Techniques for user equipment mobility beam prediction

Abstract

Various aspects of the present disclosure generally relate to wireless communications. In some aspects, a user equipment (UE) may receive network assistance information regarding at least one of a spatial beam prediction or a temporal beam prediction associated with mobility from a source cell to a target cell of a plurality of candidate target cells. The network assistance information may indicate at least one of a return delay characteristic or a target layer 1 (L1) reference signal received power (RSRP) value. The UE may perform the spatial beam prediction or the temporal beam prediction according to the network assistance information. Numerous other aspects are described.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] All aspects of this disclosure relate to wireless communication in general, and to techniques and apparatus for user equipment mobility beam prediction. Background Technology

[0002] Wireless communication systems are widely deployed to provide a variety of telecommunications services, such as telephone, video, data, messaging, and broadcasting. Typical wireless communication systems employ multiple access technologies that can support communication with multiple users by sharing available system resources (e.g., bandwidth, transmit power, etc.). Examples of such multiple access technologies include Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) systems, Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA) systems, Frequency Division Multiple Access (FDMA) systems, Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access (OFDMA) systems, Single Carrier Frequency Division Multiple Access (SC-FDMA) systems, Time Division Synchronous Code Division Multiple Access (TD-SCDMA) systems, and Long Term Evolution (LTE). LTE / LTE-Advanced is a collection of enhancements to the Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) mobile standard issued by the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP).

[0003] A wireless network may include one or more network nodes that support communication for wireless communication devices, such as user equipment (UE) or multiple UEs. A UE may communicate with network nodes via downlink and uplink communication. A "downlink" (or "DL") refers to the communication link from the network node to the UE, and an "uplink" (or "UL") refers to the communication link from the UE to the network node. Some wireless networks may support device-to-device communication, such as via local links (e.g., sidelinks (SL), wireless local area network (WLAN) links, and / or wireless personal area network (WPAN) links, etc.).

[0004] These multiple access technologies have been adopted in various telecommunications standards to provide a common protocol that enables different UEs to communicate at the city, country, region, or global level. New Radio (NR) (also known as 5G) is a set of enhancements to the LTE mobile standard issued by 3GPP. NR is designed to better support mobile broadband internet access by: improving spectrum efficiency; reducing costs; improving service; utilizing new spectrum; and using Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) with Cyclic Prefix (CP) (CP-OFDM) on the downlink and CP-OFDM or Single Carrier Frequency Division Multiplexing (SC-FDM) (also known as Discrete Fourier Transform Extended OFDM (DFT-s-OFDM)) on the uplink to better integrate with other open standards; and supporting beamforming, multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) antenna technologies and carrier aggregation. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In some specific implementations, a method of wireless communication performed by a user equipment (UE) includes: receiving network assistance information regarding at least one of spatial beam prediction or temporal beam prediction, the spatial beam prediction or the temporal beam prediction being associated with mobility from a source cell to a target cell among a plurality of candidate target cells, the network assistance information indicating at least one of a backhaul delay characteristic or a target layer 1 (L1) reference signal received power (RSRP) value; and performing the spatial beam prediction or the temporal beam prediction based on the network assistance information.

[0006] In some specific implementations, a wireless communication method performed by a network node includes: generating network assistance information about at least one of spatial beam prediction or temporal beam prediction, the spatial beam prediction or the temporal beam prediction being associated with the mobility of a UE from a source cell to a target cell among a plurality of candidate target cells, the network assistance information indicating at least one of backhaul delay characteristics or a target L1 RSRP value; and transmitting the network assistance information.

[0007] In some specific implementations, an apparatus for wireless communication at a UE includes: one or more memories; and one or more processors coupled to the one or more memories, the one or more processors being individually or collectively configured to cause the UE to: receive network assistance information regarding at least one of spatial beam prediction or temporal beam prediction, the spatial beam prediction or the temporal beam prediction being associated with mobility from a source cell to a target cell among a plurality of candidate target cells, the network assistance information indicating at least one of backhaul delay characteristics or a target L1 RSRP value; and perform the spatial beam prediction or the temporal beam prediction based on the network assistance information.

[0008] In some specific implementations, an apparatus for wireless communication at a network node includes: one or more memories; and one or more processors coupled to the one or more memories, the one or more processors being individually or collectively configured to cause the network node to: generate network assistance information regarding at least one of spatial beam prediction or temporal beam prediction, the spatial beam prediction or the temporal beam prediction being associated with the mobility of a UE from a source cell to a target cell among a plurality of candidate target cells, the network assistance information indicating at least one of backhaul delay characteristics or a target L1 RSRP value; and transmit the network assistance information.

[0009] In some implementations, a non-transitory computer-readable medium storing a set of instructions for wireless communication includes one or more instructions that, when executed by one or more processors of a UE, cause the UE to: receive network assistance information regarding at least one of spatial beam prediction or temporal beam prediction, the spatial beam prediction or the temporal beam prediction being associated with mobility from a source cell to a target cell among a plurality of candidate target cells, the network assistance information indicating at least one of a backhaul delay characteristic or a target L1 RSRP value; and perform the spatial beam prediction or the temporal beam prediction based on the network assistance information.

[0010] In some implementations, a non-transitory computer-readable medium storing a set of instructions for wireless communication includes one or more instructions that, when executed by one or more processors of a network node, cause the network node to: generate network assistance information regarding at least one of spatial beam prediction or temporal beam prediction, which is associated with the mobility of a UE from a source cell to a target cell among a plurality of candidate target cells, the network assistance information indicating at least one of a backhaul delay characteristic or a target L1 RSRP value; and transmit the network assistance information.

[0011] In some specific implementations, an apparatus for wireless communication includes: components for receiving network-aided information regarding at least one of spatial beam prediction or temporal beam prediction, the spatial beam prediction or the temporal beam prediction being associated with mobility from a source cell to a target cell among a plurality of candidate target cells, the network-aided information indicating at least one of a backhaul delay characteristic or a target L1 RSRP value; and components for performing the spatial beam prediction or the temporal beam prediction based on the network-aided information.

[0012] In some specific implementations, an apparatus for wireless communication includes: components for generating network assistance information about at least one of spatial beam prediction or temporal beam prediction, the spatial beam prediction or the temporal beam prediction being associated with the mobility of a UE from a source cell to a target cell among a plurality of candidate target cells, the network assistance information indicating at least one of backhaul delay characteristics or a target L1 RSRP value; and components for transmitting the network assistance information.

[0013] The entirety of the terms includes methods, apparatus, systems, computer program products, non-transitory computer-readable media, user equipment, base stations, network entities, network nodes, wireless communication devices and / or processing systems as fully described herein with reference to the accompanying drawings and description and illustrated as illustrated in the drawings and description.

[0014] The features and technical advantages of the examples according to this disclosure have been summarized rather extensively above in order to better understand the detailed description below. Additional features and advantages will be described below. The disclosed concepts and specific examples can be readily utilized as the basis for modifying or designing other structures for achieving the same purpose of this disclosure. Such equivalent constructions do not depart from the scope of the appended claims. The characteristics of the concepts disclosed herein (both their organization and manner of operation) and the associated advantages will be better understood from the following description when considered in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Each figure in the drawings is provided for illustrative and descriptive purposes and not as a limitation of the definitions in the claims. Attached Figure Description

[0015] To gain a full understanding of the foregoing features of this disclosure, a more specific description of the invention, briefly outlined above, can be obtained by referring to various aspects, some of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings. However, it should be noted that the drawings illustrate only certain typical aspects of this disclosure and are therefore not to be considered as limiting its scope, as other equally valid aspects are permissible in this description. The same reference numerals in different drawings may identify the same or similar elements.

[0016] Figure 1 This is a diagram illustrating an example of a wireless network according to the present disclosure.

[0017] Figure 2 This is a diagram illustrating an example of communication between a network node and a user equipment (UE) in a wireless network according to the present disclosure.

[0018] Figure 3 This is a diagram illustrating an example decomposed base station architecture according to this disclosure.

[0019] Figure 4 This is a diagram illustrating an example of beam management based on artificial intelligence and machine learning according to this disclosure.

[0020] Figure 5 This is a diagram illustrating an example of a mobility process according to this disclosure.

[0021] Figure 6 This is a diagram illustrating an example of a beam management process according to this disclosure.

[0022] Figure 7 This is a diagram illustrating an example of UE mobility beam prediction according to this disclosure.

[0023] Figure 8 This is a diagram illustrating examples of spatial beam prediction and temporal beam prediction according to this disclosure.

[0024] Figure 9 This is a diagram illustrating an example process performed, for example, at the UE or a device of the UE, according to this disclosure.

[0025] Figure 10 This is a diagram illustrating an example process performed, for example, at a network node or a device of a network node, according to the present disclosure.

[0026] Figure 11 This is a diagram of an example device for wireless communication according to the present disclosure.

[0027] Figure 12 This is a diagram of an example device for wireless communication according to the present disclosure. Detailed Implementation

[0028] Beam prediction can be used to predict one or more beam characteristics of the beam to be used for transmitting or receiving data, for example, to improve signal strength, reduce interference, enhance signal range, improve capacity, and / or improve energy efficiency. Spatial domain (SD) beam prediction can be used to predict the optimal direction or spatial angle for the beam used for transmitting or receiving, while temporal domain (TD) beam prediction can be used to predict the time or time interval for the beam used for transmitting or receiving. Mobility procedures may include a user equipment (UE) moving from a coverage area associated with a source cell to a coverage area associated with a target cell. Specifically, lower-layer triggered mobility (LTM) procedures may include the UE initiating a handover from a source cell to a target cell among multiple candidate target cells based on one or more measurements performed at lower layers of the network protocol stack (e.g., Layer 1 (L1) or Layer 2 (L2)). In some cases, throughput may be interrupted during mobility procedures. The UE may be served by a narrow beam in the source cell, but a beam refinement procedure may be required in the target cell, for example, because the synchronization signal block (SSB) is available for mobility and LTM measurements. Additionally, due to non-ideal backhaul delays, the preferred Transmit Configuration Indicator (TCI) state for the UE in the target cell may not be delivered on time, and beam search may be required when the UE switches to the target cell.

[0029] In some cases, the decision to perform SD or TD beam prediction under LTM can be based on one or more conditions. For example, the UE may decide whether to perform SD or TD beam prediction based on whether it needs to guarantee seamless handover for certain applications (such as Extended Reality or Ultra-Reliable Low-Latency Communication) or whether it has urgent uplink throughput requirements. In another example, the UE may decide whether to perform SD or TD beam prediction based on whether it has sufficient computational or thermal budget to perform SD or TD beam prediction within a short time period (e.g., according to LTM cell handover commands). In this example, UE-side prediction may be preferred because there may be more observations (e.g., measurements) available at the UE compared to at the network node. However, if the UE is computationally or thermally constrained, network-side prediction may be preferred. In another example, the UE may decide whether to perform SD or TD beam prediction based on whether the backhaul delay during the most recent time period has exceeded a threshold (which causes the UE's preferred TCI state to not be delivered in a timely manner) or whether the UE needs to predict future timings (which may consume more power and / or generate more heat). One reason for non-ideal backhaul latency might be that the source and / or target cells may have more urgent tasks to handle in their software stacks, thus delaying the forwarding and decoding of inter-cell messages. This latency can vary depending on whether the source and / or target cells are busy with other tasks. However, the UE may not be configured with enough information to determine whether to perform SD or TD beam prediction based on the aforementioned conditions. This could prevent the UE from performing SD or TD beam prediction, potentially leading to further poor communication performance.

[0030] Various aspects are involved in wireless communication as a whole. Some aspects are more specifically related to UE mobility beam prediction. In some aspects, network nodes can transmit, and UEs can receive, network assistance information regarding at least one of spatial beam prediction or temporal beam prediction. Spatial or temporal beam prediction can be associated with mobility (such as LTM) from the source cell to a target cell among multiple candidate target cells. In some aspects, spatial and temporal beam prediction can be associated with at least one of L1 reference signal received power (RSRP), L1 signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR), the number of top-ranked L1 RSRP resources, or the number of top-ranked SINR resources. L1 RSRP, L1 SINR, the number of top-ranked RSRP resources, and the number of top-ranked SINR resources can be based at least in part on one or more SSBs or one or more virtual resources associated with multiple candidate target cells. In some examples, network assistance information can indicate the distribution of backhaul delay between the source cell and the target cell. Additionally or alternatively, network assistance information may indicate a desired L1 RSRP level, which may be associated with the highest L1 RSRP among multiple L1 RSRPs measured from the SSB for multiple candidate target cells. The UE may use the network assistance information to identify whether to perform spatial beam prediction or temporal beam prediction. For example, the UE may perform at least one of spatial beam prediction or temporal beam prediction based on the satisfaction of a condition indicated in the network assistance information. Alternatively, the UE may suppress the execution of spatial beam prediction or temporal beam prediction based on the non-satisfaction of a condition indicated in the network assistance information.

[0031] Specific aspects of the subject matter described in this disclosure can be implemented to achieve one or more of the following potential advantages. In some examples, by transmitting and receiving network assistance information, the described techniques can be used to enable a UE to identify whether to perform spatial beam prediction or temporal beam prediction based on one or more conditions. For example, based on the network assistance information, the UE can identify whether to perform spatial beam prediction or temporal beam prediction at least in part based on the distribution of backhaul delay between the source cell and the target cell. Additionally or alternatively, based on the network assistance information, the UE can identify whether to perform spatial beam prediction or temporal beam prediction at least in part based on the desired L1RSRP level. In some examples, by performing spatial beam prediction or temporal beam prediction based on the network assistance information, the UE can identify whether to hand over from the source cell to the target cell based on one or more conditions, which can improve communication performance. In some examples, by performing spatial beam prediction or temporal beam prediction based on the network assistance information, the computational and / or thermal performance of the UE can be improved by reducing the occurrence of unnecessary beam prediction. These example advantages, etc., will be described in more detail below.

[0032] Various aspects of this disclosure are described more fully below with reference to the accompanying drawings. However, this disclosure may be embodied in many different forms and should not be construed as limited to any particular structure or function presented throughout this disclosure. Rather, these aspects are provided to make this disclosure thorough and complete, and to fully convey the scope of this disclosure to those skilled in the art. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the scope of this disclosure is intended to cover any aspect of this disclosure disclosed herein, whether implemented independently or in combination with any other aspect of this disclosure. For example, any number of aspects set forth herein may be used to implement an apparatus or method of practice. Furthermore, the scope of this disclosure is intended to cover such apparatus or methods practiced using structures, functions, or structures and functions other than or different from the aspects of the disclosure set forth herein. It should be understood that any aspect of the disclosure herein may be embodied by one or more elements of the claims.

[0033] Various devices and techniques will now be used to illustrate several aspects of a telecommunications system. These devices and techniques will be described in detail below and illustrated in the accompanying drawings by various blocks, modules, components, circuits, steps, processes, or algorithms (collectively, “elements”). These elements may be implemented using hardware, software, or a combination thereof. Whether these elements are implemented as hardware or software depends on the specific application and the design constraints imposed on the system as a whole.

[0034] Although terms generally associated with 5G or New Radio (NR) Radio Access Technology (RAT) may be used herein to describe aspects, aspects of this disclosure may be applied to other RATs, such as 3G RAT, 4G RAT and / or 5G and later (e.g., 6G) RATs.

[0035] Figure 1This is an illustration of an example of a wireless network 100. Wireless network 100 can be a 5G (e.g., NR) network or a 4G (e.g., LTE) network, or may include elements of a 5G (e.g., NR) network or elements of a 4G (e.g., LTE) network, etc. Wireless network 100 may include one or more network nodes 110 (shown as network nodes 110a, 110b, 110c, and 110d), one or more UEs 120 (shown as UEs 120a, 120b, 120c, 120d, and 120e), or other entities. Network node 110 is an example of a network node communicating with UE 120. As shown, network node 110 may include one or more network nodes. For example, network node 110 can be an aggregated network node, meaning that the aggregated network node is configured to utilize a radio protocol stack that is physically or logically integrated within a single RAN node (e.g., within a single device or unit). As another example, network node 110 can be a decomposed network node (sometimes referred to as a decomposed base station), meaning that network node 110 is configured to utilize a protocol stack that is physically or logically distributed among two or more nodes (such as one or more central units (CUs), one or more distributed units (DUs), or one or more radio units (RUs)).

[0036] In some examples, network node 110 is or includes network nodes (such as RUs) that communicate with UE 120 via a radio access link. In some examples, network node 110 is or includes network nodes (such as DUs) that communicate with other network nodes 110 via a fronthaul or midhaul link. In some examples, network node 110 is or includes network nodes (such as CUs) that communicate with other network nodes 110 via a midhaul link or with the core network via a backhaul link. In some examples, network node 110 (such as aggregated network node 110 or decomposed network node 110) may include multiple network nodes, such as one or more RUs, one or more CUs, and / or one or more DUs. For example, network node 110 may include NR base stations, LTE base stations, Node Bs, eNBs (e.g., in 4G), gNBs (e.g., in 5G), access points, Transmit / Receive Points (TRPs), DUs, RUs, CUs, network mobility elements, core network nodes, network elements, network equipment, RAN nodes, or combinations thereof. In some examples, network nodes 110 can interconnect with each other or with one or more other network nodes 110 in the wireless network 100 using any suitable transport network through various types of fronthaul interfaces, midhaul interfaces, and / or backhaul interfaces (such as direct physical connections, air interfaces, or virtual networks).

