A high-efficiency purification and separation system for rare earth electrolysis flue gas

Abstract

The present application relates to the technical field of flue gas purification, and discloses a high-efficiency purification and separation system for rare earth electrolysis flue gas, which comprises a skirt, and a bottom cover is arranged on the skirt; a first pipe section is arranged on the bottom cover, the first pipe section is provided with a first carrier plate, and a bubble cap is arranged on a ventilation hole of the first carrier plate; a second pipe section is arranged on the upper end of the first pipe section, and a fluidized bed is formed by flue gas and a catalyst in the second pipe section; a third pipe section is arranged on the upper end of the second pipe section, and a top cover is arranged on the third pipe section; the outer side wall of the first pipe section is provided with a first branch pipe, a centrifugal fan is connected to the first branch pipe, the centrifugal fan is connected with a first flue, the first flue is connected with a second flue, and the second flue is connected with a flue valve; the flue valve is connected with a third flue, the third flue is connected with a rotary joint assembly, the rotary joint assembly is driven to rotate through a first telescopic rod, the rotary joint assembly is connected with a fourth flue, and the fourth flue is connected with a smoke collecting hood; the present application improves the flue gas purification and separation efficiency as a whole, is suitable for complex working conditions, and reduces maintenance cost and energy consumption.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of flue gas purification technology, and in particular to a high-efficiency purification and separation system for rare earth electrolysis flue gas. Background Technology

[0002] Currently, molten salt electrolysis is widely used in the large-scale production of rare earth metals and alloys. Its molten salt electrolyte is primarily a fluoride salt system, and the electrolysis temperature reaches over 1000 degrees Celsius. During electrolysis, large amounts of CO and CO2 are generated at the anode. Especially under high-temperature conditions, the fluoride salt electrolysis system causes significant emissions of fluoride-containing gases, such as H2O from raw materials and the air reacting with fluorides to form HF gas, and the large-scale volatilization of fluoride salts at high temperatures. These emissions pollute the atmospheric environment.

[0003] Existing rare earth electrolysis flue gas purification systems have shortcomings: the flue gas collection device is a fixed structure, which makes it difficult to flexibly adjust according to the actual position of the flue gas outlet of the electrolysis furnace, resulting in a limited flue gas collection range, some flue gas easily escaping, and low flue gas collection efficiency; in addition, it forms structural interference with the electrolysis furnace cover, making it difficult to disassemble and assemble the furnace cover. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to provide a highly efficient purification and separation system for rare earth electrolysis flue gas, solving the problem of the inability to adjust the smoke collection hood mentioned in the background art.

[0005] The technical solution adopted in this invention is as follows: A high-efficiency purification and separation system for rare earth electrolysis flue gas includes a skirt base, a bottom cover on the skirt base, and a flue gas discharge pipe at the lower end of the bottom cover; a first pipe section is provided on the bottom cover, and an annular seat is connected inside the first pipe section; a first carrier plate is provided on the annular seat, and the surface of the first carrier plate has evenly arranged vent holes, with bubble caps installed on the vent holes; a second pipe section is provided at the upper end of the first pipe section. The second pipe section serves as a reaction chamber, allowing the flue gas and catalyst to form a fluidized bed. A third pipe section is located at the upper end of the second pipe section, with a top cover and a gas exhaust pipe on the top cover. A first branch pipe is located on the outer wall of the first pipe section, below the ring seat, and connected to a centrifugal fan. The inlet of the centrifugal fan is connected to a first flue, and the inlet end of the first flue is connected to a second flue. The inlet end of the second flue is connected to a flue valve. The inlet end of the flue valve is connected to a third flue, and the inlet end of the third flue is connected to a rotating joint assembly, which is driven to rotate by a first telescopic rod. The inlet end of the rotating joint assembly is connected to a fourth flue, and the inlet end of the fourth flue is connected to a smoke collection hood, which collects the flue gas generated by the electrolytic furnace.

[0006] The piston end of the first telescopic rod has a rotating seat, which is connected to the second articulated arm; the tail end of the first telescopic rod has a cylinder seat.

[0007] The smoke hood is trough-shaped, with an outer wall that is curved and the port that is sloping upwards.

[0008] The end face of the second carrier is connected to a first truncated cone, the diameter of which is smaller than that of the second carrier. The first truncated cone is connected to a second truncated cone via an adjusting bolt, with the smaller diameter sections of the first and second truncated cones facing each other. The center of the spline shaft has a circular hole, in which an adjusting rod is installed. An adjusting nut is threaded onto the adjusting rod. The adjusting rod passes through the second carrier and is connected to the adjusting bolt. A ring spring is installed in the V-shaped opening formed by the first and second truncated cones. At least six steel balls are connected to the ring spring, and telescopic blocks are connected to the steel balls. Blind holes arranged at equal angles are opened on the telescopic blocks, and a third spring is installed in each blind hole. A scraper is connected to the free end of the third spring, and the scraper is slidably connected to the blind hole. A second bristle is connected to the end of the scraper located outside the second carrier. The telescopic blocks are guided by a guide ring, which is slidably adapted to the first and second truncated cones. The guide ring has a groove for the telescopic blocks to slide.

[0009] The first and second articulated arms are equipped with slag discharge pipes, which correspond to the annular groove. The lower end of the slag discharge pipe is connected to a slag discharge valve, and the side wall of the slag discharge valve is connected to a first cover plate. The first cover plate is connected to a second cover plate via a hinge, and the second cover plate is used to close the lower end of the slag discharge valve. A fifth telescopic rod is hinged to the first cover plate, and the free end of the fifth telescopic rod is hinged to an ear seat, which is connected to the second cover plate.

