Project supervision transparency platform based on block chain

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of engineering construction informatization and data security, and provides an engineering supervision transparency platform based on a block chain, the platform adopts a three-layer collaborative architecture of terminal acquisition, edge processing and on-chain consensus: field data and space-time and identity information are bound in a hardware security area through a special intelligent terminal; a local server is used for data buffering and distributed storage; the data fingerprints are stored without being tampered based on the alliance block chain network and the smart contract, and a multi-party verification process is automatically executed. According to the method, the whole process of supervision data from the source to the evidence storage is credible, the authenticity and integrity of the data are guaranteed, the collaboration efficiency is improved, offline synchronization and visual tracing are supported, and transparent and reliable technical support is provided for project quality management.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of information technology and data security in engineering construction, specifically a blockchain-based transparent engineering supervision platform. Background Technology

[0002] In traditional engineering supervision, data (such as images and documents) generated during on-site acceptance and inspections largely rely on manual recording and reporting. This presents problems such as data being easily tampered with and falsified, difficulty in reliably verifying time and geographical location information, cumbersome and inefficient multi-party collaborative confirmation processes, and difficulty in linking massive amounts of data with building models for traceability. This results in a lack of reliable guarantees regarding the authenticity, completeness, and timeliness of supervision data. In the event of quality disputes or when audits are required, it is often difficult to provide a legally valid and credible chain of evidence, hindering transparent and reliable management throughout the entire project process.

[0003] Therefore, a blockchain-based transparent engineering supervision platform is proposed, which constructs a three-layer collaborative technical architecture of "terminal data acquisition—edge processing—on-chain consensus". At the terminal layer, dedicated equipment integrating multiple sensors and hardware security zones enables the original binding and encryption of on-site data with time, space, and operator identity. At the edge layer, local server clusters are used for efficient processing and distributed storage. At the on-chain consensus layer, a permissioned consortium blockchain network and smart contracts are used to immutably store data fingerprints and automatically execute preset multi-party collaborative verification processes. In addition, the platform expands the offline environmental data synchronization mechanism and the visualization and traceability function integrated with building information modeling. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To address the problems of data tampering, low efficiency of multi-party collaboration, and difficulty in process traceability in traditional engineering supervision, this invention provides a blockchain-based transparent engineering supervision platform.

[0005] To achieve the above-mentioned objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a blockchain-based transparent engineering supervision platform, comprising a field trusted acquisition layer, a local processing and buffering layer, and a distributed consensus and evidence storage layer connected in sequence.

[0006] Furthermore, the on-site trusted acquisition layer includes a dedicated mobile smart terminal deployed at the engineering site, used to collect on-site image data, and natively bind it with time and space device and operator identity metadata within the hardware security area to form and encrypt the original data packet, while generating corresponding data fingerprints and electronic signatures.

[0007] Furthermore, the local processing and buffering layer includes a local server located in the project department, used to receive and store the encrypted raw data packets and generate their corresponding unique file content identifiers.

[0008] Furthermore, the distributed consensus evidence storage layer includes a permissioned consortium blockchain network jointly maintained by all parties involved in the project construction. Smart contracts are deployed on the blockchain network to receive and verify lightweight evidence storage data packets containing the data fingerprint and file content identifier, permanently record their key information in the distributed ledger, and automatically trigger and execute a multi-party collaborative verification process according to preset rules.

[0009] Furthermore, the dedicated mobile intelligent terminal includes: a mobile system chip integrating a hardware security area; a multi-source fusion sensing module, including a Beidou positioning module, a GPS positioning module, a secure clock chip synchronized with a national standard time source, an inertial measurement unit, a high-definition camera, and a fingerprint reader and a face recognition camera for operator identity biometric verification; and customized trusted application software, whose core security module runs in the hardware security area as a trusted application, used to control the multi-source fusion sensing module to synchronously collect data after the operator's identity verification is passed, and to complete data binding, encryption, data fingerprint generation, and electronic signature operations within the security area.

