Stress control based embankment post-earthquake settlement recovery system and method

Abstract

The application provides a stress control-based embankment post-earthquake settlement recovery system and method, which can be applied to the technical field of roadbed engineering and geotechnical engineering, and comprises a bag assembly, a plurality of bags in series arranged at the intersection of a retaining wall and embankment fill, and a grouting pipeline connecting the plurality of bags; a plurality of sensors, including an acceleration sensor arranged in the fill for monitoring the horizontal acceleration of the fill, and a settlement sensor arranged at the bottom of the embankment for monitoring the vertical settlement of the embankment; and a processing device configured to process the sensing data of the plurality of sensors, generate at least one control signal, and control the execution equipment based on the control signal to process the horizontal stress in the earthquake and the embankment settlement after the earthquake.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the fields of roadbed engineering and geotechnical engineering, specifically to a stress-controlled embankment post-earthquake settlement recovery system and method. Background Technology

[0002] Railways and highways inevitably traverse seismically active areas. When the embankment soil is driven by seismic inertial forces, retaining walls are prone to outward displacement, creating an alternating state of compression on one side and detachment on the other at the wall-soil interface. The attenuation of contact stress and the expansion of the tensile crack zone lead to the accumulation of settlement or differential settlement, affecting the structural safety of the embankment and road traffic. Related technologies primarily rely on sliding block models for seismic calculations, such as thickening or reinforcing the wall body, installing anchor bolts, using reinforced soil and lightweight filler, configuring drainage and backing layers, or installing expansion joints and buffer layers. Post-earthquake repairs are then carried out using methods such as borehole grouting and foam backfilling.

[0003] However, related technologies are mainly passive, with monitoring and execution being disconnected, making it difficult to control the horizontal stress at the interface in real time throughout the earthquake. Furthermore, the grouting process lacks active control over target stress and volume, which can easily lead to excessive uplift, local heave, or seepage instability, limiting repair efficiency and accuracy. Seismic loads have random and high-frequency characteristics, making it difficult for the design of reinforced walls or anchoring systems to cover all potential seismic conditions, resulting in over-design or under-design. The alternating attenuation of stress at the wall-soil interface and the expansion of the tensile zone during an earthquake are dynamic processes. Traditional technologies do not fully consider the nonlinear behavior of soil plastic deformation, liquefaction risk, or contact surface slippage, making it difficult to meet the needs of actual engineering projects. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In view of the above problems, the present invention provides a stress-controlled embankment post-earthquake settlement recovery system and method.

[0005] According to a first aspect of the present invention, a stress-controlled embankment post-earthquake settlement recovery system is provided, comprising: a bag assembly configured to include a plurality of bags arranged in series at the junction of the retaining wall and the embankment fill, and grouting pipes connecting the plurality of bags; a plurality of sensors configured to include an acceleration sensor disposed inside the fill for monitoring the horizontal acceleration of the fill, and a settlement sensor disposed at the bottom of the embankment for monitoring the vertical settlement of the embankment; and a processing device configured to process the sensing data of the plurality of sensors, generate at least one control signal, and based on the control signal... The actuator controls the handling of horizontal stress during earthquakes and embankment settlement after earthquakes. Specifically, when the horizontal acceleration of the fill is monitored by multiple sensors, the handling device controls the opening of the solenoid valve in the actuator to allow grout to flow between multiple horizontally connected bags, so as to apply horizontal confining pressure to the fill using the bags with updated grout volume and regulate horizontal stress. When the embankment settlement value is monitored, the handling device controls the grouting pump in the actuator to inject grout into the bag assembly through grouting pipes to regulate embankment settlement and restore the embankment to the design elevation.

[0006] A second aspect of the present invention provides a stress-controlled post-earthquake settlement recovery method for embankments, applied to the aforementioned stress-controlled post-earthquake settlement recovery system for embankments. The system includes a bag assembly, multiple sensors, and a processing device. The method includes: when the horizontal acceleration of the fill in the embankment is monitored by multiple sensors, the processing device controls the opening of a solenoid valve in an actuator to allow grout to flow between multiple bags connected in a horizontal series, so as to apply horizontal confining pressure to the fill using the bags with updated grout volume, thereby regulating the horizontal stress; when the embankment settlement value is monitored by multiple sensors, the processing device controls a grouting pump to inject grout into the bag assembly through a grouting pipe, thereby regulating the embankment settlement and restoring the embankment to the design elevation.

[0007] A third aspect of the present invention provides an electronic device comprising: one or more processors; and a memory for storing one or more computer programs, wherein the one or more processors execute the one or more computer programs to implement the steps of the method described above.

[0008] A fourth aspect of the present invention also provides a computer-readable storage medium having a computer program or instructions stored thereon, wherein the computer program or instructions, when executed by a processor, implement the steps of the above-described method.

[0009] A fifth aspect of the present invention also provides a computer program product, including a computer program or instructions that, when executed by a processor, implement the steps of the above-described method.

[0010] According to an embodiment of the present invention, during an earthquake, the horizontal acceleration of the fill is monitored in real time, and the opening of the solenoid valve is dynamically controlled by the processing device to flexibly adjust the flow and redistribution of grout between the series of sluice bags. This allows the horizontal confining pressure exerted by the sluice bags on the fill to offset the horizontal stress of the earthquake in real time, thereby effectively suppressing the displacement of the retaining wall and the expansion of the interface crack zone. This solves the problem that traditional technologies are difficult to control dynamically alternating stress in real time. After the earthquake, based on the monitored settlement value, the grouting pump is controlled to perform quantitative and adjustable compensation grouting into the sluice bag assembly. The volume of the sluice bags is increased through the grouting pipeline to lift the embankment and restore it to the design elevation. The controllability of the grouting volume and range is achieved through the feedback of the target settlement value, avoiding excessive lifting, local heave, or seepage instability caused by the lack of active control in traditional methods. This further improves the efficiency and accuracy of embankment repair under earthquake action. Attached Figure Description

[0011] The above-described features, other objects, and advantages of the present invention will become clearer from the following description of embodiments of the invention with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:

[0012] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the arrangement of a stress control and settlement recovery system based on seismic acceleration feedback according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown;

[0013] Figure 2A A schematic cross-sectional view of a bag for stress control and settlement recovery according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown;

[0014] Figure 2B A schematic diagram of an active control solenoid valve based on acceleration feedback stress according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown;

[0015] Figure 3 A flowchart of a stress-controlled embankment post-earthquake settlement recovery method according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown;

[0016] Figure 4 A schematic diagram illustrating the monitoring of acceleration and solenoid valve opening according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown. Detailed Implementation

[0017] Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings. However, it should be understood that these descriptions are exemplary only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention. In the following detailed description, numerous specific details are set forth to provide a thorough understanding of the embodiments of the invention for ease of explanation. However, it will be apparent that one or more embodiments may be practiced without these specific details. Furthermore, descriptions of well-known structures and techniques are omitted in the following description to avoid unnecessarily obscuring the concept of the invention.