[0037] In some examples, network node 110 may provide communication coverage for a specific geographic area. In the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP), depending on the context in which the term is used, the term "cell" may refer to the coverage area of ​​network node 110 or a network node subsystem serving that coverage area. Network node 110 may provide communication coverage for macrocells, picocells, femtocells, or another type of cell. A macrocell may cover a relatively large geographic area (e.g., with a radius of several kilometers) and may allow unrestricted access by UE 120 with a service subscription. A picocell may cover a relatively small geographic area and may allow unrestricted access by UE 120 with a service subscription. A femtocell may cover a relatively small geographic area (e.g., a residential area) and may allow restricted access by UE 120 associated with that femtocell (e.g., UE 120 in a Closed Subscriber Group (CSG)). Network node 110 used for macrocells may be referred to as a macro network node. Network node 110 used for picocells may be referred to as a pico network node. The network node 110 used for femtocells can be referred to as a femtocell network node or a home network node. Figure 1 In the example shown, network node 110a can be a macro network node for macro cell 102a, network node 110b can be a pico network node for pico cell 102b, and network node 110c can be a femto network node for femto cell 102c. Network nodes can support one or more (e.g., three) cells. In some examples, the cells may not necessarily be stationary, and the geographical area of ​​the cells may move depending on the location of the mobile network node 110 (e.g., a mobile network node).

[0038] In some aspects, the term "base station" or "network node" may refer to an aggregated base station, a decomposed base station, an integrated access and backhaul (IAB) node, a relay node, or one or more components thereof. For example, in some aspects, "base station" or "network node" may refer to a CU, DU, RU, a near real-time (near RT) RAN intelligent controller (RIC), or a non-real-time (non-RT) RIC, or a combination thereof. In some aspects, the term "base station" or "network node" may refer to a device configured to perform one or more functions (such as those described herein in conjunction with network node 110). In some aspects, the term "base station" or "network node" may refer to multiple devices configured to perform one or more functions. For example, in some distributed systems, each of multiple different devices (which may be located in the same geographical location or different geographical locations) may be configured to perform at least a portion of a function, or to repeatedly perform at least a portion of that function, and the term "base station" or "network node" may refer to any one or more of these different devices. In some aspects, the term "base station" or "network node" may refer to one or more virtual base stations or one or more virtual base station functions. For example, in some aspects, two or more base station functions can be instantiated on a single device. In some aspects, the term "base station" or "network node" may refer to one base station function rather than another. In this way, a single device may include more than one base station.

[0039] Wireless network 100 may include one or more relay stations. A relay station is a network node that receives data transmissions from an upstream node (e.g., network node 110 or UE 120) and transmits the data to a downstream node (e.g., UE 120 or network node 110). A relay station may be a UE 120 that can relay transmissions to other UE 120s. Figure 1 In the example shown, network node 110d (e.g., a relay network node) can communicate with network node 110a (e.g., a macro network node) and UE 120d to facilitate communication between network node 110a and UE 120d. The network node 110 for relay communication may be referred to as a relay station, relay base station, relay network node, relay node, or relay, etc.

[0040] The wireless network 100 can be a heterogeneous network, comprising different types of network nodes 110, such as macro network nodes, pico network nodes, femto network nodes, or relay network nodes. These different types of network nodes 110 may have different transmit power levels, different coverage areas, or different effects on interference in the wireless network 100. For example, macro network nodes may have high transmit power levels (e.g., 5 watts to 40 watts), while pico network nodes, femto network nodes, and relay network nodes may have lower transmit power levels (e.g., 0.1 watts to 2 watts).

[0041] Network controller 130 may be coupled to or communicate with network node set 110, and may provide coordination and control for these network nodes 110. Network controller 130 may communicate with network nodes 110 via a backhaul or midhaul link. Network nodes 110 may also communicate directly with each other, or indirectly via a wireless or wired backhaul link. In some aspects, network controller 130 may be a CU or core network device, or may include a CU or core network device.

[0042] UE 120 may be distributed throughout the wireless network 100, and each UE 120 may be stationary or mobile. UE 120 may include, for example, an access terminal, a terminal, a mobile station, or a subscriber unit. UE 120 may be a cellular phone (e.g., a smartphone), a personal digital assistant (PDA), a wireless modem, a wireless communication device, a handheld device, a laptop computer, a cordless phone, a wireless local loop (WLL) station, a tablet computer, a camera, a gaming device, a netbook, a smartbook, an ultrabook, a medical device, a biometric device, a wearable device (e.g., a smartwatch, smart clothing, smart glasses, a smart wristband, smart jewelry (e.g., a smart ring or smart bracelet)), an entertainment device (e.g., a music device, a video device, or a satellite radio), an in-vehicle component or sensor, a smart meter / sensor, industrial manufacturing equipment, a GPS device, a UE function of a network node, or any other suitable device configured to communicate via wireless or wired media.

[0043] Some UEs 120 may be considered machine-type communication (MTC) or evolved or enhanced machine-type communication (eMTC) UEs. MTC UEs or eMTC UEs may include, for example, robots, unmanned aerial vehicles, remote devices, sensors, meters, monitors, or location markers that can communicate with network nodes, another device (e.g., a remote device), or some other entity. Some UEs 120 may be considered Internet of Things (IoT) devices or may be implemented as NB-IoT (Narrowband IoT) devices. Some UEs 120 may be considered customer premises equipment. UEs 120 may be included within a housing that houses the components of the UE 120, such as processor components or memory components. In some examples, the processor components and memory components may be coupled together. For example, the processor components (e.g., one or more processors) and memory components (e.g., memory) may be operatively coupled, communicatively coupled, electronically coupled, or electrically coupled.

[0044] Generally, any number of wireless networks 100 can be deployed in a given geographical area. Each wireless network 100 can support a specific RAT and can operate on one or more frequencies. A RAT can also be referred to as a radio technology or air interface. A frequency can also be referred to as a carrier or frequency channel. Each frequency can support a single RAT in a given geographical area to avoid interference between wireless networks using different RATs. In some cases, NR or 5G RAT networks can be deployed.

[0045] In some examples, two or more UEs 120 (e.g., shown as UE 120a and UE 120e) may communicate directly using one or more sidelink channels (e.g., without using network node 110 as an intermediary for communication with each other). For example, UE 120 may communicate using peer-to-peer (P2P) communication, device-to-device (D2D) communication, vehicle-to-everything (V2X) protocols (e.g., which may include vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) protocols, vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I) protocols, or vehicle-to-pedestrian (V2P) protocols), or a mesh network. In such examples, UE 120 may perform scheduling operations, resource selection operations, or other operations described elsewhere herein as being performed by network node 110.

[0046] Devices in Wireless Network 100 can communicate using the electromagnetic spectrum, which can be subdivided into various categories, bands, or channels by frequency or wavelength. For example, devices in Wireless Network 100 can communicate using one or more operating bands. In 5G NR, two initial operating bands have been designated as frequency ranges FR1 (410MHz to 7.125GHz) and FR2 (24.25GHz to 52.6GHz). Although a portion of FR1 is greater than 6GHz, in various documents and articles, FR1 is often (interchangeably) referred to as the “sub-6GHz” band. Similar naming issues sometimes occur with FR2, which is often (interchangeably) referred to in documents and articles as the “millimeter wave” band, although this is different from the Extremely High Frequency (EHF) band (30GHz to 300GHz) designated as a “millimeter wave” band by the International Telecommunication Union (ITU).

[0047] The frequencies between FR1 and FR2 are generally referred to as mid-band frequencies. Recent 5G NR studies have designated the operating bands for these mid-band frequencies as the frequency range designation FR3 (7.125GHz-24.25GHz). Bands falling within FR3 can inherit FR1 or FR2 characteristics, thus effectively extending the features of FR1 or FR2 into the mid-band frequencies. Furthermore, higher frequency bands are currently being explored to extend 5G NR operation beyond 52.6GHz. For example, three higher operating frequency bands have been designated as the frequency range designations FR4a or FR4-1 (52.6GHz to 71GHz), FR4 (52.6GHz to 114.25GHz), and FR5 (114.25GHz to 300GHz). Each of these higher frequency bands falls within the EHF band.

[0048] In light of these examples, unless otherwise specifically stated, the term "below 6 GHz" as used herein can broadly refer to frequencies less than 6 GHz, frequencies within FR1, or frequencies that may include intermediate frequency bands. Furthermore, unless otherwise specifically stated, the term "millimeter wave" as used herein can broadly refer to frequencies that may include intermediate frequency bands, frequencies within FR2, FR4, FR4-a, FR4-1, or FR5, or frequencies within the EHF band. It is conceivable that the frequencies included in these operating frequency bands (e.g., FR1, FR2, FR3, FR4, FR4-a, FR4-1, or FR5) can be modified, and the techniques described herein are applicable to those modified frequency ranges.

[0049] In some aspects, UE 120 may include a communication manager 140. As described in more detail elsewhere herein, the communication manager 140 may receive network assistance information regarding at least one of spatial beam prediction or temporal beam prediction, which is associated with mobility from a source cell to a target cell among a plurality of candidate target cells, the network assistance information indicating at least one of a backhaul delay characteristic or a target L1 RSRP value; and perform spatial beam prediction or temporal beam prediction based on the network assistance information. Additionally or alternatively, the communication manager 140 may perform one or more other operations described herein.

[0050] In some aspects, network node 110 may include communication manager 150. As described in more detail elsewhere herein, communication manager 150 may generate network assistance information regarding at least one of spatial beam prediction or temporal beam prediction, which is associated with the UE's mobility from a source cell to a target cell among a plurality of candidate target cells, the network assistance information indicating at least one of backhaul delay characteristics or target L1 RSRP values; and transmit the network assistance information. Additionally or alternatively, communication manager 150 may perform one or more other operations described herein.

[0051] As indicated above, Figure 1 This is provided as an example. Other examples are available with reference to [the relevant information]. Figure 1 The examples described are different.

[0052] Figure 2 This is a diagram illustrating example 200 of communication between network node 110 and UE 120 in wireless network 100. Network node 110 may be equipped with antenna sets 234a to 234t, such as... T One antenna ( T ≥1). UE 120 may be equipped with antenna sets 252a to 252r, such as R One antenna ( R ≥1). Network node 110 of Example 200 includes one or more radio frequency components, such as antenna 234 and modem 232. In some examples, network node 110 may include an interface, communication components, or another component that facilitates communication with UE 120 or another network node. Some network node 110 may not include radio frequency components that facilitate direct communication with UE 120, such as one or more CUs or one or more DUs.

[0053] At network node 110, transmitting processor 220 can receive data from data source 212 intended for use by UE 120 (or UE set 120). Transmitting processor 220 can use one or more Channel Quality Indicators (CQIs) received from UE 120 to select one or more modulation and decoding schemes (MCSs) for that UE 120. Network node 110 can use the MCS selected for UE 120 to process (e.g., encode and modulate) the data for UE 120 and can provide data symbols to UE 120. Transmitting processor 220 can process system information (e.g., semi-static resource partitioning information (SRPI)) and control information (e.g., CQI requests, grants, or upper-layer signaling) and provide overhead symbols and control symbols. Transmitting processor 220 can generate reference symbols for reference signals (e.g., cell-specific reference signals (CRS) or demodulation reference signals (DMRS)) and synchronization signals (e.g., primary synchronization signal (PSS) or secondary synchronization signal (SSS)). The transmit (TX) multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) processor 230 can perform spatial processing (e.g., pre-decoding, if applicable) on data symbols, control symbols, overhead symbols, or reference symbols, and can direct to a corresponding set of modems 232 (e.g., modems 232a to 232t) shown as modems 232a to 232t. T A set of output symbol streams (e.g., modems) is provided by a modem. T Each output symbol stream can be provided to a modulator component (shown as MOD) of modem 232. Each modem 232 can use a corresponding modulator component to process the corresponding output symbol stream (e.g., for OFDM) to obtain an output sample stream. Each modem 232 can also use a corresponding modulator component to process (e.g., convert to analog, amplify, filter, or upconvert) the output sample stream to obtain a downlink signal. Modems 232a to 232t can be connected via a corresponding set of antennas 234 (e.g., T Each antenna (shown as antennas 234a to 234t) is used to transmit a set of downlink signals (e.g., T (One downlink signal).

[0054] At UE 120, the set of antennas 252 (shown as antennas 252a to 252r) can receive downlink signals from network node 110 or other network nodes 110, and can transmit signals to the set of modems 254 (e.g., R Each modem (shown as modems 254a to 254r) provides a set of received signals (e.g., REach received signal may be provided to a demodulator component (shown as DEMOD) of modem 254. Each modem 254 may use a corresponding demodulator component to condition (e.g., filter, amplify, down-convert, or digitize) the received signal to obtain an input sample. Each modem 254 may use a demodulator component to further process the input sample (e.g., for OFDM) to obtain a received symbol. MIMO detector 256 may obtain the received symbols from modem 254, perform MIMO detection on the received symbols where applicable, and provide the detected symbols. Receiver processor 258 may process (e.g., demodulate and decode) the detected symbols, provide the decoded data for UE 120 to data sink 260, and provide the decoded control information and system information to controller / processor 280. The term "controller / processor" may refer to one or more controllers, one or more processors, or a combination thereof. Channel processor may determine RSRP parameters, Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI) parameters, Reference Signal Received Quality (RSRQ) parameters, or CQI parameters, etc. In some examples, one or more components of UE 120 may be included in housing 284.

[0055] Network controller 130 may include communication unit 294, controller / processor 290, and memory 292. Network controller 130 may include one or more devices, for example, in a core network. Network controller 130 may communicate with network node 110 via communication unit 294.

[0056] One or more antennas (e.g., antennas 234a to 234t or antennas 252a to 252r) may include or be included in the following: one or more antenna panels, one or more antenna groups, one or more collections of antenna elements, or one or more antenna arrays, etc. Antenna panels, antenna groups, collections of antenna elements, or antenna arrays may include one or more antenna elements (within a single housing or multiple housings), coplanar antenna element collections, non-coplanar antenna element collections, or coupled to one or more transmitting or receiving components (such as...). Figure 2 One or more antenna elements (one or more components).

[0057] On the uplink, at UE 120, transmit processor 264 can receive and process data from data source 262 and control information (e.g., reports including RSRP, RSSI, RSRQ, or CQI) from controller / processor 280. Transmit processor 264 can generate reference symbols for one or more reference signals. Symbols from transmit processor 264 may be pre-decoded by TX MIMO processor 266 where applicable, further processed by modem 254 (e.g., for DFT-s-OFDM or CP-OFDM), and transmitted to network node 110. In some examples, modem 254 of UE 120 may include a modulator and demodulator. In some examples, UE 120 includes a transceiver. The transceiver may include antenna 252, modem 254, MIMO detector 256, receive processor 258, transmit processor 264, or any combination of TX MIMO processor 266. The transceiver may be used by processor (e.g., controller / processor 280) and memory 282 to perform textual (e.g., reference) functions. Figures 7 to 12 ( ) any aspect of the process described in the process.

[0058] At network node 110, uplink signals from UE 120 or other UEs may be received by antenna 234, processed by modem 232 (e.g., demodulator component of modem 232, shown as DEMOD), detected by MIMO detector 236 where applicable, and further processed by receiver processor 238 to obtain decoded data and control information transmitted via UE 120. Receiver processor 238 may provide the decoded data to data sink 239 and the decoded control information to controller / processor 240. Network node 110 may include communication unit 244 and may communicate with network controller 130 via communication unit 244. Network node 110 may include scheduler 246 to schedule one or more UEs 120 for downlink or uplink communication. In some examples, modem 232 of network node 110 may include modulator and demodulator. In some examples, network node 110 includes transceiver. The transceiver may include any combination of antenna 234, modem 232, MIMO detector 236, receive processor 238, transmit processor 220, or TX MIMO processor 230. The transceiver may be used by a processor (e.g., controller / processor 240) and memory 242 to execute this document (e.g., reference). Figures 7 to 12 ( ) any aspect of the process described in the process.

[0059] In some respects, the controller / processor 280 may be a component of a processing system. A processing system can typically be a system or a series of machines or components that receive input and process it to produce output (which may be passed to other systems or components, such as UE 120). For example, the processing system of UE 120 may be a system that includes various other components or sub-components of UE 120.

