Application of 2-amino-3-indolyl butyric acid as plant phytotoxicity alleviator

Abstract

The invention discloses an application of 2-amino-3-indolyl butyric acid as a plant phytotoxicity alleviator. According to the application of the 2-amino-3-indolyl butyric acid in the preparation of the plant phytotoxicity alleviator, the concentration of the 2-amino-3-indolyl butyric acid in the preparation is 10-1000 nM. The 2-amino-3-indolyl butyric acid is found to be capable of effectively relieving plant phytotoxicity through seed soaking treatment, and the yield of plants is increased. Under the concentration of 1000nM, the damage of the fluridine.pentus.fenitrothion and the fenitrothion .ethylicin to the rice seeds is relieved in a seed soaking manner, so that the purpose of strengthening the seedlings is achieved; when the concentration is 100 nM, the pesticide damage of isoproturon to wheat seeds can be relieved, and the germination rate, bud length and root length of the wheat seeds are remarkably increased. The 2-amino-3-indolyl butyric acid is a natural product, is low in dosage and environment-friendly, and can effectively relieve plant phytotoxicity, so that the 2-amino-3-indolyl butyric acid is a green and efficient biological source plant phytotoxicity alleviator.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The application belongs to the field of agricultural biological pesticides, and relates to application of 2-amino-3-indolyl butyric acid as a plant pesticide damage alleviating agent. BACKGROUND

[0002] During the growth of crops, they often face various threats from diseases, pests and weeds. In order to enable crops to better resist diseases and pests and increase yield, the use of pesticides is essential. However, pesticides can have potential toxic effects on crops and bring certain influences on the quality and safety of agricultural products and the ecological environment.

[0003] Rice seedling blight, also known as the elongated disease, is a fungal disease caused by Gibberella fujikuroi species complex. This disease not only causes a significant reduction in rice yield, but also poses a food safety problem and threatens human health due to the toxic substances produced by the pathogen. Seed-borne seeds are one of the main transmission routes of rice seedling blight, and therefore, seed soaking with pesticides is an economical and efficient control method. Currently, the widely used fludioxonil·pentachloronitrobenzene and cartap·ethionine have been proven to have significant effects in preventing rice seedling blight and dry tip nematode disease. However, research has found that 12% fludioxonil·pentachloronitrobenzene dispersible powder at 800 times the liquid concentration has a negative impact on the germination and seedling growth of Nangjing 5055 seeds (Zhou Bin et al., 2023). In addition, 17% cartap·ethionine at 88.9 times and 66.7 times the liquid concentration for seed soaking also significantly inhibited the germination and seedling growth of rice seeds, and 133.3 times the liquid concentration for seed soaking significantly reduced the germination rate and seedling rate of seeds (Gudonghua et al., 2014).

[0004] Chemical herbicides play an important role in weed control and yield improvement in the field, but excessive use of chemical herbicides can have a negative impact on crop growth. Studies have shown that when using 50% isopropylol wettable powder at a concentration of 40 mg / L and above, the germination rate, root length and bud length of wheat are significantly lower than those of the water control group without using pesticides (Cui Lina et al., 2017). In addition, some researchers have also found that the use of isopropylol weakens the frost resistance of wheat seedlings, and the higher the dose, the greater the damage. Especially under low temperature conditions, isopropylol can cause serious phytotoxicity to wheat (Meng Dandan et al., 2019). Therefore, in view of the phytotoxicity problems faced by different crops in actual production, it is urgent to develop products and technologies that can alleviate these phytotoxicity problems to ensure the safe production of agriculture.

[0005] At present, some plant pesticide injury alleviating agents have been found, such as brassinolide, brassinolide, and aminobutyric acid. Studies have shown that brassinosteroids can reduce the degree of plant damage caused by pesticides by regulating active oxygen and mitogen-activated protein kinase pathways (Peng Xiaqin et al., 2015); brassinolide can increase the thousand-grain weight and spike grain number of wheat when sprayed at the early stage of herbicide injury, thereby increasing the yield of wheat (Zuo Lipo, 2023); gamma-aminobutyric acid can not only reduce the absorption of pesticides by plants through stomatal movement, but also alleviate the damage caused by pesticides through active oxygen signaling (Shan Qing, 2023). At present, with the gradual deepening of the concept of green ecological environmental protection, people pay more attention to crop safety. Due to the gradual strictness of the international standard for the residue limit of plant chemicals, it is particularly urgent and important to seek green, efficient and environmentally friendly plant pesticide injury alleviating agents.

