Efficient alfalfa planting method for avoiding salt and waterlogging in severe saline-alkali soil

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of saline-alkali soil planting, and particularly relates to an efficient alfalfa planting method for avoiding salt and waterlogging in severe saline-alkali soil, which comprises the following steps: S1, from April to May, ridging in a field to build a water storage area, laying a plastic film in the water storage area to cover the whole water storage area, and uniformly punching the plastic film to form air holes; s2, from the end of August to the beginning of September, uncovering the mulching film, punching the soil to form planting holes, sowing alfalfa seeds in the planting holes, and then covering the alfalfa seeds with wet sand to form an isolation layer. According to the efficient alfalfa planting method for avoiding salt and waterlogging in the severe saline-alkali soil, rainwater is accumulated in summer to leach and reduce soil salinity, a suitable germination environment is created in combination with wet sand covering, the alfalfa emergence rate is remarkably increased, and the purpose of full seedling is achieved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of saline-alkali land planting technology, specifically relating to a highly efficient alfalfa planting method for avoiding salt and waterlogging in severely saline-alkali land. Background Technology

[0002] In coastal rain-fed dryland saline-alkali areas, alfalfa cultivation faces severe challenges. In spring, the region experiences extremely low rainfall. If irrigation is carried out, the evaporation of water will increase the salinity in the soil. This not only alters the physical and chemical properties of the soil but also creates an unfavorable environment for alfalfa seed germination and seedling growth, making it impossible to irrigate or sow normally at this time.

[0003] High temperatures and waterlogging in summer inhibit alfalfa growth and can even lead to crop failure. Traditional alfalfa planting techniques are difficult to implement in severely saline-alkali soils, resulting in low germination rates and poor seedling growth, which seriously restricts the planting and promotion of alfalfa in such areas. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To address the problems existing in the prior art, this invention provides a highly efficient alfalfa cultivation method for severely saline-alkali land, which avoids salt and waterlogging. By utilizing summer rainwater leaching to reduce soil salinity and combining it with wet sand mulching to create a suitable germination environment, the method significantly improves the alfalfa emergence rate and achieves the goal of full seedling emergence.

[0005] The specific technical solution adopted in this invention is as follows:

[0006] A highly efficient alfalfa cultivation method for avoiding salt and waterlogging in severely saline-alkali land includes the following steps:

[0007] S1. In April and May, build embankments in the field to construct water storage areas, lay plastic film to cover the entire water storage area, and make evenly distributed holes in the film to form ventilation holes.

[0008] S2. Using ventilation holes, salt leaching is carried out on the soil in the water storage area during the rainy season to store water;

[0009] S3. Between August 20 and September 10, remove the mulch film and drill holes in the soil of the water storage area to form planting holes. Sow alfalfa seeds in the planting holes, and then cover the alfalfa seeds with wet sand to form an isolation layer.

[0010] The diameter of the ventilation holes is 5-8mm, the density of ventilation holes on the mulch film is 20-30 holes / m2, the distance between adjacent longitudinal ridges in the water storage area is 2-3m, the distance between adjacent transverse ridges is 3-5m, and the height of both longitudinal and transverse ridges is 30-40cm.

[0011] The diameter of the planting hole is 3-5cm, the depth of the planting hole is 8-12cm, the spacing between adjacent planting holes is 15-30cm, and the moisture content of the wet sand is 60-70%.

[0012] The construction and mulching of the water storage area in step S1 adopts a ridge-raising and mulching unit. The ridge-raising and mulching unit includes a first frame and a rotary tiller shaft, a soil pressing and shaping mechanism, a mulching roller and a perforating roller arranged sequentially on the first frame along the direction of travel.

[0013] The soil compaction and shaping mechanism includes a longitudinal ridge-raising component and a transverse ridge-raising component. The longitudinal ridge-raising component includes a shaping roller and a soil-collecting shovel located at the front end of the shaping roller. The shaping roller is symmetrically arranged on both sides of the first frame. The soil-collecting shovel is located between the travel paths of the two shaping rollers and has a V-shaped plate structure. The soil in the water storage area is pushed to the front end of the shaping roller in the travel direction by the soil-collecting shovel. The transverse ridge-raising component includes a ridge-raising shovel and a swing hydraulic cylinder. The ridge-raising shovel is horizontally mounted at the bottom of the first frame in a direction perpendicular to the travel direction. The hinged end of the ridge-raising shovel is hinged to the first frame, and the free end of the ridge-raising shovel is hinged to the telescopic end of the swing hydraulic cylinder and has the freedom of swing by means of the swing hydraulic cylinder.

