Communication method and device, terminal, network side equipment and medium

Abstract

The invention discloses a communication method and device, a terminal, network side equipment and a medium, and belongs to the technical field of communication, and the communication method comprises the steps that before a first data packet related to a call service is sent, under the condition that a first condition is met, the terminal sends a second data packet; wherein the first condition comprises at least one of the following items: establishment of a first bearer is completed, and the first bearer is used for transmitting the first data packet; an SDP response message is received; sending of the SDP response message is completed; the terminal accesses the network through the satellite.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application belongs to the field of communication technology, specifically relating to a communication method, device, terminal, network-side equipment, and medium. Background Technology

[0002] Currently, in the call process initiated by the terminal, after receiving a 200 OK (success) response message from the called terminal, the calling terminal begins to send data packets related to the call service, such as Real-Time Transport Protocol (RTP) data packets. Then, after sending the RTP data packets, a Robust Header Compression (ROHC) process is initiated to compress at least one of the Internet Protocol (IP) header, User Datagram Protocol (UDP) header, and RTP header of the sent RTP data packets in order to improve the utilization of air interface resources.

[0003] However, in some low-speed scenarios, such as when a terminal accesses the network via a geosynchronous Earth Orbit (GEO) satellite, the transmission rate is only 1 kilobits per second (kbps). This means that during the initial call phase, transmitting a 20ms RTP data packet takes approximately 0.8 seconds, resulting in the inability to communicate normally for the first 4-5 seconds of the call.

[0004] Therefore, ensuring normal communication during the initial call phase is a problem that urgently needs to be solved when the transmission rate is low. Summary of the Invention

[0005] This application provides a communication method, apparatus, terminal, network-side device, and medium that can ensure normal communication during the initial call phase even at low transmission rates.

[0006] In a first aspect, a communication method is provided, executed by a terminal, the method comprising: before sending a first data packet related to a call service, the terminal sending a second data packet under the condition of satisfying a first condition; wherein the first condition includes at least one of the following: completing the establishment of a first bearer, the first bearer being used to transmit the first data packet; receiving a Session Description Protocol (SDP) response message; completing the sending of the SDP response message; and the terminal accessing a network via a satellite.

[0007] In a second aspect, a communication method is provided, executed by a first network device, the method comprising: upon satisfying a second condition, the first network device sending a first message to a second network device; wherein the first message is used to instruct the second network device to send a third data packet to a terminal, and the second condition includes at least one of the following: determining that the terminal has completed the establishment of a first bearer, the first bearer being used to transmit a first data packet related to a call service; determining that the terminal accesses the network via satellite; completing the sending of an SDP response message to the terminal; and receiving the SDP response message sent by the terminal.

[0008] Thirdly, a communication method is provided, executed by a fourth network device, the method comprising: upon satisfying a third condition, the fourth network device sending first information to an access network device; wherein the first information includes at least one of the following: the Internet Protocol (IP) address of the calling terminal, the port number of the calling terminal, the IP address of the called terminal, the port number of the called terminal, and a transport layer protocol; the third condition includes at least one of the following: establishing a first bearer for the calling terminal and determining that the calling terminal accesses the network via satellite, establishing a first bearer for the called terminal and determining that the called terminal accesses the network via satellite; wherein the first bearer is used to transmit a first data packet related to the call service.

[0009] Fourthly, a communication method is provided, executed by an access network device, the method comprising: the access network device receiving first information from a fourth network device, the first information including at least one of the following: the IP address of the calling terminal, the port number of the calling terminal, the IP address of the called terminal, the port number of the called terminal, and a transport layer protocol; upon receiving a fourth data packet, the access network device generating a fifth data packet based on the first information and the fourth data packet, and sending the fifth data packet to a target device.

[0010] Fifthly, a communication apparatus is provided, the apparatus including a first transmitting module; the first transmitting module is configured to transmit a second data packet before transmitting a first data packet related to a call service, provided that a first condition is met; wherein the first condition includes at least one of the following: completing the establishment of a first bearer, the first bearer being used to transmit the first data packet; receiving an SDP response message; completing the transmission of the SDP response message; and a terminal accessing a network via a satellite.

[0011] In a sixth aspect, a communication apparatus is provided, the apparatus including a second transmitting module; the second transmitting module is configured to transmit a first message to a second network device when a second condition is met; wherein the first message is configured to instruct the second network device to transmit a third data packet to a terminal, and the second condition includes at least one of the following: determining that the terminal has completed the establishment of a first bearer, the first bearer being used to transmit a first data packet related to a call service; determining that the terminal accesses the network via satellite; completing the transmission of an SDP response message to the terminal; and receiving the SDP response message sent by the terminal.

[0012] A seventh aspect provides a communication apparatus, the apparatus including a third transmitting module; the third transmitting module is configured to transmit first information to an access network device when a third condition is met; wherein the first information includes at least one of the following: the IP address of the calling terminal, the port number of the calling terminal, the IP address of the called terminal, the port number of the called terminal, and a transport layer protocol; the third condition includes at least one of the following: establishing a first bearer for the calling terminal and determining that the calling terminal accesses the network via satellite, establishing a first bearer for the called terminal and determining that the called terminal accesses the network via satellite; wherein the first bearer is used to transmit a first data packet related to a call service.

[0013] Eighthly, a communication apparatus is provided, comprising a receiving module, a third processing module, and a fourth transmitting module; the receiving module is configured to receive first information from a fourth network device, the first information including at least one of the following: the IP address of a calling terminal, the port number of the calling terminal, the IP address of a called terminal, the port number of the called terminal, and a transport layer protocol; the third processing module is configured to generate a fifth data packet based on the first information and the fourth data packet upon receiving a fourth data packet; and the fourth transmitting module is configured to transmit the fifth data packet to a target device.

[0014] A ninth aspect provides a communication device configured to perform the steps of the method described in the first aspect, or implement the steps of the method described in the second aspect, or implement the steps of the method described in the third aspect, or implement the steps of the method described in the fourth aspect.

[0015] In a tenth aspect, a terminal is provided, the terminal including a processor and a memory, the memory storing a program or instructions executable on the processor, the program or instructions, when executed by the processor, implementing the steps of the method as described in the first aspect.

[0016] Eleventhly, a terminal is provided, including a processor and a communication interface, wherein the communication interface is used to send a second data packet before sending a first data packet related to a call service, provided that a first condition is met; wherein the first condition includes at least one of the following: completing the establishment of a first bearer, the first bearer being used to transmit the first data packet; receiving an SDP response message; completing the transmission of the SDP response message; and the terminal accessing a network via satellite.

[0017] In a twelfth aspect, a network-side device is provided, the network-side device including a processor and a memory, the memory storing a program or instructions executable on the processor, the program or instructions, when executed by the processor, implementing the steps of the method as described in the second aspect, or implementing the steps of the method as described in the third aspect, or implementing the steps of the method as described in the fourth aspect.

[0018] In a thirteenth aspect, a network-side device is provided, including a processor and a communication interface.

[0019] The communication interface is used to send a first message to the second network device when a second condition is met. The first message is used to instruct the second network device to send a third data packet to the terminal. The second condition includes at least one of the following: determining that the terminal has completed the establishment of a first bearer, the first bearer being used to transmit a first data packet related to the call service; determining that the terminal accesses the network via satellite; completing the sending of an SDP response message to the terminal; and receiving the SDP response message sent by the terminal.

[0020] Alternatively, the communication interface is used to send first information to the access network device when a third condition is met; wherein the first information includes at least one of the following: the IP address of the calling terminal, the port number of the calling terminal, the IP address of the called terminal, the port number of the called terminal, and the transport layer protocol; the third condition includes at least one of the following: establishing a first bearer for the calling terminal and determining that the calling terminal accesses the network via satellite, establishing a first bearer for the called terminal and determining that the called terminal accesses the network via satellite; wherein the first bearer is used to transmit a first data packet related to the call service.

[0021] Alternatively, the communication interface is used to receive first information from a fourth network device, the first information including at least one of the following: the IP address of the calling terminal, the port number of the calling terminal, the IP address of the called terminal, the port number of the called terminal, and the transport layer protocol; the processor is used to generate a fifth data packet based on the first information and the fourth data packet when a fourth data packet is received; the communication interface is also used to send the fifth data packet to the target device.

[0022] In a fourteenth aspect, a readable storage medium is provided, on which a program or instructions are stored, which, when executed by a processor, implement the steps of the method described in the first aspect, or the steps of the method described in the second aspect, or the steps of the method described in the third aspect, or the steps of the method described in the fourth aspect.

[0023] In a fifteenth aspect, a wireless communication system is provided, comprising: a terminal, a first network device, a fourth network device, and an access network device, wherein the terminal is configured to perform the steps of the method described in the first aspect, the first network device is configured to perform the steps of the method described in the second aspect, the fourth network device is configured to perform the steps of the method described in the third aspect, and the access network device is configured to perform the steps of the method described in the fourth aspect.

[0024] In a sixteenth aspect, a chip is provided, the chip including a processor and a communication interface coupled to the processor, the processor being configured to run a program or instructions to implement the method as described in the first aspect, or the method as described in the second aspect, or the method as described in the third aspect, or the method as described in the fourth aspect.

[0025] In a seventeenth aspect, a computer program / program product is provided, the computer program / program product being stored in a storage medium, the computer program / program product being executed by at least one processor to implement the steps of the method as described in the first aspect, or the steps of the method as described in the second aspect, or the steps of the method as described in the third aspect, or the steps of the method as described in the fourth aspect.

[0026] In this embodiment, before sending the first data packet related to the call service, the terminal can send a second data packet if a first condition is met. The first condition includes at least one of the following: completing the establishment of a first bearer for transmitting the first data packet; receiving an SDP acknowledgment message; completing the transmission of the SDP acknowledgment message; and the terminal accessing the network via satellite. With this scheme, since the terminal can send the second data packet before sending the first data packet related to the call service, i.e., before the call phase, the second data packet can be sent to initiate the ROHC process in advance. Therefore, the ROHC process is started in the initial call phase, and even with a low transmission rate, the header of the sent RTP data packet can be compressed through the ROHC process in the initial call phase, thus ensuring normal call operation in the initial call phase. Attached Figure Description

[0027] Figure 1This is a block diagram of a wireless communication system applicable to embodiments of this application;

[0028] Figure 2 This is a signaling flowchart for a terminal initiating a call in related technologies;

[0029] Figure 3 This is a flowchart of a communication method provided in some embodiments of this application;

[0030] Figure 4 This is a flowchart of a communication method provided in some embodiments of this application;

[0031] Figure 5 This is a flowchart of a communication method provided in some embodiments of this application;

[0032] Figure 6 This is a flowchart of a communication method provided in some embodiments of this application;

[0033] Figure 7 This is a signaling flowchart of a terminal initiating a call in a communication method provided in some embodiments of this application;

[0034] Figure 8 This is a signaling flowchart of a terminal initiating a call in a communication method provided in some embodiments of this application;

[0035] Figure 9 These are schematic diagrams of the communication device provided in some embodiments of this application;

[0036] Figure 10 These are schematic diagrams of the communication device provided in some embodiments of this application;

[0037] Figure 11 These are schematic diagrams of the communication device provided in some embodiments of this application;

[0038] Figure 12 These are schematic diagrams of the communication device provided in some embodiments of this application;

[0039] Figure 13 This is a schematic diagram of the communication device provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0040] Figure 14 This is a schematic diagram of the hardware structure of the terminal provided in the embodiments of this application;

[0041] Figure 15 These are schematic diagrams of the hardware structure of network-side devices provided in some embodiments of this application;

[0042] Figure 16 These are schematic diagrams of the hardware structure of network-side devices provided in some embodiments of this application. Detailed Implementation

[0043] The technical solutions of the embodiments of this application will be clearly described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some, not all, of the embodiments of this application. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of this application are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0044] The terms "first," "second," etc., used in this application are used to distinguish similar objects and not to describe a specific order or sequence. It should be understood that such terms can be used interchangeably where appropriate so that embodiments of this application can be implemented in orders other than those illustrated or described herein, and the objects distinguished by "first" and "second" are generally of the same class, not limited in number; for example, the first object can be one or more. Furthermore, "or" in this application indicates at least one of the connected objects. For example, the scope of protection for "A or B" covers at least three scenarios: Scenario 1: including A but not B; Scenario 2: including B but not A; Scenario 3: including both A and B. In addition, the terms "A and / or B," "at least one of A and B," and "at least one of A or B" also cover at least the above three scenarios. The character " / " generally indicates that the preceding and following objects are in an "or" relationship.

