Substrate structure, gain adjustment module and communication equipment

Abstract

The invention provides a substrate structure, a gain adjustment module and a communication device, the substrate structure is applied to the communication device, the substrate structure comprises a carrier and a gain adjustment unit arranged on a preset surface of the carrier, and the preset surface is arranged towards an antenna radiation unit in the communication device; wherein the carrier is made of an insulating material with the dielectric constant smaller than a first preset value, and the gain adjusting unit is made of a metal material with the conductivity larger than a second preset value. According to the antenna, the purpose of high gain of the antenna is achieved through a low-cost simple structure, and the overall product performance is effectively improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This disclosure relates to the field of communication equipment technology, and in particular to a substrate structure, a gain adjustment module, and a communication device. Background Technology

[0002] Antenna gain is used to measure the ability of an antenna to transmit and receive signals in a specific direction. A communication network or system composed of high-gain omnidirectional antennas can improve the signal coverage and capacity of the communication network or system, thereby giving users a better user experience.

[0003] Currently, the common methods to improve antenna gain are MIMO (Multiple-Input Multiple-Output) and Massive MIMO (Very Large Scale Antenna). However, MIMO and Massive MIMO methods require an increase in the number of antenna radiating elements, which increases the overall cost and size of the antenna, thus limiting its use in some fields where size is a critical factor. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The technical problem to be solved by this disclosure is to overcome the above-mentioned defects in the prior art, and the purpose is to provide a substrate structure, a gain adjustment module and a communication device.

[0005] This disclosure solves the above-mentioned technical problems through the following technical solution:

[0006] This disclosure provides a substrate structure applied in a communication device. The substrate structure includes a carrier and a gain adjustment unit disposed on a preset surface of the carrier, the preset surface being disposed toward an antenna radiation unit in the communication device.

[0007] The carrier includes an insulator, and the gain adjustment unit includes a conductor.

[0008] Preferably, the direction of the electric field formed in the gain adjustment unit is parallel to the direction of the electric field of the electromagnetic wave in the preset direction;

[0009] The gain adjustment unit includes several metal wires arranged in a preset manner.

[0010] Preferably, the metal wire comprises a regular-shaped or irregular-shaped metal wire.

[0011] Preferably, the regular shapes include rectangles, squares, triangles, circles, ellipses, rhombuses, polygons, and intersecting shapes;

[0012] The irregular shape includes any irregular shape other than the regular shape.

[0013] Preferably, the gain adjustment unit includes a plurality of metal wires arranged in parallel and spaced apart along a first preset direction and arranged in spaced apart along a second preset direction.

[0014] Preferably, the metal wires in the first preset direction are evenly spaced based on a first preset spacing;

[0015] And / or, the metal wires in the second preset direction are spaced equally between each other based on a second preset spacing.

[0016] Preferably, when the gain adjustment unit is a rectangular structure, the first preset direction is the length direction;

[0017] The spacing range corresponding to the first preset spacing is 0.003mm-5mm;

[0018] And / or, the spacing range corresponding to the second preset spacing is 0.003mm-5mm;

[0019] And / or, the widths of the different metal wires are all the same;

[0020] And / or, all of the different metal wires are made of the same material.

[0021] Preferably, the gain adjustment unit is disposed concurrently with the carrier, or the gain adjustment unit is disposed in a local area of ​​the carrier;

[0022] And / or,

[0023] The carrier includes a flat plate structure, and the preset surface is one side of the flat plate structure.

[0024] Preferably, the material of the metal wire includes at least one of copper, silver paste, tin, or conductive ink;

[0025] And / or, the material of the carrier includes at least one of PI (polyimide), PET (polyethylene terephthalate), FR4 (glass fiber epoxy resin material) or resin.

[0026] Preferably, the gain adjustment unit is disposed on the carrier using any one of the following methods: copper clad laminate etching, additive method, metal pad printing, metal inkjet printing, metal printing, conductive ink printing, in-mold injection molding, and vacuum plating.