[0014] The specific method for constructing the embankment in the water storage area mentioned in step S1 is as follows:

[0015] S111, the traction machine pulls the first frame forward, the soil-gathering shovel gathers the soil in the middle area of ​​the water storage area to the front end of the shaping roller in the direction of travel, and the shaping roller presses and shapes the gathered soil at the front end to form a longitudinal ridge.

[0016] S121. The embankment shovel is swung to an angle of 70-80° with the direction of travel by means of the swing hydraulic cylinder. The embankment shovel is inserted into the soil of the water storage area and scrapes and pushes the soil to form a pile.

[0017] S122. After the embankment shovel has traveled 3-5m with the tractor, the embankment shovel swings to a horizontal position with the help of the swing hydraulic cylinder, and the embankment shovel scrapes the top of the piled soil.

[0018] S123. After the embankment shovel continues to travel 30-50cm with the tractor, the embankment shovel swings to an angle of 100-110° with the direction of travel using the swing hydraulic cylinder. The tractor then retracts 5-10cm, and the embankment shovel presses down on the back side of the piled soil. The piled soil forms a trapezoidal transverse embankment through the scraping and pressing of the embankment shovel.

[0019] The bottom of the soil-collecting shovel is 15-20cm below the ground surface, and when the embankment shovel is vertical, the horizontal plane of its bottom is 5-8cm lower than the horizontal plane of the bottom of the soil-collecting shovel.

[0020] The alfalfa seed sowing and wet sand covering in step S2 adopts a sowing and sand covering unit. The sowing and sand covering unit includes a second frame and a seeder and a sand covering mechanism arranged sequentially on the second frame along the direction of travel. The travel trajectory of the output end of the seeder coincides with the travel trajectory of the output end of the sand covering mechanism.

[0021] The sand covering mechanism includes a wet sand storage tank and a sand discharge wheel. The bottom of the wet sand storage tank is connected to a sand discharge pipe. The sand discharge wheel is rotatably connected to the sand discharge pipe. Multiple sand discharge troughs are arranged in a ring array on the sand discharge wheel. The wet sand in the sand discharge troughs is thrown to the output end of the sand discharge pipe by the rotation of the sand discharge wheel and covers the alfalfa seeds. The output end of the sand discharge pipe forms the output end of the sand covering mechanism.

[0022] The sand covering mechanism also includes a humidifier, which includes a water storage tank and a drain pipe connected to the bottom of the water storage tank. The travel trajectory of the drain pipe coincides with the travel trajectory of the sand falling pipe, and a shut-off valve is provided at the output end of the drain pipe.

[0023] The beneficial effects of this invention are:

[0024] 1. This invention provides a highly efficient alfalfa cultivation method for severely saline-alkali land to avoid salt and waterlogging. It utilizes summer rainwater leaching to reduce soil salinity and combines it with wet sand mulching to create a suitable germination environment, significantly improving the alfalfa emergence rate and achieving the goal of full seedling emergence.

[0025] From April to May, water storage areas are built on the embankments and mulch is laid to collect rainwater during the rainy season. On the one hand, the water storage in summer ensures sufficient soil moisture when planting alfalfa in the fall. On the other hand, the rainwater is used to wash the soil. The mulch can reduce water evaporation and prevent soil salt from rising due to evaporation, thus solving the problem of salt accumulation on the surface caused by irrigation during spring drought.

