Method and apparatus for satellite communication in non-terrestrial network

Abstract

A method and apparatus for satellite communication in a non-terrestrial network are provided. The method comprises: a first terminal device receiving first information sent by a network device, the first information being used for determining a first sequence; the first terminal device determines an uplink transmission resource in a first resource block according to the first sequence; wherein the first sequence is a sequence corresponding to the first terminal device in a first sequence set, the first sequence set comprises a plurality of mutually orthogonal sequences, the first terminal device is one of a plurality of terminal devices, and the plurality of terminal devices multiplex the first resource block based on the plurality of sequences.

Description

[0001] This application is a divisional application of application number 202480000560.9, filed on February 20, 2024, entitled "Method and apparatus for satellite communication in a non-terrestrial network". Technical Field

[0002] This application relates to the field of communication technology, and more specifically, to a method and apparatus for satellite communication in a non-terrestrial network. Background Technology

[0003] In some communication systems (e.g., non-terrestrial network (NTN) systems), uplink communication demands are high. When the uplink channel supports retransmission, the uplink transmission burden increases further. Therefore, in these communication systems, enhancing system capacity or improving spectrum utilization efficiency becomes a key technical challenge. Summary of the Invention

[0004] This application provides a method and apparatus for satellite communication in a non-terrestrial network. The various aspects involved in the embodiments of this application are described below.

[0005] In a first aspect, a method for satellite communication in a non-terrestrial network is provided, comprising: a first terminal device receiving first information sent by a network device, the first information being used to determine a first sequence; the first terminal device determining uplink transmission resources in a first resource block based on the first sequence; wherein the first sequence is a sequence corresponding to the first terminal device in a first sequence set, the first sequence set including multiple mutually orthogonal sequences, the first terminal device being one of multiple terminal devices, and the multiple terminal devices reusing the first resource block based on the multiple sequences.

[0006] In a second aspect, a method for satellite communication in a non-terrestrial network is provided, comprising: a network device sending first information to a first terminal device, the first information being used to determine a first sequence, the first sequence being used by the first terminal device to determine uplink transmission resources in a first resource block; wherein, the first sequence is a sequence corresponding to the first terminal device in a first sequence set, the first sequence set including multiple mutually orthogonal sequences, the first terminal device being one of multiple terminal devices, and the multiple terminal devices reusing the first resource block based on the multiple sequences.

[0007] Thirdly, an apparatus for satellite communication in a non-terrestrial network is provided. The apparatus is a first terminal device, comprising: a receiving unit for receiving first information sent by a network device, the first information being used to determine a first sequence; and a determining unit for determining uplink transmission resources in a first resource block based on the first sequence; wherein the first sequence is a sequence corresponding to the first terminal device in a first sequence set, the first sequence set including multiple mutually orthogonal sequences, the first terminal device being one of multiple terminal devices, and the multiple terminal devices multiplexing the first resource block based on the multiple sequences.

[0008] Fourthly, an apparatus for satellite communication in a non-terrestrial network is provided. The apparatus is a network device, comprising: a transmitting unit for transmitting first information to a first terminal device, the first information being used to determine a first sequence, the first sequence being used by the first terminal device to determine uplink transmission resources in a first resource block; wherein the first sequence is a sequence corresponding to the first terminal device in a first sequence set, the first sequence set including multiple mutually orthogonal sequences, the first terminal device being one of multiple terminal devices, and the multiple terminal devices multiplexing the first resource block based on the multiple sequences.

[0009] Fifthly, a communication device is provided, including a memory and a processor, the memory for storing a program, and the processor for calling the program in the memory to perform the method as described in the first or second aspect.

[0010] A sixth aspect provides an apparatus including a processor for calling a program from memory to perform the method as described in the first or second aspect.

[0011] A seventh aspect provides a chip including a processor for calling a program from memory, causing a device on which the chip is mounted to perform the method as described in the first or second aspect.

[0012] Eighthly, a computer-readable storage medium is provided having a program stored thereon that causes a computer to perform the method as described in the first or second aspect.

[0013] Ninth aspect, a computer program product is provided, including a program that causes a computer to perform the method as described in the first or second aspect.

[0014] In a tenth aspect, a computer program is provided that causes a computer to perform the method as described in the first or second aspect.

[0015] In this embodiment, the first terminal device can determine a first sequence based on first information, and determine uplink transmission resources on a first resource block based on the first sequence. The first sequence is a sequence within a set of first sequences, and multiple sequences in the set are orthogonal to each other. Therefore, when multiple terminal devices reuse a first resource block based on multiple orthogonal sequences, uplink capacity and coverage can be effectively enhanced, and spectrum utilization efficiency can be improved. Attached Figure Description

[0016] Figure 1 This is the wireless communication system used in the embodiments of this application.

[0017] Figure 2 This is an NTN system used in the embodiments of this application.

[0018] Figure 3 This is another NTN system used in the embodiments of this application.

[0019] Figure 4 This is a flowchart illustrating a satellite communication method in an NTN provided in an embodiment of this application.

[0020] Figure 5 yes Figure 4 A schematic diagram of one possible implementation of the method shown.

[0021] Figure 6 yes Figure 4 A schematic diagram of another possible implementation of the method shown.

[0022] Figure 7 Through Figure 6 The diagram illustrates resource reuse implemented by the method shown.

[0023] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a satellite communication device in an NTN provided in an embodiment of this application.

[0024] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of another satellite communication device in NTN provided in the embodiments of this application.

[0025] Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a communication device provided in an embodiment of this application. Detailed Implementation

[0026] The technical solutions of the embodiments of this application will now be described with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of this application, and not all of them. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort regarding the embodiments of this application are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0027] The embodiments of this application can be applied to various communication systems. For example, the embodiments of this application can be applied to Global System for Mobile Communication (GSM), Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA), Wideband Code Division Multiple Access (WCDMA), General Packet Radio Service (GPRS), Long Term Evolution (LTE), Advanced Long Term Evolution (LTE-A), New Radio (NR), evolution systems of NR, LTE-based access to unlicensed spectrum (LTE-U), NR-based access to unlicensed spectrum (NR-U), NTN, Universal Mobile Telecommunication System (UMTS), Wireless Local Area Networks (WLAN), Wireless Fidelity (WiFi), and 5th-generation (5G) systems. The embodiments of this application can also be applied to other communication systems, such as future communication systems. These future communication systems could be, for example, 6th-generation (6G) mobile communication systems or satellite communication systems.

[0028] Traditional communication systems support a limited number of connections and are easy to implement. However, with the development of communication technology, communication systems can support not only traditional cellular communication but also one or more other types of communication. For example, a communication system can support one or more of the following communication methods: device-to-device (D2D) communication, machine-to-machine (M2M) communication, machine-type communication (MTC), enhanced machine-type communication (eMTC), vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) communication, and vehicle-to-everything (V2X) communication. The embodiments of this application can also be applied to communication systems that support the above-mentioned communication methods.

[0029] The communication system in this application embodiment can be applied to carrier aggregation (CA) scenarios, dual connectivity (DC) scenarios, and standalone (SA) network deployment scenarios.

[0030] The communication system in this application embodiment can be applied to unlicensed spectrum. This unlicensed spectrum can also be considered a shared spectrum. Alternatively, the communication system in this application embodiment can also be applied to licensed spectrum. This licensed spectrum can also be considered a dedicated spectrum.

[0031] The embodiments of this application can be applied to NTN systems. As an example, the NTN system can be a 4G-based NTN system, an NR-based NTN system, an Internet of Things (IoT)-based NTN system, or a narrowband Internet of Things (NB-IoT)-based NTN system.

[0032] A communication system may include one or more terminal devices. The terminal devices mentioned in the embodiments of this application may also be referred to as user equipment (UE), access terminal, user unit, user station, mobile station, mobile station (MS), mobile terminal (MT), remote station, remote terminal, mobile device, user terminal, terminal, wireless communication equipment, user agent, or user device, etc.

[0033] In some embodiments, the terminal device may be a station (ST) in a WLAN. In some embodiments, the terminal device may be a cellular phone, cordless phone, session initiation protocol (SIP) phone, wireless local loop (WLL) station, personal digital assistant (PDA) device, handheld device with wireless communication capabilities, computing device or other processing device connected to a wireless modem, in-vehicle device, wearable device, terminal device in a next-generation communication system (such as an NR system), or terminal device in a future public land mobile network (PLMN) network, etc.

[0034] In some embodiments, the terminal device may be a device that provides voice and / or data connectivity to a user. For example, the terminal device may be a handheld device, an in-vehicle device, etc., with wireless connectivity. As some specific examples, the terminal device may be a mobile phone, tablet, laptop, PDA, mobile internet device (MID), wearable device, virtual reality (VR) device, augmented reality (AR) device, wireless terminal in industrial control, wireless terminal in self-driving, wireless terminal in remote medical surgery, wireless terminal in smart grid, wireless terminal in transportation safety, wireless terminal in smart city, wireless terminal in smart home, etc.

