Head-mounted intracranial pressure monitoring system and method

Abstract

The invention belongs to the field of intracranial pressure monitoring, and discloses a head-mounted intracranial pressure monitoring system and method.The head-mounted intracranial pressure monitoring system is characterized in that an ultrasonic monitoring unit and a PPG monitoring unit are integrated on a hair band and directly worn on the head; the detection end of the ultrasonic monitoring unit is stably arranged in a temporal target area, and the detection end of the PPG monitoring unit is stably arranged in a carotid pulse area, so that synchronous and continuous acquisition of cerebral hemodynamic information and arterial blood volume change information related to intracranial pressure is realized under the condition of not invading human tissues; infection risks and potential safety hazards caused by an invasive monitoring mode are avoided, and the safety of the monitoring process is remarkably improved. The ultrasonic monitoring unit and the PPG monitoring unit are integrally fixed in a hair band mode, so that the detection end keeps a relatively stable position relation in the long-time wearing process, and measurement errors caused by probe displacement and repeated positioning inconsistency are effectively reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of intracranial pressure monitoring, specifically relating to a head-mounted intracranial pressure monitoring system and method. Background Technology

[0002] Existing intracranial pressure (ICP) monitoring technologies are mainly divided into two categories: invasive monitoring and non-invasive monitoring. Invasive monitoring usually uses intraventricular catheters, which can directly acquire intracranial pressure data and has high measurement accuracy. However, this method requires intrusion into intracranial tissue, which poses a significant risk of infection. Clinical reports indicate that the infection rate is not less than 5%. Furthermore, it is difficult to leave the catheter in place for extended periods or continuously in non-critical care settings, limiting its application in routine monitoring, transport monitoring, and long-term follow-up.

[0003] In the area of ​​non-invasive monitoring, existing technologies are mostly based on desktop transcranial Doppler (TCD) devices, which indirectly estimate intracranial pressure by detecting cerebral hemodynamic parameters. These systems typically rely on rigid probes and headframe structures, requiring precise acoustic window positioning. Probe alignment is complex and susceptible to individual skull variations. Furthermore, patients often need to maintain a fixed sitting or lying position during measurement, making them unsuitable for clinical transport, nighttime monitoring, and long-term continuous monitoring. In addition, due to the probe's rigidity, it has poor conformity to the curvature of the scalp, making it prone to positional shifts during repeated wear or prolonged monitoring. This results in insufficient stability of measurement results, with repeat measurement errors exceeding 15%.

[0004] In summary, existing invasive and non-invasive intracranial pressure monitoring technologies generally have the following shortcomings: First, there is a lack of integrated headband structures that can be directly worn on the head, making it difficult to meet the continuous monitoring needs of patients at the bedside, during transport, and at night; second, rigid probes have poor compatibility with the curvature of the scalp, resulting in insufficient consistency in repeatability and affecting the accuracy of intracranial pressure estimation; and third, there is a lack of flexible and comfortable fixation solutions, which can easily cause local pressure and pressure sores with prolonged wear, thus limiting the duration of continuous monitoring. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to overcome the problem that existing intracranial pressure monitoring technologies cannot achieve high-precision, long-term continuous head-mounted intracranial pressure monitoring while ensuring non-invasiveness, safety, and comfortable wear, and to provide a head-mounted intracranial pressure monitoring system and method.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution: In a first aspect, the present invention provides a head-mounted intracranial pressure monitoring system, comprising: The ultrasound monitoring unit is used to transmit and receive ultrasound signals propagating and reflected through the target area of ​​the temporal region, acquire ultrasound echo characteristic parameters related to the cerebral hemodynamic state, and upload the ultrasound echo characteristic parameters to the host computer. The PPG monitoring unit is used to acquire photoplethysmography (PPG) waves in the carotid artery pulsation area, continuously obtain PPG signals reflecting changes in arterial blood flow volume, and upload the PPG signals to the host computer. The headband is used to fix the ultrasound monitoring unit. The detection end of the ultrasound monitoring unit is placed in the target area of ​​the temporal region, and the detection end of the PPG monitoring unit is placed in the carotid artery pulsation area.

[0007] A further improvement of the present invention is that the ultrasonic monitoring unit includes: The ultrasonic drive module is used to generate drive signals to drive the ultrasonic probe. An ultrasonic probe is used to transmit and receive ultrasonic signals, and sends the received ultrasonic signals to an ultrasonic receiving and processing module. The ultrasonic receiving and processing module is used to process the received ultrasonic signals, obtain ultrasonic echo characteristic parameters, and upload the ultrasonic echo characteristic parameters to the host computer.

