Device and method for additive manufacturing of functional gradient material through particle-based friction stir deposition

Abstract

The invention discloses a device and a method for manufacturing a gradient functional material through a particle-based friction stir deposition additive, the device and the method are used for high-precision preparation of the gradient functional material with a small size, and the device comprises a feeding mechanism, a static shaft shoulder and a stirring head. The feeding mechanism comprises a servo electric push cylinder, a cylinder body rear end stabilizing frame, a cylinder body front end stabilizing frame, a push rod stabilizing support, a push rod, a taper disc, a connecting flange ring and a shaft shoulder positioning support. The stationary shaft shoulder is provided with a wire feeding channel, a feeding channel and two cooling liquid circulating channels, and is provided with a boss, a skirt edge and a limiting groove; a conical structure with threads is arranged at the bottom of the stirring head; particle-based friction stir additive manufacturing of parts made of gradient functional materials or dissimilar materials is achieved through unique structural cooperation.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of solid-phase additive manufacturing technology of metallic materials, specifically relating to an apparatus and method for manufacturing graded functional materials by particle-based stir triboelectric deposition additive manufacturing. Background Technology

[0002] Friction stir deposition (AFSD) is an innovative process that applies the principles of friction stir welding to solid-state additive manufacturing. It utilizes the frictional heat generated by a high-speed rotating stirring head against a metal rod or wire, causing the material to be deposited layer by layer in a thermoplastic state below its melting point, ultimately forming a dense three-dimensional solid. As a solid-phase additive process, AFSD not only avoids the inherent problems of traditional welding (hot cracking, porosity, elemental loss, and segregation), but also significantly improves the overall mechanical properties of the product, providing a revolutionary manufacturing solution for high-strength, difficult-to-weld aluminum-based and magnesium-based alloys.

[0003] The earliest and most mature form of industrial application is bar-based AFSD (Automatic Acid Deposition). Its principle involves placing a rod-shaped metal raw material in a hollow stirring head. During processing, the hollow stirring head rotates the rod and applies an axial force downwards, plasticizing the raw material at the bottom of the rod for continuous deposition to the designated location. Bar-based AFSD is well-suited for preparing single-material parts, but its application is limited when preparing graded functional materials or mixed materials with varying compositions because it requires stopping the process to change the rod.

[0004] Patent CN113172331A discloses a continuous feeding and stirring friction additive manufacturing device. This patent enables rod changing without stopping the machine during processing. However, the device has a complex structure and large dimensions, and each rod segment must be completely consumed before the next segment can be replaced, making it unsuitable for processing scenarios involving mixed sizes and materials of rods. Patent CN117696924A offers an alternative approach. This device uses an eddy current heating device and a forming chamber to form powder into rods and continuously supplies them during processing. This device is even more complex, and there are many uncontrollable factors during the powder heating and forming process, resulting in unstable rod performance. Furthermore, the AFSD geometric accuracy of the rods is poor, and the surface roughness is high. Summary of the Invention

[0005] This invention addresses the shortcomings of existing technologies by providing an apparatus and method for manufacturing graded functional materials using particle-based friction stir deposition (AFSD). The apparatus uses a servo-driven electric cylinder to drive a pusher rod to cut filaments into granules and feed them into a stationary shoulder. Subsequently, the metal particles generate heat through friction with the stirring head within the shoulder, plasticizing and depositing onto a substrate. This process is continuous, stable, and controllable, avoiding the rod replacement and other potential problems associated with rod-based AFSD. By changing the type of filament in real time or simultaneously feeding multiple filaments, it is also possible to prepare graded functional materials that are difficult to achieve with rod-based AFSD.

[0006] To achieve the above advantages, the present invention adopts the following technical solution: An apparatus for particle-based friction stir deposition additive manufacturing of graded functional materials includes a feeding mechanism, a stationary shoulder, and a stirring head. The feeding mechanism includes a servo electric cylinder 1 and a push rod 302. The shoulder is provided with a wire inlet channel 702, a feeding channel 305, and a coolant circulation channel. The feeding channel 305 is located in the lower middle part of the shoulder, and the wire inlet channel 702 and the feeding channel 305 penetrate each other perpendicularly. The coolant circulation channel is located in the upper middle part of the shoulder. The bottom of the stirring head 303 has a threaded conical structure, which stirs and plasticizes the fed metal particles before they settle. A shoulder is formed; after one or more filaments 306 of different materials are fed in through the filament feeding channel 702, the servo electric pusher cylinder 1 drives the push rod 302 to extend into the feeding channel 305, cuts the filaments and pushes the cut metal particles into the gap between the shoulder 7 and the stirring head 303. When the stirring head 303 rotates, it will stir the metal particles, causing them to heat up and plasticize. When feeding continues, the particles fed later will squeeze the previously fed, fully plasticized metal out of the shoulder and form a deposition layer under the action of the stirring head; the quantity and material of the filaments 306 of different materials can be switched in real time.