[0006] 2-amino-3-indolyl butyric acid (MTR) has a molecular formula of C 12 H 14 N2O2, with a molecular weight of 218 g / mol, is a light brown crystal. Studies have shown that 2-amino-3-indolyl butyric acid is an intermediate product in the biosynthesis pathway of some natural products such as Maremycin and Streptonigrin with anticancer activity (Zou et al., 2013; Kong et al., 2016). The first step in the synthesis of Streptonigrin by Streptomyces flocculus may be the synthesis of 2-amino-3-indolyl butyric acid (Gould & Chaug, 1977). Hartley et al. conducted in vitro catalytic experiments using enzymes from Streptomyces flocculus and found that the methyl group of s-adenosylmethionine can be transferred to tryptophan to synthesize 2-amino-3-indolyl butyric acid (Hartley & Speedie, 1984). The inventors successfully isolated and purified 2-amino-3-indolyl butyric acid from fungi in an early stage. Studies on its activity showed that in terms of resisting biological stress, MTR can effectively inhibit the occurrence and spread of viruses, fungi and bacteria on plant leaves; in terms of inducing plant resistance to abiotic stress, MTR can effectively alleviate the damage caused by high temperature, low temperature, drought and salt stress to plants (ZL202210895186.6). In addition, MTR can promote the growth and development of plants (ZL202210150637.3). Currently, there is no related research, report or patent on MTR alleviating plant pesticide injury, which is the innovation of this patent. SUMMARY

[0007] The purpose of the present application is to overcome the above-mentioned shortcomings of the prior art and provide the application of 2-amino-3-indolyl butyric acid as a pesticide injury alleviating agent.

[0008] The objective of this invention can be achieved through the following technical solutions:

[0009] The application of 2-amino-3-indolebutyric acid in the preparation of plant phytotoxicity alleviators, wherein the concentration of 2-amino-3-indolebutyric acid in the formulation is 10-1000 nM.

[0010] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the application of 2-amino-3-indolylbutyric acid in the preparation of a phytotoxicity mitigator for alleviating the damage of fluroxypyr·pentyl·methoxypyr to the seed germination and / or seedlings of gramineous crops, wherein the concentration of 2-amino-3-indolylbutyric acid in the formulation is preferably 10-1000 nM.

[0011] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the application of 2-amino-3-indolylbutyric acid in the preparation of a phytotoxicity mitigator for alleviating the damage of phorate-ethyl to seed germination and / or seedlings of gramineous crops is described, wherein the concentration of 2-amino-3-indolylbutyric acid in the formulation is preferably 10-1000 nM.

[0012] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the application of 2-amino-3-indolylbutyric acid in the preparation of a phytotoxicity mitigator for isoproturon to alleviate the damage to seed germination and / or seedlings of gramineous crops is described, wherein the concentration of 2-amino-3-indolylbutyric acid in the formulation is preferably 10-1000 nM.

[0013] The gramineous crops described in this invention include, but are not limited to, wheat and rice.

[0014] Application of 2-amino-3-indolebutyric acid in alleviating plant phytotoxicity, with a concentration of 10–1000 nM.

[0015] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the application of 2-amino-3-indolylbutyric acid in alleviating the damage of fluroxypyr·pentylene·methrin to the seed germination and / or seedlings of gramineous crops, wherein the concentration of 2-amino-3-indolylbutyric acid is preferably 10 to 1000 nM.

[0016] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the application of 2-amino-3-indolylbutyric acid in alleviating the damage of methamidophos and ethoxysulfuron to the seed germination and / or seedlings of gramineous crops, wherein the concentration of 2-amino-3-indolylbutyric acid is preferably 10 to 1000 nM.

[0017] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the application of 2-amino-3-indolylbutyric acid in alleviating the damage of isoproturon to the germination of seeds and / or seedlings of gramineous crops, wherein the concentration of 2-amino-3-indolylbutyric acid is preferably 10 to 1000 nM.

[0018] The gramineous crops described in this invention include, but are not limited to, wheat and rice.