[0008] A further improvement of the present invention is that the ultrasound probe includes a transmitting probe and a receiving probe, which are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the headband at the temporal position.

[0009] A further improvement of the present invention is that the ultrasound receiving and processing module includes: The filtering module is used to filter the received ultrasound signal and send the filtered ultrasound signal to the signal amplifier. The signal amplifier is used to amplify the filtered ultrasonic signal and send the amplified ultrasonic signal to the AD converter; An AD converter is used to convert amplified ultrasound signals into digital signals and send the digital signals to a wireless communication module. The wireless communication module is used to send digital signals to the host computer.

[0010] A further improvement of the present invention is that the PPG monitoring unit includes: The PPG sensor is used to emit light signals and receive light intensity change signals caused by periodic changes in blood volume, and send the light intensity change signals to the PPG main control module. The PPG main control module is used to process the received light intensity change signal, obtain the PPG signal, and send the PPG signal to the host computer.

[0011] A further improvement of the present invention is that the PPG sensor is placed in the carotid artery pulsation area, and the PPG main control module is fixed on the headband.

[0012] A further improvement of the invention is that the headband is made of an elastic material.

[0013] Secondly, the present invention provides a method for operating a head-mounted intracranial pressure monitoring system, comprising the following steps: Secure the headband to the head and place the detection end of the ultrasound monitoring unit in the target area of ​​the temporal region, and the detection end of the PPG monitoring unit in the carotid artery pulsation area; The ultrasound monitoring unit continuously emits and receives ultrasound signals propagating and reflected through the target area of ​​the temporal region, acquires ultrasound echo characteristic parameters related to the cerebral hemodynamic state, and uploads the ultrasound echo characteristic parameters to the host computer. The PPG monitoring unit continuously acquires photoplethysmography (PPG) signals reflecting changes in arterial blood flow volume in the carotid artery pulsation area and uploads the PPG signals to the host computer.

[0014] A further improvement of this invention is that the transmitting probe and receiving probe of the ultrasound monitoring unit are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the headband at the temporal position, respectively to complete the transmission of ultrasound signals and the acquisition of echo signals. The acquired echo signals are filtered, amplified and converted from analog to digital to obtain ultrasound echo characteristic parameters related to the cerebral hemodynamic state, and the ultrasound echo characteristic parameters are uploaded to the host computer.

[0015] A further improvement of the present invention is that the PPG monitoring unit collects the light intensity change signal caused by carotid artery blood flow based on photoplethysmography pulse wave, performs signal conditioning, noise reduction and format conversion processing on the collected light intensity change signal to obtain the PPG signal reflecting the change in arterial blood flow volume, and uploads the PPG signal to the host computer.

[0016] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: This invention integrates an ultrasound monitoring unit and a PPG monitoring unit into a headband that is worn directly on the head. This allows the ultrasound monitoring unit's detection end to be stably positioned in the temporal target area, and the PPG monitoring unit's detection end to be stably positioned in the carotid artery pulsation area. This enables simultaneous and continuous acquisition of cerebral hemodynamic information and arterial blood volume changes related to intracranial pressure without invasive procedures, avoiding the infection risks and safety hazards associated with invasive monitoring methods and significantly improving the safety of the monitoring process. The headband design integrates and fixes the ultrasound and PPG monitoring units, maintaining a relatively stable position of the detection ends during prolonged wear. This effectively reduces measurement errors caused by probe displacement and inconsistent repositioning, thus improving the stability and accuracy of intracranial pressure estimation results. By continuously acquiring ultrasound echo characteristic parameters related to cerebral hemodynamics through the ultrasound monitoring unit, and simultaneously uploading PPG signals reflecting changes in carotid artery blood flow volume obtained continuously by the PPG monitoring unit to the host computer, intracranial pressure estimation can be comprehensively analyzed based on multi-source physiological information. This enhances the adaptability to short-term blood flow fluctuations and individual differences, thereby improving the reliability of non-invasive intracranial pressure monitoring. Because the monitoring system adopts a headband structure supported and secured by a headband, patients do not need to maintain a fixed position during wear. It can operate continuously in scenarios such as daily activities, nighttime rest, and clinical transport, overcoming the problem of existing non-invasive monitoring devices being unable to achieve long-term continuous monitoring. While ensuring wearing comfort, it achieves high-precision, long-term continuous headband-type intracranial pressure monitoring. Attached Figure Description

[0017] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a system diagram of the ultrasonic monitoring unit in this invention; Figure 3 This is a system diagram of the ultrasonic receiving and processing module in this invention; Figure 4 This is a system diagram of the PPG monitoring unit in this invention. Detailed Implementation

[0018] To further understand the content of this invention, the invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. It should be understood that the embodiments are merely illustrative and not limiting of the invention.

