Bag type dust collector

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of industrial dust removal equipment, and discloses a bag type dust remover, which comprises: a box body assembly, which comprises an upper box body, a lower box body located below the upper box body, and supporting legs used for supporting the lower box body; a mounting plate is arranged in the upper box body, and a plurality of assembling openings are formed in the mounting plate; the filter assembly comprises a filter bag which is hung at the assembly opening and extends into the lower box body, and a framework which is supported in the filter bag; the ash removal assembly comprises an air bag arranged on the outer side of the upper box body through a supporting plate. By constructing a two-dimensional feature space containing a transient permeability index and a dust falling efficiency index, accurate recognition of the running state of the bag-type dust collector is achieved, and different from a traditional method which only depends on pressure difference or timing control, the system calculates the transient permeability index through an air bag pressure waveform so as to reflect source end impedance, so that the dust falling efficiency of the bag-type dust collector is improved. And the dust falling effect at the tail end is fed back by combining dust hopper wall surface vibration energy.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of industrial dust removal equipment technology, and in particular to bag filters. Background Technology

[0002] DMC pulse jet baghouse dust collectors are widely used in dust control in industries such as building materials, metallurgy, and chemicals. Their core operating mechanism involves using compressed air to instantly blow air into the inside of the filter bags, causing the bags to expand and vibrate rapidly, thus shaking off the dust layer adhering to their surface. Existing dust removal control strategies mainly include two modes: timed control and differential pressure control. Timed control mechanically executes the blowing action according to a preset time interval, completely ignoring actual load variations. While differential pressure control introduces the total pressure difference between the inlet and outlet as a feedback signal, allowing for some adjustment of the cleaning frequency based on operating resistance, this macroscopic resistance-based control method has significant limitations when facing complex operating conditions.

[0003] The total differential pressure signal represents the average operating resistance of all filter bags in the entire housing, and cannot reflect the actual state of a specific row of filter bags undergoing cleaning. In actual operation, dust collectors often face two distinct fault conditions: "caking and blockage" and "secondary adsorption." When the filter bag surface becomes clogged, the airflow channel narrows, and the equipment's operating resistance increases. Similarly, when dust generated by the cleaning airflow fails to settle in time and is re-adsorbed onto the surface of adjacent filter bags, it also leads to persistently high operating resistance. Because existing monitoring methods lack direct verification of the causal relationship between "cleaning action" and "dust settling result," the control system cannot distinguish whether the root cause of the increased resistance is the loss of air permeability of the filter bags themselves or the ineffective circulation of dust within the housing.

[0004] In situations where information is lacking, conventional control logic often employs a single parameter increment strategy: simply increasing the blowing pressure or shortening the blowing cycle upon detecting increased resistance. If secondary adsorption occurs, high-frequency, high-pressure blowing can exacerbate airflow turbulence within the chamber, making dust settling even more difficult, creating a vicious cycle. This indiscriminate control not only wastes compressed air energy but also accelerates the fatigue breakage of filter bag fibers due to frequent high-pressure impacts, significantly shortening the lifespan of core components. Therefore, this invention provides a baghouse dust collector to address the shortcomings of existing technologies. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to provide a bag filter that solves the problems mentioned in the background art.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a bag filter, comprising: A housing assembly, comprising an upper housing, a lower housing located below the upper housing, and support legs for supporting the lower housing; the upper housing has an internal mounting plate with multiple assembly openings. The filter assembly includes a filter bag suspended at the mounting port and extending into the lower housing, and a frame supported inside the filter bag. The dust removal assembly includes an air tank mounted on the outside of the upper housing via a support plate, and multiple electromagnetic pulse valves installed on the air tank; each electromagnetic pulse valve is connected to an air collection box mounted on the upper housing via a blow pipe, and the air collection box is connected to a plurality of air guide pipes extending into the interior of the upper housing, and the bottom of the air guide pipes is provided with a plurality of nozzles corresponding to the filter bags respectively. The sensing system includes a high-frequency dynamic pressure transmitter directly mounted on the air tank, and a piezoelectric vibration acceleration sensor mounted on the outer wall of the lower housing. The computational control subsystem is electrically connected to the high-frequency dynamic pressure transmitter, the piezoelectric vibration acceleration sensor, and the electromagnetic pulse valve, respectively. The computational control subsystem is configured to: in response to the opening trigger of any of the electromagnetic pulse valves, acquire pressure transient curves via the high-frequency dynamic pressure transmitter and calculate the transient permeability index characterizing the aerodynamic impedance of the filter bag; determine the dust settling time lag window based on the vertical height of the filter bag from the bottom of the piezoelectric vibration acceleration sensor and the dust settling characteristics; activate the piezoelectric vibration acceleration sensor within the dust settling time lag window to acquire vibration data and calculate an index characterizing the dust settling efficiency; and determine the operating state of the filter bag based on the coupling relationship between the transient permeability index and the dust settling efficiency index, and adjust the control parameters of the electromagnetic pulse valve based on the operating state.