[0035] In some embodiments, the terminal device may be deployed on land. For example, the terminal device may be deployed indoors or outdoors. In some embodiments, the terminal device may be deployed on water, such as on a ship. In some embodiments, the terminal device may be deployed in the air, such as on an airplane, balloon, or satellite.

[0036] In addition to terminal devices, the communication system may also include one or more network devices. In this embodiment, the network device can be a device for communicating with the terminal device; this network device may also be referred to as an access network device or a radio access network device. For example, the network device may be a base station. In this embodiment, the network device may refer to a radio access network (RAN) node (or device) that connects the terminal device to the wireless network. A base station can broadly encompass, or be replaced by, various names including: NodeB, evolved NodeB (eNB), next-generation NodeB (gNB), relay station, access point, transmitting and receiving point (TRP), transmitting point (TP), master MeNB, auxiliary SeNB, multi-mode radio (MSR) node, home base station, network controller, access node, wireless node, access point (AP), transmission node, transceiver node, baseband unit (BBU), remote radio unit (RRU), active antenna unit (AAU), remote radio head (RRH), central unit (CU), distributed unit (DU), positioning node, etc. A base station can be a macro base station, micro base station, relay node, donor node, or similar entities, or combinations thereof. A base station can also refer to a communication module, modem, or chip installed within the aforementioned equipment or apparatus. Base stations can also be mobile switching centers, devices that perform base station functions in D2D, V2X, and M2M communications, network-side devices in 6G networks, and devices that perform base station functions in future communication systems. Base stations can support networks with the same or different access technologies. The embodiments of this application do not limit the specific technologies or device forms used in the network equipment.

[0037] Base stations can be fixed or mobile. For example, a helicopter or drone can be configured to act as a mobile base station, and one or more cells can move depending on the location of the mobile base station. In other examples, a helicopter or drone can be configured as a device to communicate with another base station.

[0038] In some deployments, the network device in this application embodiment may refer to a CU or a DU, or the network device may include both a CU and a DU. The gNB may also include an AAU.

[0039] By way of example and not limitation, in the embodiments of this application, the network device may have mobility characteristics; for example, the network device may be a mobile device. In some embodiments of this application, the network device may be a satellite or a balloon station. In some embodiments of this application, the network device may also be a base station located on land, water, or other similar locations.

[0040] In this embodiment of the application, the network device can provide services for a cell. The terminal device communicates with the network device through the transmission resources (e.g., frequency domain resources, or spectrum resources) used by the cell. The cell can be the cell corresponding to the network device (e.g., a base station). The cell can belong to a macro base station or to a base station corresponding to a small cell. The small cell here can include: metro cell, micro cell, pico cell, femto cell, etc. These small cells have the characteristics of small coverage area and low transmission power, and are suitable for providing high-speed data transmission services.

[0041] For example, Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the architecture of a communication system provided in an embodiment of this application. Figure 1 As shown, the communication system 100 may include a network device 110, which may be a device that communicates with a terminal device 120 (or a communication terminal, terminal). The network device 110 can provide communication coverage for a specific geographical area and can communicate with terminal devices located within that coverage area.

[0042] Figure 1 An exemplary network device and two terminal devices are shown. In some embodiments of this application, the communication system 100 may include multiple network devices and each network device may include other numbers of terminal devices within its coverage area, without limitation.

[0043] For example, Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of an architecture of the NTN system mentioned above. Figure 2 The NTN system 200 shown uses satellite 210 as its airborne platform. For example... Figure 2 As shown, the satellite radio access network includes a satellite 210, a service link 220, a feeder link 230, terminal equipment 240, a gateway (GW) 250, and a network 260 including base stations and a core network.

[0044] Satellite 210 is a spacecraft based on a space platform. Service link 220 refers to the link between satellite 210 and terminal equipment 240. Feeder link 230 refers to the link between gateway 250 and satellite 210. The Earth-based gateway 250 connects satellite 210 to the base station or core network, depending on the NTN architecture chosen.

[0045] Figure 2 The NTN architecture shown is a bend-type transponder architecture. In this architecture, the base station is located on Earth behind gateway 250, and satellite 210 acts as a relay. Satellite 210 operates as a relay that forwards signals from feeder link 230 to serving link 220, or forwards signals from serving link 220 to feeder link 230. That is, satellite 210 does not have the function of a base station; communication between terminal device 240 and the base station in network 260 needs to be relayed through satellite 210.

[0046] For example, Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of another architecture for the NTN system. (Example:) Figure 3 As shown, the satellite radio access network 300 includes a satellite 310, a service link 320, a feeder link 330, terminal equipment 340, a gateway 350, and a network 360. Figure 2 The difference is that satellite 310 has base station 312, while the network 360 behind gateway 350 only includes the core network.

[0047] Figure 3 The NTN architecture shown is a regenerative transponder architecture. In this architecture, satellite 310 carries base station 312, which can be directly connected to the earth-based core network via a link. Satellite 310 functions as a base station, and terminal device 340 can communicate directly with satellite 310. Therefore, satellite 310 can be referred to as a network device.

[0048] exist Figure 2 and Figure 3 The communication system with the architecture shown may include multiple network devices, and each network device may include other terminal devices within its coverage area. This application embodiment does not limit this.

[0049] In the embodiments of this application, Figures 1 to 3 The communication system shown may also include other network entities such as a mobility management entity (MME) and an access and mobility management function (AMF), but this application does not limit this.

[0050] It should be understood that devices with communication functions in the network / system of this application embodiment can be referred to as communication devices. Figure 1 Taking the communication system 100 shown as an example, the communication equipment may include a network device 110 and a terminal device 120 with communication functions. The network device 110 and the terminal device 120 may be the specific devices described above, which will not be repeated here. The communication equipment may also include other devices in the communication system 100, such as network controllers, mobility management entities and other network entities. This application embodiment does not limit this.

[0051] To facilitate understanding, some related technical knowledge involved in the embodiments of this application is first introduced. The following related technologies are optional solutions and can be arbitrarily combined with the technical solutions of the embodiments of this application, all of which fall within the protection scope of the embodiments of this application. The embodiments of this application include at least some of the following contents.

[0052] With the development of communication technologies, communication systems (such as 5G) will integrate satellite and terrestrial network infrastructure, creating market potential. For example, the 5G standard makes NTN, including satellite segments, part of the recognized 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) 5G connectivity infrastructure.

[0053] NTN refers to a network or network segment that uses radio frequency (RF) resources on satellite or unmanned aerial system (UAS) platforms. Taking satellites as an example, communication satellites are classified according to their orbital altitude into low Earth orbit (LEO) satellites, medium Earth orbit (MEO) satellites, geostationary Earth orbit (GEO) satellites, and highly elliptical orbit (HEO) satellites. LEO is a geocentric orbit with an altitude of 2000 kilometers or less, or at least 11.25 cycles per day, with an eccentricity of less than 0.25. Most man-made objects in outer space are located in LEO. LEO satellites orbit the Earth at high speeds (mobility), but in predictable or deterministic orbits.

[0054] Satellites at different orbital altitudes have different orbital periods. For example, typical LEO altitudes range from 250 to 1500 kilometers with orbital periods of 90 to 120 minutes. Typical MEO altitudes range from 5000 to 25000 kilometers with orbital periods of 3 to 15 hours. GEO altitudes are approximately 35786 kilometers with an orbital period of 24 hours.

[0055] From the example of satellites mentioned earlier Figure 2 and Figure 3 It is known that typical scenarios for terminal devices accessing the NTN system involve NTN transparent payloads or NTN regenerated payloads. Among these, Figure 2 The bent-tube transponder architecture shown corresponds to the NTN transparent payload. Figure 3 The regenerative transponder architecture shown corresponds to the NTN regenerative payload.

[0056] In an NTN system, terminal devices communicate with network equipment via satellite or airborne platforms. Satellites and other airborne platforms cover a larger area; therefore, the number of terminal devices served within an NTN cell is typically much greater than in a terrestrial network (TN) cell. To meet the uplink transmission needs of the terminal devices within the cell, the uplink (UL) communication requirements are usually quite high.

[0057] Furthermore, when the uplink channel supports retransmission, the uplink transmission burden and overhead are greater. For example, when the physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH) supports retransmission based on the hybrid automatic repeat reQuest (HARQ) mechanism, network devices need to configure uplink resources for both initial transmission and retransmission, thus increasing the uplink transmission burden.

[0058] To facilitate understanding, the following explanation uses the resource configuration for PUSCH initial transmission and retransmission as an example. In the NTN system, network devices can configure resources for PUSCH transmission in various ways.

