Method and device for preparing solar cell thin film, and electronic device

Abstract

The application relates to the field of solar cells, and provides a preparation method and device of a solar cell film and electronic equipment. The preparation method comprises the following steps: obtaining a wet film base material, the wet film base material being prepared by using a roll-to-roll printing process; and after vacuum-assisted crystallization of the wet film base material by using a multistage vacuum gradient, a solar cell film is obtained. The application solves the defect of non-equilibrium state nucleation crystallization instability in the preparation of a solar cell in the related art. The preparation method of the solar cell film provided by the scheme effectively improves the quality of the prepared solar cell film by introducing a vacuum-assisted crystallization technology.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of solar cell technology, and in particular to a method and apparatus for preparing solar cell thin films, as well as electronic equipment. Background Technology

[0002] Roll-to-roll (R2R) printing technology offers a new paradigm for the fabrication of large-area solar cell thin films due to its continuous production characteristics, micron-level positioning accuracy, and dynamic crystallization control capabilities.

[0003] Although the fabrication of solar cells based on R2R printing technology has made initial breakthroughs, it still faces the core scientific challenge of non-equilibrium nucleation and crystallization instability. This uncontrollability of nucleation and crystal growth stems from: (1) the spatiotemporal competition between the shear flow field and the solvent evaporation flux, and (2) the gradient oscillation phenomenon of the nucleation energy barrier at the gas-liquid-solid three-phase interface, which leads to uneven grain orientation distribution.

[0004] In terms of crystallization control, insufficient matching between the precursor rheological properties and substrate motion parameters leads to wet film thickness fluctuations exceeding 15%, resulting in poor uniformity. Furthermore, the shear flow field caused by high-speed coating results in random distribution of nucleation sites in the photovoltaic active layer, discrete grain size distribution, and high grain boundary defect density, significantly increasing carrier recombination probability. This necessitates further coordination, adaptation, and organic integration between the auxiliary crystallization module and printing equipment, improving the precision of temporal and spatial coordination to sub-second and sub-millimeter levels, thereby achieving spatiotemporal coupling.

[0005] Therefore, developing R2R printing and assisted crystallization spatiotemporal coupling integration technology to produce solar cells with uniform nucleation and highly controllable crystallization process and crystal growth is the core approach to achieving high-efficiency energy conversion in photovoltaic devices. Summary of the Invention

[0006] This invention provides a method, apparatus, and electronic device for preparing solar cell thin films, which solves the defects of non-equilibrium nucleation and crystallization instability in the preparation of solar cells in related technologies. The method for preparing solar cell thin films provided in this application introduces vacuum-assisted crystallization technology, which effectively improves the quality of the prepared solar cell thin films.

[0007] This invention provides a method for preparing a thin film for a solar cell, comprising: A wet film substrate is obtained, wherein the wet film substrate is prepared by applying a roll-to-roll printing process; After performing vacuum-assisted crystallization with a multi-level vacuum gradient on the wet film substrate, a solar cell thin film is obtained.

[0008] According to the method for preparing solar cell thin films provided by the present invention, the step of performing multi-level vacuum gradient vacuum-assisted crystallization on the wet film substrate includes: Under a pre-set vacuum gradient, the wet film substrate is heated by applying a temperature value corresponding to the vacuum gradient to achieve vacuum-assisted crystallization.

[0009] According to the method for preparing solar cell thin films provided by the present invention, the step of performing multi-level vacuum gradient vacuum-assisted crystallization on the wet film substrate includes: Under a pre-set vacuum gradient, the solvent partial pressure corresponding to the vacuum gradient is applied to the wet film substrate for solvent desorption, thereby achieving vacuum-assisted crystallization.

[0010] According to the method for preparing a solar cell thin film provided by the present invention, the vacuum gradient includes a first vacuum gradient, a second vacuum gradient, and a third vacuum gradient; Under the first vacuum gradient, the temperature at which the wet film substrate is heated is between 20 degrees Celsius and 50 degrees Celsius; Under the second vacuum gradient, the temperature at which the wet film substrate is heated is 50 to 70 degrees Celsius. Under the third vacuum gradient, the temperature at which the wet film substrate is heated is between 70 and 100 degrees Celsius.