[0019] See Figure 1 A head-mounted intracranial pressure monitoring system, comprising: The ultrasound monitoring unit is used to transmit and receive ultrasound signals propagating and reflected through the target area of ​​the temporal region, acquire ultrasound echo characteristic parameters related to the cerebral hemodynamic state, and upload the ultrasound echo characteristic parameters to the host computer.

[0020] The PPG monitoring unit is used to acquire photoplethysmography (PPG) waves in the carotid artery pulsation area, continuously obtain PPG signals reflecting changes in arterial blood flow volume, and upload the PPG signals to the host computer.

[0021] Hairband 1, ultrasound monitoring unit is fixed on hairband 1, the detection end of ultrasound monitoring unit is placed in the target area of ​​the temporal region, and the detection end of PPG monitoring unit is placed in the carotid artery pulsation area.

[0022] When using, fix the headband 1 on the head, place the detection end of the ultrasound monitoring unit in the target area of ​​the temporal region, and place the detection end of the PPG monitoring unit in the carotid artery pulsation area.

[0023] The ultrasound monitoring unit continuously emits and receives ultrasound signals propagating and reflected through the target area of ​​the temporal region, acquires ultrasound echo characteristic parameters related to the cerebral hemodynamic state, and uploads the ultrasound echo characteristic parameters to the host computer.

[0024] The PPG monitoring unit continuously acquires photoplethysmography (PPG) signals reflecting changes in arterial blood flow volume in the carotid artery pulsation area and uploads the PPG signals to the host computer.

[0025] Example 1: This embodiment provides a head-mounted intracranial pressure monitoring system, which includes an ultrasound monitoring unit, a PPG monitoring unit, and a headband 1 for supporting and fixing each monitoring unit. The whole system forms an integrated head-mounted structure, which is suitable for long-term continuous wear.

[0026] The headband 1 is made of elastic material, which can adapt to different head circumferences. When worn, it can fit closely to the head contour and remain stable and fixed, thereby ensuring accurate positioning of the monitoring unit while reducing local pressure and the risk of pressure sores.

[0027] The ultrasound monitoring unit is fixed on the headband 1, and its detection end is placed in the temporal target area. It is used to transmit and receive ultrasound signals that are propagated and reflected through the temporal target area, acquire ultrasound echo characteristic parameters related to the cerebral hemodynamic state, and upload the ultrasound echo characteristic parameters to the host computer.

[0028] Further, see Figure 2The ultrasonic monitoring unit includes an ultrasonic driving module 2, an ultrasonic probe 3, and an ultrasonic receiving and processing module 4. The ultrasonic driving module 2 generates a driving signal to drive the ultrasonic probe 3. The ultrasonic probe 3 transmits and receives ultrasonic signals and sends the received ultrasonic signals to the ultrasonic receiving and processing module 4. The ultrasonic receiving and processing module 4 processes the received ultrasonic signals to obtain ultrasonic echo characteristic parameters and uploads these parameters to a host computer. The ultrasonic probe 3 includes a transmitting probe and a receiving probe, which are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the headband 1 at the temporal position.

[0029] See Figure 3 The ultrasonic receiving and processing module 4 includes: a filtering module for filtering the received ultrasonic signal and sending the filtered ultrasonic signal to a signal amplifier; a signal amplifier for amplifying the filtered ultrasonic signal and sending the amplified ultrasonic signal to an AD converter; an AD converter for converting the amplified ultrasonic signal into a digital signal and sending the digital signal to a wireless communication module; and a wireless communication module for sending the digital signal to a host computer.

[0030] See Figure 4 The PPG monitoring unit is used to acquire photoplethysmography (PPG) waves in the carotid artery pulsating region, continuously obtaining PPG signals reflecting changes in arterial blood flow volume, and uploading the PPG signals to a host computer. Further, the PPG monitoring unit includes a PPG sensor 6 and a PPG main control module 5. The PPG sensor 6 emits light signals and receives reflected or transmitted light intensity changes caused by periodic changes in blood volume, sending these light intensity change signals to the PPG main control module 5. The PPG main control module 5 processes the received light intensity change signals to obtain the PPG signal and sends it to the host computer. The PPG sensor 6 is placed in the carotid artery pulsating region, and the PPG main control module 5 is fixed to a headband 1.