[0026] Planting at the end of August and beginning of September, after the rainy season, not only avoids summer flooding but also allows for thorough leaching of soil salinity through the abundant rainfall throughout the summer. As water infiltrates, the salinity in saline-alkali land decreases. Alfalfa is a moderately salt-tolerant forage grass; when soil salinity exceeds 4-5 g / kg, its growth is severely affected. However, using the planting method of this invention, even if the initial soil salinity is 5-8 g / kg, it can be reduced to 4 g / kg or below after leaching and water storage, thus avoiding the harm of high salt content and meeting the saline-alkali environment requirements for alfalfa establishment. Compared to traditional planting methods, this significantly increases the upper limit of the initial soil salinity suitable for alfalfa planting, expanding the applicable range from moderately saline-alkali land to severely saline-alkali land, breaking through the bottleneck of traditional technology in the application of alfalfa establishment in severely saline-alkali land.

[0027] Meanwhile, the accumulation of rainwater over several months has resulted in a certain amount of water stored in the water storage area, maintaining high soil moisture and providing sufficient water for the initial growth of alfalfa seeds. After sowing alfalfa seeds in the planting holes, covering them with 2-3 cm of moist sand can retain moisture, isolate them from the salt intrusion of the surrounding high-salt soil, and prevent soil compaction, thus providing a stable environment for seed germination.

[0028] 2. Existing integrated construction machines often create irregular strip-shaped mounds of soil, resulting in poor resistance to rainwater impact. These mounds require manual shaping, increasing the workload for workers. However, the transverse mound component in this invention, combined with the mound-raising method, enables mechanized shaping of the transverse mounds, improving their strength and reducing the workload for workers.

[0029] The embankment shovel first scrapes and pushes the soil at a 70-80° angle to form an initial pile, at which point one side of the pile has a regular sloping surface. Then, the top of the pile is leveled horizontally, forming a regular flat surface. Finally, the embankment shovel is swung to 100-110°, pressing the back side of the pile at an angle and then retreating 5-10cm to enhance compaction, creating a regular sloping surface on the back side of the pile. The resulting transverse embankment has a regular trapezoidal structure, narrower at the top and wider at the bottom, providing strong resistance to water flow impact. This process avoids voids or loose areas in the embankment, ensuring long-term stable water storage. Attached Figure Description

[0030] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the water storage area.

[0031] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the side structure of the membrane laying unit for ridge setting;

[0032] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the bottom structure of the membrane laying unit;

[0033] Figure 4 A schematic diagram of the bottom structure of the embankment-laying unit when the top of the soil pile is leveled by the embankment shovel;

[0034] Figure 5 A schematic diagram of the side structure of the sowing and sand covering unit;

[0035] Figure 6 A schematic diagram of the bottom structure of the sowing and sand-covering unit;

[0036] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the sand-covering mechanism;

[0037] In the attached diagram, 1. Mulch film, 2. Ventilation hole, 3. Longitudinal ridge, 4. Transverse ridge, 5. First frame, 6. Rotary tillage blade shaft, 7. Mulching roller, 8. Perforating roller, 9. Shaping roller, 10. Soil-collecting shovel, 11. Ridge-lifting shovel, 12. Swinging hydraulic cylinder, 13. Second frame, 14. Seeder, 15. Wet sand storage tank, 16. Sand-discharging wheel, 17. Sand-dropping pipe, 18. Sand-discharging trough, 19. Water storage tank, 20. Drainage pipe, 21. Stop valve, 22. Perforating cone, 23. Pressing film wheel. Detailed Implementation

[0038] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments:

[0039] Examples, such as Figure 1 As shown, this invention provides a method for efficient alfalfa cultivation in severely saline-alkali land to avoid salt and waterlogging, comprising the following steps:

[0040] S1. In April and May, build embankments in the field to construct water storage areas. Lay plastic film 1 to cover the entire water storage area and make evenly perforated holes 2 on the film 1 to form ventilation holes.

[0041] S2. Using the ventilation holes 2, salt leaching is carried out on the soil in the water storage area to store water during the rainy season.

[0042] S3. Between August 20 and September 10, remove the plastic film 1 and drill holes in the soil of the water storage area to form planting holes. Sow alfalfa seeds in the planting holes, and then cover the alfalfa seeds with wet sand to form an isolation layer.