[0007] The device, including the feeding mechanism, further comprises a cylinder rear end stabilizer 2, a cylinder front end stabilizer 4, a push rod stabilizer 5, a tapered plate 8, a flange ring 3, and a shoulder positioning bracket 6. The upper end of the cylinder rear end stabilizer 2 is bolted to the fan-shaped flange of the tapered plate 8, and the side end is bolted to the middle of the servo electric push cylinder 1, which forms a 67.5° angle with the horizontal plane. The cylinder front end stabilizer 4 is divided into three sections: the upper section forms a 155° angle with the horizontal plane and fits tightly against the wall of the tapered plate 8; the middle section is inclined to reserve space for the lower section; and the lower section forms a 67.5° angle with the horizontal plane, with a 90 mm wide and 3 mm long opening on the front. A groove with a depth of mm; the large flat surface on the left side of the push rod stabilizing bracket 5 is embedded in the groove to ensure that the push rod guide section at the end of the push rod stabilizing bracket is at 22.5° with the horizontal plane; the cylinder rear end stabilizing bracket 2 and the cylinder front end stabilizing bracket 4 together fix the servo electric push cylinder 1 at an angle of 67.5° with the horizontal plane on the tapered plate 8; The device is described above. The push rod 302 is divided into two sections, with the rear section having threads, and is assembled at the end of the servo electric push cylinder 1. During assembly, it is necessary to ensure that the front section of the push rod 302 forms a clearance fit with the push rod guide section of the push rod stabilizing bracket 5, and at this time, the front section of the push rod can be smoothly fed into the feeding channel 305 of the stationary shoulder 7.

[0008] The device has a hollow cavity inside the stationary shoulder, with a cylindrical cavity at the end. The stirring head can extend into the inner cavity. After assembly, the conical section at the bottom of the stirring head should extend 0.5~4 mm beyond the stationary shoulder, and the cylindrical section of the stirring head should form a clearance fit with the cylindrical cavity.

[0009] In the aforementioned device, the diameter of the selected wire 306 must be smaller than the diameter of the wire feeding channel 702. The initial position of the push rod 302 is located outside the shoulder 7, and the feeding efficiency can be adjusted by the frequency of the push rod's back and forth movement.

[0010] A particle-based triboelectric stirring deposition additive manufacturing method based on any of the aforementioned devices includes the following steps: S1, Start the main shaft, the main shaft drives the stirring head to start rotating at a certain angular velocity; S2, Select the appropriate metal wire as the base material according to the material of the part to be prepared, and feed the wire into the wire feeding channel; S3, the spindle descends until the forging plane at the bottom of the shoulder is in close contact with the substrate surface, at which point the stirring head extends slightly into the substrate; S4, start the servo electric pusher cylinder. The electric pusher cylinder drives the push rod to reciprocate. When it extends into the feeding channel, the push rod cuts the filament and pushes the cut particles into the hollow space inside the shoulder. Then the push rod retracts to the outside of the feeding channel. At this time, the next section of filament is fed in. Then the process is repeated to achieve continuous and stable feeding until the shoulder cavity is filled with granular raw materials. S5, the main shaft rises, and the distance the main shaft rises at this time is the thickness of the deposition layer; S6, preheating in place. At this time, the metal particles fed into the shoulder in the early stage gradually plasticize after friction with the stirring head. The unplasticized metal particles fed in later will squeeze the plasticized metal out of the bottom of the shoulder. The stirring head will stir some of the plasticized metal into the substrate. The two form a solid metallurgical bond. At the same time, the forging plane at the bottom of the shoulder will apply a certain forging force to the extruded material to assist in forming. S7, turn on the circulating water cooling, spindle feed, during the feeding process, the continuously fed metal particles squeeze out the plasticized metal inside the shoulder in the gap between the shoulder and the substrate, and finally achieve stable deposition on the substrate. S8. Treating the previous deposition layer as a substrate, repeat the above process to deposit the next deposition layer, starting from the first layer and depositing layer by layer from bottom to top until the last layer is deposited.