[0010] Furthermore, the local server includes: a local business and collaboration server, used to provide project management microservices and offline business support; and a distributed file storage access point, which serves as a node in the InterPlanetary File System private cluster, used to store the encrypted raw data packets and generate the unique file content identifier.

[0011] Furthermore, the smart contracts deployed on the consortium blockchain network include: a data storage contract for verifying and recording lightweight storage data packets from a dedicated mobile smart terminal; and a process coordination contract associated with the data storage contract, configured to automatically initiate verification requests to preset participating node nodes after the data storage contract completes recording, and automatically update the status of the relevant storage records after collecting valid electronic signatures from all preset parties.

[0012] Furthermore, the dedicated mobile smart terminal is configured to enter an offline working mode when the network is interrupted, temporarily storing the lightweight evidence storage data packet and the encrypted original data packet locally; and automatically uploading them to the local processing and buffering layer after the network is restored; the data storage contract is further configured to use the original timestamp from the terminal's secure clock chip encapsulated in the data packet as the evidence storage time when processing evidence generated offline.

[0013] Furthermore, the platform also includes a visualization traceability module, which includes: a coordinate transformation unit, which pre-stores transformation parameters between the building information model coordinate system and the terminal positioning coordinate system; a spatial association unit, which maps the geographical location information in the evidence storage record to the three-dimensional spatial coordinates in the building information model according to the transformation parameters, and associates it with a specific component; and an interaction unit, which enables bidirectional query and positioning of components and associated evidence storage records in the model interface.

[0014] Furthermore, the platform is configured to support independent third-party auditing: the consortium blockchain network provides a public query interface for retrieving and displaying on-chain evidence records based on transaction numbers, the records containing data fingerprints and file content identifiers; the distributed file storage access point is configured to provide the corresponding encrypted original data file in response to a retrieval request based on the file content identifier.

[0015] Furthermore, the multi-source fusion sensing module and the customized trusted application software are configured to work together, so that during the acquisition process, image data, location coordinate data, time data, device number data, and device attitude angle data are synchronously captured and bound in the memory of the hardware security area to form the original data packet.

[0016] Furthermore, the distributed file storage access point maintains the mapping relationship between the file content identifier and the physical storage location of the encrypted original data packet.

[0017] Furthermore, the process coordination contract is configured to monitor transactions on the blockchain network. After verifying and collecting valid electronic signatures for specific data fingerprints from all preset participant accounts, it automatically performs a state update operation and records the state change in the distributed ledger.

[0018] Compared with existing technologies, this invention provides a blockchain-based transparent engineering supervision platform, which has the following beneficial effects: 1. In this solution, smart contracts are used to encode the fixed supervision process into automatically executable rules, driving the autonomous and uninterrupted operation of multi-party collaboration and confirmation links. This eliminates the inefficiency and unclear status caused by human transmission and urging, and makes the business process itself objective and impartial.

[0019] 2. In this solution, based on the principles of distributed consensus networks and cryptography, any authorized party can independently verify the authenticity and integrity of all records without trust or going through the platform operator's backend, creating a transparent environment that can be publicly audited and solving the trust problem of "black box" operation in centralized systems.

[0020] 3. In this solution, by using an offline working mode and a mechanism that forces the use of the original timestamp on the blockchain, the timeline of information generation is ensured to remain continuous, authentic, and unrecordable even in special working environments where the network is missing, thus breaking through the absolute dependence of traditional methods on a stable network.

[0021] 4. In this solution, the reliable on-site records are spatially associated with the components in the building information model through coordinate mapping, enabling the massive amount of on-site information to be intuitively located and traced in three-dimensional space. This achieves a leap in management from abstract documents to three-dimensional scenes, greatly improving collaborative efficiency and decision-making accuracy.