[0043] In rain-fed dryland areas, alfalfa cultivation faces severe challenges. In spring, rainfall is extremely low. Irrigation leads to increased soil salinity due to evaporation, altering soil physicochemical properties and creating an unfavorable environment for seed germination and seedling growth. This makes both irrigation and sowing impossible at this time. While summer brings concentrated rainfall, spring drought continues to affect planting timing and germination rates. Traditional alfalfa cultivation techniques struggle to achieve full seedling emergence in severely saline-alkali soils, resulting in low germination rates and poor seedling growth, significantly hindering alfalfa cultivation and promotion in these areas.

[0044] Therefore, this invention provides a highly efficient alfalfa cultivation method for severely saline-alkali land to avoid salt and waterlogging. It utilizes summer rainwater leaching to reduce soil salinity and combines it with wet sand mulching to create a suitable germination environment, significantly improving the alfalfa emergence rate and achieving the goal of full seedling emergence.

[0045] From April to May, a water storage area is built on the embankment and a plastic film is laid to collect rainwater during the rainy season. On the one hand, the water storage in summer ensures sufficient soil moisture when planting alfalfa in the fall. On the other hand, the rainwater is used to wash the soil. The plastic film reduces water evaporation and prevents soil salt from rising due to evaporation, thus solving the problem of salt accumulation on the surface caused by irrigation during spring drought. The ventilation holes 2 allow rainwater to pass through and be collected in the water storage area, while also ensuring soil aeration and preventing oxygen deficiency.

[0046] Planting alfalfa seeds in late August or early September, after the rainy season, not only avoids summer flooding but also benefits from the abundant rainfall throughout the summer, which effectively leaches soil salinity. In saline-alkali soils, salinity decreases with water infiltration, preventing the harmful effects of high salt levels. Simultaneously, the accumulation of rainwater over several months ensures sufficient moisture in the water storage area, maintaining high soil humidity and providing adequate moisture for the initial growth of alfalfa seeds. After sowing alfalfa seeds in the planting holes, covering them with 2-3 cm of moist sand helps retain moisture, isolates them from the salt intrusion of surrounding high-salinity soil, and prevents soil compaction, providing a stable environment for seed germination.

[0047] The diameter of the ventilation hole 2 is 5-8mm, the density of ventilation holes 2 on the mulch film 1 is 20-30 holes / m2, the longitudinal ridge 3 of the water storage area is 2-3m apart, the transverse ridge 4 is 3-5m apart, and the ridge height of both the longitudinal ridge 3 and the transverse ridge 4 is 30-40cm.

[0048] If the pore size and density of the pores 2 are too small, it will lead to soil oxygen deficiency; if they are too large, it will accelerate water evaporation and cause salt to rise. The parameters of the pores 2 can ensure soil aeration while reducing ineffective evaporation.

[0049] The height of the embankments in the water storage area ensures that the area can collect enough water to meet the water requirements for leaching salts, while the embankment spacing ensures that rainwater is evenly distributed in each water storage area, achieving uniform leaching of soil salts and avoiding excessive local salinity.

[0050] The diameter of the planting hole is 3-5cm, the depth of the planting hole is 8-12cm, the spacing between adjacent planting holes is 15-30cm, and the moisture content of the wet sand is 60-70%.

[0051] The moisture content of the sand is such that it maintains the humidity required for seed germination without causing the seeds to rot due to excessive moisture. At the same time, the loose structure of the sand can prevent soil compaction and also prevent salt from the surrounding high-salt soil from migrating into the planting hole.

[0052] like Figure 2-4 As shown, the construction and mulching of the water storage area in step S1 adopts a ridge-raising and mulching unit. The ridge-raising and mulching unit includes a first frame 5 and a rotary tiller shaft 6, a soil pressing and shaping mechanism, a mulching roller 7, and a perforating roller 8 arranged sequentially on the first frame 5 along the travel direction.

[0053] The embankment-laying and membrane-laying unit in this invention realizes integrated operation of embankment-laying, membrane-laying, and perforation, improving construction efficiency, ensuring the standardization of the water storage area and the setting of the mulch film 1, and ensuring stable subsequent rainwater collection and salt leaching effects.

[0054] The perforating roller 8 has multiple sets of perforating cones 22 arranged in a ring array. The cone-shaped perforating cones 22 punch holes in the mulch film 1 at fixed intervals to ensure the uniform distribution of the air vents 2.