[0059] As an example, PUSCH transmission resources are indicated by downlink control information (DCI). For instance, the relative position of PUSCH and PDCCH is indicated by the K2+offset field in the DCI. In a TN system, offset=0. K2=0 indicates that PDSCH and PDCCH are in the same slot, K2=1 indicates that PDSCH is in the slot following PDCCH, and so on. Furthermore, PUSCH transmission can be dynamically scheduled using the DCI format (DCI 0_0 / 0_1 / 0_2) in PDCCH.

[0060] As an example, the transmission resources for PUSCH are determined by the network-side response. For instance, in a 4-step random access (RA) process, the transmission of PUSCH is scheduled via the random access response (RAR) message 3 (MSG3).

[0061] As an example, the transmission resources for PUSCH are determined by higher-level configuration parameters such as radio resource control (RRC). For instance, during a 2-step RA process, the terminal device can determine the transmission of message A (MSGA) PUSCH using the higher-level RRC configuration parameters carried in the system information block (SIB). Furthermore, if the base station fails to decode message A's PUSCH during the 2-step RA process, the 2-step RA falls back to a 4-step RA process. After falling back to the 4-step RA process, the fallback RAR can schedule the transmission of message 3's PUSCH.

[0062] As an example, PUSCH retransmission resources can be dynamically scheduled through the physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) or triggered by configuring a retransmission timer.

[0063] As an example, in addition to dynamic scheduling, PUSCH transmission and retransmission can also be semi-statically scheduled based on configured grants. For configured grant type 1, all parameters of the PUSCH transmission are configured by the RRC and take effect immediately. For configured grant type 2, the RRC configures a portion of the higher-level parameters of the PUSCH transmission, and the remaining parameters are indicated by activation via DCI format.

[0064] As an example, DCI can also include frequency and time domain resource allocation. For instance, DCI can use a time domain resource indication field to point to a row index of a table. The row corresponding to this index can indicate the slot offset, start symbol, and number of symbols. Furthermore, DCI can specify a portion of a slot for uplink transmission, and it also supports different slot resource allocations for different slots. It should be noted that for a transmission that can repeatedly transmit the same transport block on up to eight slots, the transmission resources are not indicated by dynamic signaling based on a table, but are configured through a separate RRC signaling.

[0065] In summary, UL communication requirements are high in NTN systems. Therefore, enhancing uplink capacity and coverage, and improving spectrum utilization efficiency in NTN systems are worthy of further research.

[0066] It should be noted that the aforementioned issue of heavy uplink transmission burden in NTN systems requiring increased system capacity or spectral efficiency is merely an example. The embodiments of this application can be applied to any type of scenario with high uplink communication demands. For instance, the method in the embodiments of this application is also applicable to TN networks, thereby improving the uplink transmission efficiency of the PUSCH.

[0067] Based on this, embodiments of this application propose using orthogonal cover code (OCC) in NTN systems to improve system capacity and / or spectral efficiency. In some embodiments, multiple terminal devices can use OCC to reuse the same physical resource block (PRB). That is, multiple terminal devices can transmit in the same PRB via OCC. Each terminal device uses its allocated sub-resource block to generate higher ground uplink capacity gain, thereby maintaining enhanced uplink coverage.

[0068] Orthogonal Codec (OCC) is a technique for frequency domain resource reuse in communication systems. An OCC is a set of mutually orthogonal codewords that allows multiple users to transmit simultaneously on the same frequency resource without interference. Specifically, due to the orthogonality of the orthogonal codes, the superimposed signals do not interfere with each other in the frequency domain, thus achieving frequency domain resource reuse for multiple users. At the receiving end, appropriate demodulation and decoding techniques can be used to separate the superimposed signal into the original data for each user. For example, in multi-user scenarios, OCC can be used for resource allocation among multiple terminal devices within the same Programmable Buffer (PRB).

[0069] Furthermore, in order to ensure that the superimposed signals can be effectively separated and decoded at the receiving end, appropriate synchronization and channel estimation are required on each PRB to cope with possible time delays and channel fading during transmission.

[0070] To address some of the aforementioned problems, this application also proposes a satellite communication method in an NTN. Using this method, a first terminal device can determine a first sequence from multiple sequences based on first information sent by a network device. Multiple terminal devices can each determine their corresponding sequence from among multiple mutually orthogonal sequences, thereby reusing a first resource block associated with the multiple sequences.

[0071] In some embodiments, the satellite communication method or apparatus may include a method or apparatus for wireless communication via a satellite, or a method or apparatus for wireless communication with a satellite.

[0072] To facilitate understanding, the following will be combined with... Figure 4 The methods proposed in the embodiments of this application will be described in detail. Figure 4It is presented from the perspective of the interaction between the first terminal device and the network device.

[0073] See Figure 4 In step S410, the first terminal device receives the first information sent by the network device.

[0074] The first terminal device can be any type of terminal device or repeater that performs uplink transmission, and there is no limitation herein. In some embodiments, the first terminal device can be any terminal device in the NTN system, such as a UE. In some embodiments, the first terminal device can be any terminal device in the NB-IoT system.

[0075] As an example, the first terminal device is located within the satellite's coverage area. For instance, the first terminal device is an NTN IoT terminal.

[0076] As an example, the first terminal device is a communication device in any communication system that performs uplink transmission to devices on the network side.

[0077] The network device can be any of the network devices described above or network-side devices. In some embodiments, the network device includes a satellite in an NTN system, and the first terminal device is a terminal device that communicates via satellite. For example, when a base station is deployed on a satellite, the first terminal device communicates directly with the base station on the satellite. For example, when the satellite acts as a relay, the first terminal device communicates with a network device located on the ground via the satellite.

[0078] As an example, when the network device includes a satellite, the first terminal device is located within the service area of ​​the satellite at the current moment to receive the first information via the satellite.

[0079] The first terminal device is one of a plurality of terminal devices, meaning that the first terminal device can be any one of the plurality of terminal devices. A second terminal device other than the first terminal device can receive the second information sent by the network device, or it can jointly receive the first information with the first terminal device; this is not limited here.

[0080] In some embodiments, multiple terminal devices constitute a first terminal device group, that is, the first terminal device group includes the multiple terminal devices. Since the multiple terminal devices belong to a terminal device set, the network device can send indication information to the multiple terminal devices based on the set.

[0081] As an example, when the network equipment includes a satellite, multiple terminal devices in the first terminal device group are all located within the service area of ​​the satellite at the current time, so as to receive indication information corresponding to each terminal device via the satellite.

[0082] The first information is used to determine the first sequence. The first sequence is the sequence in the first sequence set that corresponds to the first terminal device. The first sequence set includes multiple mutually orthogonal sequences. The determination method of the first sequence set will be introduced later using various formulas.

[0083] In some embodiments, the multiple sequences in the first sequence set constitute a set of orthogonal codes, also referred to as an orthogonal sequence set. As an example, the multiple sequences in the first sequence set constitute a set of OCC sequences, with the first sequence being the first OCC sequence. For instance, the multiple sequences in the first sequence set may be a set of orthogonal codes selected from an available set of OCCs, and each sequence may also be referred to as an OCC orthogonal code.

[0084] Optionally, the first set of sequences can use Zadoff-Chu (ZC) sequences as orthogonal codes. ZC sequences are sequences with good orthogonality. Specifically, different orthogonal codes can be obtained by choosing different root exponents and sequence lengths for ZC sequences.

[0085] Optionally, the first sequence set can use a Hadamard matrix as orthogonal codes. A Hadamard matrix is ​​a special type of orthogonal matrix where each row is mutually orthogonal. In this embodiment, rows of the Hadamard matrix can be used as orthogonal overlay codes. Such a codeword set ensures good orthogonality in the frequency domain, thereby enabling frequency domain resource reuse for multiple users.

[0086] Optionally, the first set of sequences can employ comb-shaped orthogonal codes, ensuring that the sequences have a fixed interval. For example, the sequences can have a fixed frequency interval, meaning they are equally spaced in the frequency domain. This equally spaced design in the frequency domain minimizes mutual interference between orthogonal codes used on different subcarriers, thereby improving system performance.

[0087] Optionally, multiple sequences in the first sequence set can be orthogonal in the frequency domain or in the time domain, without limitation.

[0088] In some embodiments, multiple sequences in the first sequence set (e.g., a set of OCC sequences) may be used for one or more time-domain units. These time-domain units may be symbols or time slots, for example, and are not limited thereto.

[0089] Optionally, a set of OCC sequences in the first sequence set can be used for multiple symbols or multiple time slots to achieve resource multiplexing in scenarios where resource allocation is performed across symbols or time slots. In this scenario, there are enough sequences between symbols / time slots to meet the multiplexing requirements of many terminal devices communicating simultaneously within the NTN coverage area. This will be illustrated later with reference to Example 3.