[0027] This disclosure also provides a gain adjustment module, which includes at least one substrate structure as described above, and a fixing structure for fixing the substrate structure.

[0028] This disclosure also provides a communication device, which includes the above-described gain adjustment module.

[0029] Based on common knowledge in the field, the preferred conditions described can be combined arbitrarily to obtain the preferred embodiments of this disclosure.

[0030] The positive and progressive effects of this disclosure are as follows:

[0031] In this disclosure, by cleverly designing the substrate structure, the substrate structure becomes polarized under the influence of an external electromagnetic field, and the electromagnetic wave forms an enhanced electric field in the direction of propagation, thereby improving the gain in that direction. In this way, there is no need to add an antenna radiating element in the communication equipment, which reduces the investment cost and does not change the original size of the communication equipment, ensuring the applicable scenarios of the communication equipment. In addition, the substrate structure also has the advantages of low cost, simple structure, easy manufacturing, and easy installation. That is, the purpose of high antenna gain is achieved through a low-cost and simple structure, which effectively improves the overall product performance of the communication equipment. Attached Figure Description

[0032] Figure 1 This is a first structural schematic diagram of the substrate structure according to Embodiment 1 of this disclosure;

[0033] Figure 2 This is a second structural schematic diagram of the substrate structure of Embodiment 1 of this disclosure;

[0034] Figure 3 This is a partially enlarged schematic diagram of the substrate structure of Embodiment 2 of this disclosure;

[0035] Figure 4 This is a partially enlarged schematic diagram of the cross-shaped metal wires on the substrate structure of Embodiment 2 of this disclosure;

[0036] Figure 5 This is a partially enlarged schematic diagram of the “×” shaped metal wire on the substrate structure of Embodiment 2 of this disclosure;

[0037] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the gain adjustment module of Embodiment 3 of this disclosure;

[0038] Figure 7 This is a first structural schematic diagram of the gain adjustment module of Embodiment 3 of this disclosure;

[0039] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the second structure of the gain adjustment module according to Embodiment 3 of this disclosure;

[0040] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the third structure of the gain adjustment module according to Embodiment 3 of this disclosure;

[0041] Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the fourth structure of the gain adjustment module in Embodiment 3 of this disclosure;

[0042] Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram of the fixing structure of Embodiment 3 of this disclosure;

[0043] Figure 12 This is a schematic diagram of the communication device according to Embodiment 4 of this disclosure;

[0044] Figure 13 This is a first schematic diagram showing the relative arrangement of the antenna and substrate structure in Embodiment 4 of this disclosure;

[0045] Figure 14 This is a second schematic diagram showing the relative arrangement of the antenna and substrate structure in Embodiment 4 of this disclosure;

[0046] Figure 15 This is a third schematic diagram showing the relative arrangement of the antenna and substrate structure in Embodiment 3 of this disclosure;

[0047] Figure 16 for Figure 15 A schematic diagram of the electric and magnetic field directions on the substrate structure. Detailed Implementation

[0048] The present disclosure is further illustrated below by way of embodiments, but the present disclosure is not limited to the scope of the embodiments described herein.

[0049] Example 1

[0050] The substrate structure 1 in this embodiment is used in communication equipment, such as... Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, the substrate structure 1 includes a carrier 2 and a gain adjustment unit 3 disposed on a preset surface of the carrier 2, the preset surface being disposed facing the antenna radiation unit in the communication device.

[0051] Specifically, the gain adjustment unit 3 is an entire array structure, and the gain adjustment unit 3 is laid on the carrier 2. The carrier 2 is used to support, fix and hold the gain adjustment unit 3.

[0052] The shape, size, and thickness of the carrier 2 can be designed or adjusted according to the needs of the actual scenario, without specific limitations, as long as it can be used in the specific scenario. In addition, a gain adjustment unit 3 is provided on one or more preset surfaces of the carrier 2; preferably, it is sufficient to provide a gain adjustment unit 3 on one preset surface of the carrier 2, which is enough to meet the needs of the actual scenario, thereby achieving the effect of reasonable design and reducing investment costs.