[0060] The processing system of UE 120 can interface with one or more other components of UE 120, and can process information (such as input or signals) received from one or more other components, or can output information to one or more other components. For example, the chip or modem of UE 120 may include: a processing system, a first interface for receiving or acquiring information, and a second interface for outputting, transmitting, or providing information. In some examples, the first interface may be an interface between the processing system of the chip or modem and a receiver, allowing UE 120 to receive information or signal input and to pass information to the processing system. In some examples, the second interface may be an interface between the processing system of the chip or modem and a transmitter, allowing UE 120 to transmit information output from the chip or modem. Those skilled in the art will readily recognize that the second interface may also acquire or receive information or signal input, and the first interface may also output, transmit, or provide information.

[0061] In some respects, the controller / processor 240 may be a component of a processing system. A processing system can typically be a system or a series of machines or components that receive input and process it to produce output (which may be passed to other systems or components, such as network node 110). For example, the processing system of network node 110 may be a system that includes various other components or sub-components of network node 110.

[0062] The processing system of network node 110 can interface with one or more other components of network node 110, and can process information (such as input or signals) received from one or more other components, or can output information to one or more other components. For example, the chip or modem of network node 110 may include: a processing system, a first interface for receiving or acquiring information, and a second interface for outputting, transmitting, or providing information. In some examples, the first interface may be an interface between the processing system of the chip or modem and a receiver, allowing network node 110 to receive information or signal input and to pass information to the processing system. In some examples, the second interface may be an interface between the processing system of the chip or modem and a transmitter, allowing network node 110 to transmit information output from the chip or modem. Those skilled in the art will readily recognize that the second interface may also acquire or receive information or signal input, and the first interface may also output, transmit, or provide information.

[0063] The controller / processor 240 of network node 110, the controller / processor 280 of UE 120, or Figure 2 Any other component may perform one or more techniques associated with UE mobility beam prediction, as described in more detail elsewhere herein. For example, the controller / processor 240 of network node 110, the controller / processor 280 of UE 120, or... Figure 2 Any other component (or combination of components) may perform or direct, for example, as described herein. Figure 9 The process 900 Figure 10 The operation of process 1000 and / or other processes. Memory 242 and memory 282 may store data and program code for network node 110 and UE 120, respectively. In some examples, memory 242 and memory 282 may include a non-transitory computer-readable medium storing one or more instructions (e.g., code or program code) for wireless communication. For example, the one or more instructions may cause the one or more processors, UE 120, or network node 110 to perform or direct, for example, when executed by one or more processors of network node 110 or UE 120 (e.g., directly, or after compilation, transformation, or interpretation). Figure 9 The process 900 Figure 10 The operation of process 1000 and / or other processes as described herein. In some examples, the execution instructions may include run instructions, transform instructions, compile instructions and / or interpret instructions, etc.

[0064] In some aspects, UE 120 includes: components for receiving network-aided information regarding at least one of spatial beam prediction or temporal beam prediction, the spatial beam prediction or temporal beam prediction being associated with mobility from a source cell to a target cell among a plurality of candidate target cells, the network-aided information indicating at least one of a backhaul delay characteristic or a target L1 RSRP value; and / or components for performing spatial beam prediction or temporal beam prediction based on the network-aided information. Components for enabling UE 120 to perform the operations described herein may include, for example, one or more of a communication manager 140, an antenna 252, a modem 254, a MIMO detector 256, a receive processor 258, a transmit processor 264, a TX MIMO processor 266, a controller / processor 280, or a memory 282.

[0065] In some aspects, network node 110 includes: components for generating network auxiliary information regarding at least one of spatial beam prediction or temporal beam prediction, which is associated with the mobility of the UE from a source cell to a target cell among a plurality of candidate target cells, the network auxiliary information indicating at least one of backhaul delay characteristics or target L1 RSRP value; and / or components for transmitting the network auxiliary information. Components for enabling network node 110 to perform the operations described herein may include, for example, one or more of the following: communication manager 150, transmit processor 220, TX MIMO processor 230, modem 232, antenna 234, MIMO detector 236, receive processor 238, controller / processor 240, memory 242, or scheduler 246.

[0066] Although Figure 2 The boxes in the diagram are illustrated as different components, but the functions described above with respect to these boxes may be implemented in a single hardware, software, or combined component, or in various combinations of components. For example, the functions described with respect to transmit processor 264, receive processor 258, and / or TX MIMO processor 266 may be performed by or under the control of controller / processor 280.

[0067] In some respects, a single processor can be described as performing all functions executed by that one or more processors. In other respects, the one or more processors can collectively perform a set of functions. For example, a first set of processors(one or more) of the one or more processors can be described as performing a first function executed by that one or more processors, and a second set of processors(one or more) of the one or more processors can be described as performing a second function executed by that one or more processors. The first set of processors and the second set of processors can be the same set of processors or can be different sets of processors. The reference to "one or more processors" should be understood as referring to a combination of processors. Figure 2 Any one or more processors described. The reference to "one or more memories" should be understood to refer to any one or more memories of the corresponding device, such as those in conjunction with... Figure 2 The memory described. For example, a function described as being performed by one or more memories can be performed by the same subset of the one or more memories or by different subsets of the one or more memories.

[0068] As indicated above, Figure 2 This is provided as an example. Other examples are available with reference to [the relevant information]. Figure 2 The examples described are different.

[0069] Communication systems (such as 5G NR systems) can be deployed in various ways with a variety of components or parts. In a 5G NR system or network, network nodes, network entities, network mobility elements, RAN nodes, core network nodes, network elements, base stations, or network equipment can be implemented in a converged or decomposed architecture. For example, base stations (such as Node B (NB), evolved NB (eNB), NR base stations, 5G NB, access points (APs), TRPs, or cells, etc.) or one or more units (or one or more components) that perform base station functions can be implemented as converged base stations (also known as standalone base stations or monolithic base stations) or decomposed base stations. A "network entity" or "network node" can refer to a decomposed base station or one or more units of a decomposed base station (such as one or more CUs, one or more DUs, one or more RUs, or combinations thereof).

[0070] Aggregated base stations (e.g., aggregated network nodes) can be configured to utilize a radio protocol stack that is physically or logically integrated within a single RAN node (e.g., within a single device or cell). Decomposed base stations (e.g., decomposed network nodes) can be configured to utilize a protocol stack that is physically or logically distributed across two or more cells (such as one or more CUs, one or more DUs, or one or more RUs). In some examples, the CU may be implemented within a network node, and one or more DUs may be co-located with the CU, or alternatively, may be geographically or virtually distributed across one or more other network nodes. DUs may be implemented to communicate with one or more RUs. Each of the CU, DU, and RU can also be implemented as a virtual cell, such as a Virtual Central Unit (VCU), a Virtual Distributed Unit (VDU), or a Virtual Radio Unit (VRU), etc.

[0071] Base station type operation or network design can take into account the aggregation characteristics of base station functionality. For example, decomposed base stations can be utilized in IAB networks, Open Radio Access Networks (O-RAN (such as network configurations initiated by the O-RAN Alliance)), or Virtualized Radio Access Networks (vRAN, also known as Cloud Radio Access Networks (C-RAN)) to facilitate the scaling of communication systems by separating base station functionality into one or more units that can be deployed independently. Decomposed base stations can include functionality implemented across two or more units at various physical locations, as well as functionality virtually implemented for at least one unit, which enables flexibility in network design. Each unit of a decomposed base station can be configured for wired or wireless communication with at least one other unit of the decomposed base station.

[0072] Figure 3 This is an illustration of an example disaggregated base station architecture 300 according to this disclosure. The disaggregated base station architecture 300 may include a CU 310, which may communicate directly with the core network 320 via a backhaul link, or indirectly with the core network 320 via one or more disaggregated control units (such as near-RT RIC 325 via an E2 link, or a non-RT RIC 315 associated with a Service Management and Orchestration (SMO) framework 305, or both). The CU 310 may communicate with one or more DUs 330 via a corresponding midhaul link (such as via an F1 interface). Each DU 330 may communicate with one or more RUs 340 via a corresponding fronthaul link. Each RU 340 may communicate with one or more UEs 120 via a corresponding radio frequency (RF) access link. In some implementations, a UE 120 may be served simultaneously by multiple RUs 340.

[0073] Each of these units (including CU 310, DU 330, RU 340) and the near-RT RIC 325, non-RT RIC 315, and SMO frame 305 may include or be coupled to one or more interfaces configured to receive or transmit signals, data, or information (collectively, signals) via wired or wireless transmission media. Each of these units, or an associated processor or controller providing instructions to one or more communication interfaces of the respective unit, may be configured to communicate with one or more other units via transmission media. In some examples, each unit may include a wired interface and a wireless interface configured to receive signals or transmit signals to one or more other units via a wired transmission media, and the wireless interface may include a receiver, transmitter, or transceiver (such as an RF transceiver) configured to receive signals or transmit signals to one or more other units via a wireless transmission media, or both.

[0074] In some aspects, the CU 310 can host one or more higher-level control functions. Such control functions may include Radio Resource Control (RRC) functions, Packet Data Convergence Protocol (PDCP) functions, or Service Data Adaptation Protocol (SDAP) functions, etc. Each control function can be implemented using an interface configured to signal to other control functions hosted by the CU 310. The CU 310 can be configured to handle user plane functions (e.g., Central Unit-User Plane (CU-UP) functions), control plane functions (e.g., Central Unit-Control Plane (CU-CP) functions), or combinations thereof. In some implementations, the CU 310 can be logically split into one or more CU-UP units and one or more CU-CP units. When implemented in an O-RAN configuration, the CU-UP units can communicate bidirectionally with the CU-CP units via an interface such as an E1 interface. The CU 310 can be implemented to communicate with the DU 330 for network control and signaling purposes, as needed.

[0075] Each DU 330 may correspond to a logical unit comprising one or more base station functions for controlling the operation of one or more RU 340s. In some aspects, the DU 330 may host one or more of the Radio Link Control (RLC) layer, Medium Access Control (MAC) layer, and one or more high physical (PHY) layers, at least in part, according to functional splits (such as those defined by 3GPP). In some aspects, the one or more high PHY layers may be implemented by one or more modules for forward error correction (FEC) encoding and decoding, scrambling, and modulation and demodulation, etc. In some aspects, the DU 330 may also host one or more low PHY layers, such as those implemented by one or more modules for Fast Fourier Transform (FFT), Inverse FFT (iFFT), Digital Beamforming, or Physical Random Access Channel (PRACH) extraction and filtering, etc. Each layer (which may also be referred to as a module) may be implemented using an interface configured to communicate signals with other layers (and modules) hosted by the DU 330 or with control functions hosted by the CU 310.

[0076] Each RU 340 can implement lower-layer functionality. In some deployments, the RU 340 controlled by the DU 330 can correspond to a logical node that hosts RF processing functions or low-PHY layer functions, such as performing FFT, performing iFFT, digital beamforming, or PRACH extraction and filtering, based on function splitting (e.g., function splitting defined by 3GPP) (such as lower-layer function splitting). In this architecture, each RU 340 can be operated to handle over-the-air (OTA) communications with one or more UE 120s. In some specific implementations, the real-time and non-real-time aspects of control plane and user plane communications with the RU 340 can be controlled by the corresponding DU 330. In some scenarios, this configuration allows each DU 330 and CU 310 to be implemented in a cloud-based RAN architecture, such as a vRAN architecture.

[0077] The SMO framework 305 can be configured to support RAN deployment and provisioning of both non-virtualized and virtualized network elements. For non-virtualized network elements, the SMO framework 305 can be configured to support the deployment of dedicated physical resources for RAN coverage requirements, which can be managed via operation and maintenance interfaces such as the O1 interface. For virtualized network elements, the SMO framework 305 can be configured to interact with cloud computing platforms such as the Open Cloud (O-Cloud) platform 390 to perform network element lifecycle management (such as instantiating virtualized network elements) via cloud computing platform interfaces such as the O2 interface. Such virtualized network elements may include, but are not limited to, CU 310, DU 330, RU 340, non-RT RIC 315, and near-RTTRIC 325. In some specific implementations, the SMO framework 305 can communicate with the hardware aspects of the 4G RAN, such as the Open eNB (O-eNB) 311, via the O1 interface. Additionally, in some implementations, the SMO framework 305 can communicate directly with each of one or more RUs 340 via a corresponding O1 interface. The SMO framework 305 may also include a non-RT RIC 315 configured to support the functionality of the SMO framework 305.

[0078] The non-RT RIC 315 can be configured to include logical functions that enable non-real-time control and optimization of RAN elements and resources, including AI / ML workflows for model training and updates, or policy-based guidance for applications / features in the near-RT RIC 325. The non-RT RIC 315 can be coupled to or communicate with the near-RT RIC 325, such as via an A1 interface. The near-RT RIC 325 can be configured to include logical functions that enable near real-time control and optimization of RAN elements and resources via an interface, such as via an E2 interface, connecting one or more CU 310s, one or more DU 330s, or both, and O-eNBs to the near-RT RIC 325.

[0079] In some implementations, to generate AI / ML models to be deployed in the near-RT RIC 325, the non-RT RIC 315 can receive parameters or external enrichment information from an external server. This information can be utilized by the near-RT RIC 325 and can be received from non-network data sources or network functions at the SMO framework 305 or the non-RT RIC 315. In some examples, the non-RT RIC 315 or near-RT RIC 325 can be configured to tune RAN behavior or performance. For example, the non-RT RIC 315 can monitor long-term trends and patterns in performance and employ AI / ML models to perform corrective actions via the SMO framework 305 (such as reconfiguration via the O1 interface) or via the creation of RAN management policies (such as A1 interface policies).

[0080] As indicated above, Figure 3 This is provided as an example. Other examples are available with reference to [the relevant information]. Figure 3 The examples described are different.

[0081] Figure 4 This is an illustration of example 400 of beam management based on artificial intelligence and machine learning according to this disclosure. Figure 4 As shown, AI / ML model 410 may be deployed at or on UE 120. For example, a model inference host (such as a model inference host) may be deployed at or on UE 120. AI / ML model 410 enables UE 120 to determine one or more inferences or predictions based on data input to AI / ML model 410.

[0082] For example, as indicated by reference numeral 415, the input to AI / ML model 410 may include measurements associated with a first beam set. For example, network node 110 may transmit one or more signals using a corresponding beam from the first beam set. UE 120 may perform measurements on the first beam set (e.g., L1 RSRP measurements or other measurements) to obtain a first measurement set. For example, each beam from the first beam set may be associated with one or more measurements performed by UE 120. UE 120 may input the first measurement set (e.g., L1 RSRP measurements) along with information associated with the first beam set and / or the second beam set (such as beam orientation (e.g., spatial orientation), beamwidth, beam shape, and / or other characteristics of the corresponding beams from the first beam set and / or the second beam set) into AI / ML model 410.

[0083] As indicated by reference numeral 420 in the attached figure, the AI / ML model 410 may output one or more predictions. These predictions may include predicted measurements associated with the second beam set (e.g., predicted L1 RSRP measurements). This reduces the number of beam measurements performed by the UE 120, thereby converting the power of the UE 120 and / or the network resources that would otherwise be used to measure all beams included in the first and second beam sets. This type of prediction may be referred to as codebook-based spatial domain selection or prediction.

[0084] As another example, the output of AI / ML model 410 may include the point orientation, angle of departure (AoD), and / or angle of arrival (AoA) of the beams included in the second beam set. This type of prediction may be referred to as non-codebook-based spatial domain selection or prediction. As another example, multiple measurement reports or values ​​collected at different time points may be input into AI / ML model 410. This allows AI / ML model 410 to output codebook-based and / or non-codebook-based predictions for beam measurements, AoD, and / or AoA, etc., at future times. As described herein, the output of AI / ML model 410 can facilitate initial access procedures, secondary cell group (SCG) setup procedures, beam refinement procedures (e.g., P2 beam management procedures or P3 beam management procedures), link quality or interference adaptation procedures, beam failure and / or beam blocking prediction, and / or radio link failure prediction, etc.

[0085] In some examples, the first beam set may be referred to as beam set B, and the second beam set may be referred to as beam set A. In some examples, the first beam set (e.g., beam set B) may be a subset of the second beam set (e.g., beam set A). In some other examples, the first beam set and the second beam set may be different beams and / or may be mutually exclusive sets. For example, the first beam set (e.g., beam set B) may include wide beams (e.g., unthinned beams or beams with a beamwidth that satisfies a first threshold), and the second beam set (e.g., beam set A) may include narrow beams (e.g., thinned beams or beams with a beamwidth that satisfies a second threshold). In one example, AI / ML model 410 may perform spatial domain downlink beam prediction for beams included in beam set A based on measurements of beams included in beam set B. As another example, AI / ML model 410 can perform temporal downlink beam prediction for beams included in set A based on historical measurements of beams included in set B.

