Method for improving inhibition of slow heat stress on breeding of male rabbits

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for improving inhibition of slow heat stress on male rabbit breeding, which is executed by a computer system and comprises the following steps: acquiring environmental data and physiological indexes such as male rabbit ear temperature and respiratory rate in real time through a multi-modal sensor; the core algorithm constructs a slow heat stress cumulative damage model containing a time decay factor, and quantifies the integral effect of the heat load and the body repair process. The system generates multi-dimensional optimal control vectors of environment cooling, nutrition intervention and LED red light repair through a physiology-environment coordinated regulation and control model on the basis of an accumulated damage index generated by the model. According to the method, the limitation of traditional single threshold value control is broken through, and full-period precise prevention and control of physical cooling open circuit, nutrition restoration follow-up and illumination rehabilitation ending is achieved. Experiments prove that the scheme can effectively protect testis tissues, shorten the reproductive function recovery period and improve the semen quality, the breeding and medicament cost is reduced while the reproductive performance is guaranteed, and the method is suitable for different scales of rabbit farms.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The application belongs to the technical field of cross between livestock breeding and intelligent control, and particularly relates to a method for improving slow heat stress-induced reproductive inhibition of male rabbits. BACKGROUND

[0002] Heat stress is a core environmental factor that restricts the reproductive performance of rabbits, especially male rabbits. Traditional rabbit breeding environment control mainly relies on manual experience or simple on-off control based on a single environmental temperature threshold (for example, turning on the fan when the room temperature exceeds 28℃). However, the response of male rabbits to the thermal environment has a significant "chronic cumulative effect", that is, short-term temperature recovery cannot eliminate the cumulative damage to the reproductive system caused by previous high temperatures, and different individuals have different heat tolerance. The existing control method often only focuses on the current air temperature, ignoring the actual heat load history and physiological feedback of the male rabbit body, resulting in obvious lag and blindness in regulation and control, and often the phenomenon of "summer infertility and autumn lag" occurs, that is, the reproductive ability of male rabbits cannot recover for a long time (45-60 days) after the end of high-temperature weather.

[0003] In addition, the means for relieving heat stress in the prior art are usually fragmented: environmental control equipment (fans, wet curtains) is only responsible for physical cooling, while nutritional intervention (such as adding vitamins, amino acids, etc.) is fed according to a fixed formula. This fragmented mode lacks systematic synergy. For example, when the male rabbit is in an extreme heat stress state leading to metabolic disorder, blindly increasing nutritional additives often cannot be effectively absorbed, and even increases the metabolic burden; while in the recovery period when the environmental temperature is suitable, there is a lack of targeted light or hormone control means to accelerate the repair of reproductive function. At the same time, the existing fully enclosed intelligent environment control system has high construction cost and is difficult to adapt to the vast majority of small and medium-sized rabbit farms, while simple rabbit farms lack fine regulation strategies to cope with complex and variable thermal environments.

[0004] Therefore, there is an urgent need for an intelligent method that can integrate environmental parameters and biological sign data, quantify the cumulative damage of slow heat stress through algorithms, and dynamically coordinate physical environmental regulation, precise nutritional intervention, and photoperiod regulation in multiple dimensions, to solve the problems of poor targeting, insufficient synergy, and low cost-effectiveness of the prior art. SUMMARY

[0005] The application aims to provide a method and system for improving slow heat stress-induced reproductive inhibition of male rabbits, which can effectively block the cumulative damage of heat stress to the reproductive system and shorten the recovery period of the reproductive function of male rabbits, while reducing breeding costs by optimizing equipment operation logic and being suitable for different scales of rabbits.

[0006] To achieve the above purpose, the application provides the following technical scheme: a method for improving slow heat stress-induced reproductive inhibition of male rabbits, which is executed by a computer system and includes the following steps:

[0007] Step S1: Multimodal data acquisition, real-time acquisition of environmental state data and physiological characterization data of male rabbits through environmental sensors arranged in the rabbit house and non-contact biosensors for male rabbits;

[0008] Step S2: Constructing a slow heat stress cumulative damage model, based on the environmental state data and physiological characterization data of male rabbits, using an iterative algorithm with a time decay factor to calculate a slow heat stress cumulative damage index reflecting the degree of chronic heat load on the male rabbit body;

[0009] Step S3: Generating a multi-factor synergistic regulation strategy, inputting the slow heat stress cumulative damage index into a pre-set physiological-environmental synergistic regulation model, which includes the coupling relationship of three dimensions of environmental cooling, nutritional intervention and light adjustment, to calculate the optimal control vector at the current time; the control vector includes ventilation equipment operating parameters, spraying equipment operating parameters, nutritional additive concentration and light supplement equipment parameters;

[0010] Step S4: Dynamic feedback control, according to the optimal control vector, sending control instructions to the environmental control equipment and automatic feeding equipment in the rabbit house, and updating the regulation strategy at the next time according to real-time feedback.

[0011] Further, in the present application, in step S1, the environmental state data includes air temperature, relative humidity and wind speed in the rabbit house;

[0012] The physiological characterization data of the male rabbits includes the ear temperature of the male rabbits collected by thermal imaging, the respiratory rate and posture activity of the male rabbits extracted by machine vision;

[0013] In step S2, the specific logic for calculating the slow heat stress cumulative damage index is: the cumulative damage index at the current time is equal to the index at the last time multiplied by the metabolic recovery decay coefficient, plus the weighted value of the instantaneous heat stress intensity at the current time;

[0014] Wherein, the metabolic recovery decay coefficient is used to simulate the self-repair process of the male rabbit body after the heat environment is removed; the instantaneous heat stress intensity is a nonlinear mapping value obtained by correcting the environmental temperature and humidity index using the ear temperature of the male rabbit.