[0011] In the manufacturing method described above, the type of wire is aluminum alloy or magnesium alloy.

[0012] In the manufacturing method described above, the diameter of the filament is 0.4mm-2.5mm.

[0013] The beneficial effects of this invention compared to the prior art are as follows: This invention uses a particle-based friction stir additive manufacturing device to form components. Unlike devices that use rods for additive manufacturing, this device can achieve uninterrupted feeding during processing and can switch the type of filament in real time to prepare gradient materials or composite materials. The overall forming time is short and the deposition efficiency is high. After the filament is sheared into granules, it is quickly transformed into an additive part, and the finished product is less prone to inclusions. After the metal material is mixed and plasticized, it is extruded into the shoulder. The forging plane of the shoulder provides upsetting force while restricting material overflow. Therefore, the additive part has a dense structure and excellent mechanical properties, and the material utilization rate is high. The raw material is filament, which is convenient to purchase and has low storage costs. Attached Figure Description

[0014] Figure 1 This is an assembly diagram of the present invention. Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the main structure of the deposition part of the present invention. Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the servo electric cylinder unit of the present invention. Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of a stirring head with an adjustable cylindrical section. Figure 5 This is a partial schematic diagram of the conical structure at the bottom of the stirring head. Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of a stationary shoulder structure with a wire feeding channel and a feed channel. Figure 7 This is a process flow diagram of the additive manufacturing process of the present invention. In the diagram, 1-servo electric actuator, 2-rear end stabilizer of cylinder body, 3-flange ring, 4-front end stabilizer of cylinder body, 5-push rod stabilizer, 6-shoulder positioning bracket, 7-stationary shoulder, 8-tapered plate; 301-base plate, 302-push rod, 303-stirring head, 304-water cooling cavity, 305-feeding channel, 306-wire, 308-shoulder forging plane, 309-deposited layer; 701-limiting groove, 702-wire infeed channel, 703, 704-coolant circulation channel. Detailed Implementation

[0015] The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments. Example 1

[0016] This embodiment provides a particle-based friction stir deposition additive manufacturing apparatus, including a feeding mechanism, a stationary shoulder, and a stirring head. The feeding mechanism includes a servo electric pusher cylinder 1, a cylinder rear end stabilizer 2, a cylinder front end stabilizer 4, a push rod stabilizer 5, a push rod 302, a tapered plate 8, a flange ring 3, and a shoulder positioning bracket 6.

[0017] refer to Figure 1 This is an overall assembly drawing of a particle-based friction stir deposition additive manufacturing apparatus. The servo electric pusher cylinder 1 is used in conjunction with the rear end stabilizer 2, the front end stabilizer 4, and the push rod stabilizer 5. The upper end of the rear end stabilizer 2 is bolted to the fan-shaped flange of the tapered disk 8, and the side end is bolted to the middle of the servo electric pusher cylinder 1. The servo electric pusher cylinder 1 forms a 67.5° angle with the horizontal plane. The front end stabilizer 4 is divided into three sections. The upper section forms a 155° angle with the horizontal plane and fits tightly against the wall of the tapered disk 8. The middle section is inclined to reserve space for the lower section. The lower section forms a 67.5° angle with the horizontal plane and has a 90 mm wide and 3 mm deep groove on its front. The large flat surface on the left side of the push rod stabilizer 5 is embedded in this groove, thereby ensuring that the push rod guide section at the end of the push rod stabilizer 5 forms a 22.5° angle with the horizontal plane. The rear end stabilizer 2 and the front end stabilizer 4 of the cylinder together fix the servo electric thruster 1 at a 67.5° angle to the horizontal plane on the tapered plate 8.

[0018] The shoulder positioning bracket 6 is divided into three sections. The upper cubic structure is at 155° to the horizontal plane and fits tightly against the tapered plate wall. The middle cubic structure is not tilted and has a metal protrusion on it. This protrusion can be combined with the limiting groove 701 of the stationary shoulder skirt to ensure a tight fit between the stationary shoulder and the shoulder positioning bracket. The lower section is a structure with a U-shaped groove in the center, which is at an angle of 67.5° to the horizontal plane.

[0019] The push rod 302 is divided into two sections, with the rear section having threads, and is assembled at the end of the servo electric push cylinder 1. In particular, during assembly, it is necessary to ensure that the front section of the push rod 302 forms a clearance fit with the push rod guide section of the push rod stabilizing bracket 5, and at this time, the front section of the push rod can be smoothly fed into the feeding channel 305 of the stationary shoulder 7.

