Soil improvement decay accelerating agent based on compound organisms and preparation method of soil improvement decay accelerating agent

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of decay accelerators, in particular to a composite organism-based soil improvement decay accelerator and a preparation method thereof. The composite organism-based soil improvement decay accelerator is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 20 to 30 parts of molasses, 5 to 10 parts of eggs, 3 to 8 parts of beef extract, 4 to 12 parts of fresh milk, 6 to 15 parts of crushed trash fish, 2 to 5 parts of urea, 1 to 3 parts of monopotassium phosphate, 0.4 to 0.6 part of fungicide, 1 to 3 parts of tea saponin and 6 to 8 parts of additive. According to the invention, the sodium alginate-vermiculite porous carrier structure of the additive is utilized to realize physical embedding and slow release of the pesticide, the major technical contradiction that viable bacteria and the pesticide are difficult to be compatible is effectively solved, and meanwhile, the carrier integrates the functional components such as humic acid and calcium carbonate, so that the carrier has a good application prospect. The comprehensive effects of accelerating decomposition, preventing and controlling plant diseases and insect pests and improving the soil structure can be synchronously realized after the decomposition accelerant is applied, and the defects that a traditional decomposition accelerant is single in function and needs to be applied for multiple times are overcome.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of rotting agents, in particular to a soil improvement rotting agent based on composite organisms and a preparation method thereof. BACKGROUND

[0002] The soil improvement rotting agent based on composite organisms is an active product composed of microorganisms and enzyme preparations, which is used to accelerate the decomposition of agricultural organic materials, can efficiently degrade cellulose and lignin in organic materials such as straw in the soil, convert them into humus, improve soil organic matter, improve soil structure, and help the resource utilization of agricultural waste and improve soil fertility.

[0003] The existing composite organism rotting agent cannot realize efficient synergistic compatibility of multiple strains, because the growth conditions and metabolic characteristics of different microbial strains are significantly different. If multiple microbial strains are simply mixed, not only the synergistic effect cannot be achieved, but also the strains may inhibit each other, resulting in reduced function, so that the rotting agent cannot comprehensively improve the soil structure, and multiple types of rotting agents need to be used together, which is not convenient and has poor economic benefits. Therefore, the present application provides a soil improvement rotting agent based on composite organisms and a preparation method thereof. SUMMARY

[0004] The present application provides a soil improvement rotting agent based on composite organisms and a preparation method thereof. The soil improvement rotting agent based on composite organisms prepared by the present application not only improves the convenience and economic benefits, but also ensures that it can quickly colonize in the soil after being applied and exert the expected high-efficiency decomposition and soil improvement effect.

[0005] To achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the present application provides the following technical scheme: a soil improvement rotting agent based on composite organisms, comprising the following raw materials by weight: molasses 20-30 parts, eggs 5-10 parts, beef extract 3-8 parts, fresh milk 4-12 parts, crushed miscellaneous fish 6-15 parts, urea 2-5 parts, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 1-3 parts, bacterial agent 0.4-0.6 parts, tea saponin 1-3 parts, and additive 6-8 parts. The raw materials of the bacterial agent include soybean nodule bacteria, bacillus megaterium, bacillus sphaericus, trichoderma harzianum, and metarhizium anisopliae. The raw materials of the additive include sodium alginate, deionized water, vermiculite, mineral humic acid, potassium fulvic acid, calcium carbonate, lufenuron, and an additive solution, and the mass ratio of sodium alginate, deionized water, vermiculite, mineral humic acid, potassium fulvic acid, calcium carbonate, lufenuron, and the additive solution is 1: (30-40): (3-5): (2-4): 1: (0.6-1): (0.06-0.08): (6-8).

[0006] Preferably, the preparation method of the bacterial agent is as follows: soybean rhizobium, bacillus megaterium, bacillus sphaericus, trichoderma harzianum and metarhizium anisopliae are inoculated into liquid culture medium respectively, and cultured at 25-30℃ for 24-48h to obtain the fermentation liquor of soybean rhizobium, bacillus megaterium, bacillus sphaericus, trichoderma harzianum and metarhizium anisopliae respectively, the fermentation liquors are mixed to obtain mixed bacterial liquid, the mixed bacterial liquid is centrifuged to obtain precipitate, the precipitate is washed with deionized water for 2-3 times, the obtained product is mixed with protective agent, and the obtained product is freeze-dried to obtain the bacterial agent.