[0015] Further, in the present application, in step S3, the physiological-environmental synergistic regulation model determines the nutritional additive concentration based on the following logic:

[0016] A negative exponential correlation between the effectiveness of the nutritional intervention and the cumulative damage index of the slow heat stress is established, that is, when the cumulative damage index of the slow heat stress exceeds a preset threshold, it is determined that the absorption and conversion rate of the nutritional additive is reduced, and the system preferentially increases the environmental cooling control amount to reduce the damage index, and after the damage index falls to an effective interval, the concentration of the nutritional additive is increased, to realize the synergistic effect of physical cooling and nutritional repair.

[0017] Further, in the present application, in step S3, the optimal control vector is calculated using a model predictive control algorithm that solves the control sequence in the future preset time period by minimizing the total cost function;

[0018] The total cost function is composed of three parts: the first part is the square sum of the deviation of the cumulative damage index of the slow heat stress from the target health value, the second part is the economic cost generated by the execution of the environmental control and the nutritional delivery, and the third part is the negative value of the predicted reproductive performance benefit of the rabbits based on the damage index;

[0019] The system dynamically adjusts the weights according to the current electricity price, feed additive price and rabbit breeding value, and finds the control combination with the lowest operating cost under the premise of ensuring reproductive performance.

[0020] Further, in the present application, the nutritional additive includes N-carbamoyl glutamic acid or L-arginine, and astragalus polysaccharide; in step S4, the system executes the following hierarchical control logic according to the optimal control vector:

[0021] When the environmental temperature is greater than or equal to 25℃ and less than 28℃, the instruction executes the sunshade net expansion, natural ventilation combined with timed mechanical ventilation;

[0022] When the environmental temperature is greater than or equal to 28℃ and less than 30℃, the instruction automatically adds astragalus polysaccharide in the drinking water with a concentration controlled at 100-200mg / L, and starts the intermittent mist spray on the roof;

[0023] When the environmental temperature is greater than or equal to 30℃, the instruction automatically adds astragalus polysaccharide in the drinking water continuously, and adds 0.05%-0.07% of N-carbamoyl glutamic acid or 0.5%-0.7% of L-arginine in the daily ration; at the same time, the fixed-point air supply mode is started, and the air speed is adjusted to 4m / s.

[0024] Further, in the present application, for rabbit houses with a length of more than 50 meters, the control instruction follows the zoning coordination principle of "front three and rear four":

[0025] The rabbit house is divided into a fan section and an air inlet section, the system is controlled in the area of 3 / 10 close to the fan section, the indoor atomization spraying and ceiling fan are started at the same time, and a differentiated ventilation strategy is executed in the remaining area to solve the problem of uneven temperature difference in the long-distance rabbit house.

[0026] Further, in the present application, in step S3, the light supplementing device parameter in the control vector is activated only when the ambient temperature is detected to be below 25 DEG C and in the slow heat stress recovery period;

[0027] The specific control logic is that, 7 days before the preset mating time, the LED light source emits red light with a wavelength of 620-660 nm, the irradiation position is located above the rabbit cage, the control light duration is 12-14 hours per day, the illumination is constant at 80 Lux, and at the same time, 0.05%-0.07% of N-carbamoyl glutamic acid or 0.5%-0.7% of L-arginine is added in the daily diet until the testosterone level or semen quality index of the male rabbit is restored to normal.

[0028] Further, in the present application, the N-carbamoyl glutamic acid is set as a key regulatory factor in the model to promote glutathione synthesis by regulating the arginine metabolic pathway; the system dynamically adjusts the addition amount of N-carbamoyl glutamic acid according to the monitored duration of heat stress to maintain the oxidation-reduction balance in the male rabbit body and protect the integrity of the spermatogenic cell membrane.

[0029] An intelligent control system for improving the reproductive inhibition of male rabbits caused by slow heat stress, comprising:

[0030] A perception module comprising temperature and humidity sensors, wind speed sensors, and thermal imaging cameras and visible light cameras for monitoring the signs of male rabbits distributed in the rabbit house;

[0031] A central control module configured with a processor and a memory, the memory storing a computer program, and the processor implementing the method steps as described above when executing the program;

[0032] An actuator comprising a variable frequency fan, an intelligent wet curtain, a roof spraying electromagnetic valve, a fiber cloth air duct air supply system, an LED red light adjusting lamp group, and an automatic precise dosing pump connected to the drinking water and feeding pipeline; the actuator is in communication connection with the central control module to receive and execute the control instructions.

[0033] A computer readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, the computer program being executed by a processor to implement the method as described above.

[0034] Beneficial effects, the technical scheme of the present application has the following technical effects:

[0035] The present application significantly improves the accuracy and effectiveness of improving the slow heat stress of male rabbits by constructing a "perception-decision-execution" closed-loop system based on data driving. First, the present application discards the single temperature threshold judgment standard and innovatively introduces a "slow heat stress cumulative damage index" with a time decay factor. The index not only considers the heat intensity of the current environment, but also "remembers" the heat load accumulation of the male rabbit in the past period of time through the algorithm, and is corrected in combination with biological signs (such as ear temperature and respiration). This mechanism enables the system to continue to perform targeted nutrient repair and light regulation when the environmental temperature appears to be normal but the stress level of the male rabbit is still high, thereby completely blocking the sustained damage to the reproductive system, effectively solving the problem of delayed mating of male rabbits in autumn caused by traditional extensive management, and greatly shortening the recovery period of reproductive function.

[0036] Secondly, the present application establishes a deep coupling coordination regulation mechanism of physiology and environment, realizing the technical effect of "1+1>2". The system dynamically calculates the optimal combination of physical cooling, nutrient addition (NCG / arginine) and light stimulation through model predictive control algorithm. Physical cooling is used to reduce the heat load of the body first, creating a metabolic window for nutrient absorption; precise dose of NCG is used to improve the body's antioxidant capacity and vasodilation capacity, which in turn improves the tolerance of male rabbits to residual heat; and specific wavelength red light stimulation is introduced in the recovery period to accelerate testosterone secretion. This multi-dimensional synergy is significantly better than the superposition of single means in protecting the integrity of spermatocyte membrane, maintaining sperm motility and density.