[0020] refer to Figure 4-5 The bottom of the stirring head 303 has a threaded conical structure with a taper angle of 20°-50°, approximately 6.7 mm in length and 7 mm in width, with a thread depth of 0.4 mm and a pitch of 0.1 mm. This structure is responsible for stirring and plasticizing the fed metal particles, depositing them onto the shoulder. Above the conical structure is a cylindrical section with a diameter of 8 mm and a length of 26 mm. The length of this cylindrical section is adjustable to ensure that the conical structure extends into the stationary shoulder 7 without interfering with the feeding channel 305. The length and taper of the remaining sections can be adjusted according to actual working conditions.

[0021] refer to Figure 6 The stationary shoulder is hollow inside, with the end of the cavity being a cylindrical cavity with a diameter of 8 mm and a height of 26 mm. The stirring head can extend into the internal cavity. After assembly, the conical section at the bottom of the stirring head should extend 0.5~4 mm beyond the stationary shoulder, and the cylindrical section of the stirring head should form a clearance fit with the cylindrical cavity. The shoulder has one wire inlet channel 702, one feeding channel 305, and two coolant circulation channels 703 and 704. The feeding channel 305 is located in the lower middle part of the shoulder, with its upper and lower surfaces being long planes and its left and right sides being cylindrical surfaces. The upper and lower planes form a 22.5° angle with the horizontal plane. The wire inlet channel 702 and the feeding channel 305 penetrate each other perpendicularly. The coolant circulation channels 703 and 704 are located in the upper middle part of the shoulder. The top of the stationary shoulder 7 has a frustum with a height of 8 mm. The frustum can form a tolerance fit with the straight cylindrical structure at the bottom of the tapered plate 8, increasing the overall rigidity and ensuring its stability during processing. The truncated cone has a skirt at the bottom, with bolt holes on the skirt, and a limit groove 701 is opened in the center of each section of the skirt.

[0022] After the filament 306 is fed in through the filament inlet channel 702, the servo electric pusher cylinder 1 drives the push rod 302 to extend into the feeding channel 305, cutting the filament and pushing the cut metal particles into the gap between the shoulder 7 and the stirring head 303. When the stirring head 303 rotates, it will stir the metal particles, causing them to heat up and plasticize. When feeding continues, the particles fed later will expel the previously fed, fully plasticized metal from the shoulder and form a deposition layer under the action of the stirring head. The diameter of the selected filament 306 must be smaller than the diameter of the filament inlet channel 702. The initial position of the push rod 302 is located outside the shoulder 7, and the feeding efficiency can be adjusted by the frequency of the push rod's back and forth movement.

[0023] like Figure 7 As shown, this embodiment also provides a method for manufacturing particulate-based triboelectric additive manufacturing, including the following steps: First, start the main shaft, which drives the stirring head 303 to start rotating; then feed the filament 306 into the filament feeding channel 702 of the stationary shoulder 7. In particular, if it is necessary to prepare a composite material containing reinforcing phase particles, the substrate and the reinforcing phase filament can be fed into the filament feeding channel 702 side by side. The spindle is lowered until the shoulder forging plane 308 at the bottom of the stationary shoulder 7 is pressed against the substrate 301. At this time, the stirring head 303 extends into the substrate 301. The push rod 302 is initially located outside the stationary shoulder 7. After the servo electric push cylinder 1 is activated, it drives the push rod 302 to extend into the feeding channel 305. During the process, the push rod 302 cuts the filament 306 and sends the cut metal particles along the feeding channel 305 to the gap between the shoulder 7 and the stirring head 303. The metal particles rub against the stirring head in the gap, generating a large amount of heat and promoting the gradual plasticization of the particles. Then the electric push cylinder 1 retracts, driving the push rod 302 back to the initial position. At this time, the next section of filament is fed in, and the process is repeated until the gap is completely filled with metal particles. The spindle is raised a certain distance, which is the thickness of the deposited layer 309. After the raising is completed, the device is preheated in place for a period of time. During the preheating process, the previously fed and fully plasticized filaments are removed. The metal material is squeezed into the gap between the shoulder forging plane 308 and the substrate 301 by the subsequently fed metal particles. Some of the plasticized metal material is stirred into the substrate 301 by the stirring head 303, and the two form a metallurgical bond. When the plasticized metal material completely fills the gap between the forging plane 308 and the substrate 301, the forging plane 308 will apply a forging force to the subsequently extruded material, constraining the excess metal to deposit downwards instead of forming flash. After preheating, the circulating water cooling is turned on. The external water pump fills the water cooling chamber 304 with coolant through the coolant circulation channels 703 and 704, and the spindle is controlled to start feeding simultaneously. During the feeding process, the push rod 302 continuously and stably feeds the wire 306 into the shoulder through the feeding channel 305. The plasticized metal material is continuously extruded and finally stably deposited on the substrate 309. After feeding, the previous deposited layer is regarded as the substrate. After lifting and slightly preheating, the next layer can be deposited. Example 2