[0010] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows: This high-efficiency purification and separation system for rare earth electrolysis flue gas, through a combination of a fume hood and an arc-shaped hood, can accurately collect electrolytic furnace flue gas and avoid interference from electrode rods, thus improving fume collection efficiency; the rotating joint assembly can flexibly adjust its angle under the drive of the first telescopic rod, while the slag scraping assembly driven by the fourth telescopic rod, in conjunction with the slag discharge pipe and automatic slag discharge valve, effectively removes the accumulation of dust inside the shaft tube, ensuring flexible joint rotation and airtightness; the constricted structure of the second pipe section enables the flue gas and catalyst to form a stable fluidized bed, improving gas-solid reaction efficiency; the bubble cap on the first carrier plate prevents the catalyst from falling off, and the cap... The integrated unblocking rod, driven by the second telescopic rod, can automatically clear blockages in the annular plate flue holes, ensuring uniform ventilation. The labyrinthine heat exchange tubes on the outer side of the fourth flue, in conjunction with the heat exchange jacket on the inner wall of the flue hood, can adjust the flue gas temperature to the optimal reaction range of the catalyst, recovering waste heat to achieve energy saving. At the same time, the catalyst unloading pipe of the first section, the catalyst adding pipe of the second section, and the catalyst outlet of the third section enable online replenishment and replacement of the catalyst without shutdown, ensuring continuous and stable operation of the system. Overall, it significantly improves the purification and separation efficiency of rare earth electrolysis flue gas, adapts to complex working conditions, and reduces maintenance costs and energy consumption. Attached Figure Description

[0011] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the main view structure of this application.

[0012] Figure 2 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of this application.

[0013] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the front cross-sectional structure of the first carrier plate.

[0014] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the front view cross-section of the manhole.

[0015] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the first carrier plate.

[0016] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the main cross-sectional structure of the short pipe.

[0017] Figure 7 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the rotary joint assembly.

[0018] Figure 8 This is a side view sectional diagram of the shaft tube.

[0019] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the shaft tube.

[0020] Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the smoke hood.

[0021] Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram of the front cross-sectional structure of the first sliding rod.

[0022] Figure 12 This is a schematic diagram of the front cross-sectional structure of the drain cleaning rod.

[0023] Figure 13 This is a schematic diagram of the front cross-sectional structure of the connecting rod.

[0024] Figure 14 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the first link.

[0025] Figure 15 This is a schematic diagram of the main cross-sectional structure of the heat exchanger tube.

[0026] Figure 16 This is a top view of the partition structure.

[0027] Figure 17 This is a schematic diagram of the main structure of the first support.

[0028] Figure 18 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the third link.

[0029] Figure 19 This is a top view of the curved cover structure.

[0030] Figure 20This is a top-view cross-sectional structural diagram of the slag scraper assembly.

[0031] Figure 21 This is a side view cross-sectional diagram of the slag scraper ring.

[0032] Figure 22 This is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of a spline shaft.

[0033] Figure 23 This is a side view sectional diagram of the spline shaft.

[0034] Figure 24 This is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the second carrier.

[0035] Figure 25 This is a schematic diagram of the front cross-sectional structure of the scraper head.

[0036] Figure 26 This is a side view sectional diagram of the first truncated cone.

[0037] Figure 27 This is a side view sectional diagram of the first and second frustums.

[0038] Figure 28 This is a schematic diagram of the front cross-sectional structure of the steel ball.

[0039] Figure 29 This is a schematic diagram of the front cross-sectional structure of the telescopic block.

[0040] Figure 30 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the slag discharge pipe.

[0041] Figure 31 This is a schematic diagram of the front cross-sectional structure of the ear seat.

[0042] In the diagram: 1. Skirt; 2. Flange; 3. Bottom cover; 4. Dust discharge pipe; 5. First pipe section; 6. Ring seat; 7. Electrolytic furnace; 8. First carrier plate; 9. Vent hole; 10. Bubble cap; 11. Second pipe section; 12. Third pipe section; 13. Top cover; 14. Gas discharge pipe; 15. First branch pipe; 16. Centrifugal fan; 17. First flue; 18. Second flue; 19. Flue valve; 20. Third flue; 21. Rotary joint assembly; 22. First telescopic rod; 23. Fourth flue; 24. Smoke hood; 25. Catalyst unloading pipe; 26. Catalyst adding pipe; 27. Catalyst outlet; 28. Manhole; 29. ​​Vent pipe; 30. Short pipe; 31. Annular plate; 32. Smoke hole; 33. Cap body; 34. First articulated arm; 35. Second articulated arm; 36. Flue gas outlet; 37. Flue gas inlet; 38. Shaft hole; 39. Shaft tube; 40. End cap; 41. Annular groove; 42. Through hole; 43. Sealing ring groove; 44. Sealing ring body; 45. Rotary seat; 46. Cylinder seat; 47. First slide rod; 48. First carrier; 49. First spring; 50. Unblocking rod; 51. Annular bar; 52. Connecting rod; 53. First hinge seat; 54. First connecting rod; 55. Second connecting rod; 56. Second hinge seat; 57. Second telescopic rod; 58. Ring cap; 59. Heat exchange tube; 60. First air inlet pipe; 61. First air outlet pipe; 62. Baffle plate; 63. First half ring; 64. Second half ring; 65. Second air inlet pipe; 66. Second exhaust pipe; 67. Heat exchange jacket; 68. First support; 69. Third connecting rod; 70. Second support; 71. Arc-shaped cover; 72. Fourth connecting rod; 73. Third support; 74. Fourth support; 75. Third telescopic rod; 76. Push rod; 77. Short rod; 78. Slider; 79. First guide rail; 80. Fourth telescopic rod; 81. Slag scraper assembly; 82. Second carrier; 83. Scraper seat; 84. Telescopic groove; 85. Slag scraper ring; 86. Second spring; 87. First brush bristles; 88. Tube seat; 89. First bearing plate; 90. Housing; 91. Worm gear; 92. Worm wheel; 93. First motor; 94. Splined shaft; 95. Positioning pin; 96. Sleeve; 97. Second bearing plate; 98. 99. Second guide rail; 100. First slide block; 101. Moving table; 102. Bearing seat; 103. Ball bearing slide; 104. Third bearing plate; 105. Lead screw; 106. Second motor; 107. Blind hole; 108. Third spring; 109. Scraper head; 110. Second brush bristles; 111. First cone; 112. Adjusting bolt; 113. Second cone; 114. Round hole; 115. Adjusting rod; 116. Adjusting nut; 117. Ring spring; 118. Steel ball; 119. Telescopic block; 120. Guide ring; 121. Slag discharge pipe; 122. Slag discharge valve; 123. First cover plate; 124. Hinge; 125. Second cover plate; 126. Fifth telescopic rod; 127. Ear seat. Detailed Implementation