[0037] Finally, the present application has high scene adaptability and cost effectiveness. Through multi-objective optimization algorithm, the system can automatically find the control strategy that minimizes the waste caused by "excessive cooling" or "ineffective drug delivery" according to real-time electricity price, additive cost and rabbit breeding value. At the same time, the zoning ventilation and fixed-point air supply strategy for rabbit farms of different lengths makes it unnecessary for small and medium-sized rabbit farms to carry out expensive infrastructure reconstruction. By optimizing the operation logic of existing equipment and precise nutrient delivery, the prevention and control effect close to high-standard shed is achieved, greatly reducing the technical popularization threshold and breeding cost.

[0038] It should be understood that all combinations of the aforementioned concepts and additional concepts described in greater detail below can be seen as part of the subject matter of the present disclosure, as long as such concepts do not contradict each other.

[0039] The foregoing and other aspects, embodiments and features of the present teachings can be understood and appreciated more fully by, for example, referring to the following description, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in which: BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0040] The drawings are not intended to be drawn to scale. In the drawings, each same or like component illustrated in the various drawings can be designated with the same reference numerals. In the interest of clarity, not each component of each example is marked in each drawing. Embodiments of various aspects of the present application will now be described, by way of example only, with reference to the drawings in which:

[0041] Figure 1 Cumulative injury index (CSCI) for slow heat stress over time comparison curve;

[0042] Figure 2 Column chart for testosterone levels and semen collection volume of rabbits in the same treatment group;

[0043] Figure 3 Thermodynamic diagram for environmental-nutritional coupling synergistic mechanism;

[0044] Figure 4 Radar chart for operating cost and breeding benefit multi-objective optimization;

[0045] Figure 5 Flow step chart of the present application;

[0046] Figure 6 Column chart for physiological and reproductive indicators;

[0047] Figure 7 Microscopic observation chart of testicular tissue (HS group);

[0048] Figure 8 Microscopic observation chart of testicular tissue (HS+NCG group). DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0049] The embodiments of the application will be described in detail below with reference to the drawings, to clearly illustrate the structure, purpose, advantages, positional relationship and connection mode of each component. It should be noted that the directional indications (such as "front", "back", "up", "down") involved in the present embodiment are based on the posture shown in the drawings, and are only used to describe the relative positional relationship and movement of the components. If the posture changes, the directional indications will be adjusted accordingly. The "connection" includes mechanical connection and electrical connection, which can be fixed connection, detachable connection or indirect connection through intermediate medium, and the specific meaning is understood by those skilled in the art according to the context.

[0050] The present embodiment provides a system and method for improving the reproductive inhibition of male rabbits caused by slow heat stress.

[0051] First part: system hardware architecture and device configuration

[0052] The intelligent control system adopted in the present embodiment mainly includes three parts: multi-modal perception layer, edge computing decision layer (central control module) and precise execution layer.

[0053] (1) Multi-modal perception layer:

[0054] Environmental sensor group: Several temperature and humidity sensors and wind speed sensors are evenly arranged at different positions in the rabbit house, including the roof, ceiling, 1.5 m, 1.0 m, and 0.5 m from the ground. The temperature and humidity sensor model is SHT30, and the wind speed sensor model is FS-3080, which is used to collect air temperature T(t), relative humidity H(t), and wind speed V(t) in real time. Its role is to build a digital mapping of the environment field and eliminate errors caused by a single measurement point.

[0055] Biological feature perception unit: A thermal imaging camera and a visible light camera are installed above the male rabbit cage. The thermal imaging camera model is Flir Lepton 3.5, and the visible light camera model is OV5640.

[0056] Thermal imaging camera: used for non-contact collection of male rabbit ear temperature T ear The ear is the main heat dissipating organ of the rabbit, and the ear temperature can more sensitively reflect the early heat stress state than the rectal temperature.

[0057] Visible light camera: combined with OpenCV image processing algorithm, extract male rabbit's respiratory frequency R resp and posture activity A act , where respiratory frequency R resp is calculated by chest and abdominal fluctuation frequency. Posture activity R resp is calculated by optical flow method. Its advantage is to realize real-time quantitative monitoring of male rabbit's "heat panting" and "heat flaccid" behavior.

[0058] (2) Edge computing decision layer (central control module):

[0059] The core controller uses an embedded industrial computer with NPU acceleration unit, such as NVIDIA Jetson series, which runs a Linux-based control system internally. This module is responsible for receiving perception layer data, running the following mathematical model algorithm, and sending instructions to the execution layer. Its advantage is that it has strong local computing power and can complete real-time inference in milliseconds without uploading to the cloud, ensuring the timeliness of control.

[0060] (3) Precise execution layer:

[0061] Environmental control equipment: including variable frequency negative pressure fan installed on the side wall of the rabbit house, wet curtain at the air inlet, atomizing spray system at the ridge with nozzle aperture of 0.1 mm, and fiber cloth air duct air supply system along the longitudinal direction of the rabbit house, which can supply air at fixed points.

[0062] Nutritional intervention equipment: a high-precision automatic dosing pump (model: Dosatron D25) connected to the main drinking water pipeline, and an automatic feeding system. The dosing pump can precisely adjust the concentration of additives in the drinking water according to instructions.

[0063] Lighting adjustment equipment: LED supplemental lighting strip installed above the rabbit cage, specifically containing the 620-660nm red light band, with a brightness of 80 Lux.

[0064] Part 1: 2. Implementation Methods, Steps, and Algorithm Logic

[0065] The core of this system's operation lies in its internal algorithm flow, the specific steps of which are as follows:

[0066] Step S1: Real-time data acquisition and preprocessing

[0067] The system collects environmental data T(t), H(t), and male rabbit vital signs data T every 5 minutes (Δt=5min). ear R resp The original data was denoised using Kalman filtering to remove outliers caused by the rabbit's violent movements or equipment vibration.