[0053] The carrier includes an insulator, and the gain adjustment unit includes a conductor. Specifically, the carrier 2 is made of an insulating material with a dielectric constant less than a first preset value, and the gain adjustment unit 3 is made of a metallic material with a conductivity greater than a second preset value.

[0054] The carrier 2 is made of insulating materials with low dielectric constant (such as dielectric constant less than 15) such as PI, PET, FR4 or resin. Of course, the carrier 2 can also be made of a variety of insulating materials. The gain adjustment unit 3 is made of highly conductive materials such as copper, silver paste, tin or conductive ink. Of course, the gain adjustment unit 3 can also be made of a variety of highly conductive materials.

[0055] It should be noted that the substrate structure 1 can also be directly fabricated on the housing of the communication device, that is, the housing is used as the carrier 2. The specific method can be designed or adjusted according to actual needs.

[0056] In this disclosure, by cleverly designing the substrate structure, the substrate structure becomes polarized under the influence of an external electromagnetic field, and the electromagnetic wave forms an enhanced electric field in the direction of propagation, thereby improving the gain in that direction. In this way, there is no need to add an antenna radiating element in the communication equipment, which reduces the investment cost and does not change the original size of the communication equipment, ensuring the applicable scenarios of the communication equipment. In addition, the substrate structure also has the advantages of low cost, simple structure, easy manufacturing, and easy installation. That is, the purpose of high antenna gain is achieved through a low-cost and simple structure, which effectively improves the overall product performance of the communication equipment.

[0057] Example 2

[0058] The substrate structure 1 in this embodiment is an improvement on embodiment 1, specifically:

[0059] In one feasible scheme, the direction of the electric field formed in the gain adjustment unit 3 is parallel to the direction of the electric field of the electromagnetic wave in the preset direction;

[0060] The gain adjustment unit 3 includes several metal wires 4 arranged in a preset manner. Different shapes of gain adjustment units 3 can be set, as long as they can achieve the desired high gain effect.

[0061] In one feasible embodiment, the metal wire 4 comprises a regular-shaped or irregular-shaped metal wire.

[0062] Specifically, regular shapes include rectangles and squares (see...). Figure 3 Square shape, in which, Figure 3 (E represents the direction of the electric field), triangles, circles, ellipses, rhombuses, polygons, and intersecting shapes (such as a cross shape, see below). Figure 4 The shape of the "×" is shown in the image. Figure 5, etc. in the shape of a "hui" character; where Ex and Ey are the directions of the electric field.

[0063] The irregular shape includes any other irregular shape except the regular shape; for example, there is a circle along a preset direction, etc.

[0064] In an implementable solution, such as Figure 2 and 3 As shown, the gain adjustment unit 3 includes a plurality of metal wires arranged in parallel and spaced apart in sequence along the first preset direction and spaced apart in sequence along the second preset direction. For example, the gain adjustment unit 3 is composed of a plurality of rectangular metal wires set with a certain length, a certain width, and a certain distance.

[0065] Specifically, the setting density of each metal wire 4 in the first preset direction and the second preset direction can be designed or adjusted according to actual needs.

[0066] Among them, the overall external dimension of the substrate structure 1 can be determined according to factors such as the external dimension of the communication device and the distance from the communication device, and the design of the plurality of metal wires 4 can also be adaptively designed along with the overall external dimension of the substrate structure.

[0067] In the present disclosure, by arranging a plurality of metal wires arranged in parallel and spaced apart in sequence along the first preset direction and spaced apart in sequence along the second preset direction, a planar structure is formed, and the electric field direction formed by this planar structure is parallel to the electric field direction of the electromagnetic wave in the preset direction. In this way, it is realized that the substrate structure 1 can be polarized under the influence of an externally applied electromagnetic field, and the electromagnetic wave forms an enhanced electric field in the propagation direction, so as to achieve the effect of increasing the gain in this direction.