[0043] The embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below. Examples of these embodiments are shown in the accompanying drawings, wherein the same or similar reference numerals denote the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar functions throughout. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary and are only used to explain the present invention, and should not be construed as limiting the present invention.

[0044] In the description of this invention, it should be understood that the terms "center," "longitudinal," "lateral," "length," "width," "thickness," "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," "outer," "clockwise," "counterclockwise," "axial," "radial," and "circumferential" indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are used only for the convenience of describing this invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this invention.

[0045] Furthermore, the terms “first,” “second,” “third,” “fourth,” “fifth,” “sixth,” “seventh,” “eighth,” “ninth,” and “tenth” are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features indicated.

[0046] In the description of this invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "installation", "connection", and "joining" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention based on the specific circumstances.

[0047] like Figure 1-3As shown in Embodiment 1, a high-efficiency purification and separation system for rare earth electrolysis flue gas includes a skirt base 1, a bottom cover 3 connected to the skirt base 1 via a flange 2, and a flue gas discharge pipe 4 at the lower end of the bottom cover 3; a first pipe section 5 connected to the bottom cover 3 via a flange 2, and an annular seat 6 connected inside the first pipe section 5; a first carrier plate 8 connected to the annular seat 6 via bolts, the surface of the first carrier plate 8 having uniformly arranged vent holes 9, and bubble caps 10 installed on the vent holes 9, which prevent the catalyst from entering below the first carrier plate 8; a second pipe section 11 connected to the upper end of the first pipe section 5 via a flange 2, the second pipe section 11 having a two-end constricted structure, the second pipe section 11 serving as a reaction chamber, allowing the flue gas and catalyst to form a fluidized bed; a third pipe section 12 connected to the upper end of the second pipe section 11 via a flange 2, the third pipe section 12... A top cover 13 is connected to the upper part via flange 2, and a gas exhaust pipe 14 is provided on the top cover 13; a first branch pipe 15 is provided on the outer wall of the first pipe section 5, the first branch pipe 15 is located below the ring seat 6, the first branch pipe 15 is connected to a centrifugal fan 16, the air inlet of the centrifugal fan 16 is connected to a first flue 17, the smoke inlet end of the first flue 17 is connected to a second flue 18, the smoke inlet end of the second flue 18 is connected to a flue valve 19; the smoke inlet end of the flue valve 19 is connected to a third flue 20, the smoke inlet end of the third flue 20 is connected to a rotating joint assembly 21, the rotating joint assembly 21 is driven to rotate by a first telescopic rod 22; the smoke inlet end of the rotating joint assembly 21 is connected to a fourth flue 23, the smoke inlet end of the fourth flue 23 is connected to a smoke collection hood 24, the smoke collection hood 24 is used to collect the flue gas generated by the electrolytic furnace 7. Technical problems that can be solved: The smoke collection device is a fixed structure, making it difficult to flexibly adjust according to the actual position of the flue gas outlet 36 of the electrolytic furnace 7. This results in a limited smoke collection range, with some flue gas easily escaping and low smoke collection efficiency. Furthermore, it causes structural interference with the furnace cover of the electrolytic furnace 7, making it difficult to disassemble and assemble the furnace cover. Movement process: The flue gas generated by the electrolytic furnace 7 is collected by the smoke collection hood 24 and passes sequentially through the fourth flue 23, the rotating joint assembly 21, the third flue 20, the flue valve 19, the second flue 18, and the first flue 17. It is then sent to the first branch pipe 15 by the centrifugal fan 16, enters the lower part of the first pipe section 5, passes through the vent hole 9 of the first carrier plate 8, and enters the second pipe section 11. After the flue gas reacts with the catalyst, it is discharged from the gas discharge pipe 14 on the top cover 13, and the dust is discharged from the dust discharge pipe 4 on the bottom cover 3. Beneficial effects: The bubble cap 10 can effectively prevent the catalyst from entering below the first carrier plate 8. The constricted structure of the second pipe section 11 enables the flue gas and catalyst to form a fluidized bed, improving the reaction efficiency. The rotating joint assembly 21 can flexibly adjust the angle to ensure that the flue gas hood 24 efficiently collects the flue gas, overcoming the structural interference problem with the furnace cover.

[0048] like Figure 4As shown, as an optimization of Embodiment 1, the first pipe section 5 has a catalyst discharge pipe 25; the catalyst discharge pipe 25 is located above the first carrier plate 8; the second pipe section 11 has a catalyst addition pipe 26; the third pipe section 12 has a catalyst outlet 27; the third pipe section 12 has a manhole 28; and the top cover 13 has a vent pipe 29. Technical problems solved: inconvenient catalyst addition, unloading, and discharge operations; difficult maintenance of the third pipe section 12; and inability to quickly vent the system in emergency situations. Beneficial effects: convenient catalyst addition, unloading, and discharge processes; convenient manhole 28 for inspection and maintenance of the third pipe section 12; and vent pipe 29 ensures safe operation of the system in emergency situations.