[0018] The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to limit the invention. The terms “comprising,” “including,” etc., as used herein indicate the presence of the stated features, steps, operations, and / or components, but do not exclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, steps, operations, or components.

[0019] All terms used herein (including technical and scientific terms) have the meanings commonly understood by those skilled in the art, unless otherwise defined. It should be noted that the terms used herein are to be interpreted in a manner consistent with the context of this specification, and not in an idealized or overly rigid way.

[0020] When using expressions such as "at least one of A, B and C", they should generally be interpreted in accordance with the meaning that is commonly understood by those skilled in the art (e.g., "a system having at least one of A, B and C" should include, but is not limited to, a system having A alone, a system having B alone, a system having C alone, a system having A and B, a system having A and C, a system having B and C, and / or a system having A, B and C, etc.).

[0021] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the arrangement of a stress control and settlement recovery system based on seismic acceleration feedback according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown.

[0022] like Figure 1 As shown, the stress control and settlement recovery system according to this embodiment may include a bag assembly 1, configured to include multiple bags 11 arranged in series at the junction of the retaining wall 10 and the embankment fill 20, and grouting pipes 12 connecting the multiple bags 11; multiple sensors 2, configured to include an acceleration sensor 21 arranged inside the fill 20 for monitoring the horizontal acceleration of the fill 20, and a settlement sensor 22 arranged at the bottom of the embankment for monitoring the vertical settlement of the embankment; and a processing device 3, configured to process the sensing data of the multiple sensors 2, generate at least one control signal, and control the execution device 4 based on the control signal to process the horizontal stress during the earthquake and the embankment settlement after the earthquake.

[0023] When the horizontal acceleration of the fill 20 is monitored by multiple sensors 2, the processing device 3 controls the opening of the solenoid valve 41 in the execution device 4 to allow the grout to flow between multiple horizontally connected bags 11, so as to apply horizontal confining pressure to the fill 20 using the bags 11 with updated grout volume and regulate the horizontal stress; when the embankment settlement value is monitored, the processing device 3 controls the grouting pump 42 in the execution device 4 to inject grout into the bag assembly 1 through the grouting pipe 12 to regulate the embankment settlement and restore the embankment to the design elevation.

[0024] In embodiments of the present invention, the grout bag assembly 1 can refer to an assembly consisting of a closed grout bag made of flexible material and filled with grout, and its grouting pipes. Multiple grout bags are arranged longitudinally in series along the contact interface between the retaining wall and the embankment fill. The inclined surface of the grout bag faces the embankment fill side, and the straight surface faces the retaining wall side. During an earthquake, the lateral pressure (horizontal confining pressure) exerted on the fill can be rapidly changed by redistributing the grout among the grout bags to counteract the seismic inertial force; after an earthquake, the embankment is actively lifted by replenishing grout into the grout bags to compensate for post-earthquake settlement. The retaining walls are distributed on both sides of the embankment, with their bottoms embedded in the foundation.

[0025] For example, multiple retaining walls are connected in series along the height of the retaining wall, with the top surface of each retaining wall 0.5m away from the top surface of the embankment. The retaining walls on the left and right sides are connected by grouting pipes on the horizontal side, which allows for grout inlet and outlet.

[0026] The data monitored by the accelerometer 21 is a direct input to the seismic dynamic response and can be used to determine the magnitude and direction of the seismic load in real time, providing a basis for dynamically controlling horizontal stress. The data monitored by the settlement sensor 22 can be used to assess the deformation of the embankment after the earthquake, providing target values ​​for settlement recovery grouting. It should be noted that the specific types of the accelerometer 21 and settlement sensor 22 are not limited here, as long as they meet the monitoring requirements.

[0027] The processing device 3 can be a hardware device (such as an industrial controller or a dedicated computer) that includes a processor and a storage unit, and runs a specific control algorithm. For example, based on the received sensor data, it performs calculations, analysis, and judgments according to a preset algorithm to generate control commands or signals. The execution device 4 can refer to specific equipment controlled by the processing device 3 that can directly operate the bag assembly, including solenoid valves and grouting pumps.

[0028] For example, the bladders in the bladder assembly can be made of high-strength rubber or composite materials, and are in the form of flat columns or right-angled trapezoids, connected in series by high-pressure hoses. The grouting pipes can be designed as pipes along the horizontal plane of the road and vertical pipes along the vertical direction of the road.

[0029] For example, accelerometers can be arranged in a grid or linear pattern on the upper and middle parts of the embankment; settlement sensors (such as hydrostatic levels or settlement plates) are arranged along the longitudinal axis of the embankment and the toe line. All sensors can be connected to the processing device via a wireless network to transmit sensing data.

[0030] In one feasible embodiment, the accelerometer and sedimentation sensor can be equipped with a sealed, industrial-grade lithium thionyl chloride battery pack with wide-temperature operating characteristics. The battery pack can be built into the sensor housing or installed nearby in a protective box. In areas with ample sunlight, small solar panels can be installed near the sensor deployment location, along with a charge controller and a small energy storage battery (such as a supercapacitor or lithium battery) to form a micro-energy harvesting system.

[0031] In one feasible embodiment, after the construction or expansion of the embankment is completed, a reference grout can be injected into the sluice bag assembly to apply an initial, uniform static confining pressure to the fill, maintaining the initial static equilibrium of the embankment together with the retaining wall. For example, during an earthquake, the accelerometer detects a horizontal acceleration to the right, the processing device determines that the direction of the seismic inertial force is to the left, and the earth pressure on the right side needs to be increased to balance it. The device calculates the volume of grout that needs to be transferred from the left sluice bag to the right sluice bag; the processing device issues a command to open the solenoid valve on the pipe connecting the left and right sluice bags, allowing the grout to flow as needed. After the grout adjustment is completed, the solenoid valve is closed, increasing the pressure in the right sluice bag and effectively suppressing the rightward deformation trend of the fill.

[0032] In one feasible embodiment, after the earthquake, settlement sensors detected a 50mm settlement at the center of the embankment. Based on the settlement value and distribution, the processing device calculates the total amount of grout needed to be added to the target embankment; it then starts the grouting pump and slowly injects grout into the target embankment. The settlement sensors provide real-time feedback on the uplift data, and the processing device employs a cyclical control mode of "grouting-monitoring-pause-regrouting" until the embankment elevation returns to within the allowable error range.

[0033] Understandable. Figure 1 The number of pouches, sensors, and processing devices shown is merely illustrative. Any number of pouches, sensors, and processing devices can be included depending on the implementation requirements.

[0034] According to an embodiment of the present invention, during an earthquake, the horizontal acceleration of the fill is monitored in real time, and the opening of the solenoid valve is dynamically controlled by the processing device to flexibly adjust the flow and redistribution of grout between the series of sluice bags. This allows the horizontal confining pressure exerted by the sluice bags on the fill to offset the horizontal stress of the earthquake in real time, thereby effectively suppressing the displacement of the retaining wall and the expansion of the interface crack zone. This solves the problem that traditional technologies are difficult to control dynamically alternating stress in real time. After the earthquake, based on the monitored settlement value, the grouting pump is controlled to perform quantitative and adjustable compensation grouting into the sluice bag assembly. The volume of the sluice bags is increased through the grouting pipeline to lift the embankment and restore it to the design elevation. The controllability of the grouting volume and range is achieved through the feedback of the target settlement value, avoiding excessive lifting, local heave, or seepage instability caused by the lack of active control in traditional methods. This further improves the efficiency and accuracy of embankment repair under earthquake action.

