation carbon emission factor and the carbon emission factor of the construction energy of each repair material of the repair scheme, and calculating the total carbon emission of the repair scheme; determining the optimal repair scheme based on the total carbon emission of the repair scheme.

2. The method for green restoration cost optimization of ancient buildings in conjunction with carbon footprint analysis as claimed in claim 1, wherein, Obtaining the structural damage and functional degradation problems of the ancient building to be repaired comprises: establishing a damage and degradation knowledge graph, wherein the degradation knowledge graph is used to record the type characteristics of different types of ancient buildings and the structural damage and functional degradation risks in different natural environments; obtaining the type characteristics and environmental characteristics of the ancient building to be repaired; determining the type of the ancient building to be repaired based on the type characteristics of the ancient building to be repaired and the damage and degradation knowledge graph; obtaining the natural environment characteristics of the ancient building to be repaired; determining the structural damage and functional degradation risks of the ancient building to be repaired based on the type of the ancient building to be repaired, the natural environment characteristics and the damage and degradation knowledge graph; determining the detection scheme of the ancient building to be repaired based on the structural damage and functional degradation risks of the ancient building to be repaired; obtaining the structural damage and functional degradation problems of the ancient building to be repaired based on the detection scheme of the ancient building to be repaired.

3. The method for green restoration cost optimization of ancient buildings in conjunction with carbon footprint analysis as claimed in claim 1, wherein, Determine the repair project of the ancient building to be repaired based on the structural damage and functional degradation problems of the ancient building to be repaired, comprising: obtaining a plurality of historical repair cases, wherein the historical repair cases include the type characteristics, natural environment characteristics, structural damage and functional degradation problems, repair projects and repair schemes of the repaired ancient buildings; determining similar historical repair cases from the historical repair cases based on the type characteristics, natural environment characteristics and structural damage and functional degradation problems of the ancient building to be repaired; determining the repair project of the ancient building to be repaired based on the repair project of the similar historical repair cases.

4. The method for optimizing the cost of green restoration of ancient buildings in combination with carbon footprint analysis according to claim 3, characterized in that, Determine multiple repair schemes of the ancient building to be repaired based on the repair project of the ancient building to be repaired, comprising: for each repair project of the ancient building to be repaired, determining multiple candidate repair materials and multiple repair processes of each candidate repair material based on the similar historical repair cases; determining multiple repair schemes based on the multiple candidate repair materials and the multiple repair processes of each candidate repair material of each repair project, wherein the repair scheme includes the repair material and the repair process of each repair project.

5. The method for optimizing the cost of green restoration of ancient buildings in combination with carbon footprint analysis according to any one of claims 1-4, characterized in that, Determine the production carbon emission factor of each repair material of the repair scheme, comprising: determining the production process data and production carbon emission factor of multiple known repair materials included in multiple material types; For each material type, a plurality of key production characteristics are determined based on production process data and production carbon emission factors of a plurality of known repair materials included in the material type; For each repair material of the repair scheme, a material type of the repair material is determined, a characteristic value of each of the plurality of key production characteristics corresponding to the material type of the repair material is obtained, a similar known repair material is determined based on the characteristic value of each of the plurality of key production characteristics corresponding to the material type of the repair material and the production process data of the plurality of known repair materials included in the material type of the repair material, and a production carbon emission factor of the repair material is determined based on the similar known repair material.

6. The method for green restoration cost optimization of ancient buildings in conjunction with carbon footprint analysis as claimed in claim 5, wherein, The plurality of key production characteristics are determined based on the production process data and the production carbon emission factors of the plurality of known repair materials included in the material type, including: determining a plurality of production characteristics; for each production characteristic, calculating an influence value of the production characteristic on the production carbon emission factor based on the production process data and the production carbon emission factors of the plurality of known repair materials included in the material type; determining the plurality of key production characteristics based on the influence value of each production characteristic on the production carbon emission factor.