[0045] The term "instruction" in this application can be either a direct instruction (or explicit instruction) or an indirect instruction (or implicit instruction). A direct instruction can be understood as one in which the sender explicitly informs the receiver of specific information, the operation to be performed, or the requested result, etc., in the instruction sent. An indirect instruction can be understood as one in which the receiver determines the corresponding information based on the instruction sent by the sender, or makes a judgment and determines the operation to be performed or the requested result, etc., based on the judgment result.

[0046] It is worth noting that the technologies described in this application are not limited to Long Term Evolution (LTE) / LTE-Advanced (LTE-A) systems, but can also be used in other wireless communication systems, such as Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA), Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA), Frequency Division Multiple Access (FDMA), Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access (OFDMA), Single-carrier Frequency-Division Multiple Access (SC-FDMA), or other systems. The terms "system" and "network" in this application are often used interchangeably, and the described technologies can be used with the systems and radio technologies mentioned above, as well as with other systems and radio technologies. The following description describes New Radio (NR) systems for illustrative purposes, and the term NR is used in most of the following description; however, these technologies can also be applied to systems other than NR systems, such as 6th generation (6G) radio systems. th Generation 6G communication system.

[0047] Figure 1This diagram illustrates a block diagram of a wireless communication system applicable to embodiments of this application. The wireless communication system includes a terminal 11 and a network-side device 12. The terminal 11 can be a mobile phone, tablet computer, laptop computer, notebook computer, personal digital assistant (PDA), handheld computer, netbook, ultra-mobile personal computer (UMPC), mobile internet device (MID), augmented reality (AR), virtual reality (VR) device, robot, wearable device, flight vehicle, vehicle user equipment (VUE), shipboard equipment, pedestrian user equipment (PUE), smart home devices (home appliances with wireless communication capabilities, such as refrigerators, televisions, washing machines, or furniture), game consoles, personal computers (PCs), ATMs, or self-service machines, etc. Wearable devices include: smartwatches, smart bracelets, smart headphones, smart glasses, smart jewelry (smart bracelets, smart chains, smart rings, smart necklaces, smart anklets, smart anklets, etc.), smart wristbands, smart clothing, etc. Among these, in-vehicle devices can also be referred to as in-vehicle terminals, in-vehicle controllers, in-vehicle modules, in-vehicle components, in-vehicle chips, or in-vehicle units, etc. Furthermore, terminal 11 can also be a chip within the terminal, such as a modem chip, a system-on-chip (SoC), etc. It should be noted that the specific type of terminal 11 is not limited in this application embodiment. Network-side device 12 can include access network equipment or core network equipment, wherein access network equipment can also be referred to as Radio Access Network (RAN) equipment, radio access network function, or radio access network unit. Access network equipment can include base stations, Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN) access points (AS), or Wireless Fidelity (WiFi) nodes, etc.In this context, a base station may be referred to as a Node B (NB), Evolved Node B (eNB), Next Generation Node B (gNB), New Radio Node B (NR Node B), Access Point, Relay Base Station (RBS), Serving Base Station (SBS), Base Transceiver Station (BTS), Radio Base Station, Radio Transceiver, Basic Service Set (BSS), Extended Service Set (ESS), Home Node B (HNB), Home Evolved Node B, Transmit / Receive Point (TRP), or any other suitable term in the relevant field, as long as the same technical effect is achieved. The base station is not limited to any specific technical terminology. It should be noted that in this application embodiment, only a base station in an NR system is used as an example for introduction, and the specific type of base station is not limited.

[0048] Core network equipment, also known as core network nodes, core network functions, or core network elements, includes, but is not limited to, at least one of the following: Mobility Management Entity (MME), Access and Mobility Management Function (AMF), Session Management Function (SMF), User Plane Function (UPF), Policy Control Function (PCF), Policy and Charging Rules Function (PCRF), Edge Application Server Discovery Function (EASDF), Unified Data Management (UDM), Unified Data Repository (UDR), Home Subscriber Server (HSS), Centralized network configuration (CNC), Network Repository Function (NRF), Network Exposure Function (NEF), Local NEF (or L-NEF), and Binding Support Function. Support Functions (BSF), Application Functions (AF), Location Management Functions (LMF), Gateway Mobile Location Centres (GMLC), and Network Data Analytics Functions (NWDAF), etc. It should be noted that this application embodiment only uses core network equipment in the NR system as an example and does not limit the specific type of core network equipment. If the name of the core network equipment mentioned in this application embodiment changes in subsequent protocol versions (e.g., 6G), it will still be within the scope of protection of this application.

[0049] Optionally, the core network equipment can be implemented by one or more functional modules in a single device, or by multiple devices working together; this application does not specifically limit this. It is understood that the aforementioned functional modules can be network elements in hardware devices, software functional modules running on dedicated hardware, or virtualized functional modules instantiated on a platform (e.g., a cloud platform).

[0050] The communication methods, devices, terminals, network-side equipment, and media provided in this application will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and through some embodiments and application scenarios.

[0051] ROHC is a technique for compressing the header of network data packets, primarily used in the air interface of wireless transmission to improve air interface resource utilization. The header includes static and dynamic fields, each with its own values. The functional entities of ROHC include a compressor and a decompressor.

[0052] The ROHC protocol defines three operating modes: Unidirectional mode, Bidirectional Optimistic mode, and Bidirectional Reliable mode. In Unidirectional mode, the decompression unit does not send feedback information to the compression unit when the wireless link is absent or the feedback channel is unavailable. In Bidirectional Optimistic mode, the decompression unit sends feedback information to the compression unit when a usable feedback channel exists, regardless of whether the decompression is successful or not. In Bidirectional Reliable mode, when the wireless link quality is good, the decompression unit always sends feedback information to the compression unit, regardless of whether the decompression is successful or not. Both the ROHC compressor and decompressor start in Unidirectional mode, then can switch to Bidirectional Optimistic mode as needed, and then to Bidirectional Reliable mode as needed.

[0053] The ROHC protocol also defines three compression states, from lowest to highest: Initialization and Refresh (IR), First Order (FO), and Second Order (SO). The IR state is the lowest order, producing the largest compressed packet header, potentially even larger than the original uncompressed header. The SO state is the highest order, producing the smallest compressed packet header and achieving the highest compression ratio.

[0054] Typically, the ROHC process is initiated after the terminal initiates a call and begins transmitting voice data packets.

[0055] For example, taking a 4G network as an example (this can also be used for 5G or 6G networks), such as Figure 2 As shown, the process of a terminal initiating a call is as follows:

[0056] Step 0. Terminal-1 registers with the 4G network and establishes a Packet Data Network (PDN) connection for transmitting voice services.

[0057] It should be noted that the concept corresponding to PDN connection in 5G network is PDU session.

[0058] Step 1. Terminal-1 initiates a call request to Terminal-2 via an Invite message, which carries the following information:

[0059] The Session Description Protocol (SDP) provides information about the voice media to be established in the offer.

[0060] Terminal-1's IP address: IP-1, where the IP address of Terminal-1 can be included in the SDP offer;

[0061] The access information of terminal-1 includes one of the following: access-type = 3GPP-LTE-SAT, which is carried in the P-Access-Network-Info (PANI) message header; the satellite identifier (ID) or cell global identifier (CGI) of terminal-1; the CGI is the globally unique identifier of the cell where the terminal is camped (when the cell is a 5G cell, it is NCGI, and when the cell is a 4G cell, it is ECGI).

[0062] Step 2. The P-CSCF sends an allocation request to the AGW, requesting the AGW to allocate a transport address for Terminal-1. This transport address can be an IP address or an IP address plus a port number.

[0063] Step 3. AGW sends the transmission address assigned to Terminal-1 to P-CSCF-1: IP-2, or IP-2 + port number.

[0064] IP-2 is the address corresponding to IP-1, and AGW stores the correspondence between IP-2 and IP-1.

[0065] Step 4. The P-CSCF modifies IP-1 in the Invite message to IP-2 and sends the modified Invite message to the S-CSCF.

[0066] Step 5. The S-CSCF sends the invite message to Terminal-2 through the IMS network element serving Terminal-2.

[0067] Step 6. Terminal-2 replies with a response message, which carries an SDP answer to negotiate the information of the voice media to be established.

[0068] The response message contains the IP address of terminal-2: IP-3.

[0069] Step 7. The network element providing services to Terminal-2 establishes a dedicated voice bearer for Terminal-2.

[0070] It should be noted that in 4G networks, the aforementioned dedicated voice bearer is an EPS bearer; in 5G networks, the aforementioned dedicated voice bearer is a QoS flow. The method for establishing the dedicated voice bearer is the same as steps 12 to 23 below.

[0071] Step 8. After establishing a dedicated voice bearer for Terminal-2, the network element providing services to Terminal-2 continues to send the response message containing the SDP answer.

[0072] Step 9. The above response message is routed to the S-CSCF, and the S-CSCF sends the response message to the P-CSCF.

[0073] Step 10. The P-CSCF sends an allocation request to the AGW, requesting the AGW to allocate a transmission address for Terminal-1.

[0074] Step 11. AGW sends the transport address assigned to Terminal-1 to P-CSCF-1: IP-4, or IP-4 + port number.

[0075] IP-4 is the address corresponding to IP-3, and AGW stores the correspondence between IP-4 and IP-3.

[0076] Step 12. The P-CSCF sends the negotiated media information to the Policy and Charging Rules Function (PCRF), which is obtained from the SDP answer.

[0077] It should be noted that PCRF is a device for 4G networks, while its corresponding device for 5G networks is the Policy Control Function (PCF).

[0078] Step 13. The PCRF sends the defined QoS policy to the PGW.

[0079] It should be noted that PGW is a 4G network device, while its corresponding 5G network device is the Session Management Function (SMF). This device can also be a 4G and 5G co-location device, SMF+PGW-C.