[0049] like Figure 5-6 As shown, as an optimization of Embodiment 1, the bubble cap 10 includes a short tube 30 disposed on the vent hole 9, an annular plate 31 connected to the upper side wall of the short tube 30, and smoke holes 32 arranged at equal angles on the annular plate 31; a cap body 33 is connected to the side wall of the annular plate 31. Technical problem solved: The vent hole 9 is easily blocked by debris, resulting in uneven flow of smoke when passing through the vent hole 9. Beneficial effect: The equal-angle arrangement of the smoke holes 32 on the annular plate 31 ensures uniform smoke flow, and the cap body 33, in cooperation with the annular plate 31, reduces the blockage of the smoke holes 32 by debris, ensuring smooth ventilation.

[0050] like Figure 7-9 As shown, as an optimization of Embodiment 1, the rotary joint assembly 21 includes a first joint arm 34 connected to the third flue 20 and a second joint arm 35 connected to the fourth flue 23. The first joint arm 34 has a flue gas outlet 36, and the second joint arm 35 has a flue gas inlet 37. The first joint arm 34 and the second joint arm 35 have shaft holes 38, which are perpendicular to the flue gas inlet 37 and the flue gas outlet 36. A shaft tube 39 is rotatably connected to the shaft hole 38. The shaft tube 39 is a hollow structure, and end caps 40 are connected to the two end faces of the shaft tube 39. The side wall of the shaft tube 39 has two annular grooves 41, which correspond to the flue gas inlet 37 and the flue gas outlet 36. The annular grooves 41 are provided with through holes 42 communicating with the shaft tube 39. The four through holes 42 are arranged at equal angles. The side wall of the shaft tube 39 has a sealing ring groove 43, and a sealing ring body 44 is installed in the sealing ring groove 43. Technical problems that can be solved: Poor sealing performance of the rotating joint leads to flue gas leakage, and insufficient stability of flue gas flow during rotation. Movement process: Flue gas enters the flue gas inlet 37 of the second joint arm 35 from the fourth flue duct 23, passes through the annular groove 41 and through hole 42 on the shaft tube 39 corresponding to the flue gas inlet 37 and outlet, and enters the flue gas outlet 36 of the first joint arm 34. The shaft tube 39 rotates through the shaft hole 38, and the sealing ring body 44 achieves sealing. Beneficial effects: The hollow structure of the shaft tube 39, in conjunction with the annular groove 41 and through hole 42, ensures stable flue gas flow during rotation, and the sealing ring body 44 enhances sealing performance, preventing flue gas leakage.

[0051] like Figure 10 As shown, as an optimization of Embodiment 1, the piston end of the first telescopic rod 22 has a rotating seat 45, which is connected to the second joint arm 35; the tail end of the first telescopic rod 22 has a cylinder seat 46. Technical problem solved: The rotation drive structure of the rotary joint assembly 21 is unstable, and the angle adjustment accuracy is insufficient. Beneficial effect: The cooperation between the rotating seat 45 and the cylinder seat 46 makes the rotation of the rotary joint assembly 21 more stable, allowing for precise adjustment of the smoke collection angle of the smoke collection hood 24 and improving the smoke collection effect.

[0052] like Figure 10 As shown, as an optimization of Embodiment 1, the smoke hood 24 is groove-shaped, with an outer curved wall and a sloping port that slopes upwards. Technical problems solved: The smoke hood 24 has a small smoke collection area, allowing smoke to escape easily; the unreasonable port structure affects collection efficiency. Beneficial effects: The groove-shaped structure, curved outer wall, and sloping port design increase the smoke collection area, reduce smoke escape, and improve smoke collection efficiency.

[0053] like Figure 11-14As shown, as an optimization of Embodiment 1, a first sliding rod 47 is slidably connected to the top surface of the cap body 33. A first carrier 48 is connected to the first sliding rod 47 located inside the cap body 33. A first spring 49 is sleeved on the side wall of the first sliding rod 47, and the first spring 49 is located between the first carrier 48 and the cap body 33 in an elastic connection manner. Unblocking rods 50 arranged at equal angles are connected to the side wall of the first carrier 48. The unblocking rods 50 correspond to the smoke holes 32 on the annular plate 31. In the initial state, the unblocking rods 50 are located above the smoke holes 32. Several first sliding rods 47 are connected in series through annular strips 51. The annular bars 51 of the ring are connected in series by connecting rods 52. A first hinge seat 53 is connected to the center point of the connecting rod 52. Two sets of symmetrically arranged first connecting rods 54 are hinged to the first hinge seat 53. A second connecting rod 55 is hinged to the free end of each first connecting rod 54. The hinge point of the first connecting rod 54 is located at the midpoint of the second connecting rod 55. The second connecting rods 55 on both sides are hinged together, forming a rhomboid structure. A second hinge seat 56 is hinged to the free end of each connecting rod. A second telescopic rod 57 is connected to the second hinge seat 56 and is connected to the first pipe section 5. The technical problem that can be solved is that the smoke holes 32 on the annular plate 31 are easily clogged, requiring cumbersome manual unclogging, which affects the flow of flue gas and purification efficiency. Movement Process: The second telescopic rod 57 drives the second hinge seat 56, which in turn moves the second connecting rod 55 and the first connecting rod 54. Through the first hinge seat 53, connecting rod 52, and annular bar 51, the first sliding rod 47 slides up and down. The first sliding rod 47 then moves the first carrier 48 and the unblocking rod 50 up and down to unblock the smoke hole 32. The first spring 49 provides the restoring force. Beneficial Effects: The unblocking rod 50 automatically unblocks the smoke hole 32, preventing blockage and ensuring smooth smoke flow. The diamond-shaped structure provides stable transmission, and the first spring 49 automatically resets the smoke hole without manual intervention, maintaining purification efficiency.