[0090] Optionally, a set of OCC sequences in the first sequence set can be distinguished by pseudo-random sequences. That is, a set of OCC sequences spanning symbols or time slots can be distinguished by pseudo-random sequences. This will be illustrated later with reference to Example 4.

[0091] In some embodiments, multiple sequences in the first sequence set can be assigned to different terminal devices, thereby supporting multi-user multiplexing of the NR uplink PUSCH in the same PRB. When each terminal device is assigned an independent sequence (orthogonal code), it can be ensured that the signals of multiple terminal devices on the same PRB can be distinguished.

[0092] In some embodiments, network devices can use orthogonal codes to group data from different terminal devices. For example, a network device can assign the same first set of sequences to adjacent terminal devices to ensure orthogonality in the frequency domain. Thus, network devices can achieve resource reuse by assigning the same set of orthogonal codes to multiple terminal devices without pre-grouping them.

[0093] As an example, a network device can assign a unique identifier to each set of sequences (OCC code groups). The mapping between identifiers and OCC code groups can identify multiple different OCC groups.

[0094] Multiple terminal devices, including a first terminal device, multiplex a first resource block based on multiple sequences from a first sequence set. As an example, before performing a discrete fourier transform (DFT) process, the multiple terminal devices can use multiple corresponding orthogonal codes to process the modulation symbols of uplink data information, thereby realizing orthogonal code sequences with a certain spacing in the frequency domain. Within an orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) symbol, each subcarrier can be orthogonal to other subcarriers through a corresponding orthogonal code sequence, thus helping to reduce interference between different subcarriers and improve system performance.

[0095] In some embodiments, multiple sequences in the first sequence set correspond one-to-one with multiple terminal devices in the first terminal device group. Therefore, these multiple sequences can be used by multiple terminal devices to perform orthogonal processing on modulation symbols.

[0096] As an example, the identities (IDs) of multiple terminal devices can be associated with multiple sequences in a one-to-one correspondence.

[0097] As an example, the indices of multiple sequences in the first sequence set can be associated with unique identifiers such as the International Mobile Station Equipment Identity (IMEI) and Temporary IMEI (T-IMEI) of multiple terminal devices. In other words, the indices of multiple sequences correspond one-to-one with the multiple terminal devices for resource reuse.

[0098] In some embodiments, the number of sequences in the first sequence set is greater than the number of terminal devices in the first terminal device group. In this scenario, the sequences in the first sequence set can be used for multiple terminal device groups.

[0099] After receiving the first information, the first terminal device can determine the first sequence in various ways. In some embodiments, the first information can directly indicate the first sequence to the first terminal device. In some embodiments, the first information can indicate a set of first sequences and an index of the first sequence, and the first terminal device determines the corresponding first sequence from the set of first sequences. In some embodiments, the set of first sequences is sent in advance to multiple terminal devices in the group of first terminal devices, and the first terminal device can determine the index of the first sequence or the index of multiple optional sequences based on the first information, thereby determining the first sequence.

[0100] Before sending the first information, the network device can select a first sequence or a set of first sequences for the first terminal device based on various information. For example, for multiple terminal devices multiplexing the same PRB, the system can select an orthogonal sequence for each terminal device based on the channel estimation result.

[0101] In some embodiments, the first sequence can also be determined based on the communication environment and / or the channel conditions of the first terminal device. In certain scenarios, the NTN system can dynamically select the first sequence for the first terminal device based on the communication environment or channel conditions to ensure the optimal peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) for uplink. The communication environment can be interference conditions during communication. Channel conditions can be determined using parameters such as Doppler, time variation, and phase distortion.

[0102] In some embodiments, the system can use channel quality metrics to measure the performance of different sequences under given channel conditions. Channel quality metrics may include signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), channel gain, bit error rate, etc. Taking OCC sequences as an example, the selection criterion for OCC sequences is to choose the OCC sequence that best suits the current channel conditions based on the channel quality metrics. For example, the OCC sequence with the highest channel quality metric can be selected.

[0103] Therefore, multiple sequences in the first sequence set may correspond to one or more channel quality metrics under the channel conditions of the first terminal device. The first sequence can be determined based on these one or more channel quality metrics. For example, when multiple sequences correspond to multiple channel quality metrics, the channel quality metric corresponding to the first sequence is the maximum value among the multiple channel quality metrics.

[0104] As an example, based on the following formula, channel quality metrics can be calculated. Select the first sequence X for the first terminal device. i ): ; in, i C is the optimal OCC sequence number; C(⋅) is the selection criterion function, which can dynamically balance between minimizing disturbances and maximizing system capacity, or take energy efficiency into account.

[0105] Optionally, the selection criteria in the above formula can be defined according to specific circumstances. As an example, the selection criteria might involve minimizing power consumption at a given transmission rate. For example: ,in It refers to the speed of the terminal device. It refers to the transmit power of the terminal device or the power allocated to the terminal device by the NTN network.

[0106] In some embodiments, when the system dynamically switches the sequence corresponding to the terminal device according to the selection criteria, it can do so at the beginning of each time slot or symbol to adapt to changes in channel conditions.

[0107] Network-side devices can send the first information in various ways. In some embodiments, the first information can be carried in RRC proprietary signaling. In some embodiments, the first information can be carried in DCI sent by the network device. In some embodiments, the first information can be configured through higher-layer parameters.

[0108] Optionally, the network device may determine a first OCC sequence for uplink data transmission from a first sequence set, and then indicate the first OCC sequence used by the first terminal device via RRC proprietary signaling or DCI of PDCCH.

[0109] Optionally, an NTN network can allocate multiple terminal devices to reuse the same PRB via DCI. As an example, the first terminal device transmits PUSCH on the resource set indicated by the PDCCH DCI format. When four terminal devices reuse a PRB, the four terminal devices can determine how data transmission is multiplexed on a single PRB based on multiple sequences in a first sequence set. For example, the four terminal devices can each determine the sequence for uplink transmission from the first sequence set based on their ID and sequence index.

[0110] In some embodiments, the network device may determine whether to send the first information based on the capability information of the first terminal device. If the first terminal device supports resource reuse, the network device may send the first information; if the first terminal device does not support resource reuse, it will not send the first information.

[0111] In some embodiments, the network device may receive second information sent by the first terminal device to determine whether the first terminal device has the capability to support resource reuse. As an example, after receiving the second information and confirming that the first terminal device has the capability to support resource reuse, the network device sends the first information.

[0112] As an example, the second information can be sent through capability information or UE assistance information reported by the first terminal device. For instance, an NTN network device can determine whether one or more terminal devices support resource reuse by using capability information or UE assistance information reported by one or more terminal devices.

[0113] Optionally, if the terminal devices support resource reuse, the network devices can group the accessing terminal devices. Based on the grouping or configuration of the network devices, the first terminal device group to which the first terminal device belongs can be determined.

[0114] It should be understood that in some scenarios, terminal devices in a terminal device group do not need to know which group they are in or which group they are sharing the same resource block with.

[0115] In some embodiments, the first terminal device group can be determined by the network device grouping the terminal devices, or it can be determined by the network device through pre-configuration. As an example, the network device can group the terminal devices based on one or more pieces of information about the accessing terminal devices, thereby determining the first terminal device group. As another example, the network device can pre-configure a grouping condition; when a first terminal device meets the condition corresponding to the first terminal device group, the first terminal device belongs to the first terminal device group.

[0116] As one embodiment, the network device groups the accessing terminal devices to determine a first terminal device group, which includes multiple terminal devices. The accessing terminal devices may be some or all of the terminal devices communicating with the network device, and this is not limited thereto.

[0117] In some embodiments, the network device may group the accessing terminal devices based on third information. That is, the first group of terminal devices can be determined based on the third information. The third information may include one or more of the following: the service type of the terminal device, the channel quality of the terminal device, the location information of the terminal device, and the capability information of the terminal device.

[0118] Optionally, network devices can group multiple terminal devices of the same service type together and achieve resource reuse through a first sequence set.

[0119] Optionally, the service type can also be related to the resources requested by the terminal device for the service. The network device can group a group of terminal devices that need to be allocated the same resources into a terminal device group and assign orthogonal sequences to these terminal devices, thereby achieving resource reuse.

[0120] Optionally, channel quality can be determined based on parameters such as signal strength, signal-to-noise ratio, and channel fading of the signals received by the communication equipment.

[0121] Optionally, the NTN network can determine the location information of terminal devices based on position measurement or other location calculation methods supported by the Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS), thereby assigning orthogonal sequences to terminal devices in the same location area.