[0080] Step 14. The PGW sends an Update Bearer request to the SGW to establish a dedicated voice bearer.

[0081] Step 15. The SGW sends an update bearer request to the MME to establish a dedicated voice bearer.

[0082] It should be noted that MME is a 4G network device, while its corresponding 5G network device is the Access and Mobility Management Function (AMF).

[0083] Step 16. The MME sends a Bearer Modify request to the base station. This message contains the QoS parameters and EBI (EPS bearer ID) corresponding to the voice dedicated bearer.

[0084] The aforementioned messages may also include NAS layer messages, used to notify the terminal to establish a new dedicated bearer.

[0085] It should be noted that for 4G systems, the above message is a Session Management Request message, while for 5G systems, the message is a PDU session modification command message.

[0086] Step 17. The base station sends an RRC connection reconfiguration message to the terminal, which contains SRB-ToAddMod information, used to establish the DRB corresponding to the voice dedicated bearer.

[0087] Step 18. The terminal replies with an RRC connection reconfiguration response message.

[0088] Step 19. The base station sends a bearer modification response message to the MME.

[0089] Step 20. The MME sends an update bearer response message to the SGW.

[0090] Step 21. The SGW sends an update bearer response message to the PGW.

[0091] Step 22. PGW sends a response message to PCRF to notify PCRF whether the PCRF sending strategy has been executed.

[0092] Step 23. The PCRF sends a response message to the P-CSCF to notify whether the dedicated voice bearer has been successfully established.

[0093] Step 24. If the dedicated voice bearer is successfully established, the P-CSCF sends a response message to terminal-1; otherwise, it sends a cancellation message to terminal-2 to end the call.

[0094] Step 25. Terminal-1 sends a PRACK message to Terminal-2 in response to message 183.

[0095] Step 26. Terminal-2 replies to Terminal-1 with a 200 OK response message for PRACK.

[0096] Step 27. Terminal-2 starts ringing and sends a 180 ringing message to Terminal-1.

[0097] Step 28. When the user of terminal-2 answers the call, terminal-2 sends 200 OK.

[0098] In this process, the 200OK is routed to terminal-1. Terminal-1 determines that the user of terminal-2 is answering the call based on the 200OK. Terminal-1 then starts sending the voice data packets generated by the user of terminal-1, i.e., RTP data packets. After that, the ROHC process is started to compress the header of the sent RTP data packets to improve the utilization of air interface resources.

[0099] However, in some low-speed scenarios, such as when the terminal accesses the network via GEO satellite, the transmission rate is only 1kbps. During the initial call phase, since RTP packets have not yet been sent, the ROHC process typically has not yet started. Transmitting a 20ms RTP packet takes approximately 0.8 seconds, resulting in the first 4-5 seconds of uninterrupted communication.

[0100] Therefore, ensuring normal communication during the initial call phase is a problem that urgently needs to be solved when the transmission rate is low.

[0101] To address the aforementioned problems, embodiments of this application provide a communication method, apparatus, terminal, network-side device, and medium. The communication method provided in this application can be applied to scenarios where a terminal initiates a session.

[0102] In the communication method provided in this application embodiment, before sending the first data packet related to the call service, the terminal can send a second data packet if a first condition is met. The first condition includes at least one of the following: completing the establishment of a first bearer, which is used to transmit the first data packet; receiving an SDP response message; completing the transmission of the SDP response message; and the terminal accessing the network via satellite. Through this scheme, since the terminal can send the second data packet before sending the first data packet related to the call service, when the first condition is met, i.e., before the call phase, the second data packet can be sent to initiate the ROHC process in advance. Therefore, the ROHC process is started in the initial call phase, so even under low transmission rates, the header of the sent RTP data packet can be compressed through the ROHC process in the initial call phase, thus ensuring normal call operation in the initial call phase.

[0103] This application provides a communication method. Figure 3 A flowchart illustrating the communication method provided in an embodiment of this application is shown. Figure 3 As shown, the communication method provided in this application embodiment may include the following step 301.

[0104] Step 301: Before sending the first data packet related to the call service, the terminal sends the second data packet if the first condition is met.

[0105] The first condition mentioned above includes at least one of the following:

[0106] The establishment of the first bearer is completed, and the first bearer is used to transmit the aforementioned first data packet;

[0107] Received SDP response message;

[0108] Complete the sending of the SDP response message;

[0109] The terminal accesses the network via satellite.

[0110] Optionally, in the embodiments of this application, the above-mentioned call services may include, but are not limited to, at least one of the following: voice call service, video call service, extended reality (XR) call service, etc.

[0111] For example, taking the aforementioned call service including voice call service as an example, the aforementioned first data packet can be: a data packet generated based on the user's voice; or, a data packet generated with the user's voice as input; or, a data packet used to transmit data generated based on the user's voice.

[0112] For example, when the aforementioned call service includes video call service or XR call service, the aforementioned first data packet may include, but is not limited to, at least one of the following: voice data, image data, etc.

[0113] Optionally, in the embodiments of this application, the above-mentioned "before sending the first data packet related to the call service" can be understood or replaced as: before the terminal and the communication peer conduct a call; or, before the terminal and the communication peer enter the call phase.

[0114] Optionally, in this embodiment, the first data packet can be the first data packet among the data packets related to the call service. For example, assuming the data packets related to the call service include 10 data packets, then the first data packet is the first data packet among those 10 data packets. In this case, the first data packet is sent before the first data packet is sent, that is, before the 10 data packets are sent.

[0115] Optionally, in the embodiments of this application, the second data packet may include at least one of the following: a data packet containing a Silence Insertion Descriptor (SID), or a data packet not containing a message body.

[0116] Optionally, in the embodiments of this application, the data packets that do not contain a message body can be understood or replaced with data packets of empty frames.

[0117] Optionally, in the embodiments of this application, the above-mentioned data packet that does not contain a message body can also be understood or replaced as: a data packet that only contains a message header and does not contain a message body; or a data packet with an empty message body; or an empty packet.

[0118] Optionally, in this embodiment, the headers of the second data packet and the first data packet may be the same. The header includes one or more combinations of the following: an IP layer protocol header, a UDP layer protocol header, and an RTP layer protocol header. The IP layer protocol header may be an IPv4 header or an IPv6 header.

[0119] In this embodiment of the application, since the second data packet may include at least one of a data packet containing a silence tone and a data packet not containing a message body, different types of data packets with the same header can be sent when the first condition is met, so that ROCH can be started in advance before the first data packet is sent, thereby improving the flexibility of starting ROCH.

[0120] Optionally, in this embodiment of the application, at least one of the first data packet and the second data packet may be an RTP data packet.

[0121] Optionally, in this embodiment of the application, the satellite may include a GEO satellite.

[0122] For example, if the establishment of the first bearer is completed and the SDP response message is received before sending the first data packet, the terminal may send the second data packet.

[0123] For example, such as Figure 2 As shown, the terminal can send the second data packet after steps 24, 26, 27 or 28.

[0124] In the communication method provided in this application embodiment, before sending the first data packet related to the call service, the terminal can send the second data packet when the first condition is met. That is, before the call phase, the second data packet can be sent first to start the ROHC process in advance. Therefore, the ROHC process is started in the initial call phase. Thus, even when the transmission rate is low, the header of the sent RTP data packet can be compressed through the ROHC process in the initial call phase, which can ensure that the call can be made normally in the initial call phase.

[0125] It should be noted that the initial call phase refers to the phase before the terminal and the communication peer enter the call phase. It can also be understood or replaced as: call preparation phase; or call negotiation phase; or signaling negotiation phase.

[0126] Optionally, in this embodiment, the terminal can be the calling terminal. Exemplarily, after step 301, the communication method provided in this embodiment may further include step 302 or step 303.

[0127] Step 302: If the ROHC feedback message has been received before the 200 OK message is received, the terminal stops sending the second data packet.

[0128] Step 303: If the ROHC feedback message is not received when the 200 OK message is received, the terminal transmits the first data packet after receiving the ROHC feedback message.

[0129] Optionally, in this embodiment of the application, the ROHC feedback message may be received from the access network device.

[0130] Optionally, in this embodiment of the application, the aforementioned 200 OK message can be used to instruct the communication peer, i.e. the called terminal, to accept the call request and to conduct a call.

[0131] In this embodiment, if the ROHC feedback message has been received before the 200 OK message is received, the terminal can stop sending the second data packet, thus saving device power consumption. If the ROHC feedback message has not been received when the 200 OK message is received, the terminal will transmit the first data packet after receiving the ROHC feedback message, thereby ensuring that the ROHC process has been started when the first data packet is transmitted, thus ensuring that the initial call phase can be called normally.

[0132] Optionally, in this embodiment, the terminal can be the called terminal. Exemplarily, after step 301, the communication method provided in this embodiment may further include step 304 or step 305.

[0133] Step 304: If no answer instruction is received after receiving the ROHC feedback message, the terminal stops sending the second data packet.

[0134] Step 305: If no ROHC feedback message is received after receiving the answer instruction, the terminal sends a 200 OK message after receiving the ROHC feedback message.

[0135] Optionally, in this embodiment of the application, the above-mentioned answering instruction can be the user's input to the answering control, for example, the user selects the answer button.

[0136] In this embodiment, if no answer instruction is received after receiving the ROHC feedback message, the terminal can stop sending the second data packet, thus saving device power consumption. If no ROHC feedback message is received after receiving the answer instruction, the terminal can send a 200 OK message after receiving the ROHC feedback message, thereby ensuring that the ROHC process is started before the call, thus ensuring that the call can be made normally in the initial call phase.

[0137] This application also provides a communication method. Figure 4 A flowchart illustrating the communication method provided in an embodiment of this application is shown. Figure 4 As shown, the communication method provided in this application embodiment may include the following step 401.

[0138] Step 401: If the second condition is met, the first network device sends a first message to the second network device.

[0139] The first message is used to instruct the second network device to send a third data packet to the terminal, and the second condition includes at least one of the following:

[0140] It is determined that the terminal has completed the establishment of the first bearer, which is used to transmit the first data packet related to the call service;

[0141] It is determined that the terminal accesses the network via satellite;

[0142] Complete sending the SDP response message to the terminal;

[0143] Received an SDP response message from the terminal.

[0144] Optionally, in the embodiments of this application, the aforementioned third data packet may include at least one of the following: a data packet containing a silence tone, or a data packet not containing a message body.

[0145] Optionally, in this embodiment, the headers of the third data packet and the first data packet may be the same. The header includes one or more combinations of the following: an IP layer protocol header, a UDP layer protocol header, and an RTP layer protocol header. The IP layer protocol header may be an IPv4 header or an IPv6 header.

[0146] Optionally, in this embodiment of the application, at least one of the first data packet and the aforementioned third data packet is an RTP data packet, and the first data packet is related to the call service.

[0147] For further descriptions of the third data packet, please refer to the relevant descriptions of the second data packet in the above embodiments. To avoid repetition, they will not be repeated here.

[0148] Optionally, in this embodiment of the application, the satellite may include a GEO satellite.