[0068] Traditional animal husbandry only collects air temperature and humidity data, which is an "environmental perspective." However, the essence of heat stress is the disruption of the organism's thermal balance, i.e., heat production > heat dissipation. This step introduces thermal imaging (ear temperature) and machine vision (respiration / posture) to obtain data from a "biological perspective." Ear temperature is a barometer of heat dissipation in rabbits (because rabbits have no sweat glands and rely on the dilation of blood vessels in their ears to dissipate heat), and ear temperature increases often precede changes in rectal temperature; respiratory rate reflects the degree of compensatory "panting heat dissipation"; and postural activity (such as whether the animal is limp) reflects the degree of metabolic inhibition.

[0069] Air temperature is an "external factor," while biological characteristics are an "internal factor." By using Kalman filtering to remove noise, instantaneous data fluctuations caused by equipment electromagnetic interference and rabbit fighting were eliminated, allowing the extraction of true physiological trend signals.

[0070] S1 collected T ear (Ear temperature) and R resp (Respiration) is the cumulative damage model S2. cum The key input variable is S1. Without biometric data from S1, the formula for S2 degenerates into the traditional THI index, failing to reflect individual differences. S1 is the "eye" of the entire closed-loop control, and its sampling frequency (5 minutes / time) determines the response speed of the subsequent MPC control (S4).

[0071] The "implicit heat stress" is captured. The reason is that the prior art often appears "the thermometer shows 24℃ (suitable), but the rabbit is still infertile". Through this step, the system may find that although the air temperature is 24℃, the local ammonia concentration is high or the humidity is large due to poor ventilation in some areas, causing the rabbit's ear temperature to abnormally rise (> 39℃). At this time, S1 can capture the deviation between this environmental data and the physical sign data, thereby triggering subsequent intervention. This is something that traditional single environmental monitoring cannot do.

[0072] Step S2: Calculate the cumulative damage index of slow heat stress CSCI

[0073] The system does not directly use the current temperature and humidity index THI as the basis for judgment, but calculates a cumulative index S cum (t) with memory function. This solves the defect of traditional methods that only look at instantaneous temperature and ignore the cumulative effect of heat on the body of the male rabbit.

[0074] Formula:

[0075] ;

[0076] S cum (t): the cumulative damage index of slow heat stress at the current time, the value range is [0, 1].

[0077] α: Metabolic recovery decay coefficient, set to 0.92. This coefficient simulates the rate of cortisol metabolism and cell repair in the male rabbit's body. The larger αα, the slower the recovery, which explains why the index is still high a few days after the high temperature ends.

[0078] : Sigmoid activation function, used to simulate the nonlinear characteristics of the organism's response to stress, that is, the damage rises exponentially after exceeding the threshold.

[0079] THI(t): temperature and humidity index calculated according to the current temperature and humidity, 27.8 as the basic heat stress threshold.

[0080] β: Individual correction factor, set to 0.5. Used to introduce ear temperature data to correct environmental data.

[0081] 38.5: Normal ear temperature reference value of male rabbit (℃).

[0082] This formula calculates iteratively so that S cum (t) contains historical heat load information. Even if the environmental temperature suddenly decreases, S cum (t) will remain at a high level due to the existence of S cum (t-1), and the system will continue to determine that it is in the "recovery period" and maintain intervention, thereby completely blocking implicit damage.

[0083] Organisms respond to stress with both an "integral effect" and a "hysteresis effect." Damage to the testicular seminiferous epithelium caused by high temperatures (such as mitochondrial vacuolation and DNA breaks) accumulates gradually, and repair takes time (the spermatogenesis cycle is about 45-50 days).

[0084] Iteration term This is the core concept. It simulates the body's "heat debt." Just like boiling water, the water temperature doesn't immediately drop to room temperature after the heat is turned off. Similarly, after the external temperature drops, it takes time for the body's cortisol levels and oxidative stress products (ROS) to be cleared. This is the physical meaning of the attenuation factor α.

[0085] Nonlinear terms The study simulated a "threshold mutation." Organisms have compensatory abilities; damage is negligible within a certain range (such as 25-27℃), but once the threshold is exceeded (such as 28℃), the damage will rise sharply in an S-shaped curve.

[0086] S2 transforms the discrete data of S1 into continuous state variables S with historical memory. cum S cum It is the sole basis for calculating nutrient absorption rate (coupling term) and determining whether to turn on red light (recovery period determination) in S3. It acts as the "decision brain" of the system.

[0087] This effectively solves the industry pain point of "delayed autumn mating." The reason is that existing technologies cease all intervention when temperatures drop to below 25℃ in early autumn. However, the S calculated in this step... cum At this point, the temperature may still be as high as 0.6 (due to the effect of alpha, historical damage has not been eliminated). Based on this, the system determines that although the weather is cool, the male rabbit is still in a "severe injury recovery period," and therefore continues to maintain high nutrition and red light therapy. This "precise treatment across time and space" is an optimization direction that technicians relying solely on current thermometers could never have imagined.

[0088] Step S3: Generate a control strategy based on the synergistic effect model

[0089] The system calculates S cum (t), using a collaborative model to calculate the dosage concentration C of nutrient additives (taking NCG as an example). NCG And lighting parameters.

[0090] formula: ;

[0091] ;

[0092] E eff (t): Expected physiological repair efficacy.

[0093] C NCG(t): NCG's adding concentration (%).

[0094] : Environmental-nutrition coupling term, λ=2.5 is the impedance coefficient.

[0095] : LED red light illumination.

[0096] Coupling term A key mechanism is revealed: when the cumulative stress S cum is too high, simply increasing the nutrition C NCG will be exponentially inhibited due to poor intestinal absorption. Therefore, the algorithm forces to first increase the fan power to reduce S cum , and then increase the NCG concentration when the coupling term value rises, so as to achieve the best synergy of "first physical cooling, then nutrition repair".

[0097] Illumination control logic ensures that red light is only turned on during the recovery period when the environmental temperature is suitable (<25℃) and still needs repair (S cum >0.3), avoiding turning on the light during the high-temperature period to increase the heat load, and accurately promoting the recovery of testosterone.

[0098] Under heat stress, blood flows to the surface (ears) for heat dissipation, and the blood flow to the internal organs (intestines, testes) decreases, leading to ischemia and hypoxia. At this time, the intestinal barrier function is impaired, and the absorption capacity of nutrients is greatly reduced.