[0022] 5. In this solution, through a deeply customized dedicated terminal and hardware-level security technology, the on-site information is natively bound to time, space and operator identity at the moment of generation, establishing an unforgeable trust starting point from the physical source, and completely solving the core vulnerability of information being easily tampered with during the input process in traditional methods. Attached Figure Description

[0023] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the three-layer collaborative architecture of the platform of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the trusted data acquisition process of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the smart contract logic of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the multi-party collaborative evidence preservation process of the present invention; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the third-party audit verification process of the present invention; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the offline evidence preservation extension of the present invention; Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the BIM integration visualization traceability of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0024] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0025] Please see Figures 1-3 This blockchain-based engineering supervision transparency platform aims to build a trusted and transparent system covering the entire process of data generation from its source to permanent storage. To achieve this goal, the platform adopts a layered and collaborative design approach and integrates dedicated hardware, software, and network components.

[0026] 1. Overall Layered Architecture of the Platform The platform's overall operation is built on a three-layer collaborative architecture of "terminal collection - edge processing - on-chain consensus". Each layer assumes a clear responsibility and works together to ensure the authenticity, integrity and credibility of the data throughout its entire lifecycle.

[0027] On-site Trusted Acquisition Layer (Terminal Layer): This layer is the data source of the platform and consists of dedicated mobile intelligent terminals deployed on the engineering site. Its core mission is to natively bind on-site image data with unforgeable metadata such as time, space, equipment, and operator identity the moment the data is generated, through integrated security hardware and customized software, thereby preventing forgery at the source from both physical and technical perspectives.

[0028] Local Processing and Buffering Layer (Edge Layer): This layer consists of a local server cluster located within the project department, playing a crucial role in bridging the gap between the upper and lower layers. It is responsible for efficiently receiving and securely storing large volumes of raw data (such as images and videos) uploaded from the terminal layer, providing localized encrypted storage and preprocessing services, and generating a data digest index for efficient verification. This design effectively alleviates the performance pressure and cost issues associated with directly writing massive amounts of raw data to the blockchain.

[0029] Distributed Consensus Evidence Storage Layer (On-Chain / Cloud): This layer is the cornerstone of platform trust, consisting of a permissioned consortium blockchain network jointly maintained by all major participants in the project construction (such as the owner, supervisor, and general contractor). Its core function is not to store the raw data itself, but rather to use a consensus mechanism to permanently and immutably record the "digital fingerprint" representing the uniqueness of the data from the edge layer, along with the confirmation signatures of multiple participants. This forms a legally valid evidence anchor, enabling transparent auditing and traceability of the data.

[0030] These three layers are organically connected through standard secure communication protocols, with data flowing from bottom to top, while trust based on cryptography and distributed consensus is injected into every piece of data from top to bottom, forming a complete technological closed loop.

[0031] 2. Specific implementation of core components A dedicated on-site intelligent terminal, which is a reliable data acquisition device deeply customized for engineering supervision scenarios.

[0032] Hardware-level security foundation: The terminal core uses a mobile system chip with an integrated hardware secure area (TEE). This area is an independent computing environment physically isolated from the main operating system. All sensitive operations such as key management and data signing are completed within it, fundamentally eliminating the possibility of stealing or forging critical information through software attacks.

[0033] Multi-sensor fusion module: The terminal integrates multiple sensors to achieve environmental perception and data binding, including: a BeiDou / GPS dual-mode positioning module for obtaining centimeter-to-meter accurate positioning; a high-precision secure clock chip synchronized with the national standard time source via an encrypted protocol; an inertial measurement unit (IMU) for determining the device's usage posture (such as whether it is being placed flat for photography); and a high-definition camera to meet the needs of industrial site photography. In addition, it is equipped with a capacitive fingerprint reader or a facial recognition camera supporting infrared liveness detection for biometric verification of the operator's identity.

[0034] Customized Trusted Application Software: The terminal runs a customized monitoring data acquisition application. Its core security modules (such as data packaging engine, hash calculation, and digital signature) run directly within the hardware security zone as a Trusted Application (TA). When performing critical tasks, the application forcibly invokes the TA for liveness authentication. After successful authentication, the TA generates a temporary key pair for the current session, ensuring that "human-machine-time-location-event" data is synchronously captured and encrypted within the security zone, generating an indivisible original data packet.

[0035] Edge computing and storage nodes, with local servers deployed at the construction site, perform two core functions and are key nodes for the platform to achieve high-performance edge computing.