[0086] In some cases, spatial beam prediction can be used to reduce UE power consumption and measurement latency for a large number of beams (e.g., cross-cell beams). For example, spatial beam prediction can be used to measure the L1 RSRP of a first cross-cell SSB set while predicting the L1 RSRP of a second cross-cell SSB set. In contrast, temporal beam prediction can be used to reduce LTM latency and avoid throughput interruptions (e.g., for inter-DU or non-ideal backhaul scenarios). In one example, temporal beam prediction can be used to measure the current L1 RSRP of an SSB while predicting a narrow-beam L1 RSRP for the LTM target cell relative to a future time timing. In another example, temporal beam prediction can be used to predict triggering conditions in conditional LTM based at least in part on the UE-side temporal beam prediction results.

[0087] As indicated above, Figure 4 This is provided as an example. Other examples are available with reference to [the relevant information]. Figure 4 The examples described are different.

[0088] Figure 5 This is a diagram illustrating example 500 of a lower-layer triggered mobility process according to this disclosure. The lower-layer triggered mobility process may be an L1 and / or L2 triggered mobility process.

[0089] In some examples, network node 110 may instruct UE 120 to change serving cells, such as when UE 120 leaves the coverage area of ​​its current serving cell (sometimes referred to as the source cell) and moves toward the coverage area of ​​a neighboring cell (sometimes referred to as the target cell). In some cases, network node 110 may instruct UE 120 to change cells using a Layer 3 (L3) handover procedure. The L3 handover procedure may include: network node 110 sending an RRC reconfiguration message to UE 120 instructing UE 120 to perform a handover procedure to the target cell. This RRC reconfiguration message may be sent in response to UE 120 providing an L3 measurement report to network node 110, which indicates signal strength measurements associated with various cells (e.g., measurements associated with the source cell and one or more neighboring cells). In response to receiving the RRC reconfiguration message, UE 120 may communicate with the source cell and the target cell to leave the source cell and connect to the target cell (e.g., UE 120 may establish an RRC connection with the target cell). Once the handover is complete, the target cell can communicate with the User Plane Function (UPF) of the core network to instruct the UPF to switch the user plane path of UE 120 from the source cell to the target cell. The target cell can also communicate with the source cell to indicate that the handover is complete and the source cell can be released.

[0090] Because of the multiple RRC reconfiguration messages and / or other L3 signaling and operations used to perform the handover process, the L3 handover process can be associated with high latency and high overhead. Therefore, in some examples, the UE 120 may be configured to perform lower-layer (e.g., L1 and / or L2) handover processes, sometimes referred to as LTM processes, such as... Figure 5 The example 500 LTM process is shown below. Figure 5 As shown, the LTM process can include four phases: LTM preparation phase, early synchronization phase (in... Figure 5 The LTM phase is shown as “early synchronization”, the LTM execution phase, and / or the LTM completion phase.

[0091] During the LTM preparation phase and as shown by reference numeral 505 in the attached figure, UE 120 may be in an RRC connected state with the source cell (sometimes referred to as...). RRC_Connected As shown by reference numeral 510 in the attached figure, UE 120 can send and network node 110 can receive measurement reports (sometimes referred to as...). Measurement Report The measurement report can be an L3 measurement report. This report may indicate signal strength measurements (e.g., RSRP, RSSI, RSRQ, and / or CQI) or similar measurements associated with the source cell and / or one or more neighboring cells. In some examples, based at least in part on the measurement report or other information, network node 110 may decide to use LTM, and therefore, as indicated by reference numeral 515, network node 110 may initiate LTM candidate preparation.

[0092] As shown by reference numeral 520 in the attached figure, network node 110 can send and UE 120 can receive RRC reconfiguration messages (sometimes referred to as...). RRCReconfiguration The RRC reconfiguration message may include LTM candidate configurations. More specifically, the RRC reconfiguration message may indicate the configuration of one or more LTM candidate target cells, which may be candidate cells to become the serving cell of the UE and / or cells that the UE 120 may later trigger to perform an LTM procedure on. As shown by reference numeral 525, the UE 120 may store the configuration of one or more LTM candidate cell configurations and, in response, may send an RRC reconfiguration complete message (sometimes referred to as...) to the network node 110. RRCReconfigurationComplete information).

[0093] During the early synchronization phase, and as indicated by reference numeral 530, UE 120 may optionally perform downlink / uplink synchronization with candidate cells associated with one or more LTM candidate cell configurations. For example, UE 120 may perform downlink synchronization and early timing acquisition with the one or more candidate target cells before receiving an LTM handover command (described in more detail below with reference numeral 555). In some respects, performing early synchronization with the one or more candidate cells can reduce the latency associated with performing the Random Access Channel (RACH) procedure later in the LTM process, which is described in more detail below with reference numeral 555.

[0094] During the LTM execution phase, and as indicated by reference numeral 535, UE 120 may perform L1 measurements on the configured LTM candidate target cells, and thus may send lower-layer (e.g., L1) measurement reports to network node 110. As indicated by reference numeral 540, based at least in part on the lower-layer measurement reports, network node 110 may decide to perform an LTM cell handover to the target cell. Therefore, as indicated by reference numeral 545, network node 110 may send, and UE 120 may receive, a MAC control element (MAC-CE) or similar message that triggers an LTM cell handover (this MAC-CE or similar message is sometimes referred to herein as a cell handover command). The cell handover command may include an indication of a candidate configuration index associated with the target cell. As indicated by reference numeral 550, based at least in part on the receipt of the cell handover command, UE 120 may switch to the configuration of the LTM candidate target cell (e.g., UE 120 may leave the source cell and apply the target cell configuration). Furthermore, as indicated by reference numeral 555, UE 120 may perform a RACH procedure toward a target cell, such as when the timing associated with the target cell is not available in advance (e.g., in an example where UE 120 does not perform an early synchronization as described above in conjunction with reference numeral 530).

[0095] During the LTM completion phase and as indicated by reference numeral 560 in the attached figure, UE 120 may indicate successful completion of the LTM cell handover to the target cell. In this way, the cell handover to the target cell can be performed with less overhead than the L3 handover procedure, and / or the cell handover to the target cell is associated with lower latency compared to the L3 handover procedure.

[0096] As indicated above, Figure 5 This is provided as an example. Other examples are available with reference to [the relevant information]. Figure 5 The examples described are different.

[0097] Figure 6This is a diagram illustrating Example 600 of the beam management process according to this disclosure.

[0098] In some cases, narrow beams can be used to perform communication with the source cell (e.g., the UE's currently active serving cell). The narrow beam may have a TCI state regarding the Channel State Information (CSI) Reference Signal (RS) (CSI-RS), which is at least partially based on a beam narrower than the beam including the SSB. In some cases, the SSB can be used for L1 measurements in LTM, for example, because measuring the narrower beam associated with CSI-RS transmissions may consume significant UE power. When the UE is handed over to the target cell (e.g., the target LTM candidate cell), the initial transmission may rely on previously measured SSBs. After the initial transmission, network nodes (e.g., network nodes included in the target cell) may activate L1 reports associated with the narrower beam, at least partially based on the CSI-RS used for process 2 (P2) beam refinement, for example, to improve throughput. Although cell handover latency can be reduced via LTM, throughput interruptions may still occur due to wide-to-narrow beam refinement.

[0099] In some cases, when a UE receives an LTM cell handover command associated with a handover to a target cell (e.g., an LTM cell handover MAC-CE command), spatial domain beam prediction, temporal domain beam prediction, or a combination of spatial and temporal domain beam prediction can be triggered to enable the UE to predict the quality of narrow beams in the target cell, at least in part, based on measurements of the SSB. In some cases, directly measuring a narrow beam based on transmissions performed using a narrower beam may be inefficient, for example, because there may be a delay before the UE can handover to the target cell. Additionally, measuring such a narrow beam during this period (e.g., before the cell handover is complete) may result in longer delays and / or potentially additional UE power consumption. Such beam prediction allows the UE to quickly identify potential narrow beams to be used for transmissions within the target cell, even if the delay or power required for this identification is limited.

[0100] In some cases, as indicated by reference numeral 605, the UE may receive an LTM cell handover command from the source cell instructing it to hand over to a target LTM candidate cell. The LTM cell handover command may (implicitly or explicitly) include a network node request to predict, at least in part, channel characteristics (such as L1 RSRP, L1 SINR, the number of top-ranked L1 RSRP resources, or the number of top-ranked RSRP resources) of the set of channel prediction resources (CPR) associated with the LTM candidate cell to which the UE is to hand over, based on measurements of another set of channel measurement resources (CMR) (including SSB and / or CSI-RS). The number of top-ranked L1 RSRP resources and / or the number of top-ranked L1 SINR resources may be identified at least in part based on the strength of the L1 RSRP and / or L1 SINR. In some cases, the network node request may instruct the UE whether and / or how to report the predicted channel characteristics back to the network node.

[0101] Cell handover commands can trigger SD, TD, or SD and TD beam prediction for the target cell. In some cases, as indicated by reference numeral 610, the UE can obtain (e.g., generate) beam prediction results based at least in part on performing SD, TD, or SD and TD beam prediction for the target cell. Pure spatial beam prediction may include channel characteristics to be predicted for CPR and may be associated with the same TD timing used by the UE to measure CMR. Spatial and temporal beam prediction may include channel characteristics to be predicted for CPR and may be associated with one or more future TD timings compared to the TD timing used by the UE to measure CMR. Pure temporal beam prediction may correspond to beam prediction that occurs when CPR and CMR are the same.

[0102] In some cases, as indicated by reference numeral 615, the UE can send (e.g., feedback) prediction results to the network node. For example, the network node can use the prediction results for early setup of high-performance narrow beams. In a first example, the UE can provide feedback on the prediction results via MAC-CE. MAC-CE can be sent via one or more source cells other than the target LTM candidate cell to which the UE is to be handed over according to the LTM cell handover command. Additionally or alternatively, once the UE has available uplink permission in the target LTM candidate cell (e.g., depending on the specific implementation of the network node), MAC-CE can be sent via one or more target LTM candidate cells. This example is applicable to single-feedback scenarios and is suitable for identifying the initial TCI state when the UE first hands over to the target LTM candidate cell, where MAC-CE provides better reliability. In a second example, the UE can provide feedback on the prediction results according to the RRC configuration and via CSI reporting. The UE can be configured using CSI reporting settings associated with CPR and CMR, where the report quantity indicator ( reportQuantity The RRC configuration may be at least based on the channel characteristics for CPR prediction. It may be at least partially based on a configuration of a single CSI report for all target LTM candidate cells among a plurality of target LTM candidate cells, where different target LTM candidate cells are associated with different CPRs and CMRs. The UE may adaptively identify the appropriate CSI payload based on the target LTM candidate cell indicated by the LTM cell handover MAC-CE command. Alternatively, the RRC configuration may be at least partially based on the corresponding CSI report for each target LTM candidate cell among a plurality of target LTM candidate cells. The UE may identify the appropriate CSI report to feed back to the network node based on the specific target LTM candidate cell indicated by the LTM cell handover MAC-CE command. In some cases, the CSI report may be sent via one or more serving cells outside the target LTM candidate cell to be handed over to, or via one or more target LTM candidate cells among the target LTM candidate cells, as described above. This example is applicable to multiple feedback scenarios and is suitable for allowing network nodes to better track changes in TCI status, where the reliability of the CSI report is lower than that of the MAC-CE.

[0103] As indicated above, Figure 6 This is provided as an example. Other examples are available with reference to [the relevant information]. Figure 6 The examples described are different.

[0104] Figure 7 This is a diagram illustrating example 700 of UE mobility beam prediction according to this disclosure. UE 120 may communicate with network node 110. In some aspects, network node 110 may be associated with a source cell that acts as the currently active serving cell of UE 120.

[0105] In some aspects, UE 120 may be configured using one or more mobility configurations. Each mobility configuration may indicate one or more candidate target cells that can be handed over from the source cell via a cell handover command. In some examples, the one or more mobility configurations may be one or more LTM configurations, and each LTM configuration may indicate one or more target cells that can be handed over from the source cell via an LTM cell handover command. The LTM cell handover command may be an LTM cell handover MAC-CE command.

[0106] As shown by reference numeral 705 in the accompanying drawings, network node 110 can transmit, and UE 120 can receive, network assistance information associated with at least one of spatial beam prediction or temporal beam prediction. Spatial beam prediction or temporal beam prediction can be associated with mobility from a source cell to a target cell among multiple candidate target cells. For example, spatial beam prediction or temporal beam prediction can be associated with an LTM procedure. Network assistance information can indicate at least one of a backhaul delay characteristic or a target L1 RSRP value (as described in more detail below). Spatial beam prediction and temporal beam prediction can be associated with at least one of L1 RSRP, L1 SINR, the number of top-ranked L1 RSRP resources, or the number of top-ranked SINR resources. L1 RSRP, L1 SINR, the number of top-ranked RSRP resources, and the number of top-ranked SINR resources can be based at least in part on one or more SSBs associated with multiple candidate target cells or one or more virtual resources associated with multiple candidate target cells. In some aspects, the UE can use network assistance information to determine whether and / or how the UE 120 performs spatial beam prediction or temporal beam prediction.

[0107] In some aspects, network assistance information can indicate the distribution of backhaul delay between the source cell and one or more candidate target cells. This distribution can be, for example, an average distribution of backhaul delay or a standard distribution of backhaul delay. This can assist UE 120 in determining whether to activate time beam prediction. In some examples, the delay can be based at least in part on the one-way delay from the source cell to the target cell. In some other examples, the delay can be based at least in part on the round-trip delay between the source cell and the target cell. UE 120 can determine whether to use the one-way delay or the round-trip delay based at least in part on UE configuration and / or at least in part on information included in the network assistance information.

[0108] In some aspects, network-aided information can indicate the target L1 RSRP level (e.g., the desired L1 RSRP level). In other aspects, the target L1 RSRP level can be indicated based on the highest L1 RSRP among multiple L1 RSRPs measured from the SSB for multiple candidate target cells. This can assist UE 120 in determining whether to activate spatial beam prediction or whether to activate both spatial and temporal beam prediction. In one example, the UE may have measured the L1 RSRP for multiple candidate target cells and may have reported the measurements back to network node 110. However, such measured L1 RSRP levels may lead to throughput performance degradation compared to the source cell (e.g., where data is transmitted according to a narrow beam). In this case, network node 110 can signal the target L1 RSRP level to UE 120, which can help UE 120 determine whether it should perform spatial and / or temporal beam prediction to avoid throughput interruption. In some respects, the target L1 RSRP level may be based at least in part on an indication of the SSB identifier associated with the highest L1 RSRP measurement among a plurality of L1 RSRP measurements, and / or may be based at least in part on an indication of the target spectral efficiency (SE) value.

[0109] In some aspects, network node 110 may transmit network assistance information via broadcast messages within the source cell. In this example, the network assistance information may be associated with system information related to the source cell. In other aspects, network node 110 may transmit multicast messages including network assistance information to multiple UEs within the source cell. In this example, the network assistance information may be associated with Physical Downlink Shared Channel (PDSCH) communication scheduled by UE Group Common Downlink Granted Downlink Control Information (DCI). In other aspects, network node 110 may transmit unicast messages including network assistance information to UE 120. In this example, the network assistance information may be associated with UE-specific or cell-specific RRC configurations of the associated source cell.

[0110] In some aspects, network assistance information may be indicated by mobility configuration information (e.g., LTM configuration information) about one or more target cells among a plurality of candidate target cells. Additionally or alternatively, network assistance information may be indicated by UE-specific or cell-specific RRC configuration information associated with the source cell. In some aspects, network assistance information may be signaled via RRC messages or MAC-CE before the UE receives a cell handover command (e.g., an LTM cell handover MAC-CE command). In some other aspects, network assistance information may be included in the cell handover command (e.g., an LTM cell handover MAC-CE command).

[0111] In some aspects, network node 110 can send network assistance information without receiving a request for network assistance information from UE 120. For example, network node 110 can determine whether to send network assistance information to certain UEs if a UE request for network assistance information is not expected. In other aspects, network node 110 can send network assistance information based on requests for network assistance information from one or more UEs. For example, network assistance information can be signaled at least in part based on UE requests for network assistance information, wherein the UE request for network assistance information is included in MAC-CE, system requests, or uplink control information (e.g., before or after the UE receives an LTM cell handover command).

[0112] As shown by reference numeral 710 in the attached figure, UE 120 may identify whether to perform spatial beam prediction or temporal beam prediction based on network assistance information. In some aspects, identifying whether to perform spatial beam prediction or temporal beam prediction may include determining or identifying whether to perform spatial beam prediction, temporal beam prediction, or both spatial beam prediction and temporal beam prediction based on network assistance information.

[0113] In some aspects, network node 110 may trigger spatial beam prediction and / or temporal beam prediction based at least in part on a first number of SSBs or virtual resources associated with a plurality of candidate target cells. For example, the trigger may be included in a cell handover command. In this example, spatial beam prediction and / or temporal beam prediction may be based at least in part on a second number of SSBs (or CSI-RS) associated with the source cell and the plurality of candidate target cells. In some other aspects, network node 110 may trigger spatial beam prediction and / or temporal beam prediction with respect to a specific number of SSBs or virtual resources associated with certain target cells among the plurality of candidate target cells before UE 120 receives a cell handover command.