[0035] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the cross-section of the bag 11 is trapezoidal, with the inclined side of the trapezoid facing the backfill 20 and the straight side opposite to the inclined side attached to the retaining wall 10. Multiple bags 11 are symmetrically arranged on the same horizontal plane relative to the center line of the embankment.

[0036] In embodiments of the present invention, the bag is quadrilateral in cross-section where it contacts the retaining wall and the backfill, with at least one pair of opposite sides parallel. The inclined and straight surfaces form a stable support structure. The inclined surface increases the contact area with the backfill, while the straight surface enhances the fit with the retaining wall, avoiding stress concentration. The inclined surface of the bag facing the backfill guides the earth pressure, converting the horizontal earth pressure of the backfill into a more stable normal force, reducing the shearing effect on the bag. The straight side, in contact with the retaining wall, ensures effective force transmission, provides a stable support base, and ensures that the reaction force generated when the bag expands can be effectively transmitted to the retaining wall structure. Multiple bags 11 are symmetrically arranged relative to the embankment centerline, meaning they are on the same horizontal plane. The multiple bags are symmetrically arranged left and right about the longitudinal centerline of the embankment. This method maintains the mechanical balance of the embankment, and the symmetrical layout ensures balanced stress on the backfill, preventing eccentric settlement or lateral torsional deformation of the embankment.

[0037] It is understandable that the sloped and straight sides of the retaining wall are optimized for the interaction characteristics of the backfill and the retaining wall, respectively. The sloped side faces the backfill, which can more effectively decompose and transmit soil pressure; the straight side is close to the retaining wall, ensuring the effective transmission of the support reaction force and the overall stability of the system. By integrating them symmetrically with respect to the embankment centerline, this layout allows the entire embankment-retaining wall system to maintain mechanical balance and work collaboratively when subjected to loads (especially dynamic loads such as earthquakes), achieving the effect of "active control" rather than "passive bearing".

[0038] For example, multiple trapezoidal-section grouting bags can be arranged in series along the height of the retaining wall and connected by pipes. The grouting pressure of each bag can be controlled independently or in groups. This system can achieve precise, zoned control of earth pressure at different depths along the wall height.

[0039] For example, the grouting bags, grouting pipes, and sensors can be prefabricated as standard modules in the factory. On-site installation only requires modular assembly and overall connection, which can improve construction speed and quality consistency.

[0040] According to embodiments of the present invention, the trapezoidal slope of the bag increases the contact area with the soil and optimizes the direction of earth pressure, allowing the limited expansion force of the bag to more effectively counteract the earth pressure and improve control efficiency. The symmetrical arrangement ensures the balance of the force system, avoiding localized stress concentration or embankment torsional deformation, thus improving control accuracy and safety. The modular design facilitates quality control and rapid on-site installation, and the rational structural design (such as direct contact with the wall) reduces abnormal wear of the bag, while its inherent reliability ensures the long-term service life and durability of the system.

[0041] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the bag 11 is made of reinforced fiber rubber, polyurethane composite material or geosynthetic material, and the outer surface of the bag 11 is provided with a rough structure or protrusions to increase friction.

[0042] In embodiments of the present invention, the reinforcing fiber rubber can be a composite material with natural or synthetic rubber as the matrix and high-strength fibers (such as nylon, polyester, glass fiber, or aramid fiber) incorporated for reinforcement, providing tensile strength and puncture resistance, while the rubber matrix provides elasticity, airtightness, and aging resistance. Polyurethane composite materials, with polyurethane elastomer as the matrix, can be formed by filling, blending, or laminating with other materials (such as fabrics or meshes), possessing abrasion resistance, tear resistance, hydrolysis resistance, and mechanical properties that can be adjusted within a wide hardness range. Geosynthetics can refer to high-strength, low-permeability composite materials used to manufacture air-filled or liquid-filled structures, such as warp-knitted coated fabrics, geomembrane composites, or high-strength geotextile laminates, which have high strength per unit weight, chemical corrosion resistance, and stable quality in factory production.

[0043] Rough textures or bumps can refer to microscopic or macroscopic structures formed on the outer surface of the bag in contact with the soil, created through physical or chemical methods to increase surface roughness and irregularity. For example, rough textures can be continuous or discontinuous textured surfaces formed by die embossing, surface sandblasting, chemical etching, or bonding specific particles (such as silica sand or rubber granules). Bumps can be discrete three-dimensional protrusions regularly or irregularly distributed on the surface; they can be integrally formed with the bag (such as molded bumps) or are additional components bonded later.

[0044] For example, for reinforced fiber rubber bags, multi-layer cord impregnation and winding or cord calendering and bonding processes can be used. During vulcanization molding, textures are pre-set in the mold cavity to integrally form a rough structure with specified patterns (such as diamond or wave patterns) on the surface.

[0045] For example, polyurethane composite bags can be molded using casting or thermoplastic processes. Specific particles (such as rubber particles) can be mixed into the liquid polyurethane raw material, or prefabricated polymer bumps (such as polyurethane hemispheres) can be bonded to the surface using adhesives or hot pressing while the polyurethane is not fully cured, forming a reinforced bump layer.

[0046] For example, geosynthetic bags can use high-strength polyester or fiberglass woven fabric as the base material, coated with PVC or polyurethane coating on both sides. Before the coating cures, a uniform rough surface or array of bumps is formed on the surface by a sand-spreading process (using hard quartz sand with a particle size of 0.5-2mm) or by embossing rollers.

[0047] In one feasible embodiment, the bag is trapezoidal, segmented in units with a height of 0.4~1.2m and a thickness of 10~25mm, made of reinforced fiber rubber, polyurethane composite, or geosynthetic material, with a rough outer surface or friction protrusions to enhance shear engagement with the soil. After slurry conditioning, the bag expands horizontally.

[0048] In one feasible embodiment, the grouting pipe and the trapezoidal sac are connected via a grouting pipe joint. The initial grouting volume is considered balanced if it matches the pressure sensor reading and the theoretically calculated value (which can be an empirical or reference value). Grouting is performed through the grouting pipe to restore embankment settlement. The grouting sequence is as follows: sacs on both sides at the same depth can be grouted simultaneously, starting from the bottom and working upwards. Each grouting volume should be kept within a small range, with gradual and refined control.

[0049] According to embodiments of the present invention, the rough structure or protrusions on the outer surface of the bag, combined with high-strength, high-modulus matrix materials such as reinforcing fiber rubber, can increase the friction coefficient and interlocking force of the bag-soil contact surface, effectively preventing harmful relative slippage between the bag and the surrounding soil under seismic cyclic loading or long-term earth pressure. This allows the active confining pressure generated when the bag expands, as well as the stress redistribution achieved through grout transfer during earthquakes, to be reliably transmitted to the soil, thereby improving the stress regulation efficiency and response accuracy of the entire system.

