Hierarchical modulation communication

Abstract

Various aspects of the present disclosure generally relate to wireless communications. In some aspects, a first network entity may encode first information using keying modulation. The first network entity may encode the second information using frequency modulated continuous waveform (FMCW) modulation. A first network entity may transmit a communication including a first layer indicating first information and a second layer indicating second information. Numerous other aspects are described.

Description

[0001] Cross-reference to related applications

[0002] This patent application claims priority to U.S. Patent Application No. 18 / 455,547, filed August 24, 2023, entitled “LAYERED MODULATION COMMUNICATION,” which is assigned to the assignee of this application. The disclosure of the earlier application is considered part of this patent application and is incorporated herein by reference. Technical Field

[0003] All aspects of this disclosure relate to wireless communication in general, and to techniques and apparatus for hierarchical modulation communication. Background Technology

[0004] Wireless communication systems are widely deployed to provide a variety of telecommunications services, such as telephone, video, data, messaging, and broadcasting. Typical wireless communication systems employ multiple access technologies that enable communication with multiple users by sharing available system resources (e.g., bandwidth, transmit power, etc.). Examples of such multiple access technologies include Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) systems, Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA) systems, Frequency Division Multiple Access (FDMA) systems, Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access (OFDMA) systems, Single Carrier Frequency Division Multiple Access (SC-FDMA) systems, Time Division Synchronous Code Division Multiple Access (TD-SCDMA) systems, and Long Term Evolution (LTE). LTE / LTE-Advanced is a set of enhancements to the Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) mobile standard issued by the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP).

[0005] A wireless network may include one or more network nodes that support communication for one or more user equipment (UE) devices. The UE may communicate with network entities via downlink and uplink communication. "Downlink" (or "DL") refers to the communication link from the network entity to the UE, and "uplink" (or "UL") refers to the communication link from the UE to the network node.

[0006] The aforementioned multiple access technologies have been adopted in various telecommunications standards to provide a common protocol that enables different UEs to communicate at the city, country, region, and / or global levels. New Radio (NR) (which may be referred to as 5G) is a set of enhancements to the LTE mobile standard issued by 3GPP. NR is designed to better support mobile broadband internet access by: improving spectrum efficiency; reducing costs; improving service; utilizing new spectrum; and better integrating with other open standards by using Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) with Cyclic Prefix (CP) (CP-OFDM) on the downlink and CP-OFDM and / or Single Carrier Frequency Division Multiplexing (SC-FDM) (also known as Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT) Extended OFDM (DFT-s-OFDM)) on the uplink; and supporting beamforming, Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO) antenna technologies and carrier aggregation. Further improvements to LTE, NR, and other radio access technologies remain useful as the demand for mobile broadband access continues to increase. Summary of the Invention

[0007] Some aspects described herein relate to a first network entity for wireless communication. The first network entity may include a processing system. The processing system may be configured to encode first information using keying modulation. The processing system may be configured to encode second information using frequency modulated continuous waveform (FMCW) modulation. The processing system may be configured to transmit communications comprising a first layer indicating the first information and a second layer indicating the second information.

[0008] Some aspects described herein relate to a first network entity for wireless communication. The first network entity may include a processing system. The processing system may be configured to receive communications from a second network entity, including a first layer indicating first information and a second layer indicating second information. The processing system may be configured to demodulate the first layer using keying modulation to obtain the first information. The processing system may be configured to demodulate the second layer using FMCW modulation to obtain the second information.

[0009] Some aspects described herein relate to a method of wireless communication performed by or at a first network entity. The method may include encoding first information using keying modulation. The method may include encoding second information using FMCW modulation. The method may include transmitting communication comprising a first layer indicating the first information and a second layer indicating the second information.

[0010] Some aspects described herein relate to a method of wireless communication performed by or at a first network entity. The method may include receiving communication from a second network entity that includes a first layer indicating first information and a second layer indicating second information. The method may include using keying modulation to demodulate the first layer to obtain the first information. The method may include using FMCW modulation to demodulate the second layer to obtain the second information.

[0011] Some aspects described herein relate to a non-transitory computer-readable medium storing instructions for wireless communication. When executed by a first network entity, these instructions cause the network entity to encode first information using keying modulation. When executed by the first network entity, these instructions cause the network entity to encode second information using FMCW modulation. When executed by the first network entity, these instructions cause the network entity to transmit communication including a first layer indicating the first information and a second layer indicating the second information.

[0012] Some aspects described herein relate to a non-transitory computer-readable medium storing instructions for wireless communication. When executed by a first network entity, these instructions enable the network entity to receive, from a second network entity, communication comprising a first layer indicating first information and a second layer indicating second information. When executed by the first network entity, these instructions enable the network entity to demodulate the first layer using keying modulation to obtain the first information. When executed by the first network entity, these instructions enable the network entity to demodulate the second layer using FMCW modulation to obtain the second information.

[0013] Some aspects described herein relate to an apparatus for wireless communication. The apparatus may include components for encoding first information using keying modulation. The apparatus may include components for encoding second information using FMCW modulation. The apparatus may include components for transmitting communication comprising a first layer indicating the first information and a second layer indicating the second information.

[0014] Some aspects described herein relate to an apparatus for wireless communication. The apparatus may include components for receiving communications from a second network entity, including a first layer indicating first information and a second layer indicating second information. The apparatus may include components for demodulating the first layer using keying modulation to obtain the first information. The apparatus may include components for demodulating the second layer using FMCW modulation to obtain the second information.

[0015] The entirety of the terms includes methods, apparatus, systems, computer program products, non-transitory computer-readable media, user equipment, base stations, network entities, network nodes, wireless communication devices and / or processing systems as fully described herein with reference to the accompanying drawings and description and illustrated as illustrated in the drawings and description.

[0016] The foregoing provides a broad overview of the exemplary features and technical advantages of the examples according to this disclosure. Additional exemplary features and advantages are described below. Attached Figure Description

[0017] The accompanying drawings illustrate certain exemplary aspects of this disclosure and are therefore not limiting in scope. The same reference numerals in different drawings may identify the same or similar elements.

[0018] Figure 1 These are illustrations of example environments in which the apparatus and / or methods described herein may be implemented according to this disclosure.

[0019] Figure 2 This is a diagram illustrating example components of a device according to the present disclosure.

[0020] Figure 3 This is a diagram illustrating an example of a wireless network according to the present disclosure.

[0021] Figure 4 This is a diagram illustrating an environment in accordance with the present disclosure that includes wireless communication between a first network entity and a second network entity.

[0022] Figure 5 This is a diagram illustrating an example decomposed base station architecture according to this disclosure.

[0023] Figure 6 This is a diagram illustrating an example of a low-power signal associated with this disclosure.

[0024] Figure 7 This is a diagram illustrating an example of operation associated with layered modulation communication according to this disclosure.

[0025] Figure 8 This is a diagram illustrating an example of operation associated with layered modulation communication according to this disclosure.

[0026] Figure 9 This is a diagram illustrating an example of operation associated with layered modulation communication according to this disclosure.

[0027] Figure 10 This is a diagram illustrating an example of communication associated with on / off keying modulation and frequency modulated continuous waveform (FMCW) modulation according to this disclosure.

[0028] Figure 11 This is a diagram illustrating an example of communication associated with frequency shift keying modulation and FMCW modulation according to this disclosure.

[0029] Figure 12 This is a diagram illustrating an example of demodulation-based FMCW modulation communication according to this disclosure.

[0030] Figure 13 This is a diagram illustrating an example of demodulating cyclic-shift-based FMCW modulated communication in accordance with this disclosure.

[0031] Figure 14 This is a diagram illustrating an example of demodulating cyclic-shift-based FMCW modulated communication in accordance with this disclosure.

[0032] Figure 15 This is a diagram illustrating an example process performed, for example, at a first network entity or a device of the first network entity, according to the present disclosure.

[0033] Figure 16 This is a diagram illustrating an example process performed, for example, at a first network entity or a device of the first network entity, according to the present disclosure.

[0034] Figure 17 This is a diagram of an example device for wireless communication according to the present disclosure.

[0035] Figure 18 This is a diagram of an example device for wireless communication according to the present disclosure. Detailed Implementation

[0036] In some examples, a transmitting entity can transmit and a receiving entity can receive a signal. The signal can be a low-power signal (e.g., associated with low power consumption at the receiving entity in relation to a received signal). In some examples, the signal can be associated with keying modulation. Keying modulation can include on-off keying (OOK) modulation and / or frequency shift keying (FSK) modulation, etc. For example, the transmitting entity can use keying modulation (e.g., OOK modulation or FSK modulation) to modulate and / or encode the signal. As an example, the signal can be a wake-up signal (WUS), a synchronization signal (SS), a reference signal (RS), or another signal. Due to the relatively low sampling rate and reduced complexity associated with the components used to receive the signal modulated via keying modulation, the signal can be associated with low power consumption and / or low energy consumption at the receiving entity (e.g., associated with a received signal). For example, the signal can be a low-power (LP) WUS (LP-WUS), LP-SS, and / or LP-RS, etc. For example, the receiving entity can include an LP receiver (e.g., designed with low-energy-consumption radio receiver circuitry). LP receivers can also be referred to as LP radio components and / or LP wake-up radio components (LP-WUR), etc.

[0037] A receiving entity (e.g., via an LP receiver) can monitor a signal (e.g., the signal itself). In some examples, the receiving entity may include a primary receiver (e.g., associated with relatively higher power consumption than the LP receiver). For example, the LP receiver may be a companion receiver configured to monitor the signal at very low power when the primary receiver is powered off or in deep sleep. The LP receiver can wake the primary receiver when actual data communication is indicated (e.g., via a signal such as WUS). The LP receiver can be designed to consume low power and can be powered independently with significantly less power than the primary receiver.

[0038] When no data is to be received, the primary receiver can be turned off or enter deep sleep, and the LP receiver can actively monitor for signals. This conserves power and / or energy for the receiving entity by enabling it to keep the primary receiver off or in deep sleep. If the receiving entity receives a signal (e.g., LP-WUS) via the LP receiver, it can turn on the primary receiver (e.g., to enable the receiving entity to receive data when the transmitting entity has data to send to it). For example, a signal (e.g., LP-WUS or another signal) can be used to reduce unnecessary paging reception. Signals can only be transmitted when there is a paging request for an idle or inactive mode entity (e.g., a UE). When the receiving entity detects LP-WUS, it can turn on the primary receiver. The primary receiver can monitor for the synchronization signal block (SSB) before the paging opportunity (PO) for synchronization and can then receive the paging message accordingly. When no signal is detected, the primary receiver can remain powered off and in deep sleep to conserve power.

[0039] For example, a receiving entity (e.g., an LP receiver of a receiving entity) can be associated with a keying modulation design. For example, a receiving entity (e.g., an LP receiver of a receiving entity) can be associated with an OOK-based design and / or an FSK-based design. Compared to an Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM)-based design, an OOK-based design and / or an FSK-based design can provide greater power savings. In other words, a receiving entity (e.g., an LP receiver of a receiving entity) can be configured to receive OOK waveforms and / or FSK waveforms to achieve improved power savings and / or reduced energy consumption associated with one or more receiving operations.

[0040] In some examples, the signal (e.g., WUS modulated using OOK or FSK) can be a single-carrier signal (e.g., the signal may occupy a single carrier and / or a single subcarrier in the frequency domain). In such examples, the receiving entity can detect the signal at a small sampling rate (e.g., a sampling rate of approximately 30 kHz with a 30 kHz subcarrier spacing). However, single-carrier signals may be sensitive to frequency selectivity (e.g., measurements of the performance of the receiving entity responding only to the signal it is tuned to and rejecting other signals near the frequency). In other examples, the signal can be a multi-carrier signal (e.g., the signal may occupy multiple carriers and / or multiple subcarriers in the frequency domain). Multi-carrier signals may be robust to fading but can be associated with high sampling rates (e.g., the sampling rate may be proportional to the total bandwidth spanned by the multi-carrier signal), thus increasing the power consumption of the receiving entity. Additionally, multi-carrier signals (e.g., using OOK or FSK waveforms) can be associated with modulation of 1 bit (e.g., a single bit) on multiple subcarriers, resulting in reduced spectral efficiency.

[0041] For example, a signal (e.g., using an OOK waveform or an FSK waveform) may be associated with indicating a single bit in a given OFDM symbol. For instance, a signal may indicate a single bit per OFDM symbol. This can result in a low data rate for the signal. The data rate may be significantly less than expected for the actual bandwidth occupied by the signal. However, increasing the number of bits indicated by the signal in a given OFDM symbol (e.g., for an OFDM-compatible OOK waveform or an OFDM-compatible FSK waveform) can lead to frequency selectivity errors and / or in-band interference. Therefore, a signal may be associated with low data rates (e.g., in the example of indicating a single bit in a given OFDM symbol) or performance degradation (e.g., caused by frequency selectivity errors and / or in-band interference) where the number of bits indicated by the signal in a given OFDM symbol is increased.

[0042] Various aspects generally relate to wireless communication, and more specifically to layered modulation communication. Some aspects more specifically relate to a communication comprising a first layer modulated using a keying modulation scheme and a second layer modulated using a frequency modulated continuous waveform (FMCW) modulation scheme. In some aspects, a transmitting entity can transmit and a receiving entity can receive communication comprising the first and second layers. The first layer can indicate first information, and the second layer can indicate second information. The receiving entity can use a keying modulation scheme (e.g., using OOK modulation or FSK modulation) to detect, decode, demodulate, and / or otherwise receive the first layer to obtain the first information. Additionally or alternatively, the receiving entity can use an FMCW modulation scheme to detect, decode, demodulate, and / or otherwise receive the second layer to obtain the second information. A layer can refer to an independent data stream. Multiple layers (e.g., multiple independent data streams) can be transmitted simultaneously (e.g., in a given signal) using different modulation schemes (e.g., via a layered modulation scheme). For example, the first layer can be associated with keying modulation (e.g., OOK modulation or FSK modulation), and the second layer can be associated with FMCW modulation.

[0043] In some aspects, the first layer may indicate the most significant bit (MSB) used for communication, and the second layer may indicate one or more least significant bits (LSBs) used for communication. In some aspects, the communication may be WUS. In such examples, the first layer (e.g., first information) may indicate a group of entities (e.g., a group of user equipment (UEs)). For example, a transmitting entity may have data or communication to be sent to at least one entity included in the group of entities. Thus, the transmitting entity may encode and / or modulate the first information (e.g., using OOK modulation or FSK modulation) to indicate that the group of entities is to be woken up. The second layer (e.g., second information) may indicate to the transmitting entity at least one entity included in the group of entities to which it has data or communication. In other words, the second layer (e.g., second information) may indicate a specific UE to be woken up (e.g., from a group of UEs). The receiving entity may obtain the first information and determine that the receiving entity is included in the group of entities indicated to be woken up by the first layer and / or the first information. In some aspects, the receiving entity may obtain the second information based on, in response to, or otherwise associated with the first information indicating that the group of entities is to be woken up (e.g., the second layer may be detected, decoded, and / or demodulated). If the second information indicates an identifier associated with the receiving entity (e.g., if the second information indicates that the receiving entity is to be woken up), the receiving entity can wake up (e.g., wake up the main receiver and / or power on the main receiver) so that the receiving entity can receive data and / or communications from the sending entity (e.g., via the main receiver).

[0044] Specific aspects of the subject matter described herein can be implemented to achieve one or more of the following potential advantages. Some aspects described herein implement layered modulated signals that include multiplexing information for increasing data rates and reducing power consumption at the receiving entity. In some aspects, by combining keying modulation (e.g., OOK modulation or FSK modulation) with FMCW modulation for each layer, the receiving entity can be enabled to receive signals using low power consumption while also increasing the data rate associated with the signal, as described in more detail elsewhere herein. For example, both keying modulation (e.g., OOK modulation or FSK modulation) and FMCW modulation can be associated with relatively low sampling rates and / or relatively low-complexity components, thereby enabling the receiving entity to receive signals modulated using keying modulation (e.g., OOK modulation or FSK modulation) and FMCW modulation with relatively low power consumption.

[0045] In some respects, by indicating the MSB of a communication via a first layer (e.g., using OOK or FSK modulation), higher-order or more important information can be indicated to a wider range of entities and / or devices. For example, OOK or FSK modulation can be associated with relatively lower complexity (and therefore can be supported by a wider range of (or more) entities and / or devices) compared to FMCW modulation. Thus, by indicating the MSB via a first layer, the sending entity can indicate the MSB to a wider range of entities and / or devices.

[0046] By receiving the second layer only when the second information is intended for or applicable to the receiving entity (e.g., detection, decoding, and / or demodulation), the second receiving entity can save physical, computational, and / or power resources that would otherwise be used for detecting, decoding, and / or demodulating the second layer in examples where the second information is not intended for or applicable to the receiving entity. By waking up the receiving entity only when the information indicated by the first and / or second layers of communication indicates the presence of communication to be received by the receiving entity (e.g., by turning on the main receiver), the receiving entity can save power that would otherwise be used to power the main receiver. Furthermore, by using multiple layers to transmit communication, which are modulated using a modulation scheme that can be processed (e.g., reception, detection, demodulation, and / or decoding) at a relatively low sampling rate, the receiving entity can save power associated with processing multiple layers. Moreover, by using multiple layers to transmit communication, additional data can be indicated via the same communication (e.g., the same signal), thereby increasing the data rate associated with the communication (e.g., without significantly increasing the power consumption associated with the receiving entity receiving the communication).

[0047] Various aspects of this disclosure are described more fully below with reference to the accompanying drawings. However, this disclosure may be embodied in many different forms and is not limited to any particular structure, function, example, aspect, etc., presented throughout this disclosure. For example, this disclosure includes any aspect disclosed herein, whether implemented independently of or in combination with any other aspect of this disclosure. For example, any number of aspects set forth herein may be used to implement an apparatus or method of practice. Furthermore, the scope of this disclosure includes such apparatus or methods implemented using structures, functionalities, or structures and functionalities other than or different from the various aspects of the disclosure set forth herein. Any aspect of this disclosure disclosed herein may be embodied by one or more elements of the claims.

[0048] Aspects and examples generally include methods, apparatus, network nodes, network entities, systems, computer program products, non-transitory computer-readable media, user equipment, base stations, wireless communication devices and / or processing systems as described or fully described herein with reference to the accompanying drawings and description and illustrated as such.

[0049] This disclosure can be readily used as the basis for modifying or designing other structures for performing the same purposes as this disclosure. Such equivalent constructions do not depart from the scope of the appended claims. The characteristics (both organization and operation) of the exemplary concepts disclosed herein, along with their associated exemplary advantages, are described in the following description and in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Each figure in the accompanying drawings is for illustrative and descriptive purposes and not intended to define any limitation on the claims.

[0050] While aspects are described herein by way of example, those skilled in the art will understand that such aspects can be implemented in many different arrangements and scenarios. The techniques described herein can be implemented using different platform types, devices, systems, shapes, sizes, and / or package arrangements. For example, some aspects can be implemented via integrated chip implementations or other devices based on non-modular components (e.g., end-user equipment, vehicles, communication equipment, computing devices, industrial equipment, retail / shopping devices, medical devices, and / or artificial intelligence devices). Aspects can be implemented in chip-level components, modular components, non-modular components, non-chip-level components, device-level components, and / or system-level components. Devices incorporating the described example aspects and features may include additional example components and features for implementing and practicing the claimed and described aspects. For example, the transmission and reception of wireless signals may include one or more components for analog and digital purposes (e.g., hardware components including antennas, radio frequency (RF) chains, power amplifiers, modulators, buffers, processors, interleavers, adders, and / or summers). The aspects described herein can be practiced in a wide variety of devices, components, systems, distributed arrangements, and / or end-user equipment of different sizes, shapes, and configurations.

[0051] Various devices and technologies are used to illustrate several aspects of a telecommunications system. These devices and technologies are described in detail below and illustrated in the accompanying drawings by various blocks, modules, components, circuits, steps, processes, algorithms, etc. (collectively, “elements”). These elements can be implemented using hardware, software, or a combination thereof. Whether these elements are implemented as hardware or software depends on the specific application and the design constraints imposed on the system as a whole.

[0052] Although terms generally associated with 5G or New Radio (NR) Radio Access Technology (RAT) may be used herein to describe aspects, aspects of this disclosure may be applied to other RATs, such as 3G RAT, 4G RAT and / or 5G and later (e.g., 6G) RATs.

[0053] Figure 1 This is a diagram illustrating an example environment 100 in which the apparatus and / or methods described herein may be implemented according to this disclosure. Figure 1 As shown, environment 100 may include network entities 102, 104, and 106 that can communicate with each other via network 108. Network entities 102, 104, and 106 may be distributed throughout network 108, and each network entity 102, 104, and 106 may be stationary and / or mobile. Network 108 may include wired communication connections, wireless communication connections, or a combination of wired and wireless communication connections.

[0054] For example, network 108 may include cellular networks (e.g., Long Term Evolution (LTE) networks, Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) networks, 4G networks, 5G networks, 6G networks, or other types of next-generation networks), Public Land Mobile Networks (PLMN), Local Area Networks (LAN), Wide Area Networks (WAN), Metropolitan Area Networks (MAN), Telephone Networks (e.g., Public Switched Telephone Network (PSTN)), Private Networks, Ad Hoc Networks, Intranets, the Internet, Fiber-based Networks, Cloud Computing Networks, and / or combinations of these or other types of networks.

[0055] Generally, any number of networks 108 can be deployed in a given geographical area. Each network 108 can support a specific RAT and can operate on one or more frequencies. A RAT can be referred to as a radio technology, air interface, etc. A frequency can be referred to as a carrier, frequency channel, etc. Each frequency in a given geographical area can support a single RAT to avoid interference between wireless networks using different RATs. In some cases, open RAT NR, 5G, and / or 6G RAT networks can be deployed.

[0056] In some aspects, environment 100 may include one or more non-terrestrial network (NTN) deployments, wherein non-terrestrial wireless communication devices may include non-terrestrial network entities (e.g., network entities 102, 104, and 106). Non-terrestrial network entities may include, for example, network entities such as UEs (which are interchangeably referred to herein as “non-terrestrial UEs”), base stations (which are interchangeably referred to herein as “non-terrestrial base stations”), and / or relay stations (which are interchangeably referred to herein as “non-terrestrial relay stations”). As used herein, “NTN” may refer to a network to which access is facilitated by non-terrestrial network entities such as non-terrestrial UEs, non-terrestrial base stations, and / or non-terrestrial relay stations.

[0057] One or more of network entities 102, 104, and 106 can be any number of non-terrestrial wireless communication devices, include any number of non-terrestrial wireless communication devices, or be included in any number of non-terrestrial wireless communication devices. Non-terrestrial wireless communication devices can include satellites, manned aircraft systems, unmanned aircraft system (UAS) platforms, etc. Satellites can include low Earth orbit (LEO) satellites, medium Earth orbit (MEO) satellites, geostationary orbit (GEO) satellites, highly elliptical orbit (HEO) satellites, etc. Manned aircraft systems can include aircraft, helicopters, spacecraft, etc. UAS platforms can include high-altitude platform stations (HAPS) and can include balloons, spacecraft, aircraft, etc. Satellites can use satellite communications to communicate directly and / or indirectly with other entities in the environment. Other entities can include UEs (e.g., terrestrial UEs and / or non-terrestrial UEs), one or more other satellites in one or more NTN deployments, other types of base stations (e.g., stationary and / or terrestrial base stations), relay stations, and / or one or more components and / or devices included in the core network, etc.