[0122] As an example, network devices can group accessing terminal devices based on their service type, speed, region, and capabilities. Here, speed can refer to transmission rate, which can be determined by channel quality or service type.

[0123] Optionally, network devices can group multiple terminal devices with the same speed into a group and achieve resource reuse through a set of orthogonal codes.

[0124] As an example, network devices can group accessing terminal devices based on factors such as location, channel quality, and service requirements. Service requirements are related to service type. Channel quality can be determined through periodic measurements.

[0125] As an example, location information from multiple terminal devices can determine their adjacency relationships. Network devices can group adjacent terminal devices together to minimize interference in the frequency domain. For instance, network devices can periodically measure the channel quality between terminal devices. This channel quality can be used to determine the location information of the terminal devices. Based on the location information of multiple terminal devices, adjacency relationships can be calculated, allowing for grouping.

[0126] For example, if terminal device A and terminal device B are close to each other, that is, within a certain range, they can be considered as adjacent.

[0127] For example, if the distance between terminal device A and terminal device B can be measured using Euclidean distance, Manhattan distance, or other similar methods, and is within a certain range, then the two terminal devices can be considered to be adjacent.

[0128] As an example, network devices can group accessing terminal devices based on adjacency, channel quality, and service requirements.

[0129] The first terminal device group to which the first terminal device belongs can be pre-assigned or dynamically changed; this is not limited here. For example, multiple terminal devices can be pre-assigned to groups. For example, during communication, the NTN network can temporarily group multiple terminal devices together. In either case, the NTN can randomly schedule a group of terminal devices to form a resource-reusing terminal device group.

[0130] In some embodiments, an NTN network can schedule multiple terminal devices through packets and orthogonal sequence sets, enabling multiple terminal devices within a terminal device group to reuse the same resource block when transmitting PUSCH data on the uplink. For example, in NB-IoT, the narrowband physical uplink shared channel (NPUSCH) transmitted by multiple terminal devices can support data multiplexing on the same PRB.

[0131] See also Figure 4 In step S420, the first terminal device determines the uplink transmission resources on the first resource block according to the first sequence.

[0132] The first resource block can be a time-domain resource and / or a frequency-domain resource, without limitation.

[0133] In some embodiments, multiple terminal devices, including a first terminal device, reuse a first resource block to improve spectrum utilization efficiency. The first resource block may refer to one or more PRBs, one or more resource blocks (RBs), or one or more resource elements (REs), and is not limited thereto.

[0134] The reuse of the first resource block may include frequency domain reuse and / or time domain reuse of the first resource block, which is not limited here.

[0135] As an example, an RB contains multiple consecutive symbols in the time domain and multiple consecutive subcarriers in the frequency domain. For example, an RB contains 6 or 7 consecutive symbols in the time domain.

[0136] Optionally, the first resource block may include multiple time-domain units, with multiple sequences being orthogonal to each other across these units. Each time-domain unit may be a symbol / time slot, such that there are a sufficient number of orthogonal sequences between different symbols / time slots to maintain orthogonality in the time domain.

[0137] As an example, an RB consists of multiple REs. For a normal cyclic prefix (CP), each RB contains 7 × 12 = 84 REs. For an extended cyclic prefix, each RB contains 6 × 12 = 72 REs.

[0138] Optionally, multiple PRBs can correspond to different time slots, or they can correspond to different symbols within a single time slot.

[0139] In some embodiments, a first terminal device may determine one or more resources corresponding to a first sequence on a first resource block, and then perform uplink transmission on these resources. Thus, multiple terminal devices can determine mutually orthogonal transmission resources on a first resource block according to multiple sequences, thereby achieving resource reuse.

[0140] As an example, the first terminal device can multiply the modulation symbols by multiple elements in the first sequence to orthogonalize the modulation symbols of the data to the first sequence. The modulation symbols can also be called the modulation signal. When multiple terminal devices multiply the modulation signal based on corresponding sequences, different terminal devices can multiplex the data on the same PRB without interference.

[0141] As an example, multiple elements in the first sequence can be multiple factors. For instance, when the first sequence is an OCC sequence [1,1,1,1], the four elements in the first sequence are the first to fourth factors. That is, the values ​​of the first to fourth factors depend on the values ​​of the OCC sequence.

[0142] To facilitate understanding, the sequence [1,1,1,1] will be used as an example below, combined with... Figure 5 An exemplary illustration is provided for the orthogonal processing of modulation symbols and sequences. Figure 5 The first terminal device has three modulation symbols: a1(0), a1(1), and a1(2). The index of the first sequence (OCC index) is 0, and the four factors are all 1. That is, the first factor corresponding to OCC index 0 is 1, the second factor is 1, the third factor is 1, and the fourth factor is 1. Figure 5 As shown, the three modulation symbols of the first terminal device are multiplied by the four factors of OCC index 0.

[0143] Optionally, after multiplying the modulation symbols with the orthogonal sequence, the symbols can be expanded and then subjected to a Fourier transform. This Fourier transform can be the DFT described above. Performing DFT processing on the expanded symbols from the orthogonal sequence yields the frequency domain symbols. For example, Figure 5 The three modulation symbols in the code are multiplied by four factors, and then mapped to the frequency domain after DFT processing.

[0144] Optionally, the terminal device can map the generated frequency domain symbols onto resource blocks (e.g., subchannels or subcarriers). The terminal device performs an inverse fast fourier transform (IFFT) and cyclic prefix insertion on the generated mapped symbols to produce DFT-s-OFDM symbol waveforms for transmission in one symbol period.

[0145] To facilitate understanding, the following example uses four UEs multiplexing the first resource block, combined with... Figure 6 and Figure 7 The modulation symbol processing and resource multiplexing are illustrated by an example. There are four UEs, UE1 to UE4. Twelve subcarriers are supported in the frequency domain. The 12 / 4 = 3 modulation symbols corresponding to the PUSCH of UE1 to UE4 are repeated four times to generate four sets of three modulation symbols. The three modulation symbols of UE1 are a1(0), a1(1), and a1(2), the three modulation symbols of UE2 are a2(0), a2(1), and a2(2), and so on.

[0146] See Figure 6In step S610, each UE, acting as a transmitter, first orthogonally transposes the modulation symbols of its data into the OCC sequence to obtain a set of orthogonal modulation symbols comprising four subsets of the modulation symbols. Specifically, the OCC index 0 sequence, index 1 sequence, index 2 sequence, and index 3 sequence used by the four UEs are mutually orthogonal. The three modulation symbols of UE1 to UE4 are multiplied by the corresponding OCC sequences of UE1 to UE4 to obtain subsets with different scalars. The length of the OCC sequence can be 4. The processing of UE1 is as follows: Figure 5 As shown. The three modulation symbols of UE2 are multiplied by the four factors of the index 1 sequence, the three modulation symbols of UE3 are multiplied by the four factors of the index 2 sequence, and the three modulation symbols of UE4 are multiplied by the four factors of the index 3 sequence.

[0147] In step S620, an M-point Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT) is performed on the symbols following the orthogonal OCC sequence. The output of the DFT can be mapped to a continuous region of the OFDM symbols in the frequency domain. In step S630, the time-domain signal is generated by an L-point IFFT with CP added.

[0148] go through Figure 6 The processing procedure shown allows four terminal devices to reuse the same PRB, such as... Figure 7 As shown. In Figure 7 In one time slot, one symbol corresponds to 12 subcarriers. On the 4th symbol, subcarriers covered by different shadows represent those occupied by different terminal devices; the different shadow patterns correspond to... Figure 6 The four UEs in the text. See also... Figure 7 The modulation symbols of UE1 are spread (also known as spread spectrum) onto one of every four subcarriers in the resource block. The modulation symbols of UE2 are spread onto one of every four subcarriers in the resource block and offset by one subcarrier relative to UE1. The modulation symbols of UE3 are spread onto one of every four subcarriers in the resource block and offset by two subcarriers relative to UE1. The modulation symbols of UE4 are spread onto one of every four subcarriers in the resource block and offset by three subcarriers relative to UE1.

[0149] As an example, a network device receives uplink PUSCH data transmissions from multiple terminal devices on a first resource block. Further, the network device can determine the sequence used for uplink transmission by each terminal device from a first sequence set based on the terminal device ID, thereby decoding the data contained in the uplink transmission based on the determined sequence.

[0150] In some embodiments, the first sequence can be reused. For example, for each different resource block (e.g., PRB), the first sequence corresponding to the first terminal device can be reused to extend the modulation symbols.

[0151] Depend on Figures 4 to 7 It is understood that the first terminal device can determine the first sequence through the first information, and then select uplink transmission resources on the multiplexed first resource block according to the first sequence. When multiple terminal devices select resources according to their respective sequences, the first resource block can be reused. However, a resource block cannot be used by too many terminal devices simultaneously. For example, the resources of a PRB are limited.