[0007] Preferably, the mass ratio of soybean rhizobium, bacillus megaterium, bacillus sphaericus, trichoderma harzianum and metarhizium anisopliae is 1:1:(0.4-0.6):(1.2-1.8):(0.6-0.8).

[0008] Preferably, the protective agent is prepared by mixing glucose and glycerol, and the mass ratio of glucose to glycerol is 1:(0.3-0.5).

[0009] Preferably, the preparation method of the additive is as follows: sodium alginate and deionized water are added into a reaction kettle, the temperature of the reaction kettle is set to 50-60℃, the stirring speed is 100-200rpm, and constant temperature stirring is performed for 20-30min to obtain a mixed liquid, vermiculite, mineral humic acid, potassium fulvate and calcium carbonate are added into a mixer, the mixer is set to 60-80rpm for stirring for 20-40min, the mixed liquid is added into the mixer, and the mixer is set to 200-400rpm for stirring for 40-60min, then diafenthiuron and an additive liquid are added into the mixer, and the mixer is set to 200-400rpm for stirring for 10-20min to obtain the additive.

[0010] Preferably, the particle size of vermiculite and mineral humic acid is ≤0.1mm.

[0011] Preferably, the preparation method of the additive liquid is as follows: water is added into a mixer, the mixer is set to 60-100rpm for stirring for 30min, polyacrylamide is slowly added into the mixer during the stirring process, and then the mixture is placed for 20-40min, xiangyang and nimbecidine are added into the mixer, the mixer is set to 40-60rpm for stirring for 40-60min, and then the mixture is placed for 5-10min to obtain the additive liquid.

[0012] Preferably, the mass of water is 60-80 times the mass of polyacrylamide, and the mass ratio of xiangyang to nimbecidine is 1:(1.2-1.8).

[0013] Preferably, the mass of xiangyang is 6-8% of the mass of polyacrylamide.

[0014] Preferably, a preparation method of a soil improvement compost accelerator based on composite organisms comprises the following steps: The molasses, egg, beef extract, fresh milk and crushed miscellaneous fish are added into a reaction kettle, the reaction kettle is set at 50-60 DEG C, the stirring speed is 60-80 rpm, constant temperature stirring treatment is carried out for 40-60 min, urea and potassium dihydrogen phosphate are added into the reaction kettle, constant temperature stirring treatment is continued for 10-20 min, then cooling to room temperature, tea saponin, microbial agent and additive are added, setting 100-200 rpm stirring treatment for 40-60 min, the obtained product is transferred to a vacuum stirrer, stirring treatment is carried out under the condition of vacuum degree of-0.08 MPa for 10 min, the obtained product is dried and granulated to prepare the soil improvement compost accelerator.

[0015] Compared with the prior art, the application has the beneficial effects that: 1、In the application, the sodium alginate-vermiculite porous carrier structure of the additive is used to realize physical embedding and slow release of the insecticide, effectively solve the major technical contradiction that live bacteria and pesticides are difficult to be compatible, meanwhile, the carrier integrates functional components such as humic acid and calcium carbonate, so that the compost accelerator can realize the comprehensive effects of accelerating composting, preventing and controlling diseases and pests and improving soil structure after application, the drawbacks of single function and multiple application of traditional compost accelerators are overcome, and the use convenience and economic benefits are greatly improved.

[0016] 2、In the application, the protective agent is added in the preparation process of the soil improvement compost accelerator, so that the damage of the freeze-drying process to the bacteria is greatly reduced, the survival rate of the microbial agent is greatly improved, the oxygen content in the finished product is reduced by combining the vacuum stirring process, the stability of the microbial agent is ensured, the antagonism among multiple strains is avoided by selecting strains, distributing fermentation and centrifugal washing process, so that the core microbial function of the compost accelerator can be maintained for a long time, and the expected efficient composting and soil improvement effect can be quickly colonized and played after being applied to the soil, and the industry common problem that the activity of the bacterial population of the traditional microbial fertilizer decays quickly and the effect is unstable is solved. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0017] Figure 1 A flow chart of a soil improvement compost accelerator based on composite organisms and a preparation method thereof is provided. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0018] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments of the application. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the application, rather than all the embodiments of the application. Based on the embodiments in the application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative work fall within the protection scope of the application.