[0114] In some aspects, for example, if UE 120 is to report prediction results to the source cell via MAC-CE and / or to multiple candidate target cells via Physical Uplink Shared Channel (PUSCH) communication via Message A or Message 3, UE 120 may perform spatial beamforming and / or temporal beamforming based on UE-specific implementation and / or based on network assistance information, and / or may report results associated with spatial beamforming and / or temporal beamforming. In some other aspects, for example, if UE 120 is to report prediction results via CSI reporting activated or triggered by a cell handover command or by a regular signal (e.g., MAC-CE or DCI), the corresponding CSI payload may include a reserved code point indicating that UE 120 has not performed spatial beamforming or temporal beamforming. UE 120 may determine whether to send the reserved code point based on network assistance information. In some other respects, for example, if UE 120 determines to perform spatial beam prediction and / or temporal beam prediction, UE 120 may (autonomously) determine the last measurement timing associated with a second number of SSBs (or CSI-RS) associated with the source cell or multiple candidate target cells, and / or may determine one or more future timings for performing temporal beam prediction based on network-assisted information.

[0115] As shown by reference numeral 715 in the attached figure, UE 120 can perform spatial beam prediction or temporal beam prediction based on network assistance information. For example, UE 120 can perform spatial beam prediction, temporal beam prediction, or both spatial and temporal beam prediction based on network assistance information and one or more conditions. Alternatively, UE 120 can suppress the execution of spatial beam prediction, temporal beam prediction, or both spatial and temporal beam prediction based on network assistance information and one or more conditions.

[0116] As shown by reference numeral 720 in the accompanying drawings, UE 120 can transmit and network node 110 can receive beam prediction results. As described herein, beam prediction results may include, for example, spatial beam prediction results performed based on network assistance information, temporal beam prediction results, or both spatial and temporal beam prediction results.

[0117] As indicated above, Figure 7 This is provided as an example. Other examples are available with reference to [the relevant information]. Figure 7 The examples described are different.

[0118] Figure 8 This is a diagram illustrating example 800 of spatial beam prediction and temporal beam prediction according to this disclosure. (As described above in conjunction with...) Figure 7As described by reference numeral 705, the UE can receive network assistance information from a network node, which instructs the UE to perform at least one of spatial beam prediction or temporal beam prediction.

[0119] As shown in Figure 805, the UE may determine to perform SD and / or TD beam prediction based on a large recent backhaul delay distribution between the source and target cells and on the UE having sufficient computational and thermal budget. Alternatively, the UE may determine to perform SD and / or TD beam prediction based on a large difference between the target L1 RSRP or SE and the L1 RSRP or SE associated with the most recent SSB measured from the target cell, and on the UE having sufficient computational and thermal budget. Alternatively, the UE may determine to perform SD and / or TD beam prediction based on a large recent backhaul delay distribution between the source and target cells and on the UE's requirement for seamless handover for urgent and high uplink throughput. Alternatively, the UE may determine to perform SD and / or TD beam prediction based on a large difference between the target L1 RSRP or SE and the L1 RSRP or SE associated with the most recent SSB measured from the target cell, and on the UE's requirement for seamless handover for urgent and high uplink throughput.

[0120] As shown by reference numeral 810 in the attached figure, the UE may determine whether to perform SD or TD beam prediction based on the UE having limited computational and thermal budgets (e.g., regardless of whether the recent backhaul delay distribution between the source and target cells is small or large, and regardless of whether the difference between the target L1 RSRP or SE and the L1 RSRP or SE associated with the most recent SSB measured from the target cell is high or low). Additionally or alternatively, the UE may determine whether to perform SD or TD beam prediction based on the UE not requiring seamless handover for urgent and high uplink throughput (e.g., regardless of whether the recent backhaul delay distribution between the source and target cells is small or large, and regardless of whether the difference between the target L1 RSRP or SE and the L1 RSRP or SE associated with the most recent SSB measured from the target cell is high or low).

[0121] As indicated above, Figure 8 This is provided as an example. Other examples are available with reference to [the relevant information]. Figure 8 The examples described are different.

[0122] Figure 9 This is a diagram illustrating an example process 900 performed, for example, at a UE or a device of a UE, according to this disclosure. Example process 900 is an example in which a device or UE (e.g., UE 120) performs operations associated with techniques for user equipment mobility beam prediction.

[0123] like Figure 9As shown, in some aspects, process 900 may include receiving network-aided information regarding at least one of spatial beam prediction or temporal beam prediction, which is associated with mobility from a source cell to a target cell among a plurality of candidate target cells, and the network-aided information indicating at least one of a backhaul delay characteristic or a target L1 RSRP value (box 910). For example, a UE (e.g., using...) Figure 11 The receiving component 1102 and / or communication manager 1106 described herein can receive network assistance information regarding at least one of spatial beam prediction or temporal beam prediction, which is associated with mobility from the source cell to a target cell among a plurality of candidate target cells. The network assistance information indicates at least one of backhaul delay characteristics or target L1 RSRP values, as described above.

[0124] like Figure 9 As further shown, in some aspects, process 900 may include identifying whether to perform spatial beam prediction or temporal beam prediction based on network-aided information (box 920). For example, the UE (e.g., using...) Figure 11 The communication manager 1106 described above can perform spatial beam prediction or temporal beam prediction based on network-aided information.

[0125] Process 900 may include additional aspects, such as any single aspect or any combination of aspects described below and / or in conjunction with one or more other processes described elsewhere in this document.

[0126] In the first aspect, process 900 includes performing spatial beam prediction or temporal beam prediction based on the satisfaction of one or more conditions indicated in the network-aided information.

[0127] In a second aspect, either alone or in combination with the first aspect, process 900 includes suppressing the execution of spatial beam prediction or temporal beam prediction based on one or more conditions indicated in the network auxiliary information not being met.

[0128] In the third aspect, either alone or in combination with one or more of the first and second aspects, spatial beam prediction and temporal beam prediction are associated with at least one of L1 RSRP, L1 SINR, the number of top-ranked L1 RSRP resources, or the number of top-ranked SINR resources, wherein L1 RSRP, L1 SINR, the number of top-ranked RSRP resources, and the number of top-ranked SINR resources are based at least in part on one or more SSBs associated with multiple candidate target cells or one or more virtual resources associated with multiple candidate target cells.

[0129] In the fourth aspect, mobility from the source cell to the target cell among multiple candidate target cells, either alone or in combination with one or more of the first to third aspects, is lower-layer triggered mobility.

[0130] In the fifth aspect, either alone or in combination with one or more of the first to fourth aspects, process 900 includes obtaining one or more mobility configurations, each of the one or more mobility configurations indicating at least one target cell among a plurality of candidate target cells that can be switched from the source cell using a cell handover command.

[0131] In the sixth aspect, either alone or in combination with one or more of the first to fifth aspects, network auxiliary information indicates the distribution of backhaul delay between the source cell and the target cell.

[0132] In the seventh aspect, either alone or in combination with one or more of the first to sixth aspects, the distribution of backhaul delay between source cells is at least one of the mean of backhaul delay or the standard deviation of backhaul delay.

[0133] In the eighth aspect, either alone or in combination with one or more of the first to seventh aspects, the backhaul delay is based at least in part on the one-way delay from the source cell to the target cell.

[0134] In the ninth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first to eighth aspects, the backhaul delay is based at least in part on the round-trip delay between the source cell and the target cell.

[0135] In the tenth aspect, either alone or in combination with one or more of the first to ninth aspects, the distribution of the backhaul delay is based at least in part on the duration prior to receiving network assistance information, wherein the length of the duration, the start point of the duration, or the end point of the duration is configured in the UE or received via network assistance information.

[0136] In the eleventh aspect, either alone or in combination with one or more of the first to tenth aspects, network auxiliary information indicates the target L1 RSRP value.

[0137] In the twelfth aspect, the target L1RSRP value is indicated, either alone or in combination with one or more of the first to eleventh aspects, based on the highest L1 RSRP measurement among multiple L1 RSRP measurements associated with multiple synchronization signal block resources.

[0138] In the thirteenth aspect, either alone or in combination with one or more of the first to twelfth aspects, the target L1 RSRP value is based at least in part on an indication of a synchronization block identifier associated with the highest L1 RSRP measurement among a plurality of L1 RSRP measurements associated with and multiple synchronization block resources, or at least in part on a target spectral efficiency value.

[0139] In the fourteenth aspect, receiving network assistance information, either alone or in combination with one or more of the first to thirteenth aspects, includes receiving network assistance information from the source cell via a broadcast message.

[0140] In the fifteenth aspect, receiving network assistance information, either alone or in combination with one or more of the first to fourteenth aspects, includes receiving network assistance information from the source cell via multicast messages.

[0141] In the sixteenth aspect, receiving network assistance information, either alone or in combination with one or more of the first to fifteenth aspects, includes receiving network assistance information from the source cell via unicast messages.

[0142] In the seventeenth aspect, receiving network assistance information, either alone or in combination with one or more of the first to sixteenth aspects, includes receiving a radio resource control message or a media access control message that includes network assistance information before receiving a cell handover command instructing a handover from a source cell to a target cell.

[0143] In the eighteenth aspect, receiving network assistance information, either alone or in combination with one or more of the first to seventeenth aspects, includes receiving a cell handover command that indicates a handover from a source cell to a target cell and includes an indication of network assistance information.

[0144] In the nineteenth aspect, receiving network assistance information, either alone or in combination with one or more of the first to eighteenth aspects, includes receiving network assistance information without sending a request for it.

[0145] In the twentieth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first to nineteenth aspects, process 900 includes sending a request for network assistance information, wherein receiving network assistance information includes receiving network assistance information in accordance with the request for network assistance information.

[0146] In the twenty-first aspect, either alone or in combination with one or more of the first to twentieth aspects, process 900 includes receiving a cell handover command that instructs the UE to perform spatial beam prediction or temporal beam prediction at least in part based on a first number of synchronization signal block resources associated with a plurality of candidate target cells or a first number of virtual resources associated with a plurality of candidate target cells. Additionally, process 900 includes performing spatial beam prediction or temporal beam prediction at least in part based on a second number of synchronization signal block resources associated with a plurality of candidate target cells or a second number of virtual resources associated with a plurality of candidate target cells.

[0147] In the twenty-second aspect, either alone or in combination with one or more of the first to twenty-first aspects, process 900 includes receiving, prior to receiving a cell handover command, an instruction to perform spatial beam prediction or temporal beam prediction based at least in part on the number of synchronization signal block resources associated with a plurality of candidate target cells or the number of virtual resources associated with a plurality of candidate target cells.

[0148] In the twenty-third aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first to twenty-second aspects, process 900 includes identifying, based on network auxiliary information, whether to send a medium access control message including an indication of spatial beam prediction or temporal beam prediction, message 3 physical uplink shared channel communication, or message A physical uplink shared channel communication.

[0149] In the twenty-fourth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first to twenty-third aspects, process 900 includes identifying, based on network auxiliary information, whether to transmit a channel state information payload including one or more code points indicating that the UE has not performed spatial beam prediction or temporal beam prediction.

[0150] In the twenty-fifth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first to twenty-fourth aspects, process 900 includes identifying at least one of a plurality of measurement opportunities, based at least in part on the number of synchronization signal block resources, or a timing opportunity for performing the next time beam prediction, based on network-assisted information and based on performing spatial beam prediction or temporal beam prediction.

[0151] although Figure 9 An example box of process 900 is shown, but in some respects, process 900 may include... Figure 9 The boxes depicted in the diagram may be fewer, different, or arranged differently than additional boxes. Alternatively, two or more boxes in the process 900 may be executed in parallel.

[0152] Figure 10This is a diagram illustrating an example process 1000 performed, for example, at a network node or a device of a network node, according to the present disclosure. Example process 1000 is an example in which a device or network node (e.g., network node 110) performs operations associated with techniques for user equipment mobility beam prediction.

[0153] like Figure 10 As shown, in some aspects, process 1000 may include generating network-aided information regarding at least one of spatial beam prediction or temporal beam prediction, which is associated with the mobility of the UE from a source cell to a target cell among a plurality of candidate target cells, and the network-aided information indicating at least one of backhaul delay characteristics or a target L1 RSRP value (box 1010). For example, network nodes (e.g., using...) Figure 12 The communication manager 1206 described herein can generate network assistance information about at least one of spatial beam prediction or temporal beam prediction, which is associated with the mobility of the UE from the source cell to the target cell among a plurality of candidate target cells. The network assistance information indicates at least one of backhaul delay characteristics or target L1 RSRP value, as described above.

[0154] like Figure 10 As further shown, in some aspects, process 1000 may include sending network auxiliary information (box 1020). For example, network nodes (e.g., using...) Figure 12 The transmitting component 1204 and / or communication manager 1206 described herein can transmit network auxiliary information as described above.

[0155] Process 1000 may include additional aspects, such as any single aspect or any combination of aspects described below and / or in conjunction with one or more other processes described elsewhere in this document.

[0156] In the first aspect, spatial beam prediction and temporal beam prediction are associated with at least one of L1 RSRP, L1 SINR, the number of top-ranked L1 RSRP resources, or the number of top-ranked SINR resources, wherein L1 RSRP, L1 SINR, the number of top-ranked RSRP resources, and the number of top-ranked SINR resources are based at least in part on one or more SSBs associated with multiple candidate target cells or one or more virtual resources associated with multiple candidate target cells.

[0157] In the second aspect, either alone or in combination with the first aspect, mobility from the source cell to the target cell among multiple candidate target cells is lower-layer triggered mobility.

[0158] In a third aspect, either alone or in combination with one or more of the first and second aspects, process 1000 includes sending one or more mobility configurations, each of which indicates at least one target cell among a plurality of candidate target cells that can be switched from the source cell using a cell handover command.

[0159] In the fourth aspect, either alone or in combination with one or more of the first to third aspects, network auxiliary information indicates the distribution of backhaul delay between the source cell and the target cell.

[0160] In the fifth aspect, either alone or in combination with one or more of the first to fourth aspects, the distribution of backhaul delay between source cells is at least one of the mean of backhaul delay or the standard deviation of backhaul delay.

[0161] In the sixth aspect, either alone or in combination with one or more of the first to fifth aspects, the backhaul delay is based at least in part on the one-way delay from the source cell to the target cell.

[0162] In the seventh aspect, either alone or in combination with one or more of the first to sixth aspects, the backhaul delay is based at least in part on the round-trip delay between the source cell and the target cell.

[0163] In the eighth aspect, either alone or in combination with one or more of the first to seventh aspects, the distribution of the return delay is based at least in part on the duration prior to the transmission of network auxiliary information, wherein the length of the duration, the start point of the duration, or the end point of the duration is configured or transmitted via the network auxiliary information.

[0164] In the ninth aspect, either alone or in combination with one or more of the first to eighth aspects, network auxiliary information indicates the target L1 RSRP value.

[0165] In the tenth aspect, the target L1 RSRP value is indicated, either alone or in combination with one or more of the first to ninth aspects, based on the highest L1 RSRP measurement among multiple L1 RSRP measurements associated with multiple synchronization signal block resources.

[0166] In the eleventh aspect, either alone or in combination with one or more of the first to tenth aspects, the target L1RSRP value is based at least in part on an indication of a synchronization block identifier associated with the highest L1RSRP measurement among a plurality of L1 RSRP measurements associated with and multiple synchronization block resources, or at least in part on a target spectral efficiency value.

[0167] In the twelfth aspect, transmitting network assistance information, either alone or in combination with one or more of the first to eleventh aspects, includes transmitting a broadcast message that includes network assistance information within the source cell.

[0168] In the thirteenth aspect, transmitting network assistance information, either alone or in combination with one or more of the first to twelfth aspects, includes transmitting multicast messages containing network assistance information to multiple UEs within the source cell.

[0169] In the fourteenth aspect, sending network-assisted information, either alone or in combination with one or more of the first to thirteenth aspects, includes sending unicast messages that include network-assisted information.

[0170] In the fifteenth aspect, either alone or in combination with one or more of the first to fourteenth aspects, transmitting network assistance information includes transmitting a radio resource control message or a media access control message that includes network assistance information before transmitting a cell handover command instructing a handover from the source cell to the target cell.

[0171] In the sixteenth aspect, transmitting network assistance information, either alone or in combination with one or more of the first to fifteenth aspects, includes transmitting a cell handover command that indicates a handover from a source cell to a target cell and includes an indication of network assistance information.

[0172] In the seventeenth aspect, sending network assistance information, either alone or in combination with one or more of the first to sixteenth aspects, includes sending network assistance information without receiving a request for it.

[0173] In the eighteenth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first to seventeenth aspects, process 1000 includes receiving a request for network assistance information, wherein sending network assistance information includes sending network assistance information in accordance with the request for network assistance information.