[0055] The rotary tiller shaft 6 pre-treats the soil to provide a loose base for ridging, the soil pressing and shaping mechanism shapes the ridges of the water storage area, the mulching roller 7 is used to lay the mulch film 1, and the perforating roller 8 directly forms ventilation holes 2 on the mulch film 1.

[0056] In addition, pressure rollers 23 are provided on both sides of the first frame 5. The pressure rollers 23 are coaxially arranged with the perforating rollers 8. The surface of the pressure rollers 23 is provided with anti-slip texture. By pressing the two sides of the ground film 1 with the pressure rollers 23, the ground film 1 can be tensioned to prevent it from loosening and collapsing, which would prevent the perforating rollers 8 from punching holes in the ground film 1. On the other hand, the pressure rollers 23 press the edges of the ground film 1 to 5-8cm below the ground surface to prevent the ground film 1 from being blown away by the wind during water storage.

[0057] The soil compaction and shaping mechanism includes a longitudinal ridge-raising component and a transverse ridge-raising component. The longitudinal ridge-raising component includes a shaping roller 9 and a soil-collecting shovel 10 located at the front end of the shaping roller 9. The shaping roller 9 is symmetrically arranged on both sides of the first frame 5. The soil-collecting shovel 10 is located between the two shaping rollers 9 and has a V-shaped plate structure. The soil in the water storage area is pushed to the front end of the shaping roller 9 in the direction of travel by the soil-collecting shovel 10. The transverse ridge-raising component includes a ridge-raising shovel 11 and a swing hydraulic cylinder 12. The ridge-raising shovel 11 is horizontally mounted at the bottom of the first frame 5 in a direction perpendicular to the direction of travel. The hinged end of the ridge-raising shovel 11 is hinged to the first frame 5, and the free end of the ridge-raising shovel 11 is hinged to the telescopic end of the swing hydraulic cylinder 12 and has the freedom of swing by means of the swing hydraulic cylinder 12.

[0058] The V-shaped soil-gathering shovel 10 can efficiently gather soil to the front end of the shaping roller 9. The shaping roller 9 shapes the longitudinal ridge 3 by pressing, making it regular in shape and solid in structure, and not easily washed away by rainwater.

[0059] The embankment shovel 11 in this invention can adjust its angle by swinging hydraulic cylinder 12, which can flexibly complete the soil scraping, leveling and pressing operations, and finally form a trapezoidal transverse embankment 4. The trapezoidal structure of the transverse embankment 4 has stronger impact resistance, ensuring the stability of the transverse embankment 4 and the reliability of the water storage area boundary, and avoiding being washed away by rainwater.

[0060] The specific method for constructing the embankment in the water storage area mentioned in step S1 is as follows:

[0061] S111, the traction machine pulls the first frame 5 forward, the soil-gathering shovel 10 gathers the soil in the middle area of ​​the water storage area to the front end of the shaping roller 9 in the direction of travel, and the shaping roller 9 presses and shapes the gathered soil at the front end to form a longitudinal ridge 3.

[0062] S121, the embankment shovel 11 is swung to an inclination of 70-80° with the direction of travel by means of the swing hydraulic cylinder 12, and the embankment shovel 11 is inserted into the soil of the water storage area and scrapes and pushes the soil to form a pile.

[0063] S122. After the embankment shovel 11 has traveled 3-5m with the tractor, the embankment shovel 11 swings to the horizontal position with the help of the swing hydraulic cylinder 12, and the embankment shovel 11 scrapes the top of the piled soil.

[0064] S123. After the embankment shovel 11 continues to travel 30-50cm with the tractor, the embankment shovel 11 swings to an inclination of 100-110° with the direction of travel by means of the swing hydraulic cylinder 12. The tractor retracts 5-10cm, and the embankment shovel 11 presses the back side of the piled soil. The piled soil forms a trapezoidal transverse embankment 4 by the scraping and pressing of the embankment shovel 11.

[0065] The transverse ridges 4 formed by existing integrated operation machines are mostly irregular strip-shaped mounds of soil. The transverse ridges 4 formed have poor resistance to rainwater impact and need to be shaped manually, which increases the workload of the staff.