[0019] It should be noted that the raw materials used in the following embodiments are all commercially available.

[0020] Example 1: A soil conditioner composting agent based on composite organisms comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 20 parts molasses, 5 parts eggs, 3 parts beef extract, 4 parts fresh milk, 6 parts crushed miscellaneous fish, 2 parts urea, 1 part potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 0.4 parts microbial agent, 1 part tea saponin, and 6 parts additives. The raw materials for the microbial agent include: soybean rhizobium, Bacillus megaterium, Bacillus spheroides, Trichoderma harzianum, and Metarhizium repens. The mass ratio of soybean rhizobium, Bacillus megaterium, Bacillus spheroides, Trichoderma harzianum, and Metarhizium repens is 1:1:0.4:1.2:0.6. A method for preparing a soil conditioner and composting agent based on composite organisms includes the following steps: Molasses, eggs, beef extract, fresh milk, and crushed miscellaneous fish were added to a reaction vessel. The reaction vessel was set to 50°C and the stirring speed was 60 rpm. The mixture was stirred at a constant temperature for 40 minutes. Urea and potassium dihydrogen phosphate were added to the reaction vessel, and the mixture was stirred at a constant temperature for another 10 minutes. After cooling to room temperature, tea saponin, bacterial agent, and additives were added. The mixture was stirred at 100 rpm for 40 minutes. The resulting product was transferred to a vacuum mixer and stirred at a vacuum of -0.08 MPa for 10 minutes. The resulting product was dried and granulated to obtain a soil conditioner composting agent.

[0021] The raw materials for the additive include sodium alginate, deionized water, vermiculite, mineral humic acid, potassium fulvate, calcium carbonate, lufenuron, and additive solution. The mass ratio of sodium alginate, deionized water, vermiculite, mineral humic acid, potassium fulvate, calcium carbonate, lufenuron, and additive solution is 1:30:3:2:1:0.6:0.06:6.

[0022] The preparation method of the microbial agent is as follows: Rhizobium soybeanum, Bacillus megaterium, Bacillus spheroides, Trichoderma harzianum, and Metarhizium repens are inoculated into liquid culture medium and cultured at 25°C for 24 hours to obtain fermentation broths of Rhizobium soybeanum, Bacillus megaterium, Bacillus spheroides, Trichoderma harzianum, and Metarhizium repens. The fermentation broths are mixed to obtain a mixed microbial solution. The mixed microbial solution is centrifuged to obtain a precipitate. The precipitate is washed twice with deionized water. The obtained product is mixed with a protective agent and then freeze-dried to obtain the microbial agent.

[0023] The protective agent is prepared by mixing glucose and glycerol in a mass ratio of 1:0.3.

[0024] The preparation method of the additive is as follows: sodium alginate and deionized water are added to a reaction vessel, the reaction vessel is set to a temperature of 50℃, the stirring speed is 100 rpm, and the mixture is stirred at a constant temperature for 20 minutes to obtain a mixed solution. Vermiculite, mineral humic acid, potassium fulvate and calcium carbonate are added to a mixer, the mixer is set to 60 rpm and stirred for 20 minutes. The mixed solution is added to the mixer, and the mixture is stirred at 200 rpm for 40 minutes. Then, lufenuron and additive solution are added to the mixer, and the mixture is stirred at 200 rpm for 10 minutes to obtain the additive. The particle size of vermiculite and mineral humic acid is ≤0.1 mm.

[0025] The preparation method of the additive solution is as follows: water is added to a mixer, the mixer is set to 60 rpm and stirred for 30 minutes, polyacrylamide is slowly added to the mixer during the stirring process, and then it is allowed to stand for 20 minutes. Azadirachtin and azadirachtin are added to the mixer, the mixer is set to 40 rpm and stirred for 40 minutes, and then it is allowed to stand for 5 minutes to obtain the additive solution. The mass of water is 60 times the mass of polyacrylamide, the mass ratio of azadirachtin to azadirachtin is 1:1.2, and the mass of azadirachtin is 6% of the mass of polyacrylamide.