[0011] According to the method for preparing solar cell thin films provided by the present invention, the solvent partial pressure is obtained based on a first correspondence and a second correspondence. The first correspondence is the correspondence between solvent partial pressure and vacuum gradient; The second correspondence is the correspondence between solvent partial pressure and solvent type.

[0012] According to the method for preparing solar cell thin films provided by the present invention, the solvents include DMF and DMSO; The vacuum gradient includes a first vacuum gradient, a second vacuum gradient, and a third vacuum gradient; The solvent partial pressure of DMF under the first vacuum gradient is 1 kPa to 2 kPa; The solvent partial pressure of DMF under the second vacuum gradient is 10. -1 Pa to 10 1 Pa; The solvent partial pressure of DMF under the third vacuum gradient is 10. -6 Pa to 10 -3 Pa; The solvent partial pressure of DMSO under the first vacuum gradient is 0.1 kPa to 0.2 kPa; The solvent partial pressure of DMSO under the second vacuum gradient is 10. -1 Pa to 10 1Pa; The solvent partial pressure of DMSO under the third vacuum gradient is 10. -6 Pa to 10 -3 Pa.

[0013] According to the method for preparing a solar cell thin film provided by the present invention, the solar cell thin film is a perovskite solar cell thin film.

[0014] The present invention also provides an apparatus for preparing a solar cell thin film, which applies the above-described method for preparing a solar cell thin film, including: A thin film printing system for preparing wet film substrates using roll-to-roll printing technology; A vacuum gradient cavity is used to perform gradient desorption of solvent and film curing on the wet film substrate through a multi-level vacuum gradient. The main vacuum chamber is used to complete vacuum-assisted crystallization.

[0015] The present invention also provides an electronic device, including a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor, wherein the processor executes the program to implement any of the above-described methods for preparing a solar cell thin film.

[0016] The present invention also provides a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, which, when executed by a processor, implements any of the above-described methods for preparing solar cell thin films.

[0017] The present invention also provides a computer program product, including a computer program that, when executed by a processor, implements a method for preparing any of the above-described solar cell thin films.

[0018] The method for preparing solar cell thin films provided by this invention innovatively integrates roll-to-roll printing technology with vacuum-assisted crystallization technology, enabling cross-scale optimization from nanoscale crystal nucleus control to macroscopic thin film uniformity. At the same time, a multi-level vacuum gradient is constructed during the vacuum-assisted crystallization process, which allows for more precise control over the crystallization process, resulting in more uniform crystallization and more controllable crystal growth height. Attached Figure Description

[0019] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in this invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are some embodiments of this invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained from these drawings without creative effort.

[0020] Figure 1 This is a schematic flowchart of the method for preparing a solar cell thin film provided in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the solar cell thin film preparation apparatus provided in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 3 This is one of the SEM structure diagrams provided in the embodiments of the present invention; Figure 4 This is the second schematic diagram of the SEM structure provided in the embodiment of the present invention; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of XRD test results provided in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the physical structure of the electronic device provided in an embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0021] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this invention clearer, the technical solutions of this invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some, not all, of the embodiments of this invention. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of this invention without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this invention.

[0022] Figure 1 This is a schematic flowchart of the method for preparing solar cell thin films provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0023] like Figure 1 As shown, this embodiment provides a method for preparing a solar cell thin film, including: Step 101: Obtain a wet film substrate, wherein the wet film substrate is prepared by applying a roll-to-roll printing process; In this embodiment, when applying roll-to-roll printing technology, a three-in-one technical system of "equipment innovation - process optimization - quality monitoring" can be constructed. Specifically, the printing process applied in this embodiment has the following process innovations: (1) R2R printing equipment system integration and functional module innovation: ① A multi-level tension collaborative control system was developed, based on a magnetic powder brake and a servo motor, to achieve dynamic balance of the substrate (PET / ITO) during the unwinding, coating and rewinding stages. ② Feeding system: A twin-screw extrusion metering pump is used in conjunction with a constant temperature storage tank. Real-time feedback control of slurry viscosity and shear thinning behavior is achieved through online monitoring of rheological properties. ③ High-precision coating module design: The coating system integrates a slit coating module and a gravure printing unit, and designs a gradient slit structure in conjunction with a ceramic anilox roller to achieve uniform and controllable wet film thickness; ④ The curing system innovatively constructs a gradient heating system, combining infrared thermal imaging and online spectroscopy to analyze the spatiotemporal evolution of solvent evaporation phase transition and solute precipitation growth.