[0050] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the acceleration sensors 21 are arranged in a vertical array along the embankment height direction on the embankment centerline, and the spacing between adjacent acceleration sensors 21 and the spacing between adjacent solenoid valves 41 correspond to the spacing between adjacent bags 11 in the height direction; the plurality of sensors 2 also include pressure sensors 23 arranged inside the bags 11 for monitoring the horizontal confining pressure applied by the bags 11 to the fill soil 20.

[0051] In embodiments of the invention, multiple acceleration sensors 21 are arranged in one or more vertical linear structures within the embankment, along a direction perpendicular to the ground (i.e., the height direction). This array can be positioned at the longitudinal axis of symmetry (centerline) of the embankment cross-section. There are predetermined matching relationships in terms of values ​​and layout between the sensors, solenoid valves, and bladders. For example, the spacing between bladders is the same as the spacing between sensors, or the spacing between solenoid valves is an integer multiple thereof. Pressure sensors 23 can be used to measure fluid pressure; their sensing units are installed in the internal cavity of the bladder 11, directly contacting the slurry.

[0052] In an embodiment of the invention, a pressure sensor is arranged inside the bladder to monitor and provide feedback on horizontal pressure in real time. After the earthquake has ended and the embankment has settled, grout is injected into the bladder through a vertical pipe, and the amount of grout injected can be controlled in real time based on the data monitored by the pressure sensor.

[0053] For example, the area behind the embankment retaining wall is divided into control zones every 2 meters in height. An accelerometer is installed at the center of each zone, and a grouting bag is installed at the junction of the embankment and the retaining wall on both sides of each zone. Solenoid valves are installed on the grouting branch pipes connecting these bags (i.e., the spacing between adjacent solenoid valves corresponds to a 2-meter section height). A pressure sensor is installed at the corresponding inner corner point inside each bag. When an earthquake occurs, if the accelerometer in a certain zone detects an abnormal value, the processing device instructs the solenoid valve in that zone to activate, adjusting the grout distribution, and the pressure sensor in that zone verifies the pressure change.

[0054] In one feasible embodiment, based on mechanical analysis, a smaller spacing (e.g., 1 meter between sensors and bladders) can be used for dense deployment in the lower soil of the embankment (areas with high soil pressure and significant deformation) to optimize costs; while a larger spacing (e.g., 2 meters) can be used in the upper soil of the embankment. The spacing of the solenoid valves is also adjusted accordingly to match the zoning strategy.

[0055] According to an embodiment of the present invention, by arranging acceleration sensors in a vertical array along the height direction and corresponding to the spacing of the bags, it is possible to obtain the dynamic response distribution over the entire height range of the embankment, rather than data from a single node. This allows the processing device to determine the magnitude and distribution gradient of the seismic inertial force, thereby enabling precise, zoned, and graded control of the solenoid valves. This ensures that the horizontal confining pressure applied by the bags is highly matched to the seismic load in space, thus improving seismic resistance efficiency.

[0056] Figure 2A A schematic cross-sectional view of a bag for stress control and settlement recovery according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown.

[0057] like Figure 2AAs shown, the grouting pipe 12 includes a horizontal pipe 121 and a horizontal connector 122 connecting multiple bags 11 on the same horizontal plane, and a vertical pipe 123 and a vertical connector 124 for grouting multiple bag assemblies 1 in the embankment height direction; one end of the vertical connector 124 is connected to the top side of the bag 11, the other end of the vertical connector 124 is connected to one end of the vertical pipe 123, and the other end of the vertical pipe 123 is connected to the grouting pipe port of the grouting pump 42; one end of the horizontal connector 122 is connected to the inclined side of the bag 11 facing the backfill 20, the other end of the horizontal connector 122 is connected to one end of the horizontal pipe 121, and a solenoid valve 41 is installed on the horizontal pipe 121.

[0058] In embodiments of the present invention, the horizontal pipe 121 may be a slurry delivery pipe laid horizontally (generally parallel to the ground) for connecting multiple bags at the same horizontal height. The horizontal connector 122 may be a dedicated pipe fitting for connecting the horizontal pipe 121 to a single bag. It may be a tee, L-shaped, or angled adapter. The vertical pipe 123 may be laid vertically (generally perpendicular to the ground) for connecting bags at different heights or for supplying or discharging slurry to the entire bag assembly. The vertical connector 124 may be a dedicated pipe fitting for connecting the vertical pipe to a single bag or the horizontal pipe, and may be a T-shaped, cross-shaped, or straight connector.

[0059] One end of the horizontal connector 122 is connected to the inclined side of the bag 11 facing the backfill 20, allowing access to the horizontal pipe network from the side of the bag that is most mechanically active and has the strongest interaction with the soil. This enables the grout flow energy to directly and efficiently influence the force exerted by the bag on the soil. One end of the vertical connector 124 is connected to the top side of the bag 11, allowing grout to be introduced or drawn out from the top of the bag. This conforms to the natural laws of grout filling and emptying under gravity, facilitating construction and venting, and reducing interference with the lateral forces on the bag.

[0060] For example, the vertical connector 124 can be a magnetic interface, which can realize the connection between adjacent bags at different heights. The grouting pipe can pass directly through the interface to realize the grouting of each bag.

[0061] For example, horizontal pipe 121 and vertical pipe 123 can be made of high-pressure steel wire braided hydraulic hose or abrasion-resistant polyethylene (PE) rigid pipe. Horizontal pipes, requiring frequent adjustments, can use more flexible hoses; vertical main pipes can use rigid pipes with higher pressure resistance. Horizontal connectors 122 and vertical connectors 124 can be quick-connect hydraulic connectors or flange connectors for reliable sealing and easy assembly / disassembly. The connector material can be matched to the pipe, such as stainless steel or high-strength engineering plastics.

[0062] Traditional grouting pipes typically only have a single "injection" function, resulting in slow response and a tendency to cause uncontrollable fracturing. The embodiments of this invention, through the separate design of horizontal and vertical pipes, decouple the dynamic response (instantaneous adjustment of horizontal stress) and static recovery (overall vertical lifting) functions spatially and temporally. The deployment of solenoid valves on the horizontal pipes allows for high-speed grout redistribution during earthquakes entirely within the local horizontal network, resulting in a fast response time and achieving true dynamic control.

[0063] In traditional integrated piping designs, blockages or leaks at any point can affect the entire system. The hierarchical network structure in this invention allows localized faults (such as damage to a horizontal pipe layer) to be isolated by solenoid valves, without affecting the functionality of other layers and the vertical main structure. Simultaneously, pressure sensors can be deployed on each bladder, enabling independent monitoring of the status of each control unit. Dedicated connections—horizontal joints on the inclined side and vertical joints on the top side—also ensure more rational stress distribution on the piping, reducing the risk of leaks or damage due to improper connections and improving the overall reliability of the system.

[0064] Figure 2B A schematic diagram of an active control solenoid valve based on acceleration feedback stress according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown.