[0026] Example 2: A soil conditioner and composting agent based on composite organisms comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: molasses 25 parts, eggs 8 parts, beef extract 5 parts, fresh milk 8 parts, crushed miscellaneous fish 10 parts, urea 4 parts, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 2 parts, microbial agent 0.5 parts, tea saponin 2 parts, and additives 7 parts. The raw materials for the microbial agent include: soybean rhizobium, Bacillus megaterium, Bacillus spheroides, Trichoderma harzianum, and Metarhizium repens. The mass ratio of soybean rhizobium, Bacillus megaterium, Bacillus spheroides, Trichoderma harzianum, and Metarhizium repens is 1:1:0.5:1.5:0.7. A method for preparing a soil conditioner and composting agent based on composite organisms includes the following steps: Molasses, eggs, beef extract, fresh milk, and crushed miscellaneous fish were added to a reaction vessel. The reaction vessel was set to 55°C and the stirring speed was 70 rpm. The mixture was stirred at this constant temperature for 50 minutes. Urea and potassium dihydrogen phosphate were added to the reaction vessel, and the mixture was stirred at this constant temperature for another 15 minutes. After cooling to room temperature, tea saponin, bacterial agent, and additives were added. The mixture was stirred at 150 rpm for 50 minutes. The resulting product was transferred to a vacuum mixer and stirred at a vacuum of -0.08 MPa for 10 minutes. The resulting product was dried and granulated to obtain a soil conditioner composting agent.

[0027] The raw materials for the additive include sodium alginate, deionized water, vermiculite, mineral humic acid, potassium fulvate, calcium carbonate, lufenuron, and additive solution. The mass ratio of sodium alginate, deionized water, vermiculite, mineral humic acid, potassium fulvate, calcium carbonate, lufenuron, and additive solution is 1:35:4:3:1:0.8:0.07:7.

[0028] The preparation method of the microbial agent is as follows: Rhizobium soybeanum, Bacillus megaterium, Bacillus spheroides, Trichoderma harzianum, and Metarhizium repens are inoculated into liquid culture medium and cultured at 28°C for 36 hours to obtain fermentation broths of Rhizobium soybeanum, Bacillus megaterium, Bacillus spheroides, Trichoderma harzianum, and Metarhizium repens. The fermentation broths are mixed to obtain a mixed microbial solution. The mixed microbial solution is centrifuged to obtain a precipitate. The precipitate is washed twice with deionized water. The obtained product is mixed with a protective agent and then freeze-dried to obtain the microbial agent.

[0029] The protective agent is prepared by mixing glucose and glycerol in a mass ratio of 1:0.4.

[0030] The preparation method of the additive is as follows: sodium alginate and deionized water are added to a reaction vessel, the reaction vessel is set to a temperature of 55℃, the stirring speed is 150 rpm, and the mixture is stirred at a constant temperature for 25 minutes to obtain a mixed solution. Vermiculite, mineral humic acid, potassium fulvate and calcium carbonate are added to a mixer, the mixer is set to 70 rpm and stirred for 30 minutes. The mixed solution is added to the mixer, and the mixture is stirred at 300 rpm for 50 minutes. Then, lufenuron and additive solution are added to the mixer, and the mixture is stirred at 300 rpm for 15 minutes to obtain the additive. The particle size of vermiculite and mineral humic acid is ≤0.1 mm.

[0031] The preparation method of the additive solution is as follows: water is added to a mixer, the mixer is set to 80 rpm and stirred for 30 minutes. During the stirring process, polyacrylamide is slowly added to the mixer. After standing for 30 minutes, azadirachtin and azadirachtin are added to the mixer, the mixer is set to 50 rpm and stirred for 50 minutes. After standing for 8 minutes, the additive solution is obtained. The mass of water is 70 times the mass of polyacrylamide, the mass ratio of azadirachtin to azadirachtin is 1:1.5, and the mass of azadirachtin is 7% of the mass of polyacrylamide.