[0058] As described herein, a network entity (which may alternatively be referred to as an entity, node, network node, or wireless entity) can be, can be similar to, can include, or can be included in (e.g., can be a component of) the following: base station (e.g., any base station described herein, including a decomposed base station), UE (e.g., any UE described herein), RedCap device, eRedCap device, ambient Internet of Things (IoT) device, energy harvesting (EH) capable device, network controller, apparatus, device, computing system, integrated access and backhaul (IAB) node, distributed unit (DU), central unit (CU), remote / radio unit (RU) (which may also be referred to as a remote radio unit (RRU)), and / or another processing entity configured to perform any of the techniques described herein. For example, a network entity can be a UE. As another example, a network entity can be a base station. As used herein, “network entity” can mean an entity configured to operate in a network (such as network entity 108). For example, “network entity” is not limited to entities currently located in and / or currently operating in a network. Instead, a network entity can be any entity capable of communicating and / or operating within a network.

[0059] The adjectives "first," "second," "third," etc., are used to distinguish between two or more modified nouns in context, and do not imply absolute modifiers applicable only to a specific corresponding entity throughout the document. For example, a network entity may be referred to as "first network entity" in one discussion and as "second network entity" in another, and vice versa. As an example, the first network entity may be configured to communicate with a second network entity or a third network entity. In one aspect of this example, the first network entity may be a UE, the second network entity may be a base station, and the third network entity may be a UE. In another aspect of this example, the first network entity may be a UE, the second network entity may be a base station, and the third network entity may be a base station. In yet other aspects of this example, the first, second, and third network entities may be different from these examples.

[0060] Similarly, references to UE, base station, device, equipment, computing system, etc., may include disclosures of UE, base station, device, equipment, computing system, etc., as network entities. For example, a disclosure of a UE being configured to receive information from a base station also discloses that a first network entity is configured to receive information from a second network entity. Consistent with this disclosure, once a particular example is extended according to this disclosure (e.g., a disclosure of a UE being configured to receive information from a base station also discloses that a first network entity is configured to receive information from a second network entity), a broader example of a narrower example may be interpreted in reverse, but in a broad, open-ended manner. In the above example where a UE is configured to receive information from a base station and a first network entity is configured to receive information from a second network entity, the first network entity may refer to a first UE, a first base station, a first device, a first equipment, a first computing system, a first set of one or more components, a first processing entity, etc., configured to receive information; and the second network entity may refer to a second UE, a second base station, a second device, a second equipment, a second computing system, a second set of one or more components, a second processing entity, etc.

[0061] As described herein, different terms may be used in various contexts to describe the transmission of information (e.g., any information, signal, etc.). Disclosure of one communication term includes disclosure of other communication terms. For example, a first network entity may be described as being configured to send information to a second network entity. In this example and consistent with this disclosure, disclosure that a first network entity is configured to send information to a second network entity includes disclosure that the first network entity is configured to provide, transmit, output, communicate, or send information to the second network entity. Similarly, in this example and consistent with this disclosure, disclosure that a first network entity is configured to send information to a second network entity includes disclosure that the second network entity is configured to receive, obtain, or decode information provided, transmitted, output, communicate, or sent by the first network entity.

[0062] As shown in the figure, network entity 102 may include processing system 110. Similarly, network entity 106 may include processing system 112. A processing system may include one or more components (or sub-components), such as those described herein. For example, a corresponding component among these one or more components may be, similar to, include, or be included in at least one memory, at least one communication interface, or at least one processor. For example, a processing system may include one or more components. In such an example, the one or more components may include a first component, a second component, and a third component. In this example, the first component may be coupled to the second and third components. In this example, the first component may be at least one processor, the second component may be a communication interface, and the third component may be at least one memory. A processing system can generally be one or more components of a system capable of performing one or more functions (such as any function or combination of functions described herein). For example, one or more components may receive input information (e.g., any information as input, such as a signal, any digital information, or any other information), one or more components may process the input information to generate output information (e.g., any information as output, such as a signal or any other information), one or more components may perform any function as described herein or any combination thereof. As described herein, “input” and “input information” can be used interchangeably. Similarly, as described herein, “output” and “output information” can be used interchangeably. Any information generated by any component can be provided to one or more other systems or components of network entities such as those described herein. For example, a processing system may include a first component configured to receive or obtain information, a second component configured to process the information to generate output information, and / or a third component configured to provide the output information to other systems or components. In this example, the first component may be a communication interface (e.g., a first communication interface), the second component may be at least one processor (e.g., coupled to the communication interface and / or at least one memory), and the third component may be a communication interface (e.g., a first communication interface or a second communication interface). For example, a processing system may include at least one memory, at least one communication interface, and / or at least one processor, wherein the at least one processor may, for example, be coupled to the at least one memory and the at least one communication interface.

[0063] The processing system of the network entity described herein can interface with one or more other components of the network entity, process information received from one or more other components (such as input information), or output such information to one or more other components. For example, the processing system may include a first component configured to interface with one or more other components of the network entity to receive or obtain information, a second component configured to process the information to generate one or more outputs, and / or a third component configured to output the one or more outputs to one or more other components. In this example, the first component may be a communication interface (e.g., a first communication interface), the second component may be at least one processor (e.g., coupled to the communication interface and / or at least one memory), and the third component may be a communication interface (e.g., the first communication interface or the second communication interface). For example, a chip or modem of the network entity may include the processing system. The processing system may include a first communication interface for receiving or obtaining information, and a second communication interface for outputting, transmitting, or providing information. In some examples, the first communication interface may be an interface configured to receive input information, and such information may be provided to the processing system. In some examples, the second system interface may be configured to transmit information output from the chip or modem. The second communication interface can also obtain or receive input information, and the first communication interface can also output, send, or provide information.

[0064] For example, such as Figure 1 As shown, processing system 110 may include (e.g., one or more) communication managers 114 and one or more communication interfaces 116. Communication manager 114 may be configured to perform one or more communication tasks as described herein. In some aspects, communication manager 114 may direct communication interface 120 and / or processing system 110 to perform one or more communication tasks as described herein. Similarly, processing system 112 may include (e.g., one or more) communication managers 118 and one or more communication interfaces 120. Communication manager 118 may be configured to perform one or more communication tasks as described herein. In some aspects, processing system 112 and / or communication manager 118 may direct communication interface 120 to perform one or more communication tasks as described herein. Although network entities 102 and 104 are depicted only with reference to clarity of description, any one or more of network entities 102, 104, and 106 may also include communication managers and communication interfaces.

[0065] As used herein, a “communication interface” refers to an interface that enables communication (e.g., wireless communication, wired communication, or a combination thereof) between a first network entity and a second network entity. A communication interface may include electronic circuitry that enables the network entity to transmit, receive, or otherwise perform communication. A communication interface may be, resemble, include, or be comprised of one or more components configured to enable communication between the first and second network entities. For example, a communication interface may include transmitting components, receiving components, and / or transceivers, etc. For example, a communication interface may include one or more transceivers, one or more receivers, and / or one or more transmitters configured to communicate with other devices, such as via a wired connection, a wireless connection, or a combination of wired and wireless connections. In some examples, a communication interface may include one or more RF components, an RF front-end, one or more antennas, one or more transmitting or receiving processors, demodulation components, and / or modulation components, etc. Elsewhere herein (such as in conjunction with…), Figure 2 A more detailed description of the communication interface.

[0066] As described herein, network entities (e.g., network entity 102 and / or network entity 106) may be configured to perform one or more operations. References to network entities configured to perform one or more operations may refer to the processing system of the network entity configured to perform one or more operations and / or the processing system configured to cause one or more components of the network entity to perform one or more operations. For example, a reference to a processing system configured to perform one or more operations may refer to one or more components (or subcomponents) of the processing system performing one or more operations. For example, one or more components of the processing system may include at least one memory, at least one processor, and / or at least one communication interface, etc., configured to perform one or more (or all) of the one or more operations and / or any combination thereof. When referring to network entities and / or processing systems being configured to perform operations, the network entities and / or processing systems may be configured to cause one component to perform all operations, or to cause more than one component to perform operations jointly. When network entities and / or processing systems are configured to enable more than one component to perform an operation, each operation does not need to be performed by every single one of those components (e.g., different operations can be performed by different components) and / or each operation does not need to be performed by only one component as a whole (e.g., different components can perform different sub-functions of the operation).

[0067] As described in more detail elsewhere herein, network entity 102 may (e.g., processing system 110 may, or processing system 110 may, communication manager 114 and / or communication interface 116) encode first information using keying modulation; encode second information using FMCW modulation; and / or transmit communications including a first layer indicating the first information and a second layer indicating the second information. Additionally or alternatively, network entity 102 and / or communication manager 114 may perform one or more other operations described herein.

[0068] As described in more detail elsewhere herein, network entity 106 may (e.g., processing system 112 may, or processing system 112 may, communication manager 114 and / or communication interface 116) receive from the second network entity communication including a first layer indicating first information and a second layer indicating second information; demodulate the first layer using keying modulation to obtain the first information; and / or demodulate the second layer using FMCW modulation to obtain the second information. Additionally or alternatively, network entity 106 and / or communication manager 118 may perform one or more other operations described herein.

[0069] Figure 1 The number and arrangement of entities shown are provided as one or more examples. In practice, they may exist in... Figure 1 The network entities and / or networks shown are compared to additional network entities and / or networks, fewer network entities and / or networks, different network entities and / or networks, or network entities and / or networks arranged in a different manner. Furthermore, network entities 102, 104, and 106 can be implemented using a single device or multiple devices.

[0070] Figure 2 This is a diagram illustrating example components of apparatus 200 according to the present disclosure. Apparatus 200 may correspond to any or more of network entities 102, 104, and 106 or another network entity described herein. Additionally or alternatively, network entities 102, 104, and 106 or another network entity described herein may include one or more apparatuses 200 and / or one or more components of apparatus 200. For example, in some aspects, apparatus 200 may include means configured to perform wireless communication methods (e.g., devices, device components, modems, chips, and / or a set of device components, etc.), as described herein. In some aspects, apparatus 200 may be a processing system of a network entity (e.g., processing system 110 and / or processing system 112). Figure 2As shown, device 200 may include components such as bus 205, processor 210, memory 215, input component 220, output component 225, communication interface 230, communication manager 235, modulation component 240, and / or demodulation component 245. Any or more of components 205, 210, 215, 220, 225, 230, 235, 240, and / or 245 may be implemented in hardware, software, or a combination of hardware and software.

[0071] Bus 205 includes components that enable communication between the various components of device 200. Processor 210 includes a central processing unit (CPU), graphics processing unit (GPU), accelerated processing unit (APU), digital signal processor (DSP), microprocessor, microcontroller, field-programmable gate array (FPGA), application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), and / or another type of processing component. In some aspects, processor 210 includes one or more processors that can be programmed to perform functions.

[0072] Memory 215 includes random access memory, read-only memory (ROM), and / or another type of dynamic or static storage device (e.g., flash memory, magnetic storage, and / or optical storage) that stores information and / or instructions for use by processor 210. Memory 215 may store other information and / or software related to the operation and use of device 200. For example, memory 215 may include hard disks (e.g., magnetic disks, optical disks, magneto-optical disks, and / or solid-state disks), compact optical disks (CDs), digital versatile optical disks (DVDs), floppy disks, cartridges, magnetic tapes, and / or another type of non-transitory computer-readable media.

[0073] Input component 220 includes components that allow device 200 to receive information, such as via user input. For example, input component 220 may be associated with a user interface as described herein (e.g., to allow a user to interact with one or more features of device 200). Input component 220 may include a capacitive touchscreen display capable of receiving user input. Input component 220 may include a keyboard, keypad, mouse, buttons, switches, and / or microphone, etc. Additionally or alternatively, input component 220 may include sensors for sensing information (e.g., vision sensors, position sensors, accelerometers, gyroscopes, and / or actuators, etc.). In some aspects, input component 220 may include a camera (e.g., a high-resolution camera and / or a low-resolution camera, etc.). Output component 225 may include components that provide output from device 200 (e.g., a display, speaker, and / or one or more light-emitting diodes (LEDs, etc.).

[0074] Communication interface 230 may include transmitting and / or receiving components. For example, communication interface 230 may include a transceiver and / or one or more separate receivers and / or transmitters, enabling device 200 to communicate with other devices, such as via a wired connection, a wireless connection, or a combination of wired and wireless connections. In some aspects, the communication interface may include one or more radio frequency reflective elements and / or one or more radio frequency refractive elements. Communication interface 230 may permit device 200 to receive information from and / or provide information to another device. For example, communication interface 230 may include an Ethernet interface, an optical interface, a coaxial interface, an infrared interface, an RF interface, a Universal Serial Bus (USB) interface, a Wi-Fi interface, a cellular network interface, a wireless modem, or an internal integrated circuit (I / O). 2 C) and / or Serial Peripheral Interface (SPI), etc.

[0075] Communication manager 235 may include hardware, software, or a combination of hardware and software configured to cause device 200 to perform one or more communication tasks associated with communication manager 114 and / or communication interface 116 or communication interface 230. Similarly, communication manager 235 may include hardware, software, or a combination of hardware and software configured to cause device 200 to perform one or more communication tasks associated with communication manager 118 and / or communication interface 120 or communication interface 230. In some aspects, communication manager 235 may be, similar to, or include... Figure 1 The communication manager 114 and / or communication manager 118 are depicted, or are included therein. In some aspects, the communication manager 235 may include a processor 210, a memory 215, an input component 220, an output component 225, a communication interface 230, a modulation component 240 and / or a demodulation component 245 and / or one or more aspects thereof.

[0076] Modulation component 240 may include hardware, software, or a combination of hardware and software configured to cause device 200 to modulate and / or encode information. For example, as described in more detail elsewhere herein, modulation component 240 may use keying modulation (e.g., OOK or FSK modulation) to encode first information and may use FMCW modulation to encode second information. The first and second information may be associated with different layers of the same communication. Demodulation component 245 may include hardware, software, or a combination of hardware and software configured to cause device 200 to demodulate, detect, and / or decode information. For example, as described in more detail elsewhere herein, demodulation component 245 may use keying modulation (e.g., OOK or FSK modulation) to detect, decode, and / or demodulate a first layer of communication to obtain first information. Demodulation component 245 may use FMCW modulation to detect, decode, and / or demodulate a second layer of communication to obtain second information.

[0077] As indicated above, Figure 2 This is provided as an example. Other examples are available with reference to [the relevant information]. Figure 2 The examples described are different.

[0078] As described above, in some respects, Figure 1 The network 108 depicted herein may include a cellular network containing a RAT. While some aspects may be described herein using terms commonly associated with 5G or NR RATs, aspects of this disclosure may be applied to other RATs, such as 3G RATs, 4G RATs, and / or 5G and later (e.g., 6G) RATs.

[0079] Figure 3 This is a diagram illustrating an example of a wireless network 300 according to the present disclosure. The wireless network 300 may be or may include elements of a 4G (e.g., LTE) network, a 5G (e.g., NR) network, and / or a 6G network. The wireless network 300 may include one or more network nodes 310 (shown as network node 310a, network node 310b, network node 310c, and network node 310d), one or more UEs 320 (shown as UE 320a, UE 320b, UE 320c, UE 320d, and UE 320e), and / or other entities. Network node 310 is a network node that communicates with UE 320. As shown, network node 310 may include one or more network nodes. For example, network node 310 may be an aggregated network node, meaning that the aggregated network node is configured to utilize a radio protocol stack physically or logically integrated within a single radio access network (RAN) node (e.g., within a single device or unit). For example, network node 310 can be a decomposed network node (sometimes referred to as a decomposed base station), which means that network node 310 is configured to utilize a protocol stack that is physically or logically distributed among two or more nodes (such as one or more CUs, one or more DUs, or one or more RUs).

[0080] In some examples, network node 310 is or includes network nodes (such as RU) that communicate with UE 320 via a radio access link. In some examples, network node 310 is or includes network nodes (such as DU) that communicate with other network nodes 310 via a fronthaul or midhaul link. In some examples, network node 310 is or includes network nodes (such as CU) that communicate with other network nodes 310 via a midhaul link or with the core network via a backhaul link. In some examples, network node 310 (such as aggregated network node 310 or decomposed network node 310) may include multiple network nodes, such as one or more RUs, one or more CUs, and / or one or more DUs. Network node 310 may include, for example, NR base stations, LTE base stations, Node Bs, eNBs (e.g., in 4G), gNBs (e.g., in 5G), access points, Transmit / Receive Points (TRPs), DUs, RUs, CUs, network mobility elements, core network nodes, network elements, network equipment, RAN nodes, or combinations thereof. In some examples, network nodes 310 can interconnect with each other or with one or more other network nodes 310 in the wireless network 300 using any suitable transport network through various types of fronthaul, midhaul, and / or backhaul interfaces (such as direct physical connections, air interfaces, or virtual networks).

[0081] In some examples, network node 310 may provide communication coverage for a specific geographic area. In the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP), depending on the context of terminology use, the term "cell" may refer to the coverage area of ​​network node 310 and / or the network node subsystem serving that coverage area. Network node 310 may provide communication coverage for macrocells, picocells, femtocells, and / or another type of cell. A macrocell may cover a relatively large geographic area (e.g., with a radius of several kilometers) and may allow unrestricted access by UE 320 with a service subscription. A picocell may cover a relatively small geographic area and may allow unrestricted access by UE 320 with a service subscription. A femtocell may cover a relatively small geographic area (e.g., a home) and may allow restricted access by UE 320 associated with the femtocell (e.g., UE 320 in a Closed Subscriber Group (CSG)). Network node 310 used for macrocells may be referred to as a macro network node. Network node 310 used for picocells may be referred to as a pico network node. The network node 310 used for femtocells can be referred to as a femtocell network node or a home network node. Figure 3In the example shown, network node 310a can be a macro network node for macro cell 302a, network node 310b can be a pico network node for pico cell 302b, and network node 310c can be a femto network node for femto cell 302c. Network nodes can support one or more (e.g., three) cells. In some examples, the cells may not necessarily be stationary, and the geographical area of ​​the cells may move depending on the location of the mobile network node 310 (e.g., a mobile network node).

[0082] In some aspects, the term "base station" or "network entity" may refer to an aggregated base station, a decomposed base station, an IAB node, a relay node, or one or more components thereof. For example, in some aspects, "base station" or "network entity" may refer to a CU, DU, RU, near real-time (near RT) RAN Intelligent Controller (RIC), or a non-real-time (non-RT) RIC, or a combination thereof. In some aspects, the term "base station" or "network entity" may refer to a device configured to perform one or more functions (such as those described herein in conjunction with network node 310). In some aspects, the term "base station" or "network entity" may refer to multiple devices configured to perform one or more functions. For example, in some distributed systems, each of multiple different devices (which may be located in the same geographical location or different geographical locations) may be configured to perform at least a portion of a function, or to repeat the performance of at least a portion of that function, and the term "base station" or "network entity" may refer to any one or more of these different devices. In some aspects, the term "base station" or "network entity" may refer to one or more virtual base stations or one or more virtual base station functions. For example, in some aspects, two or more base station functions may be instantiated on a single device. In some respects, the term "base station" or "network entity" may refer to one base station function within a base station functionality, rather than another. In this way, a single device may include more than one base station.

[0083] The wireless network 300 may include one or more relay stations. A relay station is a network node that can receive data transmissions from upstream nodes (e.g., network node 310 or UE 320) and transmit data to downstream nodes (e.g., UE 320 or network node 310). A relay station may be a UE 320 that can relay transmissions to other UE 320s. Figure 3 In the example shown, network node 310d (e.g., a relay network node) can communicate with network node 310a (e.g., a macro network node) and UE 320d to facilitate communication between network node 310a and UE 320d. The network node 310 for relay communication may be referred to as a relay station, relay base station, relay network node, relay node, repeater, etc.

[0084] The wireless network 300 can be a heterogeneous network, comprising different types of network nodes 310, such as macro network nodes, pico network nodes, femto network nodes, relay network nodes, etc. These different types of network nodes 310 can have different transmit power levels, different coverage areas, and / or different effects on interference in the wireless network 300. For example, macro network nodes can have high transmit power levels (e.g., 5 watts to 40 watts), while pico network nodes, femto network nodes, and relay network nodes can have lower transmit power levels (e.g., 0.1 watts to 2 watts).

[0085] Network controller 330 may be coupled to or communicate with a group of network nodes 310, and may provide coordination and control for these network nodes 310. Network controller 330 may communicate with network nodes 310 via a backhaul or midhaul communication link. Network nodes 310 may also communicate directly with each other, or indirectly via a wireless or wired backhaul communication link. In some aspects, network controller 330 may be a CU or a core network device, or may include a CU or a core network device.

[0086] For example, in some aspects, wireless network 300 may be, include, or be included in a wireless backhaul network (sometimes referred to as an IAB network). In an IAB network, at least one network entity (e.g., network node 310) may be an anchor base station communicating with the core network via a wired backhaul link (such as a fiber optic connection). An anchor base station may also be referred to as an IAB donor (or IAB-donor), central entity, central unit, etc. An IAB network may include one or more non-anchor base stations (sometimes referred to as relay base stations or IAB nodes (or IAB-nodes)). Non-anchor base stations may communicate directly or indirectly with anchor base stations via one or more backhaul links (e.g., via one or more non-anchor base stations) to form a backhaul path to the core network for carrying backhaul services. The backhaul link may be a wireless link. Anchor base stations and / or non-anchor base stations may communicate with one or more UEs (e.g., UE 320) via an access link, which may be a wireless link for carrying access services.

[0087] In some aspects, radio access networks, including IAB networks, can utilize millimeter-wave technology and / or directional communication (e.g., beamforming, pre-decoding, etc.) for communication between base stations and / or UEs (e.g., between two base stations, between two UEs, and / or between a base station and a UE). For example, radio backhaul links between base stations can use millimeter waves to carry information and / or can use beamforming, pre-decoding, etc., to be directed toward a target base station. Similarly, radio access links between a UE and a base station can use millimeter waves and / or be directed toward a target network entity (e.g., the UE and / or the base station). In this way, inter-link interference can be reduced.

[0088] An IAB network may include IAB donors connected to a core network via a wired connection (e.g., wired backhaul). For example, the Ng interface of an IAB donor may terminate at the core network. Additionally or alternatively, an IAB donor may connect to one or more devices in the core network that provide core access and mobility management functions (AMF). In some aspects, an IAB donor may include network node 310, such as an anchor base station. An IAB donor may include a CU capable of performing access node controller (ANC) functions and / or AMF functions. The CU may configure the DU of the IAB donor and / or may configure one or more IAB nodes (e.g., mobile terminal (MT) functions and / or DU functions of the IAB nodes) connected to the core network via the IAB donor. Thus, the CU of the IAB donor may control and / or configure the entire IAB network (or a portion thereof) connected to the core network via the IAB donor, for example, by using control messages and / or configuration messages (e.g., Radio Resource Control (RRC) configuration messages or F1 Application Protocol (F1AP) messages).