[0068] In an implementable solution, such as Figure 2 and 3 As shown, the metal wires 4 in the first preset direction are arranged at equal intervals based on the first preset spacing;

[0069] The metal wires 4 in the second preset direction are arranged at equal intervals based on the second preset spacing.

[0070] In the present disclosure, the metal wire strips in the preset direction are designed at equal intervals according to the set spacing, which simplifies the operation of manufacturing the metal wire array, and the structure of the obtained gain adjustment unit is simple, and the structure is regular and orderly, ensuring the aesthetics of the structure.

[0071] In an implementable solution, such as Figure 2 and 3 As shown, when the gain adjustment unit 3 is a rectangular structure, the first preset direction is the length direction, and the second preset direction is the width direction;

[0072] The first preset spacing corresponds to a spacing range of 0.003mm-5mm; for example, the first preset spacing can be set to 3mm.

[0073] The second preset spacing corresponds to a spacing range of 0.003mm-5mm; for example, the second preset spacing can be set to 0.3mm.

[0074] In this disclosure, for the gain adjustment unit with a rectangular structure, the specific spacing range of the metal wires in the length and width directions is clearly constrained. Within this constraint range, it can be ensured that the direction of the formed electric field is parallel to the electric field direction of the electromagnetic wave in the preset direction, so as to more effectively form an enhanced electric field and achieve a high gain effect on the electromagnetic wave in the set direction.

[0075] Furthermore, by further constraining the specific spacing of the gain adjustment units in the length and width directions of the rectangular structure, it can be further ensured that the direction of the formed electric field is parallel to the direction of the electric field of the electromagnetic wave in the preset direction, which can more effectively form an enhanced electric field to achieve a high gain effect on the electromagnetic wave in the set direction.

[0076] In one feasible solution, the widths of the different metal wires 4 are all the same;

[0077] The width range is 0.003mm-5mm; for example, the width can be set to 0.3mm.

[0078] In one feasible solution, the different metal wires 4 are made of the same material; of course, the different metal wires 4 can also be made of different materials.

[0079] Of course, the width and material of each metal wire 4 can be set separately according to actual needs to achieve flexible design.

[0080] By using the same materials and spacing for different metal wires, a consistent manufacturing process can be maintained, thereby effectively saving production costs.

[0081] In this disclosure, for the gain adjustment unit, the width range of the metal wires in the length and width directions is clearly constrained. Within this constraint range, it can be ensured that the direction of the formed electric field is parallel to the electric field direction of the electromagnetic wave in the preset direction, which can more effectively form an enhanced electric field to achieve a high gain effect on the electromagnetic wave in the set direction. In addition, constraining the width of the metal wires in the length and width directions to be the same also makes the structure regular and orderly to a certain extent, ensuring the aesthetics of the structure.

[0082] In one feasible solution, the gain adjustment unit 3 is arranged to coincide with the carrier 2, such as... Figure 1-3As shown, both the gain adjustment unit 3 and the carrier 2 are rectangular structures and are arranged overlappingly; or the gain adjustment unit 3 is arranged in a local area of ​​the carrier 2.

[0083] Specifically, the shape and size of the gain adjustment unit 3 are generally designed according to the shape and size of the carrier 2. For example, if the carrier 2 is a rectangular structure of size A, then the gain adjustment unit 3 is also a rectangular structure of size A. Or if the carrier 2 is a triangular structure of size B, then the gain adjustment unit 3 is also a triangular structure of size B, so as to just cover one side of the carrier 2. The gain adjustment unit 3 can also be slightly smaller than the carrier 2.

[0084] Of course, the shape of the carrier 2 and the shape of the gain adjustment unit 3 can be different. For example, the carrier 2 is a rectangular structure of size A, while the gain adjustment unit 3 is a triangular structure.