[0024] (2) Construction of intelligent process control and quality monitoring system: ① A multi-physics field online monitoring system integrates a laser triangulation thickness gauge, an infrared thermal imager, and UV-vis to construct a digital twin model of the entire coating-drying-crystallization process. It also develops a machine vision-based defect detection algorithm to achieve high accuracy in identifying pinhole and stripe defects. ② Adaptive process control system: Deploys an industrial IoT platform, realizes data interaction between PLC and MES system through OPC UA protocol, and optimizes process parameters based on random forest algorithm to achieve millisecond-level dynamic compensation of parameters such as coating speed and die pressure.

[0025] Step 102: After performing vacuum-assisted crystallization with a multi-level vacuum gradient on the wet film substrate, a solar cell thin film is obtained.

[0026] The solar cell thin film constructed in this embodiment can be a perovskite solar cell thin film.

[0027] In practical applications, corresponding to the multi-level vacuum gradient, this embodiment also constructs a multi-level solvent partial pressure gradient and temperature gradient. Specifically, during the vacuum-assisted crystallization process, the solvent partial pressure and temperature values ​​can be adjusted according to different vacuum gradients. In practice, the wet film substrate can be heated under a pre-set vacuum gradient using a temperature value corresponding to the vacuum gradient to achieve vacuum-assisted crystallization. At the same time, the wet film substrate can be desorbed using a solvent partial pressure corresponding to the vacuum gradient under a pre-set vacuum gradient to achieve vacuum-assisted crystallization. Naturally, the wet film substrate can also be desorbed and heated using both the solvent partial pressure and temperature value corresponding to the vacuum gradient under a pre-set vacuum gradient to achieve vacuum-assisted crystallization.

[0028] In implementation, the vacuum gradient includes a first vacuum gradient, a second vacuum gradient, and a third vacuum gradient, wherein the first vacuum gradient can be a low vacuum gradient, and the gas pressure value can be 10. -1 Up to 10 3 Pa, the second vacuum gradient can be a medium vacuum gradient, and the gas pressure value can be 10 Pa. -3 Up to 10 -1 Pa, the third vacuum gradient can be a high vacuum gradient, and the gas pressure value can be 10 Pa. -3 Below Pa; Under the first vacuum gradient, the temperature at which the wet film substrate is heated is between 20 degrees Celsius and 50 degrees Celsius; Under the second vacuum gradient, the temperature at which the wet film substrate is heated is 50 to 70 degrees Celsius. Under the third vacuum gradient, the temperature at which the wet film substrate is heated is between 70 and 100 degrees Celsius.

[0029] In practice, the solvent partial pressure is obtained based on the first correspondence and the second correspondence. The first correspondence is the correspondence between solvent partial pressure and vacuum gradient; The second correspondence is the correspondence between solvent partial pressure and solvent type.

[0030] In other words, the determination of solvent partial pressure is not only related to the vacuum gradient, but also to the type of solvent used. In practical applications, the value of solvent partial pressure needs to be determined comprehensively based on the current vacuum gradient and the type of solvent used. For example: Solvents can include DMF and DMSO, with DMF having a solvent partial pressure of 1 kPa to 2 kPa under the first vacuum gradient; The solvent partial pressure of DMF under the second vacuum gradient is 10. -1 Pa to 10 1 Pa; The solvent partial pressure of DMF under the third vacuum gradient is 10. -6 Pa to 10 -3 Pa; The solvent partial pressure of DMSO under the first vacuum gradient is 0.1 kPa to 0.2 kPa; The solvent partial pressure of DMSO under the second vacuum gradient is 10. -1 Pa to 10 1 Pa; The solvent partial pressure of DMSO under the third vacuum gradient is 10. -6 Pa to 10 -3 Pa.

[0031] In summary, the method for preparing solar cell thin films provided in this embodiment innovatively integrates roll-to-roll printing technology with vacuum-assisted crystallization technology, enabling cross-scale optimization from nanoscale crystal nucleus control to macroscopic thin film uniformity. At the same time, the construction of multi-level vacuum gradients during vacuum-assisted crystallization allows for more precise control over the crystallization process, resulting in more uniform crystallization and more controllable crystal growth height.