[0019]

[0020] Existing research on 2-amino-3-indolylbutyric acid, represented by formula (I), has not included reports in the field of plant phytotoxicity mitigation agents. This invention has discovered that 2-amino-3-indolylbutyric acid exhibits good effects in relevant plant phytotoxicity mitigation experiments, and can help plants alleviate pesticide damage problems.

[0021] The method for using the natural product 2-amino-3-indolylbutyric acid to alleviate plant phytotoxicity is detailed below, and the implementation plan is as follows: It can effectively alleviate plant phytotoxicity problems in the concentration range of 10 to 1000 nM.

[0022] A method for mitigating phytotoxicity of rice caused by fluazinam·pentylene·carbendazim and / or carbendazim·ethoxysulfuron was tested. The experiment involved soaking seeds in a mixture of pesticides and 2-amino-3-indoleylbutyric acid at concentrations ranging from 10 to 1000 nM. Results showed that compared to the control group without 2-amino-3-indoleylbutyric acid, the germination rate, shoot length, and root length of rice seeds in the experimental group were significantly increased. This result indicates that 2-amino-3-indoleylbutyric acid can effectively alleviate the damage caused by these two pesticides to rice seed germination and seedling growth.

[0023] A method for mitigating isoproturon-induced phytotoxicity in wheat was investigated. The experiment involved soaking wheat seeds in a solution of isoproturon and 2-amino-3-indolebutyric acid at concentrations ranging from 10 to 1000 nM. Results showed that compared to the control group without 2-amino-3-indolebutyric acid, the germination rate, shoot length, and root length of the wheat seeds in the experimental group were significantly increased. This result indicates that 2-amino-3-indolebutyric acid can effectively alleviate the damage caused by isoproturon to wheat seed germination and seedling growth.

[0024] Technological advancement and beneficial effects

[0025] The main advantages and positive effects of this invention are as follows:

[0026] 2-Amino-3-indolylbutyric acid is a natural product with a simple structure, making it easy to produce industrially. Since this invention confirms that 2-amino-3-indolylbutyric acid can alleviate phytotoxicity, it has the potential to be developed into a natural phytotoxicity alleviator.

[0027] This invention discovers that 2-amino-3-indolylbutyric acid (2-amino-3-indolylbutyric acid) can effectively alleviate phytotoxicity and increase plant yield through seed soaking. At a concentration of 1000 nM, seed soaking alleviates the damage to rice seeds caused by fluazinam·pentylene-methyl and cypermethrin·ethoxysulfuron, promoting strong seedling growth. At a concentration of 100 nM, it can alleviate the phytotoxicity of isoproturon to wheat seeds, significantly improving germination rate, shoot length, and root length. 2-amino-3-indolylbutyric acid is a natural product, requires low dosage, is environmentally friendly, and effectively alleviates phytotoxicity, thus making it a green and highly efficient bio-based phytotoxicity alleviator. This highlights the utilization value and application prospects of this type of substance in agricultural production.

[0028] This invention discovers that soaking seeds with 2-amino-3-indolebutyric acid can alleviate pesticide damage to plants. 2-Amino-3-indolebutyric acid is easy to use, solving production problems that traditional agronomic methods cannot address, and saving production costs. Furthermore, because 2-amino-3-indolebutyric acid is a naturally occurring, structurally simple metabolite belonging to the α-amino acid family, it exhibits high environmental and biological safety, falling into the category of green and highly efficient biochemical pesticides. Attached Figure Description

[0029] Figure 1 Effects of different concentrations of 2-amino-3-indolylbutyric acid, amino oligosaccharide, and fluazinam·pentyl·carbendazim mixed soaking on rice seed germination and seedling growth

[0030] Figure 2 Effects of Gibberellin mixed with fluazinam·pentazocine·methrin on rice seed germination and seedling growth

[0031] Figure 3 Effects of different concentrations of 2-amino-3-indolylbutyric acid, amino oligosaccharide, and methamidophos-ethyl allicin on rice seed germination and seedling growth

[0032] Figure 4 Effects of gibberellin mixed with cypermethrin and ethoxysulfuron on rice seed germination and seedling growth

[0033] Figure 5 Effects of different concentrations of mixed soaking of 2-amino-3-indolylbutyric acid, amino oligosaccharide, gibberellin and isoproturon on wheat seed germination and seedling growth Detailed Implementation

[0034] The inventors conducted research on the bioactivity, applicability, and crop safety of 2-amino-3-indolylbutyric acid, discovering that this substance also has a unique role in alleviating phytotoxicity and possesses advantages such as environmental friendliness, wide applicability, and safe use. It is a natural phytotoxicity alleviator and has the potential to be developed into a biopesticide. The essential features of this invention can be seen from the following embodiments and examples, but these should not be considered as any limitation on the invention.