[0085] In this disclosure, the gain adjustment unit is not limited to a specific shape, but can be flexibly designed and can be any shape that can meet the usage requirements to satisfy the usage needs of different practical scenarios.

[0086] In one feasible embodiment, carrier 2 includes a flat plate structure, with the preset surface being one side of the flat plate structure, as detailed below. Figure 2 .

[0087] In this disclosure, the carrier is a flat plate structure, and the preset surface is one side of the flat plate structure. At this time, the gain adjustment unit is also a flat plate structure laid on the flat plate structure, which makes the structure simple, occupies little space and is aesthetically pleasing.

[0088] In one feasible solution, the gain adjustment unit 3 is mounted on the carrier 2 using methods such as copper clad laminate etching (FPC or PCB manufacturing process; where FPC or PCB are both process technologies), addition method, metal pad printing (e.g., if the metal is silver, silver paste is transferred onto the plastic shell or other insulating material), metal spraying (e.g., if the metal is silver), metal printing (e.g., if the metal is silver), conductive ink printing, in-mold injection molding, vacuum plating, etc.

[0089] In this disclosure, the gain adjustment unit is integrated into the carrier using the above-described process, ensuring the stability, reliability, and aesthetics of the structure.

[0090] Example 3

[0091] like Figure 6 As shown, the gain adjustment module 5 of this disclosure includes at least one substrate structure 1 as described in the above embodiments, and a fixing structure 6 for fixing the substrate structure 1.

[0092] Specifically, the gain adjustment module 5 is located in the communication equipment (i.e., the antenna equipment). The gain adjustment module 5 can be located around the antenna radiating element in the communication equipment, or it can be placed between two antenna radiating elements (i.e., two antenna radiating elements share one gain adjustment module 5).

[0093] The specific distance between the gain adjustment module and the antenna radiating element in the communication equipment can be set or adjusted according to actual conditions. Preferably, the sum of the overall thickness of the gain adjustment module 5 and its distance from the antenna radiating element needs to be less than or equal to a preset range (such as a range determined based on one-quarter of the wavelength of the electromagnetic wave, which can be slightly greater than or slightly less than one-quarter of the wavelength of the electromagnetic wave). That is, the gain adjustment module 5 needs to be set within a certain position range to ensure the gain effect of the antenna.

[0094] The substrate structure 1 will be set with different shapes according to different frequency bands of the communication equipment. The number and relative distance of the substrate structures 1 set in the gain adjustment module 5 will also have different combinations according to the frequency band and form of the communication equipment. The specific settings and combinations can be determined according to actual needs, and will not be elaborated here.

[0095] The shape and size of the substrate structure 1 are matched and set based on the shape and size of the antenna radiating element; preferably, the shape and size of the substrate structure 1 are close to (equal to or slightly larger than) the shape and size of the antenna radiating element.

[0096] In addition, the fixing structure 6 can be set according to actual needs, as long as it can fix the corresponding substrate structure.

[0097] For example, such as Figure 7 As shown, the fixing structure 6 may include at least one fixing component, each fixing component corresponding to fixing one substrate structure, and ensuring that these different substrate structures are set in parallel and / or at equal intervals;

[0098] like Figure 8 As shown, the fixing structure 6 includes a first outer shell a and a second outer shell b. Figure 8 With the first outer shell a and the second outer shell b in the open state, three substrate structures 11, 12, and 13 are provided between the fixing structures. Substrate structures 11 and 12 are fixed to the inner surfaces of the first outer shell a and the second outer shell b (e.g., using double-sided adhesive). Figure 9 As shown, this illustrates the structural state after the first outer shell a and the second outer shell b are closed. At this point, the closed portion of the first outer shell a and the second outer shell b presses against the substrate structure 13, thus fixing the substrate structure 13. Figure 10As shown, this is another integral shape structure after the first outer shell a and the second outer shell b are closed; wherein, both the first outer shell a and the second outer shell b are made of plastic.