[0066] The transverse ridge 4 component in this invention, combined with the ridge-building method, can achieve mechanized shaping of the transverse ridge 4, improve the strength of the transverse ridge 4, and reduce the workload of workers.

[0067] The shovel 11 first scrapes and pushes the soil at a 70-80° angle to form an initial pile, at which point one side of the pile has a regular sloping surface. Then, it horizontally scrapes and flattens the top of the pile, making the top of the pile a regular plane. Finally, the shovel 11 is swung to 100-110°, tilting and pressing the back side of the pile, and then retreating 5-10cm to enhance the compaction effect, forming a regular sloping surface on the back side of the pile. The resulting transverse embankment 4 has a regular trapezoidal structure that is narrower at the top and wider at the bottom, providing strong resistance to water flow impact. This prevents voids or loose areas from appearing in the embankment, ensuring that the transverse embankment 4 can hold water stably for a long time.

[0068] The bottom of the soil-collecting shovel 10 is 15-20cm below the ground surface, and when the ridge-raising shovel 11 is in a vertical position, the horizontal plane where its bottom is located is 5-8cm lower than the horizontal plane where the bottom of the soil-collecting shovel 10 is located.

[0069] The high and low positions of the soil-gathering shovel 10 and the embankment-lifting shovel 11 ensure that some of the soil in the water storage area is diverted to both sides to provide material for the formation of the longitudinal embankment 3, while some soil is scraped and pushed by the embankment-lifting shovel 11 to provide material for the formation of the transverse embankment 4.

[0070] like Figure 5-7 As shown, the alfalfa seed sowing and wet sand covering in step S2 adopts a sowing and sand covering unit. The sowing and sand covering unit includes a second frame 13 and a seeder 14 and a sand covering mechanism arranged sequentially on the second frame 13 along the traveling direction. The traveling trajectory of the output end of the seeder 14 coincides with the traveling trajectory of the output end of the sand covering mechanism.

[0071] The seeder 14 is a duckbill seeder 14, which can realize the simultaneous drilling of planting holes and sowing.

[0072] The seeder 14 and the sand covering mechanism operate along the same trajectory. After the seeds are sown into the planting holes, the wet sand is precisely covered over the seeds to avoid omissions or sand misalignment, ensuring that each planting hole is covered with wet sand. When the seeder 14 passes the transverse ridge 4, the seeder 14 can be stopped to prevent alfalfa seeds from being planted in the area of ​​the transverse ridge 4.

[0073] In addition, the planting spacing of seeds can be adjusted by changing the model of the seeder 14 and adjusting the distance between the seeder 14 and the sand covering mechanism.

[0074] The sand covering mechanism includes a wet sand storage tank 15 and a sand discharge wheel 16. The bottom of the wet sand storage tank 15 is connected to a sand discharge pipe 17. The sand discharge wheel 16 is rotatably connected to the sand discharge pipe 17. Multiple sets of sand discharge troughs 18 are arranged in a ring array on the sand discharge wheel 16. The wet sand in the sand discharge troughs 18 is thrown to the output end of the sand discharge pipe 17 by the rotation of the sand discharge wheel 16 and covers the alfalfa seeds. The output end of the sand discharge pipe 17 forms the output end of the sand covering mechanism.

[0075] The sand-discharging troughs 18 of the sand-discharging wheel 16 are arranged in a ring array, and each sand-discharging trough 18 is the same size. The rotation of the sand-discharging wheel 16 can quantitatively transport wet sand. The wet sand is directed into the planting hole along the sand-falling pipe 17, so as to achieve controllable sand covering amount and precise position. This structure realizes the standardization and mechanization of sand covering, ensuring that the covering thickness of each seed is consistent.

[0076] The sand covering mechanism also includes a humidifier, which includes a water storage tank 19 and a drain pipe 20 connected to the bottom of the water storage tank 19. The travel trajectory of the drain pipe 20 coincides with the travel trajectory of the sand falling pipe 17, and a shut-off valve 21 is provided at the output end of the drain pipe 20.