[0007] Preferably, the mounting plate is located inside the upper housing and its horizontal position is lower than the connection between the air gathering box and the air outlet; The upper housing is provided with an air outlet, an explosion-proof junction box, an inspection door, and two explosion relief plates on its side wall, wherein the inspection door and the explosion relief plates are located on the same side of the upper housing as the gas tank. An air inlet and an inspection door are provided on the side wall of the lower housing, and a dust discharge valve is provided at its bottom; the piezoelectric vibration acceleration sensor is rigidly fixed to the outer wall of the lower housing.

[0008] Preferably, the calculation control subsystem is configured to calculate the transient permeability index by: recording a discrete pressure sequence inside the air tank at a preset sampling frequency during the opening of the electromagnetic pulse valve; performing smoothing filtering on the discrete pressure sequence and calculating the rate of decrease of the smoothed pressure sequence over time; extracting the maximum value of the rate of decrease and dividing the maximum value by the reference pressure value at the time the electromagnetic pulse valve is opened to obtain the transient permeability index.

[0009] Preferably, the calculation and control subsystem is further configured to store position correction coefficients for each of the electromagnetic pulse valves; after obtaining the transient permeability index, the calculation and control subsystem uses the position correction coefficients corresponding to the electromagnetic pulse valves to normalize and correct the transient permeability index, so as to eliminate the flow resistance deviation caused by the differences in the pipeline structure of the blow-off pipe, the gas-gathering box and the gas guide pipe.

[0010] Preferably, the computational control subsystem is configured to determine the ash settling time delay window in the following manner: The opening moment of the electromagnetic pulse valve is taken as the time reference point; Based on the vertical distance from the bottom of the filter bag to the mounting plane of the piezoelectric vibration acceleration sensor and the gravitational acceleration, the theoretical shortest settling time is calculated, and the theoretical shortest settling time is superimposed on the time reference point as the start time of the ash settling time delay window. Based on the vertical distance from the top of the filter bag to the mounting plane of the piezoelectric vibration acceleration sensor, the gravitational acceleration, and the air resistance correction coefficient, the theoretical longest settling time is calculated, and the theoretical longest settling time is superimposed on the time reference point as the termination time of the ash settling time lag window.

[0011] Preferably, the calculation control subsystem is configured to calculate the index characterizing the dust collection efficiency by performing bandpass filtering on the vibration data collected within the dust collection time delay window, retaining the effective impact signal within a preset frequency band, wherein the preset frequency band is determined based on the inherent frequency characteristics of the wall panel of the lower housing. The amplitude of the filtered effective impact signal is squared and integrated to obtain the impact energy value of falling ash. The ratio of the dust impact energy value to the preset dust energy benchmark value is used as the indicator characterizing the dust falling efficiency. The dust energy benchmark value is the sliding average value of the dust impact energy value determined to be under normal conditions in historical operating cycles.

[0012] Preferably, the computing control subsystem is configured to determine the operating state based on the following logic: A two-dimensional feature space is constructed that includes the transient penetration index and the index characterizing the ash settling efficiency, and a lower threshold threshold for the penetration index, an upper threshold threshold for the penetration index, a lower threshold threshold for the ash settling efficiency, and a threshold for determining zero value of the ash settling efficiency are preset. If the transient penetration index is between the lower threshold of the penetration index and the upper threshold of the penetration index, and the index characterizing the dust removal efficiency is higher than the lower threshold of the dust removal efficiency, it is determined to be a normal dust removal state. If the transient permeability index is lower than the lower limit threshold of the permeability index, and the index characterizing the ash settling efficiency is lower than the lower limit threshold of the ash settling efficiency, it is determined to be a state of caking and blockage.

[0013] Preferably, the logic for determining the operating state further includes: If the transient permeability index is higher than the lower limit threshold of the permeability index, and the index characterizing the ash removal efficiency is lower than the lower limit threshold of the ash removal efficiency, it is determined to be a secondary adsorption state. If the transient permeability index is higher than the upper limit threshold of the permeability index, and the index characterizing the ash settling efficiency is lower than the zero value threshold for ash settling efficiency, it is determined to be a damaged and leaking state.