[0032] Example 3: A soil conditioner and composting agent based on composite organisms comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 30 parts molasses, 10 parts eggs, 8 parts beef extract, 12 parts fresh milk, 15 parts crushed miscellaneous fish, 5 parts urea, 3 parts potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 0.6 parts microbial agent, 3 parts tea saponin, and 8 parts additives. The raw materials for the microbial agent include: soybean rhizobium, Bacillus megaterium, Bacillus spheroides, Trichoderma harzianum, and Metarhizium repens. The mass ratio of soybean rhizobium, Bacillus megaterium, Bacillus spheroides, Trichoderma harzianum, and Metarhizium repens is 1:1:0.6:1.8:0.8. A method for preparing a soil conditioner and composting agent based on composite organisms includes the following steps: Molasses, eggs, beef extract, fresh milk, and crushed miscellaneous fish were added to a reaction vessel. The reaction vessel was set to 60°C and the stirring speed was 80 rpm. The mixture was stirred at a constant temperature for 60 minutes. Urea and potassium dihydrogen phosphate were added to the reaction vessel, and the mixture was stirred at a constant temperature for another 20 minutes. After cooling to room temperature, tea saponin, bacterial agent, and additives were added. The mixture was stirred at 200 rpm for 60 minutes. The resulting product was transferred to a vacuum mixer and stirred at a vacuum of -0.08 MPa for 10 minutes. The resulting product was dried and granulated to obtain a soil conditioner composting agent.

[0033] The raw materials for the additive include sodium alginate, deionized water, vermiculite, mineral humic acid, potassium fulvate, calcium carbonate, lufenuron, and additive solution. The mass ratio of sodium alginate, deionized water, vermiculite, mineral humic acid, potassium fulvate, calcium carbonate, lufenuron, and additive solution is 1:40:5:4:1:1:0.08:8.

[0034] The preparation method of the microbial agent is as follows: Rhizobium soybeanum, Bacillus megaterium, Bacillus spheroides, Trichoderma harzianum, and Metarhizium repens are inoculated into liquid culture medium and cultured at 30°C for 48 hours to obtain fermentation broths of Rhizobium soybeanum, Bacillus megaterium, Bacillus spheroides, Trichoderma harzianum, and Metarhizium repens. The fermentation broths are mixed to obtain a mixed microbial solution. The mixed microbial solution is centrifuged to obtain a precipitate. The precipitate is washed three times with deionized water. The obtained product is mixed with a protective agent and then freeze-dried to obtain the microbial agent.

[0035] The protective agent is prepared by mixing glucose and glycerol in a mass ratio of 1:0.5.

[0036] The preparation method of the additive is as follows: sodium alginate and deionized water are added to a reaction vessel, the reaction vessel is set to a temperature of 60℃, the stirring speed is 200 rpm, and the mixture is stirred at a constant temperature for 30 minutes to obtain a mixed solution. Vermiculite, mineral humic acid, potassium fulvate and calcium carbonate are added to a mixer, the mixer is set to 80 rpm and stirred for 40 minutes. The mixed solution is added to the mixer, and the mixture is stirred at 400 rpm for 60 minutes. Then, lufenuron and additive solution are added to the mixer, and the mixture is stirred at 400 rpm for 20 minutes to obtain the additive. The particle size of vermiculite and mineral humic acid is ≤0.1 mm.

[0037] The preparation method of the additive solution is as follows: water is added to a mixer, the mixer is set to 100 rpm and stirred for 30 minutes. During the stirring process, polyacrylamide is slowly added to the mixer. After standing for 40 minutes, azadirachtin and azadirachtin are added to the mixer, the mixer is set to 60 rpm and stirred for 60 minutes. After standing for 10 minutes, the additive solution is obtained. The mass of water is 80 times the mass of polyacrylamide, the mass ratio of azadirachtin to azadirachtin is 1:1.8, and the mass of azadirachtin is 8% of the mass of polyacrylamide.

[0038] Comparative Example 1: The difference between this comparative example and Example 1 is that this comparative example does not contain any additives.