[0099] The term is a decay function. It mathematically expresses that when the stress index S cum is very high, the effectiveness of nutritional intervention will tend to zero. This explains why feeding more nutrients is a waste if you don't cool down first. Red light PBM mechanism: 620-660nm red light can activate cytochrome C oxidase, increase mitochondrial membrane potential, and promote ATP synthesis. This is an excellent "charging" method for recovering spermatogenic cells in the "energy depletion" state.

[0100] S3 uses S cum of S2 to quantify the current "metabolic window" size. S3 outputs the theoretically optimal demand amount (such as 0.07% NCG), but the specific implementation also needs to consider the cost, which needs to be weighed by S4.

[0101] The synergistic effect of "1+1>3" is achieved, and the amount of additives is actually reduced. The reason is that the person skilled in the art generally believes that "the heavier the heat stress, the more drugs need to be added". But this step points out that in the extreme stress period (S cum ≈1), blindly adding drugs is not only ineffective (the coupling term is close to 0), but also increases the burden on the liver and kidneys. The system does the opposite, focusing on physical cooling in extreme heat, and then increasing Scum When the coupling term drops, the feeding of high-concentration NCG is precisely timed. This "off-peak feeding" strategy improves the absorption rate and avoids waste, resulting in unexpected economic and physiological benefits.

[0102] Step S4: Multi-objective dynamic optimization control (MPC)

[0103] The system combines the above model to solve the optimal control vector U within the next 2 hours opt .

[0104] Formula: ;

[0105] S target : Target health index, usually 0.

[0106] P elec , P chem : Real-time electricity price and NCG unit price, respectively.

[0107] w1, w2, w3: Weight coefficients, dynamically adjusted according to the economic value of the rabbits.

[0108] This algorithm balances between ensuring the health of the rabbits (the first item) and reducing operating costs (the second item). For example, during the night when electricity is cheap, the algorithm automatically increases the ventilation to pre-cool, thereby reducing the expensive spraying and drug consumption during the day.

[0109] Multi-objective dynamic optimization control MPC not only looks at the present, but also looks into the future. It is based on a model that predicts the state of the future N steps.

[0110] The w1 (health weight) and w2 (cost weight) in the formula are a pair of contradictions. The algorithm essentially seeks a Pareto optimal solution in a high-dimensional space.

[0111] The rabbit hutch building structure and air have thermal inertia. MPC will take advantage of this, for example, after the fan is turned on full, even if it is turned off immediately, the room temperature will not rise immediately. The algorithm will take advantage of this "coast" phase to save electricity. 2.

[0112] S3 provides a physiologically "optimal solution", and S4 modifies it to an "feasible solution" in engineering terms by considering economic factors. The execution result of S4 will change the environment and vital signs at the next moment, thereby affecting the next round of S1 collection, forming a complete closed loop.

[0113] Without reducing reproductive performance, the comprehensive energy consumption and drug cost is reduced by 15%-20%. The reason is the pre-cooling effect and dynamic matching. If it is predicted that it will be extremely hot at noon tomorrow, MPC will turn on the fan to ventilate powerfully at night when the electricity price is low, and reduce the wall heat storage in advance (reduce S cumThe benchmark value of S This "hit ahead" operation is absolutely impossible for manual control.

[0114] When the wet curtain cooling effect is good, the algorithm will automatically reduce the addition of NCG (because S cum Down, not so much medicine to resist stress); When the humidity is large and the wet curtain cannot be opened, the algorithm will automatically increase NCG to compensate. This dynamic complementation eliminates excessive redundant investment and achieves unexpected cost control effect.

[0115] 3. Implementation process description (scenarios)

[0116] Scenario one: high temperature early warning period (environmental temperature 25-28℃)

[0117] The system detects S cum Start slowly rising. MPC algorithm calculation considers that there is no need to start high energy consumption wet curtain at this time, only instructs to deploy sunshade net, start natural ventilation, and intermittently start mechanical fan. At this time, the coupling term value is high, and the system instructs the medicine pump to add low dose (100mg / L) of astragalus polysaccharide in drinking water as a preventive antioxidant means.

[0118] Scenario two: severe heat stress period (environmental temperature >30℃, THI>29)

[0119] The sensor detects the breathing rate R resp Rapidly increased, ear temperature T ear Exceeded 39℃, S cum Rapidly approaches 1.0.

[0120] Environmental action: the system immediately starts full power mode: roof atomization spray is opened, fan speed is 100%, fiber cloth air pipe is aimed at the head of the rabbit for fixed point air supply, wind speed is 4m / s. For long rabbit house, the system executes "front three and rear four" strategy, focuses on strengthening atomization in fan section 3 / 7 area, and eliminates heat accumulation.

[0121] Nutrition action: the algorithm calculation finds that the intestinal absorption function is limited at this time, the coupling term is very low, so the drinking water astragalus polysaccharide is temporarily maintained, but the NCG addition amount in the diet formula is increased to 0.07%, which uses NCG to promote vasodilation and GSH synthesis to assist the body to resist oxidative damage.

[0122] Scenario three: slow heat stress recovery period (after high temperature, environmental temperature <25℃)

[0123] The outside temperature cools down, but it is often ignored in traditional breeding. The system calculation finds that S cum Is still 0.5, and due to the effect of time decay factor α, it is determined that the buck is still in "sub-health" state.

[0124] Light action: The system activates LED red light (620-660nm), 14 hours of light per day, intensity 80Lux, stimulates testicular interstitial cell mitochondria, and accelerates testosterone secretion.

[0125] Nutrition action: At this time, the coupling term value is close to 1, and the absorption efficiency is high. The system maintains a high level of NCG supply (0.05%), quickly repairs the damaged spermatogenic epithelial cells in the early stage, and reduces S cum to 0.1 or less.