[0035] Example 1: 2-Amino-3-indolylbutyric acid alleviates the damage to rice seed germination and seedlings caused by fluazinam·pentyl·methoxyfenozide.

[0036] Rinse the rice seeds (variety "Dengliangyou 2108") with distilled water, disinfect with 75% alcohol for 3 minutes, rinse three times with distilled water, and then disinfect with NaClO (5%) for about 10 minutes. After removing the seeds, rinse them with distilled water and then use clean filter paper to absorb any remaining moisture on the seed surface until the surface is dry. Select 4g of healthy, plump, and uniform seeds and place them in 50mL centrifuge tubes. Add 8mL of water, 10, 100, and 1000nM (nanomoles / liter) aqueous solutions of 2-amino-3-indolylbutyric acid, and 0.1% amino oligosaccharide (active ingredient content: 5%, Hainan Zhengye Zhongnong Gaoke Co., Ltd.) to each tube. Then add 0.02g of fluazinam·pentyl·methoxyfenozide (total active ingredient content: 12%, Hebei Bojia Agricultural Co., Ltd.) (400 times dilution) to each tube. 400 Stir to ensure the seeds are completely submerged in the solution. After soaking at room temperature for 48 hours, do not rinse, and proceed directly to germination. Each experiment was conducted in triplicate. In each replicate, 30 rice seeds were randomly selected using tweezers and placed in a petri dish pre-lined with moistened filter paper. The dishes were then placed in a 28°C incubator for germination. After 3 days, the seed germination rate, shoot length, and root length were measured and recorded. The results are shown in Table 1.

[0037] To determine whether 2-amino-3-indolylbutyric acid could alleviate the phytotoxicity of the rice seed soaking agent fluazinam·pentyl·methrin, a 0.1 g / L gibberellin (purity: 90%, Shanghai Yuanye Biotechnology Co., Ltd.) with growth-promoting function was selected as a positive control for the experiment, and the method was the same as above. The results are shown in Table 2.

[0038] Table 1. Effects of different concentrations of 2-amino-3-indolylbutyric acid (MTR), amino oligosaccharide, and fluazinam·pentazocine·carbendazim seed soaking on rice seed germination rate, shoot length, and root length.

[0039]

[0040] From Table 1 and Appendix Figure 1It was found that soaking seeds in a 400-fold dilution of fluazinam·pentyl·methoxyfenozide significantly reduced seed germination rate, shoot length, and root length by 10%, 11%, and 41%, respectively, compared to the control. With the addition of 2-amino-3-indolebutyric acid (2-amino-3-indolebutyric acid), the damage to rice seed germination rate and root length caused by fluazinam·pentyl·methoxyfenozide gradually lessened with increasing concentration. Compared to the fluazinam·pentyl·methoxyfenozide treatment, the presence of 10 nM and 100 nM 2-amino-3-indolebutyric acid increased rice seed germination rate by 4% and 7%, respectively, with a significant 14% increase in germination rate at the presence of 1000 nM 2-amino-3-indolebutyric acid. Furthermore, soaking seeds in an amino oligosaccharide solution increased seed germination rate by 4% compared to the fluazinam·pentyl·methoxyfenozide treatment, but the difference was not statistically significant. In the presence of 10 nM, 100 nM, and 1000 nM 2-amino-3-indoleylbutyric acid, shoot length increased by 24%, 12%, and 33% respectively compared to the fluazinam·pentylene·methoxyfenozide seed soaking treatment; in the presence of amino oligosaccharides, shoot length decreased by 3% compared to the fluazinam·pentylene·methoxyfenozide seed soaking treatment. In the presence of 10 nM, 100 nM, and 1000 nM 2-amino-3-indoleylbutyric acid, root length increased by 23%, 39%, and 52% respectively compared to the fluazinam·pentylene·methoxyfenozide seed soaking treatment; in the presence of amino oligosaccharides, root length decreased by 16% compared to the fluazinam·pentylene·methoxyfenozide seed soaking treatment. Clearly, the commercial plant immune activator amino oligosaccharides did not significantly alleviate herbicide damage in rice, indicating that the immune-activating function of 2-amino-3-indoleylbutyric acid could not be used to alleviate herbicide damage. Treatment with 2-amino-3-indolylbutyric acid at concentrations of 10–1000 nM significantly alleviated the phytotoxicity of fluazinam·pentyl·methrin on rice, with the 1000 nM concentration showing the best effect, achieving germination rate, shoot length, and root length of 103%, 119%, and 89% of the blank control, respectively.