[0032] The apparatus for preparing solar cell thin films provided by the present invention will be described below. The apparatus for preparing solar cell thin films described below can be referred to in correspondence with the method for preparing solar cell thin films described above. Specifically, the apparatus for preparing solar cell thin films provided in this embodiment can be applied to the method for preparing solar cell thin films provided in the above embodiments.

[0033] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the solar cell thin film preparation apparatus provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0034] like Figure 2 As shown, the apparatus for fabricating solar cell thin films provided in this embodiment includes: Thin film printing system 201, used to prepare wet film substrate by applying roll-to-roll printing process; The vacuum gradient cavity 202 is used to perform gradient desorption of solvent and film curing on the wet film substrate through a multi-level vacuum gradient. The vacuum main chamber 203 is used to complete vacuum-assisted crystallization.

[0035] Specifically, the thin film printing system 201 can be a roll-to-roll precision coating station, the vacuum gradient cavity 202 can be a three-stage vacuum gradient processing cavity, and the vacuum main cavity 203 can be a vacuum-assisted crystallization main cavity. An airlock transition cavity and a magnetic levitation transmission system can be set between the roll-to-roll precision coating station and the three-stage vacuum gradient processing cavity. In practical applications, the wet film substrate produced by the roll-to-roll precision coating station can be transported to the three-stage vacuum gradient processing cavity for subsequent processing through the magnetic levitation transmission system after passing through the airlock transition cavity.

[0036] In practice, a magnetic levitation transmission system may include: Drive unit: U-shaped groove magnetic levitation linear motor is adopted. Its stator winding is sealed and installed in a non-magnetic stainless steel protective cover on the top of the vacuum chamber. The mover slider has a built-in permanent magnet array, and contactless drive is achieved through magnetic coupling principle.

[0037] Load-bearing and connection: The moving slider is connected to the substrate support tray placed in the cavity through a rigid connecting rod. A two-stage magnetohydrodynamic sealing device is used at the point where the connecting rod passes through the cavity to ensure high vacuum sealing.

[0038] Guidance and Feedback: The transmission guide rail is made of hard anodized aluminum profile, and its V-shaped guide groove mates with the ceramic bearing wheel on the support tray. Position closed-loop feedback is achieved by a linear encoder (accuracy ±5μm) integrated on both sides of the guide rail and a laser rangefinder sensor located at the end.

[0039] In this embodiment, the three-stage vacuum gradient processing chamber consists of rectangular cross-section stainless steel chambers connected in series via CF flanges, with copper gaskets sandwiched between the flanges for sealing. Each chamber has an observation window and multiple process interfaces on its sidewall.

[0040] The first-stage chamber is connected to a vortex dry pump, the second-stage chamber is connected to a Roots pump assembly, and the third-stage chamber is connected to a molecular pump assembly, thus establishing a 10-stage system. 5 Pa→10 3 Pa→10 1 Pa→10-1 A gradient vacuum environment of Pa.

[0041] At the top of each of the secondary and tertiary chambers, there is a piezoelectric valve array, which is linked to the residual gas analyzer and the frequency converter of the molecular pump. Based on the solvent vapor partial pressure data monitored in real time by the RGA, the control system dynamically adjusts the opening of the piezoelectric valves with a millisecond-level response speed according to the preset solvent desorption kinetic model, thereby precisely controlling the solvent partial pressure within the set curve range.

[0042] Meanwhile, a composite temperature control module is also installed inside the three-stage vacuum gradient processing chamber, specifically including: Contact heating unit: A multi-zone independently controlled molybdenum alloy heating plate is embedded inside the substrate support tray and connected to a vacuum through-wall electrode via a flexible high-temperature cable to provide bottom conduction heating for the substrate.

[0043] Infrared radiation heating unit: Short-wave infrared heaters are arranged in pairs at the top and bottom of the secondary and tertiary cavities. Their surfaces are coated with a gold film to improve infrared reflection efficiency. The heaters are fixed by adjustable brackets to ensure a uniform radiation field.

[0044] Temperature monitoring and feedback: Multiple non-contact infrared thermometers and armored K-type thermocouples are arranged on the support tray and the side wall of the cavity. The temperature measurement signal is transmitted to a multi-loop PID temperature controller. The temperature controller coordinates the power of the heating plate and the radiation intensity of the infrared heater to achieve precise programmed control of the spatial temperature gradient (ΔT / Δx) and instantaneous heating rate (dT / dt) of the substrate surface.