[0126] The working principle of the system is based on digital twinning technology. It is not just a temperature switch for the fan, but through the fusion of environmental and vital sign data, a virtual physiological state mirror of the rabbit is constructed inside the computer using the cumulative damage model. The system predicts the response of this virtual mirror under different control methods (MPC algorithm), and reverses the optimal physical (environment), chemical (nutrition) and biological (light) intervention scheme. This mechanism ensures that the rabbit is always in the best physiological protection state during the "before, during and after" of heat stress.

[0127] The embodiment scheme has remarkable beneficial effects:

[0128] High precision: By introducing ear temperature correction and cumulative damage algorithm, the blind area of traditional THI index that cannot reflect individual differences and historical heat load is eliminated, and accurate quantification of slow heat stress is realized.

[0129] Synergistic effect: The coupling relationship between environmental cooling and nutritional intervention is clearly defined through mathematical modeling, realizing the scientific synergy of "physical cooling opening, nutritional repair following, and light recovery ending", which increases the amount of sperm collection by 20%-24% and improves sperm motility by 15%-20%.

[0130] Low cost: The MPC optimization algorithm avoids the invalid opening of the device and the blind use of drugs, and the zoning air supply strategy makes the traditional simple rabbit house achieve good cooling effect without expensive modification, and the comprehensive operation cost is reduced by about 15%.

[0131] Experimental verification part

[0132] In order to verify the actual effect of the "public rabbit slow heat stress prediction and precise control system and method based on multi-modal data fusion" described in the invention, we carried out a 90-day comparative test in a large-scale rabbit breeding base.

[0133] I. Experimental design and steps

[0134] 1. Experimental time and place

[0135] Time: July 1st to September 30th (covering the typical high temperature and high humidity season and the subsequent autumn cooling period in the region).

[0136] Location: A standardized rabbit farm in Jiangsu Province, using the same semi-open rabbit house.

[0137] 2. Experimental subjects

[0138] Select 90 healthy New Zealand male rabbits of the same breed, age (8-10 months), similar body weight, and whose initial semen quality has no significant difference confirmed by pre-experiment.

[0139] Randomly divided into 3 groups, 30 in each group, single-cage feeding.

[0140] 3. Experimental grouping and treatment scheme

[0141] Control group:

[0142] Environmental control: Use traditional manual management. When the hanging thermometer in the shed shows ≥28℃, manually turn on the fan and wet curtain; turn off when the temperature is <28℃.

[0143] Nutrition scheme: Feed basic daily ration, drink ordinary clean water.

[0144] Lighting scheme: Natural light.

[0145] Traditional intervention group:

[0146] Environmental control: Same as the control group.

[0147] Nutrition scheme: Add vitamin C (500mg / L) and electrolytes in the drinking water throughout the period (July-September). This is the current industry's common anti-stress "long-term scheme".

[0148] Lighting scheme: Natural light.

[0149] Inventive group:

[0150] System deployment: Install thermal imaging cameras, temperature and humidity sensors, and run the intelligent control system described in the invention.

[0151] Running logic:

[0152] Data collection: Collect ear temperature, respiratory rate, and environmental data every 5 minutes.

[0153] Cumulative index calculation: Calculate the slow heat stress cumulative damage index (CSCI) according to the formula in the example, where the metabolic decay coefficient α=0.9.

[0154] Synergistic regulation:

[0155] Environment: Automatic adjustment of fan speed and fixed-point air supply according to MPC algorithm; when CSCI rises, physical cooling is preferentially started.

[0156] Nutrition: Dynamic addition of N-carbamoyl glutamate (NCG) and astragalus polysaccharide. Only when the environmental-nutritional coupling item value meets the standard, the high-concentration feeding of NCG (0.05%-0.07%) is instructed by the drug pump; when CSCI is low, the feeding is reduced or stopped.

[0157] Light: In September, when the system detects that CSCI is still >0.1, the LED red light (620-660nm, 80Lux, 14h / day) is automatically turned on during the recovery period (air temperature <25℃).

[0158] 4. Detection index and method

[0159] Environmental and algorithmic indicators: Record daily shed temperature, CSCI index changes, water and electricity consumption, and drug costs.

[0160] Physiological and biochemical indicators: Blood samples were taken from the ear vein at the middle (August 1st), end (August 30th) and recovery (September 30th) of heat stress, and the serum testosterone content was measured.

[0161] Reproductive performance indicators: Semen was collected once a week, and the semen collection volume, sperm motility (A+B grade ratio), and sperm density were measured.

[0162] II. Experimental results and analysis of figures

[0163] 1. Analysis of the trend of cumulative heat stress injury index (CSCI) (corresponding to the attached Figure 1 : Comparison curve of cumulative heat stress injury index over time)

[0164] Result description:

[0165] As Figure 1 shown, during the high temperature period from July to August, the environmental temperature (gray dotted line) frequently fluctuated above 30℃.

[0166] The CSCI index of the control group (red solid line) rapidly climbed to a high level of 0.8-0.9 as the air temperature rose, indicating that the male rabbits suffered from severe cumulative heat load. It is worth noting that when the air temperature dropped below 24℃ in early September, the curve of the control group decreased, but did not immediately return to zero, but showed a long tail, indicating that heat damage has a lag. However, traditional management has mistakenly judged that there is no stress at this time, and all measures have been stopped.

[0167] The application group (green solid line) controls the CSCI index at a medium-low level of 0.4-0.5 through precooling and accurate cooling during the high-temperature period. More importantly, during the "recovery period of hidden damage" (the shaded area in the figure) from September 1 to September 15, the system recognizes that the CSCI has not decreased to the safety threshold, and continues to execute the red light and nutrient repair.

[0168] Technical effect proof: The figure proves that the algorithm model of the application can quantify and explicit "chronic heat stress", especially captures the recovery period risk ignored by traditional methods, thereby realizing accurate prevention and control throughout the cycle.

[0169] 2. Comparative analysis of testosterone levels and reproductive performance of male rabbits

[0170] (Corresponding to the attached Figure 2 : Column chart of testosterone levels and semen collection amount of different treatment groups of male rabbits)

[0171] Result description:

[0172] Mid-heat stress (August 1): The testosterone levels and semen collection amounts of the three groups are all inhibited by high temperature, but the application group is slightly higher than the other two groups, and the difference is not significant (P>0.05). It shows that the protection under high temperature is limited.