[0031] When using, fix the headband 1 on the head, place the detection end of the ultrasound monitoring unit in the target area of ​​the temporal region, and place the detection end of the PPG monitoring unit in the carotid artery pulsation area.

[0032] The ultrasound monitoring unit continuously transmits and receives ultrasound signals propagating and reflected through the target area of ​​the temporal region. The transmitting and receiving probes are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the hairband at the temporal position to complete the transmission of ultrasound signals and the acquisition of echo signals. The acquired echo signals are then filtered, amplified, and converted from analog to digital in sequence to obtain ultrasound echo characteristic parameters related to the cerebral hemodynamic state. The ultrasound echo characteristic parameters are then uploaded to the host computer.

[0033] The PPG monitoring unit collects light intensity change signals caused by carotid artery blood flow based on the photoplethysmography principle. It then performs signal conditioning, noise reduction, and format conversion on the collected light intensity change signals to obtain PPG signals that reflect changes in arterial blood flow volume, and uploads the PPG signals to the host computer.

[0034] Example 2: In this embodiment, after the head-mounted intracranial pressure monitoring system completes the synchronous acquisition of ultrasound and PPG signals, it processes the acquired data according to a preset procedure to obtain characteristic parameters for intracranial pressure estimation. The ultrasound drive module 2 drives the transmitting probe to periodically emit ultrasound waves at a driving frequency of 2.0 MHz, and the receiving probe synchronously acquires the ultrasound echo signals reflected from the target area in the temporal region. The acquired ultrasound echo signals first enter the ultrasound receiving and processing module 4. In the ultrasound receiving and processing module 4, the original ultrasound echo signals undergo bandpass filtering of 1.0 MHz to 3.0 MHz to suppress low-frequency motion artifacts and high-frequency electromagnetic interference. Subsequently, the filtered signal is amplified by 30 dB and converted from analog to digital using an AD converter with a sampling rate of 5 MS / s and a quantization accuracy of 12 bits to obtain a digital ultrasound echo signal sequence. The digital ultrasound echo signal sequence is segmented into 20 ms time windows, and ultrasound echo feature parameters related to cerebral hemodynamic state are extracted within each time window. The ultrasound echo feature parameters include the main peak amplitude of the echo signal, the arrival time offset, and the changes in adjacent cardiac cycles. The extracted ultrasound echo feature parameters are updated at a frequency of 50 Hz to form a time series and uploaded to the host computer.

[0035] PPG sensor 6 continuously acquires light intensity variation signals in the carotid artery pulsation region at a sampling frequency of 200 Hz, and sends the acquired raw light intensity variation signals to PPG main control module 5. In PPG main control module 5, the light intensity variation signals are processed by bandpass filtering of 0.5 Hz to 10 Hz to eliminate baseline drift and high-frequency noise and obtain stable PPG waveform signals. Adjacent pulse cycles are identified in the continuous PPG waveform, and PPG feature parameters are extracted in each pulse cycle. The PPG feature parameters include pulse peak value, waveform rise time, and the amount of change between adjacent cycles. The processed PPG feature parameters are also uploaded to the host computer at an update frequency of 50 Hz and synchronized with the ultrasound echo feature parameters according to the timestamp.

[0036] In the host computer, the ultrasound echo characteristic parameters and PPG characteristic parameters within the time window are jointly processed using a 1-second analysis window to obtain the mean and trend parameters of the characteristics within the corresponding time window. The PPG characteristic parameters, reflecting the stability of peripheral arterial pulsation, are then used to correct the stability of the ultrasound echo characteristic parameters, thereby reducing the impact of body movement or short-term blood flow fluctuations on the ultrasound characteristic parameters. The multi-source characteristic parameters after joint processing are used as input parameters for intracranial pressure estimation, forming continuous intracranial pressure estimation results. Under continuous monitoring conditions, the average error between the estimated intracranial pressure results and the invasive intracranial pressure monitoring results is controlled within ±2.5 mmHg, and no significant numerical drift occurs during continuous 24-hour monitoring, thus verifying the stability and reliability of the head-mounted intracranial pressure monitoring system described in this embodiment under long-term continuous monitoring conditions.