[0036] Local Business and Collaboration Server: Runs project management microservices, responsible for handling localized business such as personnel permissions, task scheduling, and drawing collaboration, and provides offline support for critical services when the network is interrupted, ensuring the continuity of basic on-site workflows.

[0037] Distributed file storage access point: The server also serves as a node in a private InterPlanetary File System (IPFS) cluster. Encrypted raw data packets uploaded by terminals are stored here, and the system automatically generates globally unique Content Identifiers (CIDs) based on their content. Any minor modification to the file content will cause a complete change to the CID, thus ensuring the verifiability of the stored content itself. The server is responsible for maintaining the mapping between CIDs and physical storage locations and returning the CIDs to the terminals as unique credentials for subsequent retrieval.

[0038] Consortium blockchain networks and smart contracts enable the platform to build a permissioned consortium blockchain network, serving as a trust infrastructure for multi-party consensus.

[0039] Distributed ledger network: Owners, supervisors, construction workers, and other participants each deploy and run blockchain nodes, jointly maintaining a consistent and tamper-proof copy of the ledger across the entire network. Any transaction record confirmed by the network is transparent and visible to all participants and cannot be unilaterally denied.

[0040] Automated execution smart contracts: Smart contracts that implement the core logic of the platform are deployed on the blockchain network. These are pre-written, automatically executed code rules. Identity Management Contract: Responsible for binding the entity qualifications and professional qualifications of each participating party to their blockchain account addresses after hash calculation, thereby establishing a verifiable on-chain digital identity system.

[0041] Data storage contract: Defines the data structure for storage and provides an interface for receiving and verifying lightweight data storage packages. It automatically verifies the submitter's digital signature and permanently writes key evidence summaries such as data fingerprints, CIDs, and timestamps into the blockchain.

[0042] Workflow Collaboration Contracts: These contracts encode specific supervisory workflows (such as "acceptance of concealed works") into automatically executable rules. For example, when the supervisor submits evidence for record-keeping, the contract automatically initiates verification requests to the relevant responsible parties. After collecting pre-set, valid multi-party electronic signatures, it automatically updates the evidence-keeping status, driving the reliable flow of business processes.

[0043] Example 1: Trustworthy Data Storage Process for Key Processes Please see Figure 4 This embodiment takes the most common scenario of "acceptance of concealed steel reinforcement works" as an example to explain in detail how this platform can achieve a complete and reliable data storage. This process involves four main participants: the supervisor's handheld device (initiator), the local server (storage provider), the storage network (consensus party), and the equipment of the construction party and the owner (collaborative verification party).

[0044] Step 1: Task Initiation and Operator Identity Activation The supervising engineer opens the application on a dedicated device and selects the "Concealed Reinforcement Works Acceptance" task from the task list. The application interface prompts for identity verification. The engineer presses the fingerprint recognition module or looks at the facial recognition camera. Biometric data is directly sent to the device's secure area for comparison and verification. Upon successful verification, a temporary encrypted key pair is generated within the secure area for this task session. The private key is securely locked within the area and will never be exported; while the public key can be obtained by other parts of the application for use in subsequent processes.

[0045] Step 2: Reliable Collection and Local Binding of On-site Data The engineer photographed the rebar tying results on site. Pressing the shutter button triggered a series of synchronous operations performed by a trusted program within the safe zone: 1. Acquire image data from the camera sensor.

[0046] 2. Obtain the precise location coordinates data at the current moment from the positioning module.

[0047] 3. Obtain authoritative time data from the clock chip.

[0048] 4. Read the pre-set unique device number from the device hardware.

[0049] 5. Data is acquired from motion sensors, and the device's attitude angle in space is calculated in real time to characterize the device's posture during shooting.

[0050] All the above data (images, coordinates, time, device number, attitude angle) are combined and organized in the memory of the secure area to form a complete set of information called the raw data packet.