[0149] Optionally, in this embodiment of the application, the terminal accessing the network via satellite can be understood as: the terminal accessing the IMS network, 6G network, 5G network or 4G network via satellite; or, the terminal initiating or receiving call requests via satellite.

[0150] Optionally, in this embodiment of the application, the first network device may include a P-CSCF, and the second network device may include an access gateway (AGW).

[0151] Optionally, in embodiments of this application, the first message may include at least one of the following:

[0152] The first instruction information is used to instruct the terminal to send the aforementioned third data packet;

[0153] The transmission address corresponding to the terminal;

[0154] The second network device assigns a transmission address to the terminal.

[0155] In this embodiment of the application, since the first message may include at least one of the first instruction information, the transmission address corresponding to the terminal, and the transmission address allocated to the terminal by the second network device, different first messages can be sent to the second network device to instruct the second network device to send a third data packet to the terminal, thereby improving the flexibility of instructing the second network device to send a third data packet to the terminal.

[0156] In the communication method provided in this application embodiment, since the first network device can send a first message to the second network device to instruct the second network device to send a third data packet to the terminal when the second condition is met, the second network device can send a third data packet to the terminal before the call phase to start the ROHC process in advance. This ensures that the ROHC process is started in the initial call phase, so that even when the transmission rate is low, the header of the sent RTP data packet can be compressed through the ROHC process in the initial call phase, thus ensuring that the call can be made normally in the initial call phase.

[0157] Optionally, in this embodiment of the application, before step 401 above, the communication method provided in this embodiment of the application may further include step 402 below.

[0158] Step 402: The first network device determines that the terminal accesses the network via satellite based on the terminal's access information.

[0159] The access information mentioned above is obtained from the Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) invitation message from the terminal or from a third network device.

[0160] Optionally, in the embodiments of this application, the third network device can be a PCRF in a 4G network, or the third network device can be a PCF in a 5G network.

[0161] In this embodiment, since the first network device can determine that the terminal accesses the network via satellite based on terminal access information from the terminal or the third network device, different information can be used to determine that the terminal accesses the network via satellite, thereby improving the flexibility of determining that the terminal accesses the network via satellite.

[0162] For further descriptions of the communication methods provided in the embodiments of this application, please refer to the relevant descriptions in the above terminal-side method embodiments. To avoid repetition, they will not be repeated here.

[0163] This application also provides a communication method. Figure 5 A flowchart illustrating the communication method provided in an embodiment of this application is shown. Figure 5 As shown, the communication method provided in this application embodiment may include the following step 501.

[0164] Step 501: If the third condition is met, the fourth network device sends the first information to the access network device.

[0165] The first piece of information mentioned above includes at least one of the following: the IP address of the calling terminal, the port number of the calling terminal, the IP address of the called terminal, the port number of the called terminal, and the transport layer protocol.

[0166] The third condition mentioned above includes at least one of the following: establishing the first bearer for the calling terminal and determining that the calling terminal accesses the network via satellite; establishing the first bearer for the called terminal and determining that the called terminal accesses the network via satellite; wherein the first bearer is used to transmit the first data packet related to the call service.

[0167] Optionally, in this embodiment of the application, the fourth network device may be an MME or an SMF.

[0168] Optionally, in the embodiments of this application, the IP address of the calling terminal, the port number of the calling terminal, the IP address of the called terminal, the port number of the called terminal, and the transport layer protocol can also be referred to as five-tuple information.

[0169] Optionally, in this embodiment of the application, the transport layer protocol mentioned above can be the transport layer protocol used by the first data packet related to the call service.

[0170] Optionally, in this embodiment of the application, the above-mentioned transport layer protocol can be indicated by a protocol number.

[0171] For example, the transport layer protocol mentioned above can be one of UDP, TCP, or Quick UDP Internet Connection (QUIC). Specifically, for voice data packets, UDP can be used.

[0172] It should be noted that since the default voice data packets all use the UDP protocol, the first piece of information mentioned above may not include the transport layer protocol.

[0173] Optionally, in this embodiment of the application, the satellite may include a GEO satellite.

[0174] Optionally, in the embodiments of this application, the above step 501 can be specifically implemented by the following step 501a.

[0175] Step 501a: If the third condition is met, the fourth network device sends the first information to the access network device through the first parameter.

[0176] The first parameter mentioned above includes at least one of the following: Traffic Flow Template (TFT) parameter, Quality of Service (QoS) rule parameter, and Packet filter parameter.

[0177] Optionally, in this embodiment of the application, when the fourth network device is an MME, the first parameter may include at least one of the transport flow template parameter and the packet filtering parameter.

[0178] Optionally, in this embodiment of the application, when the fourth network device is an SMF, the first parameter may include at least one of a quality of service rule parameter and a packet filtering parameter.

[0179] In this embodiment of the application, since the fourth network device can send the first information to the access network device through the first parameter, there is no need to add signaling separately for the transmission of the first information, thereby saving signaling overhead.

[0180] Optionally, in the embodiments of this application, the above step 501 can be implemented by the following step 501b.

[0181] Step 501b: If the third condition is met and it is determined that the calling terminal or the called terminal accesses the network via satellite, the fourth network device sends the first information to the access network device.

[0182] In this embodiment, since the fourth network device sends the first information to the access network device when the third condition is met and it is determined that the calling terminal or the called terminal accesses the network via satellite, the first information can be sent only when the current transmission rate is determined to be low, thereby avoiding unnecessary information transmission when the transmission rate is high.

[0183] In the communication method provided in this application embodiment, since the fourth network device can send IP-related information to the access network device when the third condition is met, the first data packet sent by the terminal to the access network device does not need to carry the IP-related information during the initial call phase. This reduces the size of the first data packet and shortens the transmission time of the first data packet, thereby reducing the latency during the initial call phase and ensuring normal communication during the initial call phase.

[0184] Optionally, the communication method provided in the embodiments of this application may further include the following steps 502 or 503.

[0185] Step 502: The fourth network device determines, based on the first access information, that the calling terminal accesses the network via satellite.

[0186] The aforementioned first access information is obtained from the access network device or the fifth network device.

[0187] Step 503: The fourth network device determines, based on the second access information, that the called terminal accesses the network via satellite.

[0188] The aforementioned second access information is obtained from the access network device or the fifth network device.

[0189] Optionally, in this embodiment of the application, the fifth network device may be an AMF.

[0190] In this embodiment, since the fourth network device can determine whether the calling terminal or the called terminal accesses the network via satellite based on the access information obtained from the access network device or the fifth network device, it can obtain access information from different devices to determine whether the terminal accesses the network via satellite, thereby improving the flexibility of determining whether the terminal accesses the network via satellite.

[0191] For further descriptions of the communication methods provided in the embodiments of this application, please refer to the relevant descriptions in the above-described terminal-side method embodiments and the above-described first network device-side method embodiments. To avoid repetition, they will not be repeated here.

[0192] This application also provides a communication method. Figure 6 A flowchart illustrating the communication method provided in an embodiment of this application is shown. Figure 6 As shown, the communication method provided in this application embodiment may include the following steps 601 and 602.

[0193] Step 601: The access network device receives the first information from the fourth network device.

[0194] The first piece of information mentioned above includes at least one of the following: the IP address of the calling terminal, the port number of the calling terminal, the IP address of the called terminal, the port number of the called terminal, and the transport layer protocol.

[0195] Optionally, in the embodiments of this application, step 601 above can be specifically implemented by step 601a below.

[0196] Step 601a: The access network device receives the first parameter from the fourth network device and obtains the first information from the first parameter.

[0197] The first parameter mentioned above includes at least one of the following: transport flow template parameter, quality of service rule parameter, and packet filtering parameter.

[0198] Step 602: Upon receiving the fourth data packet, the access network device generates a fifth data packet based on the first information and the fourth data packet, and sends the fifth data packet to the target device.

[0199] Optionally, in this embodiment of the application, if the fourth data packet is a data packet sent by the terminal, the target device is the sixth network device; or, if the fourth data packet is a data packet sent by the sixth network device, the target device is the terminal.

[0200] Optionally, in this embodiment of the application, the sixth network device may be a PGW.

[0201] In the communication method provided in this application embodiment, since the access network device can receive IP-related information from the fourth network device, and upon receiving the fourth data packet, generates a fifth data packet based on the first information and the fourth data packet, and sends the fifth data packet to the target device, in the initial call phase, the first data packet sent by the terminal to the access network device does not need to carry the IP-related information, thereby reducing the size of the first data packet and shortening the transmission time of the first data packet. This reduces the latency in the initial call phase and ensures that the initial call phase can be conducted normally.

[0202] Optionally, the communication method provided in the embodiments of this application may further include the following steps 603 or 604.

[0203] Step 603: The access network device sends the first context identifier to the terminal.

[0204] The first context identifier is used to identify the ROHC context related to the first information.

[0205] Optionally, in this embodiment of the application, the ROHC context related to the first information mentioned above includes: parameter information used during ROHC compression.

[0206] Optionally, in this embodiment of the application, the access network device may store the correspondence between the first context identifier and the first information.

[0207] Step 604: The access network device receives the second context identifier sent by the terminal.

[0208] The second context identifier is used to identify the ROHC context related to the first information.

[0209] Optionally, in this embodiment of the application, the access network device may store the correspondence between the second context identifier and the first information.

[0210] Optionally, the communication method provided in this application embodiment may further include the following step 605.

[0211] Step 605: The access network device obtains the second information based on the second context identifier.

[0212] The second piece of information mentioned above includes at least one of the following:

[0213] The above is the first piece of information;

[0214] Information related to IPv4;

[0215] Information related to IPv6.

[0216] Optionally, in this embodiment of the application, the IPv4 related information mentioned above may include at least one of the following:

[0217] Version information;

[0218] Header length information;

[0219] Service type information;

[0220] Agreement information;

[0221] IP identifier, tag, and slice offset information.

[0222] For example, the IPv4-related information mentioned above may include:

[0223] version(4): IPv4

[0224] Header length (4): Default 20 bytes

[0225] TOS(8): The default value for RTP

[0226] protocol(8): UDP

[0227] IP identification+flag+flagment offset(32): No fragmentation by default.

[0228] Optionally, in this embodiment of the application, the IPv6 related information mentioned above may include at least one of the following:

[0229] Version information;

[0230] Traffic volume information;

[0231] Next header information.

[0232] For example, the IPv6-related information mentioned above may include:

[0233] version(4): IPv6

[0234] TC(8): The default value for RTP

[0235] Next Header(8): UDP

[0236] In this embodiment of the application, since the access network device can obtain at least one of the first information, IPv4 related information and IPv6 related information according to the second context identifier, the terminal no longer needs to send IP related information, thereby reducing the amount of terminal data transmission, shortening the terminal transmission latency, and ensuring normal calls.

[0237] For further descriptions of the communication methods provided in the embodiments of this application, please refer to the relevant descriptions in the above-described terminal-side method embodiments, the above-described first network device-side method embodiments, and the above-described fourth network device-side method embodiments. To avoid repetition, these descriptions will not be repeated here.

[0238] The communication method provided in the embodiments of this application will be described exemplarily below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0239] For example, combined Figure 2 ,like Figure 7 As shown, in the call initiation process of the terminal using related technologies, the following two options are added:

[0240] Option 1: P-CSCF triggers AGW to send the second data packet to terminal-1;

[0241] AP-CSCF sends a message to AGW instructing AGW to send a second data packet to terminal-1.