[0039] Comparative Example 2: The difference between this comparative example and Example 1 is that no additive liquid is added during the preparation of the additive in this comparative example.

[0040] Comparative Example 3 differs from Example 1 in that no protectant is used in the preparation of the bacterial agent in this comparative example.

[0041] Performance testing: Soil structure improvement index test: Pot experiments were conducted. Samples prepared in Examples 1-3 and Comparative Example 1 were mixed with air-dried soil at a mass ratio of 1:100 and used as soil for planting maize (Zhengdan 958). Conventional water and fertilizer management was adopted. After 60 days of cultivation, samples were taken and the content of water-stable aggregates >0.25 mm was determined by wet sieving according to "NY / T1121.19-2008 Soil Testing Part 19: Determination of Soil Water-Stable Macroaggregates". The soil organic matter content was determined by potassium dichromate oxidation-external heating method according to "NY / T 1121.6-2006 Soil Testing Part 6: Determination of Soil Organic Matter". The soil pH value was determined by potentiometric method (soil-water ratio 1:2.5) according to "NY / T 1377-2007 Determination of Soil pH". The test data are recorded in Table 1. Soil slow-release performance test: Following a similar principle to NY / T 2876-2015, a soil culture-liquid chromatography method was used. 1g of the samples prepared in Examples 1-3 and Comparative Example 2 were weighed and mixed evenly with 100g of air-dried soil. The mixture was placed in a constant temperature incubator (25℃) to maintain the soil moisture content at 60% of field capacity. Samples were taken on days 1, 3, 7, 14, 21, and 30. Lufenuron was extracted from the soil with acetonitrile, and the residues were detected by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) after filtration. The data are recorded in Table 2. Survival rate test of bacterial agent: Refer to section 5.3.2 of GB 20287-2006, "Agricultural Microbial Agents," for the determination of viable cell count. The plate count method was used. 1g of the samples prepared in Examples 1-3 and Comparative Example 3 were diluted in 10ml of sterile phosphate-buffered saline (PBS, pH 7.2), spread onto suitable selective solid culture media for each bacterial species, and incubated at 25℃ for 0, 30, and 60 days. Samples were taken to determine the viable cell count, and the survival rate of the agent was calculated and recorded in Table 3. The calculation formula is: Survival rate (%) = (Viable cell count at a certain time / Initial viable cell count) × 100%.

[0042] Table 1: Test results for soil structure improvement indicators

[0043] Analysis of the data in Table 1 shows that the soil amendment catalyst prepared using the method in Comparative Example 1, due to the lack of additives, had a water-stable large aggregate content of only 15.2%, significantly lower than that in Examples 1-3. This is because the cementing effect of mineral-derived humic acid in the additives was missing, resulting in soil particles being unable to bridge and form stable aggregates. The increase in organic matter content was only 7.5%, less than one-third of the organic matter content in Examples 1-3. This indicates that the lack of vermiculite carrier prevented the slow release of organic carbon for microbial utilization. The decrease in pH value indicates that the absence of the calcium carbonate buffer system led to an increase in soil hydrogen ion flux. Therefore, it can be concluded that the additives, through the multi-level pores of sodium alginate-vermiculite loaded with humic acid / calcium carbonate, simultaneously achieve aggregate formation, slow carbon source release, and pH buffering, which can synergistically improve the soil amendment effect.

[0044] Table 2: Soil slow-release performance test

[0045] Analysis of the data in Table 2 shows that the composting agent prepared by the method of Comparative Example 2, due to the lack of additive solution, resulted in severe initial burst release of lufenuron, which could easily cause phytotoxicity and environmental risks. Subsequently, it degraded rapidly due to insufficient protection, with an extremely short half-life. In contrast, Examples 1-3 contained additive solution, and the polyacrylamide in the additive solution formed a dense three-dimensional network structure, which, together with the plant-derived insecticidal components of azadirachtin-neemin, achieved dual encapsulation and slow release of chemical pesticides and plant-derived pesticides. This also shows that the additive is the key to achieving the synergistic slow release of chemical and biological pesticides, avoiding the sudden release and rapid failure of pesticides, and ensuring long-term effectiveness and environmental safety.