[0051] Step 3: Generate data fingerprint and operator's electronic signature Within the secure area, a cryptographic digest algorithm is applied to the original data packet to calculate a fixed-length digest value, called a data fingerprint. This data fingerprint is a unique and irreversible "digital snapshot" of the original data packet. Next, a digital signature operation is performed on the data fingerprint using the private key of the current session, generating a digital signature. This signature proves that "this data fingerprint was generated at this time by the entity that controls the corresponding private key," achieving non-repudiation of the operation.

[0052] Step 4: Encryption and Off-Chain Storage of Original Data The terminal device encrypts the original data packet using a symmetric encryption algorithm to obtain ciphertext. The temporary key used for encryption is generated by a secure area. Then, the terminal uploads the ciphertext to the project's local server via the network. The local server, acting as a node in the distributed file storage network, stores the ciphertext in its storage system and calculates its file content identifier based on the ciphertext's content. The server returns this identifier to the terminal device. At this point, the original large file is securely stored in an external distributed file system, and this identifier serves as its unique retrieval credential.

[0053] Step 5: Construct a lightweight evidence storage data package The terminal application assembles a lightweight evidence storage data packet. This packet contains the following core information: Data fingerprint: A digital snapshot of the original data.

[0054] File content identifier: The identifier of the original encrypted data in distributed storage.

[0055] Timestamp: The authoritative time taken from the original data packet.

[0056] Location information: Location coordinates taken from the original data packet.

[0057] Operator ID Number: The digital identity identifier of the supervising engineer.

[0058] Electronic signature: The electronic signature of the supervising engineer.

[0059] Device Information: Terminal Device Number.

[0060] Step 6: Submit to the evidence storage network for initial recording. The terminal uses a long-term private key bound to the current operator's identity to sign the entire evidence storage data packet and submits the signed packet as a transaction to the evidence storage network. Upon receiving the transaction, nodes in the network verify the validity of the operator's signature. Subsequently, the transaction is broadcast and confirmed by the node responsible for packaging it, and is ultimately permanently recorded on the distributed ledger. This process generates a globally unique transaction number. At this point, key information such as the data fingerprint and file identifier has been permanently and immutably recorded, completing the data's "network anchoring."

[0061] Step 7: Trigger the multi-party collaborative verification process The data packet written to the network triggers a process collaboration contract deployed on the network. The contract's code logic is activated; it reads preset rules (e.g., "concealed rebar acceptance" requires confirmation from the supervisor, construction team, and owner), and then automatically generates a pending "verification request" record on the network, associated with the current transaction number and data fingerprint. The network's communication mechanism then sends this notification to the client applications of the construction team's quality inspector and the owner's representative's respective nodes.

[0062] Step 8: Collaborating parties conduct independent verification and electronic countersigning. The construction company's quality inspectors and the owner's representative receive task reminders on their dedicated devices. They can view the details, and the system may prompt them to go to the site for verification or make judgments based on uploaded images. After confirming that the site conditions match the evidence records, they each operate on their own devices. Their device applications display the data fingerprint currently awaiting verification and require them to perform biometric verification. After successful verification, the devices use their respective private keys to independently electronically sign the data fingerprint, generating a construction company signature and an owner's signature respectively. These two signatures are submitted as a new transaction to the evidence network, aiming to trigger the process coordination contract for this operation.

[0063] Step 9: Automated contract verification and final notarization. The process coordination contract continuously monitors transactions on the network. Upon receiving signed transactions from the contractor and owner, the contract's code automatically performs verification: first, it checks if the signatures indeed originate from a pre-defined, authorized account address; then, it verifies if the data represented by these signatures is the data fingerprint the contract is waiting for. Once all necessary pre-defined signatures have been verified and collected, the process coordination contract automatically performs a state update operation, changing the status of the record associated with the transaction number from "pending confirmation" to "confirmed by multiple parties." This state change, as a new operation record, is also permanently written to the distributed ledger.