[0065] like Figure 2B As shown, the solenoid valve 41 is activated by a controller, and the opening size is controlled by the current value, thereby realizing the grout transfer between the two bags on the same horizontal plane of the embankment. The solenoid valve is arranged on the horizontal pipe 121 of the grouting pipeline, and the solenoid valve 41 is controlled by an acceleration sensor. The solenoid valve remains closed until the acceleration sensor detects data.

[0066] When the acceleration sensor detects a change in acceleration, different grouting flow rates can be achieved by controlling the opening area of ​​the solenoid valve 41 according to the algorithm. When the acceleration sensor detects that the acceleration remains at 0, it can be determined that the earthquake has ended, the solenoid valve 41 is closed, and the ultrasonic settlement sensor begins to monitor the post-earthquake settlement of the embankment.

[0067] An acceleration sensor is connected to a solenoid valve 41 to calculate the target slurry flow velocity. The solenoid valve 41 controls the opening size through current to achieve slurry delivery within the bags on both sides of the embankment. When the acceleration is 0, the solenoid valve closes, and the slurry in the bags cannot flow.

[0068] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the slurry is a composition of ultrafine cement slurry, micro-expansion cement slurry, silicate-chemical two-component slurry, water-reducing agent, polyurethane foaming material, and methyl cellosolve.

[0069] In the embodiments of the present invention, the ultrafine cement slurry can be a cement-based material that has been ground by a special process and has a median particle size (D50) of less than 1 micrometer, and has a specific surface area that is significantly larger than that of ordinary cement. As the matrix material of the slurry, the ultrafine cement slurry has extremely high permeability due to its ultrafine particle characteristics, which can penetrate into micro-cracks and silt layers that ordinary slurries cannot reach, so as to achieve fine filling.

[0070] Micro-expansion cement grout is a cement-based material that exhibits controlled volume expansion during hydration and hardening. This is typically achieved by adding an expansive agent, which plays a crucial role in compensating for shrinkage. It counteracts chemical and drying shrinkage during grout setting, ensuring tight contact between the grout and its surroundings, preventing the formation of new seepage channels, and improving bond strength. Silicate chemical two-component grout can be a grout system composed of two components: a silicate (such as water glass) and another chemical reagent (such as calcium chloride). Water-reducing agents can be surfactants, significantly reducing the amount of mixing water while maintaining grout fluidity.

[0071] Polyurethane foam materials are high-molecular polymers produced by the reaction of polyisocyanates and polyether / ester polyols, which can foam and expand upon contact with water or a catalyst. Methyl cellosolve is an organic solvent, specifically ethylene glycol monomethyl ether, which has good compatibility with water and many organic substances. It is mainly used as an organic modifier to adjust the viscosity of the slurry system, improve the compatibility of different components (especially polymers), and may also have a certain retarding effect, providing more time for slurry penetration.

[0072] For example, after an earthquake, the embankment experiences uniform settlement. By using micro-expansion cement slurry as the main component, incorporating ultrafine cement slurry to enhance penetration and close fine cracks, and adding water-reducing agents to ensure the slurry has good fluidity and pumpability, uniform distribution and precise volume control of the slurry within the bag can be achieved.

[0073] For example, the composition of the slurry can be adjusted appropriately according to actual needs. For example, 100 parts by weight of ultrafine cement slurry, 50 parts by weight of micro-expansion cement slurry, 30 parts by weight of silicate chemical two-component slurry, 0.5 parts by weight of water-reducing agent, 10 parts by weight of polyurethane foam material, and 20 parts by weight of methyl cellosolve.

[0074] In one feasible embodiment, to cope with complex and ever-changing uncertain working conditions, a basic composite grout can be prepared, comprising ultrafine cement slurry, micro-expansion cement slurry, water-reducing agent, and a small amount of methyl cellosolve. At the engineering site, based on actual conditions fed back by sensors (such as leakage and void size), component B of a silicate-chemical two-component grout can be added to this basic grout in proportion to control the gel time, or a polyurethane foaming material component can be added to increase the expansion volume. This single agent has multiple uses, allowing for flexible adjustment of grout performance according to real-time needs, achieving intelligent and adaptive grouting.

[0075] Traditional grouts, such as ordinary cement grout, have high shrinkage and are prone to water separation; chemical grouts have low strength and are prone to aging. The composite grout in this embodiment of the invention integrates the high permeability of ultrafine cement grout, the volume stability of micro-expansion cement grout, the rapid setting and controllability of chemical two-component grout, and the rapid expansion and flexibility of polyurethane foam materials. This allows the system to easily cope with various complex working conditions, from minor leaks to large cavities, and from requirements for rapid response to the pursuit of long-term strength, achieving multi-functional integration of seepage prevention, reinforcement, filling, and shrinkage compensation.

[0076] Figure 3 A flowchart of a stress-controlled embankment post-earthquake settlement recovery method according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown.

[0077] The stress-controlled embankment post-earthquake settlement recovery method of this embodiment can be applied to the stress-controlled embankment post-earthquake settlement recovery system described above. The system includes a bag assembly, multiple sensors, and a processing device.

[0078] like Figure 3 As shown, the stress-controlled embankment post-earthquake settlement recovery method may include operations S310 to S320.

[0079] When operating S310, with the horizontal acceleration of the fill in the embankment monitored by multiple sensors, the processing device controls the opening of the solenoid valve in the actuator to allow the slurry to flow between multiple horizontally connected bags, so as to apply horizontal confining pressure to the fill using the bags with updated slurry volume and regulate the horizontal stress.

[0080] When operating the S320, if the embankment settlement value is monitored by multiple sensors, the processing device controls the grouting pump to inject grout into the bag assembly through the grouting pipe to regulate the embankment settlement so that the embankment can be restored to the design elevation.

[0081] In an embodiment of the present invention, controlling the opening degree of the solenoid valve can refer to the processing device issuing a command to the solenoid valve installed on the horizontal slurry pipeline according to the control algorithm, adjusting the position of its valve core, thereby changing the slurry flow cross-sectional area (opening degree); under the control of the solenoid valve, the slurry is redistributed inside multiple bags at the same horizontal level that are interconnected by the pipeline; after the internal volume of the bags is changed by the slurry flow, the bags expand or contract and generate new lateral pressure (containment pressure) on the backfill soil in close contact with them.

[0082] Grouting the embankment assembly refers to the process where the treatment device, based on settlement data, sends a command to the grouting pump, driving it to pump additional grout into the entire embankment assembly through a network of vertical and horizontal pipes. Controlling embankment settlement can also refer to the process of quantitatively grouting the embankment assembly, causing it to expand and thus smoothly lifting the settled embankment structure, ultimately restoring its elevation to its original design position.

[0083] For seismic events, for example, control based on inertial force distribution involves the processing device integrating the signals from each acceleration sensor to obtain displacement, and then calculating the inertial force distribution at different heights of the embankment. Following the principle that "increased confining pressure is needed where inertial force is greater," the device controls the operation of the solenoid valves at the corresponding height levels, adjusting the grout flow from the side of the bag with lower inertial force to the side with higher inertial force. Another example is the preset target pressure curve for each bag (e.g., proportional to acceleration). When the acceleration sensor is triggered, the pressure sensor monitors the bag pressure in real time. The processing device compares the measured pressure with the target pressure, and the difference is used to calculate the adjustment amount of the solenoid valve opening using a proportional-integral-derivative control algorithm, achieving closed-loop pressure tracking control.