[0174] In the nineteenth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first to eighteenth aspects, process 1000 includes sending a cell handover command that instructs the UE to perform spatial beam prediction or temporal beam prediction at least in part based on a first number of synchronization block resources associated with a plurality of candidate target cells or a first number of virtual resources associated with a plurality of candidate target cells, wherein the first number of synchronization block resources is different from a second number of synchronization block resources to be used by the UE to perform spatial beam prediction or temporal beam prediction, and the first number of virtual resources is different from the second number of virtual resources to be used by the UE to perform spatial beam prediction or temporal beam prediction.

[0175] In the twentieth aspect, either alone or in combination with one or more of the first to nineteenth aspects, process 1000 includes sending an instruction to perform spatial beam prediction or temporal beam prediction, at least in part based on the number of synchronization signal block resources associated with a plurality of candidate target cells or the number of virtual resources associated with a plurality of candidate target cells, before sending a cell handover command.

[0176] although Figure 10 An example box of process 1000 is shown, but in some respects, process 1000 may include... Figure 10 The boxes depicted in the diagram are compared to additional boxes, fewer boxes, different boxes, or boxes arranged in a different manner. Additionally or alternatively, two or more boxes in the process 1000 may be executed in parallel.

[0177] Figure 11 This is a diagram of an example device 1100 for wireless communication according to the present disclosure. Device 1100 may be a UE, or a UE may include device 1100. In some aspects, device 1100 includes a receiving component 1102, a transmitting component 1104, and / or a communication manager 1106 that can communicate with each other (e.g., via one or more buses and / or one or more other components). In some aspects, the communication manager 1106 is combined with... Figure 1 The described communication manager 140. As shown, device 1100 can communicate with another device 1108 (such as a UE or a network node (such as a CU, DU, RU or base station)) using receiving component 1102 and transmitting component 1104.

[0178] In some respects, device 1100 can be configured to perform the functions described herein. Figures 7 to 8 The described one or more operations. Additionally or alternatively, the apparatus 1100 may be configured to perform one or more processes described herein, such as Figure 9 The process is 900. In some respects, Figure 11 The illustrated device 1100 and / or one or more components may include a combination Figure 2 One or more components of the described UE. Additionally or alternatively, Figure 11 One or more components shown can be combined Figure 2 Implemented within one or more of the described components. Additionally or alternatively, one or more of the components in the group may be implemented at least partially as software stored in one or more memories. For example, a component (or a portion thereof) may be implemented as instructions or code stored in a non-transitory computer-readable medium and executable by one or more controllers or one or more processors to perform the function or operation of the component.

[0179] Receiver 1102 may receive communications from device 1108, such as reference signals, control information, data communications, or combinations thereof. Receiver 1102 may provide the received communications to one or more other components of device 1100. In some aspects, receiver 1102 may perform signal processing on the received communications (such as filtering, amplification, demodulation, analog-to-digital conversion, demultiplexing, deinterleaving, demapping, equalization, interference cancellation, or decoding, etc.) and may provide the processed signals to one or more other components of device 1100. In some aspects, receiver 1102 may include combinations of... Figure 2 The described UE includes one or more antennas, one or more modems, one or more demodulators, one or more MIMO detectors, one or more receiver processors, one or more controllers / processors, one or more memories, or combinations thereof.

[0180] Transmitting component 1104 may transmit communications, such as reference signals, control information, data communications, or combinations thereof, to device 1108. In some aspects, one or more other components of device 1100 may generate communications and provide the generated communications to transmitting component 1104 for transmission to device 1108. In some aspects, transmitting component 1104 may perform signal processing (such as filtering, amplification, modulation, digital-to-analog conversion, multiplexing, interleaving, mapping, or encoding, etc.) on the generated communications and may transmit the processed signals to device 1108. In some aspects, transmitting component 1104 may include combinations of... Figure 2 The described UE may include one or more antennas, one or more modems, one or more modulators, one or more transmit MIMO processors, one or more transmit processors, one or more controllers / processors, one or more memories, or combinations thereof. In some aspects, the transmit component 1104 may co-located with the receive component 1102 in one or more transceivers.

[0181] The communication manager 1106 may support the operation of the receiving component 1102 and / or the transmitting component 1104. For example, the communication manager 1106 may receive information associated with configuring the reception of communications by the receiving component 1102 and / or the transmission of communications by the transmitting component 1104. Additionally or alternatively, the communication manager 1106 may generate control information and / or provide control information to the receiving component 1102 and / or the transmitting component 1104 to control the reception and / or transmission of communications.

[0182] The receiving component 1102 can receive network assistance information regarding at least one of spatial beam prediction or temporal beam prediction, which is associated with mobility from a source cell to a target cell among a plurality of candidate target cells. The network assistance information indicates at least one of a backhaul delay characteristic or a target L1 RSRP value. The communication manager 1106 can perform spatial beam prediction or temporal beam prediction based on the network assistance information. The receiving component 1102 can obtain one or more mobility configurations, each indicating at least one target cell among the plurality of candidate target cells that can be switched from the source cell using a cell handover command. The transmitting component 1104 can send a request for network assistance information, wherein receiving network assistance information includes receiving network assistance information according to a request for network assistance information. The receiving component 1102 can receive a cell handover command instructing the UE to perform spatial beam prediction or temporal beam prediction at least in part based on a first number of synchronization signal block resources associated with the plurality of candidate target cells or a first number of virtual resources associated with the plurality of candidate target cells. The receiving component 1102 can receive an indication, at least in part, to perform spatial beam prediction or temporal beam prediction based on the number of synchronization block resources associated with multiple candidate target cells or the number of virtual resources associated with multiple candidate target cells before receiving a cell handover command. The communication manager 1106 can identify, based on network assistance information, whether to send a medium access control message including an indication of spatial beam prediction or temporal beam prediction, message 3 (physical uplink shared channel communication), or message A (physical uplink shared channel communication). The communication manager 1106 can identify, based on network assistance information, whether to send a channel state information payload including one or more code points indicating that the UE has not performed spatial beam prediction or temporal beam prediction. The communication manager 1106 can identify, based on network assistance information and based on the performance of spatial beam prediction or temporal beam prediction, at least one of a plurality of measurement opportunities, either the most recent measurement opportunity or a timing opportunity for performing the next temporal beam prediction.

[0183] Figure 11 The number and arrangement of components shown are provided as an example. In reality, they can exist in... Figure 11 The components shown are compared to additional components, fewer components, different components, or components arranged in a different manner. Furthermore, Figure 11 The two or more components shown can be implemented within a single component, or Figure 11 The single component shown can be implemented as multiple distributed components. Additionally or alternatively, Figure 11 The component collection (one or more components) shown can be executed as described by Figure 11The other set of components shown performs one or more functions.

[0184] Figure 12 This is a diagram of an example device 1200 for wireless communication according to the present disclosure. Device 1200 may be a network node, or a network node may include device 1200. In some aspects, device 1200 includes a receiving component 1202, a transmitting component 1204, and / or a communication manager 1206 that can communicate with each other (e.g., via one or more buses and / or one or more other components). In some aspects, communication manager 1206 is combined with... Figure 1 The described communication manager 150. As shown, device 1200 can communicate with another device 1208 (such as a UE or a network node (such as a CU, DU, RU or base station)) using receiving component 1202 and transmitting component 1204.

[0185] In some respects, device 1200 can be configured to perform the functions described herein. Figures 7 to 8 The described one or more operations. Additionally or alternatively, the apparatus 1200 may be configured to perform one or more processes described herein, such as Figure 10 The process is 1000. In some respects, Figure 12 The illustrated device 1200 and / or one or more components may include a combination Figure 2 One or more components of the described network node. Additionally or alternatively, Figure 12 One or more components shown can be combined Figure 2 Implemented within one or more of the described components. Additionally or alternatively, one or more of the components in the group may be implemented at least partially as software stored in one or more memories. For example, a component (or a portion thereof) may be implemented as instructions or code stored in a non-transitory computer-readable medium and executable by one or more controllers or one or more processors to perform the function or operation of the component.

[0186] Receiver 1202 may receive communications from device 1208, such as reference signals, control information, data communications, or combinations thereof. Receiver 1202 may provide the received communications to one or more other components of device 1200. In some aspects, receiver 1202 may perform signal processing on the received communications (such as filtering, amplification, demodulation, analog-to-digital conversion, demultiplexing, deinterleaving, demapping, equalization, interference cancellation, or decoding, etc.) and may provide the processed signals to one or more other components of device 1200. In some aspects, receiver 1202 may include combinations of... Figure 2The described network node may include one or more antennas, one or more modems, one or more demodulators, one or more MIMO detectors, one or more receiver processors, one or more controllers / processors, one or more memories, or combinations thereof. In some aspects, receiver component 1202 and / or transmitter component 1204 may include or be included in a network interface. The network interface may be configured to acquire and / or output signals for device 1200 via one or more communication links, such as backhaul links, midhaul links, and / or fronthaul links.

[0187] Transmitting component 1204 may transmit communications, such as reference signals, control information, data communications, or combinations thereof, to device 1208. In some aspects, one or more other components of device 1200 may generate communications and provide the generated communications to transmitting component 1204 for transmission to device 1208. In some aspects, transmitting component 1204 may perform signal processing (such as filtering, amplification, modulation, digital-to-analog conversion, multiplexing, interleaving, mapping, or encoding, etc.) on the generated communications and may transmit the processed signals to device 1208. In some aspects, transmitting component 1204 may include combinations of... Figure 2 The described network node includes one or more antennas, one or more modems, one or more modulators, one or more transmit MIMO processors, one or more transmit processors, one or more controllers / processors, one or more memories, or combinations thereof. In some aspects, the transmit component 1204 may co-located with the receive component 1202 in one or more transceivers.

[0188] The communication manager 1206 may support the operation of the receiving component 1202 and / or the transmitting component 1204. For example, the communication manager 1206 may receive information associated with configuring the reception of communications by the receiving component 1202 and / or the transmission of communications by the transmitting component 1204. Additionally or alternatively, the communication manager 1206 may generate control information and / or provide control information to the receiving component 1202 and / or the transmitting component 1204 to control the reception and / or transmission of communications.

[0189] The communication manager 1206 can generate network assistance information regarding at least one of spatial beam prediction or temporal beam prediction, which is associated with the UE's mobility from the source cell to a target cell among a plurality of candidate target cells. The network assistance information indicates at least one of a backhaul delay characteristic or a target L1 RSRP value. The transmitting component 1204 can transmit the network assistance information. The transmitting component 1204 can transmit one or more mobility configurations, each indicating at least one target cell among the plurality of candidate target cells that can be switched from the source cell using a cell handover command. The receiving component 1202 can receive a request for network assistance information, wherein transmitting the network assistance information includes transmitting the network assistance information according to the request. The transmitting component 1204 can transmit a cell handover command instructing the UE to perform spatial beam prediction or temporal beam prediction at least in part based on a first number of synchronization signal block resources associated with a plurality of candidate target cells or a first number of virtual resources associated with a plurality of candidate target cells, wherein the first number of synchronization signal block resources differs from a second number of synchronization signal block resources to be used by the UE to perform spatial beam prediction or temporal beam prediction, and the first number of virtual resources differs from the second number of virtual resources to be used by the UE to perform spatial beam prediction or temporal beam prediction. The transmitting component 1204 can transmit an instruction to perform spatial beam prediction or temporal beam prediction at least in part based on the number of synchronization signal block resources associated with a plurality of candidate target cells or the number of virtual resources associated with a plurality of candidate target cells before transmitting the cell handover command.

[0190] Figure 12 The number and arrangement of components shown are provided as an example. In reality, they can exist in... Figure 12 The components shown are compared to additional components, fewer components, different components, or components arranged in a different manner. Furthermore, Figure 12 The two or more components shown can be implemented within a single component, or Figure 12 The single component shown can be implemented as multiple distributed components. Additionally or alternatively, Figure 12 The component collection (one or more components) shown can be executed as described by Figure 12 The other set of components shown performs one or more functions.

[0191] The following provides an overview of some aspects of this disclosure: Aspect 1: A method for wireless communication performed by a user equipment (UE), the method comprising: receiving network assistance information regarding at least one of spatial beam prediction or temporal beam prediction, the spatial beam prediction or the temporal beam prediction being associated with mobility from a source cell to a target cell among a plurality of candidate target cells, the network assistance information indicating at least one of a backhaul delay characteristic or a target layer 1 (L1) reference signal received power (RSRP) value; and identifying whether to perform the spatial beam prediction or the temporal beam prediction based on the network assistance information.

[0192] Aspect 2: According to the method of aspect 1, the method further includes performing the spatial beam prediction or the temporal beam prediction based on the satisfaction of one or more conditions indicated in the network auxiliary information.

[0193] Aspect 3: The method according to any one of Aspects 1 to 2, the method further comprising suppressing the execution of the spatial beam prediction or the temporal beam prediction based on the failure to satisfy one or more conditions indicated in the network auxiliary information.

[0194] Aspect 4: The method according to any one of Aspects 1 to 3, wherein the spatial beam prediction and the temporal beam prediction are associated with at least one of L1 RSRP, L1 signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR), the number of top-ranked L1 RSRP resources, or the number of top-ranked SINR resources, wherein the L1 RSRP, L1 SINR, the number of top-ranked RSRP resources, and the number of top-ranked SINR resources are based at least in part on one or more synchronization signal blocks (SSBs) associated with the plurality of candidate target cells or one or more virtual resources associated with the plurality of candidate target cells.

[0195] Aspect 5: The method according to any one of Aspects 1 to 4, wherein the mobility from the source cell to the target cell among the plurality of candidate target cells is lower-layer triggered mobility.

[0196] Aspect 6: The method according to any one of aspects 1 to 5, the method further comprising obtaining one or more mobility configurations, each of the one or more mobility configurations indicating at least one target cell among the plurality of candidate target cells that can be switched from the source cell using a cell handover command.

[0197] Aspect 7: The method according to any one of Aspects 1 to 6, wherein the network assistance information indicates the backhaul delay characteristics, wherein the backhaul delay characteristics correspond to the distribution of backhaul delay between the source cell and the target cell.

[0198] Aspect 8: According to the method of aspect 7, wherein the distribution of the backhaul delay between the source cells is at least one of the average value of the backhaul delay or the standard deviation of the backhaul delay.

[0199] Aspect 9: According to the method of aspect 7, wherein the backhaul delay is at least partially based on the one-way delay from the source cell to the target cell.

[0200] Aspect 10: The method according to aspect 7, wherein the backhaul delay is at least partially based on the round-trip delay between the source cell and the target cell.

[0201] Aspect 11: According to the method of aspect 7, the distribution of the backhaul delay is at least partially based on the duration prior to receiving the network assistance information, wherein the length of the duration, the start point of the duration, or the end point of the duration is configured in the UE or received via the network assistance information.

[0202] Aspect 12: The method according to any one of aspects 1 to 11, wherein the network assistance information indicates the target L1 RSRP value.

[0203] Aspect 13: According to the method of aspect 12, the target L1 RSRP value is indicated based on the highest L1 RSRP measurement among a plurality of L1 RSRP measurements associated with a plurality of synchronization signal block resources.

[0204] Aspect 14: According to the method of aspect 12, the target L1 RSRP value is based at least in part on an indication of a synchronization block identifier associated with the highest L1 RSRP measurement among a plurality of L1 RSRP measurements associated with a plurality of synchronization block resources, or at least in part on a target spectral efficiency value.

[0205] Aspect 15: The method according to any one of Aspects 1 to 14, wherein receiving the network assistance information includes receiving the network assistance information from the source cell via a broadcast message.

[0206] Aspect 16: The method according to any one of Aspects 1 to 15, wherein receiving the network assistance information includes receiving the network assistance information from the source cell via a multicast message.

[0207] Aspect 17: The method according to any one of Aspects 1 to 16, wherein receiving the network assistance information includes receiving the network assistance information from the source cell via a unicast message.

[0208] Aspect 18: The method according to any one of Aspects 1 to 17, wherein receiving the network assistance information includes receiving a radio resource control message or a media access control message including the network assistance information before receiving a cell handover command indicating a handover from the source cell to the target cell.

[0209] Aspect 19: The method according to any one of Aspects 1 to 18, wherein receiving the network assistance information includes receiving a cell handover command that indicates a handover from the source cell to the target cell and includes an indication of the network assistance information.

[0210] Aspect 20: The method according to any one of aspects 1 to 19, wherein receiving the network assistance information includes receiving the network assistance information without sending a request for the network assistance information.

[0211] Aspect 21: The method according to any one of aspects 1 to 20, the method further comprising sending a request for the network assistance information, wherein receiving the network assistance information includes receiving the network assistance information in accordance with the request for the network assistance information.

[0212] Aspect 22: The method according to any one of Aspects 1 to 21, the method further comprising: receiving a cell handover command, the cell handover command instructing the UE to perform the spatial beam prediction or the temporal beam prediction at least in part based on a first number of synchronization signal block resources associated with the plurality of candidate target cells or a first number of virtual resources associated with the plurality of candidate target cells; and performing the spatial beam prediction or the temporal beam prediction at least in part based on a second number of synchronization signal block resources associated with the plurality of candidate target cells or a second number of virtual resources associated with the plurality of candidate target cells.