[0046] Table 3: Survival rate test of microbial agents

[0047] Analysis of the data in the comparative table shows that the preservative prepared using the method in Comparative Example 3, due to the lack of a protective agent during the preparation process, caused severe physical damage to the bacterial agent during freeze-drying, as ice crystals formed inside and outside the cells would pierce the cell membrane. This not only led to easy leakage of cell contents, but also resulted in a significant decrease in the survival rate of the bacteria during storage. Furthermore, the unprotected bacteria were more susceptible to temperature fluctuations and oxidative stress, with a precipitous drop in survival rate, almost completely inactivating after 60 days. This also indicates that the protective agent forms a glassy protective film on the surface of the bacteria during freeze-drying, effectively reducing ice crystal damage. Glucose and glycerol, as osmotic protectants, maintained the osmotic pressure balance inside and outside the cells, thereby greatly improving the storage stability and shelf life of the bacterial agent.

[0048] This invention utilizes the porous carrier structure of sodium alginate-vermiculite in the additive to achieve physical encapsulation and slow release of insecticides, effectively solving the major technical contradiction of the incompatibility between live bacteria and pesticides. At the same time, the carrier integrates functional components such as humic acid and calcium carbonate, enabling the composting agent to achieve the comprehensive effects of accelerating decomposition, controlling pests and diseases, and improving soil structure simultaneously after application. This overcomes the drawbacks of traditional composting agents that have a single function and require multiple applications, greatly improving the convenience of use and economic benefits. Meanwhile, by adding a protective agent during the preparation of the soil amendment composting agent, the damage to the microorganisms caused by the freeze-drying process is greatly reduced, resulting in a significant increase in the survival rate of the microorganisms. Combined with the vacuum stirring process, the oxygen content in the finished product is reduced, ensuring the stability of the microorganisms. By carefully selecting microbial strains, distributing fermentation, and centrifugal washing processes, the antagonistic effects between multiple microbial strains are avoided, thus ensuring that the core microbial function of the composting agent can be maintained for a long time. This ensures that the agent can quickly colonize the soil and exert the expected efficient composting and soil improvement effects after being applied to the soil, solving the common industry problem of rapid decline in the activity of microbial communities and unstable effects in traditional microbial fertilizers.

[0049] By comparing and analyzing the relevant data in the table, it can be seen that the soil conditioner and composting agent based on composite organisms prepared in this invention not only improves the convenience and economic benefits of use, but also ensures rapid colonization and the expected efficient decomposition and soil improvement effects after application to the soil. This indicates that the soil conditioner and composting agent based on composite organisms provided by this invention has a broader market prospect and is more suitable for promotion.

[0050] In the description of this specification, references to terms such as "an embodiment," "example," "specific example," etc., indicate that a specific feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with that embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the invention. In this specification, the illustrative expressions of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments or examples.

[0051] The preferred embodiments of the present invention disclosed above are merely illustrative of the invention. These preferred embodiments do not exhaustively describe all details, nor do they limit the invention to the specific implementations described. Clearly, many modifications and variations can be made based on the content of this specification. This specification selects and specifically describes these embodiments to better explain the principles and practical applications of the invention, thereby enabling those skilled in the art to better understand and utilize the invention. The invention is limited only by the claims and their full scope and equivalents.

Claims

1. A soil conditioner and composting agent based on composite organisms, characterized in that, The ingredients include the following parts by weight: molasses 20-30 parts, eggs 5-10 parts, beef extract 3-8 parts, fresh milk 4-12 parts, crushed miscellaneous fish 6-15 parts, urea 2-5 parts, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 1-3 parts, microbial agent 0.4-0.6 parts, tea saponin 1-3 parts, and additives 6-8 parts. The raw materials for the microbial agent include: soybean rhizobium, Bacillus megaterium, Bacillus spheroidosa, Trichoderma harzianum, and Metarhizium anisopliae. The raw materials for the additive include sodium alginate, deionized water, vermiculite, mineral humic acid, potassium fulvate, calcium carbonate, lufenuron, and additive solution. The mass ratio of sodium alginate, deionized water, vermiculite, mineral humic acid, potassium fulvate, calcium carbonate, lufenuron, and additive solution is 1:(30-40):(3-5):(2-4):1:(0.6-1):(0.06-0.08):(6-8).