[0064] Step 10: Process Completion and Generation of Evidence Receipts The status update event is pushed to the application interfaces of all relevant parties. The monitoring equipment, construction equipment, and owner equipment all display "Concealed Reinforcement Acceptance Certificate has been completed and confirmed by all parties." The entire certificate-keeping process is now complete. The platform will generate a structured electronic certificate, which includes at least the transaction number, document content identifier, final status, and an index of all relevant party signatures, available for download and storage by all parties. Anyone can use the transaction number to trace back the complete and reliable history of this certificate-keeping process online in the future.

[0065] Example 2: Data Trust Verification and Third-Party Audit Process Please see Figure 5 This example illustrates how any authorized third party (such as a government quality supervision station, auditing unit, or judicial institution) can independently conduct a reliable audit of the stored data without relying on the platform operator's backend.

[0066] Audit Step 1: Locate On-Chain Evidence Records Auditors obtain a certificate of evidence to be audited (containing a transaction number), or retrieve the target certificate of evidence record by searching keywords such as project name and time through the platform's public query interface. Auditors enter the unique transaction number corresponding to this certificate of evidence in the platform's public blockchain explorer. The explorer returns a complete details page for the transaction, which explicitly includes the following key fields: the data fingerprint of the original data, the corresponding file content identifier, the authoritative timestamp, the operator's identification number, and the final status of the certificate of evidence (e.g., "confirmed").

[0067] Audit Step 2: Retrieve and Obtain Raw Data Using the file content identifier obtained in the previous step, auditors initiate a retrieval request to the distributed file storage network through standard IPFS client tools or a dedicated gateway service provided by the platform. The network, based on the content addressing protocol, automatically locates the node storing the corresponding encrypted data file (usually a local project server or a backed-up cloud node) and downloads the encrypted file to the auditor's local computer. Subsequently, according to a pre-agreed security protocol, the auditor obtains a one-time decryption key for the file from the data responsibility party (such as the supervision unit), decrypts the encrypted file, and ultimately restores the original data packet containing all bound information such as images, location, and time.

[0068] Audit Step 3: Independently recalculate the data fingerprint Auditors, in a trusted local computing environment, use a cryptographic digest algorithm (such as SHA-256) that is fully consistent with the platform's standards to perform hash calculations on the complete original data packet obtained from decryption in step 2, and obtain a new data fingerprint (audit value).

[0069] Audit Step 4: Comparison and Issuance of Audit Conclusions Auditors compare the locally calculated data fingerprint (audit value) with the original data fingerprint (on-chain value) that is permanently recorded on the chain and viewed on the blockchain explorer in audit step 1.

[0070] Conclusion 1 (Data Integrity): If the two data fingerprints are completely identical, a conclusive audit conclusion is reached: since the transaction was confirmed by the blockchain network, the original data content corresponding to it has not been tampered with or damaged in any way. Furthermore, the electronic signature chain attached to the on-chain record, generated by multiple parties including the supervisor, construction worker, and owner, provides irrefutable proof that "the data has been confirmed on-site by all relevant responsible parties."

[0071] Conclusion 2 (Data Tampering): If there is any inconsistency between the two data fingerprints, it immediately proves that the original data file held by the current auditor is inconsistent with the original state when it was submitted for evidence preservation, the data has been tampered with, and the credible basis of the evidence preservation has been destroyed.

[0072] The core advantage of this audit process lies in its independence and the certainty of its conclusions. The auditors do not need to trust the platform operators; they can draw irrefutable conclusions solely based on publicly available blockchain information and cryptographic principles. This is precisely the core mechanism by which the platform achieves "transparency" and builds a trustworthy environment.

[0073] Example 3: Extended Implementation of Offline Environment Data Storage Please see Figure 6This embodiment describes how the platform ensures uninterrupted evidence storage process and data timeliness and authenticity in special operating environments such as tunnels, deep foundation pits, and remote mountainous areas where network signals are unstable or completely absent.

[0074] Extended implementation method: When the dedicated supervision terminal detects that there is no available network connection, it automatically switches to offline working mode.