[0089] The MT (Mediator Function) of an IAB node (e.g., a child node) may be controlled and / or scheduled by another IAB node (e.g., the parent node of the child node) and / or by an IAB donor. The DU (Distribution Function) of an IAB node (e.g., a parent node) may control and / or schedule other IAB nodes (e.g., child nodes of the parent node) and / or UE 320. Therefore, a DU may be referred to as a scheduling node or scheduling component, and an MT may be referred to as a scheduled node or scheduled component. In some aspects, an IAB donor may include DU functionality but not MT functionality. That is, an IAB donor may configure, control, and / or schedule communication between IAB nodes and / or UE 320. UE 320 may include only MT functionality and not DU functionality. That is, communication of UE 320 may be controlled and / or scheduled by an IAB donor and / or an IAB node (e.g., the parent node of UE 320).

[0090] When a first node controls and / or schedules the communication of a second node (e.g., when the first node provides DU functionality for the MT function of the second node), the first node may be referred to as the parent node of the second node, and the second node may be referred to as the child node of the first node. The child node of the second node may be referred to as the grandchild node of the first node. Therefore, the DU functionality of the parent node can control and / or schedule the communication of the child node for that parent node. The parent node may be an IAB donor or an IAB node, and the child node may be an IAB node or UE 320. The communication of the MT function of the child node may be controlled and / or scheduled by the parent node of that child node.

[0091] The link between UE 320 and the IAB donor, or between UE 320 and an IAB node, can be referred to as an access link. An access link can be a radio access link that provides radio access to the core network to UE 320 via the IAB donor and optionally via one or more IAB nodes. Therefore, the radio network 300 can be referred to as a multi-hop network or a wireless multi-hop network.

[0092] A link between an IAB donor and an IAB node, or between two IAB nodes, can be referred to as a backhaul link. A backhaul link can be a wireless backhaul link that provides radio access to the core network to an IAB node via an IAB donor and optionally via one or more other IAB nodes. In an IAB network, network resources used for wireless communication (e.g., time resources, frequency resources, and / or spatial resources) can be shared between the access link and the backhaul link. In some aspects, a backhaul link can be a primary backhaul link or a secondary backhaul link (e.g., a backup backhaul link). In some aspects, a secondary backhaul link can be used if the primary backhaul link fails, becomes congested, and / or becomes overloaded, etc.

[0093] UE 320 may be distributed throughout the wireless network 300, and each UE 320 may be stationary or mobile. UE 320 may include, for example, access terminals, terminals, mobile stations, and / or subscriber units. UE 320 may be a cellular phone (e.g., a smartphone), a personal digital assistant (PDA), a wireless modem, a wireless communication device, a handheld device, a laptop computer, a cordless phone, a wireless local loop (WLL) station, a tablet computer, a camera, a gaming device, a netbook, a smartbook, an ultrabook, a medical device, a biometric device, a wearable device (e.g., a smartwatch, smart clothing, smart glasses, a smart wristband, smart jewelry (e.g., a smart ring or smart bracelet)), an entertainment device (e.g., a music device, a video device, and / or a satellite radio), a vehicle component or sensor, a smart meter / sensor, industrial manufacturing equipment, a GPS device, a UE function of a network node, and / or any other suitable device configured to communicate via wireless or wired media.

[0094] Some UEs 320 may be considered Machine-Type Communication (MTC) or Evolved or Enhanced Machine-Type Communication (eMTC) UEs. MTC UEs and / or eMTC UEs may include, for example, robots, drones, remote devices, sensors, meters, monitors, and / or location tags that can communicate with network nodes, another device (e.g., a remote device), or some other entity. Some UEs 320 may be considered Internet of Things (IoT) devices, and / or may be implemented as NB-IoT (Narrowband IoT) devices. Some UEs 320 may be considered customer premises equipment. UEs 320 may be contained within a housing that houses components of the UE 320, such as processor components and / or memory components. In some examples, the processor components and memory components may be coupled together. For example, the processor components (e.g., one or more processors) and memory components (e.g., memory) may be operatively coupled, communicatively coupled, electronically coupled, and / or electrically coupled.

[0095] Some network nodes may have a reduced feature set compared to other network nodes. Network nodes with a reduced feature set may be referred to as Reduced Capability (RedCap) nodes, low-level nodes, NR-Lite nodes, IoT nodes, environmental IoT nodes, passive nodes, endpoints (e.g., RFID devices, tags, or similar devices), and / or nodes capable of energy harvesting, etc. For example, nodes with a reduced feature set may support a lower maximum modulation and decoding scheme (MCS) than other nodes (e.g., support Quadrature Phase Shift Keying (QPSK) compared to 256-Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (QAM), may support a lower maximum transmit power, may have less advanced beamforming capabilities (e.g., may not be able to form as many beams as other nodes), may require longer processing times, may include less hardware (e.g., fewer antennas, fewer RF components, fewer transmit antennas, and / or fewer receive antennas), and / or may not be able to communicate over a wide maximum bandwidth, etc.

[0096] Generally, any number of wireless networks 300 can be deployed in a given geographical area. Each wireless network 300 can support a specific RAT and can operate on one or more frequencies. A RAT may be referred to as a radio technology, air interface, etc. A frequency may be referred to as a carrier, frequency channel, etc. Each frequency in a given geographical area can support a single RAT to avoid interference between wireless networks using different RATs. In some cases, NR or 5G RAT networks can be deployed.

[0097] In some examples, two or more UEs 320 may communicate directly using one or more sidelink channels (e.g., without using network node 310 as an intermediary for communication with each other). For example, UE 320a may communicate with UE 320e via one or more sidelink channels. UEs 320 may communicate using peer-to-peer (P2P) communication, device-to-device (D2D) communication, vehicle-to-everything (V2X) protocols (e.g., which may include vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V), vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I), or vehicle-to-pedestrian (V2P) protocols) and / or mesh networks. In such examples, UEs 320 may perform scheduling operations, resource selection operations, and / or other operations described elsewhere herein as being performed by network node 310.

[0098] Devices in Wireless Network 300 can communicate using the electromagnetic spectrum, which can be subdivided into various categories, bands, channels, etc., based on frequency or wavelength. For example, devices in Wireless Network 300 can communicate using one or more operating frequency bands. In 5G NR, two initial operating frequency bands have been designated as frequency ranges FR1 (410MHz to 7.125GHz) and FR2 (24.25GHz to 52.6GHz). Although a portion of FR1 is greater than 6GHz, in various documents and articles, FR1 is often (interchangeably) referred to as the "sub-6GHz" band. Similar naming issues sometimes occur with FR2, which is often (interchangeably) referred to as the "millimeter wave" band in documents and articles, although this is different from the Extremely High Frequency (EHF) band (30GHz to 300GHz) designated as "millimeter wave" by the International Telecommunication Union (ITU).

[0099] The frequencies between FR1 and FR2 can be referred to as mid-band frequencies. Recent 5G NR studies have identified the operating bands used for these mid-band frequencies as the frequency range designation FR3 (7.125 GHz to 24.25 GHz). Bands falling within FR3 can inherit FR1 and / or FR2 characteristics, and thus effectively extend the features of FR1 and / or FR2 to mid-band frequencies. Furthermore, higher frequency bands are currently being explored to extend 5G NR operation beyond 52.6 GHz. For example, three higher operating frequency bands have been identified as the frequency range designations FR4a or FR4-1 (52.6 GHz to 71 GHz), FR4 (52.6 GHz to 114.25 GHz), and FR5 (114.25 GHz to 300 GHz). Each of these higher frequency bands falls within the EHF band.

[0100] Considering the examples above, unless otherwise specifically stated, the term "below 6 GHz" as used herein can broadly refer to frequencies less than 6 GHz, within FR1, or including intermediate frequency band frequencies. Furthermore, unless otherwise specifically stated, the term "millimeter wave" as used herein can broadly refer to frequencies that can include intermediate frequency band frequencies, within FR2, FR4, FR4-a, or FR4-1 and / or FR5, or within the EHF band. Frequencies included in these operating frequency bands (e.g., FR1, FR2, FR3, FR4, FR4-a, FR4-1, and / or FR5) can be modified, and the techniques described herein are applicable to those modified frequency ranges.

[0101] As described above, in some respects, network entities (e.g., Figure 1 The network entities 102, 104, and / or 106 depicted herein can be implemented in a wireless communication environment. For example, in some aspects, the network node can be implemented as a UE, a base station, a relay device, and / or a TRP, etc. In some such aspects, such as Figure 3 As shown, UE 320a may include a communication manager 340 and / or a transceiver, and network node 310a may include a communication manager 350 and / or a transceiver. In some aspects, the communication manager 340 and / or 350 may be, similar to, or include... Figure 1 The communication manager 114 and / or communication manager 118 and / or described in the text Figure 2 The communication manager 235 depicted herein, or included therein, may be, in some respects, similar to, or include the transceiver. Figure 1 The communication interface 116 and / or communication interface 120 depicted herein, or included therein, may be included in or incorporated therein. In some aspects, the transceiver may include or be included in... Figure 2 The communication interface 230 is depicted in the diagram. In some aspects, UE 320a may include a processing system (e.g., similar to processing system 110 and / or processing system 112). In some aspects, network node 310 may include a processing system (e.g., similar to processing system 110 and / or processing system 112).

[0102] In some respects, UE 320 may include a communications manager 340. As described in more detail elsewhere herein, communications manager 340 may: receive communications from a second network entity that include first-layer communications indicating first information and second-layer communications indicating second information; demodulate the first layer using keying modulation to obtain the first information; and / or demodulate the second layer using FMCW modulation to obtain the second information. Additionally or alternatively, communications manager 340 may perform one or more other operations described herein.

[0103] In some respects, network node 310 may include communication manager 350. As described in more detail elsewhere herein, communication manager 350 may: encode first information using keying modulation; encode second information using FMCW modulation; and / or transmit communications including a first layer indicating the first information and a second layer indicating the second information. Additionally or alternatively, communication manager 350 may perform one or more other operations described herein.

[0104] As indicated above, Figure 3 This is provided as an example. Other examples are available with reference to [the relevant information]. Figure 3 The examples described are different.

[0105] Figure 4 This illustrates, according to the present disclosure, the inclusion of wireless communication with network entity 404 (e.g., via such as...) Figure 1 The network 108 and / or depicted in Figure 3 The diagram illustrates the environment of network entity 402 (of the wireless network 300 depicted). Network entity 402 may be equipped with a set of antennas 406a to 406t, such as T antennas (T ≥ 1). Network entity 404 may be equipped with a set of antennas 408a to 408r, such as R antennas (R ≥ 1).

[0106] At network entity 402, transmitting processor 410 may receive data from data source 412 intended for use or otherwise destined for network entity 404 (or a set of network entities 404). Transmitting processor 410 may select one or more MCSs for network entity 404 based on one or more Channel Quality Indicators (CQIs) received from network entity 404. Network entity 402 may process (e.g., encode and modulate) data for network entity 404 based on the MCS selected for network entity 404 and may provide data symbols for network entity 404. Transmitting processor 410 may process system information (e.g., semi-static resource partitioning information (SRPI)) and control information (e.g., CQI requests, grants, and / or upper-layer signaling) and provide overhead symbols and control symbols. Transmitting processor 410 may generate reference symbols for reference signals (e.g., cell-specific reference signals (CRS) or demodulation reference signals (DMRS)) and synchronization signals (e.g., primary synchronization signal (PSS) or secondary synchronization signal (SSS)). The transmit (TX) multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) processor 414 can perform spatial processing (e.g., pre-decoding) on ​​data symbols, control symbols, overhead symbols, and / or reference symbols, where applicable, and can provide a set of output symbol streams (e.g., T output symbol streams) to a set of corresponding modems 416a to 416t (e.g., T modems). For example, each output symbol stream can be provided to the modulator component (shown as MOD) of a modem in the set of modems 416a to 416t. Each modem in the set of modems 416a to 416t can use a corresponding modulator component to process the corresponding output symbol stream (e.g., for OFDM) to obtain an output sample stream. Each modem in the set of modems 416a to 416t can further use a corresponding modulator component to process (e.g., convert to analog, amplify, filter, and / or up-convert) the output sample stream to obtain a signal. One or more modems in the set of modems 416a to 416t can transmit a set of signals (e.g., T signals) via corresponding antennas in the set of antennas 406a to 406t. This signal may include, for example, a downlink signal.

[0107] At network entity 404, one or more antennas from the set of antennas 408a to 408r can receive signals from network entity 402 and / or network nodes, and can provide a set of received signals (e.g., R received signals) to one or more modems from the set of modems 418a to 418r (e.g., R modems). For example, each received signal can be provided to the demodulator component (shown as DEMOD) of the corresponding modem in the set of modems 418a to 418r. Each modem in the set of modems 418a to 418r can use the corresponding demodulator component to condition (e.g., filter, amplify, down-convert, and / or digitize) the received signal to obtain an input sample. Each modem in the set of modems 418a to 418r can use the demodulator component to further process the input sample (e.g., for OFDM) to obtain the received symbol. The MIMO detector 420 can obtain received symbols from one or more of the set of modems 418a to 418r, perform MIMO detection on the received symbols where applicable, and provide the detected symbols.

[0108] The receiver processor 422 can process (e.g., demodulate and decode) the detected symbols, provide decoded data for network entity 404 to data sink 424, and provide decoded control information and system information to controller / processor 426. The term "controller / processor" can refer to one or more controllers, one or more processors, or a combination thereof. Controller / processor 426 can be, similar to, include, or be included in... Figure 2 In the processor 210 depicted, the controller / processor 426 can determine parameters such as the received reference signal power (RSRP), received signal strength indicator (RSSI), received reference signal quality (RSRQ), and / or CQI.

[0109] Network controller 428 may include communication unit 430, controller / processor 432, and memory 434. Network controller 428 may be, similar to, include, or be included in... Figure 3 The network controller 330 is depicted in the diagram. The network controller 428 may include one or more devices, such as those in the core network. The network controller 428 may communicate with the network entity 402 via the communication unit 430.

[0110] One or more antennas (e.g., antennas 406a to 406t and / or antennas 408a to 408r) may include one or more antenna panels, one or more antenna groups, a set or more sets of antenna elements and / or one or more antenna arrays, etc., or may be included therein. Antenna panels, antenna groups, a set of antenna elements and / or antenna arrays may include one or more antenna elements (within a single or multiple housings such as housing 484), a set of coplanar antenna elements, a set of non-coplanar antenna elements and / or coupled to one or more transmitting and / or receiving components (such as...) Figure 4 One or more antenna elements (one or more components).

[0111] Similarly, at network entity 404, transmit processor 436 may receive and process data from data source 438 and control information from controller / processor 426 (e.g., for reports including RSRP, RSSI, RSRQ, and / or CQI). Transmit processor 436 may generate reference symbols for one or more reference signals. Symbols from transmit processor 436 may be pre-decoded by TX MIMO processor 440 where applicable, and further processed by one or more modems from a set of modems 418a to 418r (e.g., for Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT) Extended OFDM (DFT-s-OFDM) or CP-OFDM), and transmitted to network entity 402. In some examples, each modem in the set of modems 418a to 418r of network entity 404 may include a modulator and a demodulator. Network entity 404 may include communication manager 458. Communication manager 458 may be, or may be similar to, communication manager 114, communication manager 118, communication manager 235, communication manager 340, and / or communication manager 350. In some examples, network entity 404 includes a transceiver. The transceiver may include any combination of antennas 408a to 408r, modems 418a to 418r, MIMO detector 420, receive processor 422, transmit processor 436, and / or TX MIMO processor 440. The transceiver may be, similar to, or include Figure 1 The communication interface 116 and / or communication interface 120 and / or described in the figure Figure 2 The communication interface 230 depicted herein, or included therein, may be used by a processor (e.g., controller / processor 426) and / or memory 442 to execute this document (e.g., reference). Figures 7 to 18 ( ) any aspect of the methods described in the method.

[0112] At network entity 402, signals from network entity 404 and / or other network nodes may be received by one or more antennas from the set of antennas 406a to 406t, processed by one or more modems (e.g., demodulator components, shown as DEMOD) from the set of modems 416a to 416t, detected by MIMO detector 444 where applicable, and further processed by receiver processor 446 to obtain decoded data and control information transmitted by network entity 404. Receiver processor 446 may provide the decoded data to data sink 448 and the decoded control information to controller / processor 450. Network entity 402 may include communication unit 452 and may communicate with network controller 428 via communication unit 452. Network entity 402 may include communication manager 460. Communication manager 460 may be, or may be similar to, communication manager 114, communication manager 118, communication manager 235, communication manager 340, and / or communication manager 350. Network entity 402 may include a scheduler 454 to schedule one or more network entities 404 for downlink and / or uplink communication. In some examples, one or more modems from the set of modems 416a to 416t of network entity 402 may include a modulator and a demodulator. In some examples, network entity 402 includes a transceiver. The transceiver may include any combination of antennas 406a to 406t, modems 416a to 416t, MIMO detector 444, receive processor 446, transmit processor 410, and / or TXMIMO processor 414. The transceiver may be, similar to, or include... Figure 1 The communication interface 116 and / or communication interface 120 and / or described in the figure Figure 2 The communication interface 230 depicted herein, or included therein, may be used by a processor (e.g., controller / processor 450) and memory 456 to execute this document (e.g., reference). Figures 7 to 18 ( ) any aspect of the methods described in the method.

[0113] When referring to one or more elements that perform functions (e.g., steps of a method), one element may perform all functions, or more than one element may jointly perform these functions. When more than one element jointly performs these functions, each function does not need to be performed by every single element (e.g., different functions may be performed by different elements), and / or each function does not need to be performed by only one element as a whole (e.g., different elements may perform different sub-functions of a function). Similarly, when referring to one or more elements configured to cause another element (e.g., a device) to perform functions, one element may be configured to cause another element to perform all functions, or more than one element may be jointly configured to cause another element to perform these functions.

[0114] When referring to an entity that performs or is configured to perform functions (e.g., steps of a method) (e.g., any entity or device described herein), the entity may be configured to cause one or more elements (individually or collectively) to perform those functions. One or more components of the entity may include at least one memory, at least one processor, at least one communication interface, another component configured to perform one or more of those functions, and / or any combination thereof. When referring to an entity that performs functions, the entity may be configured to cause one component to perform all functions, or to cause more than one component to perform those functions collectively. When the entity is configured to cause more than one component to perform those functions collectively, each function does not need to be performed by every single component (e.g., different functions may be performed by different components), and / or each function does not need to be performed by only one component as a whole (e.g., different components may perform different sub-functions of a function).

[0115] The controller / processor 450 of network entity 402, the controller / processor 426 of network entity 404 and / or Figure 4 Any other component may perform one or more techniques associated with hierarchical modulation communication, as described in more detail elsewhere herein. For example, the controller / processor 450 of network entity 402, the controller / processor 426 of network entity 404, and / or Figure 4 Any other component can execute or direct, for example Figure 15 Process 1500 Figure 16 The operation of process 1600 and / or other processes as described herein. Memory 442 and memory 456 may store data and program code for network entity 402 and network entity 404, respectively. In some examples, memory 442 and / or memory 456 may include a non-transitory computer-readable medium storing one or more instructions (e.g., code and / or program code) for wireless communication. For example, the one or more instructions may cause the one or more processors, network entity 404 and / or network entity 402 to perform or direct, for example, when executed by one or more corresponding processors of network entity 402 and / or network entity 404 (e.g., direct execution, or execution after compilation, transformation, and / or interpretation). Figure 15 Process 1500 Figure 16 The operation of process 1600 and / or other processes as described herein. In some examples, the execution instructions may include run instructions, transform instructions, compile instructions and / or interpret instructions, etc.

[0116] In some aspects, the first network entity (e.g., network entity 402 or network entity 404) includes: components for receiving communication from the second network entity, including a first layer indicating first information and a second layer indicating second information; components for demodulating the first layer using keying modulation to obtain the first information; and / or components for demodulating the second layer using FMCW modulation to obtain the second information. In some aspects, the components for the first network entity to perform the operations described herein may include, for example, a processing system (e.g., processing system 110 or processing system 112), device 200, one or more components of device 200, a communication manager 458, an antenna 408, a modem 418, a MIMO detector 420, a receive processor 422, a transmit processor 436, a TX MIMO processor 440, a controller / processor 426, a memory 442, a communication interface 116, a communication interface 120 and / or a communication interface 230, and one or more of the other examples.

[0117] In some aspects, the first network entity (e.g., network entity 402 or network entity 404) includes: components for encoding first information using keying modulation; components for encoding second information using FMCW modulation; and / or components for transmitting communication including a first layer indicating the first information and a second layer indicating the second information. In some aspects, the components for the first network entity to perform the operations described herein may include, for example, a processing system (e.g., processing system 110 or processing system 112), device 200, one or more components of device 200, a communication manager 460, a transmit processor 410, a TX MIMO processor 414, a modem 416, an antenna 406, a MIMO detector 444, a receive processor 446, a controller / processor 450, a memory 456, a scheduler 454, a communication interface 116, a communication interface 120 and / or a communication interface 230, and one or more of the other examples.

[0118] Although Figure 4 The boxes in the diagram are illustrated as different components, but the functions described above with respect to these boxes may be implemented in a single hardware, software, or combined component, or in various combinations of components. For example, the functions described with respect to transmit processor 436, receive processor 422, and / or TX MIMO processor 440 may be performed by or under the control of controller / processor 426. Figure 4 Any number of other combinations of the various combinations of components described herein may be considered within the scope of this disclosure.

[0119] As indicated above, Figure 4 This is provided as an example. Other examples are available with reference to [the relevant information]. Figure 4 The examples described are different.

[0120] Communication systems (such as 5G NR systems) can be deployed in various ways with a variety of components or parts. In a 5G NR system or network, network nodes, network entities, network mobility elements, RAN nodes, core network nodes, network elements, base stations, or network equipment can be implemented in either a converged or decomposed architecture. For example, a base station (such as a Node B (NB), evolved NB (eNB), NR base station, 5G NB, access point (AP), TRP, or cell, etc.) or one or more units (or components) performing base station functionality can be implemented as a converged base station (also known as a standalone base station or monolithic base station) or a decomposed base station. A "network entity" or "network node" can refer to a decomposed base station or one or more units of a decomposed base station (such as one or more CUs, one or more DUs, one or more RUs, or combinations thereof).

[0121] Aggregated base stations (e.g., aggregated network nodes) can be configured to utilize a radio protocol stack that is physically or logically integrated within a single RAN node (e.g., within a single device or cell). Decomposed base stations (e.g., decomposed network nodes) can be configured to utilize a protocol stack that is physically or logically distributed across two or more cells (such as one or more CUs, one or more DUs, or one or more RUs). In some examples, the CU may be implemented within a network node, and one or more DUs may be co-located with the CU, or alternatively, may be geographically or virtually distributed across one or more other network entities. DUs may be implemented to communicate with one or more RUs. Each of the CUs, DUs, and RUs may also be implemented as a virtual cell, such as a Virtual Central Unit (VCU), a Virtual Distributed Unit (VDU), or a Virtual Radio Unit (VRU), etc.