[0242] The above message contains at least one of the following: indication: used to indicate sending a second data packet to the terminal; the transmission address corresponding to terminal-1; the transmission address assigned to terminal-1 by AGW.

[0243] The P-CSCF initiates the request when at least one of the following conditions is met: when terminal-1 has completed establishing a voice bearer (receiving step 23); when terminal-1 accesses the network via satellite; or when terminal-1 accesses the network via GEO satellite.

[0244] Specifically, the P-CSCF determines whether the terminal accesses the network via satellite or via GEO satellite based on the access information carried by the terminal in step 1; or, the P-CSCF determines this based on the access information of terminal-1 obtained from the PCRF (4G network element) or PCF (5G network element).

[0245] It should be noted that "Terminal-1 accessing the network via satellite" can be understood as Terminal-1 accessing the IMS network, 6G network, 5G network, or 4G network via satellite; or the terminal initiating or receiving call requests via satellite. The second data packet includes a silence packet or an empty packet. The destination address of this specific data is IP-1, and the source address is IP-4.

[0246] B.AGW sends a response message.

[0247] C.AGW generates a second data packet based on the message from step 1 and sends it to terminal-1.

[0248] It should be noted that step A can be combined with step 10, that is, step 10 includes an indication, and the AGW sends the second data packet based on the indication (in this case, the AGW does not need to send the second data packet after confirming that the voice bearer has been established).

[0249] Option 2: After confirming that the voice bearer has been established and receiving the SDP answer, Terminal-1 actively sends the second data packet.

[0250] Terminal-1 may send the second data packet after step 24, 26, 27, or 28.

[0251] Optional:

[0252] If Terminal-1 is the caller: If it receives ROHC feedback from the base station (the base station confirms the start of ROHC function) before receiving 200 OK, the terminal can stop sending the second data packet; if the terminal does not receive ROHC feedback before receiving 200 OK, the terminal will wait to receive ROHC feedback before starting to transmit the formal voice packet.

[0253] If terminal-1 is called: (equivalent to...) Figure 7 (2) If the terminal does not receive the user's answer instruction after receiving the ROHC feedback, the terminal stops sending the second data packet; if the terminal does not receive the ROHC feedback after receiving the user's answer instruction, the terminal sends a 200 OK message after receiving the ROHC start instruction message.

[0254] It should be noted that option 1 and option 2 above can be supported individually or both.

[0255] Through the above scheme, AGW can send the second data packet to Terminal-1 in advance, or Terminal-1 can send the second data packet in advance, so that the base station can start the ROHC process in advance before the formal call. This way, ROHC is already started during the formal call, thus avoiding the problem of long transmission time and inability to make normal calls due to the lack of ROHC for the first few voice packets.

[0256] For example, combined Figure 2 ,like Figure 8 As shown, the differences between the terminal-initiated call process and that of related technologies are as follows:

[0257] Step 16. The MME sends the quintuple information to the base station.

[0258] The above quintuple includes: calling IP address, calling port number, called IP address, called port number, and protocol number.

[0259] The protocol number indicates whether SDP or TCP is used. For voice data packets, SDP is used. The protocol number can also be omitted, as voice data packets use SDP by default. In this case, the MME sends a four-tuple to the base station.

[0260] The aforementioned quintuple information can be carried through TFT parameters or Packet filter parameters.

[0261] The MME sends the five-tuple information to the base station when at least one of the following conditions is met: establishing a voice bearer for terminal-1; determining that terminal-1 accesses the network via satellite; or determining that terminal-1 accesses the network via GEO satellite.

[0262] The MME determines whether the terminal accesses the network via satellite or via GEO satellite based on the access information sent by the base station.

[0263] It should be noted that "Terminal-1 accessing the network via satellite" can be understood as Terminal-1 accessing a 6G, 5G, or 4G satellite network. Step 16 is described using 4G as an example. For 5G, the SMF includes five-tuple information in the N2 SM information and sends it to the base station via the AMF. The five-tuple information is carried through QoS rule parameters or Packet filter parameters.

[0264] SMF sends a five-tuple message to the base station when at least one of the following conditions is met: establishing a voice bearer for terminal-1; determining that terminal-1 accesses the network via satellite; or determining that terminal-1 accesses the network via GEO satellite.

[0265] The SMF determines whether the terminal accesses the network via satellite or via GEO satellite based on the access information sent by the AMF.

[0266] Step 17. Optionally, the base station carries the first CID information in step 17.

[0267] The first CID is used for ROHC compression when the base station sends downlink data packets. The base station stores the correspondence between the first CID information and the five-tuple information of terminal-1.

[0268] Step 18. Optionally, terminal-1 carries the second CID information in step 18.

[0269] The second CID is used for ROHC compression when the terminal sends uplink data packets. The base station stores the correspondence between this second CID information and the five-tuple information of terminal-1.

[0270] Step 29. The terminal sends an uplink data packet carrying the second CID information; the base station obtains the five-tuple information based on the second CID information, and optionally, may also obtain at least one of the following:

[0271] IPv4:

[0272] version(4): IPv4

[0273] Header length (4): Default 20 bytes

[0274] TOS(8): The default value for RTP

[0275] protocol(8): UDP

[0276] IP identification+flag+flagment offset(32): No fragmentation by default;

[0277] IPv6:

[0278] version(4): IPv6

[0279] TC(8): The default value for RTP

[0280] Next Header(8): UDP.

[0281] The base station sends downlink data packets carrying the first CID information; the terminal obtains the five-tuple information based on the first CID information, and optionally, may also obtain at least one of the following:

[0282] IPv4:

[0283] version(4): IPv4

[0284] Header length (4): Default 20 bytes

[0285] TOS(8): The default value for RTP

[0286] protocol(8): UDP

[0287] IP identification+flag+flagment offset(32): No fragmentation by default;

[0288] IPv6:

[0289] version(4): IPv6

[0290] TC(8): The default value for RTP

[0291] Next Header(8): UDP.

[0292] Optionally, the terminal enters the FO level 1 compression state of ROHC.

[0293] In this way, the terminal does not need to send IP headers, port numbers, and other information, reducing data transmission volume, shortening terminal transmission latency, and ensuring normal calls.

[0294] The above-described method embodiments, or various possible implementations of the method embodiments, can be executed individually, or, provided there are no contradictions, they can be combined with each other. The specific implementation can be determined according to actual usage requirements, and this application embodiment does not impose any restrictions on this.

[0295] The communication method provided in this application can be executed by a communication device. This application uses the example of a communication device executing the communication method to illustrate the communication device provided in this application.

[0296] This application provides a communication device. As an example, the communication device may be a communication equipment or a component within a communication equipment, such as a chip. The communication equipment may be a terminal, a network-side device, or a server, etc. Exemplarily, the terminal may include, but is not limited to, the type of terminal 11 listed above, and the network-side device may include, but is not limited to, the type of network-side device 12 listed above. This application does not impose specific limitations.

[0297] The communication device includes a receiving module, a transmitting module, and a processing module. These modules can be implemented in software or hardware. When implemented in hardware, the processing module can be implemented by a processor. For example, the processor can include general-purpose processors, special-purpose processors, such as a Central Processing Unit (CPU), microprocessor, Digital Signal Processor (DSP), Artificial Intelligence (AI) processor, Graphics Processing Unit (GPU), Application Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC), Network Processor (NP), Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA), or other programmable logic devices, gate circuits, transistors, discrete hardware components, etc. The receiving and transmitting modules can be implemented by a communication interface, which can include one or more of the following: transceiver, pins, circuits, bus, radio frequency unit, etc.

[0298] For details, see Figure 9 When the communication device is a terminal or a component in a terminal, the communication device 90 includes a first transmitting module 91.

[0299] The first sending module 91 can be used to send a second data packet before sending a first data packet related to the call service, provided that a first condition is met; wherein the first condition includes at least one of the following: completing the establishment of a first bearer, the first bearer being used to transmit the first data packet; receiving an SDP response message; completing the sending of the SDP response message; and the terminal accessing the network via satellite.

[0300] In one possible implementation, the aforementioned satellite may include a GEO satellite.

[0301] In one possible implementation, the second data packet may include at least one of the following: a data packet containing a silence tone, or a data packet not containing a message body.

[0302] In one possible implementation, the first sending module 91 can also be used to stop sending the second data packet if a ROHC feedback message has been received before a 200 OK message is received after sending the second data packet; or, it can also be used to transmit the first data packet after receiving the ROHC feedback message if a ROHC feedback message has not been received when a 200 OK message is received after sending the second data packet.

[0303] In one possible implementation, the first sending module 91 can also be used to stop sending the second data packet after receiving the ROHC feedback message and not receiving an answer instruction; or, it can also be used to send a 200 OK message after receiving the ROHC feedback message after receiving the ROHC feedback message and not receiving an answer instruction.

[0304] In one possible implementation, at least one of the first data packet and the second data packet can be an RTP data packet.

[0305] In the communication device provided in this application embodiment, before sending the first data packet related to the call service, the communication device can send the second data packet when the first condition is met. That is, before the call phase, the second data packet can be sent first to start the ROHC process in advance. Therefore, the ROHC process is started in the initial call phase. Thus, even when the transmission rate is low, the header of the sent RTP data packet can be compressed through the ROHC process in the initial call phase, thereby ensuring that the call can be made normally in the initial call phase.

[0306] The communication device provided in this application embodiment can implement the various processes implemented in the above terminal-side method embodiment and achieve the same technical effect. To avoid repetition, it will not be described again here.

[0307] See Figure 10 When the communication device is a network-side device or a component of a network-side device, the communication device 100 includes a second transmitting module 101.

[0308] The second sending module 101 can be used to send a first message to the second network device when a second condition is met; wherein the first message is used to instruct the second network device to send a third data packet to the terminal, and the second condition includes at least one of the following: determining that the terminal has completed the establishment of a first bearer, the first bearer being used to transmit a first data packet related to the call service; determining that the terminal accesses the network via satellite; completing the sending of an SDP response message to the terminal; and receiving the SDP response message sent by the terminal.

[0309] In one possible implementation, the aforementioned satellite may include a GEO satellite.

[0310] In one possible implementation, the aforementioned third data packet may include at least one of the following: a data packet containing a silence tone, or a data packet not containing a message body.

[0311] In one possible implementation, the first message may include at least one of the following: a first indication information, which is used to indicate sending the third data packet to the terminal; the transmission address corresponding to the terminal; and the transmission address assigned to the terminal by the second network device.

[0312] In one possible implementation, the communication device 100 may further include a first processing module. This first processing module may be used to determine, based on the terminal's access information, whether the terminal accesses the network via satellite before the second sending module 101 sends the aforementioned first message to the second network device; wherein the access information is obtained from a SIP invitation message from the terminal or from a third network device.

[0313] In one possible implementation, at least one of the first data packet and the aforementioned third data packet can be an RTP data packet, wherein the first data packet is related to the call service.

[0314] In one possible implementation, the first network device may include a P-CSCF, and the second network device may include an AGW.