[0037] Example 3: This embodiment can achieve continuous intracranial pressure monitoring for no less than 24 hours while ensuring non-invasive, safe and comfortable wear, and control the intracranial pressure estimation error within ±3 mmHg, and does not cause pressure sores during long-term wear.

[0038] This embodiment adopts an integrated headband structure, including a headband 1, an ultrasonic monitoring unit, and a PPG monitoring unit, both of which are fixed to the headband 1. The headband 1 consists of a horizontal band encircling the head and a vertical band extending from the top of the head to the back of the occipital region, forming a T-shaped fabric frame structure. A 3D-printed flexible buckle is located at the back of the occipital region to support the core hardware nodes of the system. The band is made of flexible fabric material with an elastic modulus controlled within the range of 0.3–0.6 MPa. The band width is 30 mm, and the side in contact with the scalp is covered with a 0.5 mm thick silicone anti-slip layer to ensure a stable fit while distributing localized stress. The overall weight of the system is less than 120 g, with the center of gravity located at the back of the occipital region, and the distance between the center of gravity and the occipital bone not exceeding 15 mm. It can maintain stable wear without significant slippage even when the user's head is tilted down at a 30° angle, thereby reducing the risk of discomfort or pressure sores from prolonged wear.

[0039] The ultrasound monitoring unit transmits and receives ultrasound signals propagating and reflected from the target area in the temporal region. Its detection end automatically conforms to the temporal bone region when worn. An integrated hardware node is embedded in the flexible buckle at the back of the head. This hardware node uses a dual-core architecture consisting of an STM32 and an ESP32-S3. The STM32 generates a PWM excitation signal with a center frequency of 2 MHz and a peak voltage of 15V to drive the ultrasound probe to emit ultrasound waves. The ESP32-S3 is used to acquire, filter, convert analog-to-digital signals, and control wireless communication of the ultrasound echo signals, and transmits the processed data to the host computer in real time via the BLE 5.0 protocol. The system has a built-in lithium battery, which can operate continuously for at least 6 hours on a single charge and can support continuous monitoring for ≥24 hours with multiple charges.

[0040] During data processing, the ultrasound probe continuously acquires blood flow signals from the middle cerebral artery and calculates the corresponding blood flow velocity parameters based on the acquired ultrasound echo signals, further calculating the pulsatility index (PI). The system, on the host computer side, uses the empirical formula ICP = 10.93 × PI. 1.28 Intracranial pressure was estimated and output at a frequency of once every 10 seconds. Through phantom experiments and human wearing verification, under continuous monitoring conditions, the error between the estimated intracranial pressure result and the invasive intracranial pressure measurement result was controlled within ±3 mmHg, meeting the accuracy requirements of clinical non-invasive intracranial pressure monitoring.

[0041] The PPG monitoring unit is used to collect photoplethysmography (PPG) waves in the carotid artery pulsation area. Its detection end automatically fits the carotid artery pulsation position after the headband is worn, continuously acquiring PPG signals that reflect changes in arterial blood flow volume, and uploading them synchronously with the data collected by the ultrasound monitoring unit to the host computer, thereby providing stable physiological reference information for intracranial pressure estimation.

[0042] In actual use, medical staff only need to put the headband intracranial pressure monitoring system directly on the patient's head, adjust the tightness of the horizontal and vertical straps to make the system fit well without causing obvious pressure, and the ultrasound probe will automatically fit the temporal bone area, while the PPG monitoring unit will simultaneously fit the carotid artery area. After the system is turned on, continuous intracranial pressure monitoring can begin. The monitoring data is transmitted wirelessly to the bedside terminal or host computer in real time, without the need for repeated disassembly during patient transfer or nighttime monitoring.

[0043] Through the above structure and method, this embodiment achieves integrated headband wearing during use, eliminating the need for patients to disassemble the device during transport and overnight rest. The flexible fabric frame and flexible fit structure allow the system to conform to the curvature of the head with a bending radius of no more than 15 mm, preventing pressure sores during 24-hour continuous wear. Overall lightweight design and a well-placed center of gravity at the back of the head ensure stability during daily activities and when the head is bent forward. Intracranial pressure estimation based on ultrasound blood flow characteristics keeps the intracranial pressure error within ±3 mmHg, meeting clinical monitoring needs. Real-time data transmission via BLE wireless communication avoids cable entanglement, improving usability in both clinical and home settings.