[0054] like Figure 15 and 16As shown, as an optimization of Embodiment 1, the outer wall of the fourth flue 23 is connected to two ring covers 58, and a heat exchange tube 59 is connected between the two ring covers 58. The side wall of the heat exchange tube 59 has a first air inlet pipe 60 and a first air outlet pipe 61. A partition 62 is connected inside the heat exchange tube 59, which divides the heat exchange tube 59 into upper and lower air chambers. The lower chamber is used for air intake, and the upper chamber is used for air outlet. The outer wall of the fourth flue 23 is connected to a first semi-ring 63 arranged at equal intervals, and the inner wall of the heat exchange tube 59 is connected to a second semi-ring 64 arranged at equal intervals. The positions of the second semi-ring 64 and the first semi-ring 63 are staggered, so that the heat exchange air forms a labyrinthine flow path. A second air inlet pipe 65 and a second air outlet pipe 66 are connected to one of the ring covers 58. The inner wall of the smoke collection hood 24 is connected to a heat exchange jacket 67, which communicates with the second air inlet pipe 65 and the second air outlet pipe 66. Technical problems that can be solved: Excessively high flue gas temperature can easily damage downstream equipment, and waste heat. Movement process: The heat exchange medium enters the lower gas chamber of heat exchange tube 59 through the first inlet pipe 60, then enters the heat exchange jacket 67 of the smoke hood 24 through the second inlet pipe 65, and is discharged into the upper gas chamber through the second outlet pipe 66, and then discharged through the first outlet pipe 61; the first semi-ring 63 on the outer side of the fourth flue duct 23 intersects with the second semi-ring 64 on the inner wall of the heat exchange tube 59, creating a labyrinthine flow path for the heat exchange gas. Beneficial effects: The heat exchange tube 59 and the heat exchange jacket 67 pre-cool the flue gas, protecting downstream equipment; the labyrinthine flow path increases the heat exchange area and improves heat exchange efficiency.

[0055] like Figure 17-19As shown, as an optimization of Embodiment 1, a first support 68 is installed on the top and bottom surfaces of the smoke collection hood 24. Two symmetrically arranged third connecting rods 69 are rotatably connected to the first support 68. The free ends of the third connecting rods 69 are hinged to a second support 70. An arc-shaped cover 71 is fixedly connected to the second support 70. The arc-shaped cover 71 is used to assist in the collection of flue gas. The two arc-shaped covers 71 and the smoke collection hood 24 form a ring structure and do not affect the insertion of the electrode rod into the electrolysis furnace 7. Two symmetrically arranged fourth connecting rods 72 are rotatably connected to the first support 68. The free ends of the fourth connecting rods 72 are hinged to the third connecting rods 69. Support 73, the third support 73 is connected to the arc-shaped cover 71; the first support 68 located above the smoke collection hood 24 is connected to the fourth support 74, the fourth support 74 is equipped with the third telescopic rod 75, the piston end of the third telescopic rod 75 is connected to the push rod 76, the push rod 76 is H-shaped; the side wall of the third connecting rod 69 is connected to the short rod 77, the short rod 77 is adapted to the push rod 76, and the push rod 76 drives the third connecting rod 69 to rotate; the bottom surface of the push rod 76 is connected to the slider 78, the slider 78 is slidably connected to the first guide rail 79, the first guide rail 79 is connected to the first support 68. Technical problems that can be solved: the smoke collection hood 24 has a limited collection range, and the electrode rod interferes with the smoke collection operation when inserted into the electrolysis furnace 7. Movement Process: The third telescopic rod 75 drives the H-shaped push rod 76, which in turn drives the third connecting rod 69 to rotate via the short rod 77. The third connecting rod 69 and the fourth connecting rod 72 then unfold the second support 70, the third support 73, and the arc-shaped cover 71. The two arc-shaped covers 71 and the smoke collection cover 24 form a ring structure, which does not affect the insertion of the electrode rod and reduces the space occupied when retracted. Beneficial Effects: The unfolding of the arc-shaped cover 71 expands the smoke collection range and improves collection efficiency. The ring structure avoids the electrode rod insertion path, and the push rod 76, in conjunction with the guide rail, ensures stable and reliable movement of the arc-shaped cover 71.

[0056] like Figure 20 and 21As shown, as an optimization of Embodiment 1, a fourth telescopic rod 80 is connected to one of the end caps 40. The piston end of the fourth telescopic rod 80 extends into the cavity of the shaft tube 39. The piston end of the fourth telescopic rod 80 is connected to a scraper assembly 81. The scraper assembly 81 includes a second carrier 82 with a T-shaped cross-section. A scraper seat 83 is connected to the small-diameter section of the second carrier 82. There are at least two scraper seats 83, which are annular in shape. A telescopic groove 84 is provided on the side wall of the scraper seat 83. A scraper ring 85 is slidably connected in the telescopic groove 84. The scraper ring 85 has a pointer-shaped cross-section. A second spring 86 arranged at equal angles is installed in the telescopic groove 84. The second spring 86 is elastically connected to the scraper ring 85. A first bristle 87 is evenly arranged on the large-diameter section of the second carrier 82. The first bristle 87 and the scraper ring 85 are used to clean the dust in the shaft tube 39. Technical problem solved: Dust and slag easily accumulate inside the shaft tube 39 of the rotating joint, affecting flue gas flow and rotation function. Movement process: The fourth telescopic rod 80 drives the scraper assembly 81 into the cavity of the shaft tube 39. The scraper ring 85 of the scraper seat 83 on the second carrier 82, under the action of the second spring 86, adheres to the inner wall of the shaft tube 39. The first brush bristles 87 and the scraper ring 85 simultaneously clean the dust inside the shaft tube 39. After cleaning, the fourth telescopic rod 80 drives the scraper assembly 81 to reset. Beneficial effects: The scraper ring 85 and the first brush bristles 87 work together to clean the dust inside the shaft tube 39, preventing dust and slag accumulation. The second spring 86 ensures that the scraper ring 85 fits tightly against the inner wall, resulting in more thorough cleaning and ensuring flue gas flow and normal operation of the rotating joint.