7. The method for optimizing the cost of green restoration of ancient buildings in combination with carbon footprint analysis according to any one of claims 1-4, characterized in that, The transportation carbon emission factor of each repair material of the repair scheme is determined, including: obtaining a plurality of sets of historical transportation data included in a plurality of transportation modes, wherein the historical transportation data includes a transportation tool and a transportation carbon emission factor, and the transportation mode is one of highway transportation, railway transportation, waterway transportation, and air transportation; for each transportation mode, determining a key transportation characteristic of the transportation mode based on the plurality of sets of historical transportation data included in the transportation mode; determining a plurality of transportation schemes for each repair material of the repair scheme, wherein the transportation scheme includes a transportation mode, a transportation tool, and a transportation path; for each transportation scheme, determining a characteristic value of the key transportation characteristic of the transportation mode of the transportation scheme based on the transportation tool and the transportation path of the transportation scheme, determining similar historical transportation data based on the characteristic value of the key transportation characteristic of the transportation mode of the transportation scheme and the plurality of sets of historical transportation data included in the transportation mode, and calculating a transportation carbon emission factor of the transportation scheme based on the transportation carbon emission factor of the similar historical transportation data; determining an optimal transportation scheme for each repair material of the repair scheme based on a minimum value of the transportation carbon emission factors of the plurality of transportation schemes for the repair material; determining the transportation carbon emission factor of each repair material of the repair scheme based on the optimal transportation scheme for each repair material of the repair scheme.

8. The method for green restoration cost optimization of ancient buildings in conjunction with carbon footprint analysis as claimed in claim 7, wherein, When the transportation mode is highway transportation, the plurality of sets of historical transportation data included in the transportation mode include transportation tools and transportation carbon emission factors of different roads; determining the key transportation characteristic of the transportation mode based on the plurality of sets of historical transportation data included in the transportation mode, including: determining a plurality of road structure characteristics; for each transportation tool, determining a plurality of key road structure characteristics based on the transportation carbon emission factors of the transportation tool on different roads and the characteristic values of the road structure characteristics of different roads, wherein the key transportation characteristic of the transportation mode at least includes the plurality of key road structure characteristics corresponding to each transportation tool.

9. The method for green restoration cost optimization of ancient buildings in conjunction with carbon footprint analysis as claimed in claim 8, wherein, determining the characteristic value of the key transportation characteristic of the transportation mode of the transportation scheme based on the transportation tool and the transportation path of the transportation scheme, including: When the transportation mode is road transportation, based on the transportation tool of the transportation scheme, a plurality of key road structure features are determined, based on the transportation path of the transportation scheme and the plurality of key road structure features, the transportation path of the transportation scheme is divided into a plurality of path segments, and the characteristic values of each path segment in the plurality of key road structure features are determined; Based on the characteristic values of the key transportation features of the transportation mode of the transportation scheme and the plurality of groups of historical transportation data included in the transportation mode, the similar historical transportation data is determined, including: For each path segment, based on the characteristic values of the path segment in the plurality of key road structure features and the historical transportation data of the transportation tool on different roads, the similar historical transportation data of the path segment is determined; Based on the transportation carbon emission factor of the similar historical transportation data, the transportation carbon emission factor of the transportation scheme is calculated, including: For each path segment, based on the transportation carbon emission factor of the similar historical transportation data of the path segment, the transportation carbon emission factor of the path segment is calculated; Based on the transportation carbon emission factor of each path segment and the path segment length, the transportation carbon emission factor of the transportation scheme is calculated.

10. The method for green restoration cost optimization of ancient buildings in conjunction with carbon footprint analysis as claimed in claim 9, wherein, Based on the production carbon emission factor, the transportation carbon emission factor and the carbon emission factor of the construction energy of each repair material of the repair scheme, the carbon footprint analysis of the repair scheme is carried out, and the total carbon emission amount of the repair scheme is calculated, including: For the repair project of the ancient building to be repaired, the use amount of each repair material of the repair project of the ancient building to be repaired and the optimal transportation scheme are determined, and the production carbon emission amount and the transportation carbon emission amount of the repair project are calculated in combination with the production carbon emission factor and the transportation carbon emission factor of each repair material of the repair scheme. For the repair project of the ancient building to be repaired, the construction energy consumption of the repair project is determined, and the construction carbon emission amount of the repair project is calculated in combination with the carbon emission factor of the construction energy. Based on the production carbon emission amount, the transportation carbon emission amount and the construction carbon emission amount of each repair project, the total carbon emission amount of the repair scheme is calculated.

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