[0041] Table 2. Effects of 0.1 g / L gibberellin and fluazinam·pentazocine·carbendazim seed soaking on rice seed germination rate, shoot length and root length.

[0042]

[0043] From Table 2 and Appendix Figure 2It was found that gibberellin soaking significantly increased rice seed germination rate, shoot length, and root length by 6%, 17%, and 20%, respectively, compared to the control group. Soaking in a 400-fold dilution of fluazinam·pentyl·methoxyfenozide severely reduced rice seed germination rate, decreasing it by 10% compared to the control group; seedling shoot length decreased by 15%; and root length decreased by 26%. Adding gibberellin to a 400-fold dilution of fluazinam·pentyl·methoxyfenozide reduced rice seed germination rate by 2%, but did not significantly alleviate the damage to shoot and root length. However, adding 1000 nM 2-amino-3-indolylbutyric acid to a 400-fold dilution of fluazinam·pentyl·methoxyfenozide increased rice seed germination rate by 23%, shoot length by 54%, and root length by 41% compared to the 400-fold dilution treatment. Clearly, while gibberellin promotes growth, it cannot alleviate the phytotoxicity caused by fluazinam·pentyl·methoxyfenozide to rice seeds. Soaking with 1000 nM 2-amino-3-indolylbutyric acid can effectively alleviate the phytotoxicity problem caused by the rice seed soaking agent fluroxypyr·pentyl·methoxypyr, and this is not due to its immune and growth-promoting activities.

[0044] Example 2: 2-Amino-3-indolylbutyric acid alleviates the damage of methamidophos and ethoxysulfuron to rice seed germination and seedlings.

[0045] Rinse rice seeds (variety "Dengliangyou 2108") with distilled water, disinfect with 75% alcohol for 3 minutes, rinse three times with distilled water, and then disinfect with NaClO (5%) for about 10 minutes. Afterward, rinse thoroughly with distilled water and use clean filter paper to absorb any remaining moisture on the seed surface until dry. Select 4g of healthy, plump, and uniform seeds and place them in 50mL centrifuge tubes. Add 8mL each of water, 10, 100, and 1000nM solutions of 2-amino-3-indolylbutyric acid, and 0.1% amino oligosaccharide to each tube. Then add 0.053g of chlorpyrifos·ethoxysulfuron (total effective ingredient content: 17%, Jiangsu Green Shield Plant Protection Pesticide Experimental Co., Ltd.) (150-fold dilution, S...) to each tube. 150 Stir to ensure the seeds are completely submerged in the solution. After soaking at room temperature for 48 hours, do not rinse, and proceed directly to germination. Each experiment was conducted in triplicate. In each replicate, 30 rice seeds were randomly selected using tweezers and placed in a petri dish pre-lined with moistened filter paper. The dishes were then placed in a 28°C incubator for germination. After 3 days, the germination rate, shoot length, and root length were recorded. The results are shown in Table 3.

[0046] To determine whether 2-amino-3-indolylbutyric acid could alleviate the phytotoxicity of the rice seed soaking agent thiophanate-methyl·ethoxysulfuron due to its growth-promoting activity, gibberellin (0.1 g / L), which has growth-promoting function, was selected as a positive control for the experiment, and the method was the same as above. The results are shown in Table 4.

[0047] Table 3. Effects of different concentrations of 2-amino-3-indolylbutyric acid, amino oligosaccharide, and methamidophos-ethylhexyl alcohol soaking on rice seed germination rate, shoot length, and root length.