[0024] This embodiment provides a method for manufacturing aluminum alloy AFSD parts, the method comprising: The cylindrical component is manufactured using 7075 aluminum alloy wire and H62 brass wire, both with a diameter of 1.6 mm. The component has an inner diameter of 200 mm and a height of 20 mm. The bottom 10 mm is made of aluminum and the top 10 mm is made of copper. The cleaned substrate is fixed on the worktable, and 7075 aluminum alloy wire is fed into the shoulder wire feeding channel. The stirring head rotation speed is set to 450 rpm, the feed speed to 45 mm / min, and the pusher wire feeding frequency to 1 time / second. The spindle is started and lowered until the shoulder forging plane is close to the substrate. The external electric pusher cylinder is activated, and the pusher begins to cut and feed the metal material. Because the gap between the shoulder and the stirring head needs a certain amount of time to be filled, it is necessary to wait 5 seconds. During the waiting period, the metal particles are squeezed against each other and generate heat through friction with the stirring head, gradually transitioning to a thermoplastic state. After 5 seconds, the spindle rises at a speed of 0.5 mm / s and a distance of 2 mm. During the rise, the thermoplastic metal material is continuously extruded and continuously combines with the previous material under the stirring and shearing action of the stirring head to form an initial deposition layer. After lifting, it is preheated in place for 5 seconds. During this process, thermoplastic raw materials continuously overflow, but are confined by the forging plane. The overflowing raw materials and the forging plane together apply a certain forging force to the initial deposition layer, ensuring a stable bond between the initial deposition layer and the substrate. After preheating, the spindle begins feeding at a speed of 45 mm / min, while simultaneously activating circulating water cooling to lower the equipment temperature. During feeding, the subsequently fed, unplasticized metal particles continuously and uniformly squeeze the fully plasticized metal raw materials inside the shoulder into the gap between the shoulder and the substrate, forming the subsequent deposition layer. After the spindle completes one revolution, it rises directly without waiting, maintaining the same rising speed and distance, and then repeats the previous steps. After repeating 5 times, H62 brass wire is fed into the wire feeding channel of the shoulder. The stirring head rotation speed is set to 300 rpm, the feed speed to 55 mm / min, and the pusher wire feeding frequency to 1.5 times / second, with the remaining steps unchanged for additive manufacturing. After additive manufacturing is complete, the cylindrical part is cut from the substrate using wire cutting, removing excess material centered on the aluminum-copper boundary line.

[0025] It should be understood that those skilled in the art can make improvements or modifications based on the above description, and all such improvements and modifications should fall within the protection scope of the appended claims.

Claims

1. An apparatus for manufacturing graded functional materials using particle-based triboelectric stirring deposition additive manufacturing, characterized in that, The device includes a feeding mechanism, a stationary shoulder, and a stirring head. The feeding mechanism includes a servo electric cylinder (1) and a push rod (302). The shoulder is provided with a wire inlet channel (702), a feeding channel (305), and a coolant circulation channel. The feeding channel (305) is located in the lower middle part of the shoulder, and the wire inlet channel (702) and the feeding channel (305) penetrate each other perpendicularly. The coolant circulation channel is located in the upper middle part of the shoulder. The stirring head (303) has a threaded conical structure at its bottom. This conical structure stirs and plasticizes the fed metal particles, which are then deposited onto the shoulder. The device can be made of two or more different materials. After the filament (306) is fed in through the filament feeding channel (702), the servo electric push cylinder (1) drives the push rod (302) to extend into the feeding channel (305), cuts the filament, and pushes the cut metal particles into the gap between the shoulder (7) and the stirring head (303). When the stirring head (303) rotates, it will stir the metal particles, causing them to heat up and plasticize. When feeding continues, the particles fed in later will squeeze the previously fed, fully plasticized metal out of the shoulder and form a deposition layer under the drive of the stirring head. The quantity and material of filaments (306) of different materials can be switched in real time.