[0045] In one specific embodiment, the process of preparing a solar cell thin film using the above-described apparatus may include the following steps: After the wet film substrate is prepared in the roll-to-roll precision coating station, it is input into the airlock transition cavity filled with inert protective gas for pre-equilibrium. With the airlock valve open, the substrate smoothly enters the first chamber of the three-stage vacuum gradient treatment chamber under the drive of the magnetic levitation motor, initiating the initial drying process. The substrate passes through the second and third gradient vacuum chambers in the three-stage vacuum gradient treatment chamber at a uniform speed. Under the precise control of solvent partial pressure and temperature field, the gradient desorption of solvent and the initial curing of the film are completed. After passing through the end-plate valve, the substrate enters the VAC main chamber to complete the final crystallization. The entire transmission process is smooth with no mechanical vibration transmission, achieving a seamless connection of "wet film not sticking to the roller and no contact along the path".

[0046] The specific implementation method of the solar cell thin film preparation apparatus provided in this embodiment can be carried out with reference to the above embodiments, and will not be repeated here.

[0047] The present invention also provides a method for verifying the performance of the prepared solar cell thin film, as shown below.

[0048] Figure 3 This is one of the SEM structure diagrams provided in the embodiments of the present invention; Figure 4 This is the second schematic diagram of the SEM structure provided in the embodiment of the present invention.

[0049] in Figure 3 This is a schematic SEM image of the perovskite solar cell thin film prepared by direct annealing using traditional methods. Figure 4 To illustrate the application of this application, a SEM structural diagram of the solar cell thin film obtained after multi-stage vacuum gradient vacuum-assisted crystallization is shown. Figure 3 and Figure 4 The comparison shows that the solar cell film prepared by the traditional method has more pores on the surface and smaller grain size, indicating poor crystallinity. In contrast, the solar cell film prepared by the method provided in this application has no pores on the surface and the grain size is significantly increased, proving that its crystallinity performance has been significantly improved.

[0050] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the XRD test results provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0051] X-ray diffraction (XRD) tests can be performed on solar cell films prepared by conventional methods and those prepared using the method described in this application to obtain... Figure 5 The schematic diagram shown is composed of Figure 5 It can be seen that the characteristic peak intensity of the perovskite solar cell film after multi-level vacuum gradient assisted crystallization is significantly improved compared with the traditional method, further proving the excellent effect of multi-level vacuum assisted crystallization.

[0052] Figure 6 An example is a schematic diagram of the physical structure of an electronic device, such as... Figure 6 As shown, the electronic device may include a processor 610, a communication interface 620, a memory 630, and a communication bus 640, wherein the processor 610, the communication interface 620, and the memory 630 communicate with each other via the communication bus 640. The processor 610 can call logical instructions in the memory 630 to execute a method for preparing a thin film of a solar cell, the method including: A wet film substrate is obtained, wherein the wet film substrate is prepared by applying a roll-to-roll printing process; After performing vacuum-assisted crystallization with a multi-level vacuum gradient on the wet film substrate, a solar cell thin film is obtained.

[0053] Furthermore, the logical instructions in the aforementioned memory 630 can be implemented as software functional units and, when sold or used as independent products, can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium. Based on this understanding, the technical solution of the present invention, in essence, or the part that contributes to the prior art, or a part of the technical solution, can be embodied in the form of a software product. This computer software product is stored in a storage medium and includes several instructions to cause a computer device (which may be a personal computer, server, or network device, etc.) to execute all or part of the steps of the methods of the various embodiments of the present invention. The aforementioned storage medium includes various media capable of storing program code, such as USB flash drives, portable hard drives, read-only memory (ROM), random access memory (RAM), magnetic disks, or optical disks.

[0054] On the other hand, the present invention also provides a computer program product, which includes a computer program that can be stored on a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium. When the computer program is executed by a processor, the computer is able to perform the method for preparing the solar cell thin film provided by the above methods, the method comprising: A wet film substrate is obtained, wherein the wet film substrate is prepared by applying a roll-to-roll printing process; After performing vacuum-assisted crystallization with a multi-level vacuum gradient on the wet film substrate, a solar cell thin film is obtained.