[0122] Base station type operation or network design can take into account the aggregation characteristics of base station functionality. For example, decomposed base stations can be utilized in IAB networks, Open Radio Access Networks (O-RAN (such as network configurations initiated by the O-RAN Alliance)), or Virtualized Radio Access Networks (vRAN, also known as Cloud Radio Access Networks (C-RAN)) to facilitate the scaling of communication systems by separating base station functionality into one or more units that can be deployed independently. Decomposed base stations can include functionality implemented across two or more units at various physical locations, as well as functionality virtually implemented for at least one unit, which enables flexibility in network design. Each unit of a decomposed base station can be configured for wired or wireless communication with at least one other unit of the decomposed base station.

[0123] As used herein, "outputting" or "transmitting" communication from a first network entity to a second network entity can mean direct transmission (e.g., from the first network entity to the second network entity) or indirect transmission via one or more other network entities or devices. For example, if the first network entity is a DU, indirect transmission to the second network entity can include the DU outputting or transmitting communication to an RU and the RU transmitting communication to the second network entity, or it can include causing the RU to transmit communication (e.g., triggering the transmission of a physical layer reference signal). Similarly, "transmitting" communication from a second network entity to a first network entity can mean direct transmission (e.g., from the second network entity to the first network entity) or indirect transmission via one or more other network entities or devices. For example, if the first network entity is a DU, indirect transmission to the first network entity can include the second network entity transmitting communication to an RU and the RU transmitting communication to the DU. Similarly, "receiving" communication by a first network entity can mean directly receiving a transmission carrying communication (e.g., from the second network entity to the first network entity) or receiving communication (or information derived from the reception of communication) via one or more other network entities or devices.

[0124] Figure 5 This is a diagram illustrating an example disaggregated base station architecture 500 according to this disclosure. The disaggregated base station architecture 500 may include a CU 510, which may communicate directly with the core network 520 via a backhaul link, or indirectly with the core network 520 via one or more disaggregated control units (such as a near-RT RIC 525 via an E2 link, or a non-RT RIC 515 associated with a Service Management and Orchestration (SMO) framework 505, or both). The CU 510 may communicate with one or more DUs 530 via a corresponding midhaul link (such as via an F1 interface). Each DU 530 may communicate with one or more RUs 540 via a corresponding fronthaul link. Each RU 540 may communicate with one or more UEs 320 via a corresponding RF access link. In some implementations, a UE 320 may be served simultaneously by multiple RUs 540.

[0125] Each unit in the units including CU 510, DU 530, RU 540, and near-RT RIC 525, non-RT RIC 515, and SMO frame 505 may include one or more interfaces, or be coupled to one or more interfaces configured to receive or transmit signals, data, or information (collectively, signals) via wired or wireless transmission media. Each unit in the unit, or an associated processor or controller providing instructions to one or more communication interfaces of the corresponding unit, may be configured to communicate with one or more units in other units via transmission media. In some examples, each unit in the unit may include a wired interface and a wireless interface, the wired interface being configured to receive signals via a wired transmission media or transmit signals to one or more units in other units, and the wireless interface may include a receiver, transmitter, or transceiver (such as an RF transceiver) configured to receive signals via a wireless transmission media or transmit signals to one or more units in other units, or both.

[0126] In some aspects, the CU 510 can host one or more higher-level control functions. Such control functions may include RRC functions, Packet Data Convergence Protocol (PDCP) functions, or Service Data Adaptation Protocol (SDAP) functions, etc. Each control function can be implemented using an interface configured to signal to other control functions hosted by the CU 510. The CU 510 can be configured to handle user plane functions (e.g., Central Unit-User Plane (CU-UP) functions), control plane functions (e.g., Central Unit-Control Plane (CU-CP) functions), or combinations thereof. In some implementations, the CU 510 can be logically split into one or more CU-UP units and one or more CU-CP units. When implemented in an O-RAN configuration, the CU-UP units can communicate bidirectionally with the CU-CP units via an interface such as an E1 interface. The CU 510 can be implemented to communicate with the DU530 for network control and signaling purposes, as needed.

[0127] Each DU 530 may correspond to a logical unit comprising one or more base station functions for controlling the operation of one or more RU 540s. In some aspects, the DU 530 may, at least in part, host one or more of the Radio Link Control (RLC) layer, Medium Access Control (MAC) layer, and one or more high physical (PHY) layers, depending on functional splits (such as those defined by 3GPP). In some aspects, the one or more high PHY layers may be implemented by one or more modules for forward error correction (FEC) encoding and decoding, scrambling, and modulation and demodulation, etc. In some aspects, the DU 530 may also host one or more low PHY layers, such as those implemented by one or more modules for Fast Fourier Transform (FFT), Inverse FFT (iFFT), Digital Beamforming, or Physical Random Access Channel (PRACH) extraction and filtering, and other examples. Each layer (which may also be referred to as a module) may be implemented using an interface configured to communicate signals with other layers (and modules) hosted by the DU 530 or with control functions hosted by the CU 510.

[0128] Each RU 540 can implement lower-layer functionality. In some deployments, an RU 540 controlled by a DU 530 can correspond to a logical node that hosts RF processing functions or low-PHY layer functions, such as performing FFT, performing iFFT, digital beamforming, or PRACH extraction and filtering, based on function splitting (e.g., function splitting defined by 3GPP) (such as lower-layer function splitting). In this architecture, each RU 540 can be operated to handle over-the-air (OTA) communications with one or more UEs 320. In some specific implementations, the real-time and non-real-time aspects of control plane and user plane communications with the RU 540 can be controlled by the corresponding DU 530. In some scenarios, this configuration allows each DU 530 and CU 510 to be implemented in a cloud-based RAN architecture, such as a vRAN architecture.

[0129] The SMO framework 505 can be configured to support RAN deployment and provisioning of both non-virtualized and virtualized network elements. For non-virtualized network elements, the SMO framework 505 can be configured to support the deployment of dedicated physical resources for RAN coverage needs, which can be managed via operation and maintenance interfaces such as the O1 interface. For virtualized network elements, the SMO framework 505 can be configured to interact with cloud computing platforms such as the Open Cloud (O-Cloud) platform 590 to perform network element lifecycle management (such as instantiating virtualized network elements) via cloud computing platform interfaces such as the O2 interface. Such virtualized network elements may include, but are not limited to, CU 510, DU 530, RU 540, non-RT RIC 515, and near-RT RIC 525. In some specific implementations, the SMO framework 505 may communicate with hardware aspects of the 4G RAN, such as the Open eNB (O-eNB) 511, via the O1 interface. Additionally, in some implementations, the SMO framework 505 can communicate directly with each of one or more RUs 540 via a corresponding O1 interface. The SMO framework 505 may also include a non-RT RIC 515 configured to support the functionality of the SMO framework 505.

[0130] The non-RT RIC 515 can be configured to include logical functions that enable non-real-time control and optimization of RAN elements and resources, including artificial intelligence / machine learning (AI / ML) workflows for model training and updates, or policy-based guidance for applications / features in the near-RT RIC 525. The non-RT RIC 515 can be coupled to or communicate with the near-RT RIC 525, such as via an A1 interface. The near-RT RIC 525 can be configured to include logical functions that enable near real-time control and optimization of RAN elements and resources via data collection and actions through an interface such as an E2 interface connecting one or more CU 510s, one or more DU 530s, or both, and O-eNBs to the near-RT RIC 525.

[0131] In some implementations, to generate AI / ML models to be deployed in the near-RT RIC 525, the non-RT RIC 515 may receive parameters or external enrichment information from an external server. This information can be utilized by the near-RT RIC 525 and may be received from non-network data sources or network functions at the SMO framework 505 or the non-RT RIC 515. In some examples, the non-RT RIC 515 or near-RT RIC 525 may be configured to tune RAN behavior or performance. For example, the non-RT RIC 515 may monitor long-term trends and patterns in performance and employ AI / ML models to perform corrective actions via the creation of the SMO framework 505 (such as reconfiguration via the O1 interface) or via RAN management policies (such as A1 interface policies).

[0132] As indicated above, Figure 5 This is provided as an example. Other examples are available with reference to [the relevant information]. Figure 5 The examples described are different.

[0133] Figure 6 This is a diagram illustrating example 600 associated with a low-power signal according to this disclosure. Figure 6 As shown, transmitting entity 605 and receiving entity 610 can communicate with each other. Transmitting entity 605 can be a network entity (e.g., network entity 102, network entity 106, network entity 402, or network entity 404), a network node (e.g., network node 310), a UE (e.g., UE 320), a base station, CU, DU, and / or RU, etc. Receiving entity 610 can be a network entity (e.g., network entity 102, network entity 106, network entity 402, or network entity 404), a network node (e.g., network node 310), a UE (e.g., UE 320), a base station, CU, DU, and / or RU, etc. As used herein, a "low-power" signal can refer to a signal that can be detected, decoded, demodulated, and / or otherwise received using a relatively low power level of the receiving entity. In other words, referring to a signal as "low-power" may not refer to the transmission power of the signal. As used herein, a "transmitting" entity can refer to an entity that transmits a signal in the context of the described example (e.g., a transmitting entity may be able to transmit and receive signals as described herein). Similarly, a “receiving” entity refers to an entity that receives signals in the context of the described example (e.g., a receiving entity may be able to send and receive signals as described herein).

[0134] In some examples, receiving entity 610 may be associated with a simplified feature set, as described in more detail elsewhere in this document. For example, receiving entity 610 may be a RedCap entity, a low-level entity, an NR-Lite entity, an IoT entity, an environmental IoT entity, a passive entity, a terminal (e.g., an RFID device, tag, or similar device), and / or an entity capable of energy harvesting, etc. For example, receiving entity 610 may not support OFDM signals (e.g., it may not be able to detect OFDM signals), may have low timing and / or frequency tracking capabilities (e.g., it may not support accurate timing / frequency tracking), and / or may support relatively low sampling rates (e.g., the sampling rate of receiving entity 610 may be less than the system bandwidth), etc. Therefore, transmitting entity 605 and receiving entity 610 may communicate via signals that can be detected, demodulated, and / or otherwise received by receiving entity 610 (e.g., enabling receiving entity 610 to receive signals using less power or lower energy consumption).

[0135] For example, such as Figure 6 As shown, transmitting entity 605 can transmit and receiving entity 610 can receive signal 615. Signal 615 can be a low-power signal. In some examples, the signal can be associated with keying modulation. Keying modulation can include On-Off Keying (OOK) modulation and / or Frequency Shift Keying (FSK) modulation, etc. OOK modulation can also be called Amplitude Shift Keying (ASK) modulation. OOK modulation schemes can indicate a binary "1" or a binary "0" via the amplitude of the signal. For example, the presence of a carrier during a specific duration can represent a binary "1", while the absence of a carrier during the same duration can represent a binary "0". FSK modulation is a modulation scheme in which information is encoded on a carrier signal by periodically shifting the frequency of a carrier via multiple discrete frequencies. As an example, FSK modulation can include binary FSK (BFSK), in which the frequency of the signal is shifted between two discrete frequencies to transmit binary (e.g., one and zero) information (e.g., where the first frequency indicates a binary "1" and the second frequency indicates a binary "0").

[0136] For example, transmitting entity 605 may use keying modulation (e.g., OOK modulation or FSK modulation) to modulate and / or encode signal 615. For example, signal 615 may include an OOK waveform (e.g., a signal modulated using OOK modulation) as shown by reference numeral 620 or an FSK waveform (e.g., a signal modulated using FSK modulation) as shown by reference numeral 625. Signal 615 may be an OFDM-compatible signal. For example, signal 615 may be an OFDM-based OOK signal and / or an OFDM-based FSK signal. For example, transmitting entity 605 may generate an input signal of length M (e.g., an input signal associated with OOK modulation or FSK modulation). Transmitting entity 605 may pass the input signal through a DFT-s-OFDM waveform generator (e.g., including an M-point DFT and an N-point iFFT, where N>M) to generate an OFDM-based signal (e.g., signal 615). The “on” duration (e.g., indicating a binary value “1”) and / or the “off” duration (e.g., indicating a binary value “0”) can be M / K samples, where K=2. b And b = 0, 1, 2 and / or another value. The value of M can be an integer multiple of K.

[0137] As an example, signal 615 may be a wake-up signal (WUS), a synchronization signal (SS), a reference signal (RS), or another signal. Signal 615 may be associated with low power consumption and / or low energy consumption of receiving entity 610 (e.g., associated with receiving signal 615). For example, signal 615 may be a low-power (LP) WUS (LP-WUS), LP-SS, and / or LP-RS, etc. For example, receiving entity 610 may include an LP radio component (e.g., designed to have low-energy radio receiver circuitry). The LP radio component may also be referred to as an LP receiver and / or an LP wake-up radio component (LP-WUR), etc. Receiving entity 610 (e.g., via the LP radio component) may monitor a signal (e.g., signal 615). In some examples, receiving entity 610 may include a primary radio component (e.g., associated with relatively higher energy consumption than the LP radio component). For example, the LP radio component may be a companion radio component (e.g., a companion receiver) configured to monitor signals at very low power when the primary radio component is in a deep sleep state. When actual data communication is instructed (e.g., via signal 615), the LP radio component can wake up the main radio component. The LP radio component can be designed to consume low power and can be powered independently with less power required compared to the main radio component.

[0138] When no data is to be received, the primary radio component can be turned off or put into deep sleep unless data is to be transmitted, and the LP radio component can actively monitor signal 615. This conserves power and / or energy for receiving entity 610 by enabling it to keep the primary radio component (e.g., primary receiver) off or in deep sleep. If receiving entity 610 receives signal 615 (e.g., LP-WUS) via the LP radio component, it can turn on the primary radio component (e.g., to enable receiving entity 610 to receive data when transmitting entity 605 has data to be transmitted to receiving entity 610). For example, signal 615 (e.g., LP-WUS or another signal) can be used to reduce unnecessary paging reception. Signal 615 can only be transmitted when there is a paging request for an idle or inactive mode entity (e.g., UE). When receiving entity 610 detects LP-WUS, it can turn on the primary radio component. The main radio unit can monitor the synchronization signal block (SSB) before the paging timing (PO) for synchronization, and can then receive paging messages accordingly. When no signal 615 is detected, the main radio unit can remain powered off or in deep sleep to save power.

[0139] For example, receiver entity 610 (e.g., the LP radio component of receiver entity 610) may be associated with a keying modulation design. For example, receiver entity 610 (e.g., the LP radio component of receiver entity 610) may be associated with an OOK-based design and / or an FSK-based design. Receiver entity 610 (e.g., the LP radio component of receiver entity 610) may use an envelope detector (e.g., a low intermediate frequency (IF)). Compared to OFDM-based designs, OOK-based and / or FSK-based designs can provide greater power savings. In other words, receiver entity 610 (e.g., the LP radio component of receiver entity 610) may be configured to receive OOK waveforms (e.g., OFDM-compatible OOK waveforms) and / or FSK waveforms (e.g., OFDM-compatible FSK waveforms) to achieve improved power savings and / or reduced energy consumption associated with one or more receive operations.

[0140] In some examples, signal 615 may be a single-carrier signal (e.g., signal 615 may occupy a single carrier and / or a single subcarrier in the frequency domain). In such examples, receiver 610 may detect signal 615 at a small sampling rate (e.g., approximately 30 kHz sampling rate with a 30 kHz subcarrier spacing). However, single-carrier signals may be sensitive to frequency selectivity (e.g., measurements of the performance of receiver 610 only responding to the signal tuned to by receiver 610 and rejecting other signals near the frequency). In other examples, signal 615 may be a multi-carrier signal (e.g., signal 615 may occupy multiple carriers and / or multiple subcarriers in the frequency domain). Multi-carrier signals may be robust to fading but may be associated with high sampling rates (e.g., the sampling rate may be proportional to the total bandwidth spanned by the multi-carrier signal), thereby increasing the power consumption of receiver 610. Additionally, multi-carrier signals (e.g., using OOK or FSK waveforms) may be associated with modulation of 1 bit (e.g., a single bit) on multiple subcarriers, resulting in reduced spectral efficiency.

[0141] For example, signal 615 (e.g., using an OOK waveform or an FSK waveform) can be associated with indicating a single bit in a given OFDM symbol. For instance, signal 615 can indicate a single bit per OFDM symbol. This can result in a low data rate for signal 615. For example, for a subcarrier spacing of 30 kHz (e.g., in NR), the data rate could be 28,000 bits per second (bit / sec). This data rate may be significantly less than expected for the actual bandwidth occupied by signal 615. However, increasing the number of bits indicated by signal 615 in a given OFDM symbol (e.g., for an OFDM-compatible OOK waveform or an OFDM-compatible FSK waveform) can lead to frequency selectivity errors and / or in-band interference. Therefore, signal 615 may be associated with low data rates (e.g., in the example of indicating a single bit in a given OFDM symbol) or performance degradation (e.g., caused by frequency selectivity errors and / or in-band interference) where the number of bits indicated by signal 615 in a given OFDM symbol increases.

[0142] Some aspects described herein enable low-power layered modulation signals. For example, a signal may include multiple layers. A layer may refer to an independent data stream. Multiple layers (e.g., multiple independent data streams) can be transmitted simultaneously (e.g., within a given signal) using different modulation schemes (e.g., via a layered modulation scheme). For example, a first layer may be associated with keying modulation (e.g., OOK modulation or FSK modulation), and a second layer may be associated with FMCW modulation. Combining keying modulation (e.g., OOK modulation or FSK modulation) with FMCW modulation for the various layers of a signal enables the receiving entity 610 to receive the signal using low power while also increasing the data rate associated with the signal, as described in more detail elsewhere herein.

[0143] As indicated above, Figure 6 This is provided as an example. Other examples are available with reference to [the relevant information]. Figure 6 The examples described are different.

[0144] Figure 7 This is a diagram illustrating an example of operation 700 associated with layered modulation communication according to this disclosure. Figure 7 As shown, the first network entity 705 and the second network entity 710 can communicate with each other. In some aspects, the first network entity 705 and the second network entity 710 can be part of a wireless network (e.g., wireless network 300). The first network entity 705 and / or the second network entity 710 can be network entity 102, network entity 104, network entity 106, device 200, network node 310, UE 320, base station, CU, DU, and / or RU, etc. In some aspects, the first network entity 705 can be a network node (e.g., network node 310, base station, CU, DU, and / or RU), and the second network entity 710 can be a UE (e.g., UE 320).

[0145] In some respects, the second network entity 710 may be associated with a simplified feature set, as described in more detail elsewhere herein. For example, the second network entity 710 may be a RedCap entity, a low-level entity, an NR-Lite entity, an IoT entity, an environmental IoT entity, a passive entity, a terminal (e.g., an RFID device, tag, or similar device), and / or an entity capable of energy harvesting, etc. For example, the second network entity 710 may not support OFDM signals (e.g., it may not be able to detect OFDM signals), may have low timing tracking and / or frequency tracking capabilities (e.g., it may not support accurate timing / frequency tracking), and / or may support relatively low sampling rates (e.g., the sampling rate of the second network entity 710 may be less than the system bandwidth), etc. Therefore, the first network entity 705 and the second network entity 710 may communicate via signals that can be detected, demodulated, and / or otherwise received by the second network entity 710 (e.g., enabling the second network entity 710 to receive signals using less power or lower energy consumption), as described in more detail elsewhere herein. For example, the signal can use modulation techniques (such as OOK, FSK and / or FMCW modulation techniques) that enable the signal to be detected, demodulated and / or otherwise received by the second network entity 710 in a low-power manner.

[0146] As indicated by reference numeral 715 in the accompanying drawings, a second network entity 710 can send a capability report, and a first network entity 705 can receive it. The second network entity 710 can send the capability report via capability signaling, UE Assisted Information (UAI) communication, uplink MAC control element (MAC-CE) communication, RRC communication, Physical Uplink Shared Channel (PUSCH) and / or Physical Uplink Control Channel (PUCCH), and other examples. The capability report can indicate whether the second network entity 710 supports a feature and / or one or more parameters associated with that feature. The capability report can indicate support for one or more operations described herein. The capability report can indicate support for a feature and / or one or more parameters associated with that feature via an Information Element (IE). For example, support for a feature described herein and / or one or more parameters associated with that feature can be indicated by a corresponding IE in the capability report.

[0147] For example, a capability report may indicate the capabilities and / or parameters for communicating (e.g., detecting, demodulating, decoding, and / or otherwise receiving) layered communications associated with layered modulation, as described in more detail elsewhere herein. For example, a capability report may indicate whether the second network entity 710 supports communicating (e.g., detecting, demodulating, decoding, and / or otherwise receiving) communications involving multiple layers associated with corresponding modulation schemes. For example, a capability report may indicate whether the second network entity 710 supports communicating (e.g., detecting, demodulating, decoding, and / or otherwise receiving) communications associated with both keying modulation (e.g., OOK and / or FSK) and FMCW modulation.

[0148] The capability report may indicate that the first network entity supports at least one of keying modulation or FMCW modulation. In some aspects, the capability report may indicate the type of keying modulation supported by the second network entity 710. For example, the capability report may indicate whether the second network entity 710 supports OOK modulation (e.g., indicating whether the second network entity 710 is configured to receive communication modulated via OOK modulation). Additionally or alternatively, the capability report may indicate whether the second network entity 710 supports FSK modulation (e.g., indicating whether the second network entity 710 is configured to receive communication modulated via FSK modulation). For example, the capability report may indicate one or more types of keying modulation (e.g., OOK and / or FSK) supported by the second network entity 710 for receiving communication comprising multiple layers associated with corresponding modulation schemes (e.g., where one of the modulation schemes is a keying modulation scheme).

[0149] In some aspects, the capability report may indicate whether the second network entity 710 supports FMCW modulation (e.g., whether the second network entity 710 is configured to receive communication modulated via FMCW modulation). In some aspects, the capability report may indicate one or more supported FMCW modulation types. For example, the capability report may indicate whether the second network entity 710 supports slope-based FMCW modulation (e.g., where the slope of the FMCW signal corresponds to a corresponding binary value). As another example, the capability report may indicate whether the second network entity 710 supports cyclic-shift-based FMCW modulation (e.g., where the cyclic shift of the FMCW signal corresponds to a corresponding binary value). For example, the capability report may indicate one or more types of FMCW modulation supported by the second network entity 710 for receiving communication comprising multiple layers associated with a corresponding modulation scheme (e.g., slope-based and / or cyclic-shift-based) (e.g., where one of the modulation schemes is an FMCW modulation scheme).

[0150] In some aspects, a capability report may indicate one or more supported modulation orders for communication including multiple layers associated with a corresponding modulation scheme. A modulation order may refer to the number of different states that can be used to represent information for a particular modulation scheme (e.g., if the modulation order is two, the modulation scheme may be able to indicate two different states of information, such as binary one and binary zero). For example, a capability report may indicate the modulation order capability of a second network entity 710 for communication including multiple layers associated with a corresponding modulation scheme for a corresponding layer. In some aspects, a capability report may indicate a first modulation order capability of the second network entity 710 for the most significant bit (MSB) (e.g., which is associated with keying modulation) and a second modulation order capability of the second network entity 710 for the least significant bit (LSB). For example, communication including multiple layers associated with a corresponding modulation scheme may indicate the MSB (e.g., one or more bits) via a first layer associated with a first modulation scheme (e.g., OOK or FSK) and the LSB (e.g., one or more bits) via a second layer associated with a second modulation scheme (e.g., FMCW modulation).