[0084] Following an earthquake, a tiered, micro-volume grouting control system can be implemented. The treatment device divides the total required grouting volume into multiple small batches based on settlement values. The grouting pump injects one batch of grout at a time, then pauses to allow the soil deformation to stabilize and for settlement sensors to provide feedback on the new elevation. This "grouting-waiting-monitoring" cycle is repeated until the elevation returns to within the allowable error range, preventing overshoot.

[0085] Traditional retaining structures passively bear seismic forces during earthquakes, making deformation difficult to control. In this invention, upon detecting horizontal acceleration, the opening of a solenoid valve is controlled to drive grout flow between horizontal pockets, actively and rapidly generating an increase in horizontal confining pressure opposite to the direction of the seismic inertial force. This dynamic countermeasure mechanism suppresses deformation at its inception, resulting in seismic performance far superior to traditional passive structures.

[0086] Traditional embankment settlement repair methods often employ ground grouting or pile foundation replacement, which are difficult to control precisely in terms of grouting volume and scope, easily leading to excessive uplift or insufficient repair. The embodiments of this invention, based on real-time monitoring of settlement values, control the grouting pump to inject quantitative and controllable grout into the entire embankment assembly. Because the embankment assembly expands as a whole, its uplift of the embankment is uniform and controllable, accurately restoring the embankment to the design elevation. This avoids the severe disturbance to the soil caused by traditional methods, significantly improving the uniformity and long-term stability of the repaired embankment.

[0087] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the above method further includes: determining the initial vertical stress of the embankment based on the fill density and soil height; and using the product of the soil pressure coefficient in the embankment and the initial vertical stress as the horizontal confining pressure applied by the bag to the fill.

[0088] In embodiments of the present invention, the embankment fill density can refer to the unit volume mass of the embankment fill soil, which can be obtained through field sampling or standard penetration tests. The soil height can refer to the vertical height of the embankment fill, the distance from the base to the top surface. The initial vertical stress can refer to the stress generated in the vertical direction when the embankment soil is subjected only to its own weight in a natural static state. The pressure coefficient can refer to the ratio of the horizontal stress to the vertical stress of the soil, typically referring to the static earth pressure coefficient. The horizontal confining pressure can refer to the horizontal pressure actively applied to the side of the fill soil through the bag assembly, with its target value set as the product of the pressure coefficient and the initial vertical stress.

[0089] For example, the fill density of the embankment can be determined by drilling and sampling and indoor geotechnical tests, and the soil height of each section of the embankment can be determined by using a total station or geographic information measurement system. The product of the fill density and the soil height is the initial vertical stress. Then, the pressure coefficient of the soil can be determined according to the type of soil, and the product of the initial vertical stress and the pressure coefficient can be determined as the horizontal confining pressure.

[0090] For example, the initial vertical stress of an embankment can be σ. v =ρgh, where ρ is the density of the embankment fill; g is the acceleration due to gravity; and h is the height of the soil. The horizontal confining pressure of the embankment can be σ. h =K0σ v K0 is the pressure coefficient, K0=1-sinφ, and φ is the internal friction angle of the embankment.

[0091] Accelerometers are positioned in the middle of the embankment, aligned vertically with the grout pipes, forming a vertical array. These accelerometers monitor the embankment's horizontal acceleration 'a' in real time.

[0092] During the static phase, when the pressure sensor readings equal the theoretically calculated horizontal confining pressure during grouting, the grouting is considered to have reached static equilibrium, and grouting is stopped. The grouting sequence starts from the lowest bladder and proceeds upwards sequentially.

[0093] Traditional methods often set confining pressure based on experience or uniform values, which can easily lead to a mismatch between the initial state and the actual stress in the soil, resulting in under-pressure (soil loosening) or over-pressure (bag fatigue). The embodiments of this invention calculate the initial vertical stress by using the fill density and soil height, and then combine this with the soil's unique pressure coefficient to ensure that the horizontal confining pressure applied by the bag precisely corresponds to the static equilibrium state of the soil. This allows the system to be at its optimal operating point from the beginning, eliminating the risk of initial interface slippage or deformation and improving the long-term stability of the system.

[0094] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the processing device controls the opening of the solenoid valve in the execution device to allow grout to flow between multiple horizontally connected bags, including: determining the horizontal confining pressure to be compensated at a point based on the horizontal acceleration monitored by the accelerometer and the backfill density corresponding to the point of the accelerometer; determining the volume change of the bag corresponding to the point based on the horizontal confining pressure to be compensated and the current volume of grout; determining the volume of grout to be injected into the target bag among the multiple bags based on the time required for the volume change; and controlling the flow rate of the grout in the grouting pipe by using the opening area of ​​the solenoid valve to regulate the volume of grout in the bag.

[0095] In embodiments of the present invention, horizontal acceleration can refer to the instantaneous value of the horizontal acceleration of fill particles caused by seismic motion, measured in real time by acceleration sensors deployed at specific points on the embankment. The horizontal confining pressure to be compensated can refer to the additional horizontal lateral pressure (compensation) applied by the corresponding bag at a specific point to balance the seismic inertial force on the fill at that point. The current grout volume can refer to the total volume of grout contained within the target bag or related bag group just before the control command is issued. The duration can refer to the planned or permitted time for the system to complete the adjustment of the aforementioned volume change.

[0096] The opening area of ​​a solenoid valve refers to the adjustable flow passage cross-sectional area inside the solenoid valve, which can be changed by controlling the displacement of the valve core.

[0097] For example, the direction of acceleration to the right can be set as positive, and the direction of acceleration to the left as negative. When the acceleration value increases, the horizontal confining pressure of the left-side sluice bag increases, and the grout from the left-side sluice bag is transported to the right; when the acceleration value decreases, the horizontal confining pressure of the right-side sluice bag increases, and the grout from the left-side sluice bag is transported to the right; when the acceleration stops, the post-earthquake embankment settlement can be measured through the settlement sensor at the bottom of the embankment. After the earthquake, grouting can be carried out through the grouting pipe to restore the embankment settlement and achieve post-earthquake horizontal stress balance. It should be noted that the positive and negative directions of acceleration can be determined according to actual needs; this is only for illustration and is not a limitation.

[0098] According to embodiments of the present invention, a method for calculating grout velocity based on seismic acceleration feedback can achieve passive-side dynamic buffering and active-side stress replenishment. Since the amplitude of acceleration varies along the embankment, the acceleration values ​​measured at each depth will differ. Taking the acceleration measured at the i-th layer as an example, the acceleration measurement monitors the real-time acceleration a. i The height of a single embankment is Δh, the density of the embankment fill is ρ, and the horizontal confining pressure (change in horizontal confining pressure) to be compensated due to acceleration on the passive side is Δσ. h =ρa i Δh, where Δh is the height of the accelerometer interval.