[0055] In another aspect, the present invention also provides a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program thereon, which, when executed by a processor, implements a method for preparing a solar cell thin film provided by the methods described above, the method comprising: A wet film substrate is obtained, wherein the wet film substrate is prepared by applying a roll-to-roll printing process; After performing vacuum-assisted crystallization with a multi-level vacuum gradient on the wet film substrate, a solar cell thin film is obtained.

[0056] The device embodiments described above are merely illustrative. The units described as separate components may or may not be physically separate, and the components shown as units may or may not be physical units; that is, they may be located in one place or distributed across multiple network units. Some or all of the modules can be selected to achieve the purpose of this embodiment according to actual needs. Those skilled in the art can understand and implement this without any creative effort.

[0057] Through the above description of the embodiments, those skilled in the art can clearly understand that each embodiment can be implemented by means of software plus necessary general-purpose hardware platforms, and of course, it can also be implemented by hardware. Based on this understanding, the above technical solutions, in essence or the part that contributes to the prior art, can be embodied in the form of a software product. This computer software product can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium, such as ROM / RAM, magnetic disk, optical disk, etc., including several instructions to cause a computer device (which may be a personal computer, server, or network device, etc.) to execute the methods of various embodiments or some parts of embodiments.

[0058] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, and not to limit them; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some of the technical features; and these modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for preparing a thin film for a solar cell, characterized in that, include: A wet film substrate is obtained, wherein the wet film substrate is prepared by applying a roll-to-roll printing process; After performing vacuum-assisted crystallization with a multi-level vacuum gradient on the wet film substrate, a solar cell thin film is obtained; When performing vacuum-assisted crystallization with multi-stage vacuum gradients, a three-stage vacuum gradient treatment chamber is used; The multi-level vacuum gradient vacuum-assisted crystallization of the wet film substrate includes: Under a pre-set vacuum gradient, the wet film substrate is subjected to solvent desorption and heating by applying the solvent partial pressure and temperature value corresponding to the vacuum gradient, so as to achieve vacuum-assisted crystallization. The vacuum gradient includes a first vacuum gradient, a second vacuum gradient, and a third vacuum gradient, with the first vacuum gradient having a pressure value of 10. -1 Up to 10 3 Pa, the second vacuum gradient pressure is 10 Pa. -3 Up to 10 -1 Pa, the third vacuum gradient pressure is 10 Pa. -3 Below Pa; Under the first vacuum gradient, the temperature at which the wet film substrate is heated is between 20 degrees Celsius and 50 degrees Celsius; Under the second vacuum gradient, the temperature at which the wet film substrate is heated is 50 to 70 degrees Celsius. Under the third vacuum gradient, the temperature at which the wet film substrate is heated is between 70 degrees Celsius and 100 degrees Celsius. The solvents include DMF and DMSO; The solvent partial pressure of DMF under the first vacuum gradient is 1 kPa to 2 kPa; The solvent partial pressure of DMF under the second vacuum gradient is 10. -1 Pa to 10 1 Pa; The solvent partial pressure of DMF under the third vacuum gradient is 10. -6 Pa to 10 -3 Pa; The solvent partial pressure of DMSO under the first vacuum gradient is 0.1 kPa to 0.2 kPa; The solvent partial pressure of DMSO under the second vacuum gradient is 10. -1 Pa to 10 1 Pa; The solvent partial pressure of DMSO under the third vacuum gradient is 10. -6 Pa to 10 -3 Pa.

2. The method for preparing a solar cell thin film according to claim 1, characterized in that, The solar cell film is a perovskite solar cell film.

3. An apparatus for preparing a solar cell thin film, using the method for preparing a solar cell thin film according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, include: A thin film printing system for preparing wet film substrates using roll-to-roll printing technology; A vacuum gradient cavity is used to perform gradient desorption of solvent and film curing on the wet film substrate through a multi-level vacuum gradient. The main vacuum chamber is used to complete vacuum-assisted crystallization.

4. An electronic device, comprising a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor, characterized in that, When the processor executes the program, it implements the method for preparing a solar cell thin film as described in claim 1 or 2.

5. A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program, characterized in that, When the computer program is executed by the processor, it implements the method for preparing the solar cell thin film as described in claim 1 or 2.

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