[0057] like Figure 22 and 23As shown, in Embodiment 2, unlike Embodiment 1, a tube seat 88 is connected to one end cap 40. A first bearing plate 89 is connected to the side wall of the tube seat 88. A housing 90 is connected to the first bearing plate 89. A worm gear 91 is rotatably connected inside the housing 90. A worm wheel 92 meshes with the worm gear 91. The worm wheel 92 is driven by a first motor 93. A splined shaft 94 is slidably connected to the worm wheel 92. The splined shaft 94 extends into the shaft tube 39. The end of the splined shaft 94 located in the shaft tube 39 is connected to a sleeve 96 via a positioning pin 95. The free end of the sleeve 96 is connected to a scraper assembly 81. The first bearing plate 89 is connected to... The system includes two symmetrically arranged second support plates 97, each with a second guide rail 98. A first slide block 99 is slidably connected to the second guide rail 98, and a movable stage 100 is connected to the first slide block 99. A bearing seat 101 is connected to the movable stage 100 and rotatably connected to the tail end of a splined shaft 94. A ball bearing slide 102 is connected to the movable stage 100. A third support plate 103 is mounted on the first support plate 89, and a lead screw 104 is rotatably connected to the third support plate 103. The lead screw 104 is driven by a second motor 105 and is adapted to the ball bearing slide 102. The technical problem that can be solved is that the drive method of the scraper assembly 81 in Embodiment 1 is inconvenient to adjust, and the accuracy of the cleaning position and rotation is insufficient. Movement Process: The second motor 105 drives the lead screw 104, which in turn drives the ball bearing slide 102 and the moving table 100 to move along the second guide rail 98. The moving table 100 then drives the splined shaft 94 to move axially. The first motor 93 drives the worm gear 92, which meshes with the worm 91 to rotate the splined shaft 94. The splined shaft 94 then drives the scraper assembly 81 to rotate and move axially, achieving comprehensive cleaning within the shaft tube 39. Beneficial Effects: The lead screw 104 and ball bearing slide 102 enable precise axial movement of the scraper assembly 81, while the worm gear 92 and worm 91 drive the splined shaft 94 to rotate precisely, resulting in more comprehensive cleaning, convenient adjustment, and improved cleaning accuracy and efficiency.

[0058] like Figure 24 and 25 As shown, as an optimization of Embodiment 2, the large-diameter section of the second carrier 82 is provided with blind holes 106 arranged at equal angles. The blind holes 106 are inclined and have a T-shaped cross-section. A third spring 107 is installed inside the blind hole 106. The free end of the third spring 107 is connected to a scraper head 108, which is slidably connected to the blind hole 106. The end of the scraper head 108, located outside the second carrier 82, is connected to a second bristle 109. Technical problem solved: The scraper assembly 81 cannot cover the cleaning dead angles of the inner wall of the shaft tube 39, resulting in incomplete cleaning. Beneficial effect: The inclined blind hole 106 and the third spring 107 cooperate to make the scraper head 108 adapt to the inner wall of the shaft tube 39, and the second bristle 109 specifically cleans the dead angles, improving the overall cleaning effect.

[0059] like Figure 26-29As shown, as an optimization of Embodiment 2, the end face of the second carrier 82 is connected to a first truncated cone 110, the diameter of which is smaller than the diameter of the second carrier 82. The first truncated cone 110 is connected to a second truncated cone 112 via an adjusting bolt 111, with the smaller diameter sections of the first truncated cone 110 and the second truncated cone 112 facing each other. The center of the spline shaft 94 has a circular hole 113, in which an adjusting rod 114 is installed. An adjusting nut 115 is threaded onto the adjusting rod 114. The adjusting rod 114 passes through the second carrier 82 and is connected to the adjusting bolt 111. A ring spring 116 is installed in the V-shaped opening formed by the first truncated cone 110 and the second truncated cone 112. Steel balls 117 are connected to the ring spring 116, and the number of steel balls 117 is at least 6. A telescopic block 118 is connected to the 17. The telescopic block 118 has blind holes 106 arranged at equal angles. The cross-sectional shape of the blind holes 106 is T-shaped. A third spring 107 is installed inside the blind holes 106. A scraper head 108 is connected to the free end of the third spring 107. The scraper head 108 is slidably connected to the blind holes 106. A second bristle 109 is connected to the end of the scraper head 108 located outside the second carrier 82. The telescopic block 118 is guided by a guide ring 119, which slidably matches the first cone 110 and the second cone 112 to prevent dust from entering the V-shaped opening. The guide ring 119 has a sliding groove 120 for the telescopic block 118 to slide. Rotating the adjusting bolt 111 causes the telescopic block 118 to protrude or retract, enabling layer-by-layer cleaning of dust inside the shaft tube 39. The technical problem solved: The scraper assembly 81 cannot achieve layer-by-layer cleaning of dust inside the shaft tube 39, lacking flexibility to adapt to different cleaning needs. Movement Process: By adjusting the adjusting rod 114 and adjusting nut 115 inside the splined shaft 94, the adjusting bolt 111 is adjusted, causing the first cone 110 and the second cone 112 to move relative to each other, compressing or releasing the annular spring 116, which in turn causes the telescopic block 118 to protrude or retract. The scraper 108 and the second brush 109 on the telescopic block 118 clean the dust inside the shaft tube 39 layer by layer, and the guide ring 119 prevents dust from entering the V-shaped opening. Beneficial Effects: It enables layer-by-layer cleaning of dust inside the shaft tube 39, resulting in a more thorough cleaning. The guide ring 119 ensures structural sealing, and the adjustment mechanism is easy to operate, adapting to different cleaning needs.