[0014] Preferably, the computational control subsystem is configured to adjust the control parameters in the following manner: When the condition is determined to be caking and blockage, the pulse width of the corresponding electromagnetic pulse valve in the next operating cycle is increased; when the condition is determined to be secondary adsorption, the pulse interval time of the corresponding electromagnetic pulse valve in the next operating cycle is increased; when the condition is determined to be damage and leakage, the sending of opening commands to the corresponding electromagnetic pulse valve is stopped and an alarm signal is output.

[0015] Preferably, the air resistance correction coefficient is in the range of 0.8 seconds to 1.2 seconds, used to compensate for the aerodynamic resistance and the lifting effect of the filtered airflow during the settling of dust clumps in the lower chamber.

[0016] In summary, the present invention has at least one of the following beneficial technical effects: 1. This invention achieves accurate identification of the operating status of baghouse dust collectors by constructing a two-dimensional feature space that includes transient permeability index and ash removal efficiency index. Unlike traditional methods that rely solely on differential pressure or timed control, this system uses the pressure waveform of the air bag to calculate the transient permeability index to reflect the source impedance. Combined with the feedback of the vibration energy of the ash hopper wall to the end ash removal effect, it can effectively distinguish between "caking and blockage" and "secondary adsorption," two fault states that appear similar under a single differential pressure index but have completely different mechanisms. This solves the technical problem that traditional control logic cannot detect whether "false dust removal" has occurred.

[0017] 2. Based on the mechanical height dimensions of the dust collector and the dust settling dynamics, the system of this invention calculates the dust settling time delay window. The piezoelectric vibration acceleration sensor is activated only within this window period. The spatiotemporal coupling sampling method can automatically shield the steady-state mechanical noise generated by the action of the ash discharge valve, the operation of the fan, and the resonance of the equipment, ensuring that the collected impact energy strictly corresponds to the current dust settling amount of the blow-out filter bag, providing a high-confidence basis for the decision-making of the control system.

[0018] 3. This invention achieves differentiated adaptive closed-loop control for different working conditions, effectively extending the service life of filter bags and reducing energy consumption. The system executes targeted adjustment strategies based on the judgment results: for caking and blockage conditions, the pulse width is increased to improve the breaking capacity; for secondary adsorption conditions, the pulse interval is extended to reduce airflow turbulence interference. The on-demand adjustment method avoids the excessive blowing that traditional systems have adopted for a long time to ensure the dust removal effect, reduces the mechanical fatigue damage of high-pressure airflow to filter bags, and also saves the cost of compressed air consumption. Attached Figure Description

[0019] Figure 1 This is a front perspective view of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a left perspective view of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the air guide tube of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the upper housing of the present invention; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the electrical connection of the control system of the present invention; Figure 6 This is a flowchart of the dust removal process of the present invention.

[0020] The components are as follows: 1. Upper housing; 2. Lower housing; 3. Support plate; 4. Air tank; 5. Blower pipe; 6. Electromagnetic pulse valve; 7. Air collection box; 8. Air guide pipe; 9. Nozzle; 10. High-frequency dynamic pressure transmitter; 11. Mounting plate; 12. Assembly port; 13. Filter bag; 14. Frame; 15. Explosion-proof junction box; 16. Piezoelectric vibration acceleration sensor; 17. Inspection door one; 18. Air inlet; 19. Ash discharge valve; 20. Inspection door two; 21. Air outlet; 22. Support foot; 23. Explosion relief plate. Detailed Implementation

[0021] The following is in conjunction with the appendix Figure 1 - Appendix Figure 6 The present invention will be further described in detail below.