2. The apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that, The feeding mechanism also includes a cylinder rear end stabilizer (2), a cylinder front end stabilizer (4), a push rod stabilizer (5), a tapered plate (8), a flange ring (3), and a shoulder positioning bracket (6); the upper end of the cylinder rear end stabilizer (2) is bolted to the fan-shaped flange of the tapered plate (8), and the side end is bolted to the middle of the servo electric push cylinder (1), which is at a 67.5° angle to the horizontal plane; the cylinder front end stabilizer (4) is divided into three sections, the upper section is at a 155° angle to the horizontal plane and is tightly fitted to the wall of the tapered plate (8), the middle section is inclined to reserve space for the lower section, and the lower section is at a 67.5° angle to the horizontal plane, with a 90 mm wide and 3 mm high opening on the front. A groove with a depth of mm; the large flat surface on the left side of the push rod stabilizing bracket (5) is embedded in the groove to ensure that the push rod guide section at the end of the push rod stabilizing bracket is at 22.5° with the horizontal plane; the cylinder rear end stabilizing bracket (2) and the cylinder front end stabilizing bracket (4) together fix the servo electric push cylinder (1) at an angle of 67.5° with the horizontal plane on the tapered plate (8).

3. The apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that, The push rod (302) is divided into two sections, with the rear section having threads, and is assembled at the end of the servo electric push cylinder (1). During assembly, it is necessary to ensure that the front section of the push rod (302) forms a clearance fit with the push rod guide section of the push rod stabilizing bracket (5), and at this time, the front section of the push rod can be smoothly fed into the feeding channel (305) of the stationary shoulder (7).

4. The apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that, The stationary shoulder has a hollow cavity inside, with a cylindrical cavity at the end. The stirring head can extend into the inner cavity. After assembly, the conical section at the bottom of the stirring head should extend 0.5~4 mm beyond the stationary shoulder, and the cylindrical section of the stirring head should form a clearance fit with the cylindrical cavity.

5. The apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that, The diameter of the selected wire (306) must be smaller than the diameter of the wire feeding channel (702). The initial position of the push rod (302) is located outside the shoulder (7). The feeding efficiency can be adjusted by the frequency of the push rod's back and forth movement.

6. A particulate-based triboelectric stirring deposition additive manufacturing method based on the apparatus of any one of claims 1-5, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1, Start the main shaft, the main shaft drives the stirring head to start rotating at a certain angular velocity; S2, Select the appropriate metal wire as the base material according to the material of the part to be prepared, and feed the wire into the wire feeding channel; S3, the spindle descends until the forging plane at the bottom of the shoulder is in close contact with the substrate surface, at which point the stirring head extends slightly into the substrate; S4, start the servo electric pusher cylinder. The electric pusher cylinder drives the push rod to reciprocate. When it extends into the feeding channel, the push rod cuts the filament and pushes the cut particles into the hollow space inside the shoulder. Then the push rod retracts to the outside of the feeding channel. At this time, the next section of filament is fed in. Then the process is repeated to achieve continuous and stable feeding until the shoulder cavity is filled with granular raw materials. S5, the main shaft rises, and the distance the main shaft rises at this time is the thickness of the deposition layer; S6, preheating in place. At this time, the metal particles fed into the shoulder in the early stage gradually plasticize after friction with the stirring head. The unplasticized metal particles fed in later will squeeze the plasticized metal out of the bottom of the shoulder. The stirring head will stir some of the plasticized metal into the substrate. The two form a solid metallurgical bond. At the same time, the forging plane at the bottom of the shoulder will apply a certain forging force to the extruded material to assist in forming. S7, turn on circulating water cooling, spindle feed, during the feeding process, the continuously fed metal particles squeeze out the plasticized metal inside the shoulder in the gap between the shoulder and the substrate, and finally achieve stable deposition on the substrate. S8. Treating the previous deposition layer as a substrate, repeat the above process to deposit the next deposition layer, starting from the first layer and depositing layer by layer from bottom to top until the last layer is deposited.

7. The manufacturing method according to claim 6, characterized in that, The type of wire is aluminum alloy or magnesium alloy.

8. The manufacturing method according to claim 6, characterized in that, The diameter of the wire is 0.4mm-2.5mm.

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