[0044] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and not to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the above embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications or equivalent substitutions can still be made to the specific implementation of the present invention. Any modifications or equivalent substitutions that do not depart from the spirit and scope of the present invention should be covered within the scope of protection of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A head-mounted intracranial pressure monitoring system, characterized in that, include: The ultrasound monitoring unit is used to transmit and receive ultrasound signals propagating and reflected through the target area of ​​the temporal region, acquire ultrasound echo characteristic parameters related to the cerebral hemodynamic state, and upload the ultrasound echo characteristic parameters to the host computer. The PPG monitoring unit is used to acquire photoplethysmography (PPG) waves in the carotid artery pulsation area, continuously obtain PPG signals reflecting changes in arterial blood flow volume, and upload the PPG signals to the host computer. The headband (1) is fixed with an ultrasound monitoring unit. The detection end of the ultrasound monitoring unit is placed in the target area of ​​the temporal region, and the detection end of the PPG monitoring unit is placed in the carotid artery pulsation area.

2. The head-mounted intracranial pressure monitoring system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The ultrasound monitoring unit includes: The ultrasonic drive module (2) is used to generate a drive signal to drive the ultrasonic probe (3). The ultrasonic probe (3) is used to transmit and receive ultrasonic signals and send the received ultrasonic signals to the ultrasonic receiving and processing module (4). The ultrasonic receiving and processing module (4) is used to process the received ultrasonic signal, obtain ultrasonic echo characteristic parameters, and upload the ultrasonic echo characteristic parameters to the host computer.

3. The head-mounted intracranial pressure monitoring system according to claim 2, characterized in that, The ultrasound probe (3) includes a transmitting probe and a receiving probe, which are symmetrically arranged on the temporal positions on both sides of the headband (1).

4. The head-mounted intracranial pressure monitoring system according to claim 2, characterized in that, The ultrasound receiving and processing module (4) includes: The filtering module is used to filter the received ultrasound signal and send the filtered ultrasound signal to the signal amplifier. The signal amplifier is used to amplify the filtered ultrasonic signal and send the amplified ultrasonic signal to the AD converter; An AD converter is used to convert amplified ultrasound signals into digital signals and send the digital signals to a wireless communication module. The wireless communication module is used to send digital signals to the host computer.

5. The head-mounted intracranial pressure monitoring system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The PPG monitoring unit includes: PPG sensor (6) is used to emit light signals and receive light intensity change signals caused by periodic changes in blood volume, and send the light intensity change signals to PPG main control module (5). The PPG main control module (5) is used to process the received light intensity change signal, obtain the PPG signal, and send the PPG signal to the host computer.

6. The head-mounted intracranial pressure monitoring system according to claim 5, characterized in that, The PPG sensor (6) is placed in the carotid artery pulsation area, and the PPG main control module (5) is fixed on the headband (1).

7. The head-mounted intracranial pressure monitoring system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The headband (1) is made of elastic material.

8. A method for operating the head-mounted intracranial pressure monitoring system according to claim 1, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: The headband (1) is fixed on the head, and the detection end of the ultrasound monitoring unit is placed in the target area of ​​the temporal region, and the detection end of the PPG monitoring unit is placed in the carotid artery pulsation area. The ultrasound monitoring unit continuously emits and receives ultrasound signals propagating and reflected through the target area of ​​the temporal region, acquires ultrasound echo characteristic parameters related to the cerebral hemodynamic state, and uploads the ultrasound echo characteristic parameters to the host computer. The PPG monitoring unit continuously acquires photoplethysmography (PPG) signals reflecting changes in arterial blood flow volume in the carotid artery pulsation area and uploads the PPG signals to the host computer.

9. The working method of the head-mounted intracranial pressure monitoring system according to claim 8, characterized in that, The transmitting and receiving probes of the ultrasound monitoring unit are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the headband at the temporal position to transmit ultrasound signals and acquire echo signals, respectively. The acquired echo signals are filtered, amplified, and converted from analog to digital to obtain ultrasound echo characteristic parameters related to the cerebral hemodynamic state, and then the ultrasound echo characteristic parameters are uploaded to the host computer.

10. The method of operating a head-mounted intracranial pressure monitoring system according to claim 8, characterized in that, The PPG monitoring unit acquires light intensity change signals caused by carotid artery blood flow based on photoplethysmography (PPG). The acquired light intensity change signals are then processed through signal conditioning, noise reduction, and format conversion to obtain PPG signals reflecting changes in arterial blood flow volume. These PPG signals are then uploaded to the host computer.

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