[0022] The present invention provides a bag filter, comprising: a housing assembly, the housing assembly including an upper housing 1, a lower housing 2 located below the upper housing 1, and support feet 22 for supporting the lower housing 2; the upper housing 1 is provided with an mounting plate 11, and the mounting plate 11 is provided with a plurality of assembly ports 12. The filter assembly includes a filter bag 13 suspended at the assembly port 12 and extending into the lower housing 2, and a frame 14 supported inside the filter bag 13. The dust removal assembly includes an air tank 4 located on the outside of the upper housing 1 via a support plate 3. Multiple electromagnetic pulse valves 6 are installed on the air tank 4. Each electromagnetic pulse valve 6 is connected to an air collection box 7 located on the upper housing 1 via a blow pipe 5. The air collection box 7 is connected to several air guide pipes 8 extending into the interior of the upper housing 1. Multiple nozzles 9 corresponding to filter bags 13 are provided at the bottom of the air guide pipes 8. The sensing system includes a high-frequency dynamic pressure transmitter 10 directly mounted on the air tank 4, and a piezoelectric vibration acceleration sensor 16 mounted on the outer wall of the lower housing 2. The computational control subsystem is electrically connected to the high-frequency dynamic pressure transmitter 10, the piezoelectric vibration acceleration sensor 16, and the electromagnetic pulse valve 6, respectively. The computational control subsystem is configured to: respond to the opening trigger of any electromagnetic pulse valve 6, acquire pressure transient curves through a high-frequency dynamic pressure transmitter 10 and calculate the transient permeation index characterizing the aerodynamic resistance of the filter bag 13; determine the dust settling time lag window based on the vertical height of the filter bag 13 to the bottom piezoelectric vibration acceleration sensor 16 and the dust settling characteristics; activate the piezoelectric vibration acceleration sensor 16 within the dust settling time lag window to acquire vibration data and calculate the index characterizing the dust settling efficiency; and determine the operating status of the filter bag 13 based on the coupling relationship between the transient permeation index and the dust settling efficiency index, and adjust the control parameters of the electromagnetic pulse valve 6 based on the operating status. The mounting plate 11 is located inside the upper housing 1 and its horizontal position is lower than the connection between the air collection box 7 and the air outlet 21. An air outlet 21, an explosion-proof junction box 15, an inspection door 17, and two explosion relief discs 23 are provided on the side wall of the upper housing 1. The inspection door 17 and the explosion relief discs 23 are located on the same side of the upper housing 1 as the air tank 4. An air inlet 18 and an inspection door 20 are provided on the side wall of the lower housing 2, and an ash discharge valve 19 is provided at its bottom. A piezoelectric vibration acceleration sensor 16 is rigidly fixed to the outer wall of the lower housing 2. The calculation and control subsystem is configured to calculate the transient permeability index in the following way: During the opening of the electromagnetic pulse valve 6, a discrete pressure sequence in the air tank 4 is recorded at a preset sampling frequency; the discrete pressure sequence is smoothed and filtered, and the rate of decrease of the smoothed pressure sequence over time is calculated; the maximum value of the rate of decrease is extracted, and the maximum value is divided by the reference pressure value at the opening time of the electromagnetic pulse valve 6 to obtain the transient permeability index. The calculation and control subsystem is also configured to store the position correction coefficient for each electromagnetic pulse valve 6; after obtaining the transient permeability index, the calculation and control subsystem uses the position correction coefficient of the corresponding electromagnetic pulse valve 6 to normalize and correct the transient permeability index to eliminate the flow resistance deviation caused by the differences in the pipeline structure of the blowpipe 5, the air collection box 7, and the air guide pipe 8. The calculation and control subsystem is configured to determine the ash falling time lag window in the following way: The opening moment of electromagnetic pulse valve 6 is taken as the time reference point; Based on the vertical distance from the bottom of the filter bag 13 to the mounting plane of the piezoelectric vibration accelerometer 16 and the gravitational acceleration, the theoretical shortest settling time is calculated, and the time reference point is superimposed with the theoretical shortest settling time as the start time of the ash settling time delay window; based on the vertical distance from the top of the filter bag 13 to the mounting plane of the piezoelectric vibration accelerometer 16, the gravitational acceleration, and the air resistance correction coefficient, the theoretical longest settling time is calculated, and the time reference point is superimposed with the theoretical longest settling time as the end time of the ash settling time delay window. The calculation control subsystem is configured to calculate the indicators characterizing the ash settling efficiency in the following ways: The vibration data collected within the dust settling time delay window are bandpass filtered to retain the effective impact signal within the preset frequency band, which is determined based on the inherent frequency characteristics of the wall panel of the lower box 2. The amplitude of the filtered effective impact signal is squared and integrated to obtain the impact energy value of falling ash. The ratio of the dust impact energy value to the preset dust impact energy benchmark value is used as an indicator of dust impact efficiency. The dust impact energy benchmark value is based on the moving average of the dust impact energy values ​​determined to be under normal conditions in historical operating cycles. The calculation control subsystem is configured to determine the operating status based on the following logic: A two-dimensional feature space is constructed, which includes transient penetration index and indicators characterizing ash settling efficiency. The lower threshold of penetration index, the upper threshold of penetration index, the lower threshold of ash settling efficiency, and the threshold for determining zero value of ash settling efficiency are preset. If the transient penetration index is between the lower limit threshold and the upper limit threshold of the penetration index, and the index characterizing the dust removal efficiency is higher than the lower limit threshold of the dust removal efficiency, it is judged as a normal dust removal state. If the transient permeability index is lower than the lower limit threshold of the permeability index, and the indicator representing the ash settling efficiency is also lower than the lower limit threshold of the ash settling efficiency, the system is judged to be in a state of caking and blockage. The logic for determining the operating state also includes: If the transient permeability index is higher than the lower limit threshold of the permeability index, and the index characterizing the ash removal efficiency is lower than the lower limit threshold of the ash removal efficiency, it is determined to be a secondary adsorption state. If the transient permeability index is higher than the upper limit threshold of the permeability index, and the index characterizing the ash settling efficiency is lower than the zero value threshold for ash settling efficiency, it is determined to be a damaged and leaking state, and the calculation and control subsystem is configured to adjust the control parameters in the following ways: When the condition is determined to be caking and blockage, the pulse width of the corresponding solenoid pulse valve 6 is increased in the next operating cycle; When the state is determined to be secondary adsorption, the pulse interval time of the corresponding electromagnetic pulse valve 6 in the next operating cycle is increased. When a damaged or leaking condition is detected, the opening command to the corresponding electromagnetic pulse valve 6 is stopped and an alarm signal is output. The air resistance correction coefficient ranges from 0.8 seconds to 1.2 seconds and is used to compensate for the aerodynamic resistance and the lifting effect of the filtered airflow during the settling of dust clumps in the lower chamber 2.