[0151] For example, a capability report may indicate a first modulation order for keying modulation (e.g., a first modulation order for OOK or FSK modulation supported by the second network entity 710). In some aspects, a capability report may indicate supported modulation orders for OOK modulation and / or supported modulation orders for FSK modulation. Additionally or alternatively, a capability report may indicate a second modulation order for FMCW modulation (e.g., a second modulation order for FMCW modulation supported by the second network entity 710). In some aspects, a capability report may indicate supported modulation orders for slope-based FMCW modulation and / or supported modulation orders for cyclic-shift-based FMCW modulation. For example, a supported modulation order for slope-based FMCW modulation may indicate the number of FMCW slopes that can be detected by the second network entity 710. A supported modulation order for cyclic-shift-based FMCW modulation may indicate the number of FMCW cyclic shifts that can be detected by the second network entity 710.

[0152] One or more operations described herein can be based on capability information in a capability report. For example, a second network entity 710 can perform communication based on capability information, or can receive configuration information based on capability information.

[0153] As indicated by reference numeral 720 in the accompanying drawings, a first network entity 705 may send and a second network entity 710 may receive configuration information. For example, the first network entity 705 may send the configuration information via system information signaling (e.g., Master Information Block (MIB) and / or System Information Block (SIB)), RRC signaling, one or more MAC-CE and / or Downlink Control Information (DCI) messages, and one or more other examples, and the second network entity 710 may receive the configuration information via one or more of these. In some aspects, the configuration information may instruct the second network entity 710 to perform one or more of the operations described herein.

[0154] In some aspects, configuration information may indicate one or more candidate configuration and / or communication parameters. In some aspects, one or more candidate configuration and / or communication parameters may be selected, activated, and / or deactivated via subsequent indications. For example, a subsequent indication may select a candidate configuration and / or communication parameter from the one or more candidate configuration and / or communication parameters. In some aspects, subsequent indications (e.g., the indications described herein) may include dynamic indications, such as one or more MAC CEs and / or one or more DCI messages.

[0155] First network entity 705 may configure second network entity 710 based on a capability report. For example, first network entity 705 may configure second network entity 710 to perform one or more operations or trigger it to perform one or more operations based on, in response to, or otherwise associated with a capability report indicating that second network entity 710 supports one or more operations. For example, configuration information may indicate a first modulation order for (e.g., communications to be sent to second network entity 710) a first layer and / or MSB and a second modulation order for a second layer and / or LSB. The first modulation order may be based on or otherwise associated with a first supported modulation order indicated via the capability report (e.g., associated with a modulation scheme (such as a keying modulation scheme) associated with the first layer and / or MSB). The second modulation order may be based on or otherwise associated with a second supported modulation order indicated via the capability report (e.g., associated with a modulation scheme (such as an FMCW modulation scheme) associated with the second layer and / or LSB). For example, the first network entity 705 may configure the second network entity 710 to use a first modulation order for the first layer and / or MSB, not exceeding the first supported modulation order. Similarly, the first network entity 705 may configure the second network entity 710 to use a second modulation order for the second layer and / or LSB, not exceeding the second supported modulation order. For example, the first network entity 705 may configure one or more parameters such that the number of bits transmitted via the first layer (e.g., for the MSB) is less than or equal to the first supported modulation order, and the number of bits transmitted via the second layer (e.g., for the LSB) is less than or equal to the second supported modulation order. In other words, the size of the first information (e.g., indicated via the first layer and / or MSB) may be based on the first supported modulation order, and the size of the second information (e.g., indicated via the second layer and / or LSB) may be based on the second supported modulation order.

[0156] In some aspects, configuration information may include the configuration of one or more parameters for communication (e.g., for a type of communication). Communication may be a communication type that includes multiple layers associated with a corresponding modulation scheme. In some aspects, communication may be or may include WUS or LP-WUS. In some other aspects, communication may be or may include broadcast communication, multicast communication, or other similar communication. In some other aspects, communication may be unicast communication.

[0157] In some aspects, configuration information may indicate the modulation type or modulation scheme associated with different layers of communication. In other words, configuration information may indicate a first modulation scheme (e.g., OOK modulation or FSK modulation) associated with the first layer and / or MSB of communication. Configuration information may indicate a second modulation scheme (e.g., FMCW modulation) associated with the second layer and / or LSB of communication. For example, configuration information may indicate that the first layer and / or MSB of communication is associated with keying modulation. In some aspects, configuration information may indicate the type of keying modulation associated with the first layer and / or MSB (e.g., OOK modulation or FSK modulation). Configuration information may indicate that the second layer and / or LSB is associated with FMCW modulation. In some aspects, configuration information may indicate the type of keying modulation associated with the second layer and / or LSB (e.g., slope-based FMCW modulation or cyclic-shift-based FMCW modulation).

[0158] One or more parameters may include a first modulation order for communication (e.g., for the first layer and / or MSB). For example, configuration information may indicate a first modulation order for the MSB, which is modulation via keying modulation (e.g., OOK modulation or FSK modulation). One or more parameters may include a second modulation order for communication (e.g., for the second layer and / or LSB). For example, configuration information may indicate a second modulation order for the second layer and / or LSB for communication, which is modulation via FMCW modulation (e.g., slope-based FMCW modulation or cyclic-shift-based FMCW modulation).

[0159] In some respects, the configuration information and / or capability reports described herein may include information transmitted via multiple communications. Additionally or alternatively, the first network entity 705 may transmit the configuration information or communications including at least a portion of the configuration information before and / or after the second network entity 710 transmits the capability report. For example, the first network entity 705 may transmit a first portion of the configuration information before the capability report is transmitted, the second network entity 710 may transmit at least a portion of the capability report, and the first network entity 705 may transmit a second portion of the configuration information after receiving the capability report.

[0160] The second network entity 710 can configure itself based on configuration information. For example, as indicated by reference numeral 725, the second network entity 710 can configure one or more receiving operations (e.g., based on, in response to, or otherwise associated with configuration information). For example, the second network entity 710 can configure one or more components associated with detecting, decoding, demodulating, and / or otherwise receiving signals associated with keying modulation schemes (e.g., OOK modulation or FSK modulation) based on, in response to, or otherwise associated with configuration information. Additionally or alternatively, the second network entity 710 can configure one or more components associated with detecting, decoding, demodulating, and / or otherwise receiving signals associated with FMCW modulation schemes (e.g., slope-based FMCW modulation or cyclic-shift-based FMCW modulation) based on, in response to, or otherwise associated with configuration information. For example, the second network entity 710 may include a first receiver (e.g., one or more components configured to receive a signal) associated with receiving a signal modulated via a keying modulation scheme (e.g., OOK modulation or FSK modulation) and a second receiver (e.g., one or more components configured to receive a signal) associated with receiving a signal modulated via an FMCW modulation scheme. The second network entity 710 may configure the first receiver based on, in response to, or otherwise associated with configuration information (e.g., the modulation order and / or type of keying modulation scheme associated with the keying modulation scheme). The second network entity 710 may configure the second receiver based on, in response to, or otherwise associated with configuration information (e.g., the modulation order and / or type of FMCW modulation scheme associated with the FMCW modulation scheme).

[0161] As indicated by reference numeral 730 in the accompanying drawings, a first network entity 705 can transmit and a second network entity 710 can receive communications. The communications may include multiple layers modulated via appropriate modulation schemes. For example, the communications may include a first layer (e.g., transmitting first information) and a second layer (e.g., transmitting second information). The first layer may be associated with the MSB (e.g., one or more bits) of the communications, and the second layer may be associated with the LSB (e.g., one or more bits) of the communications. In some aspects, the first layer may be associated with keying modulation (e.g., OOK modulation or FSK modulation). The second layer may be associated with FMCW modulation (e.g., slope-based FMCW modulation or cyclic-shift-based FMCW modulation). In some aspects, the first network entity 705 may transmit communications via downlink channels, broadcast channels, multicast channels, multicast broadcast service (MBS) channels, sidelink channels, IoT channels, and / or other types of channels, and the second network entity 710 may receive communications via these channels. In some aspects, the communications may be WUS (e.g., LP-WUS). In other respects, communication may include one or more messages and / or reference signals (e.g., intended for use by one or more network entities including the second network entity 710).

[0162] As described elsewhere in this document, a “layer” can refer to a data stream. A “data stream” can refer to a stream of information transmitted and / or received over a wireless communication channel. For example, layers can be independently encoded and / or modulated. Communication can include multiple layers that are independently encoded and / or modulated. For example, communication can include different layers that are independent data streams transmitted simultaneously using different modulation schemes. Each data stream can be referred to as a “layer.” In some aspects, each layer can transmit information. For example, a first layer can transmit or indicate first information, and a second layer can transmit or indicate second information. In some aspects, a first layer can be a first data stream that transmits or indicates first information, and a second layer can be a second data stream that transmits or indicates second information. Multiple layers can be transmitted via the same communication and / or the same signal. In some aspects, multiple layers can be or can include multiplexed information (e.g., different groups of information that are individually encoded or modulated and multiplexed in the same communication or the same signal). Some examples described herein use two layers as examples. However, the aspects described herein can be similarly applied to any number of layers.

[0163] The first network entity 705 may determine first information and second information to be included in the communication. The first information may be intended for use by a group of one or more network entities (e.g., UEs). For example, the first information may be group common information applicable to multiple entities including the second network entity 710 (e.g., multiple UEs). The group common information may include information applicable to multiple network entities (e.g., UEs) (such as a group of network entities including the second network entity 710). In some aspects, the first information may be information to be broadcast by the first network entity 705. In some aspects, the first information may indicate that the first network entity 705 has one or more communications (e.g., with data) to be sent to at least one network entity included in a group of one or more network entities (e.g., a group of UEs). In other examples, the first information may include a first message. In some aspects, the first information may include control information (e.g., scheduling information or other control information).

[0164] First network entity 705 may determine the second information to be included in the communication. The second information may be intended for use by one or more network entities, including second network entity 710. In some aspects, the second information may be unicast information intended only for or applicable to second network entity 710. As an example, the first information may indicate that first network entity 705 has information (e.g., one or more communications or data) to be sent to at least one network entity included in a group of network entities, and the second information may indicate that at least one network entity (e.g., second network entity 710). For example, the first information may indicate whether first network entity 710 has communications to be sent to at least one network entity included in a group of network entities (e.g., in a binary "yes" or "no" manner), and the second information may indicate the identifier of the at least one network entity to which the communications are intended. As another example, the second information may include a second message. In some aspects, the second information may include data information (e.g., scheduled or configured via the first information). For example, the first information may include control information for the second information.

[0165] In some aspects, the first information may include a first message (e.g., a first receiver intended for use with the second network entity 710, such as an OOK receiver or an FSK receiver), and the second information may include a second message (e.g., a second receiver intended for use with the second network entity 710, such as an FMCW receiver). In some aspects, the first information may include a first message intended for use with the first network entity (e.g., a first UE configured to perform OOK or FSK demodulation), and the second information may include a second message intended for use with the second network entity (e.g., a second UE configured to perform FMCW demodulation). As another example, the first and second information may be multiplexed information. For example, communication (e.g., communication including both Layer 1 and Layer 2 as described herein) may be used to multiplex different messages in a broadcast channel (e.g., a downlink broadcast channel, a sidelink channel, an IoT channel, or another broadcast channel). As another example, communication may include two or more messages intended for use with the same network entity (e.g., the second network entity 710). For example, the first information may include a control message, and the second information may include a data message. As another example, the first information may include control messages, and the second information may be a reference signal (e.g., a sounding reference signal (SRS), a channel state information (CSI) reference signal (CSI-RS), or another reference signal).

[0166] The first network entity 705 may encode the first information using keying modulation. For example, the first network entity 705 may use OOK modulation (e.g., to generate an OFDM-compatible OOK waveform) or FSK modulation (e.g., to generate an OFDM-compatible FSK waveform) to encode and / or modulate the first information. The first network entity 705 may use FMCW modulation to encode the second information. For example, the first network entity 705 may generate an FMCW waveform with a given slope or a given cyclic shift corresponding to the second information. As an example, the modulation order of the FMCW modulation may be four. In such an example, the first FMCW slope or the first cyclic shift may correspond to the first information state (e.g., binary "00"), the second FMCW slope or the second cyclic shift may correspond to the second information state (e.g., binary "01"), the third FMCW slope or the third cyclic shift may correspond to the third information state (e.g., binary "10"), and the fourth FMCW slope or the fourth cyclic shift may correspond to the fourth information state (e.g., binary "11"). The first network entity 705 can encode and / or modulate the second information by generating an FMCW waveform with an FMCW slope and / or cyclic shift corresponding to the second information. The first network entity 705 can transmit and the second network entity 710 can receive communications including a first layer (e.g., modulated via OOK modulation or FSK modulation) indicating the first information and a second layer (e.g., modulated via FMCW modulation) indicating the second information.

[0167] As indicated by reference numeral 735 in the accompanying drawings, the second network entity 710 can detect and / or decode (e.g., receive) communications to obtain first information and / or second information. For example, the second network entity 710 may use keying modulation (e.g., OOK modulation or FSK modulation) to detect, decode, and / or demodulate the first layer to obtain the first information. In some aspects, the second network entity 710 may use FMCW modulation to detect, decode, and / or demodulate the second layer to obtain the second information. The receiving operation of communications is described in more detail elsewhere in this document.

[0168] In some respects, the second network entity 710 can demodulate the first layer to obtain control communications. The control communications may indicate one or more communication parameters associated with the second layer and / or data communications transmitted via the second layer. The second network entity 710 can demodulate the second layer to obtain data communications based on the control communications (e.g., based on one or more communication parameters).

[0169] In some aspects, the second network entity 710 (e.g., depending on the capabilities or configuration of the second network entity 710) can detect, decode, and / or demodulate the first layer (e.g., to obtain first information) or the second layer (e.g., to obtain second information). For example, if the second network entity 710 is capable of and / or configured to perform operations associated with an OOK modulation scheme and / or an FSK modulation scheme (e.g., but not an FMCW modulation scheme), then the second network entity 710 can detect, decode, and / or demodulate the first layer (e.g., to obtain first information), and may not detect, decode, and / or demodulate the second layer. If the second network entity 710 is capable of and / or configured to perform operations associated with an FMCW modulation scheme (e.g., but not an OOK modulation scheme and / or an FSK modulation scheme), then the second network entity 710 can detect, decode, and / or demodulate the second layer (e.g., to obtain second information), and may not detect, decode, and / or demodulate the first layer. In other respects, if the second network entity 710 is capable of and / or configured to perform operations associated with both a keying modulation scheme (e.g., an OOK modulation scheme and / or an FSK modulation scheme) and an FMCW modulation scheme, then the second network entity 710 can detect, decode, and / or demodulate both the first layer (e.g., to obtain first information) and the second layer (e.g., to obtain second information).

[0170] In some aspects, the second network entity 710 may detect, decode, and / or demodulate the second layer based on, in response to, or otherwise associated with the first information. For example, the first information may indicate whether the second network entity 710 intends to receive (e.g., detect, decode, and / or demodulate) the second layer. For example, the first information may indicate whether the second information is intended for or applicable to the second network entity 710. If the first information indicates that the second information is not intended for or applicable to the second network entity 710, the second network entity may avoid (e.g., skip) receiving (e.g., detecting, decoding, and / or demodulating) the second layer. By receiving (e.g., detecting, decoding, and / or demodulating) the second layer only when the second information is intended for or applicable to the second network entity 710, the second network entity 710 may save processing, computational, and / or power resources that would otherwise be used to detect, decode, and / or demodulate the second layer in examples where the second information is not intended for or applicable to the second network entity 710.

[0171] As indicated above, Figure 7 This is provided as an example. Other examples are available with reference to [the relevant information]. Figure 7 The examples described are different.

[0172] Figure 8 This is a diagram illustrating an example associated with operation 800 of layered modulation communication according to this disclosure. Figure 8As shown, the first network entity 705 and the second network entity 710 can communicate with each other.

[0173] As indicated by reference numeral 805 in the attached figure, a first network entity 705 can transmit and a second network entity 710 can receive communication. The communication may include multiple layers modulated via a corresponding modulation scheme. This communication can be similar to the above description. Figure 7 (and reference numeral 730) describes the communication. For example, the first network entity 705 can communicate with other parts of this document (such as in conjunction with...) Figure 7 Signals used for communication are encoded, modulated, and / or otherwise generated in a manner similar to that described in the description.

[0174] As indicated by reference numeral 810 in the accompanying drawings, the second network entity 710 may use a keying modulation scheme (e.g., OOK modulation or FSK modulation) to detect and / or decode the first layer of the communication. For example, the second network entity 710 may obtain first information based on or otherwise associated with detecting, decoding, and / or demodulating the first layer of the communication using keying modulation. The first information may be the MSB (e.g., one or more bits) of the communication. In some aspects, the first information may be binary information. In some aspects, the first information may include a single bit.

[0175] As indicated by reference numeral 815 in the accompanying drawings, the second network entity 710 can determine whether an identifier associated with the second network entity 710 is indicated via a first layer (e.g., via first information). For example, the first information may indicate a group of entities (e.g., a group of UEs). The second network entity 710 can determine whether the second network entity 710 is included in (e.g., indicated by the first information) a group of entities. For example, the communication may be a WUS (e.g., LP-WUS). The MSB of the WUS may indicate a group of entities (e.g., a group of UEs) to be woken up to receive one or more communications. The second network entity 710 may obtain the MSB of the WUS by detecting, decoding, and / or demodulating the first layer using a keying modulation scheme (e.g., OOK modulation scheme or FSK modulation scheme).

[0176] As indicated by reference numeral 820 in the accompanying drawings, the second network entity 710 can activate the main radio component (e.g., OFDM radio component or OFDM receiver) based on information indicated via the first layer (e.g., first information). For example, if an identifier associated with the second network entity 710 is indicated via the first layer (e.g., via the first information) (e.g., as... Figure 8 If the "Yes" is indicated, then the second network entity 710 can turn on the main radio component of the second network entity 710 (e.g., to enable the second network entity 710 to receive one or more communications via the main radio component).

[0177] In some aspects, the second network entity 710 can use an FMCW modulation scheme to detect and / or decode the second layer of communication. For example, if the second network entity 710 is configured (e.g., capable of) using an FMCW modulation scheme to receive (e.g., detect, decode, and / or demodulate) signals, the second network entity 710 can detect and / or decode the second layer of communication to obtain second information (e.g., the LSB of the communication). For example, if an identifier associated with the second network entity 710 indicates (e.g., via first information) the second layer (e.g., as indicated by the first information), the second network entity 710 may use an FMCW modulation scheme to detect and / or decode the second layer of communication to obtain second information (e.g., the LSB of the communication). Figure 8 If the second network entity 710 indicates "yes" to the FMCW modulation scheme, then the second network entity 710 can use the FMCW modulation scheme to detect and / or decode the second layer of communication. In some aspects, the second network entity 710 may turn on the primary radio component (e.g., OFDM radio component or OFDM receiver) based on, in response to, or otherwise associated with the second information, as described in more detail elsewhere herein. In other aspects, the second network entity 710 may not be configured (e.g., may not be able to) use the FMCW modulation scheme to receive (e.g., detect, decode, and / or demodulate) signals. In such examples, the second network entity 710 may turn on the primary radio component (e.g., OFDM radio component or OFDM receiver) solely based on, in response to, or otherwise associated with the first information (e.g., MSB) indicated via the first layer of communication.

[0178] As shown by reference numeral 825, a first network entity 705 can transmit and a second network entity 710 can receive one or more communications. For example, the one or more communications may be OFDM communications. The second network entity 710 can receive one or more communications via its main radio component. For example, the second network entity 710 can be enabled to receive one or more communications by activating the main radio component (e.g., based on information indicated via a first and / or second layer). For example, as shown by reference numeral 830, the second network entity 710 can use the main radio component (e.g., using one or more components of the main radio component) to detect and / or decode communications.

[0179] Alternatively, as indicated by reference numeral 835, the second network entity 710 may continue to monitor signals based on information indicated via the first layer of communication (e.g., using one or more low-power radio components, such as OOK / FSK radio components and / or FMCW radio components). For example, if the identifier associated with the second network entity 710 is not indicated via the first layer (e.g., via the first information) (e.g., as... Figure 8If the input is "No", then the second network entity 710 may avoid turning on its main radio component (e.g., to save power). In such examples, the second network entity 710 may continue to monitor signals (e.g., using one or more low-power radio components, such as OOK / FSK radio components and / or FMCW radio components). For example, the second network entity 710 may continue to monitor WUS (e.g., LP-WUS).

[0180] By activating the main radio component only when information indicated by the first and / or second layers of communication indicates the presence of communication to be received by the second network entity 710, the second network entity 710 can save power that would otherwise be used to power the main radio component. Additionally, by transmitting communication through multiple layers, which are modulated using a modulation scheme that can be processed (e.g., reception, detection, demodulation, and / or decoding) at a relatively low sampling rate, the second network entity 710 can save power associated with processing multiple layers. Furthermore, by transmitting communication through multiple layers, additional data can be indicated via the same communication (e.g., the same signal), thereby increasing the data rate associated with the communication (e.g., without significantly increasing the power consumption associated with the second network entity 710 receiving the communication).

[0181] As indicated above, Figure 8 This is provided as an example. Other examples are available with reference to [the relevant information]. Figure 8 The examples described are different.

[0182] Figure 9 This is a diagram illustrating an example associated with operation 900 of layered modulation communication according to this disclosure. Figure 9 As shown, the first network entity 705 and the second network entity 710 can communicate with each other.

[0183] As indicated by reference numeral 905 in the attached figure, a first network entity 705 can transmit and a second network entity 710 can receive communication. The communication may include multiple layers modulated via appropriate modulation schemes. The communication can be similar to the above description. Figure 7 and / or Figure 8 (and the communication described by reference numerals 730 and / or 805). For example, the first network entity 705 can communicate with other parts of this document (such as in conjunction with...) Figure 7 Signals used for communication are encoded, modulated, and / or otherwise generated in a manner similar to that described in the description.

[0184] As indicated by reference numeral 910 in the accompanying drawings, the second network entity 710 may use a keying modulation scheme (e.g., OOK modulation or FSK modulation) to detect and / or decode the first layer of the communication. For example, the second network entity 710 may obtain first information based on or otherwise associated with detecting, decoding, and / or demodulating the first layer of the communication using keying modulation. The first information may be the MSB (e.g., one or more bits) of the communication. In some aspects, the first information may be binary information. In some aspects, the first information may include a single bit.

[0185] The second network entity 710 can determine whether an identifier associated with the second network entity 710 is indicated via a first layer (e.g., via first information). For example, the first information may indicate a group of entities (e.g., a group of UEs). The second network entity 710 can determine whether the second network entity 710 is included in a group of entities (e.g., indicated by the first information). For example, the communication may be a WUS (e.g., LP-WUS). The MSB of the WUS may indicate a group of entities (e.g., a group of UEs) to be woken up to receive one or more communications. The second network entity 710 may obtain the MSB of the WUS by detecting, decoding, and / or demodulating the first layer using a keying modulation scheme (e.g., OOK modulation scheme or FSK modulation scheme).