[0099] The change in horizontal confining pressure of the slurry bag is calculated using the calculation method, and the change in slurry volume is obtained. For example, in order to play a buffering role, the slurry bag can absorb the increased horizontal confining pressure due to passive action. The increase in horizontal confining pressure leads to a change in slurry volume ΔV, as shown in the following formula (1):

[0100] (1);

[0101] Where, Δσ h The horizontal confining pressure to be compensated.

[0102] The time interval for each acceleration monitoring is Δt, and the flow rate ΔQ of the slurry in the bag is calculated as shown in the following formula (2):

[0103] (2);

[0104] The flow velocity of the slurry material in the pipe is v, and the opening area Δs of the solenoid valve is controlled by the current as shown in the following formula (3):

[0105] (3);

[0106] In one feasible embodiment, by connecting the grouting pipe to the grouting port, grouting can begin from the bottom rightmost bladder. During grouting, the horizontal confining pressure sensor values ​​for each bladder are monitored and observed in real time to ensure the accuracy of the grouting process. When the horizontal confining pressure of the bladder reaches the theoretically calculated target value, the grouting process reaches equilibrium and grouting is stopped. At this point, the grouting sequence shifts to the left, and grouting begins for the leftmost bladders at the same depth, proceeding sequentially from bottom to top to ensure that each bladder section completes grouting synchronously at the same depth.

[0107] Following the earthquake, to ensure the embankment's settlement recovery, the system uses settlement sensors embedded at the embankment's base to measure settlement in real time. If the measured settlement is lower than the design height, additional grouting is required to restore settlement. In this case, the grouting sequence still follows a bottom-up approach, starting with the bottommost grout bag, and grouting is performed simultaneously at the same level. Experience shows that the greater the depth of the grout bag from the ground surface, the wider its control radius. Therefore, during the recovery phase, the grouting process should be performed multiple times, with each grouting volume kept within a small range, gradually implementing refined control to ensure effective recovery of embankment settlement under dynamic coupling.

[0108] Traditional methods, upon sensing vibration, often respond in a fixed pattern (such as opening all valves for a period of time), resulting in coarse control. The embodiments of this invention calculate the confining pressure to be compensated based on horizontal acceleration and fill density, establishing control on a mechanical foundation and achieving on-demand compensation. Furthermore, by determining the injection volume based on volume change and required duration and controlling the flow rate, precise control over both the amount and speed of compensation is achieved. This ensures that each adjustment is highly accurate, avoiding both over-compensation (avoiding resource waste and reverse disturbance) and under-compensation (ensuring seismic resistance), significantly improving control precision and energy efficiency.

[0109] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the processing device controls the grouting pump to inject grout into the bag assembly through the grouting pipeline, including: determining the total volume of grout to be replenished based on the settlement value and the lifting capacity per unit volume of the bag; dividing the total volume of grout into multiple stages for grouting, and generating a grouting control signal based on the volume of grout to be injected in each stage; and controlling the grouting pump to perform graded grouting into the target bag in the bag assembly through the grouting pipeline based on the grouting control signal.

[0110] In embodiments of the present invention, the settlement value can refer to the vertical displacement difference of a point on the current top surface or inside of the embankment relative to the original design elevation, measured by a sensor (e.g., a hydrostatic level, settlement plate). The lifting capacity data can be the conversion relationship between the effective force and displacement generated when a single sluice bag (or unit volume of grout) expands to lift the embankment. The total volume of grout to be replenished can refer to the total amount of grout required to be injected into the entire sluice bag assembly to compensate for the settlement value and restore the embankment to the design elevation, calculated based on the lifting capacity data.

[0111] Grouting control signals can refer to digital or analog signals issued by the processing device to the grouting pump based on the volume of grout to be injected at each stage, including commands such as start, flow rate, and stop. Staged grouting refers to the processing device driving the grouting pump according to the grouting control signals, causing the grout to pass through the grouting pipeline and be injected into designated bags or groups of bags in batches according to preset stages and volumes.

[0112] For example, if the total volume of grout to be replenished, V_total, is divided into N stages, then the change in grout volume in each stage (the volume of grout to be injected), ΔV, is calculated as ΔV = V_total / N. For instance, if V_total = 10 m³, and it's divided into 5 stages, then 2 m³ is injected in each stage. Considering the nonlinearity of soil compression and stress release, a decreasing gradation approach can be used. The first stage injects a larger volume, gradually decreasing it in subsequent stages to quickly approach the target and allow for fine-tuning.

[0113] In one feasible embodiment, the processing device can also dynamically adjust the injection volume in subsequent stages based on historical data and real-time feedback (such as pressure sensor readings). If the lifting efficiency after grouting in the previous stage is high, the planned volume in the next stage can be appropriately reduced, and vice versa.

[0114] Grouting control signals can include start commands, target flow rate setpoints, target grouting durations, or target cumulative flow rates. The system monitors the flow rate in real time via flow meters, and can automatically issue a stop command when the cumulative flow rate reaches the target cumulative flow rate.

[0115] Traditional methods rely on experience to estimate grouting volume, which can easily lead to insufficient grouting (substandard repair) or excessive grouting (causing new uplift or damage). The embodiments of this invention introduce data on the lifting capacity per unit volume of the grout bags, scientifically converting settlement values ​​into the total volume of grout to be replenished, thus providing a precise theoretical basis for calculating the repair volume. Staged grouting and settlement re-measurement after each stage form a closed-loop feedback loop, which can dynamically correct errors and improve the accuracy of embankment settlement recovery.

[0116] Figure 4 A schematic diagram illustrating the monitoring of acceleration and solenoid valve opening according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown.

[0117] like Figure 4 As shown, the time history curve of the solenoid valve opening is highly consistent with the time history curve of the monitored acceleration in shape. Figure 4 As shown in Figure (a), the acceleration curve experiences a sharp negative peak, then rapidly turns to a positive peak and decays with oscillations; as Figure 4 As shown in Figure (b), the solenoid valve opening curve follows this change almost synchronously, rapidly opening to its maximum after the acceleration reaches its peak, and then undergoing damped oscillations. It can be understood that the solenoid valve opening control is a direct and rapid response to the measured acceleration signal.

[0118] The larger the amplitude of the monitored acceleration (whether positive or negative), the larger the opening of the solenoid valve at the corresponding moment. This indicates that the control strategy is not a simple on / off response, but a proportional control. The required control intensity (reflected by the valve opening) is proportional to the input excitation intensity (reflected by the acceleration amplitude).

[0119] Traditional methods (such as post-earthquake reinforcement) or simple threshold-triggered control suffer from significant lag. According to an embodiment of the present invention, the solenoid valve actuates proportionally immediately after the acceleration reaches its peak, meaning that the redistribution of the slurry within the bladder and the resulting resisting torque can occur near the moment when the seismic inertial force reaches its maximum, thereby achieving optimal dynamic equilibrium, suppressing structural deformation in its nascent stage, and making excitation and response almost synchronous.