[0023] Specifically, the system performs the dust removal action and acquires the aerodynamic characteristics of the source end, including the following steps: S101, the dust removal command is triggered synchronously with the clock. The calculation and control subsystem, based on the current pulse interval setting, sends an opening command to the k-th electromagnetic pulse valve 6. Simultaneously with issuing the command, the system locks the current microsecond-level time as the reference zero point t0 and records the currently set pulse width command value T. pulse At this time, the system synchronously triggers the data acquisition interrupt of the high-frequency dynamic pressure transmitter 10 to ensure that the time axis of the pressure signal is strictly aligned with the control command; S102, Transient pressure curve acquisition and preprocessing. The high-frequency dynamic pressure transmitter 10 uses a sampling frequency f... s (f s The absolute pressure inside the air reservoir is continuously collected at ≥1000Hz to form a discrete pressure sequence P(t). The system truncates t∈[t0,t0+T]. pulse To suppress the influence of high-frequency electromagnetic interference and airflow turbulence noise on subsequent differential calculations, the system uses a five-point moving average algorithm to digitally filter the original sequence P(t) to generate a smoothed pressure sequence P. smooth (t); S103, Transient Permeability Index Calculation. The system calculates the transient permeability index λ, which characterizes the gas path impedance of the filter bag assembly, based on a smoothed pressure sequence. k The computational logic uses the finite difference method to approximate the derivative, as shown in the following formula: In the formula, λ k is the transient permeability index of the kth filter bag group, which physically represents the maximum pressure relief rate under unit pressure; P ref The static pressure value of the air tank at time t0; Δt is the sampling period (1 / f) s ): The max|·| operation is used to extract the maximum pressure drop rate during the entire injection process; S104, Pipeline Structure Position Correction: Given that the different installation positions of the blowpipe 5 on the air reservoir 4 will lead to inherent differences in the air supply resistance of each row of filter bags, a position correction coefficient β is introduced into the system. k For λ k Perform standardization correction. The correction formula is: λ ′ k =β k ·λ k ; Where, β k The calibration process is as follows: With brand new filter bags installed in the dust collector and the airflow stopped, perform a reference pulse jet on N pulse valves in sequence, and measure the initial index λ of each valve. k,init Set β k =λ 1,init / λ k,init The corrected λ ′ k This refers to the source-end characteristic value that reflects only the permeability of the filter bag after eliminating the influence of pipelines.