[0186] In some aspects, as indicated by reference numeral 915 in the accompanying drawings, the second network entity 710 may use an FMCW modulation scheme to detect and / or decode a second layer of communication. For example, if the second network entity 710 is configured (e.g., capable of) using an FMCW modulation scheme to receive (e.g., detect, decode, and / or demodulate) a signal, the second network entity 710 may detect and / or decode the second layer of communication to obtain second information (e.g., the LSB of the communication). For example, if an identifier associated with the second network entity 710 is indicated via a first layer (e.g., via first information), the second network entity 710 may use an FMCW modulation scheme to detect and / or decode the second layer of communication. In some aspects, the second network entity 710 may activate a primary radio component (e.g., an OFDM radio component or an OFDM receiver) based on, in response to, or otherwise associated with second information, as described in more detail elsewhere herein.

[0187] For example, the first information may indicate a group (or set) of network entities (a group of UEs). The second network entity 710 may determine whether it is included in the group (or set) indicated by the first information. If the second network entity 710 is not included in the group (or set) indicated by the first information, it may avoid performing additional operations associated with receiving communications. For example, if the second network entity 710 is not included in the group (or set) indicated by the first information, it may avoid (e.g., skip) the second layer of detecting, decoding, and / or demodulating communications. This saves processing, computational, and / or power resources of the second layer that would otherwise be used by the second network entity 710 for detecting, decoding, demodulating, and / or otherwise receiving communications (e.g., when the second information and / or communications are not intended for or applicable to the second network entity 710).

[0188] If the second network entity 710 is included in the group (or set) indicated by the first information, the second network entity 710 may perform additional operations associated with receiving communications. For example, if the second network entity 710 is included in the group (or set) indicated by the first information, the second network entity 710 may detect, decode, demodulate, and / or otherwise receive the second layer of communications. For example, if the FMCW modulation scheme is a slope-based FMCW modulation scheme, the second network entity 710 may determine the slope associated with the communications and / or the FMCW signals included in the second layer (e.g., as combined with...). Figure 10 , Figure 11 and / or Figure 12 (More detailed description). If the FMCW modulation scheme is a cyclic-shift FMCW modulation scheme, then the second network entity 710 can determine the cyclic shift associated with the communication and / or the FMCW signals included in the second layer (e.g., as in combination). Figure 10 , Figure 11 , Figure 12 and / or Figure 13 (For more detailed description). The slope or FMCW can indicate the information state (e.g., a binary value). The second network entity 710 can determine second information based on the information state (e.g., the second information can be a binary value indicated by the information state).

[0189] Because the first and second layers are modulated using keying modulation and FMCW modulation respectively, the second network entity 710 can be enabled to receive the first and second layers using low-power radio components (e.g., one or more components associated with relatively low power consumption). For example, both keying modulation schemes and FMCW modulation schemes can be associated with low sampling rates. Therefore, the second network entity 710 can be enabled to receive both layers of communication using low-power radio components. Thus, more information (e.g., more bits) can be conveyed via communication (e.g., by using multiple layers) while still enabling the second network entity 710 to receive communication using low-power radio components (e.g., thereby reducing the power consumption of the second network entity 710 associated with receiving communication). Furthermore, because additional information (e.g., additional bits, such as LSBs) is indicated via a separate layer (e.g., rather than via a layer modulated using a keying modulation scheme), the possibility of frequency selectivity errors and / or inter-symbol interference associated with conveying additional information can be reduced.

[0190] The second information may include the LSB (e.g., one or more bits) of the communication. For example, the second information may indicate that the first network entity 705 has a specific network entity for which it is to send one or more communications. In some aspects, the second information may include an entity identifier (e.g., an identifier for a specific network entity such as the second network entity 710). The entity identifier may be a UE identifier. In some aspects, the second information may be entity-specific information (e.g., UE-specific information). For example, the second information may be intended for or applicable to a single network entity (e.g., the second network entity 710).

[0191] As indicated by reference numeral 920 in the accompanying drawings, the second network entity 710 may determine whether to wake up (e.g., the main radio component of the second network entity 710) based on first and second information (e.g., based on MSB and LSB). For example, the communication may be a WUS (e.g., LP-WUS). The first and second information may indicate whether the WUS is intended for use by the second network entity 710. For example, the first information may indicate a group or set of network entities associated with the WUS. The second information may indicate one or more network entities associated with the WUS (from that group or set of network entities). If the first and second information indicate that the second network entity 710 is associated with the WUS (e.g., if the WUS indicates that the second network entity 710 should be woken up), then the second network entity 710 may wake up the main radio component.

[0192] By instructing a group or set of network entities via a first layer, a first network entity 705 can be enabled to wake up network entities that do not support (or are not configured to perform) FMCW-based demodulation (e.g., assuming these network entities support OOK-based demodulation or FSK-based demodulation). For example, if network entities that do not support (or are not configured to perform) FMCW-based demodulation are included in the group or set of network entities indicated by the first information, these network entities can wake up the main radio component. Additional power savings for network entities supporting FMCW-based demodulation can be achieved by instructing specific network entities (or entities) to be woken up in the group or set via second information (e.g., via a second layer). For example, a second network entity 710 may support FMCW-based demodulation and may obtain second information via a second layer. If the second information indicates that the second network entity 710 will not be woken up, the second network entity 710 can save power resources that would otherwise be used to wake up the main radio component in response to the first information instructing the group or set of network entities including the second network entity 710.

[0193] As indicated by reference numeral 925, a first network entity 705 may transmit one or more communications. For example, the one or more communications may be OFDM communications. A second network entity 710 may receive one or more communications via its main radio component. For example, the second network entity 710 may be enabled to receive one or more communications by activating the main radio component (e.g., based on information indicated via a first and / or second layer). For example, as indicated by reference numeral 930, the second network entity 710 may use the main radio component (e.g., using one or more components of the main radio component) to detect and / or decode communications. Alternatively, if the second network entity 710 determines that it will not activate the main radio component (e.g., if the first and second information indicate that one or more communications are not intended for or applicable to the second network entity 710), the second network entity 710 may avoid receiving one or more communications (e.g., may skip or not perform one or more operations associated with receiving one or more communications). This saves processing and / or power resources that would otherwise be associated with powering the main radio component and / or performing one or more operations associated with receiving one or more communications.

[0194] As indicated above, Figure 9 This is provided as an example. Other examples are available with reference to [the relevant information]. Figure 9 The examples described are different.

[0195] Figure 10 This is a diagram of example 1000 associated with communication using OOK modulation and FMCW modulation according to this disclosure.

[0196] For example, as indicated by reference numeral 1005, communication (e.g., communication described elsewhere herein, such as that described in conjunction with reference numerals 730, 805, and / or 905) can be associated with OOK modulation and slope-based FMCW modulation. For example, the keying modulation scheme can be OOK modulation (e.g., a first layer for communication), and the FMCW modulation scheme can be associated with the slope of the FMCW (e.g., a second layer for communication). As indicated by reference numeral 1010, communication (e.g., communication described elsewhere herein, such as that described in conjunction with reference numerals 730, 805, and / or 905) can be associated with OOK modulation and cyclic-shift-based FMCW modulation. For example, the keying modulation scheme can be OOK modulation (e.g., a first layer for communication), and the FMCW modulation scheme can be associated with cyclic-shift-based FMCW (e.g., a second layer for communication).

[0197] For example, communication may include an FMCW signal transmitted via an OFDM channel. The FMCW signal may also be referred to as an "FMCW chirp". For example, the FMCW signal may be sampled at a lower sampling rate compared to the OFDM signal and may be processed using time-domain signal processing, allowing the second network entity 710 to avoid performing an FFT to process the FMCW signal. The first network entity 705 may generate the FMCW signal. In some examples, the first network entity 705 may generate the FMCW signal in the analog domain using a voltage-controlled oscillator (VCO). The first network entity 705 may transmit the FMCW signal via an OFDM channel using at least one antenna element at the first network entity 705. In some aspects, the VCO and / or at least one antenna element may be included in one or more communication interfaces or processing systems of the first network entity 705. The analog domain FMCW signal generated and transmitted by the first network entity 705 may be represented by Equation 1. express.

[0198] (1)

[0199] As shown in Equation 1, the FMCW signal can be a time-domain signal (e.g., a function of time (t)). In the example of Equation 1, This can represent the starting frequency of the FMCW signal. It can represent the slope of the FMCW signal, and The phase of the first network entity 705 can be represented. The FMCW signal can be associated with a waveform signal transmitted via symbols in the time domain through the OFDM channel and a bandwidth in the frequency domain. The bandwidth can include one or more resource blocks in the frequency domain. In some examples, each resource block can include a set of resource elements in the frequency domain. The OFDM channel can include one or more symbols in the time domain. The duration or length of each symbol can correspond to the length of the OFDM symbol, or the length of the OFDM symbol and the corresponding cyclic prefix duration, or a portion of the length of the OFDM symbol, or a portion of the length of the OFDM symbol and the corresponding cyclic prefix duration, or some other length longer than the length of the OFDM symbol and the length of the OFDM symbol and the cyclic prefix duration, or some other symbol duration, or any combination thereof. The FMCW signal can span frequencies between the start frequency and the sum of the start frequency and the bandwidth (e.g., ...). , ).

[0200] like Figure 10 As shown, the first layer of communication can be modulated via OOK modulation (e.g., by varying the amplitude of the signal between two or more discrete amplitudes). For example, as indicated by reference numeral 1015, the first layer of communication can be modulated in a manner corresponding to the first information (e.g., such as...). Figure 10 The first amplitude level of the single binary bit "0" shown is modulated. The second layer of communication can be achieved by generating a signal with the second information (e.g., such as...). Figure 10 The FMCW modulates the slope corresponding to the binary value "11" shown. For example, as... Figure 10 As shown by the dashed lines, FMCW modulation can be associated with a set of candidate FMCW slopes (e.g., a set of candidate FMCW slopes is configured). A first candidate slope can correspond to a first information state (e.g., a binary value "11"), a second candidate slope can correspond to a second information state (e.g., a binary value "10"), a third candidate slope can correspond to a third information state (e.g., a binary value "01"), and a fourth candidate slope can correspond to a fourth information state (e.g., a binary value "00"). As shown by reference numeral 1020, a second layer of communication can be modulated such that the FMCW slope is the first candidate slope, thereby indicating the first information state (e.g., a binary value "11"). As shown by reference numerals 1015 and 1020, the MSB of the communication can be a binary value "0", and the LSB of the communication can be a binary value "11".

[0201] As shown by reference numeral 1025 in the attached figure, the first layer of communication can correspond to the first information (e.g., such as...). Figure 10 The first amplitude level of the single binary bit "1" shown is modulated. As indicated by reference numeral 1030 in the figure, the second layer of communication can be achieved by generating a signal with second information (e.g., such as...). Figure 10The FMCW is modulated using a slope corresponding to the binary value "01" shown. As indicated by reference numeral 1030, the second layer of communication can be modulated such that the FMCW slope is a third candidate slope, thereby indicating the first information state (e.g., binary value "01"). As indicated by reference numerals 1025 and 1030, the MSB of communication can be the binary value "1", and the LSB of communication can be the binary value "01". In other words, different amplitudes of the signal can indicate different information for the first layer (e.g., MSB) of communication, and different FMCW slopes can indicate different information for the second layer (e.g., LSB) of communication.

[0202] As shown by reference numeral 1010, the first layer of communication can be modulated using OOK modulation, and the second layer of communication can be modulated using FMCW modulation based on cyclic shift. For example, FMCW modulation can be associated with cyclic shifts of FMCW. For example, different cyclic shifts applied to FMCW can correspond to corresponding information states. For example, a first candidate cyclic shift can correspond to a first information state (e.g., binary value "11"), a second candidate cyclic shift can correspond to a second information state (e.g., binary value "10"), a third candidate cyclic shift can correspond to a third information state (e.g., binary value "01"), and a fourth candidate cyclic shift can correspond to a fourth information state (e.g., binary value "00"). The FMCW signal can be associated with the same slope, but the first network entity 705 can apply different cyclic shifts to indicate different information states. For example, as shown by reference numeral 1035, the first layer of communication can correspond to the first information state (e.g., as shown by reference numeral 1035). Figure 10 The first amplitude level of the single binary bit "0" shown is modulated. As indicated by reference numeral 1040 in the figure, the second layer of communication can be achieved by generating a signal with second information (e.g., such as...). Figure 10 The binary value "00" is modulated by an FMCW corresponding to a cyclic shift (e.g., a fourth candidate cyclic shift). For example, the first network entity 705 may apply a cyclic shift (e.g., a fourth candidate cyclic shift) to the FMCW signal to indicate second information (e.g., such as...). Figure 10 (The binary value “00” is shown). For example, as shown by reference numerals 1035 and 1040, the MSB of communication can be the binary value “0”, and the LSB of communication can be the binary value “00”.

[0203] As shown by reference numeral 1045 in the attached figure, the first layer of communication can correspond to the first information (e.g., such as...). Figure 10 The first amplitude level of the single binary bit "1" shown is modulated. As indicated by reference numeral 1050, the second layer of communication can be achieved by generating a signal with second information (e.g., such as...). Figure 10The binary value "11" shown is modulated by FMCW corresponding to a cyclic shift (e.g., a first candidate cyclic shift). For example, the first network entity 705 may apply a cyclic shift (e.g., a first candidate cyclic shift) to the FMCW signal to indicate second information (e.g., such as...). Figure 10 (The binary value "11" is shown). For example, as indicated by reference numerals 1045 and 1050, the MSB of communication can be a binary value "1", and the LSB of communication can be a binary value "11". In other words, different amplitudes of the signal can indicate different information for the first layer (e.g., MSB) of communication, and different applied FMCW cyclic shifts can indicate different information for the second layer (e.g., LSB) of communication.

[0204] As indicated above, Figure 10 This is provided as an example. Other examples are available with reference to [the relevant information]. Figure 10 The examples described are different.

[0205] Figure 11 This is a diagram of example 1100 associated with communication using FSK modulation and FMCW modulation according to this disclosure.

[0206] For example, as indicated by reference numeral 1105, communication (e.g., communication described elsewhere herein, such as that described in conjunction with reference numerals 730, 805, and / or 905) can be associated with FSK modulation and slope-based FMCW modulation. For example, the keying modulation scheme can be FSK modulation (e.g., a first layer for communication), and the FMCW modulation scheme can be associated with the slope of the FMCW (e.g., a second layer for communication). As indicated by reference numeral 1110, communication (e.g., communication described elsewhere herein, such as that described in conjunction with reference numerals 730, 805, and / or 905) can be associated with FSK modulation and cyclic-shift-based FMCW modulation. For example, the keying modulation scheme can be FSK modulation (e.g., a first layer for communication), and the FMCW modulation scheme can be associated with cyclic-shift-based FMCW (e.g., a second layer for communication).

[0207] like Figure 11 As shown, the first layer of communication can be modulated via FSK modulation (e.g., by changing the frequency of the signal between two or more discrete frequencies or frequency ranges). For example, as indicated by reference numeral 1115, the first layer of communication can be modulated to give the signal a first frequency or corresponding to the first information (e.g., such as...). Figure 11 The first frequency range is shown as a single binary bit "0". The second layer of communication can be achieved by generating information with second information (e.g., such as...). Figure 11The FMCW signal is modulated with a slope corresponding to the binary value "11" shown. For example, the FMCW signal may be in a first frequency range corresponding to the first information, and the FMCW signal may have a slope corresponding to the second information. For example, the MSB of the communication may be a binary value "0" (e.g., as indicated by FSK modulation), and the LSB of the communication may be a binary value "11" (e.g., as indicated by the slope of the FMCW signal).

[0208] As shown by reference numeral 1120 in the attached figure, the first layer of communication can be modulated to give the signal a second frequency or in accordance with the information (e.g., such as...). Figure 11 The second frequency range is shown as a single binary bit "1". The second layer of communication can be achieved by generating information (e.g., such as...) Figure 11 The FMCW signal is modulated with a slope corresponding to the binary value "01" shown. For example, the FMCW signal can be in a second frequency range corresponding to the first information, and the FMCW signal can have a slope corresponding to the second information. For example, the MSB of communication can be a binary value "1" (e.g., indicated by FSK modulation), and the LSB of communication can be a binary value "01" (e.g., indicated by the slope of the FMCW signal). In other words, different frequencies and / or frequency ranges of the signal can indicate the first information of the first layer and / or MSB for communication. Different slopes of the FMCW signal can indicate the second information of the second layer and / or LSB for communication.

[0209] As shown by reference numeral 1125 in the attached figure, the first layer of communication can be modulated to give the signal a first frequency or in accordance with the first information (e.g., such as...). Figure 11 The first frequency range is shown as a single binary bit "0". The second layer of communication can be achieved by generating information with second information (e.g., such as...). Figure 11 The FMCW signal is modulated by a cyclic shift corresponding to the binary value "00" shown. For example, the FMCW signal can be in a first frequency range corresponding to the first information, and the FMCW signal can be a cyclic shift applied corresponding to the second information. For example, the MSB of the communication can be a binary value "0" (e.g., indicated by FSK modulation), and the LSB of the communication can be a binary value "00" (e.g., indicated by a cyclic shift of the FMCW signal). As shown by reference numeral 1130, the first layer of the communication can be modulated to give the signal a second frequency or a frequency corresponding to the information (e.g., as shown by FSK modulation). Figure 11 The second frequency range is shown as a single binary bit "1". The second layer of communication can be achieved by generating information (e.g., such as...) Figure 11The FMCW signal is modulated by a cyclic shift corresponding to the binary value "11" shown. For example, the FMCW signal may be in a second frequency range corresponding to the first information, and the FMCW signal may have a cyclic shift corresponding to the second information. For example, the MSB of communication may be a binary value "1" (e.g., indicated by FSK modulation), and the LSB of communication may be a binary value "11" (e.g., indicated by a cyclic shift of the FMCW signal). In other words, different frequencies and / or frequency ranges of the signal may indicate the first information of the first layer and / or MSB for communication. Different applied cyclic shifts of the FMCW signal may indicate the second information of the second layer and / or LSB for communication.

[0210] As indicated above, Figure 11 This is provided as an example. Other examples are available with reference to [the relevant information]. Figure 11 The examples described are different.

[0211] Figure 12 This is a diagram of example 1200 associated with demodulating slope-based FMCW modulation communication according to this disclosure. For example, the second network entity 710 described elsewhere herein may include one or more components described herein and / or perform one or more operations described herein for detecting, decoding, and / or demodulating signals (e.g., layers) modulated via slope-based FMCW modulation. Components depicted and / or described herein may be included in the FMCW receiver of the network entity (e.g., the second network entity 710).

[0212] like Figure 12 As shown, a network entity can receive communication 1205. For example, the network entity can receive the communication via an analog receiver. Communication 1205 may include a layer modulated using slope-based FMCW modulation. For example, communication 1205 may include FMCW with a given slope. Figure 12 As shown, a network entity may include a set of mixers (e.g., a first mixer 1210, a second mixer 1215, a third mixer 1220, and a fourth mixer 1225). The number of mixers may be based on the supported modulation order for slope-based FMCW modulation. For example, if the supported modulation order is four, the network entity may include four mixers (e.g., such as...). Figure 12 (As shown). If the supported modulation order is eight, the network entity may include eight mixers.

[0213] Communication 1205 can be provided (e.g., passed to) each mixer in the group of mixers. The group of mixers can be associated with a corresponding candidate slope. For example, a first candidate slope 1230 (e.g., a locally generated FMCW signal with the first candidate slope 1230) can be provided to the first mixer 1210. A second candidate slope 1235 (e.g., a locally generated FMCW signal with the second candidate slope 1235) can be provided to the second mixer 1215. A third candidate slope 1240 (e.g., a locally generated FMCW signal with the third candidate slope 1240) can be provided to the third mixer 1220. A fourth candidate slope 1245 (e.g., a locally generated FMCW signal with the fourth candidate slope 1245) can be provided to the fourth mixer 1225. The output of the group of mixers can be provided to a corresponding low-pass filter (LPF) (e.g., as an example, in...). Figure 12 These are shown as LPF 1250, LPF 1255, LPF 1260, and LPF 1265. The output of an LPF can indicate the frequency domain energy difference between a received communication (e.g., communication 1205) and the corresponding candidate slope. For example, because a first candidate slope 1230 can be similar to the slope of communication 1205, the output of LPF 1250 can indicate that the received communication (e.g., communication 1205) is similar to the energy detection level of the first candidate slope 1230. Conversely, because a fourth candidate slope 1245 is not similar to the slope of communication 1205, the output of LPF 1265 can indicate that the received communication (e.g., communication 1205) is outside the energy detection level (e.g., in the frequency domain) of the fourth candidate slope 1245.

[0214] As shown by reference numeral 1270, a network entity can compare the energy of the LPF's output. For example, the network entity can determine when the output indicates that the received communication (e.g., communication 1205) is within the energy detection level (e.g., in the frequency domain) of a given candidate slope. As shown by reference numeral 1275, a network entity can determine the FMCW slope of communication 1205 based on determining a given candidate slope (e.g., according to an energy comparison). For example, the network entity can combine communication 1205 with corresponding signals associated with a set of one or more candidate slopes to produce one or more combined signals (e.g., where one or more combined signals are the outputs of a mixer and / or the LPF). The network entity can determine the slope from that set of one or more candidate slopes based on the energy level of the received combined signal in one or more combined signals. As described elsewhere herein, the determined slope can indicate information (e.g., it can be mapped to an information state, such as a binary value).

[0215] As indicated above, Figure 12 This is provided as an example. Other examples are available with reference to [the relevant information]. Figure 12 The examples described are different.

[0216] Figure 13 This is a diagram of example 1300 associated with demodulating cyclic-shift-based FMCW modulation communication according to this disclosure. For example, the second network entity 710 described elsewhere herein may include one or more components described herein and / or perform one or more operations described herein for detecting, decoding, and / or demodulating signals (e.g., layers) modulated via cyclic-shift-based FMCW modulation. Components depicted and / or described herein may be included in the FMCW receiver of the network entity (e.g., the second network entity 710).

[0217] like Figure 13 As shown, a network entity can receive communication 1305. For example, the network entity can receive the communication via an analog receiver. Communication 1305 may include a layer modulated using cyclic shift-based FMCW modulation. For example, communication 1305 may include FMCW with a given cyclic shift. Figure 13 As shown, a network entity may include a set of mixers (e.g., a first mixer 1310, a second mixer 1315, a third mixer 1320, and a fourth mixer 1325). The number of mixers may be based on the supported modulation order for cyclic shift-based FMCW modulation. For example, if the supported modulation order is four, the network entity may include four mixers (e.g., such as...). Figure 13 (As shown). If the supported modulation order is eight, the network entity may include eight mixers.