[0152] In some embodiments, the maximum number of terminal devices that can be multiplexed in the first resource block can be M. For example, M = 4, which can represent that the PUSCH transmissions of 4 terminal devices are multiplexed on the same PRB.

[0153] As an example, M can represent the number of terminal devices in the first group of terminal devices, or the number of rows in the first set of sequences. When multiple sequences correspond one-to-one with multiple terminal devices, the number of terminal devices also determines the number of orthogonal sequences.

[0154] In some embodiments, the number of multiple terminal devices reusing a first resource block is related to the number of subcarriers or subchannels corresponding to the first resource block. For example, M needs to be related to the number of subcarriers supported by a PRB.

[0155] As an example, the product of the number of multiple terminal devices and the first parameter is the number of subcarriers corresponding to the first resource block. The first parameter is a positive integer. Optionally, the value of the first parameter can be one of {2, 3, 4, 6}.

[0156] As an example, if a RE supports 12 subcarriers, then the number of terminal devices M that the system can support for multiplexing the same PRB is also limited. For example, ∂ × M = 12, where ∂ is the first parameter. If ∂ is 2, then M is 6, meaning the system can support 6 terminal devices multiplexing the same PRB. If ∂ is 4, then M is 3, meaning the system can support 3 terminal devices multiplexing the same PRB. If ∂ is 6, then M is 2, meaning the system can support 2 terminal devices multiplexing the same PRB.

[0157] In some embodiments, when the multiple sequences are multiple row sequences of a first matrix, the number of multiple terminal devices can also be determined based on the order of the first matrix. The first matrix is, for example, a Hadamard matrix. After generating the Hadamard matrix recursively, each row can be considered an orthogonal code. The order of the Hadamard matrix determines the number of terminal devices that can be supported. Typically, the order of the matrix is ​​chosen to be a power of 2, such as 2, 4, 8, 16, etc.

[0158] As an example, the number of multiple terminal devices is equal to the order of the first matrix.

[0159] The previous section introduced the number of multiple terminal devices. When multiple terminal devices correspond one-to-one with multiple sequences, the number of sequences in the first sequence set is determined. The multiple sequences in the first sequence set can be designed in various ways, which will be illustrated below with several examples.

[0160] Example 1: The first set of sequences can be multiple row sequences of a matrix.

[0161] Taking the Hadamard matrix as an example, based on the sequence set of a Hadamard matrix of length 2, UE = [x(0) x(1)], UE1 = [1,1], UE2 = [1,-1]. The first sequence set based on a Hadamard matrix of length 4 can be designed as shown in Table 1.

[0162] Table 1 In Table 1, indices 0 to 3 correspond to UE1 to UE4 respectively, i.e., UE = [x(0) x(1) x(2) x(3)]. As shown in Table 1, the sequences corresponding to the four UEs are: UE1 = [1,1,1,1], UE2 = [1,-1,1,-1], UE3 = [1,1,-1,-1], and UE4 = [1,-1,-1,1], thus achieving the orthogonality of PUSCH multiplexed in the frequency domain.

[0163] The matrix can also be an OCC matrix. Based on the OCC matrix, each row can be used as an orthogonal code. Multiple orthogonal codes can be multiplexed on the same resource for uplink PUSCHs with different durations. In addition, in the DCI format of the downlink PDCCH, the orthogonal code for each UE can be indicated, which can be allocated to up to M UEs using the same time-frequency resource, where M is the number of rows in the OCC matrix.

[0164] Example 2: The first sequence set consists of multiple OCC sequences. If k terminal devices are scheduled to transmit PUSCH on a PRB, where k is a natural number greater than 1, the first sequence set can include: The first sequence is [1,1,1,1,…,1,1]; The s-th sequence [1, ,1, ,…,1, ]; Where j represents the imaginary unit, and 1 < s ≤ k.

[0165] UE1 to UEk can each have the first to the kth sequence. For example, when s is 2, UE2 has the second sequence, i.e., [1, ,1, ,…,1, As shown in the above equation, multiple sequences are orthogonal to each other. Multiple UEs can each select their corresponding orthogonal codes so that the uplink transmissions of different UEs are orthogonal in the frequency domain after DFT processing.

[0166] Example 3: Multiple sequences in the first sequence set can be determined based on multiple different root sequences. That is, different orthogonal codes are generated based on different root sequences. Since the NTN system has wide coverage, network equipment may cover many UEs communicating simultaneously. If, based on system capabilities, only four UEs can be multiplexed in one PRB, a large set of orthogonal sequences will be required. In this scenario, each PRB can multiplex the orthogonal codes of four UEs, and the multiple sequences used by each PRB are different. This means it is necessary to ensure that different sequence sets are used on adjacent symbols / time slots. If time-domain resources occupy only one symbol, they are adjacent symbols; if time-domain resources occupy one or more time slots, they are adjacent time slots. This implies that there should be a sufficient set of orthogonal sequences between symbols / time slots so that each symbol / time slot can choose a different sequence set, and orthogonality can be guaranteed even when resources are allocated across symbols or time slots. Therefore, to ensure a sufficient set of sequences to satisfy orthogonality between different symbols / time slots, new orthogonal sequences can be generated between different symbols / time slots through cyclic shifting of the root sequence.

[0167] As an example, the logical indexes corresponding to different symbols / slots can be indicated in the PDCCH or the information field carried by the PDCCH.

[0168] As an example, multiple distinct root sequences can be generated based on a cyclic shift of the first root sequence. For instance, the first root sequence could be the root sequence of a ZC sequence. Cyclic shifting of the first root sequence ensures orthogonality between the frequency and time domains.

[0169] As an example, the sequence after cyclic shifting the first sequence It can be represented as: ; in, N Indicates the length of the sequence (the length of the sequence in the first sequence set); n This indicates the index of the first sequence to be cyclically shifted. , Indicates the step size of the cyclic shift; express n The corresponding number of cyclic shift steps, ; This represents the first root sequence. m This represents the index of the first root sequence, where 0 ≤ m < N.

[0170] Furthermore, the first sequence elements in It can be represented as: ; in, N This indicates the length of the first sequence. .

[0171] As another example, a ZC sequence of length N can also be represented by the following formula: ; Where m represents the root sequence of the ZC sequence, For a given ZC sequence, a new ZC sequence can be obtained by cyclically shifting it to the right or left. The cyclically shifted ZC sequences retain orthogonality because they still have the same root exponent. Given a ZC sequence X and the number of cyclic shift steps... Then, a circular right shift is performed to obtain a new sequence. The mathematical representation of is: .

[0172] Alternatively, a circular left shift yields a new sequence. The mathematical representation of is: .

[0173] In practical systems, a set of ZC sequences is typically pre-calculated and dynamically generated at runtime by cyclically shifting them as needed to satisfy orthogonality requirements. Furthermore, the strategy for selecting the root sequence can be determined based on system requirements; a static root sequence allocation can be used, or adjustments can be made based on dynamic channel conditions to enhance system performance.

[0174] Example 4: Multiple sequences in the first sequence set can be determined based on the same root sequence. That is, multiple different sequences or sequence sets are generated without changing the root sequence to meet the needs of simultaneous communication by multiple terminal devices. In order to generate a sufficient number of sequences to maintain orthogonality in time and frequency, when each symbol / time slot is the same sequence set, randomness needs to be introduced in the time domain.

[0175] As an example, pseudo-random sequences can be used to introduce randomness into adjacent time slots or PRBs, thereby improving orthogonality. Pseudo-random sequences can be generated using a pseudo-random bit generator (PRBG). Exemplarily, the pseudo-random sequence generator can employ a linear feedback shift register (LFSR) or a similar structure.

[0176] Optionally, the first set of sequences can generate different pseudo-random sequences based on different seeds. For each adjacent time slot or PRB, a different pseudo-random seed is selected. The pseudo-random seed can be an integer value, with each integer value corresponding to a different pseudo-random sequence. If a pseudo-random sequence generator is used to generate pseudo-random sequences of length N, the element E in the s-th sequence of multiple sequences... s (x) can be represented as: E s (x)=PRBG(P s ,x); Where x represents the element index, P s Let represent the pseudo-random seed of the s-th sequence, and PRBG(⋅) represent the pseudo-random sequence generator function.

[0177] The aforementioned multiple sequences can be multiple sequences from adjacent time slots or PRB sequence sets. Due to the selection of different pseudo-random seeds, the sequence sets generated on adjacent time slots or PRBs will possess a certain degree of randomness. This helps reduce interference probability and improve orthogonality. In practical systems, it is necessary to ensure that the quality of the pseudo-random sequence generator is good enough to guarantee that the generated sequences have good pseudo-random properties. Furthermore, the strategy for selecting pseudo-random seeds also needs to be determined based on system requirements; static seed allocation can be used, or adjustments can be made according to dynamic channel conditions to enhance system performance.