[0213] Aspect 23: The method according to any one of aspects 1 to 22, the method further comprising receiving an instruction to perform the spatial beam prediction or the temporal beam prediction based at least in part on the number of synchronization signal block resources associated with the plurality of candidate target cells or the number of virtual resources associated with the plurality of candidate target cells before receiving a cell handover command.

[0214] Aspect 24: The method according to any one of Aspects 1 to 23, the method further comprising identifying whether to send a medium access control message including an indication of the spatial beam prediction or the temporal beam prediction, message 3 physical uplink shared channel communication or message A physical uplink shared channel communication based on the network auxiliary information.

[0215] Aspect 25: The method according to any one of Aspects 1 to 24, the method further comprising identifying, based on the network auxiliary information, whether to transmit a channel state information payload including one or more code points indicating that the UE has not performed the spatial beam prediction or the temporal beam prediction.

[0216] Aspect 26: The method according to any one of aspects 1 to 25, the method further comprising identifying at least one of a plurality of measurement opportunities, at least partially based on the number of synchronization signal block resources, or a timing opportunity for performing the next timing beam prediction, based on the network auxiliary information and based on performing the spatial beam prediction or the temporal beam prediction.

[0217] Aspect 27: A method for wireless communication performed by a network node, the method comprising: generating network assistance information regarding at least one of spatial beam prediction or temporal beam prediction, the spatial beam prediction or the temporal beam prediction being associated with the mobility of a user equipment (UE) from a source cell to a target cell among a plurality of candidate target cells, the network assistance information indicating at least one of a backhaul delay characteristic or a target layer 1 (L1) reference signal received power (RSRP) value; and transmitting the network assistance information.

[0218] Aspect 28: According to the method of aspect 27, wherein the spatial beam prediction and the temporal beam prediction are associated with at least one of L1 RSRP, L1 signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR), the number of top-ranked L1 RSRP resources, or the number of top-ranked SINR resources, wherein the L1 RSRP, L1 SINR, the number of top-ranked RSRP resources, and the number of top-ranked SINR resources are based at least in part on one or more synchronization signal blocks (SSBs) associated with the plurality of candidate target cells or one or more virtual resources associated with the plurality of candidate target cells.

[0219] Aspect 29: The method according to any one of Aspects 27 to 28, wherein the mobility from the source cell to the target cell among the plurality of candidate target cells is lower-layer triggered mobility.

[0220] Aspect 30: The method according to any one of aspects 27 to 29, the method further comprising sending one or more mobility configurations, each of the one or more mobility configurations indicating at least one target cell among the plurality of candidate target cells that can be switched from the source cell using a cell handover command.

[0221] Aspect 31: The method according to any one of Aspects 27 to 30, wherein the network assistance information indicates the backhaul delay characteristics, wherein the backhaul delay characteristics correspond to the distribution of backhaul delay between the source cell and the target cell.

[0222] Aspect 32: According to the method of aspect 31, wherein the distribution of the backhaul delay between the source cells is at least one of the average value of the backhaul delay or the standard deviation of the backhaul delay.

[0223] Aspect 33: According to the method of aspect 31, wherein the backhaul delay is at least partially based on the one-way delay from the source cell to the target cell.

[0224] Aspect 34: According to the method of aspect 31, wherein the backhaul delay is at least partially based on the round-trip delay between the source cell and the target cell.

[0225] Aspect 35: According to the method of aspect 31, the distribution of the backhaul delay is at least partially based on the duration prior to the transmission of the network assistance information, wherein the length of the duration, the start point of the duration, or the end point of the duration is configured or transmitted via the network assistance information.

[0226] Aspect 36: The method according to any one of Aspects 27 to 35, wherein the network assistance information indicates the target L1 RSRP value.

[0227] Aspect 37: According to the method of aspect 36, the target L1 RSRP value is indicated based on the highest L1 RSRP measurement among a plurality of L1 RSRP measurements associated with a plurality of synchronization signal block resources.

[0228] Aspect 38: The method according to aspect 36, wherein the target L1 RSRP value is based at least in part on an indication of a synchronization block identifier associated with the highest L1 RSRP measurement among a plurality of L1 RSRP measurements associated with and of a plurality of synchronization block resources, or at least in part on a target spectral efficiency value.

[0229] Aspect 39: The method according to any one of Aspects 27 to 38, wherein sending the network assistance information includes sending a broadcast message including the network assistance information within the source cell.

[0230] Aspect 40: The method according to any one of Aspects 27 to 39, wherein sending the network assistance information includes sending a multicast message including the network assistance information to a plurality of UEs in the source cell.

[0231] Aspect 41: The method according to any one of Aspects 27 to 40, wherein sending the network assistance information includes sending a unicast message including the network assistance information.

[0232] Aspect 42: The method according to any one of Aspects 27 to 41, wherein sending the network assistance information includes sending a radio resource control message or a media access control message including the network assistance information before sending a cell handover command indicating a handover from the source cell to the target cell.

[0233] Aspect 43: The method according to any one of Aspects 27 to 42, wherein sending the network assistance information includes sending a cell handover command that indicates a handover from the source cell to the target cell and includes an indication of the network assistance information.

[0234] Aspect 44: The method according to any one of Aspects 27 to 43, wherein sending the network assistance information includes sending the network assistance information without receiving a request for the network assistance information.

[0235] Aspect 45: The method according to any one of aspects 27 to 44, the method further comprising receiving a request for the network assistance information, wherein sending the network assistance information includes sending the network assistance information in accordance with the request for the network assistance information.

[0236] Aspect 46: The method according to any one of Aspects 27 to 45, the method further comprising sending a cell handover command, the cell handover command instructing the UE to perform the spatial beam prediction or the temporal beam prediction at least in part based on a first number of synchronization signal block resources associated with the plurality of candidate target cells or a first number of virtual resources associated with the plurality of candidate target cells, wherein the first number of synchronization signal block resources is different from a second number of synchronization signal block resources to be used by the UE to perform the spatial beam prediction or the temporal beam prediction, and the first number of virtual resources is different from the second number of virtual resources to be used by the UE to perform the spatial beam prediction or the temporal beam prediction.

[0237] Aspect 47: The method according to any one of Aspects 27 to 46, the method further comprising sending an indication to perform the spatial beam prediction or the temporal beam prediction based at least in part on the number of synchronization signal block resources associated with the plurality of candidate target cells or the number of virtual resources associated with the plurality of candidate target cells before sending a cell handover command.

[0238] Aspect 48: A method of wireless communication performed by a user equipment (UE), the method comprising: receiving network assistance information regarding at least one of spatial beam prediction or temporal beam prediction, the spatial beam prediction or the temporal beam prediction being associated with mobility from a source cell to a target cell among a plurality of candidate target cells, the network assistance information indicating at least one of a backhaul delay characteristic or a target layer 1 (L1) reference signal received power (RSRP) value; and performing the spatial beam prediction or the temporal beam prediction based on the network assistance information.

[0239] Aspect 49: According to the method of aspect 48, the method further includes identifying whether to perform the spatial beam prediction or the temporal beam prediction based on the network auxiliary information.

[0240] Aspect 50: The method according to any one of Aspects 48 to 49, wherein performing the spatial beam prediction or the temporal beam prediction based on the network-aided information comprises performing the spatial beam prediction or the temporal beam prediction based on one or more conditions indicated in the network-aided information being satisfied.

[0241] Aspect 51: The method according to any one of Aspects 48 to 50, wherein the spatial beam prediction and the temporal beam prediction are associated with at least one of L1 RSRP, L1 signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR), the number of top-ranked L1 RSRP resources, or the number of top-ranked SINR resources, wherein the L1 RSRP, L1 SINR, the number of top-ranked RSRP resources, and the number of top-ranked SINR resources are based at least in part on one or more synchronization signal blocks (SSBs) associated with the plurality of candidate target cells or one or more virtual resources associated with the plurality of candidate target cells.

[0242] Aspect 52: The method according to any one of aspects 48 to 51, wherein the mobility from the source cell to the target cell among the plurality of candidate target cells is lower-layer triggered mobility.

[0243] Aspect 53: The method according to any one of aspects 48 to 52, the method further comprising obtaining one or more mobility configurations, each of the one or more mobility configurations indicating at least one target cell among the plurality of candidate target cells that can be switched from the source cell using a cell handover command.

[0244] Aspect 54: The method according to any one of Aspects 48 to 53, wherein the network assistance information indicates the backhaul delay characteristics, wherein the backhaul delay characteristics correspond to the distribution of backhaul delay between the source cell and the target cell.

[0245] Aspect 55: According to the method of aspect 54, wherein the distribution of the backhaul delay between the source cells is at least one of the average value of the backhaul delay or the standard deviation of the backhaul delay.

[0246] Aspect 56: The method according to aspect 54, wherein the backhaul delay is at least partially based on the one-way delay from the source cell to the target cell.

[0247] Aspect 57: The method according to aspect 54, wherein the backhaul delay is at least partially based on the round-trip delay between the source cell and the target cell.

[0248] Aspect 58: According to the method of aspect 54, the distribution of the backhaul delay is at least partially based on the duration prior to receiving the network assistance information, wherein the length of the duration, the start point of the duration, or the end point of the duration is configured in the UE or received via the network assistance information.

[0249] Aspect 59: The method according to any one of aspects 48 to 58, wherein the network assistance information indicates the target L1 RSRP value.

[0250] Aspect 60: The method according to aspect 59, wherein the target L1 RSRP value is indicated based on the highest L1 RSRP measurement among a plurality of L1 RSRP measurements associated with a plurality of synchronization signal block resources.

[0251] Aspect 61: The method according to aspect 59, wherein the target L1 RSRP value is based at least in part on an indication of a synchronization block identifier associated with the highest L1 RSRP measurement among a plurality of L1 RSRP measurements associated with and of a plurality of synchronization block resources, or at least in part on a target spectral efficiency value.

[0252] Aspect 62: The method according to any one of aspects 48 to 61, wherein receiving the network assistance information includes receiving the network assistance information from the source cell via a broadcast message.

[0253] Aspect 63: The method according to any one of Aspects 48 to 62, wherein receiving the network assistance information includes receiving the network assistance information from the source cell via a multicast message.

[0254] Aspect 64: The method according to any one of aspects 48 to 63, wherein receiving the network assistance information includes receiving the network assistance information from the source cell via a unicast message.

[0255] Aspect 65: The method according to any one of Aspects 48 to 64, wherein receiving the network assistance information includes receiving a radio resource control message or a media access control message including the network assistance information before receiving a cell handover command indicating a handover from the source cell to the target cell.

[0256] Aspect 66: The method according to any one of Aspects 48 to 65, wherein receiving the network assistance information includes receiving a cell handover command that indicates a handover from the source cell to the target cell and includes an indication of the network assistance information.

[0257] Aspect 67: The method according to any one of Aspects 48 to 66, wherein receiving the network assistance information includes receiving the network assistance information without sending a request for the network assistance information.

[0258] Aspect 68: The method according to any one of aspects 48 to 67, the method further comprising sending a request for the network assistance information, wherein receiving the network assistance information includes receiving the network assistance information in accordance with the request for the network assistance information.

[0259] Aspect 69: The method according to any one of Aspects 48 to 68, the method further comprising receiving a cell handover command, the cell handover command instructing the UE to perform the spatial beam prediction or the temporal beam prediction at least in part based on a first number of synchronization block resources associated with the plurality of candidate target cells or a first number of virtual resources associated with the plurality of candidate target cells, wherein performing beam management based on the network assistance information includes performing the spatial beam prediction or the temporal beam prediction at least in part based on a second number of synchronization block resources associated with the plurality of candidate target cells or a second number of virtual resources associated with the plurality of candidate target cells.

[0260] Aspect 70: The method according to any one of Aspects 48 to 69, the method further comprising receiving, prior to receiving a cell handover command, an instruction to perform the spatial beam prediction or the temporal beam prediction based at least in part on the number of synchronization signal block resources associated with the plurality of candidate target cells or the number of virtual resources associated with the plurality of candidate target cells.

[0261] Aspect 71: The method according to any one of Aspects 48 to 70, the method further comprising identifying, based on the network auxiliary information, whether to send a medium access control message including an indication of the spatial beam prediction or the temporal beam prediction, message 3 physical uplink shared channel communication, or message A physical uplink shared channel communication.

[0262] Aspect 72: The method according to any one of Aspects 48 to 71, the method further comprising identifying, based on the network auxiliary information, whether to transmit a channel state information payload including one or more code points indicating that the UE has not performed the spatial beam prediction or the temporal beam prediction.

[0263] Aspect 73: The method according to any one of aspects 48 to 72, the method further comprising identifying at least one of a plurality of measurement opportunities, at least in part based on the number of synchronization signal block resources, or a timing opportunity for performing the next timing beam prediction, based on the network auxiliary information and based on performing the spatial beam prediction or the temporal beam prediction.

[0264] Aspect 74: A method for wireless communication performed by a network node, the method comprising: generating network assistance information regarding at least one of spatial beam prediction or temporal beam prediction, the spatial beam prediction or the temporal beam prediction being associated with the mobility of a user equipment (UE) from a source cell to a target cell among a plurality of candidate target cells, the network assistance information indicating at least one of a backhaul delay characteristic or a target layer 1 (L1) reference signal received power (RSRP) value; and transmitting the network assistance information.

[0265] Aspect 75: The method according to aspect 74, wherein the spatial beam prediction and the temporal beam prediction are associated with at least one of L1 RSRP, L1 signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR), the number of top-ranked L1 RSRP resources, or the number of top-ranked SINR resources, wherein the L1 RSRP, L1 SINR, the number of top-ranked RSRP resources, and the number of top-ranked SINR resources are based at least in part on one or more synchronization signal blocks (SSBs) associated with the plurality of candidate target cells or one or more virtual resources associated with the plurality of candidate target cells.

[0266] Aspect 76: The method according to any one of aspects 74 to 75, wherein the mobility from the source cell to the target cell among the plurality of candidate target cells is lower-layer triggered mobility.

[0267] Aspect 77: The method according to any one of aspects 74 to 76, the method further comprising sending one or more mobility configurations, each of the one or more mobility configurations indicating at least one target cell among the plurality of candidate target cells that can be switched from the source cell using a cell handover command.

[0268] Aspect 78: The method according to any one of Aspects 74 to 77, wherein the network assistance information indicates the backhaul delay characteristics, wherein the backhaul delay characteristics correspond to the distribution of backhaul delay between the source cell and the target cell.

[0269] Aspect 79: According to the method of aspect 78, wherein the distribution of the backhaul delay between the source cells is at least one of the average value of the backhaul delay or the standard deviation of the backhaul delay.

[0270] Aspect 80: The method according to aspect 78, wherein the backhaul delay is at least partially based on the one-way delay from the source cell to the target cell.

[0271] Aspect 81: The method according to aspect 78, wherein the backhaul delay is at least in part based on the round-trip delay between the source cell and the target cell.

[0272] Aspect 82: According to the method of aspect 78, the distribution of the backhaul delay is at least partially based on the duration prior to the transmission of the network assistance information, wherein the length of the duration, the start point of the duration, or the end point of the duration is configured or transmitted via the network assistance information.

[0273] Aspect 83: The method according to any one of aspects 74 to 82, wherein the network assistance information indicates the target L1 RSRP value.

[0274] Aspect 84: According to the method of aspect 83, the target L1 RSRP value is indicated based on the highest L1 RSRP measurement among a plurality of L1 RSRP measurements associated with a plurality of synchronization signal block resources.

[0275] Aspect 85: According to the method of aspect 83, the target L1 RSRP value is based at least in part on an indication of a synchronization block identifier associated with the highest L1 RSRP measurement among a plurality of L1 RSRP measurements associated with a plurality of synchronization block resources, or at least in part on a target spectral efficiency value.

[0276] Aspect 86: The method according to any one of Aspects 74 to 85, wherein sending the network assistance information includes sending a broadcast message including the network assistance information within the source cell.

[0277] Aspect 87: The method according to any one of Aspects 74 to 86, wherein sending the network assistance information includes sending a multicast message including the network assistance information to a plurality of UEs in the source cell.

[0278] Aspect 88: The method according to any one of Aspects 74 to 87, wherein sending the network assistance information includes sending a unicast message including the network assistance information.

[0279] Aspect 89: The method according to any one of Aspects 74 to 88, wherein sending the network assistance information includes sending a radio resource control message or a media access control message including the network assistance information before sending a cell handover command indicating a handover from the source cell to the target cell.

[0280] Aspect 90: The method according to any one of Aspects 74 to 89, wherein sending the network assistance information includes sending a cell handover command that indicates a handover from the source cell to the target cell and includes an indication of the network assistance information.