[0218] Communication 1305 can be provided (e.g., passed to) each mixer in the group of mixers. This group of mixers can be associated with a corresponding candidate cyclic shift. For example, a first candidate cyclic shift 1330 (e.g., a locally generated FMCW signal with the first candidate cyclic shift 1330) can be provided to the first mixer 1310. A second candidate cyclic shift 1335 (e.g., a locally generated FMCW signal with the second candidate cyclic shift 1335) can be provided to the second mixer 1315. A third candidate cyclic shift 1340 (e.g., a locally generated FMCW signal with the third candidate cyclic shift 1340) can be provided to the third mixer 1320. A fourth candidate cyclic shift 1345 (e.g., a locally generated FMCW signal with the fourth candidate cyclic shift 1345) can be provided to the fourth mixer 1325. The output of this group of mixers can be provided to a corresponding low-pass filter (LPF) (e.g., as an example, in...). Figure 13These are shown as LPF 1350, LPF 1355, LPF 1360, and LPF 1365. The output of an LPF can indicate the frequency domain energy difference between a received communication (e.g., communication 1305) and the corresponding candidate cyclic shift. For example, because a first candidate cyclic shift 1330 can be similar to a cyclic shift of communication 1305, the output of LPF 1350 can indicate that the received communication (e.g., communication 1305) is similar to the energy detection level of the first candidate cyclic shift 1330. Conversely, because a fourth candidate cyclic shift 1345 is not similar to a cyclic shift of communication 1305, the output of LPF 1365 can indicate that the received communication (e.g., communication 1305) is outside the energy detection level (e.g., in the frequency domain) of the fourth candidate cyclic shift 1345.

[0219] As shown by reference numeral 1370, a network entity can compare the energy of the LPF's output. For example, the network entity can determine when the output indicates that the received communication (e.g., communication 1305) is within the energy detection level (e.g., in the frequency domain) of a given candidate cyclic shift. As shown by reference numeral 1375, a network entity can determine the FMCW cyclic shift of communication 1305 based on determining a given candidate cyclic shift (e.g., based on an energy comparison). For example, the network entity can combine communication 1305 with corresponding signals associated with a set of one or more candidate cyclic shifts to produce one or more combined signals (e.g., where one or more combined signals are the outputs of a mixer and / or the LPF). The network entity can determine the cyclic shift from that set of one or more candidate cyclic shifts based on the energy level of the received combined signal in one or more combined signals. As described elsewhere herein, the determined cyclic shift can indicate information (e.g., it can be mapped to an information state, such as a binary value).

[0220] As indicated above, Figure 13 This is provided as an example. Other examples are available with reference to [the relevant information]. Figure 13 The examples described are different.

[0221] Figure 14 This is a diagram of example 1400 associated with demodulating cyclic-shift-based FMCW modulation communication according to this disclosure. For example, the second network entity 710 described elsewhere herein may include one or more components described herein and / or perform one or more operations described herein for detecting, decoding, and / or demodulating signals (e.g., layers) modulated via cyclic-shift-based FMCW modulation. Components depicted and / or described herein may be included in the FMCW receiver of the network entity (e.g., the second network entity 710).

[0222] like Figure 14As shown, a network entity can receive communication 1405. For example, the network entity can receive the communication via an analog receiver. Communication 1405 may include a layer modulated using cyclic-shift-based FMCW modulation. For example, communication 1405 may include FMCW with a given cyclic shift. The network entity may include a single mixer (e.g., mixer 1410) associated with detecting, decoding, and / or demodulating signals modulated via cyclic-shift-based FMCW modulation.

[0223] Communication 1405 can be provided (e.g., passed to) mixer 1410. A cyclic shift input 1415 can be provided to mixer 1410. Cyclic shift input 1415 can be a locally generated FMCW signal with a given cyclic shift. The given cyclic shift can be no cyclic shift. For example, cyclic shift input 1415 can be an un-cyclically shifted FMCW signal. The output of mixer 1410 can be provided to LPF 1420. The output of LPF 1420 can indicate the energy level at a given frequency. As indicated by reference numeral 1425, the network entity can compare the frequency domain (FD) energy level of the LPF 1420 output with a set of candidate energy detection levels. For example, this set of candidate energy detection levels can be associated with corresponding candidate cyclic shifts.

[0224] As shown by reference numeral 1430 in the attached figure, the network entity can determine the FMCW cyclic shift based on the maximum overlap between the FD energy level of the output of LPF 1420 and the candidate energy detection levels in the set of candidate energy detection levels. The network entity can use a single mixer to determine the FMCW slope of the received communication in a manner similar to that described above. For example, the network entity can combine communication 1405 with a signal associated with a candidate cyclic shift (e.g., cyclic shift input 1415) to generate a combined signal. The network entity can compare the energy level of the combined signal with one or more candidate energy levels associated with a corresponding candidate cyclic shift in a set of one or more candidate cyclic shifts. The network entity can determine the cyclic shift from the set of one or more candidate cyclic shifts based on comparing the energy level with one or more candidate energy levels.

[0225] As indicated above, Figure 14 This is provided as an example. Other examples are available with reference to [the relevant information]. Figure 14 The examples described are different.

[0226] Figure 15This is a diagram illustrating an example process 1500 performed, for example, at a first network entity or a device of a first network entity, according to the present disclosure. Example process 1500 is an example in which a device or a first network entity (e.g., network entity 102, network entity 104, device 200, network node 310, UE 320, network entity 402, network entity 404 and / or first network entity 705) performs operations associated with hierarchical modulation communication.

[0227] like Figure 15 As shown, in some aspects, process 1500 may include encoding first information using keying modulation (box 1510). For example, a first network entity (e.g., using keying modulation) Figure 17 The communication manager 1708 and / or encoding component 1710 depicted herein may encode the first information using keying modulation, as described above.

[0228] like Figure 15 As further shown, in some aspects, process 1500 may include encoding the second information using FMCW modulation (box 1520). For example, the first network entity (e.g., using FMCW modulation) Figure 17 The communication manager 1708 and / or encoding component 1710 depicted herein may encode the second information using FMCW modulation, as described above.

[0229] like Figure 15 As further shown, in some aspects, process 1500 may include sending communication including a first layer indicating first information and a second layer indicating second information (box 1530). For example, a first network entity (e.g., using...) Figure 17 The communication manager 1708 and / or the transmitting component 1704 depicted herein can transmit communications including a first layer indicating first information and a second layer indicating second information, as described above.

[0230] Process 1500 may include additional aspects, such as any single aspect or any combination of aspects described below and / or in conjunction with one or more other processes described elsewhere in this document.

[0231] In the first aspect, the first information includes one or more MSBs of communication, and the second information includes one or more LSBs of communication.

[0232] In the second aspect, either alone or in combination with the first aspect, keying modulation is on-off keying modulation, and FMCW modulation is associated with the slope of FMCW.

[0233] In the third aspect, either alone or in combination with one or more of the first and second aspects, keying modulation is on-off keying modulation, and FMCW modulation is associated with cyclic shifting of FMCW.

[0234] In the fourth aspect, either alone or in combination with one or more of the first to third aspects, the keying modulation is frequency shift keying modulation, and the FMCW modulation is associated with the slope of the FMCW.

[0235] In the fifth aspect, either alone or in combination with one or more of the first to fourth aspects, the keying modulation is frequency shift keying modulation, and FMCW modulation is associated with cyclic shifting of FMCW.

[0236] In the sixth aspect, either alone or in combination with one or more of the first to fifth aspects, the communication includes a wake-up signal.

[0237] In the seventh aspect, either alone or in combination with one or more of the first to sixth aspects, the first information is intended for use with a group of one or more network entities, and the second information is intended for use with a second network entity included in the group of one or more network entities.

[0238] In the eighth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first to seventh aspects, the group of one or more network entities includes multiple network entities, and the second network entity is included among the multiple network entities.

[0239] In the ninth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first to eighth aspects, the first information includes group public information, and the second information includes entity-specific information.

[0240] In the tenth aspect, either alone or in combination with one or more of the first to ninth aspects, group public information includes information applicable to multiple network entities, and entity-specific information includes information applicable to a single network entity.

[0241] In the eleventh aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first to tenth aspects, the first information indicates that the first network entity has one or more communications to be sent to at least one network entity included in a group of one or more network entities, and wherein the second information includes information indicating the at least one network entity.

[0242] In the twelfth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first to eleventh aspects, process 1500 includes receiving a report indicating the capability of a second network entity to support at least one of keyed modulation or FMCW modulation.

[0243] In the thirteenth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first to twelfth aspects, process 1500 includes receiving a capability report indicating that a second network entity supports keying modulation but does not support FMCW modulation, and wherein, based on the second network entity supporting keying modulation, first information is intended for the second network entity, and based on the second network entity not supporting FMCW modulation, second information is not intended for the second network entity.

[0244] In the fourteenth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first to thirteenth aspects, process 1500 includes receiving a report indicating the capability of a second network entity to support both keying modulation and FMCW modulation, and wherein, based on the second network entity's support for both keying modulation and FMCW modulation, second information is intended for the second network entity.

[0245] In the fifteenth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first to fourteenth aspects, process 1500 includes receiving a capability report indicating that the second network entity supports at least one of a first modulation order for keying modulation or a second modulation order for FMCW modulation.

[0246] In the sixteenth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first to fifteenth aspects, the first information is intended for use by the second network entity, and wherein the magnitude of the first information is based on the first modulation order.

[0247] In the seventeenth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first to sixteenth aspects, the second information is intended for a second network entity, and the magnitude of the second information is based on the second modulation order.

[0248] In the eighteenth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first to seventeenth aspects, the communication is broadcast communication, multicast communication or multicast communication.

[0249] In the nineteenth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first to eighteenth aspects, the first information indicates the first message, and the second information indicates the second message.

[0250] In the twentieth aspect, either alone or in combination with one or more of the first to nineteenth aspects, the first information indicates a message of the first type, and the second information indicates a message of the second type.

[0251] In the twenty-first aspect, either alone or in combination with one or more of the first to twentieth aspects, the first information indicates control communication, and the second information indicates data communication.

[0252] In the twenty-second aspect, either alone or in combination with one or more of the first to twenty-first aspects, the first information indicates control communication, and the second information indicates reference signals.

[0253] In the twenty-third aspect, either alone or in combination with one or more of the first to twenty-second aspects, the first layer includes a first data stream, and the second layer includes a second data stream.

[0254] although Figure 15 An example box for process 1500 is shown, but in some respects, it differs from... Figure 15 Compared to the boxes depicted, process 1500 may include additional boxes, fewer boxes, different boxes, or boxes arranged in a different manner. Additionally or alternatively, two or more boxes in process 1500 may be executed in parallel.

[0255] Figure 16 This is a diagram illustrating an example process 1600 performed, for example, at a first network entity or a device of a first network entity, according to the present disclosure. Example process 1600 is an example in which a device or a first network entity (e.g., network entity 102, network entity 104, device 200, UE 320, network entity 404 and / or second network entity 710) performs operations associated with layered modulation communication.

[0256] like Figure 16 As shown, in some aspects, process 1600 may include receiving communication from a second network entity that includes a first layer indicating first information and a second layer indicating second information (block 1610). For example, the first network entity (e.g., using...) Figure 18 The communication manager 1808 and / or receiving component 1802 depicted herein can receive communications from the second network entity, including first-layer communications indicating first information and second-layer communications indicating second information, as described above.

[0257] like Figure 16 As further shown, in some aspects, process 1600 may include using keying modulation to demodulate the first layer to obtain first information (box 1620). For example, the first network entity (e.g., using keying modulation) Figure 18 The communication manager 1808 and / or demodulation component 1810 depicted herein may use keying modulation to demodulate the first layer to obtain first information, as described above.

[0258] like Figure 16 As further shown, in some aspects, process 1600 may include using FMCW modulation to demodulate the second layer to obtain second information (box 1630). For example, the first network entity (e.g., using FMCW modulation) Figure 18The communication manager 1808 and / or demodulation component 1810 depicted herein may use FMCW modulation to demodulate the second layer to obtain second information, as described above.

[0259] Process 1600 may include additional aspects, such as any single aspect or any combination of aspects described below and / or in conjunction with one or more other processes described elsewhere in this document.

[0260] In the first aspect, the first information includes one or more MSBs of communication, and the second information includes one or more LSBs of communication.

[0261] In the second aspect, either alone or in combination with the first aspect, keying modulation is on-off keying modulation, and FMCW modulation is associated with the slope of FMCW.

[0262] In the third aspect, either alone or in combination with one or more of the first and second aspects, keying modulation is on-off keying modulation, and FMCW modulation is associated with cyclic shifting of FMCW.

[0263] In the fourth aspect, either alone or in combination with one or more of the first to third aspects, the keying modulation is frequency shift keying modulation, and the FMCW modulation is associated with the slope of the FMCW.

[0264] In the fifth aspect, either alone or in combination with one or more of the first to fourth aspects, the keying modulation is frequency shift keying modulation, and FMCW modulation is associated with cyclic shifting of FMCW.

[0265] In the sixth aspect, either alone or in combination with one or more of the first to fifth aspects, the communication includes a wake-up signal.

[0266] In the seventh aspect, either alone or in combination with one or more of the first to sixth aspects, the first information is intended for use with a group of one or more network entities including the first network entity, and wherein the second information is intended for use with the first network entity.

[0267] In the eighth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first to seventh aspects, the group of one or more network entities includes multiple network entities, and the first network entity is included among the multiple network entities.

[0268] In the ninth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first to eighth aspects, the first information includes group public information, and the second information includes entity-specific information.

[0269] In the tenth aspect, either alone or in combination with one or more of the first to ninth aspects, the group public information includes information applicable to a plurality of network entities including the first network entity, and the entity-specific information includes information applicable only to the first network entity.

[0270] In the eleventh aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first to tenth aspects, the first information indicates that the second network entity has one or more communications to be sent to at least one network entity included in a group of one or more network entities, and wherein the second information includes information indicating that the at least one network entity is the first network entity.

[0271] In the twelfth aspect, either alone or in combination with one or more of the first to eleventh aspects, FMCW modulation is associated with the slope of FMCW, and wherein demodulating the second layer includes: combining communication with corresponding signals associated with a set of one or more candidate slopes to generate one or more combined signals; and determining a slope from the set of one or more candidate slopes based on the energy level of the received combined signal in the one or more combined signals, wherein the slope indicates second information.

[0272] In the thirteenth aspect, either alone or in combination with one or more of the first to twelfth aspects, FMCW modulation is associated with a cyclic shift of FMCW, and wherein demodulating the second layer includes: combining communication with a corresponding signal associated with a set of one or more candidate cyclic shifts to generate one or more combined signals; and determining a cyclic shift from the set of one or more candidate cyclic shifts based on the energy level of the received combined signal in the one or more combined signals, wherein the cyclic shift indicates second information.

[0273] In the fourteenth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first to thirteenth aspects, FMCW modulation is associated with a cyclic shift of FMCW, and wherein the demodulation of the second layer includes: combining the communication with a signal associated with a candidate cyclic shift to generate a combined signal; comparing the energy level of the combined signal with one or more candidate energy levels associated with a corresponding candidate cyclic shift in a set of one or more candidate cyclic shifts; and determining a cyclic shift from the set of one or more candidate cyclic shifts based on the comparison of the energy level with the one or more candidate energy levels.

[0274] In the fifteenth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first to fourteenth aspects, process 1600 includes sending a report indicating the capability of the first network entity to support at least one of keyed modulation or FMCW modulation.

[0275] In the sixteenth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first to fifteenth aspects, process 1600 includes sending a capability report instructing the first network entity to support at least one of a first modulation order for keying modulation or a second modulation order for FMCW modulation.

[0276] In the seventeenth aspect, either alone or in combination with one or more of the first to sixteenth aspects, the magnitude of the first information is based on the first modulation order.

[0277] In the eighteenth aspect, either alone or in combination with one or more of the first to seventeenth aspects, the magnitude of the second information is based on the second modulation order.

[0278] In the nineteenth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first to eighteenth aspects, the communication is broadcast communication, multicast communication or multicast communication.

[0279] In the twentieth aspect, either alone or in combination with one or more of the first to nineteenth aspects, the first information indicates the first message, and the second information indicates the second message.

[0280] In the twenty-first aspect, either alone or in combination with one or more of the first to twentieth aspects, the first information indicates a message of the first type, and the second information indicates a message of the second type.

[0281] In the twenty-second aspect, either alone or in combination with one or more of the first to twenty-first aspects, the first information indicates control communication, and the second information indicates data communication.

[0282] In aspect 23, either alone or in combination with one or more of aspects 1 to 22, demodulating the second layer includes demodulating the first layer to obtain control communications, and demodulating the second layer based on the control communications to obtain data communications.

[0283] In the twenty-fourth aspect, either alone or in combination with one or more of the first to twenty-third aspects, the first information indicates control communication, and the second information indicates reference signals.

[0284] In the twenty-fifth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first to twenty-fourth aspects, the first layer includes a first data stream, and the second layer includes a second data stream.

[0285] although Figure 16 An example box for process 1600 is shown, but in some respects, it differs from... Figure 16Compared to the boxes depicted, process 1600 may include additional boxes, fewer boxes, different boxes, or boxes arranged in a different manner. Additionally or alternatively, two or more boxes in the process 1600 may be executed in parallel.

[0286] Figure 17 This is a diagram of an example apparatus 1700 for wireless communication according to the present disclosure. Apparatus 1700 may be a network entity, or a network entity may include apparatus 1700. In some aspects, apparatus 1700 may be or may include a processing system of a network entity. In some aspects, apparatus 1700 includes a receiving component 1702 and a transmitting component 1704 that can communicate with each other (e.g., via one or more buses and / or one or more other components). As shown, apparatus 1700 may use the receiving component 1702 and the transmitting component 1704 to communicate with another apparatus 1706 (such as a UE, a base station, or another wireless communication device). As further shown, apparatus 1700 may include a communication manager 1708. Communication manager 1708 may be or may be similar to other communication managers described herein. Communication manager 1708 may include encoding components 1710, etc.

[0287] In some respects, device 1700 can be configured to perform the functions described herein. Figures 7 to 14 One or more operations described herein. Additionally or alternatively, the apparatus 1700 may be configured to perform one or more processes described herein (such as...). Figure 15 The process 1500) or a combination thereof. In some respects, Figure 17 The illustrated device 1700 and / or one or more components may include a combination Figure 2 and / or Figure 4 One or more components of the described network entity. Additionally or alternatively, Figure 17 One or more components shown can be combined Figure 2 and / or Figure 4 Implemented within one or more of the described components. Additionally or alternatively, one or more of the components in the group may be implemented at least partially as software stored in one or more memories. For example, a component (or a portion thereof) may be implemented as instructions or code stored in a non-transitory computer-readable medium and executable by one or more controllers or one or more processors to perform the function or operation of the component.

[0288] Receiver 1702 may receive communications from device 1706, such as reference signals, control information, data communications, or combinations thereof. Receiver 1702 may provide the received communications to one or more other components of device 1700. In some aspects, receiver 1702 may perform signal processing on the received communications (such as filtering, amplification, demodulation, analog-to-digital conversion, demultiplexing, deinterleaving, demapping, equalization, interference cancellation, or decoding), and may provide the processed signals to one or more other components of device 1700. In some aspects, receiver 1702 may include combinations of... Figure 2 and / or Figure 4 The network entity described includes one or more antennas, one or more modems, one or more demodulators, one or more MIMO detectors, one or more receiver processors, one or more controllers / processors, one or more memories, or combinations thereof.

[0289] Transmitting component 1704 may transmit communications, such as reference signals, control information, data communications, or combinations thereof, to device 1706. In some aspects, one or more other components of device 1700 may generate communications and provide the generated communications to transmitting component 1704 for transmission to device 1706. In some aspects, transmitting component 1704 may perform signal processing (such as filtering, amplification, modulation, digital-to-analog conversion, multiplexing, interleaving, mapping, or encoding) on ​​the generated communications and may transmit the processed signals to device 1706. In some aspects, transmitting component 1704 may include combinations of... Figure 2 and / or Figure 4 The described network entity includes one or more antennas, one or more modems, one or more modulators, one or more transmit MIMO processors, one or more transmit processors, one or more controllers / processors, one or more memories, or combinations thereof. In some aspects, the transmit component 1704 may co-located with the receive component 1702 in one or more transceivers.

[0290] Encoding component 1710 can encode the first information using keying modulation. Encoding component 1710 can encode the second information using FMCW modulation. Transmitting component 1704 can transmit communication including a first layer indicating the first information and a second layer indicating the second information.

[0291] The receiving component 1702 can receive a capability report indicating that the second network entity supports at least one of keying modulation or FMCW modulation.

[0292] The receiving component 1702 can receive a report indicating the capability of the second network entity to support keying modulation but not FMCW modulation.

[0293] The receiving component 1702 can receive a report indicating the capability of the second network entity to support both keying modulation and FMCW modulation.

[0294] The receiving component 1702 can receive a capability report indicating that the second network entity supports at least one of a first modulation order for keying modulation or a second modulation order for FMCW modulation.

[0295] Figure 17 The number and arrangement of components shown are provided as an example. In reality, with... Figure 17 Compared to the components shown, there may be additional components, fewer components, different components, or components arranged in a different manner. Furthermore, Figure 17 The two or more components shown can be implemented within a single component, or Figure 17 The single component shown can be implemented as multiple distributed components. Additionally or alternatively, Figure 17 The set (one or more) components shown are executable and described as being composed of Figure 17 The other set of components shown performs one or more functions.

[0296] Figure 18 This is a diagram of an example apparatus 1800 for wireless communication according to the present disclosure. Apparatus 1800 may be a network entity, or a network entity may include apparatus 1800. In some aspects, apparatus 1800 may be or may include a processing system of a network entity. In some aspects, apparatus 1800 includes a receiving component 1802 and a transmitting component 1804 that can communicate with each other (e.g., via one or more buses and / or one or more other components). As shown, apparatus 1800 may use the receiving component 1802 and the transmitting component 1804 to communicate with another apparatus 1806 (such as a UE, a base station, or another wireless communication device). As further shown, apparatus 1800 may include a communication manager 1808. Communication manager 1808 may be or may be similar to other communication managers described herein. Communication manager 1808 may include a demodulation component 1810, etc.

[0297] In some respects, device 1800 can be configured to perform the functions described herein. Figures 7 to 14 One or more operations described herein. Additionally or alternatively, the apparatus 1800 may be configured to perform one or more processes described herein (such as...). Figure 16 The process 1600) or a combination thereof. In some respects, Figure 18 The illustrated device 1800 and / or one or more components may include a combination Figure 2 and / or Figure 4 One or more components of the described network entity. Additionally or alternatively, Figure 18 One or more components shown can be combined Figure 2and / or Figure 4 Implemented within one or more of the described components. Additionally or alternatively, one or more of the components in the group may be implemented at least partially as software stored in one or more memories. For example, a component (or a portion of a component) may be implemented as instructions or code stored in a non-transitory computer-readable medium and executable by one or more controllers or one or more processors to perform the function or operation of the component.

[0298] Receiver 1802 may receive communications from device 1806, such as reference signals, control information, data communications, or combinations thereof. Receiver 1802 may provide the received communications to one or more other components of device 1800. In some aspects, receiver 1802 may perform signal processing on the received communications (such as filtering, amplification, demodulation, analog-to-digital conversion, demultiplexing, deinterleaving, demapping, equalization, interference cancellation, or decoding), and may provide the processed signals to one or more other components of device 1800. In some aspects, receiver 1802 may include combinations of... Figure 2 and / or Figure 4 The network entity described includes one or more antennas, one or more modems, one or more demodulators, one or more MIMO detectors, one or more receiver processors, one or more controllers / processors, one or more memories, or combinations thereof.