[0178] The above text combined Figures 1 to 7 The method embodiments of this application are described in detail below. Figures 8 to 10 The present application provides a detailed description of the apparatus embodiments. It should be understood that the descriptions of the apparatus embodiments correspond to the descriptions of the method embodiments; therefore, any parts not described in detail can be found in the foregoing method embodiments.

[0179] Figure 8 This is a schematic block diagram of a satellite communication device in an NTN according to an embodiment of this application. The device 800 can be any of the first terminal devices described above. Figure 8 The apparatus 800 shown includes a receiving unit 810 and a determining unit 820.

[0180] The receiving unit 810 can be used to receive first information sent by the network device, the first information being used to determine a first sequence.

[0181] The determining unit 820 can be used to determine uplink transmission resources in a first resource block according to a first sequence; wherein, the first sequence is a sequence in a first sequence set corresponding to a first terminal device, the first sequence set includes multiple mutually orthogonal sequences, the first terminal device is one of multiple terminal devices, and the multiple terminal devices reuse the first resource block based on multiple sequences.

[0182] Optionally, multiple sequences correspond one-to-one with multiple terminal devices.

[0183] Optionally, the first information is carried in RRC proprietary signaling and / or DCI.

[0184] Optionally, the device 800 further includes a sending unit, which can be used to send second information to the network device before receiving the first information, the second information being used to indicate whether the first terminal device has the ability to support resource reuse.

[0185] Optionally, multiple terminal devices form a first terminal device group, which is determined based on third information, including one or more of the following: the service type of the terminal device, the channel quality of the terminal device, the location information of the terminal device, and the capability information of the terminal device.

[0186] Optionally, the number of multiple terminal devices is related to the number of subcarriers or subchannels corresponding to the first resource block.

[0187] Optionally, the product of the number of multiple terminal devices and the first parameter is the number of subcarriers corresponding to the first resource block, where the first parameter is a positive integer.

[0188] Optionally, the multiple sequences are multiple row sequences of the first matrix, and the number of multiple terminal devices is determined according to the order of the first matrix.

[0189] Optionally, the first sequence may also be determined based on the communication environment and / or the channel conditions of the first terminal device.

[0190] Optionally, multiple sequences correspond to one or more channel quality metrics under the channel conditions of the first terminal device, and the first sequence is determined based on one or more channel quality metrics.

[0191] Optionally, when multiple sequences correspond to multiple channel quality metrics, the channel quality metric corresponding to the first sequence is the maximum value among the multiple channel quality metrics.

[0192] Optionally, the number of multiple terminal devices is k, where k is a natural number greater than 1, and the first sequence set includes: The first sequence is [1,1,1,1,…,1,1]; The s-th sequence [1, ,1, ,…,1, ]; Where j represents the imaginary unit, and 1 < s ≤ k.

[0193] Optionally, multiple sequences are determined based on multiple different root sequences, which are generated based on a cyclic shift of the first root sequence.

[0194] Optionally, the sequence after cyclic shifting the first sequence for: ; in, N Indicates the length of the sequence. n This indicates the index of the first sequence to be cyclically shifted. , Indicates the step size of the cyclic shift. express n The corresponding number of cyclic shift steps, , This represents the first root sequence. m This represents the index of the first root sequence, where 0 ≤ m < N.

[0195] Optionally, the first root sequence elements in for: ; in, N This indicates the length of the first sequence. .

[0196] Optionally, multiple sequences are determined based on the same root sequence.

[0197] Optionally, the device 800 further includes a processing unit that can multiply the modulation symbol by a plurality of elements in the first sequence, respectively.

[0198] Optionally, multiple sequences form a group of OCC sequences, with the first sequence being the first OCC sequence.

[0199] Optionally, a set of OCC sequences can be used for multiple symbols or multiple time slots.

[0200] Optionally, a set of OCC sequences can be distinguished by a pseudo-random sequence.

[0201] Figure 9 This is a schematic block diagram of a satellite communication device in an NTN according to an embodiment of this application. The device 900 can be any of the network devices described above. Figure 9 The apparatus 900 shown includes a transmitting unit 910.

[0202] The sending unit 910 can be used to send first information to the first terminal device. The first information is used to determine a first sequence. The first sequence is used by the first terminal device to determine uplink transmission resources in the first resource block. The first sequence is a sequence in the first sequence set that corresponds to the first terminal device. The first sequence set includes multiple mutually orthogonal sequences. The first terminal device is one of multiple terminal devices. Multiple terminal devices reuse the first resource block based on multiple sequences.

[0203] Optionally, multiple sequences correspond one-to-one with multiple terminal devices.

[0204] Optionally, the first information is carried in RRC proprietary signaling and / or DCI.

[0205] Optionally, the device 900 further includes a receiving unit, which can be used to receive second information sent by the first terminal device before sending the first information, the second information being used to indicate whether the first terminal device has the ability to support resource reuse.

[0206] Optionally, the apparatus 900 further includes a processing unit, which can be used to group the accessed terminal devices to determine a first terminal device group including multiple terminal devices; wherein the first terminal device group is determined according to third information, the third information including one or more of the following: service type of the terminal device, channel quality of the terminal device, location information of the terminal device, and capability information of the terminal device.

[0207] Optionally, the device 900 further includes a determining unit for determining the first resource block corresponding to the first terminal device group through a scheduling algorithm.

[0208] Optionally, the number of multiple terminal devices is related to the number of subcarriers or subchannels corresponding to the first resource block.

[0209] Optionally, the product of the number of multiple terminal devices and the first parameter is the number of subcarriers corresponding to the first resource block, where the first parameter is a positive integer.

[0210] Optionally, the multiple sequences are multiple row sequences of the first matrix, and the number of multiple terminal devices is determined according to the order of the first matrix.

[0211] Optionally, the first sequence may also be determined based on the communication environment and / or the channel conditions of the first terminal device.

[0212] Optionally, multiple sequences correspond to one or more channel quality metrics under the channel conditions of the first terminal device, and the first sequence is determined based on one or more channel quality metrics.

[0213] Optionally, when multiple sequences correspond to multiple channel quality metrics, the channel quality metric corresponding to the first sequence is the maximum value among the multiple channel quality metrics.

[0214] Optionally, the number of multiple terminal devices is k, where k is a natural number greater than 1, and the first sequence set includes: The first sequence is [1,1,1,1,…,1,1]; The s-th sequence [1, ,1, ,…,1, ]; Where j represents the imaginary unit, and 1 < s ≤ k.

[0215] Optionally, multiple sequences are determined based on multiple different root sequences, which are generated based on a cyclic shift of the first root sequence.

[0216] Optionally, the sequence after cyclic shifting the first sequence for: ; in, N Indicates the length of the sequence. n This indicates the index of the first sequence to be cyclically shifted. , Indicates the step size of the cyclic shift. express n The corresponding number of cyclic shift steps, , This represents the first root sequence. m This represents the index of the first root sequence, where 0 ≤ m < N.

[0217] Optionally, the first root sequence elements in for: ; in, N This indicates the length of the first sequence. .

[0218] Optionally, multiple sequences are determined based on the same root sequence.

[0219] Optionally, multiple sequences form a group of OCC sequences, with the first sequence being the first OCC sequence.

[0220] Optionally, a set of OCC sequences can be used for multiple symbols or multiple time slots.

[0221] Optionally, a set of OCC sequences can be distinguished by a pseudo-random sequence.

[0222] Figure 10 The diagram shown is a structural schematic of a communication device according to an embodiment of this application. Figure 10 The dashed lines indicate that the unit or module is optional. The device 1000 can be used to implement the methods described in the above method embodiments. The device 1000 can be a chip, a terminal device, or a network device.

[0223] Apparatus 1000 may include one or more processors 1010. The processor 1010 may support apparatus 1000 in implementing the methods described in the preceding method embodiments. The processor 1010 may be a general-purpose processor or a special-purpose processor. For example, the processor may be a central processing unit (CPU). Alternatively, the processor may be other general-purpose processors, digital signal processors (DSPs), application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs), field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), or other programmable logic devices, discrete gate or transistor logic devices, discrete hardware components, etc. The general-purpose processor may be a microprocessor or any conventional processor.

[0224] The apparatus 1000 may further include one or more memories 1020. The memories 1020 store a program that can be executed by the processor 1010, causing the processor 1010 to perform the methods described in the preceding method embodiments. The memories 1020 may be independent of the processor 1010 or integrated within the processor 1010.