[0077] Since the sowing takes place during hot weather and the operation time is relatively long, the moisture in the wet sand may evaporate and the moisture content may decrease in the later stage of the operation. At this time, it is necessary to open the shut-off valve 21 and replenish the moisture in the wet sand in real time through the humidifier to maintain its optimal moisture content of 60-70%, so as to ensure the stable water retention and salt isolation effect of the wet sand and avoid the deterioration of the germination environment due to water loss.

[0078] The drain pipe 20 of the humidifier coincides with the trajectory of the sand drop pipe 17, which ensures that water falls onto the wet sand for replenishment.

[0079] II. Production Trial

[0080] In the comparative study, alfalfa seeds were planted using conventional methods, without digging pits to store water on the saline-alkali land. Instead, they were planted directly in August by drilling holes in the saline-alkali land.

[0081] Alfalfa was planted using the planting methods described in the embodiments and comparative examples of this invention. The embodiments and comparative examples used the same field management parameters (including weeding, fertilization, pest and disease control, and mowing) during the alfalfa growth period. The emergence rate and yield of alfalfa in the embodiments and comparative examples were recorded respectively. The data are shown in Table 1.

[0082] Table 1

[0083]

[0084] As can be seen from Table 1, in the example, because the water storage area stores rainwater and leaches salt into the soil in April and May, the soil salinity has been significantly reduced when sowing in August. In addition, the wet sand continues to retain water, so the seeds germinate without salt stress, resulting in fast emergence and high emergence rate, which in turn increases the yield of alfalfa per mu.

[0085] In the comparison, without water retention treatment, the soil salinity remained high, and the seeds had to overcome the high-salt environment to germinate, extending the emergence period to 16-20 days. At the same time, salt damage caused a large number of seeds to die, with an emergence rate of only 45%. Furthermore, residual salt damage inhibited alfalfa root development and photosynthesis, resulting in stunted plants and affecting alfalfa yield.

Claims

1. A method for efficient alfalfa cultivation in severely saline-alkali land to avoid salt and waterlogging, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1. In April and May, build embankments in the field to construct a water storage area. Lay plastic film (1) over the entire water storage area and make even holes in the film (1) to form ventilation holes (2). S2. Using the ventilation holes (2), salt leaching is carried out on the soil in the water storage area during the rainy season to store water; S3. Between August 20 and September 10, remove the mulch film (1) and make holes in the soil of the water storage area to form planting holes. Sow alfalfa seeds in the planting holes and then cover the alfalfa seeds with wet sand to form an isolation layer.

2. The method for efficient alfalfa cultivation in severely saline-alkali land to avoid salt and waterlogging, as described in claim 1, is characterized in that... The diameter of the ventilation hole (2) is 5-8mm, the density of the ventilation hole (2) on the mulch film (1) is 20-30 holes / m2, the distance between adjacent longitudinal ridges (3) in the water storage area is 2-3m, the distance between adjacent transverse ridges (4) is 3-5m, and the height of both the longitudinal ridge (3) and the transverse ridge (4) is 30-40cm.

3. The method for efficient alfalfa cultivation in severely saline-alkali land to avoid salt and waterlogging, as described in claim 1, is characterized in that... The diameter of the planting hole is 3-5cm, the depth of the planting hole is 8-12cm, the spacing between adjacent planting holes is 15-30cm, and the moisture content of the wet sand is 60-70%.

4. The method for efficient alfalfa cultivation in severely saline-alkali land to avoid salt and waterlogging, as described in claim 1, is characterized in that... The construction and mulching of the water storage area in step S1 is carried out by a ridge-raising and mulching unit. The ridge-raising and mulching unit includes a first frame (5) and a rotary tiller shaft (6), a soil pressing and shaping mechanism, a mulching roller (7) and a perforating roller (8) arranged sequentially on the first frame (5) along the direction of travel.