[0299] Transmitting component 1804 may transmit communications, such as reference signals, control information, data communications, or combinations thereof, to device 1806. In some aspects, one or more other components of device 1800 may generate communications and provide the generated communications to transmitting component 1804 for transmission to device 1806. In some aspects, transmitting component 1804 may perform signal processing (such as filtering, amplification, modulation, digital-to-analog conversion, multiplexing, interleaving, mapping, or encoding) on ​​the generated communications and may transmit the processed signals to device 1806. In some aspects, transmitting component 1804 may include combinations of... Figure 2 and / or Figure 4 The described network entity includes one or more antennas, one or more modems, one or more modulators, one or more transmit MIMO processors, one or more transmit processors, one or more controllers / processors, one or more memories, or combinations thereof. In some aspects, the transmit component 1804 may co-located with the receive component 1802 in one or more transceivers.

[0300] The receiving component 1802 can receive communication from the second network entity, including a first layer indicating first information and a second layer indicating second information. The demodulation component 1810 can use keying modulation to demodulate the first layer to obtain the first information. The demodulation component 1810 can use FMCW modulation to demodulate the second layer to obtain the second information.

[0301] The transmitting component 1804 can transmit a capability report indicating that the first network entity supports at least one of keyed modulation or FMCW modulation.

[0302] The transmitting component 1804 can transmit a capability report indicating that the first network entity supports at least one of a first modulation order for keying modulation or a second modulation order for FMCW modulation.

[0303] Figure 18 The number and arrangement of components shown are provided as an example. In reality, with... Figure 18 Compared to the components shown, there may be additional components, fewer components, different components, or components arranged in a different manner. Furthermore, Figure 18 The two or more components shown can be implemented within a single component, or Figure 18 The single component shown can be implemented as multiple distributed components. Additionally or alternatively, Figure 18 The set (one or more) components shown are executable and described as being composed of Figure 18 The other set of components shown performs one or more functions.

[0304] The following provides an overview of some aspects of this disclosure:

[0305] Aspect 1: A method for wireless communication performed by a first network entity, the method comprising: encoding first information using keying modulation; encoding second information using frequency modulated continuous waveform (FMCW) modulation; and transmitting communication including a first layer indicating the first information and a second layer indicating the second information.

[0306] Aspect 2: According to the method of aspect 1, wherein the first information includes one or more most significant bits (MSB) of the communication, and the second information includes one or more least significant bits (LSB) of the communication.

[0307] Aspect 3: The method according to any one of Aspects 1 to 2, wherein the keying modulation is an on / off keying modulation, and the FMCW modulation is associated with the slope of the FMCW.

[0308] Aspect 4: The method according to any one of Aspects 1 to 2, wherein the keying modulation is an on / off keying modulation, and the FMCW modulation is associated with a cyclic shift of the FMCW.

[0309] Aspect 5: The method according to any one of Aspects 1 to 2, wherein the keying modulation is frequency shift keying modulation, and the FMCW modulation is associated with the slope of the FMCW.

[0310] Aspect 6: The method according to any one of Aspects 1 to 2, wherein the keying modulation is frequency shift keying modulation, and the FMCW modulation is associated with a cyclic shift of FMCW.

[0311] Aspect 7: The method according to any one of Aspects 1 to 6, wherein the communication includes a wake-up signal.

[0312] Aspect 8: The method according to any one of Aspects 1 to 7, wherein the first information is intended for use with a group of one or more network entities, and wherein the second information is intended for use with a second network entity included in the group of one or more network entities.

[0313] Aspect 9: According to the method of aspect 8, wherein the group of one or more network entities includes a plurality of network entities, and the second network entity is included in the plurality of network entities.

[0314] Aspect 10: The method according to any one of Aspects 1 to 9, wherein the first information includes group public information, and wherein the second information includes entity-specific information.

[0315] Aspect 11: According to the method of aspect 10, the group common information includes information applicable to multiple network entities, and the entity-specific information includes information applicable to a single network entity.

[0316] Aspect 12: The method according to any one of Aspects 1 to 11, wherein the first information indicates that the first network entity has one or more communications to be sent to at least one network entity included in a group of one or more network entities, and wherein the second information includes information indicating the at least one network entity.

[0317] Aspect 13: The method according to any one of Aspects 1 to 12, the method further comprising: receiving a capability report indicating that a second network entity supports at least one of the keying modulation or the FMCW modulation.

[0318] Aspect 14: The method according to any one of Aspects 1 to 13, further comprising: receiving a capability report indicating that a second network entity supports the keying modulation but does not support the FMCW modulation, wherein the first information is intended for the second network entity based on the second network entity supporting the keying modulation, and the second information is not intended for the second network entity based on the second network entity not supporting the FMCW modulation.

[0319] Aspect 15: The method according to any one of Aspects 1 to 14, the method further comprising: receiving a capability report indicating that a second network entity supports both the keying modulation and the FMCW modulation, and wherein, based on the second network entity's support for both the keying modulation and the FMCW modulation, the second information is intended for use by the second network entity.

[0320] Aspect 16: The method according to any one of Aspects 1 to 15, the method further comprising: receiving a capability report indicating that a second network entity supports at least one of a first modulation order for the keying modulation or a second modulation order for the FMCW modulation.

[0321] Aspect 17: According to the method of aspect 16, wherein the first information is intended for use with the second network entity, and wherein the magnitude of the first information is based on the first modulation order.

[0322] Aspect 18: According to the method of aspect 16, wherein the second information is intended for the second network entity, and wherein the size of the second information is based on the second modulation order.

[0323] Aspect 19: The method according to any one of Aspects 1 to 18, wherein the communication is broadcast communication, multicast communication or multicast communication.

[0324] Aspect 20: The method according to any one of aspects 1 to 19, wherein the first information indicates a first message and the second information indicates a second message.

[0325] Aspect 21: The method according to any one of aspects 1 to 20, wherein the first information indicates a message of a first type and the second information indicates a message of a second type.

[0326] Aspect 22: The method according to any one of aspects 1 to 21, wherein the first information indicates control communication and the second information indicates data communication.

[0327] Aspect 23: The method according to any one of aspects 1 to 21, wherein the first information indicates control communication and the second information indicates a reference signal.

[0328] Aspect 24: The method according to any one of aspects 1 to 23, wherein the first layer includes a first data stream and the second layer includes a second data stream.

[0329] Aspect 25: A method of wireless communication performed by a first network entity, the method comprising: receiving from a second network entity communication including a first layer indicating first information and a second layer indicating second information; demodulating the first layer using keying modulation to obtain the first information; and demodulating the second layer using frequency modulated continuous waveform (FMCW) modulation to obtain the second information.

[0330] Aspect 26: According to the method of aspect 25, wherein the first information includes one or more most significant bits (MSB) of the communication, and the second information includes one or more least significant bits (LSB) of the communication.

[0331] Aspect 27: The method according to any one of Aspects 25 to 26, wherein the keying modulation is an on / off keying modulation, and the FMCW modulation is associated with the slope of the FMCW.

[0332] Aspect 28: The method according to any one of Aspects 25 to 27, wherein the keying modulation is an on / off keying modulation, and the FMCW modulation is associated with a cyclic shift of the FMCW.

[0333] Aspect 29: The method according to any one of Aspects 25 to 27, wherein the keying modulation is frequency shift keying modulation, and the FMCW modulation is associated with the slope of the FMCW.

[0334] Aspect 30: The method according to any one of Aspects 25 to 27, wherein the keying modulation is frequency shift keying modulation, and the FMCW modulation is associated with a cyclic shift of FMCW.

[0335] Aspect 31: The method according to any one of aspects 25 to 30, wherein the communication includes a wake-up signal.

[0336] Aspect 32: The method according to any one of Aspects 25 to 31, wherein the first information is intended for use on a group of one or more network entities including the first network entity, and wherein the second information is intended for use on the first network entity.

[0337] Aspect 33: According to the method of aspect 32, wherein the group of one or more network entities includes a plurality of network entities, and the first network entity is included in the plurality of network entities.

[0338] Aspect 34: The method according to any one of Aspects 25 to 33, wherein the first information includes group public information, and wherein the second information includes entity-specific information.

[0339] Aspect 35: According to the method of aspect 34, wherein the group public information includes information applicable to a plurality of network entities including the first network entity, and the entity-specific information includes information applicable only to the first network entity.

[0340] Aspect 36: The method according to any one of Aspects 25 to 35, wherein the first information indicates that the second network entity has one or more communications to be sent to at least one network entity included in a group of one or more network entities, and wherein the second information includes information indicating that the at least one network entity is the first network entity.

[0341] Aspect 37: The method according to any one of Aspects 25 to 36, wherein the FMCW modulation is associated with the slope of the FMCW, and wherein demodulating the second layer comprises: combining the communication with a corresponding signal associated with a set of one or more candidate slopes to generate one or more combined signals; and determining a slope from the set of one or more candidate slopes based on the energy level of the received combined signal in the one or more combined signals, wherein the slope indicates the second information.

[0342] Aspect 38: The method according to any one of Aspects 25 to 37, wherein the FMCW modulation is associated with a cyclic shift of FMCW, and wherein demodulating the second layer comprises: combining the communication with a corresponding signal associated with a set of one or more candidate cyclic shifts to generate one or more combined signals; and determining a cyclic shift from the set of one or more candidate cyclic shifts based on the energy level of the received combined signal in the one or more combined signals, wherein the cyclic shift indicates the second information.

[0343] Aspect 39: The method according to any one of Aspects 25 to 38, wherein the FMCW modulation is associated with a cyclic shift of the FMCW, and wherein demodulating the second layer comprises: combining the communication with a signal associated with a candidate cyclic shift to generate a combined signal; comparing the energy level of the combined signal with one or more candidate energy levels associated with a corresponding candidate cyclic shift in a set of one or more candidate cyclic shifts; and determining a cyclic shift from the set of one or more candidate cyclic shifts based on the comparison of the energy level with the one or more candidate energy levels.

[0344] Aspect 40: The method according to any one of Aspects 25 to 39, the method further comprising: sending a capability report indicating that the first network entity supports at least one of the keying modulation or the FMCW modulation.

[0345] Aspect 41: The method according to any one of Aspects 25 to 40, the method further comprising: sending a capability report indicating that the first network entity supports at least one of a first modulation order for the keying modulation or a second modulation order for the FMCW modulation.

[0346] Aspect 42: According to the method of aspect 41, the magnitude of the first information is based on the first modulation order.

[0347] Aspect 43: According to the method of aspect 41, the magnitude of the second information is based on the second modulation order.

[0348] Aspect 44: The method according to any one of Aspects 25 to 43, wherein the communication is broadcast communication, multicast communication or multicast communication.

[0349] Aspect 45: The method according to any one of aspects 25 to 44, wherein the first information indicates a first message and the second information indicates a second message.

[0350] Aspect 46: The method according to any one of aspects 25 to 45, wherein the first information indicates a message of a first type and the second information indicates a message of a second type.

[0351] Aspect 47: The method according to any one of Aspects 25 to 46, wherein the first information indicates control communication and the second information indicates data communication.

[0352] Aspect 48: According to the method of aspect 47, demodulating the second layer includes: demodulating the first layer to obtain the control communication; and demodulating the second layer based on the control communication to obtain the data communication.

[0353] Aspect 49: The method according to any one of Aspects 25 to 46, wherein the first information indicates control communication and the second information indicates a reference signal.

[0354] Aspect 50: The method according to any one of aspects 25 to 49, wherein the first layer includes a first data stream and the second layer includes a second data stream.

[0355] Aspect 51: An apparatus for wireless communication at a device, the apparatus comprising: one or more processors; one or more memories coupled to the one or more processors; and instructions stored in the one or more memories and executable by the one or more processors to cause the apparatus to perform the method according to one or more of aspects 1 to 50.

[0356] Aspect 52: An apparatus for wireless communication at a device, the apparatus comprising one or more memories and one or more processors coupled to the one or more memories, the one or more processors being configured to cause the device to perform the method according to one or more of aspects 1 to 50.

[0357] Aspect 53: An apparatus for wireless communication, the apparatus comprising at least one component for performing the method according to one or more of aspects 1 to 50.

[0358] Aspect 54: A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing code for wireless communication, the code including instructions executable by one or more processors to perform the method according to one or more of aspects 1 to 50.

[0359] Aspect 55: A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing a set of instructions for wireless communication, the set of instructions comprising one or more instructions that, when executed by one or more processors of a device, cause the device to perform the method according to one or more of aspects 1 to 50.

[0360] Aspect 56: A device for wireless communication, the device including a processing system comprising one or more processors and one or more memories coupled to the one or more processors, the processing system being configured to cause the device to perform the method according to one or more of aspects 1 to 50.

[0361] Aspect 57: An apparatus for wireless communication at a device, the apparatus comprising one or more memories and one or more processors coupled to the one or more memories, the one or more processors being individually or collectively configured to cause the device to perform the method according to one or more of aspects 1 to 50.

[0362] Aspect 58: An apparatus for wireless communication, the apparatus comprising: a processing system configured to perform the method according to one or more of aspects 1 to 50.

[0363] Aspect 59: An apparatus for wireless communication at a device, the apparatus comprising: a processing system configured to perform the method according to one or more of aspects 1 to 50.

[0364] Aspect 60: A device for wireless communication, the device comprising: at least one memory; at least one communication interface; and at least one processor coupled to the at least one memory and the at least one communication interface, wherein the at least one processor is configured to perform the method according to one or more of aspects 1 to 50.

[0365] The foregoing disclosure provides examples and descriptions, but is neither exhaustive nor a limitation on the scope of this disclosure. For example, various aspects and examples are disclosed herein, but this disclosure is not limited to the precise form used to describe such aspects and examples. Modifications and variations can be made based on the foregoing disclosure, or from practice in various aspects.

[0366] As used herein, the term "component" should be interpreted broadly as hardware and / or a combination of hardware and software. Whether referred to as software, firmware, middleware, microcode, hardware description language, or other names, "software" should be interpreted broadly as instructions, instruction sets, code, code segments, program code, programs, subroutines, software modules, applications, software applications, software packages, routines, subroutines, objects, executable files, threads of execution, procedures, and / or functions, etc. As used herein, a "processor" is implemented in hardware and / or a combination of hardware and software. The systems and / or methods described herein can be implemented in various forms of hardware and / or combinations of hardware and software. The actual dedicated control hardware or software code used to implement these systems and / or methods is not limiting in any way. Therefore, this document does not refer to specific software code to describe the operation and behavior of systems and / or methods, as those skilled in the art will understand that software and hardware can be designed, at least in part, based on the descriptions herein, to implement the systems and / or methods.

[0367] As used in this article, depending on the context, "meeting the threshold" can mean a value greater than the threshold, greater than or equal to the threshold, less than the threshold, less than or equal to the threshold, equal to the threshold, not equal to the threshold, etc.

[0368] As used herein, the term "determine" encompasses a wide variety of actions, and therefore, "determine" can include operations, calculations, processing, derivation, investigation, lookup (such as by searching in a table, database, or other data structure), reasoning, probing, and / or measurement, among others. Additionally, "determine" can include receiving (such as receiving information), accessing (such as accessing data stored in memory), and / or sending (such as sending information), and so on. As another example, "determine" can include parsing, selecting, obtaining, choosing, building, and other similar actions.

[0369] Although specific combinations of features are recited in the claims and / or disclosed in the specification, these combinations do not limit the scope of this disclosure. Many of these features may be combined in ways not specifically recited in the claims and / or not disclosed in the specification. The disclosure of various aspects includes each dependent claim in combination with each other claim in the claim set. As used herein, the phrase referring to “at least one of” in the list of items means any combination of these entries, including a single member. As an example, “at least one of a, b, or c” covers: a, b, c, a+b, a+c, b+c, and a+b+c, as well as any combination having multiple identical elements (e.g., a+a, a+a+a, a+a+b, a+a+c, a+b+b, a+c+c, b+b, b+b+b, b+b+c, c+c, and c+c+c, or any other ordering of a, b, and c).

[0370] Any element, action, or instruction used herein is not critical or necessary unless explicitly stated otherwise. Furthermore, as used herein, the articles “a” and “one” include one or more items and are used interchangeably with “one or more.” Additionally, as used herein, the article “described” includes one or more items mentioned in connection with the article “described” and is used interchangeably with “one or more.” Furthermore, as used herein, the terms “set” and “group” include one or more entries and are used interchangeably with “one or more.” If one wishes to refer to only one item, the phrase “only one” or similar terminology will be used. Moreover, as used herein, the terms “having,” etc., are open-ended terms that do not limit the elements they modify (e.g., an element that “has” A may also have B). Additionally, as used herein, “based on” has an inclusive meaning unless otherwise explicitly indicated. For example, unless otherwise explicitly indicated, “based on” is used interchangeably with “at least partially based on,” “associated with,” or “according to.” The phrase “based on” should not be interpreted as a reference to a closed set of information, one or more conditions, one or more factors, etc. Specifically, unless the phrase in the context refers to “based on only one” or an equivalent, it can be based solely on “one” or on a combination of “one” and one or more other factors, conditions, or information, whether it is “based on one” or “at least partially based on one.” Furthermore, as used herein, the term “or” is inclusive when used in a series and can be used interchangeably with “and / or” unless otherwise explicitly stated (e.g., if used in conjunction with “any” or “only one”).

Claims

1. A first network entity for wireless communication, the first network entity comprising: Processing system, the processing system being configured to: The first information is encoded using keying modulation; The second information is encoded using frequency modulated continuous waveform (FMCW) modulation; and The communication includes a first layer indicating the first information and a second layer indicating the second information.

2. The first network entity of claim 1, wherein the first information includes one or more most significant bits (MSB) of the communication, and the second information includes one or more least significant bits (LSB) of the communication.

3. The first network entity according to claim 1, wherein the keying modulation is an on / off keying modulation, and the FMCW modulation is associated with the slope of the FMCW.

4. The first network entity according to claim 1, wherein the keying modulation is an on / off keying modulation, and the FMCW modulation is associated with a cyclic shift of FMCW.

5. The first network entity of claim 1, wherein the keying modulation is frequency shift keying modulation, and the FMCW modulation is associated with the slope of the FMCW.

6. The first network entity of claim 1, wherein the keying modulation is frequency shift keying modulation, and the FMCW modulation is associated with a cyclic shift of FMCW.

7. The first network entity according to claim 1, wherein the communication includes a wake-up signal.

8. The first network entity of claim 1, wherein the first information is intended for use with a group of one or more network entities, and wherein the second information is intended for use with a second network entity included in the group of one or more network entities.

9. The first network entity according to claim 8, wherein the group of one or more network entities comprises a plurality of network entities, and the second network entity is included in the plurality of network entities.

10. The first network entity according to claim 1, wherein the first information includes group public information, and wherein the second information includes entity-specific information.

11. The first network entity of claim 10, wherein the group common information includes information applicable to multiple network entities, and the entity-specific information includes information applicable to a single network entity.

12. A first network entity for wireless communication, the first network entity comprising: Processing system, the processing system being configured to: Receive communication from the second network entity, including a first layer indicating first information and a second layer indicating second information; The first layer is demodulated using keying modulation to obtain the first information; as well as Frequency modulated continuous waveform (FMCW) modulation is used to demodulate the second layer to obtain the second information.

13. The first network entity of claim 12, wherein the first information includes one or more most significant bits (MSB) of the communication, and the second information includes one or more least significant bits (LSB) of the communication.

14. The first network entity of claim 12, wherein the communication includes a wake-up signal.

15. The first network entity of claim 12, wherein the first information is intended for use with a group of one or more network entities including the first network entity, and wherein the second information is intended for use with the first network entity.

16. The first network entity of claim 12, wherein the first information includes group public information, and wherein the second information includes entity-specific information.

17. The first network entity of claim 12, wherein the first information indicates that the second network entity has one or more communications to be sent to at least one network entity included in a group of one or more network entities, and wherein the second information includes information indicating that the at least one network entity is the first network entity.

18. The first network entity of claim 12, wherein the FMCW modulation is associated with the slope of the FMCW, and wherein, To demodulate the second layer, the processing system is configured as follows: The communication is combined with corresponding signals associated with one or more candidate slopes to generate one or more combined signals; and A slope is determined from a set of one or more candidate slopes based on the energy level of the received combined signal in one or more combined signals, wherein the slope indicates the second information.

19. The first network entity of claim 12, wherein the FMCW modulation is associated with a cyclic shift of FMCW, and wherein, To demodulate the second layer, the processing system is configured as follows: The communication is combined with corresponding signals associated with a group or more candidate cyclic shifts to generate one or more combined signals; as well as A cyclic shift is determined from a set of one or more candidate cyclic shifts based on the energy level of the received combined signal in the one or more combined signals, wherein the cyclic shift indicates the second information.

20. The first network entity of claim 12, wherein the FMCW modulation is associated with a cyclic shift of FMCW, and wherein, To demodulate the second layer, the processing system is configured as follows: The communication is combined with the signal associated with the candidate cyclic shift to generate a combined signal; The energy level of the combined signal is compared with one or more candidate energy levels associated with a corresponding candidate cyclic shift in a set of one or more candidate cyclic shifts; as well as A cyclic shift is determined from a set of one or more candidate cyclic shifts by comparing the energy level with one or more candidate energy levels.

21. The first network entity of claim 12, wherein the processing system is configured to: Send a capability report indicating that the first network entity supports at least one of the keying modulation or the FMCW modulation.

22. The first network entity of claim 12, wherein the processing system is configured to: Send a capability report indicating that the first network entity supports at least one of a first modulation order for the keying modulation or a second modulation order for the FMCW modulation.

23. A method for wireless communication performed by a first network entity, the method comprising: The first information is encoded using keying modulation; The second information is encoded using frequency modulated continuous waveform (FMCW) modulation; as well as The communication includes a first layer indicating the first information and a second layer indicating the second information.

24. The method of claim 23, wherein the first information indicates that the first network entity has one or more communications to be sent to at least one network entity included in a group of one or more network entities, and wherein the second information includes information indicating the at least one network entity.

25. The method according to claim 23, further comprising: Receive a capability report indicating that the second network entity supports at least one of the keying modulation or the FMCW modulation.

26. The method according to claim 23, further comprising: Receive a capability report indicating that the second network entity supports the keying modulation but not the FMCW modulation, and Wherein, if the second network entity supports the keying modulation, the first information is intended for the second network entity, and if the second network entity does not support the FMCW modulation, the second information is not intended for the second network entity.

27. The method according to claim 23, further comprising: Receive a capability report indicating that the second network entity supports both the keying modulation and the FMCW modulation, and The second network entity supports both the keying modulation and the FMCW modulation, and the second information is intended for use by the second network entity.

28. A method for wireless communication performed by a first network entity, the method comprising: Receive communication from the second network entity, including a first layer indicating first information and a second layer indicating second information; The first layer is demodulated using keying modulation to obtain the first information; as well as Frequency modulated continuous waveform (FMCW) modulation is used to demodulate the second layer to obtain the second information.

29. The method of claim 28, wherein the communication is broadcast communication, multicast communication or multicast communication.

30. The method of claim 28, wherein the first information indicates a first message and the second information indicates a second message.

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