[0315] In the communication device provided in this application embodiment, since the communication device can send a first message to the second network device to instruct the second network device to send a third data packet to the terminal when the second condition is met, the second network device can send a third data packet to the terminal before the call phase to start the ROHC process in advance. This ensures that the ROHC process has started in the initial call phase, so that even when the transmission rate is low, the header of the sent RTP data packet can be compressed through the ROHC process in the initial call phase, thus ensuring that the call can be made normally in the initial call phase.

[0316] The communication device provided in this application embodiment can implement the various processes implemented in the first network device method embodiment described above and achieve the same technical effect. To avoid repetition, it will not be described again here.

[0317] See Figure 11 When the communication device is a network-side device or a component of a network-side device, the communication device 110 includes a third transmitting module 111.

[0318] The third sending module 111 can be used to send first information to the access network device when a third condition is met; wherein the first information includes at least one of the following: the IP address of the calling terminal, the port number of the calling terminal, the IP address of the called terminal, the port number of the called terminal, and the transport layer protocol; the third condition includes at least one of the following: completing the establishment of the first bearer for the calling terminal and determining that the calling terminal accesses the network via satellite, completing the establishment of the first bearer for the called terminal and determining that the called terminal accesses the network via satellite; wherein the first bearer is used to transmit a first data packet related to the call service.

[0319] In one possible implementation, the aforementioned satellite may include a GEO satellite.

[0320] In one possible implementation, the third sending module 111 can be used to send the aforementioned first information to the access network device through a first parameter; wherein the first parameter includes at least one of the following: transport flow template parameter, quality of service rule parameter, and packet filtering parameter.

[0321] In one possible implementation, the third sending module 111 can be used to send the aforementioned first information to the access network device when it is determined that the calling terminal or the called terminal accesses the network via satellite.

[0322] In one possible implementation, the communication device 110 may further include a second processing module. For example, the second processing module may be configured to determine, based on first access information obtained from an access network device or a fifth network device, that the calling terminal accesses the network via satellite; or, based on second access information obtained from an access network device or a fifth network device, that the called terminal accesses the network via satellite.

[0323] In the communication device provided in this application embodiment, since the communication device can send IP-related information to the access network device when the third condition is met, the first data packet sent by the terminal to the access network device does not need to carry the IP-related information during the initial call phase, thereby reducing the size of the first data packet and shortening the transmission time of the first data packet. This reduces the latency during the initial call phase and ensures that the call can proceed normally during the initial call phase.

[0324] The communication device provided in this application embodiment can implement the various processes implemented in the above-described fourth network device method embodiment and achieve the same technical effect. To avoid repetition, it will not be described again here.

[0325] See Figure 12When the communication device is a network-side device or a component of a network-side device, the communication device 120 includes a receiving module 121, a third processing module 122, and a fourth transmitting module 123.

[0326] The receiving module 121 can be used to receive first information from the fourth network device, the first information including at least one of the following: the IP address of the calling terminal, the port number of the calling terminal, the IP address of the called terminal, the port number of the called terminal, and the transport layer protocol. The third processing module 122 can be used to generate a fifth data packet based on the first information and the fourth data packet upon receiving the fourth data packet. The fourth sending module 123 can be used to send the fifth data packet to the target device.

[0327] In one possible implementation, if the fourth data packet is a data packet sent by the terminal, the target device is the sixth network device; or, if the fourth data packet is a data packet sent by the sixth network device, the target device is the terminal.

[0328] In one possible implementation, the receiving module 121 can be specifically used to receive a first parameter from a fourth network device and obtain the aforementioned first information from the first parameter; wherein the first parameter includes at least one of the following: transport flow template parameter, quality of service rule parameter, and packet filtering parameter.

[0329] In one possible implementation, the fourth sending module 123 can also be used to send a first context identifier to the terminal, which is used to identify the ROHC context related to the aforementioned first information. Alternatively, the receiving module 121 can also be used to receive a second context identifier sent by the terminal, which is used to identify the ROHC context related to the aforementioned first information.

[0330] In one possible implementation, the third processing module 122 can also be used to obtain second information based on the second context identifier mentioned above; wherein the second information includes at least one of the following: the first information mentioned above; relevant information about IPv4; and relevant information about IPv6.

[0331] In one possible implementation, the aforementioned IPv4 related information may include at least one of the following: version information; header length information; type of service information; protocol information; IP identifier, tag, and fragment offset information.

[0332] In one possible implementation, the aforementioned IPv6 related information may include at least one of the following: version information; traffic class information; next header information.

[0333] In the communication device provided in this application embodiment, since the communication device can receive IP-related information from a fourth network device, and generate a fifth data packet based on the first information and the fourth data packet upon receiving the fourth data packet, and send the fifth data packet to the target device, in the initial call phase, the first data packet sent by the terminal to the access network device does not need to carry the IP-related information, thereby reducing the size of the first data packet and shortening the transmission time of the first data packet. This reduces the latency in the initial call phase and ensures that the initial call phase can be conducted normally.

[0334] The communication device provided in this application embodiment can implement the various processes implemented in the above-described access network device method embodiment and achieve the same technical effect. To avoid repetition, it will not be described again here.

[0335] like Figure 13 As shown, this application embodiment also provides a communication device 130, including a processor 131 and a memory 132. The memory 132 stores a program or instructions that can run on the processor 131. For example, when the communication device 130 is a terminal, the program or instructions executed by the processor 131 implement the various steps of the above-described terminal-side method embodiment and achieve the same technical effect. When the communication device 130 is a network-side device, the program or instructions executed by the processor 131 implement the various steps of the above-described first network device-side method embodiment, fourth network device-side method embodiment, or access network device-side method embodiment and achieve the same technical effect. To avoid repetition, further details are omitted here.

[0336] This application also provides a terminal, including a processor and a communication interface, wherein the communication interface is coupled to the processor, and the processor is used to run programs or instructions to implement the steps in the above-described terminal-side method embodiments. This terminal embodiment corresponds to the above-described terminal-side method embodiments; all implementation processes and methods of the above method embodiments can be applied to this terminal embodiment and achieve the same technical effects. The terminal can be... Figure 9 The communication device shown. Specifically, Figure 14 A schematic diagram of the hardware structure of a terminal to implement an embodiment of this application.

[0337] The terminal 1000 includes, but is not limited to, at least some of the following components: radio frequency unit 1001, network module 1002, audio output unit 1003, input unit 1004, sensor 1005, display unit 1006, user input unit 1007, interface unit 1008, memory 1009, and processor 1010.

[0338] Those skilled in the art will understand that the terminal 1000 may also include a power supply (such as a battery) for supplying power to various components. The power supply may be logically connected to the processor 1010 through a power management system, thereby enabling functions such as managing charging, discharging, and power consumption through the power management system. Figure 14 The terminal structure shown does not constitute a limitation on the terminal. The terminal may include more or fewer components than shown, or combine certain components, or have different component arrangements, which will not be elaborated here.

[0339] It should be understood that, in this embodiment, the input unit 1004 may include a graphics processor 10041 and a microphone 10042. The graphics processor 10041 processes image data of still images or videos obtained by an image capture device (such as a camera) in video capture mode or image capture mode. The display unit 1006 may include a display panel 10061, which may be configured in the form of a liquid crystal display, an organic light-emitting diode, or the like. The user input unit 1007 includes a touch panel 10071 and at least one of other input devices 10072. The touch panel 10071 is also called a touch screen. The touch panel 10071 may include a touch detection device and a touch controller. Other input devices 10072 may include, but are not limited to, physical keyboards, function keys (such as volume control buttons, power buttons, etc.), trackballs, mice, and joysticks, which will not be described in detail here.

[0340] In this embodiment, after receiving downlink data from the network-side device, the radio frequency unit 1001 can transmit it to the processor 1010 for processing; in addition, the radio frequency unit 1001 can send uplink data to the network-side device. Typically, the radio frequency unit 1001 includes, but is not limited to, antennas, amplifiers, transceivers, couplers, low-noise amplifiers, duplexers, etc.

[0341] The memory 1009 can be used to store software programs or instructions, as well as various data. The memory 1009 may primarily include a first storage area for storing programs or instructions and a second storage area for storing data. The first storage area may store the operating system, application programs or instructions required for at least one function (such as sound playback, image playback, etc.). Furthermore, the memory 1009 may include volatile memory or non-volatile memory. The non-volatile memory may be read-only memory (ROM), programmable read-only memory (PROM), erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM), electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM), or flash memory. Volatile memory can be random access memory (RAM), static random access memory (SRAM), dynamic random access memory (DRAM), synchronous dynamic random access memory (SDRAM), double data rate synchronous dynamic random access memory (DDRSDRAM), enhanced synchronous dynamic random access memory (ESDRAM), synchronous link dynamic random access memory (SLDRAM), and direct memory bus RAM (DRRAM). The memory 1009 in this embodiment includes, but is not limited to, these and any other suitable types of memory.

[0342] The processor 1010 may include one or more processing units; optionally, the processor 1010 integrates an application processor and a modem processor, wherein the application processor mainly handles operations involving the operating system, user interface, and applications, and the modem processor mainly handles wireless communication signals, such as a baseband processor. It is understood that the aforementioned modem processor may also not be integrated into the processor 1010.

[0343] The radio frequency unit 1001 can be used to send a second data packet before sending a first data packet related to the call service, provided that a first condition is met; wherein the first condition includes at least one of the following: completing the establishment of a first bearer, the first bearer being used to transmit the first data packet; receiving an SDP response message; completing the transmission of the SDP response message; and the terminal accessing the network via satellite.

[0344] In one possible implementation, the aforementioned satellite may include a GEO satellite.

[0345] In one possible implementation, the second data packet may include at least one of the following: a data packet containing a silence tone, or a data packet not containing a message body.

[0346] In one possible implementation, the radio frequency unit 1001 can also be used to stop sending the second data packet after sending the second data packet but before receiving the 200OK message if the ROHC feedback message has been received; or, it can also be used to transmit the first data packet after receiving the ROHC feedback message if the ROHC feedback message has not been received when the 200OK message is received after sending the second data packet.

[0347] In one possible implementation, the radio frequency unit 1001 can also be used to stop sending the second data packet after receiving the ROHC feedback message and not receiving an answer instruction; or, it can also be used to send a 200 OK message after receiving the ROHC feedback message after receiving the ROHC feedback message and not receiving an answer instruction.

[0348] In one possible implementation, at least one of the first data packet and the second data packet can be an RTP data packet.

[0349] In the terminal provided in this application embodiment, before sending the first data packet related to the call service, the terminal can send the second data packet when the first condition is met. That is, before the call phase, the second data packet can be sent first to start the ROHC process in advance. Therefore, the ROHC process is started in the initial call phase. Thus, even when the transmission rate is low, the header of the sent RTP data packet can be compressed through the ROHC process in the initial call phase, which can ensure that the call can be made normally in the initial call phase.

[0350] It is understood that the implementation process of each implementation method mentioned in this embodiment can refer to the relevant description of the above terminal side method embodiment and achieve the same or corresponding technical effects. To avoid repetition, it will not be described again here.