[0075] 1. Offline execution of core evidence preservation steps: The terminal device can still normally execute steps 1 to 3 as described in Embodiment 1, that is, complete operator identity activation, trusted on-site data collection and binding, and generation of data fingerprints and electronic signatures within the secure area. The generated lightweight evidence preservation data package (including data fingerprints, signatures, timestamps, etc.) and the encrypted original large file are encrypted and stored together in the secure storage area inside the terminal device.

[0076] 2. Automatic Synchronization After Network Recovery: When the terminal moves to an area with network coverage (such as returning to the project site and connecting to Wi-Fi), the platform client automatically detects network recovery and immediately starts the background synchronization program. The terminal uploads all locally cached offline evidence storage data packets and corresponding encrypted original files to the project's local server in sequence and in batches.

[0077] 3. Ensuring Time Authenticity: When submitting offline-generated evidence data packets to the evidence storage network, the platform's smart contract strictly uses the original timestamp from the authoritative clock chip in the terminal's secure area, sealed within the data packet, as the sole legitimate time for the evidence storage transaction, rather than the server time when the data packet was uploaded to the network. This eliminates the possibility of retroactively recording or modifying the time, ensuring that even in an offline environment, the timeline of data generation remains authentic, continuous, and verifiable.

[0078] Example 4: Implementation of Visual Traceability Integrated with Building Information Modeling Please see Figure 7 This embodiment illustrates how the platform integrates with existing building information modeling (BIM) technology, transforming stored data from abstract records into visual information that can be intuitively located and traced in a three-dimensional spatial model, thereby improving management efficiency.

[0079] Extended implementation method: 1. Coordinate System I and Mapping: During the project initialization phase, a precise transformation relationship is established between the local engineering coordinate system used in the project's BIM model and the geodetic coordinate system (such as WGS-84) used for terminal GPS positioning, using surveying technology. This transformation parameter is securely configured in the platform backend.

[0080] 2. Spatial Association of Evidence Data: Whenever an on-site evidence containing geographical location information (such as a pile foundation inspection photo or a record of a wall crack) is created, the platform's backend service will automatically call a coordinate transformation algorithm to convert the GPS coordinates in the evidence into three-dimensional spatial coordinates (X,Y,Z) within the BIM model, and associate and bind the unique transaction number of the evidence record with the specific component in the model (such as "Column No. 12 on the 5th floor of Building B").

[0081] 3. Two-way visual query and traceability: From model to data: Project managers can click on any component in the 3D model on the BIM management platform or the platform's web dashboard. The sidebar of the interface will immediately display a list of all the evidence files associated with that component, such as supervision and acceptance records, inspection reports, problem photos, and rectification notices, and support clicking to view details.

[0082] From Data to Model: When viewing any document record, the page provides a "Locate in Model" button. Clicking it will automatically rotate, zoom, and highlight the precise spatial location where the record occurred.

[0083] This implementation method achieves deep integration of massive amounts of on-site data such as quality, safety, and schedule with virtual digital models, making the transparent traceability of the entire project process three-dimensional, intuitive, and efficient, and greatly improving the level of collaborative management and decision support capabilities.

[0084] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments can be implemented, in whole or in part, by software, hardware, firmware, or any other combination thereof. When implemented in software, the above embodiments can be implemented, in whole or in part, as a computer program product. Those skilled in the art will recognize that the units and algorithm steps of the various examples described in conjunction with the embodiments disclosed herein can be implemented in electronic hardware, or a combination of computer software and electronic hardware. Whether these functions are implemented in hardware or software depends on the specific application and design constraints of the technical solution. Any obvious variations or modifications derived therefrom are still within the scope of protection of this invention.

Claims

1. A blockchain-based transparent engineering supervision platform, characterized by: It includes a field trusted acquisition layer, a local processing and buffering layer, and a distributed consensus and evidence storage layer connected in sequence; The on-site trusted acquisition layer includes a dedicated mobile smart terminal deployed on the engineering site, used to collect on-site image data, and natively bind it with time and space equipment and operator identity metadata within the hardware security area to form and encrypt the original data packet, while generating corresponding data fingerprints and electronic signatures. The local processing and buffering layer includes a local server set up in the project department, which is used to receive and store the encrypted raw data packets and generate their corresponding unique file content identifiers. The distributed consensus evidence storage layer includes a permissioned consortium blockchain network jointly maintained by all parties involved in the project construction. Smart contracts are deployed on the blockchain network to receive and verify lightweight evidence storage data packets containing the data fingerprint and file content identifier, permanently record their key information in the distributed ledger, and automatically trigger and execute a multi-party collaborative verification process according to preset rules.