[0048]

[0049] From Table 3 and Appendix Figure 3 It was found that, compared with the blank control, soaking rice seeds in a 150-fold dilution of methamidophos-ethyl allicin significantly reduced the germination rate by 11%, the seedling sprout length by 10%, and the root length by 19%. With the addition of 2-amino-3-indolylbutyric acid, the damage of methamidophos-ethyl allicin to the germination rate, sprout length, and root length of rice seeds gradually lessened with increasing concentration. Compared with the treatment of seed soaking with methamidophos and ethoxysulfuron, the germination rate of rice seeds was significantly increased by 9%, 13%, and 16% in the presence of 10 nM, 100 nM, and 1000 nM 2-amino-3-indolebutyric acid, respectively. The germination rate was increased by 11% in the presence of amino oligosaccharides. Compared with the treatment of seed soaking with methamidophos and ethoxysulfuron, the sprout length increased by 5% in the presence of amino oligosaccharides. The sprout length increased by 24%, 14%, and 30% in the presence of 10 nM and 1000 nM 2-amino-3-indolebutyric acid, respectively. The effect of 1000 nM 2-amino-3-indolebutyric acid on reducing sprout length was the most significant. In the presence of 10 nM, 100 nM, and 1000 nM 2-amino-3-indolylbutyric acid (2-amino-3-indolylbutyric acid), root length increased by 31%, 43%, and 72%, respectively, compared to the treatment with thiamethoxam and ethoxysulfate. The 1000 nM 2-amino-3-indolylbutyric acid treatment showed the most significant mitigation effect on root length, while the addition of amino oligosaccharides reduced root length by 5%. Clearly, the commercial plant immune activator amino oligosaccharides did not significantly alleviate herbicide damage to rice during seed soaking, while the various concentrations of 2-amino-3-indolylbutyric acid significantly alleviated the herbicide damage caused by thiamethoxam and ethoxysulfate. Furthermore, the 1000 nM concentration of 2-amino-3-indolylbutyric acid showed the best mitigation effect, with germination rate, shoot length, and root length reaching 103%, 117%, and 140% of the control, respectively.

[0050] Table 4. Effects of 0.1 g / L gibberellin and cypermethrin·ethoxysulfuron seed soaking on rice seed germination rate, shoot length and root length.

[0051]

[0052] From Table 4 and Appendix Figure 4It was found that, compared with the control group, soaking rice seeds in gibberellin increased the germination rate, seedling shoot length, and root length by 7%, 20%, and 20%, respectively. Soaking rice seeds in a 150-fold dilution of methamidophos and ethoxysulfuron decreased the germination rate by 18%, seedling shoot length by 10%, and root length by 20% compared with the control group. Adding gibberellin to the 150-fold dilution of methamidophos and ethoxysulfuron did not significantly alleviate the damage to the germination rate, shoot length, and root length. Specifically, the germination rate increased by 3%, shoot length showed no significant change, and root length increased by 12%, but the difference was not statistically significant. However, adding 1000 nM 2-amino-3-indolylbutyric acid to the 150-fold dilution of methamidophos and ethoxysulfuron significantly increased the germination rate, shoot length, and root length of rice seeds by 34%, 53%, and 35%, respectively. Clearly, the use of gibberellin did not significantly alleviate the damage to rice seeds caused by thiophanate-methyl and ethoxysulfuron, while 1000 nM 2-amino-3-indolylbutyric acid could effectively alleviate the phytotoxicity caused by the rice seed soaking agent thiophanate-methyl and ethoxysulfuron.

[0053] Example 3: 2-Amino-3-indolylbutyric acid alleviates the damage of isoproturon to wheat seed germination and seedlings.

[0054] Rinse wheat seeds (variety "Yangfumai 4") with distilled water, disinfect with 75% alcohol for 3 minutes, rinse three times with distilled water, and then disinfect with 5% NaClO for about 10 minutes. Afterward, rinse thoroughly with distilled water and use clean filter paper to absorb any remaining moisture on the seed surface until dry. Select 4g of healthy, plump, and uniform seeds and place them in 50mL centrifuge tubes. Add water, 10, 100, and 1000nM solutions of 2-amino-3-indolylbutyric acid, 0.1% amino oligosaccharide aqueous solution, and 8mL of 0.1g / L gibberellin to each tube. Then add 0.024g of isoproturon (active ingredient content: 50%, Jiangsu Kuida Agricultural Chemical Co., Ltd.) (3g / L) to each tube. Stir to completely submerge the seeds in the solution. After soaking for 48 hours, do not rinse and proceed directly to germination. Each experiment was conducted in triplicate. In each replicate, 30 rice seeds were randomly selected using tweezers and placed in a petri dish pre-lined with moistened filter paper. The dish was then incubated at 28°C until the wheat seeds showed signs of sprouting. After two days of dark treatment in a 4°C incubator, the seeds were germinated at 28°C. Germination rate, sprout length, and root length were recorded after approximately two days. Furthermore, to rule out the possibility that 2-amino-3-indolylbutyric acid (2-amino-3-indobutylbutyric acid) might alleviate the phytotoxicity of isoproturon solution to wheat due to its growth-promoting effect, gibberellin (0.1 g / L), which has growth-promoting properties, was used as a positive control. The results are shown in Table 5.