[0351] This application also provides a network-side device, including a processor and a communication interface. The communication interface is coupled to the processor, and the processor is used to run programs or instructions to implement the steps of the first network device-side method embodiment, the fourth network device-side method embodiment, or the access network device-side method embodiment described above. This network-side device embodiment corresponds to the above method embodiments, and all implementation processes and methods of the above method embodiments can be applied to this network-side device embodiment and achieve the same technical effect.

[0352] Specifically, embodiments of this application also provide a network-side device. For example... Figure 15 As shown, the network-side device 1100 includes: a processor 1101, a network interface 1102, and a memory 1103. This network-side device can be... Figure 10 or Figure 11 The communication device shown. The network interface 1102 is, for example, a common public radio interface (CPRI).

[0353] Specifically, the network-side device 1100 in this application embodiment further includes: instructions or programs stored in memory 1103 and executable on processor 1101. The processor 1101 calls the instructions or programs in memory 1103 to execute the methods executed by the first network device or the fourth network device, and achieves the same technical effect. To avoid repetition, it will not be described in detail here.

[0354] Taking the method executed by the first network device as an example, which is performed by the network-side device 1100, the network interface 1102 can be used to send a first message to the second network device when the second condition is met. The first message is used to instruct the second network device to send a third data packet to the terminal. The second condition includes at least one of the following: determining that the terminal has completed the establishment of the first bearer, which is used to transmit the first data packet related to the call service; determining that the terminal accesses the network through satellite; completing the sending of an SDP response message to the terminal; and receiving the SDP response message sent by the terminal.

[0355] In one possible implementation, the aforementioned satellite may include a GEO satellite.

[0356] In one possible implementation, the aforementioned third data packet may include at least one of the following: a data packet containing a silence tone, or a data packet not containing a message body.

[0357] In one possible implementation, the first message may include at least one of the following: a first indication information, which is used to indicate sending the third data packet to the terminal; the transmission address corresponding to the terminal; and the transmission address assigned to the terminal by the second network device.

[0358] In one possible implementation, the processor 1101 can be used to determine, based on the terminal's access information, whether the terminal accesses the network via satellite before the network interface 1102 sends the aforementioned first message to the second network device; wherein the access information is obtained from a SIP invitation message from the terminal or from a third network device.

[0359] In one possible implementation, at least one of the first data packet and the aforementioned third data packet can be an RTP data packet, wherein the first data packet is related to the call service.

[0360] In one possible implementation, the first network device may include a P-CSCF, and the second network device may include an AGW.

[0361] In the network-side device provided in this application embodiment, since the network-side device can send a first message to the second network device to instruct the second network device to send a third data packet to the terminal when the second condition is met, the second network device can send a third data packet to the terminal before the call phase to start the ROHC process in advance. This ensures that the ROHC process is started in the initial call phase, so that even when the transmission rate is low, the header of the sent RTP data packet can be compressed through the ROHC process in the initial call phase, thus ensuring that the call can be made normally in the initial call phase.

[0362] It is understood that the implementation process of each implementation method mentioned in this embodiment can refer to the relevant description of the first network device method embodiment above, and achieve the same or corresponding technical effects. To avoid repetition, it will not be described again here.

[0363] Taking the method executed by the fourth network device as an example, implemented by the network-side device 1100, the network interface 1102 can be used to send first information to the access network device when the third condition is met. The first information includes at least one of the following: the IP address of the calling terminal, the port number of the calling terminal, the IP address of the called terminal, the port number of the called terminal, and the transport layer protocol. The third condition includes at least one of the following: establishing the first bearer for the calling terminal and determining that the calling terminal accesses the network via satellite; establishing the first bearer for the called terminal and determining that the called terminal accesses the network via satellite. The first bearer is used to transmit the first data packet related to the call service.

[0364] In one possible implementation, the aforementioned satellite may include a GEO satellite.

[0365] In one possible implementation, network interface 1102 can be used to send the aforementioned first information to the access network device via a first parameter; wherein the first parameter includes at least one of the following: transport flow template parameter, quality of service rule parameter, and packet filtering parameter.

[0366] In one possible implementation, network interface 1102 can be used to send the aforementioned first information to the access network device when it is determined that the calling terminal or the called terminal accesses the network via satellite.

[0367] In one possible implementation, the processor 1101 can be used to determine, based on first access information, that the calling terminal accesses the network via satellite, the first access information being obtained from an access network device or a fifth network device; or, it can be used to determine, based on second access information, that the called terminal accesses the network via satellite, the second access information being obtained from an access network device or a fifth network device.

[0368] In the network-side device provided in this application embodiment, since the network-side device can send IP-related information to the access network device when the third condition is met, the first data packet sent by the terminal to the access network device does not need to carry the IP-related information during the initial call phase. This reduces the size of the first data packet and shortens the transmission time of the first data packet, thereby reducing the latency during the initial call phase and ensuring normal call during the initial call phase.

[0369] It is understood that the implementation process of each implementation method mentioned in this embodiment can refer to the relevant description of the fourth network device method embodiment above, and achieve the same or corresponding technical effects. To avoid repetition, it will not be described again here.

[0370] Specifically, embodiments of this application also provide a network-side device, which can be... Figure 12 The communication device shown. (As shown) Figure 16 As shown, the network-side device 1200 includes: an antenna 121, a radio frequency (RF) device 122, a baseband device 123, a processor 124, and a memory 125. The antenna 121 is connected to the RF device 122. In the uplink direction, the RF device 122 receives information through the antenna 121 and transmits the received information to the baseband device 123 for processing. In the downlink direction, the baseband device 123 processes the information to be transmitted and sends it to the RF device 122. The RF device 122 processes the received information and transmits it through the antenna 121.

[0371] The method executed by the access network device in the above embodiments can be implemented in the baseband device 123, which includes a baseband processor.

[0372] The baseband device 123 may include, for example, at least one baseband board on which multiple chips are disposed, such as... Figure 16 As shown, one of the chips is, for example, a baseband processor, which is connected to the memory 125 via a bus interface to call the program in the memory 125 and execute the network device operation shown in the above method embodiment.

[0373] The network-side device may also include a network interface 126, such as a Common Public Radio Interface (CPRI).

[0374] Specifically, the network-side device 1200 in this application embodiment further includes: instructions or programs stored in memory 125 and executable on processor 124. The processor 124 calls the instructions or programs in memory 125 to execute the method executed by the access network device described above and achieve the same technical effect. To avoid repetition, it will not be described in detail here.

[0375] The radio frequency device 122 can be used to receive first information from a fourth network device, the first information including at least one of the following: the IP address of the calling terminal, the port number of the calling terminal, the IP address of the called terminal, the port number of the called terminal, and the transport layer protocol. The processor 124 can be used to generate a fifth data packet based on the first information and the fourth data packet upon receiving the fourth data packet. The radio frequency device 122 can also be used to send the fifth data packet to the target device.

[0376] In one possible implementation, if the fourth data packet is a data packet sent by the terminal, the target device is the sixth network device; or, if the fourth data packet is a data packet sent by the sixth network device, the target device is the terminal.

[0377] In one possible implementation, the radio frequency device 122 can be specifically used to receive a first parameter from a fourth network device and obtain the aforementioned first information from the first parameter; wherein the first parameter includes at least one of the following: transport flow template parameter, quality of service rule parameter, and packet filtering parameter.

[0378] In one possible implementation, the radio frequency device 122 can also be used to send a first context identifier to the terminal, the first context identifier being used to identify the ROHC context related to the aforementioned first information. Alternatively, it can also be used to receive a second context identifier sent by the terminal, the second context identifier being used to identify the ROHC context related to the aforementioned first information.

[0379] In one possible implementation, the processor 124 can also be used to obtain second information based on the second context identifier mentioned above; wherein the second information includes at least one of the following: the first information mentioned above; IPv4 related information; IPv6 related information.

[0380] In one possible implementation, the aforementioned IPv4 related information may include at least one of the following: version information; header length information; type of service information; protocol information; IP identifier, tag, and fragment offset information.

[0381] In one possible implementation, the aforementioned IPv6 related information may include at least one of the following: version information; traffic class information; next header information.

[0382] In the network-side device provided in this application embodiment, since the network-side device can receive IP-related information from the fourth network device, and upon receiving the fourth data packet, generates a fifth data packet based on the first information and the fourth data packet, and sends the fifth data packet to the target device, in the initial call phase, the first data packet sent by the terminal to the access network device no longer needs to carry the IP-related information, thereby reducing the size of the first data packet and shortening the transmission time of the first data packet. This reduces the latency in the initial call phase and ensures that the initial call phase can be conducted normally.

[0383] It is understood that the implementation process of each implementation method mentioned in this embodiment can refer to the relevant description of the above access network device method embodiment and achieve the same or corresponding technical effects. To avoid repetition, it will not be described again here.

[0384] This application also provides a readable storage medium storing a program or instructions. When the program or instructions are executed by a processor, they implement the various processes of the above-described communication method embodiments and achieve the same technical effects. To avoid repetition, they will not be described again here.

[0385] The processor mentioned above is the processor in the terminal described in the above embodiments. The readable storage medium includes computer-readable storage media, such as computer read-only memory (ROM), random access memory (RAM), magnetic disk, or optical disk. In some examples, the readable storage medium may be a non-transient readable storage medium.

[0386] This application embodiment also provides a chip, which includes a processor and a communication interface. The communication interface is coupled to the processor. The processor is used to run programs or instructions to implement the various processes of the above-described communication method embodiments and can achieve the same technical effect. To avoid repetition, it will not be described again here.

[0387] It should be understood that the chip mentioned in the embodiments of this application may also be referred to as a system-on-a-chip, system chip, chip system, or system-on-a-chip, etc.

[0388] This application also provides a computer program / program product, which is stored in a storage medium and executed by at least one processor to implement the various processes of the above-described communication method embodiments, and can achieve the same technical effect. To avoid repetition, it will not be described again here.

[0389] This application also provides a communication system, including: a terminal, a first network device, a fourth network device, and an access network device.

[0390] It should be noted that, in this document, the terms "comprising," "including," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such a process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitations, an element defined by the phrase "comprising one..." does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in the process, method, article, or apparatus that includes that element. Furthermore, it should be noted that the scope of the methods and apparatuses in the embodiments of this application is not limited to performing functions in the order shown or discussed, but may also include performing functions substantially simultaneously or in the reverse order, depending on the functions involved. For example, the described methods may be performed in a different order than described, and various steps may be added, omitted, or combined. Additionally, features described with reference to certain examples may be combined in other examples.

[0391] From the above description of the embodiments, those skilled in the art can clearly understand that the methods of the above embodiments can be implemented by means of computer software products plus necessary general-purpose hardware platforms, and of course, they can also be implemented by hardware. The computer software product is stored in a storage medium (such as ROM, RAM, magnetic disk, optical disk, etc.) and includes several instructions to cause the terminal or network-side device to execute the methods described in the various embodiments of this application.

[0392] The embodiments of this application have been described above with reference to the accompanying drawings. However, this application is not limited to the specific embodiments described above. The specific embodiments described above are merely illustrative and not restrictive. Those skilled in the art can make many other implementations under the guidance of this application without departing from the spirit and scope of the claims. All of these implementations are within the protection scope of this application.