2. The blockchain-based transparent engineering supervision platform according to claim 1, characterized in that: The dedicated mobile intelligent terminal includes: a mobile system chip with an integrated hardware security area; a multi-dimensional fusion sensing module, including a Beidou positioning module, a GPS positioning module, a secure clock chip synchronized with a national standard time source, an inertial measurement unit, a high-definition camera, and a fingerprint reader and a face recognition camera for operator identity biometric verification; and customized trusted application software, whose core security module runs in the hardware security area as a trusted application, used to control the multi-dimensional fusion sensing module to synchronously collect data after the operator's identity verification is passed, and to complete data binding, encryption, data fingerprint generation, and electronic signature operations within the security area.

3. The blockchain-based transparent engineering supervision platform according to claim 1, characterized in that: The local server includes: a local business and collaboration server, used to provide project management microservices and offline business support; and a distributed file storage access point, which serves as a node in the InterPlanetary File System private cluster, used to store the encrypted raw data packets and generate the unique file content identifier.

4. The blockchain-based transparent engineering supervision platform according to claim 1, characterized in that: The smart contracts deployed on the consortium blockchain network include: a data storage contract, used to verify and record lightweight storage data packets from a dedicated mobile smart terminal; and a process coordination contract, associated with the data storage contract, configured to automatically initiate verification requests to preset participating node nodes after the data storage contract completes recording, and automatically update the status of the relevant storage records after collecting valid electronic signatures from all preset parties.

5. The blockchain-based transparent engineering supervision platform according to claim 1, characterized in that: The dedicated mobile smart terminal is configured to enter an offline working mode when the network is interrupted, temporarily storing the lightweight evidence storage data packet and the encrypted original data packet locally; and automatically uploading them to the local processing and buffering layer after the network is restored; the data storage contract is further configured to use the original timestamp from the terminal's secure clock chip encapsulated in the data packet as the evidence storage time when processing evidence generated offline.

6. The blockchain-based transparent engineering supervision platform according to claim 1, characterized in that: The platform also includes a visualization traceability module, which includes: a coordinate transformation unit, which pre-stores transformation parameters between the building information model coordinate system and the terminal positioning coordinate system; a spatial association unit, which maps the geographical location information in the evidence storage record to the three-dimensional spatial coordinates in the building information model according to the transformation parameters, and associates it with specific components; and an interaction unit, which enables bidirectional query and positioning of components and associated evidence storage records in the model interface.

7. The blockchain-based transparent engineering supervision platform according to claim 1, characterized in that: The platform is configured to support independent third-party auditing: the consortium blockchain network provides a public query interface for retrieving and displaying on-chain evidence records based on transaction numbers, the records containing data fingerprints and file content identifiers; the distributed file storage access point is configured to provide the corresponding encrypted original data file in response to a retrieval request based on the file content identifier.

8. The blockchain-based transparent engineering supervision platform according to claim 2, characterized in that: The multi-source fusion sensing module and the customized trusted application software are configured to work together, so that during the acquisition process, image data, location coordinate data, time data, device number data, and device attitude angle data are synchronously captured and bound in the memory of the hardware security area to form the original data packet.

9. The blockchain-based transparent engineering supervision platform according to claim 3, characterized in that: The distributed file storage access point maintains the mapping relationship between the file content identifier and the physical storage location of the encrypted original data packet.

10. The blockchain-based transparent engineering supervision platform according to claim 4, characterized in that: The process coordination contract is configured to listen to transactions on the blockchain network. After verifying and collecting valid electronic signatures for specific data fingerprints from all preset participant accounts, it automatically performs a state update operation and records the state change in the distributed ledger.

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