[0099] For example, such as Figure 11 As shown, the fixing structure 6 can also be a columnar hollow structure. Several sets of parallel groove structures c are provided on the inner sidewall of the hollow structure. By inserting these substrate structures into these groove structures respectively, the effect of being arranged in parallel and equidistantly along the same direction can be achieved.

[0100] Of course, the fixing structure 6 is not limited to the above-listed methods, and can be any structure, as long as it can provide a good fixing effect on the substrate structure, which will not be elaborated here.

[0101] In this solution, the gain adjustment module, by setting the aforementioned substrate structure, ensures that once powered on, each upper substrate structure is polarized under the influence of an external electromagnetic field. This generates an enhanced electric field in the direction of electromagnetic wave propagation, thereby increasing the gain in that direction. This method eliminates the need to add antenna radiating elements to the communication equipment, thus reducing investment costs. Furthermore, it does not alter the original size of the communication equipment, ensuring its applicability across various scenarios. In other words, it achieves high antenna gain through a low-cost, simple structure, effectively improving the overall product performance of the communication equipment.

[0102] Example 4

[0103] like Figure 12 As shown, the communication device 7 in this embodiment includes the gain adjustment module 5 in the above embodiments. The communication device includes antenna devices, etc.

[0104] like Figure 13 As shown, each substrate structure of the gain adjustment module uses regularly shaped metal wires (such as...). Figure 2-5 Each substrate structure is arranged in the direction shown in the figure. Preferably, each substrate structure is equidistant in the same direction. Of course, there can also be a certain distance offset, so that the direction of the electric field formed is parallel to the direction of the electric field of the electromagnetic wave in the preset direction, thereby improving the antenna gain.

[0105] like Figure 14 and Figure 15 As shown, each substrate structure of the gain adjustment module uses regularly shaped or irregularly shaped metal wires (such as...). Figure 14 The irregular shapes in Figure 15 The substrate is a regular square shape (but it can also be any other feasible structure, which will not be elaborated here). Each substrate structure is set in the direction shown in the figure. Preferably, each substrate structure is equidistant in the same direction, but there can also be a certain distance offset.

[0106] by Figure 15 Taking the substrate structure shown as an example, the principle of its gain improvement is explained:

[0107] for Figure 15 For each square in the combination Figure 16 d1 is the electric field direction corresponding to the electromagnetic wave in the preset direction. This direction is parallel to the side of the square. The square metal structure can enhance the electric field in this direction. d2 is the magnetic field direction of the electromagnetic wave passing through the square in the preset direction. The square metal structure can enhance the magnetic field in this direction. That is, the substrate structure achieves a projection that is parallel to the incoming wave electric field in a certain direction and perpendicular to the incoming wave magnetic field in another direction. This allows the antenna gain to be improved by cutting through the metal structure on the substrate structure with magnetic flux.

[0108] Specifically, the communication device 7 may include one or more gain adjustment modules 5, which can be configured according to the antenna radiating element. The gain adjustment module 5 may be specifically designed according to the standardized installation interface of different communication devices 7 to achieve a good adaptation effect and realize a higher gain.

[0109] In addition, the placement, quantity, and distance of the gain adjustment module 5 from the antenna radiating element in the communication device 7 can be determined based on the frequency band of the communication device 7, simulation, actual testing, etc., thereby changing the antenna pattern and achieving a better gain improvement effect.

[0110] The following table illustrates this (Gain represents gain, Freq represents frequency):

[0111] Before adding gain adjustment module After adding a gain adjustment module Gain increase value Freq(MHz) Gain(dBi) Gain(dBi) Gain(dBi) 5200 5.05 7.99 2.94 5300 5.41 8.32 2.91 5400 6.18 8.89 2.71 5500 6.28 9.04 2.76 5600 6.23 9.37 3.14 5700 6.53 9.75 3.22 5800 5.81 9.14 3.33

[0112] Referring to the table above, which shows the gain test data before and after adding the gain adjustment module, it can be seen that the gain increase varies slightly at different frequencies, and the gain increase is above 2dBi across the entire frequency band. This means that the antenna gain can be effectively improved to a certain extent with lower cost and a simpler structure.