Claims

1. A communication method characterized by comprising: The method comprises: Before sending a first data packet related to a call service, the terminal sends a second data packet when a first condition is met; The first condition comprises at least one of the following: A first bearer for transmitting the first data packet is established; A session description protocol (SDP) response message is received; The sending of the SDP response message is completed; The terminal accesses a satellite network.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein, The satellite comprises a geosynchronous earth orbit (GEO) satellite.

3. The method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The second data packet comprises at least one of the following: a data packet containing silence and a data packet without a message body.

4. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that, The terminal is a calling terminal. After the terminal sends the second data packet, the method further comprises: When a robust header compression (ROHC) feedback message is received before a 200 OK message is received, the terminal stops sending the second data packet; or When the ROHC feedback message is not received after a listening indication is received, the terminal sends a 200 OK message after the ROHC feedback message is received. The terminal is a called terminal.

5. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that, After the terminal sends the second data packet, the method further comprises: When a ROHC feedback message is received, the terminal stops sending the second data packet if a listening indication is not received; or When a listening indication is received, the terminal sends a 200 OK message if a ROHC feedback message is not received. At least one of the first data packet and the second data packet is a real-time transport protocol (RTP) data packet. The method comprises:

6. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that, When a second condition is met, a first network device sends a first message to a second network device; 7. A communication method characterized by comprising: The first message is used to instruct the second network device to send a third data packet to a terminal, and the second condition comprises at least one of the following: A first bearer for transmitting a first data packet related to a call service is determined to be established for the terminal; The terminal accesses a satellite network is determined; The sending of a session description protocol (SDP) response message to the terminal is completed; The SDP response message sent by the terminal is received. The satellite comprises a GEO satellite. The third data packet comprises at least one of the following: a data packet containing silence and a data packet without a message body.

8. The method of claim 7, wherein, The first message comprises at least one of the following:

9. The method according to claim 7 or 8, characterized in that, First indication information, which is used to instruct the third data packet to be sent to the terminal; 10. The method according to any one of claims 7 to 9, characterized in that, A transmission address corresponding to the terminal; A transmission address allocated by the second network device for the terminal. Before the first network device sends the first message to the second network device, the method further comprises: The first network device determines that the terminal accesses a satellite network according to access information of the terminal; 11. The method according to any one of claims 7 to 10, characterized in that, The access information is obtained from a session initiation protocol (SIP) invite message from the terminal or is acquired from a third network device. At least one of the first data packet and the third data packet is an RTP data packet, and the first data packet is related to a call service. ​ 12. The method according to any one of claims 7 to 11, characterized in that, ​ 13. The method according to any one of claims 7 to 12, characterized in that, The first network device comprises a proxy call session control function (P-CSCF), and the second network device comprises an access gateway (AGW).

14. A communication method, comprising: The method comprises: In a case where a third condition is met, a fourth network device sends first information to an access network device; The first information comprises at least one of the following: an Internet Protocol (IP) address of a calling terminal, a port number of the calling terminal, an IP address of a called terminal, a port number of the called terminal, and a transport layer protocol. The third condition comprises at least one of the following: completion of establishment of a first bearer for the calling terminal, determination that the calling terminal accesses a network via a satellite, completion of establishment of the first bearer for the called terminal, and determination that the called terminal accesses the network via the satellite; the first bearer is used to transmit first data packets related to a call service.

15. The method of claim 14, wherein, The satellite comprises a GEO satellite.

16. The method according to claim 14 or 15, characterized in that The fourth network device sends the first information to the access network device by using a first parameter. The first parameter comprises at least one of the following: a transport stream template parameter, a quality of service rule parameter, and a packet filtering parameter. The fourth network device sends the first information to the access network device by using a first parameter.

17. The method according to any one of claims 14 to 16, characterized in that, In a case where it is determined that the calling terminal or the called terminal accesses the network via the satellite, the fourth network device sends the first information to the access network device. The method further comprises:

18. The method of claim 17, wherein, The fourth network device determines that the calling terminal accesses the network via the satellite according to first access information, wherein the first access information is obtained from the access network device or a fifth network device. Alternatively, The fourth network device determines that the called terminal accesses the network via the satellite according to second access information, wherein the second access information is obtained from the access network device or the fifth network device. The method comprises:

19. A method of communication, comprising: The access network device receives first information from a fourth network device, wherein the first information comprises at least one of the following: an IP address of a calling terminal, a port number of the calling terminal, an IP address of a called terminal, a port number of the called terminal, and a transport layer protocol. In a case where a fourth data packet is received, the access network device generates a fifth data packet based on the first information and the fourth data packet, and sends the fifth data packet to a target device. In a case where the fourth data packet is a data packet sent by a terminal, the target device is a sixth network device; or in a case where the fourth data packet is a data packet sent by the sixth network device, the target device is the terminal.

20. The method of claim 19, wherein, The access network device receives first information from a fourth network device, comprising:

21. The method of claim 19 or 20, wherein, The access network device receives a first parameter from the fourth network device, and obtains the first information from the first parameter; The first parameter comprises at least one of the following: a transport stream template parameter, a quality of service rule parameter, and a packet filtering parameter. The method further comprises:

22. The method of any one of claims 19-21, wherein, The access network device sends a first context identifier to a terminal, wherein the first context identifier is used to identify an ROHC context related to the first information. Alternatively, ​ The access network device receives a second context identifier sent by the terminal, and the second context identifier is used to identify an ROHC context related to the first information.

23. The method of claim 22, wherein, The method further comprises: The access network device acquires second information according to the second context identifier; The second information comprises at least one of the following: The first information; IPv4 related information; IPv6 related information.

24. The method of claim 23, wherein, The IPv4 related information comprises at least one of the following: Version information; Header length information; Service type information; Protocol information; IP identification, tag and slice offset information.

25. The method of claim 23 or 24, wherein, The IPv6 related information comprises at least one of the following: Version information; Traffic class information; Next header information.

26. A communications device, characterized by The apparatus comprises a first sending module; The first sending module is configured to send a second data packet when a first condition is met before sending a first data packet related to a call service; The first condition comprises at least one of the following: A first bearer for transmitting the first data packet is established; An SDP response message is received; The sending of the SDP response message is completed; The terminal accesses a satellite access network.

27. The apparatus of claim 26, wherein, The first sending module is further configured to stop sending the second data packet when an ROHC feedback message is received before a 200 OK message is received after the second data packet is sent; or, the first sending module is further configured to transmit the first data packet after the ROHC feedback message is received when the ROHC feedback message is not received when the 200 OK message is received after the second data packet is sent.

28. The apparatus of claim 26 or 27, wherein, The first sending module is further configured to stop sending the second data packet when a listening indication is not received after the ROHC feedback message is received after the second data packet is sent; or, the first sending module is further configured to send a 200 OK message after the ROHC feedback message is received when the ROHC feedback message is not received after the listening indication is received after the second data packet is sent.

29. A communications device, characterized by The apparatus comprises a second sending module; The second sending module is configured to send a first message to a second network device when a second condition is met; The first message is used to instruct the second network device to send a third data packet to a terminal, and the second condition comprises at least one of the following: It is determined that a first bearer for transmitting a first data packet related to a call service is established for the terminal; It is determined that the terminal accesses a satellite access network; The sending of an SDP response message to the terminal is completed; The SDP response message sent by the terminal is received.

30. The apparatus of claim 29, wherein, The apparatus further comprises a first processing module; The first processing module is configured to determine that the terminal accesses a satellite access network according to access information of the terminal before the second sending module sends the first message to the second network device; The access information is obtained from a SIP invite message from the terminal or is acquired from a third network device.

31. A communications device, characterized by The apparatus comprises a third sending module; The third sending module is configured to send the first information to the access network device when a third condition is met. The first information includes at least one of the following: IP address of the calling terminal, port number of the calling terminal, IP address of the called terminal, port number of the called terminal, and a transport layer protocol. The third condition includes at least one of the following: completing establishment of a first bearer for the calling terminal, determining that the calling terminal accesses the network through a satellite, completing establishment of the first bearer for the called terminal, and determining that the called terminal accesses the network through a satellite. The first bearer is used to transmit first data packets related to a call service.

32. The apparatus of claim 31, wherein, The third sending module is specifically configured to send the first information to the access network device through a first parameter. The first parameter includes at least one of the following: a transport stream template parameter, a quality of service rule parameter, and a packet filtering parameter.

33. The apparatus of claim 31 or 32, wherein, The third sending module is specifically configured to send the first information to the access network device when it is determined that the calling terminal or the called terminal accesses the network through a satellite.

34. The apparatus of claim 33, wherein, The device further includes a second processing module. The second processing module is configured to determine that the calling terminal accesses the network through a satellite according to first access information, or determine that the called terminal accesses the network through a satellite according to second access information. The first access information is obtained from the access network device or a fifth network device, and the second access information is obtained from the access network device or the fifth network device.

35. A communications device, characterized by The device includes a receiving module, a third processing module, and a fourth sending module. The receiving module is configured to receive first information from a fourth network device. The first information includes at least one of the following: IP address of the calling terminal, port number of the calling terminal, IP address of the called terminal, port number of the called terminal, and a transport layer protocol. The third processing module is configured to generate a fifth data packet based on the first information and a fourth data packet when the fourth data packet is received. The fourth sending module is configured to send the fifth data packet to a target device.

36. The device of claim 35, wherein, The receiving module is specifically configured to receive a first parameter from the fourth network device and obtain the first information from the first parameter. The first parameter includes at least one of the following: a transport stream template parameter, a quality of service rule parameter, and a packet filtering parameter.

37. The apparatus of claim 35 or 36, wherein, The fourth sending module is further configured to send a first context identifier to a terminal. The first context identifier is used to identify an ROHC context related to the first information. Alternatively, The receiving module is further configured to receive a second context identifier sent by a terminal. The second context identifier is used to identify an ROHC context related to the first information.

38. The device of claim 37, wherein, The third processing module is further configured to obtain second information according to the second context identifier. The second information includes at least one of the following: The first information; Related information of IPv4; Related information of IPv6.

39. A terminal, characterized by A computer program product comprising a computer readable storage medium having stored thereon a program or instructions which, when executed by a processor, implement the steps of the communication method according to any one of claims 1 to 6, or implement the steps of the communication method according to any one of claims 7 to 13, or implement the steps of the communication method according to any one of claims 14 to 18, or implement the steps of the communication method according to any one of claims 19 to 25.

40. A network-side device, comprising: A computer program product comprising a computer readable storage medium having stored thereon a program or instructions which, when executed by a processor, implement the steps of the communication method according to any one of claims 1 to 6, or implement the steps of the communication method according to any one of claims 7 to 13, or implement the steps of the communication method according to any one of claims 14 to 18, or implement the steps of the communication method according to any one of claims 19 to 25.

41. A readable storage medium, characterized by, A computer program product comprising a computer readable storage medium having stored thereon a program or instructions which, when executed by a processor, implement the steps of the communication method according to any one of claims 1 to 6, or implement the steps of the communication method according to any one of claims 7 to 13, or implement the steps of the communication method according to any one of claims 14 to 18, or implement the steps of the communication method according to any one of claims 19 to 25.

Images