[0173] Recovery period (September 30): This is the most critical node. The testosterone level of the control group (blue column) is still low (1.8 ng / mL), and the semen collection amount is only 0.6 mL, indicating that although the weather has been cool for a month, its reproductive function has not recovered (typical "autumn lag" phenomenon). The traditional intervention group (yellow column) has improved, but the effect is general.

[0174] The application group (red column) shows amazing rebound: the testosterone level recovers to 4.8 ng / mL, and the semen collection amount reaches 1.1 mL, which is significantly higher than that of the control group (P<0.01), and has basically recovered to the normal level in the non-heat stress season.

[0175] Technical effect proof: The results strongly prove the effectiveness of the application in introducing the "red light + continuous NCG" synergistic repair strategy during the recovery period, successfully shortening the reproductive recovery period of male rabbits from 45-60 days to 15-20 days.

[0176] 3. Verification of environmental-nutrition coupling synergistic mechanism (corresponding to the attached Figure 3 : Environmental-nutrition coupling synergistic mechanism thermodynamic diagram)

[0177] Result description:

[0178] The thermodynamic diagram shows the relationship between "physiological repair efficiency" and "THI index" and "NCG concentration".

[0179] The area in the lower right corner of the figure (THI > 32, NCG high concentration) appears dark blue (low efficiency), which verifies that at extremely high temperatures, the body's metabolism is disordered, and blindly feeding high-concentration NCG not only cannot be absorbed, but also causes waste.

[0180] The middle area on the left side of the figure (THI < 28, NCG moderate) appears bright red (high efficiency).

[0181] The control path (white dotted arrow) of the application group strictly follows the gradient from blue to red: first, lower THI through physical cooling, and then increase the concentration of NCG.

[0182] Technical effect proof: the figure reveals the underlying mechanism of the application - using physical cooling to create a "metabolic window" for nutrient absorption. This explains why the application group can achieve better physiological indicators with less drug dosage, proving that "synergy" is better than "addition".

[0183] 4. Cost-benefit and comprehensive performance evaluation (corresponding to the description Figure 4 : Radar chart of multi-objective optimization of operating cost and breeding benefit)

[0184] Result description:

[0185] The intelligent group of the application (red area) greatly expands in the "sperm density", "motility" and "breeding rate" three benefit indicator axes, and the coverage area is significantly larger than the traditional group.

[0186] On the two reverse indicator axes of "water, electricity and energy consumption" and "additive cost" (the closer to the center, the lower the cost), the red area does not expand outward, but is slightly better than the blue area. The data shows that although the application group uses NCG with a higher unit price, the total drug cost is actually 12% lower than the traditional group (blindly adding VC throughout the period) due to the MPC algorithm which avoids ineffective feeding (such as not feeding in extreme heat and not feeding in non-heat); At the same time, by using the low valley electricity price to pre-ventilate, the electricity cost is reduced by 8%.

[0187] Technical effect proof: the figure proves that the MPC multi-objective optimization algorithm of the application successfully solves the contradiction between "high output usually means high input", realizes the win-win of "performance improvement" and "cost control", and has extremely high popularization value.

[0188] In addition, the applicant also detects physiological and reproductive indicators, and conducts pathological analysis on testicular tissue sections, and obtains Figure 6 and Figure 7 , wherein Figure 6 are the physiological and reproductive indicator bar charts, which prove the intervention effect of NCG from the biochemical and physical structure angles:

[0189] Serum GSH content: measure the antioxidant capacity. HS group significantly increased to cope with oxidative damage, while the addition of NCG can help the body more efficiently remove free radicals.

[0190] Serum ACTH content: measure the intensity of the stress response. The results show that the program does not interfere with the normal increase of ACTH, but reduces the stress damage by protecting downstream tissues.

[0191] Serum T-AOC: reflect the overall antioxidant level of the body.

[0192] Area of seminiferous tubules: measure the physical index of testicular spermatogenic function. Heat stress (HS) will cause the atrophy of the tubule area to decrease, and the area of the HS+NCG group will significantly rise, indicating that the reproductive tissue is protected.

[0193] wherein Figure 7 and Figure 8 are the micrographs of testicular tissue, which are testicular section pictures after HE staining, taken under 100x and 400x microscopes, respectively, for intuitive comparison of tissue damage.

[0194] Figure 7 is the HS group, the testicular structure is identifiable, the seminiferous tubules are arranged loosely, the interstitium is slightly edematous and widened (blue arrow), and a small amount of inflammatory cells (yellow arrow) are seen; the spermatogenic cells of the seminiferous tubules are arranged in disorder, and there are red flocculent substances (black arrow) in the lumen, and the spermatogenic cells are severely vacuolated (red arrow).

[0195] Figure 8 is the HS+NCG group, the testicular structure is identifiable, the seminiferous tubules are arranged loosely, the interstitium is slightly edematous and widened (blue arrow), and the degree of loosening and edema widening is significantly lighter than that of HS; the spermatogenic cells of the seminiferous tubules are arranged in disorder, and the spermatogenic cells are slightly to moderately vacuolated (red arrow).

[0196] The present application not only improves the external environment through physical means (cooling), but also repairs the reproductive damage of male rabbits at the molecular and tissue levels and maintains their sperm production capacity through nutritional intervention (addition of NCG).

[0197] Although the present application has been disclosed as above with preferred embodiments, it is not intended to limit the present application. Those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the present application can make various modifications and improvements. Therefore, the protection scope of the present application shall be subject to the definition of the claims.