[0225] The device 1000 may also include a transceiver 1030. The processor 1010 can communicate with other devices or chips via the transceiver 1030. For example, the processor 1010 can send and receive data with other devices or chips via the transceiver 1030.

[0226] This application also provides a computer-readable storage medium for storing a program. This computer-readable storage medium can be applied to a terminal device or network device provided in this application embodiment, and the program causes a computer to execute the methods performed by the terminal device or network device in the various embodiments of this application.

[0227] The computer-readable storage medium can be any available medium that a computer can read, or a data storage device such as a server or data center that integrates one or more available media. The available medium can be magnetic media (e.g., floppy disks, hard disks, magnetic tapes), optical media (e.g., digital video discs (DVDs)), or semiconductor media (e.g., solid-state disks (SSDs)).

[0228] This application also provides a computer program product. The computer program product includes a program. This computer program product can be applied to a terminal device or network device provided in the embodiments of this application, and the program causes a computer to execute the methods performed by the terminal device or network device in the various embodiments of this application.

[0229] In the above embodiments, implementation can be achieved entirely or partially through software, hardware, firmware, or any combination thereof. When implemented using software, it can be implemented entirely or partially in the form of a computer program product. The computer program product includes one or more computer instructions. When the computer program instructions are loaded and executed on a computer, all or part of the processes or functions described in the embodiments of this application are generated. The computer can be a general-purpose computer, a special-purpose computer, a computer network, or other programmable device. The computer instructions can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium or transmitted from one computer-readable storage medium to another. For example, the computer instructions can be transmitted from one website, computer, server, or data center to another website, computer, server, or data center via wired (e.g., coaxial cable, fiber optic, digital subscriber line (DSL)) or wireless (e.g., infrared, wireless, microwave, etc.) means.

[0230] This application also provides a computer program. This computer program can be applied to a terminal device or network device provided in this application, and the computer program causes the computer to execute the methods performed by the terminal or network device in various embodiments of this application.

[0231] In this application, the terms "system" and "network" are used interchangeably. Furthermore, the terminology used in this application is only for explaining specific embodiments of the application and is not intended to limit the application. The terms "first," "second," "third," and "fourth," etc., in the specification, claims, and accompanying drawings of this application are used to distinguish different objects, not to describe a specific order. In addition, the terms "comprising" and "having," and any variations thereof, are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion.

[0232] In the embodiments of this application, the term "instruction" can be a direct instruction, an indirect instruction, or an indication of a relationship. For example, A instructing B can mean that A directly instructs B, such as B being able to obtain information through A; it can also mean that A indirectly instructs B, such as A instructing C, so B can obtain information through C; or it can mean that there is a relationship between A and B.

[0233] In the embodiments of this application, the term "correspondence" may indicate a direct or indirect correspondence between two things, or an association between two things, or a relationship such as instruction and being instructed, configuration and being configured.

[0234] In the embodiments of this application, "predefined" or "preconfigured" can be implemented by pre-storing corresponding codes, tables, or other means that can be used to indicate relevant information in the device (e.g., including terminal devices and network devices). This application does not limit the specific implementation method. For example, predefined can refer to what is defined in the protocol.

[0235] In the embodiments of this application, the term "protocol" may refer to standard protocols in the field of communications, such as LTE protocols, NR protocols, and related protocols applied in future communication systems. This application does not limit the scope of these protocols.

[0236] In the embodiments of this application, determining B based on A does not mean determining B solely based on A; B can also be determined based on A and / or other information.

[0237] In the embodiments of this application, the term "and / or" is merely a description of the relationship between related objects, indicating that three relationships can exist. For example, A and / or B can represent: A existing alone, A and B existing simultaneously, or B existing alone. Additionally, the character " / " in this document generally indicates that the preceding and following related objects have an "or" relationship.

[0238] In the embodiments of this application, the order of the above-mentioned process numbers does not imply the order of execution. The execution order of each process should be determined by its function and internal logic, and should not constitute any limitation on the implementation process of the embodiments of this application.

[0239] In the several embodiments provided in this application, it should be understood that the disclosed systems, apparatuses, and methods can be implemented in other ways. For example, the apparatus embodiments described above are merely illustrative; for instance, the division of units is only a logical functional division, and in actual implementation, there may be other division methods. For example, multiple units or components may be combined or integrated into another system, or some features may be ignored or not executed. Furthermore, the coupling or direct coupling or communication connection shown or discussed may be through some interfaces; the indirect coupling or communication connection between apparatuses or units may be electrical, mechanical, or other forms.

[0240] The units described as separate components may or may not be physically separate. The components shown as units may or may not be physical units; that is, they may be located in one place or distributed across multiple network units. Some or all of the units can be selected to achieve the purpose of this embodiment according to actual needs.

[0241] In addition, the functional units in the various embodiments of this application can be integrated into one processing unit, or each unit can exist physically separately, or two or more units can be integrated into one unit.

[0242] The above description is merely a specific embodiment of this application, but the scope of protection of this application is not limited thereto. Any variations or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the scope of the technology disclosed in this application should be included within the scope of protection of this application. Therefore, the scope of protection of this application should be determined by the scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A method for satellite communication in a non-terrestrial network, characterized in that, include: A first terminal device receives first information sent by a network device, the first information being used to determine a first sequence; Before performing the Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT), the first terminal device processes the modulation symbols of the uplink data information according to the first sequence; Wherein, the first sequence is the sequence corresponding to the first terminal device in the first sequence set, the first sequence set includes multiple mutually orthogonal sequences, the first terminal device is one of multiple terminal devices, the multiple terminal devices multiplex a first resource block based on the multiple sequences, the first resource block is used by the multiple terminal devices to transmit the Physical Uplink Shared Channel (PUSCH), the first resource block includes multiple time slots, the multiple sequences are mutually orthogonal on the multiple time slots, and the modulation symbol corresponds to the DFT-s-OFDM symbol waveform.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The first information is carried in Radio Resource Control (RRC) proprietary signaling and / or Downlink Control Information (DCI).

3. The method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The first information is used to indicate at least one of the following: The first set of sequences; The index of the first sequence; The identifier of the first sequence set.

4. The method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The transmission of the PUSCH is related to at least one of the following: The transmission of PUSCH corresponding to message 3 in the random access response RAR scheduling; In a two-step random access process, message A corresponds to the transmission of PUSCH. Transport based on RRC configuration of pre-configured authorization type 2 and PUSCH activated by DCI.

5. The method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The multiple sequences in the first sequence set are a set of orthogonal covering code (OCC) sequences, and the first sequence is the first OCC sequence.

6. A method for satellite communication in a non-terrestrial network, characterized in that, include: The network device sends first information to the first terminal device. The first information is used to determine a first sequence. The first sequence is used by the first terminal device to process the modulation symbols of the uplink data information before performing the Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT). Wherein, the first sequence is the sequence corresponding to the first terminal device in the first sequence set, the first sequence set includes multiple mutually orthogonal sequences, the first terminal device is one of multiple terminal devices, the multiple terminal devices multiplex a first resource block based on the multiple sequences, the first resource block is used by the multiple terminal devices to transmit the Physical Uplink Shared Channel (PUSCH), the first resource block includes multiple time slots, the multiple sequences are mutually orthogonal on the multiple time slots, and the modulation symbol corresponds to the DFT-s-OFDM symbol waveform.

7. The method according to claim 6, characterized in that, The first information is carried in Radio Resource Control (RRC) proprietary signaling and / or Downlink Control Information (DCI).

8. The method according to claim 6 or 7, characterized in that, The first information is used to indicate at least one of the following: The first set of sequences; The index of the first sequence; The identifier of the first sequence set.

9. The method according to claim 6 or 7, characterized in that, The multiple sequences in the first sequence set are a set of orthogonal covering code (OCC) sequences, and the first sequence is the first OCC sequence.

10. A device for wireless communication, characterized in that, The device is a first terminal device, which includes a transceiver, a memory, and a processor. The memory is used to store a program, and the processor is used to call the program in the memory and control the transceiver to receive or send signals so that the first terminal device performs the method as described in any one of claims 1-5.

11. An apparatus for wireless communication, characterized in that, The device is a network device, which includes a transceiver, a memory, and a processor. The memory stores a program, and the processor calls the program in the memory and controls the transceiver to receive or send signals so that the network device performs the method as described in any one of claims 6-9.

12. A communication device, characterized in that, Includes units or modules for performing the method as described in any one of claims 1-5 or 6-9.

13. A chip, characterized in that, Includes a processor for calling a program from memory, causing a device on which the chip is mounted to perform the method as described in any one of claims 1-9.

14. A computer-readable storage medium, characterized in that, It contains a program that causes a computer to perform the method as described in any one of claims 1-9.

15. A computer program product, characterized in that, Includes a program that causes a computer to perform the method as described in any one of claims 1-9.

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