[0024] The system captures delayed dust settling signals through the following steps: S201, Calculation of the dust settling time delay window: Based on the trigger time t0 determined in S101, the system, combined with the mechanical structural parameters of the dust collector, calculates the time interval during which dust peels off from the filter bag surface and settles to the sensor position on the ash hopper wall, i.e., the time delay window [t]. start ,t end The calculation model is as follows: In the formula, H min The vertical height from the bottom of the filter bag to the sensor plane; L bag This refers to the length of the filter bag; g is the acceleration due to gravity; δ drag This is the air resistance correction factor. δ drag The specific value is determined by high-speed camera calibration or empirical formula: for conventional industrial dust, the value range is set to 0.8 seconds to 1.2 seconds to compensate for the settling delay in non-vacuum environments; S202, Time-domain gated acquisition and filtering, the system only satisfies t at the current time t. start ≤t≤t end At this time, the ADC sampling channel of the piezoelectric vibration accelerometer 16 is activated; outside the window, the system forces the input signal to zero to shield against background mechanical noise. The acquired raw vibration signal A raw (t) After processing with a digital bandpass filter, the frequency band [f] is extracted. low ,f high Effective impact signal A within ] filt (t). f low and f high Based on the modal testing of the ash hopper wall panels, in this embodiment, for a 5mm steel plate ash hopper, f is set... l ow = 2000Hz, f high =5000Hz, this frequency band can effectively separate the elastic waves generated by the impact of dust particles from the low-frequency resonance of the equipment; S203, integral of dust impact energy. The system filters the signal A within the time delay window. filt (t) Perform square integration to calculate the impact energy value E of the falling dust. k : The energy value E k It directly represents the total kinetic energy of the dust that was actually peeled off and settled by the kth row of filter bags in this cleaning action; S204, Energy index normalization. To eliminate the influence of sensor coupling efficiency drift over time, the system calculates the relative dust settling efficiency index η. k : In the formula, E ref The sliding average baseline value for system maintenance is updated from the average impact energy of the most recent 50 cycles that were determined to be "normal dust removal".

[0025] The system makes decisions based on a combination of source and endpoint characteristics, including the following steps: S301, Two-dimensional state-space mapping and diagnosis. System construction to correct the penetration index λ. ′ k The horizontal axis represents the dust collection efficiency index η. k The state space is a two-dimensional state space with the vertical axis as the ordinate, and the operating state S of the k-th filter bag group is determined according to a preset threshold. k The decision logic is as follows: If λ min ≤λ ′ k ≤λ max And η k >0.5, is judged as "normal dust removal state"; If λ ′ k <λ min And η k <0.5, is judged as "clogged and blocked state" (air passage is blocked and no dust falls); If λ ′ k ≥λ min And η k <0.5, judged as "secondary adsorption state" (air passage is unobstructed but no dust falls, meaning dust backflow); if λ ′ k >λ max And η k <0.1 indicates a "damaged and leaking condition" (extremely rapid pressure release with no dust). Wherein, λ min and λ max These are 0.8 times and 1.2 times the normal baseline values, respectively. S302, adaptive iteration of control parameters. Based on the diagnostic results S k The system automatically calculates the control parameters for the next cycle of the k-th solenoid pulse valve 6: For the "platen blockage state", a pulse width increment strategy is executed. For the "secondary adsorption state", an interval increment strategy is implemented: For "normal dust removal status", maintain current parameters or perform a slight energy-saving callback: S303, abnormal fuse protection. When the diagnostic result is S... k When the system is in a "damaged and leaking state", it immediately triggers the fuse protection mechanism: forcibly sets the enable position of the kth pulse valve to invalid, stops the subsequent triggering action of the valve, and issues a fixed-point alarm signal of "damaged kth row of filter bags" through the human-machine interface until the maintenance personnel confirm the repair and manually reset it.