[0060] like Figure 30 and 31As shown, as an optimization of Embodiment 2, the first articulated arm 34 and the second articulated arm 35 have slag discharge pipes 121, which correspond to the annular groove 41. A slag discharge valve 122 is connected to the lower end of the slag discharge pipe 121. A first cover plate 123 is connected to the side wall of the slag discharge valve 122. A second cover plate 125 is connected to the first cover plate 123 via a hinge 124. The second cover plate 125 is used to close the lower end of the slag discharge valve 122. A fifth telescopic rod 126 is hinged to the first cover plate 123. An ear seat 127 is hinged to the free end of the fifth telescopic rod 126, and the ear seat 127 is connected to the second cover plate 125. The technical problem that can be solved is that the slag discharge pipe 121 does not seal tightly after slag discharge, easily leading to smoke and dust leakage or debris entry, and the slag discharge operation is cumbersome. Movement process: During slag discharge, the fifth telescopic rod 126 extends, driving the second cover plate 125 to open around the hinge 124 via the lug 127; after slag discharge, the fifth telescopic rod 126 retracts, and the second cover plate 125 closes the lower port of the slag discharge valve 122. Beneficial effects: The fifth telescopic rod 126 drives the second cover plate 125 to open and close automatically, providing a good sealing effect, preventing smoke and dust leakage and debris entry, and making the slag discharge process convenient and efficient.

[0061] Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing examples, those skilled in the art can still make and modify the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or make equivalent substitutions for some of the technical features. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A high-efficiency purification and separation system for rare earth electrolysis flue gas, characterized in that, Includes a skirt base (1), a bottom cover (3) on the skirt base (1), and a dust discharge pipe (4) at the lower end of the bottom cover (3); a first pipe section (5) on the bottom cover (3), and an annular seat (6) connected inside the first pipe section (5); a first carrier plate (8) on the annular seat (6), and a uniformly arranged vent hole (9) on the surface of the first carrier plate (8), with a bubble cap (10) installed on the vent hole (9); a second pipe section (11) at the upper end of the first pipe section (5), where the flue gas and catalyst form a fluidized bed; a third pipe section (12) at the upper end of the second pipe section (11), and a top cover (13) on the third pipe section (12), with the top cover (13) on... It has a gas discharge pipe (14); the outer wall of the first pipe section (5) has a first branch pipe (15), the first branch pipe (15) is located below the ring seat (6), the first branch pipe (15) is connected to a centrifugal fan (16), the air inlet of the centrifugal fan (16) is connected to a first flue (17), the smoke inlet end of the first flue (17) is connected to a second flue (18), the smoke inlet end of the second flue (18) is connected to a flue valve (19); the smoke inlet end of the flue valve (19) is connected to a third flue (20), the smoke inlet end of the third flue (20) is connected to a rotating joint assembly (21), the rotating joint assembly (21) is driven to rotate by a first telescopic rod (22); The inlet end of the rotating joint assembly (21) is connected to a fourth flue (23), and the inlet end of the fourth flue (23) is connected to a smoke collection hood (24). The smoke collection hood (24) is used to collect the flue gas generated by the electrolytic furnace (7). A first support (68) is installed on the top and bottom surfaces of the smoke collection hood (24). Two symmetrically arranged third connecting rods (69) are rotatably connected to the first support (68). The free end of the third connecting rod (69) is hinged to a second support (70). An arc-shaped cover (71) is fixed to the second support (70). The arc-shaped cover (71) is used to assist in the collection of flue gas. The two arc-shaped covers (71) and the smoke collection hood (24) form a ring structure. Two symmetrically arranged fourth... The free end of the connecting rod (72) is hinged to the third support (73), which is connected to the arc-shaped cover (71); the first support (68) located above the smoke hood (24) is connected to the fourth support (74), the fourth support (74) is installed on the fourth support (74), the piston end of the third telescopic rod (75) is connected to the push rod (76), the push rod (76) is H-shaped; the side wall of the third connecting rod (69) is connected to the short rod (77), the short rod (77) is adapted to the push rod (76), the bottom surface of the push rod (76) is connected to the slider (78), the slider (78) is slidably connected to the first guide rail (79), the first guide rail (79) is connected to the first support (68).

2. The high-efficiency purification and separation system for rare earth electrolysis flue gas according to claim 1, characterized in that, The first pipe section (5) has a catalyst discharge pipe (25); the catalyst discharge pipe (25) is located above the first carrier plate (8); the second pipe section (11) has a catalyst addition pipe (26); the third pipe section (12) has a catalyst outlet (27); the third pipe section (12) has a manhole (28); the top cover (13) has a vent pipe (29).

3. The high-efficiency purification and separation system for rare earth electrolysis flue gas according to claim 1, characterized in that, The bubble cap (10) includes a short tube (30) provided on the vent (9), and an annular plate (31) is connected to the upper side wall of the short tube (30). The annular plate (31) has smoke holes (32) arranged at equal angles; and a cap body (33) is connected to the side wall of the annular plate (31).

4. The high-efficiency purification and separation system for rare earth electrolysis flue gas according to claim 1, characterized in that, The rotary joint assembly (21) includes a first joint arm (34) connected to the third flue (20) and a second joint arm (35) connected to the fourth flue (23). The first joint arm (34) has a flue gas outlet (36), and the second joint arm (35) has a flue gas inlet (37). The first joint arm (34) and the second joint arm (35) have shaft holes (38), which are perpendicular to the flue gas inlet (37) and the flue gas outlet (36). A rotating joint is rotatably connected to the shaft hole (38). The shaft tube (39) is a hollow structure, and the two end faces of the shaft tube (39) are connected to end caps (40); the side wall of the shaft tube (39) has two annular grooves (41), which correspond to the flue gas inlet (37) and the flue gas outlet (36); the annular grooves (41) are provided with through holes (42) that communicate with the shaft tube (39), and the four through holes (42) are arranged at equal angles; the side wall of the shaft tube (39) has a sealing ring groove (43), and a sealing ring body (44) is installed in the sealing ring groove (43).