2. The soil conditioner and composting agent based on composite organisms according to claim 1, characterized in that, The preparation method of the microbial agent is as follows: Rhizobium soybeanum, Bacillus megaterium, Bacillus spheroides, Trichoderma harzianum, and Metarhizium repens are inoculated into liquid culture medium and cultured at 25-30℃ for 24-48 hours to obtain fermentation broths of Rhizobium soybeanum, Bacillus megaterium, Bacillus spheroides, Trichoderma harzianum, and Metarhizium repens. The fermentation broths are mixed to obtain a mixed microbial solution. The mixed microbial solution is centrifuged to obtain a precipitate. The precipitate is washed with deionized water 2-3 times. The obtained product is mixed with a protective agent and then freeze-dried to obtain the microbial agent.

3. The soil conditioner and composting agent based on composite organisms according to claim 2, characterized in that, The mass ratio of soybean rhizobium, Bacillus megaterium, Bacillus spheroides, Trichoderma harzianum, and Metarhizium anisopliae is 1:1:(0.4-0.6):(1.2-1.8):(0.6-0.8).

4. The soil conditioner and composting agent based on composite organisms according to claim 2, characterized in that, The protective agent is prepared by mixing glucose and glycerol, with a mass ratio of glucose to glycerol of 1:(0.3 to 0.5).

5. The soil conditioner and composting agent based on composite organisms according to claim 1, characterized in that, The additive is prepared as follows: sodium alginate and deionized water are added to a reaction vessel, the reaction vessel is set to a temperature of 50-60℃, the stirring speed is 100-200 rpm, and the mixture is stirred at a constant temperature for 20-30 minutes to obtain a mixed solution. Vermiculite, mineral humic acid, potassium fulvate, and calcium carbonate are added to a mixer, the mixer is set to 60-80 rpm and stirred for 20-40 minutes. The mixed solution is added to the mixer, and the mixture is stirred at 200-400 rpm for 40-60 minutes. Then, lufenuron and additive solution are added to the mixer, and the mixture is stirred at 200-400 rpm for 10-20 minutes to obtain the additive.

6. The soil conditioner and composting agent based on composite organisms according to claim 5, characterized in that, The particle size of vermiculite and mineral-derived humic acid is ≤0.1mm.

7. The soil conditioner and composting agent based on composite organisms according to claim 5, characterized in that, The preparation method of the additive solution is as follows: water is added to a mixer, the mixer is set to 60-100 rpm and stirred for 30 minutes, polyacrylamide is slowly added to the mixer during the stirring process, and then it is allowed to stand for 20-40 minutes. Azadirachtin and azadirachtin are added to the mixer, the mixer is set to 40-60 rpm and stirred for 40-60 minutes, and then it is allowed to stand for 5-10 minutes to obtain the additive solution.

8. The soil conditioner and composting agent based on composite organisms according to claim 7, characterized in that, The mass of water is 60 to 80 times that of polyacrylamide, and the mass ratio of azadirachtin to azadirachtin is 1:(1.2 to 1.8).

9. The soil conditioner and composting agent based on composite organisms according to claim 1, characterized in that, The mass of azadirachtin is 6-8% of the mass of polyacrylamide.

10. A method for preparing a soil conditioner and composting agent based on composite organisms according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: Molasses, eggs, beef extract, fresh milk, and crushed miscellaneous fish are added to a reaction vessel. The reaction vessel is set at 50–60°C and the stirring speed is 60–80 rpm. The mixture is stirred at this constant temperature for 40–60 minutes. Urea and potassium dihydrogen phosphate are then added to the reaction vessel, and the mixture is stirred at this constant temperature for another 10–20 minutes. After cooling to room temperature, tea saponin, microbial agents, and additives are added. The mixture is stirred at 100–200 rpm for 40–60 minutes. The resulting product is transferred to a vacuum mixer and stirred at a vacuum of -0.08 MPa for 10 minutes. The resulting product is then dried and granulated to obtain a soil conditioner composting agent.

Images