[0055] Table 5. Effects of different concentrations of 2-amino-3-indolebutyric acid, amino oligosaccharide, gibberellin, and isoproturon on wheat seed germination rate, shoot length, and root length.

[0056]

[0057] From Table 5 and Appendix Figure 5 It was found that, compared with the blank control, soaking wheat seeds in diluted isoproturon solution reduced seed germination rate, shoot length, and root length by 46%, 46%, and 54%, respectively. With the addition of 2-amino-3-indolebutyric acid, the damage of isoproturon to wheat seed germination rate, shoot length, and root length was significantly reduced with increasing concentration. Compared with isoproturon soaking, the presence of 10 nM, 100 nM, and 1000 nM 2-amino-3-indolebutyric acid significantly increased wheat seed germination rate by 58%, 58%, and 56%, respectively; shoot length increased by 24%, 51%, and 31%, respectively; and root length increased by 21%, 66%, and 38%, respectively. The presence of amino oligosaccharides increased seed germination rate by 28%, shoot length by 11%, but without significant difference; and root length decreased by 5%. Clearly, the commercial plant immune activator amino oligosaccharide did not significantly alleviate the phytotoxicity of isoproturon to wheat, while all concentrations of 2-amino-3-indolylbutyric acid (2-amino-3-indolylbutyric acid) alleviated the phytotoxicity of isoproturon to wheat, with 100 nM showing the most significant effect. Germination rate, shoot length, and root length reached 85%, 81%, and 76% of the control, respectively. These results indicate that seed soaking with 2-amino-3-indolylbutyric acid can effectively alleviate the phytotoxicity problem caused by the wheat seed soaking agent isoproturon.

[0058] On the other hand, after gibberellin soaking, compared with the blank control, wheat seed germination rate increased by 6%, seedling shoot length increased by 29%, and root length increased by 3%. However, adding gibberellin to isoproturon soaking solution did not significantly alleviate the damage of isoproturon to wheat seed germination rate, shoot length, and root length. At 0.1 g / L gibberellin, compared with isoproturon soaking treatment, wheat seed germination rate increased by 12%, shoot length increased by 20%, but neither difference was statistically significant, and root length showed no significant change. Clearly, although gibberellin has a growth-promoting effect, it did not significantly alleviate the phytotoxic effects of isoproturon on wheat seeds. These results indicate that 2-amino-3-indolylbutyric acid soaking treatment can effectively alleviate the phytotoxicity problem of the wheat seed soaking agent isoproturon, with the best effect at a concentration of 100 nM, and this effect is not due to its growth-promoting activity.

[0059] References:

[0060] [1]Gould J,Chaug C.Streptonigrin biosynthesis.I.Origin of the 4-phenylpicolinic acid moiety[J].Journal of the American Chemical Society 1977,99(16):5496-5497.

[0061] [2]Hartley D,Speedie MA tryptophan C-methyltransferase involved instreptonigrin biosynthesis in Streptomyces flocculus[J].The BiochemicalJournal 1984,220(1):309-313.

[0062] [3]Kong D, Zou Y, Zhang, Z, Xu, F, Brock N, Zhang L, Deng Z, Lin, S. Identification of (2S, 3S)-beta-Methyltryptophan as the Real Biosynthetic Intermediate of Antitumor Agent Streptonigrin[J]. Scientific Reports 2016,6:20273-20280.

[0063] [4] Zhou Y, Xia X, Yu G, et al. Brassinosteroids play a critical role in the regulation of pesticide metabolism in crop plants [J]. Scientific Reports, 2015, 5:9018.