5. The high-efficiency purification and separation system for rare earth electrolysis flue gas according to claim 3, characterized in that, The top surface of the cap body (33) is slidably connected to a first slide rod (47). A first carrier (48) is connected to the first slide rod (47) located inside the cap body (33). A first spring (49) is sleeved on the side wall of the first slide rod (47). The first spring (49) is located between the first carrier (48) and the cap body (33) in an elastic connection manner. The side wall of the first carrier (48) is connected to a drain rod (50) arranged at equal angles. The drain rod (50) corresponds to the smoke hole (32) on the annular plate (31). In the initial state, the drain rod (50) is located above the smoke hole (32). Several first slide rods (47) are connected in series by annular bars (51). The annular bars (51) of the inner and outer rings are connected in series. The components are connected in series by connecting rods (52); a first hinge seat (53) is connected at the center point of the connecting rod (52), and two sets of first connecting rods (54) are hinged on the first hinge seat (53). The free end of the first connecting rod (54) is hinged to a second connecting rod (55). The hinge point of the first connecting rod (54) is located at the midpoint of the second connecting rod (55). The second connecting rods (55) on both sides are hinged together, and the first connecting rod (54) and the second connecting rod (55) form a rhomboid structure. The free end of the second connecting rod (55) is hinged to a second hinge seat (56), and a second telescopic rod (57) is connected on the second hinge seat (56). The second telescopic rod (57) is connected to the first pipe section (5).

6. The high-efficiency purification and separation system for rare earth electrolysis flue gas according to claim 1, characterized in that, The outer wall of the fourth flue (23) is connected to two ring covers (58), and a heat exchange tube (59) is connected between the two ring covers (58). The side wall of the heat exchange tube (59) has a first inlet pipe (60) and a first outlet pipe (61). A partition (62) is connected inside the heat exchange tube (59), which divides the heat exchange tube (59) into upper and lower air chambers. The outer wall of the fourth flue (23) is connected to a first semi-ring (63) arranged at equal intervals. (59) The inner wall is connected with a second half ring (64) arranged at equal intervals. The positions of the second half ring (64) and the first half ring (63) are staggered, so that the heat exchange gas forms a labyrinth flow path; the ring cover (58) on one side is connected with a second air inlet pipe (65) and a second air outlet pipe (66); the inner wall of the smoke hood (24) is connected with a heat exchange jacket (67), which is connected to the second air inlet pipe (65) and the second air outlet pipe (66).

7. The high-efficiency purification and separation system for rare earth electrolysis flue gas according to claim 4, characterized in that, One of the end caps (40) is connected to a fourth telescopic rod (80), the piston end of the fourth telescopic rod (80) extends into the cavity of the shaft tube (39), and the piston end of the fourth telescopic rod (80) is connected to a slag scraping assembly (81); the slag scraping assembly (81) includes a second carrier (82), the cross-sectional shape of the second carrier (82) is T-shaped, the small diameter section of the second carrier (82) is connected to a scraper seat (83), the side wall of the scraper seat (83) is provided with a telescopic groove (84), a slag scraping ring (85) is slidably connected in the telescopic groove (84), a second spring (86) is installed in the telescopic groove (84) at equal angles, the second spring (86) is elastically connected to the scraper ring (85), the large diameter section of the second carrier (82) is connected to a uniformly arranged first bristle (87), the first bristle (87) and the scraper ring (85) are used to clean the dust in the shaft tube (39).

8. The high-efficiency purification and separation system for rare earth electrolysis flue gas according to claim 4, characterized in that, One of the end caps (40) is connected to a tube seat (88), and the side wall of the tube seat (88) is connected to a first bearing plate (89). The first bearing plate (89) is connected to a housing (90), and a worm gear (91) is rotatably connected inside the housing (90). A worm wheel (92) meshes with the worm gear (91), and the worm wheel (92) is driven by a first motor (93). A spline shaft (94) is slidably connected to the worm wheel (92), and the spline shaft (94) extends into the shaft tube (39). The end of the spline shaft (94) located in the shaft tube (39) is connected to a sleeve (96) through a positioning pin (95). The free end of the sleeve (96) is connected to a slag scraper assembly (81). Two symmetrical cloths are connected to the first bearing plate (89). A second support plate (97) is provided, a second guide rail (98) is mounted on the second support plate (97), a first slide block (99) is slidably connected to the second guide rail (98), a movable stage (100) is connected to the first slide block (99), a bearing seat (101) is connected to the movable stage (100), and the bearing seat (101) is rotatably connected to the tail end of the spline shaft (94); a ball slide (102) is connected to the movable stage (100); a third support plate (103) is mounted on the first support plate (89), a lead screw (104) is rotatably connected to the third support plate (103), and the lead screw (104) is driven by a second motor (105); the lead screw (104) is adapted to the ball slide (102).

9. The high-efficiency purification and separation system for rare earth electrolysis flue gas according to claim 7, characterized in that, The second carrier (82) has blind holes (106) arranged at equal angles in its large diameter section. The blind holes (106) are arranged at an angle. A third spring (107) is installed in the blind hole (106). A scraper (108) is connected to the free end of the third spring (107). The scraper (108) is slidably connected to the blind hole (106). A second bristle (109) is connected to the end of the scraper (108) located outside the second carrier (82).

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