5. The method for efficient alfalfa cultivation in severely saline-alkali land to avoid salt and waterlogging, as described in claim 4, is characterized in that... The soil compaction and shaping mechanism includes a longitudinal ridge-raising component and a transverse ridge-raising component. The longitudinal ridge-raising component includes a shaping roller (9) and a soil-collecting shovel (10) located at the front end of the shaping roller (9). The shaping roller (9) is symmetrically arranged on both sides of the first frame (5). The soil-collecting shovel (10) is located between the travel paths of the two shaping rollers (9). The soil-collecting shovel (10) has a V-shaped plate structure. The soil in the water storage area is pushed to the designated position by the soil-collecting shovel (10). At the front end of the traveling direction of the roller (9), the transverse ridge-raising assembly includes a ridge-raising shovel (11) and a swing hydraulic cylinder (12). The ridge-raising shovel (11) is horizontally mounted at the bottom of the first frame (5) in a direction perpendicular to the traveling direction. The hinged end of the ridge-raising shovel (11) is hinged to the first frame (5), and the free end of the ridge-raising shovel (11) is hinged to the telescopic end of the swing hydraulic cylinder (12) and has the freedom to swing by means of the swing hydraulic cylinder (12).

6. The method for efficient alfalfa cultivation in severely saline-alkali land to avoid salt and waterlogging, as described in claim 5, is characterized in that... The specific method for constructing the embankment in the water storage area mentioned in step S1 is as follows: S111, the traction machine pulls the first frame (5) forward, the soil shovel (10) gathers the soil in the middle area of ​​the water storage area to the front end of the shaping roller (9) in the direction of travel, and the shaping roller (9) presses and shapes the gathered soil at the front end to form a longitudinal ridge (3). S121, The ridge shovel (11) is swung to an angle of 70-80° with the direction of travel by means of the swing hydraulic cylinder (12), and the ridge shovel (11) is inserted into the soil of the water storage area and scrapes and pushes the soil to form a pile; S122. When the embankment shovel (11) travels 3-5m with the tractor, the embankment shovel (11) swings to the horizontal direction with the help of the swing hydraulic cylinder (12), and the embankment shovel (11) scrapes the top of the piled soil. S123. When the embankment shovel (11) continues to travel 30-50cm with the tractor, the embankment shovel (11) swings to an angle of 100-110° with the direction of travel by means of the swing hydraulic cylinder (12), the tractor retracts 5-10cm, the embankment shovel (11) presses the back side of the piled soil, and the piled soil forms a trapezoidal transverse embankment (4) by means of the scraping and pressing of the embankment shovel (11).

7. A method for efficient alfalfa cultivation in severely saline-alkali land to avoid salt and waterlogging, as described in claim 6, is characterized in that... The bottom of the soil-collecting shovel (10) is 15-20cm below the ground surface, and when the ridge-raising shovel (11) is vertical, the horizontal plane where its bottom is located is 5-8cm lower than the horizontal plane where the bottom of the soil-collecting shovel (10) is located.

8. The method for efficient alfalfa cultivation in severely saline-alkali land to avoid salt and waterlogging, as described in claim 1, is characterized in that... The alfalfa seed sowing and wet sand covering in step S2 adopts a sowing and sand covering unit. The sowing and sand covering unit includes a second frame (13) and a seeder (14) and a sand covering mechanism arranged sequentially on the second frame (13) along the travel direction. The travel trajectory of the output end of the seeder (14) coincides with the travel trajectory of the output end of the sand covering mechanism.

9. A method for efficient alfalfa cultivation in severely saline-alkali land to avoid salt and waterlogging, as described in claim 8, is characterized in that... The sand covering mechanism includes a wet sand storage tank (15) and a sand discharge wheel (16). The bottom of the wet sand storage tank (15) is connected to a sand discharge pipe (17). The sand discharge wheel (16) is rotatably connected to the sand discharge pipe (17). Multiple sand discharge troughs (18) are arranged in a ring array on the sand discharge wheel (16). The wet sand in the sand discharge troughs (18) is thrown to the output end of the sand discharge pipe (17) by the rotation of the sand discharge wheel (16) and covers the alfalfa seeds. The output end of the sand discharge pipe (17) forms the output end of the sand covering mechanism.

10. A method for efficient alfalfa cultivation in severely saline-alkali land to avoid salt and waterlogging, as described in claim 9, is characterized in that... The sand covering mechanism also includes a humidifier, which includes a water storage tank (19) and a drain pipe (20) connected to the bottom of the water storage tank (19). The travel trajectory of the drain pipe (20) coincides with the travel trajectory of the sand falling pipe (17). A shut-off valve (21) is provided at the output end of the drain pipe (20).

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