[0064] [5]Zou,Y,Fang,Q,Yin,H,Liang,Z,Kong,D,Bai,L,Deng,Z,Lin,S.Stereospecific Biosynthesis of beta-Methyltryptophan from L-TryptophanFeatures a Stereochemical Switch[J]. Angewandte Chemie 2013,52(49):12951-12955.

[0065] [6] Chen Shiguo, Wang He, Wang Liangsheng, Fang Wanping, Guo Aiping. Application of 2-amino-3-indolylbutyric acid in promoting plant growth. Chinese Invention Patent, May 26, 2023, Patent No. ZL202210150637.3

[0066] [7] Chen Shiguo, Wang He, Wang Liangsheng, Fang Wanping, Guo Aiping. Application of 2-amino-3-indolylbutyric acid as a plant immune inducer. Chinese Invention Patent, November 23, 2023, Patent No. ZL202210895186.6

[0067] [8] Cui Lina, Jiang Xiaojun, Cui Li. Effects of 50% isoproturon wettable powder on wheat germination [J]. Modern Agricultural Science and Technology, 2017, (11): 110-114.

[0068] [9] Gu Donghua. Effects of 17% thiamethoxam·ethoxysulfuron WP on germination of “Wuyunjing 19” rice seeds [J]. Shanghai Agricultural Science and Technology, 2014, (05): 51-55.

[0069]

[10] Meng Dandan, Fan Jiequn, Guo Shuiliang, Ma Xiaoying, Chen Qian, Peng Zechuan, Li Tao. Study on early diagnosis of isoproturon-induced phytotoxicity in wheat based on physiological indicators [J]. Plant Protection, 2019, 45(05):186-189+213.

[0070]

[11] Peng Xiaoqin, Hui Zhumei, Zhang Hui, et al. Effects of 2,4-epibrassinolactone on photosynthetic characteristics and stress resistance of grape leaves under pesticide treatment [J]. Arid Zone Agricultural Research, 2015, 33(03):130-138.

[0071]

[12] Shan Qing. Research on the application of γ-aminobutyric acid in promoting pesticide metabolism and alleviating pesticide damage in tomatoes [D]. Shandong Agricultural University, 2023.

[0072]

[13] Zuo Libo. Experiment on wheat yield regulation by 0.01% brassinolide soluble liquid [J]. Grassroots Agricultural Technology Extension, 2023, 11(04):15-17.

[0073]

[14] Zhou Bin, Zhang Yajing, Wu Jianming. Effects of 12% fluazinam·pentanol·pyrethroid insecticide soaking on germination of late-season japonica rice seeds [J]. Agricultural Science and Technology Communications, 2023, No.614(02):73-76.

Claims

Application of 1,2-amino-3-indolylbutyric acid in the preparation of plant phytotoxicity alleviators.

2. The application according to claim 1, characterized in that, Application of 2-amino-3-indolylbutyric acid in the preparation of a phytotoxicity mitigator to alleviate the damage of fluroxypyr·pentyl·methoxypyr to seed germination and / or seedlings of gramineous crops.

3. The application according to claim 1, characterized in that, Application of 2-amino-3-indolylbutyric acid in the preparation of a phytotoxicity mitigator to alleviate the damage of methamidophos and ethoxysulfuron to seed germination and / or seedlings of gramineous crops.

4. The application according to claim 1, characterized in that, Application of 2-amino-3-indolylbutyric acid in the preparation of phytotoxicity mitigators that alleviate the damage of isoproturon to seed germination and / or seedlings of gramineous crops. Application of 5,2-amino-3-indolylbutyric acid in alleviating herbicide damage to plants.

6. The application according to claim 5, characterized in that, Application of 2-amino-3-indolylbutyric acid in alleviating damage to seed germination and / or seedlings of gramineous crops caused by fluazinam·pentyl·carbendazim.

7. The application according to claim 5, characterized in that, Application of 2-amino-3-indolylbutyric acid in alleviating damage to seed germination and / or seedlings of gramineous crops caused by methamidophos and ethoxysulfuron.

8. The application according to claim 5, characterized in that, Application of 2-amino-3-indolylbutyric acid in alleviating the damage of isoproturon to seed germination and / or seedlings of gramineous crops.

9. The application according to any one of claims 5-8, characterized in that, The concentration of the 2-amino-3-indolylbutyric acid is 10–1000 nM.

Images