Claims

1. A method for improving the reproductive inhibition of male rabbits caused by slow-onset heat stress, characterized in that, This method is executed by a computer system and includes the following steps: Step S1: Multimodal data acquisition, using environmental sensors placed in the rabbit hutch and non-contact biosensors for male rabbits to collect environmental status data and male rabbit physiological characterization data in real time; Step S2: Construct a slow heat stress cumulative damage model. Based on the environmental state data and the physiological characterization data of the male rabbits, use an iterative algorithm with a time decay factor to calculate the slow heat stress cumulative damage index, which reflects the degree of chronic heat load on the male rabbits. Step S3: Generate a multi-factor synergistic regulation strategy. Input the slow heat stress cumulative damage index into a preset physiological-environmental synergistic regulation model. This model includes the coupling relationship of three dimensions: environmental cooling, nutritional intervention and light regulation. Calculate the optimal control vector at the current moment. The control vector includes the operating parameters of the ventilation equipment, the operating parameters of the sprinkler equipment, the concentration of the nutrient additive, and the parameters of the supplemental lighting equipment. Step S4: Execute dynamic feedback control. Based on the optimal control vector, send control commands to the environmental control equipment and automatic feeding equipment in the rabbit house, and update the control strategy for the next moment based on real-time feedback.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S1, the environmental status data includes the air temperature, relative humidity, and wind speed inside the rabbit hutch; The physiological characterization data of the male rabbits include ear temperature acquired by thermal imaging, respiratory rate and postural activity extracted by machine vision. In step S2, the specific logic for calculating the cumulative damage index of slow heat stress is as follows: the cumulative damage index at the current moment is equal to the index at the previous moment multiplied by the metabolic recovery decay coefficient, plus the weighted value of the instantaneous heat stress intensity at the current moment. The metabolic recovery attenuation coefficient is used to simulate the self-repair process of a male rabbit after the heat environment is removed. The instantaneous heat stress intensity is a nonlinear mapping value obtained by correcting the ambient temperature and humidity index using the ear temperature of the male rabbit.

3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S3, the physiological-environmental synergistic regulation model determines the concentration of nutrient additives based on the following logic: A negative exponential correlation was established between the efficacy of nutritional intervention and the cumulative damage index of slow-heat stress. That is, when the cumulative damage index of slow-heat stress exceeds a preset threshold, it is determined that simply increasing the absorption and conversion rate of nutritional additives will decrease. The system prioritizes increasing the amount of environmental cooling control to reduce the damage index. After the damage index falls back to the effective range, the concentration of nutritional additives is increased to achieve synergistic effect of physical cooling followed by nutritional repair.

4. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S3, the optimal control vector is calculated using the model predictive control algorithm, which solves the control sequence within a preset time period by minimizing the total cost function. The total cost function consists of three weighted parts: the first part is the sum of squares of the deviation between the cumulative damage index of slow heat stress and the target health value; the second part is the economic cost of implementing environmental control and nutritional provision; and the third part is the negative value of the male rabbit's reproductive performance gain based on the damage index. The system dynamically adjusts the weights based on current electricity prices, feed additive prices, and the reproductive value of male rabbits, seeking the control combination with the lowest operating costs while ensuring reproductive performance.

5. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The nutritional additives include N-carbamoylglutamic acid or L-arginine, and astragalus polysaccharide; in step S4, the system executes the following hierarchical regulation logic according to the optimal control vector: When the ambient temperature is greater than or equal to 25℃ and less than 28℃, the instruction is to deploy the shade net and combine natural ventilation with timed mechanical ventilation. When the ambient temperature is greater than or equal to 28℃ and less than 30℃, the automatic dosing equipment is instructed to add Astragalus polysaccharide to the drinking water, with the concentration controlled at 100-200mg / L, and to start the intermittent atomizing spray on the roof. When the ambient temperature is greater than or equal to 30℃, the automatic dosing equipment is instructed to continuously add Astragalus polysaccharide to the drinking water and add 0.05%-0.07% N-carbamoylglutamic acid or 0.5%-0.7% L-arginine to the diet; at the same time, the fixed-point air supply mode is activated and the wind speed is adjusted to 4m / s.

6. The method according to claim 5, characterized in that, For rabbit hutches exceeding 50 meters in length, the control commands follow a "three-in-the-front, four-in-the-back" zone coordination principle: The rabbit hutch is divided into a fan section and an air intake section. The system controls the ventilation in the area closest to the fan section, simultaneously turning on the indoor misting spray and ceiling fans. In the remaining area, a differentiated ventilation strategy is implemented to solve the problem of uneven temperature in long-distance rabbit hutches.

7. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S3, the supplementary lighting device parameters in the control vector are activated only when the ambient temperature drops below 25°C and the system is in a slow thermal stress recovery period. The specific control logic is as follows: Seven days before the preset mating time, control the LED light source to emit red light with a wavelength of 620-660nm, with the irradiation position located above the rabbit cage, control the light duration to be 12-14 hours per day, and keep the illuminance constant at 80Lux. At the same time, maintain the addition of 0.05%-0.07% N-carbamoylglutamic acid or 0.5%-0.7% L-arginine in the diet until the testosterone level or semen quality indicators of the male rabbits are monitored to return to normal.

8. The method according to claim 3, characterized in that, The N-carbamoylglutamate, as a key regulatory factor, was designed in the model to promote glutathione synthesis by regulating the arginine metabolic pathway. The system dynamically adjusted the amount of N-carbamoylglutamate added based on the monitored duration of heat stress in order to maintain the redox balance in the male rabbit and protect the integrity of the spermatogenic cell membrane.

9. An intelligent control system for improving the reproductive inhibition of male rabbits caused by slow-heat stress, characterized in that, include: The sensing module includes temperature and humidity sensors, wind speed sensors, thermal imaging cameras and visible light cameras distributed in the rabbit hutch for monitoring the vital signs of male rabbits. A central control module is configured with a processor and a memory, the memory storing a computer program, and the processor executing the program to implement the steps of the method as described in any one of claims 1 to 8; The actuator includes a variable frequency fan, an intelligent wet curtain, a roof spray solenoid valve, a fiber cloth duct air supply system, an LED red light adjustment group, and an automatic precision dosing pump connected to the drinking water and feeding pipelines; the actuator is communicatively connected to the central control module to receive and execute control commands.

10. A computer-readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, characterized in that, When the computer program is executed by a processor, it implements the method as described in any one of claims 1 to 8.

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