[0281] Aspect 91: The method according to any one of Aspects 74 to 90, wherein sending the network assistance information includes sending the network assistance information without receiving a request for the network assistance information.

[0282] Aspect 92: The method according to any one of aspects 74 to 91, the method further comprising receiving a request for the network assistance information, wherein sending the network assistance information includes sending the network assistance information in accordance with the request for the network assistance information.

[0283] Aspect 93: The method according to any one of Aspects 74 to 92, the method further comprising sending a cell handover command, the cell handover command instructing the UE to perform the spatial beam prediction or the temporal beam prediction at least in part based on a first number of synchronization signal block resources associated with the plurality of candidate target cells or a first number of virtual resources associated with the plurality of candidate target cells, wherein the first number of synchronization signal block resources is different from a second number of synchronization signal block resources to be used by the UE to perform the spatial beam prediction or the temporal beam prediction, and the first number of virtual resources is different from the second number of virtual resources to be used by the UE to perform the spatial beam prediction or the temporal beam prediction.

[0284] Aspect 94: An apparatus for wireless communication at a device, the apparatus comprising: one or more processors; one or more memories coupled to the one or more processors; and instructions stored in the one or more memories and executable by the one or more processors to cause the apparatus to perform the method according to one or more of aspects 1 to 93.

[0285] Aspect 95: An apparatus for wireless communication at a device, the apparatus comprising one or more memories and one or more processors coupled to the one or more memories, the one or more processors being configured to cause the device to perform the method according to one or more of aspects 1 to 93.

[0286] Aspect 96: An apparatus for wireless communication, the apparatus comprising at least one component for performing the method according to one or more of aspects 1 to 93.

[0287] Aspect 97: A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing code for wireless communication, said code including instructions executable by one or more processors to perform the methods described in one or more of aspects 1 to 93.

[0288] Aspect 98: A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing a set of instructions for wireless communication, the set of instructions comprising one or more instructions that, when executed by one or more processors of a device, cause the device to perform the method according to one or more of aspects 1 to 93.

[0289] Aspect 99: A device for wireless communication, the device including a processing system comprising one or more processors and one or more memories coupled to the one or more processors, the processing system being configured to cause the device to perform the method according to one or more of aspects 1 to 93.

[0290] Aspect 100: An apparatus for wireless communication at a device, the apparatus comprising one or more memories and one or more processors coupled to the one or more memories, the one or more processors being individually or collectively configured to cause the device to perform the method according to one or more of aspects 1 to 93.

[0291] While the foregoing disclosure provides examples and descriptions, it is not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the aspects to the precise form disclosed. Modifications and variations may be made based on the foregoing disclosure, or from various forms of practice.

[0292] As used herein, the term "component" is intended to be interpreted broadly as hardware, firmware, or a combination of hardware and software. As used herein, a processor is implemented as hardware, firmware, or a combination of hardware and software. As used herein, the phrase "based on" is intended to be interpreted broadly as "at least partially based on". As used herein, depending on the context, "meeting a threshold" can refer to a value greater than a threshold, greater than or equal to a threshold, less than a threshold, less than or equal to a threshold, equal to a threshold, not equal to a threshold, etc. As used herein, the phrase referring to "at least one of" a list of items means any combination of those items, including a single member. As an example, "at least one of a, b, or c" is intended to cover: a, b, c, a+b, a+c, b+c, and a+b+c.

[0293] Furthermore, as used herein, the articles “a” and “an” are intended to include one or more items and are interchangeable with “one or more”. Furthermore, as used herein, the article “described” is intended to include one or more items mentioned in connection with the article “described” and is interchangeable with “one or more”. Furthermore, as used herein, the terms “group” and “cluster” are intended to include one or more items (e.g., related items, unrelated items, or a combination of related and unrelated items) and are interchangeable with “one or more”. If only one item is desired, the phrase “only one” or similar terms will be used. Moreover, as used herein, the terms “having” and similar terms are intended to be open-ended terms that do not limit the elements they modify (e.g., an element “having” A may also have B). Furthermore, as used herein, the term “or” when used in a sequence is intended to be inclusive and is interchangeable with “and / or” unless otherwise explicitly stated (e.g., in conjunction with “either of” or “only one of”).

[0294] The various exemplary logic components, logic blocks, modules, circuits, and algorithmic processes described in conjunction with the aspects disclosed herein can be implemented as electronic hardware, computer software, or a combination of both. The interchangeability of hardware and software has been generally described in terms of functionality and illustrated in the various exemplary components, blocks, modules, circuits, and processes described herein. Whether such functionality is implemented in hardware or software depends on the specific application and the design constraints imposed on the overall system.

[0295] Hardware and data processing means for implementing the various exemplary logic, logic blocks, modules, and circuits described herein can be implemented or executed using general-purpose single-chip or multi-chip processors, digital signal processors (DSPs), application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs), field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) or other programmable logic devices, discrete gate or transistor logic components, discrete hardware components, or any combination thereof designed to perform the functions described herein. A general-purpose processor can be a microprocessor, or any conventional processor, controller, microcontroller, or state machine. A processor can also be implemented as a combination of computing devices, such as a combination of a DSP and a microprocessor, multiple microprocessors, one or more microprocessors combined with a DSP core, or any other such configuration. In some aspects, specific processes and methods can be performed by circuitry dedicated to a given function.

[0296] In one or more aspects, the described functionality may be implemented in hardware, digital electronic circuits, computer software, firmware, including the structures disclosed in this specification and their structural equivalents or any combination thereof. Aspects of the subject matter described in this specification may also be implemented as one or more computer programs (such as one or more modules of computer program instructions) encoded on a computer storage medium for execution by or control of the operation of a data processing apparatus.

[0297] If implemented in software, the functionality can be stored as one or more instructions or code on or transmitted through a computer-readable medium. The processes of the methods or algorithms disclosed herein can be implemented in a processor-executable software module that can reside on a computer-readable medium. Computer-readable media include both computer storage media and communication media, with communication media including any medium capable of transferring a computer program from one place to another. Storage media can be any available medium accessible to a computer. By way of example, and not limitation, such computer-readable media may include RAM, ROM, EEPROM, CD-ROM or other optical disc storage devices, disk storage devices or other magnetic storage devices, or any other medium that can be used to store desired program code in the form of instructions or data structures and is accessible to a computer. Furthermore, any connection may be properly referred to as a computer-readable medium. As used herein, disks and optical discs include compact optical discs (CDs), laser discs, optical discs, digital versatile optical discs (DVDs), floppy disks, and Blu-ray discs, where disks typically reproduce data magnetically, while optical discs reproduce data optically using lasers. Combinations of media described herein should also be included within the scope of computer-readable media. Additionally, the operation of a method or algorithm may reside as a set of code and instructions or any combination of code and instructions on a machine-readable medium and a computer-readable medium that may be incorporated into a computer program product.

[0298] Various modifications to the aspects described in this disclosure will be apparent to those skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein may be applied to other aspects without departing from the spirit or scope of this disclosure. Therefore, the claims are not intended to be limited to the aspects shown herein, but are to be granted the widest scope consistent with this disclosure, the principles disclosed herein, and the novel features.

[0299] Additionally, those skilled in the art will readily recognize that the terms “upper” and “lower” are sometimes used to facilitate the description of the drawings and to indicate relative positions on a correctly oriented page corresponding to the orientation of the drawings, and may not reflect the correct orientation of any device as implemented.

[0300] Some features described in the context of an independent aspect in this specification may also be implemented in combination in a single aspect. Conversely, various features described in the context of a single aspect may also be implemented individually or in any suitable sub-combination in multiple aspects. Furthermore, although features may be described as functioning in certain combinations and even originally claimed in this way, one or more features from the claimed combination may be removed from that combination in some cases, and the claimed combination may be for sub-combinations or variations thereof.

[0301] Similarly, although operations are depicted in a specific order in the figures, this should not be construed as requiring such operations to be performed in the shown specific order or sequential order, or to perform all illustrated operations to achieve the desired result. Furthermore, the figures may schematically depict one or more example processes in the form of flowcharts. However, other operations not depicted may be incorporated into the schematically illustrated example processes. For example, one or more additional operations may be performed before, after, simultaneously with, or between any of the illustrated operations. In some contexts, multitasking and parallel processing are advantageous. Moreover, the separation of various system components in the described aspects should not be construed as requiring such separation in all aspects, and it should be understood that the described program components and systems can generally be integrated together in a single software product or packaged into multiple software products. Additionally, other aspects also fall within the scope of the appended claims. In some cases, the actions recited in the claims may be performed in a different order and still achieve the desired result.

Claims

1. An apparatus for wireless communication at a user equipment (UE), comprising: one or more memories; and one or more processors coupled to the one or more memories, the one or more processors being individually or collectively configured to cause the UE to: receive network assistance information for at least one of a spatial beam prediction or a temporal beam prediction associated with a mobility from a source cell to a target cell of a plurality of candidate target cells, the network assistance information indicating at least one of a backhaul delay characteristic or a target layer 1 (Ll) reference signal received power (RSRP) value; and perform the spatial beam prediction or the temporal beam prediction in accordance with the network assistance information.

2. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the one or more processors are further configured to identify whether to perform the spatial beam prediction or the temporal beam prediction in accordance with the network assistance information.

3. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein to perform the spatial beam prediction or the temporal beam prediction in accordance with the network assistance information, the one or more processors are configured to perform the spatial beam prediction or the temporal beam prediction in accordance with one or more conditions indicated in the network assistance information being satisfied.

4. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the spatial beam prediction and the temporal beam prediction are associated with at least one of an Ll RSRP, an Ll signal to interference plus noise ratio (SINR), a number of top ranked Ll RSRP resources, or a number of top ranked SINR resources, wherein the Ll RSRP, Ll SINR, number of top ranked RSRP resources, and number of top ranked SINR resources are based at least in part on one or more synchronization signal blocks (SSBs) associated with the plurality of candidate target cells or one or more virtual resources associated with the plurality of candidate target cells.

5. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the mobility from the source cell to the target cell of the plurality of candidate target cells is a lower layer triggered mobility.

6. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the one or more processors are further configured to cause the UE to obtain one or more mobility configurations, each mobility configuration of the one or more mobility configurations indicating at least one target cell of the plurality of candidate target cells that is capable of being switched from the source cell using a cell handover command.

7. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the network assistance information indicates the backhaul delay characteristic, wherein the backhaul delay characteristic corresponds to a distribution of backhaul delays between the source cell and the target cell.

8. The apparatus of claim 7, wherein the distribution of backhaul delays between the source cell and the source cell is at least one of a mean of the backhaul delays or a standard deviation of the backhaul delays.

9. The apparatus of claim 7, wherein the distribution of the backhaul delay is based at least in part on a duration prior to receiving the network assistance information, wherein a length of the duration, a start of the duration, or an end of the duration is configured in the UE or received via the network assistance information.

10. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the network assistance information indicates the target LI RSRP value.

11. The apparatus of claim 10, wherein the target LI RSRP value is indicated according to a highest LI RSRP measurement of a plurality of LI RSRP measurements associated with a plurality of synchronization signal block resources.

12. The apparatus of claim 10, wherein the target LI RSRP value is based at least in part on an indication of a synchronization signal block identifier associated with a highest LI RSRP measurement of a plurality of LI RSRP measurements associated with a plurality of synchronization signal block resources or based at least in part on a target spectral efficiency value.

13. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the one or more processors are further configured to cause the UE to receive a cell handover command indicating that the UE is to perform the spatial beam prediction or the temporal beam prediction based at least in part on a first number of synchronization signal block resources associated with the plurality of candidate target cells or a first number of virtual resources associated with the plurality of candidate target cells; and wherein the one or more processors are further configured to perform the spatial beam prediction or the temporal beam prediction based at least in part on a second number of synchronization signal block resources associated with the plurality of candidate target cells or a second number of virtual resources associated with the plurality of candidate target cells.

14. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the one or more processors are further configured to cause the UE to receive, prior to receiving a cell handover command, an indication to perform the spatial beam prediction or the temporal beam prediction based at least in part on a number of synchronization signal block resources associated with the plurality of candidate target cells or a number of virtual resources associated with the plurality of candidate target cells.

15. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the one or more processors are further configured to cause the UE to identify, according to the network assistance information, whether to transmit a medium access control message, a message 3 physical uplink shared channel communication, or a message A physical uplink shared channel communication that includes an indication of the spatial beam prediction or the temporal beam prediction.

16. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the one or more processors are further configured to cause the UE to identify, according to the network assistance information, whether to transmit a channel state information payload that includes one or more codepoints indicating that the UE did not perform the spatial beam prediction or the temporal beam prediction.

17. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the one or more processors are further configured to cause the UE to identify, from the network assistance information and from performing the spatial beam prediction or the temporal beam prediction, at least one of a most recent measurement occasion of a plurality of measurement occasions based at least in part on a number of synchronization signal block resources or a time occasion for performing a next temporal beam prediction.

18. An apparatus for wireless communication at a network node, the apparatus comprising: one or more memories; and one or more processors coupled to the one or more memories, the one or more processors being individually or collectively configured to cause the network node to: generate network assistance information regarding at least one of a spatial beam prediction or a temporal beam prediction associated with mobility of a user equipment (UE) from a source cell to a target cell of a plurality of candidate target cells, the network assistance information indicating at least one of a backhaul delay characteristic or a target layer 1 (Ll) reference signal received power (RSRP) value; and transmit the network assistance information.

19. The apparatus of claim 18, wherein the spatial beam prediction and the temporal beam prediction are associated with at least one of an Ll RSRP, an Ll signal to interference plus noise ratio (SINR), a number of top ranked Ll RSRP resources, or a number of top ranked SINR resources, wherein the Ll RSRP, Ll SINR, number of top ranked RSRP resources, and number of top ranked SINR resources are based at least in part on one or more synchronization signal blocks (SSBs) associated with the plurality of candidate target cells or one or more virtual resources associated with the plurality of candidate target cells.

20. The apparatus of claim 18, wherein the mobility from the source cell to the target cell of the plurality of candidate target cells is a lower layer triggered mobility.

21. The apparatus of claim 18, wherein the one or more processors are further configured to cause the network node to transmit one or more mobility configurations, each mobility configuration of the one or more mobility configurations indicating at least one target cell of the plurality of candidate target cells that is capable of being switched from the source cell using a cell handover command.

22. The apparatus of claim 18, wherein the network assistance information indicates the backhaul delay characteristic, wherein the backhaul delay characteristic corresponds to a distribution of backhaul delays between the source cell and the target cell.

23. The apparatus of claim 22, wherein the distribution of backhaul delays between the source cell and the source cell is at least one of a mean of the backhaul delays or a standard deviation of the backhaul delays.

24. The apparatus of claim 22, wherein the distribution of the backhaul delay is based at least in part on a duration prior to transmitting the network assistance information, wherein a length of the duration, a start of the duration, or an end of the duration is configured or transmitted via the network assistance information.

25. The apparatus of claim 18, wherein the network assistance information indicates the target Ll RSRP value.

26. The apparatus of claim 25, wherein the target Ll RSRP value is indicated according to a highest Ll RSRP measurement of a plurality of Ll RSRP measurements associated with a plurality of synchronization signal block resources.

27. The apparatus of claim 18, wherein the one or more processors are further configured to cause the network node to transmit a cell handover command indicating that the UE is to perform the spatial beam prediction or the time beam prediction based at least in part on a first number of synchronization signal block resources associated with the plurality of candidate target cells or a first number of virtual resources associated with the plurality of candidate target cells, wherein the first number of synchronization signal block resources is different from a second number of synchronization signal block resources to be used by the UE to perform the spatial beam prediction or the time beam prediction, and the first number of virtual resources is different from a second number of virtual resources to be used by the UE to perform the spatial beam prediction or the time beam prediction.

28. The apparatus of claim 18, wherein the one or more processors are further configured to cause the network node to transmit, prior to transmitting a cell handover command, an indication that the spatial beam prediction or the time beam prediction is to be performed based at least in part on a number of synchronization signal block resources associated with the plurality of candidate target cells or a number of virtual resources associated with the plurality of candidate target cells.

29. A method of wireless communication performed by a user equipment (UE), the method comprising: receiving network assistance information for at least one of a spatial beam prediction or a time beam prediction, the spatial beam prediction or the time beam prediction associated with mobility from a source cell to a target cell of a plurality of candidate target cells, the network assistance information indicating at least one of a backhaul delay characteristic or a target layer 1 (Ll) reference signal receive power (RSRP) value; and performing the spatial beam prediction or the time beam prediction in accordance with the network assistance information.

30. A method of wireless communication performed by a network node, the method comprising: generating network assistance information for at least one of a spatial beam prediction or a time beam prediction, the spatial beam prediction or the time beam prediction associated with mobility of a user equipment (UE) from a source cell to a target cell of a plurality of candidate target cells, the network assistance information indicating at least one of a backhaul delay characteristic or a target layer 1 (Ll) reference signal receive power (RSRP) value; and transmitting the network assistance information.

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