[0113] It should be noted that, depending on the internal structure of the communication equipment, each substrate structure in the circuit board structure can be installed separately in the communication equipment, relying on the structure of the communication equipment to act as a fixed steel structure to achieve the effect of fixation.

[0114] In this solution, the communication device is equipped with the aforementioned gain adjustment module. Once powered on, each upper substrate structure is polarized under the influence of an external electromagnetic field, and the electromagnetic wave forms an enhanced electric field in the direction of propagation, thereby increasing the gain in that direction. For example, the gain of a single antenna can be increased by more than 2 dBi. This method eliminates the need to add antenna radiating elements to the communication device, thus reducing investment costs. It also does not change the original size of the communication device, ensuring the applicability of the communication device. In other words, it achieves high antenna gain through a low-cost and simple structure, effectively improving the overall product performance of the communication device.

[0115] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of this disclosure clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of this disclosure will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of this disclosure, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of this disclosure, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this disclosure.

Claims

1. A substrate structure, characterized in that, The substrate structure is used in a communication device. The substrate structure includes a carrier and a gain adjustment unit disposed on a preset surface of the carrier. The preset surface is disposed facing the antenna radiation unit in the communication device. The carrier includes an insulator, and the gain adjustment unit includes a conductor.

2. The substrate structure as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The direction of the electric field generated in the gain adjustment unit is parallel to the direction of the electric field of the electromagnetic wave in the preset direction. The gain adjustment unit includes several metal wires arranged in a preset manner.

3. The substrate structure as described in claim 2, characterized in that, The metal wires include metal wires with regular or irregular shapes.

4. The substrate structure as described in claim 3, characterized in that, The regular shapes include rectangles, squares, triangles, circles, ellipses, rhombuses, polygons, and intersections; The irregular shape includes any irregular shape other than the regular shape.

5. The substrate structure as described in any one of claims 2-4, characterized in that, The gain adjustment unit includes a plurality of metal wires arranged in parallel and spaced intervals along a first preset direction and arranged in spaced intervals along a second preset direction.

6. The substrate structure as described in claim 5, characterized in that, The metal wires in the first preset direction are equally spaced based on a first preset spacing. And / or, the metal wires in the second preset direction are spaced equally between each other based on a second preset spacing.

7. The substrate structure as described in claim 6, characterized in that, When the gain adjustment unit is a rectangular structure, the first preset direction is the length direction; The spacing range corresponding to the first preset spacing is 0.003mm-5mm; And / or, the spacing range corresponding to the second preset spacing is 0.003mm-5mm; And / or, the widths of the different metal wires are all the same; And / or, all of the different metal wires are made of the same material.

8. The substrate structure as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The gain adjustment unit is disposed concurrently with the carrier, or the gain adjustment unit is disposed in a local area of ​​the carrier; And / or, The carrier includes a flat plate structure, and the preset surface is one side of the flat plate structure.

9. The substrate structure as described in claim 2, characterized in that, The material of the metal wire includes at least one of copper, silver paste, tin, or conductive ink; And / or, the material of the carrier includes at least one of PI, PET, FR4 or resin.

10. The substrate structure as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The gain adjustment unit is disposed on the carrier using any one of the following methods: copper clad laminate etching, additive method, metal pad printing, metal inkjet printing, metal printing, conductive ink printing, in-mold injection molding, and vacuum plating.

11. A gain adjustment module, characterized in that, The gain adjustment module includes at least one substrate structure as described in any one of claims 1-10, and a fixing structure for fixing the substrate structure.

12. A communication device, characterized in that, The communication device includes the gain adjustment module as described in claim 11.

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