[0120] The flowcharts in the accompanying drawings illustrate the architecture, functionality, and operation of possible implementations of systems, methods, and computer program products according to various embodiments of the present invention. In this regard, each block in the flowchart may represent a module, segment, or portion of code containing one or more executable instructions for implementing the specified logical function. It should also be noted that in some alternative implementations, the functions indicated in the blocks may occur in a different order than those indicated in the drawings. For example, two consecutively indicated blocks may actually be executed substantially in parallel, and they may sometimes be executed in reverse order, depending on the functions involved. It should also be noted that each block in the flowchart, and combinations of blocks in the flowchart, may be implemented using a dedicated hardware-based system that performs the specified function or operation, or using a combination of dedicated hardware and computer instructions.

[0121] Those skilled in the art will understand that the features described in the various embodiments of the present invention can be combined and / or combined in various ways, even if such combinations or combinations are not explicitly described in the present invention. In particular, the features described in the various embodiments of the present invention can be combined and / or combined in various ways without departing from the spirit and teachings of the present invention. All such combinations and / or combinations fall within the scope of the present invention.

[0122] The embodiments of the present invention have been described above. However, these embodiments are merely illustrative and not intended to limit the scope of the invention. Although various embodiments have been described above, this does not mean that the measures in the various embodiments cannot be used advantageously in combination. Various substitutions and modifications can be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the scope of the invention, and all such substitutions and modifications should fall within the scope of the invention.

Claims

1. A stress-controlled embankment post-earthquake settlement recovery system, characterized in that, The system includes: The bag assembly (1) is configured to include multiple bags (11) arranged in series at the junction of the retaining wall (10) and the fill (20) in the embankment, and grouting pipes (12) connecting the multiple bags (11). The cross-section of the bag (11) is trapezoidal, with the inclined side of the trapezoid facing the fill (20) and the straight side opposite to the inclined side attached to the retaining wall (10). Multiple bags (11) are symmetrically arranged with respect to the center line of the embankment on the same horizontal plane. Multiple sensors (2) are configured to include an acceleration sensor (21) installed inside the fill (20) to monitor the horizontal acceleration of the fill (20) and a settlement sensor (22) installed at the bottom of the embankment to monitor the vertical settlement of the embankment. The processing device (3) is configured to process the sensing data of the plurality of sensors (2), generate at least one control signal, and control the execution device (4) based on the control signal to process the horizontal stress in the earthquake and the embankment settlement after the earthquake. In the case where the horizontal acceleration of the backfill (20) during an earthquake is detected by multiple sensors (2), the processing device (3) controls the opening of the solenoid valve (41) in the execution device (4) based on the horizontal acceleration to make the grout flow and redistribute among multiple horizontally connected bags (11) so as to apply horizontal confining pressure to the backfill (20) using the bags (11) with updated grout volume, thereby offsetting the horizontal stress of the earthquake in real time and suppressing the displacement of the retaining wall and the interface cracking. When the settlement value of the embankment after the earthquake is detected, the processing device (3) controls the grouting pump (42) in the execution device (4) to perform quantitative grouting to the bag assembly (1) through the grouting pipe (12) based on the settlement value, so as to increase the volume of the bag to lift the embankment and restore the embankment to the design elevation.

2. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The bag (11) is made of reinforced fiber rubber, polyurethane composite material or geosynthetic material, and the outer surface of the bag (11) is provided with a rough structure or protrusions to increase friction.

3. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The acceleration sensors (21) are arranged in a vertical array along the embankment height direction on the embankment centerline. The spacing between adjacent acceleration sensors (21) and the spacing between adjacent solenoid valves (41) correspond to the spacing between adjacent bags (11) in the height direction. The multiple sensors (2) also include a pressure sensor (23) located inside the bag (11) for monitoring the horizontal confining pressure exerted by the bag (11) on the fill (20).

4. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The grouting pipe (12) includes a horizontal pipe (121) and a horizontal connector (122) connecting multiple bags (11) on the same horizontal plane, and a vertical pipe (123) and a vertical connector (124) for grouting multiple bag assemblies (1) in the embankment height direction. One end of the vertical connector (124) is connected to the top side of the bag (11), the other end of the vertical connector (124) is connected to one end of the vertical pipe (123), and the other end of the vertical pipe (123) is connected to the grouting pipe port of the grouting pump (42). One end of the horizontal connector (122) is connected to the inclined side of the bag (11) facing the backfill (20), and the other end of the horizontal connector (122) is connected to one end of the horizontal pipe (121). The solenoid valve (41) is installed on the horizontal pipe (121).

5. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The slurry is a composition of ultrafine cement slurry, micro-expansion cement slurry, silicate chemical two-component slurry, water-reducing agent, polyurethane foaming material, and methyl cellosolve.

6. A method for post-earthquake settlement recovery of embankments based on stress control, characterized in that, The system is applied to the stress-controlled embankment post-earthquake settlement recovery system as described in any one of claims 1 to 5, the system comprising a bag assembly, multiple sensors, and a processing device; The method includes: When the horizontal acceleration of the fill soil in the embankment during an earthquake is monitored by multiple sensors, the processing device controls the opening of the solenoid valve in the actuator based on the horizontal acceleration to make the grout flow and redistribute among multiple horizontally connected bags, so as to apply horizontal confining pressure to the fill soil using the bags with updated grout volume, thereby offsetting the horizontal stress of the earthquake in real time and suppressing the displacement of the retaining wall and the interface cracking. When the embankment settlement value is monitored by multiple sensors after the earthquake, the processing device controls the grouting pump to inject grout into the bag assembly through the grouting pipe based on the settlement value, so as to increase the volume of the bag to lift the embankment and restore the embankment to the design elevation.

7. The method according to claim 6, characterized in that, The method further includes: The initial vertical stress of the embankment is determined based on the fill density and soil height. The product of the pressure coefficient of the soil in the embankment and the initial vertical stress is taken as the horizontal confining pressure exerted by the bag on the fill.

8. The method according to claim 6, characterized in that, The processing device controls the opening of the solenoid valves in the actuator to allow the slurry to flow between multiple horizontally connected bags, including: Based on the horizontal acceleration monitored by the accelerometer and the backfill density corresponding to the location of the accelerometer, the horizontal confining pressure to be compensated at the location is determined. Based on the horizontal confining pressure to be compensated and the current volume of slurry, determine the volume change of the bag corresponding to the point. Based on the time required for the volume change, determine the volume of slurry to be injected into the target bag among the multiple bags; The flow rate of slurry in the grouting pipe is controlled by the opening area of ​​the solenoid valve, thereby regulating the volume of slurry in the bladder.

9. The method according to claim 7, characterized in that, The processing device controls the grouting pump to inject grout into the bag assembly through the grouting pipeline, including: Based on the settlement value and the lifting capacity per unit volume of the slurry bag, determine the total volume of slurry to be replenished; The total volume of the grout is divided into multiple stages for grouting, and a grouting control signal is generated according to the volume of grout to be injected in each stage. Based on the grouting control signal, the grouting pump is controlled to perform graded grouting into the target bag in the bag assembly through the grouting pipeline.

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