[0026] Working principle: During system operation, when the calculation and control subsystem issues a dust removal command to trigger any one of the electromagnetic pulse valves 6 installed on the air tank 4 to open, the high-pressure compressed gas in the air tank 4 enters the air collection box 7 through the blow pipe 5, and then flows to each air guide pipe 8, and is injected into the corresponding filter bag 13 at high speed through the nozzle 9. The high-pressure airflow induces the surrounding air to enter the filter bag 13, causing it to instantly overcome the supporting force of the frame 14 and undergo rapid expansion and high-frequency vibration, peeling off the dust layer attached to the surface of the filter bag 13. Simultaneously with the dust removal operation, the high-frequency dynamic pressure transmitter 10, directly connected to the internal air chamber of the air tank 4, synchronously acquires the transient pressure drop waveform of the air tank. The control subsystem calculates the transient permeability index, which characterizes the airflow path and the air permeability resistance of the filter bag 13, by analyzing the rate of drop of this waveform. If the surface of the filter bag 13 is severely caked, obstructing airflow release, the index will be low; if the filter bag 13 is damaged, causing excessively rapid airflow release, the index will be high. On the other hand, based on the vertical height between the bottom of the filter bag 13 and the piezoelectric vibration acceleration sensor 16 installed on the outer wall of the lower box 2, and combined with the gravity settling dynamics of the dust, the system calculates the "dust settling time delay window" from the dust peeling off to the impact on the wall of the lower box 2. The calculation control subsystem activates the piezoelectric vibration acceleration sensor 16 only within this specific time window to collect the vibration signal generated by the dust agglomerate impacting the wall. After filtering out the background noise generated by the ash discharge valve 19 and the fan, the system integrates to obtain the dust settling impact energy value. Finally, the calculation and control subsystem determines the operating status of the filter bag 13 and makes adaptive adjustments based on the coupling relationship between the transient permeability index source-end aerodynamic characteristics and the ash impact energy value terminal settling effect: Normal dust removal status: The transient penetration index is within the preset range and the dust impact energy value is high, indicating that the dust removal is effective and the current control parameters are maintained. Clogged and blocked state: The transient permeability index is low and the ash impact energy value is low, indicating that the airflow penetration is insufficient. The system automatically increases the pulse width of the corresponding electromagnetic pulse valve 6 in the next cycle. Secondary adsorption state: The transient permeability index is normal or high, but the dust impact energy value is low, indicating that although the dust is stripped off, it is re-attached by the rising airflow from the air inlet 18 to the air outlet 21 during the settling process of the lower box 2. The system automatically extends the pulse interval time to reduce airflow disturbance. Damage and leakage status: The transient permeability index is abnormally high and there is almost no dust impact energy. The system determines that the filter bag 13 is physically damaged, stops triggering the electromagnetic pulse valve 6, and outputs an alarm signal.

Claims

1. A bag filter, characterized in that, include: The housing assembly includes an upper housing (1), a lower housing (2) located below the upper housing (1), and support feet (22) for supporting the lower housing (2); the upper housing (1) is provided with an installation plate (11), and the installation plate (11) has multiple assembly ports (12). The filter assembly includes a filter bag (13) suspended at the assembly port (12) and extending into the interior of the lower housing (2), and a frame (14) supported inside the filter bag (13). The dust removal assembly includes an air tank (4) disposed on the outside of the upper housing (1) via a support plate (3), and a plurality of electromagnetic pulse valves (6) are installed on the air tank (4); each electromagnetic pulse valve (6) is connected to an air collection box (7) disposed on the upper housing (1) via a blow pipe (5), and the air collection box (7) is connected to a plurality of air guide pipes (8) extending into the interior of the upper housing (1), and a plurality of nozzles (9) corresponding to the filter bag (13) are disposed at the bottom of the air guide pipes (8); The sensing system includes a high-frequency dynamic pressure transmitter (10) directly mounted on the air tank (4) and a piezoelectric vibration acceleration sensor (16) mounted on the outer wall of the lower housing (2). The calculation and control subsystem is electrically connected to the high-frequency dynamic pressure transmitter (10), the piezoelectric vibration acceleration sensor (16) and the electromagnetic pulse valve (6), respectively. The calculation and control subsystem is configured to: in response to the opening trigger of any of the electromagnetic pulse valves (6), acquire the pressure transient curve through the high-frequency dynamic pressure transmitter (10) and calculate the transient permeation index characterizing the aerodynamic impedance of the filter bag (13); determine the dust settling time lag window based on the vertical height of the filter bag (13) to the bottom of the piezoelectric vibration acceleration sensor (16) and the dust settling characteristics; activate the piezoelectric vibration acceleration sensor (16) within the dust settling time lag window to acquire vibration data and calculate the index characterizing the dust settling efficiency; and determine the operating state of the filter bag (13) based on the coupling relationship between the transient permeation index and the dust settling efficiency index, and adjust the control parameters of the electromagnetic pulse valve (6) based on the operating state.

2. The bag filter according to claim 1, characterized in that, The mounting plate (11) is located inside the upper housing (1) and its horizontal position is lower than the communication opening between the air gathering box (7) and the air outlet (21); The upper housing (1) is provided with an air outlet (21), an explosion-proof junction box (15), an inspection door (17) and two explosion relief plates (23) on its side wall. The inspection door (17) and the explosion relief plates (23) are located on the same side of the upper housing (1) as the air tank (4). The lower housing (2) is provided with an air inlet (18) and an inspection door (20) on its side wall, and a ash discharge valve (19) is provided at its bottom; the piezoelectric vibration acceleration sensor (16) is rigidly fixed to the outer wall of the lower housing (2).

3. The bag filter according to claim 1, characterized in that, The calculation control subsystem is configured to calculate the transient permeability index by: recording the discrete pressure sequence in the air bag (4) at a preset sampling frequency during the opening of the electromagnetic pulse valve (6); performing smoothing filtering on the discrete pressure sequence and calculating the rate of decrease of the smoothed pressure sequence over time; extracting the maximum value of the rate of decrease and dividing the maximum value by the reference pressure value at the opening time of the electromagnetic pulse valve (6) to obtain the transient permeability index.

4. The bag filter according to claim 3, characterized in that, The calculation and control subsystem is also configured to store position correction coefficients for each of the electromagnetic pulse valves (6); after obtaining the transient permeability index, the calculation and control subsystem uses the position correction coefficients corresponding to the electromagnetic pulse valves (6) to normalize and correct the transient permeability index in order to eliminate the flow resistance deviation caused by the differences in the pipeline structure of the blowpipe (5), the gas collection box (7) and the air guide pipe (8).

5. The bag filter according to claim 1, characterized in that, The computational control subsystem is configured to determine the ash settling time delay window in the following manner: The opening time of the electromagnetic pulse valve (6) is taken as the time reference point; Based on the vertical distance from the bottom of the filter bag (13) to the mounting plane of the piezoelectric vibration acceleration sensor (16) and the gravitational acceleration, the theoretical shortest settling time is calculated, and the theoretical shortest settling time is superimposed on the time reference point as the starting time of the ash settling time delay window. Based on the vertical distance from the top of the filter bag (13) to the mounting plane of the piezoelectric vibration acceleration sensor (16), the gravitational acceleration, and the air resistance correction coefficient, the theoretical longest settling time is calculated, and the theoretical longest settling time is superimposed on the time reference point as the termination time of the ash settling time delay window.

6. The bag filter according to claim 1, characterized in that, The computational control subsystem is configured to calculate the index characterizing ash settling efficiency in the following manner: The vibration data collected within the dust settling time delay window is subjected to bandpass filtering to retain the effective impact signal within the preset frequency band, which is determined based on the inherent frequency characteristics of the wall panel of the lower box (2). The amplitude of the filtered effective impact signal is squared and integrated to obtain the impact energy value of falling ash. The ratio of the dust impact energy value to the preset dust energy benchmark value is used as the indicator characterizing the dust falling efficiency. The dust energy benchmark value is the sliding average value of the dust impact energy value determined to be under normal conditions in historical operating cycles.

7. The bag filter according to claim 1, characterized in that, The computational control subsystem is configured to determine the operating state based on the following logic: A two-dimensional feature space is constructed that includes the transient penetration index and the index characterizing the ash settling efficiency, and a lower threshold threshold for the penetration index, an upper threshold threshold for the penetration index, a lower threshold threshold for the ash settling efficiency, and a threshold for determining zero value of the ash settling efficiency are preset. If the transient penetration index is between the lower threshold of the penetration index and the upper threshold of the penetration index, and the index characterizing the dust removal efficiency is higher than the lower threshold of the dust removal efficiency, it is determined to be a normal dust removal state. If the transient permeability index is lower than the lower limit threshold of the permeability index, and the index characterizing the ash settling efficiency is lower than the lower limit threshold of the ash settling efficiency, it is determined to be a state of caking and blockage.

8. The bag filter according to claim 7, characterized in that, The logic for determining the operating status also includes: If the transient permeability index is higher than the lower limit threshold of the permeability index, and the index characterizing the ash removal efficiency is lower than the lower limit threshold of the ash removal efficiency, it is determined to be a secondary adsorption state. If the transient permeability index is higher than the upper limit threshold of the permeability index, and the index characterizing the ash settling efficiency is lower than the zero value threshold for ash settling efficiency, it is determined to be a damaged and leaking state.

9. The bag filter according to claim 8, characterized in that, The computational control subsystem is configured to adjust the control parameters in the following manner: When the plate-forming blockage state is determined, the pulse width of the corresponding electromagnetic pulse valve (6) is increased in the next operating cycle; When the secondary adsorption state is determined, the pulse interval time of the corresponding electromagnetic pulse valve (6) in the next operating cycle is increased; When the condition is determined to be a damaged or leaking state, the opening command to the corresponding electromagnetic pulse valve (6) is stopped and an alarm signal is output.

10. The bag filter according to claim 5, characterized in that, The air resistance correction coefficient ranges from 0.8 seconds to 1.2 seconds and is used to compensate for the aerodynamic resistance and the lifting effect of the filtered airflow during the settling of dust clumps in the lower box (2).

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