Key ecological region identification method based on ecological system service evaluation with different spatial resolutions
By employing a multi-scale ecosystem service assessment method, combined with Theil-Sen Median trend analysis and the Mann-Kendall test, ecological resilience zones are identified. This addresses the static and multi-scale adaptability issues of existing ecological zone identification technologies, thereby enhancing the scientific rigor and applicability of ecological protection.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2025-12-04
- Publication Date
- 2026-03-27
AI Technical Summary
Existing technologies, when identifying key ecological zones, suffer from static assessments that neglect ecological resilience, multi-scale effects, and insufficient spatial connectivity. They are ill-suited to adapting to climate change and human activities, and lack multi-scale adaptability and spatial optimization, resulting in ineffective protection measures.
A multi-scale ecosystem service assessment approach was adopted. By constructing a multi-source database, ecosystem services were quantitatively calculated and normalized. Combined with Theil-Sen Median trend analysis and Mann-Kendall test, ecological resilience zones were identified. The entropy weight method was used to determine the functional importance weights, and key ecological zones were identified and protection priorities were determined.
It enhances the scientific rigor and forward-looking nature of ecological protection planning, enabling it to reflect the long-term evolution trends of ecosystems, adapt to multi-scale management needs, ensure the connectivity and functional integrity of ecological areas, and provide precise protection strategies.
Smart Images
Figure CN121745463A_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This invention belongs to the field of ecological environment management and spatial planning technology, and more specifically, relates to a method for identifying key ecological zones based on ecosystem service assessment at different spatial resolutions. Background Technology
[0002] In recent years, with the increasing disruption of natural ecosystems by human activities, the protection and restoration of ecological spaces has become a core task in national land spatial planning and the construction of an ecological security pattern. Scientifically identifying key ecological areas is a crucial foundation for delineating ecological protection red lines and implementing ecological restoration projects.
[0003] Currently, various methods have been applied to the identification and assessment of critical ecological zones, mainly including model-based methods such as ecosystem service function importance assessment, ecological sensitivity analysis, habitat quality assessment, and landscape connectivity assessment. Existing technologies for identifying critical ecological zones often rely on static assessments at a specific point in time. For example, based on land use / cover data, methods such as the InVEST model and ArcGIS spatial analysis are used to assess the importance of single or multiple ecosystem services, such as water conservation, soil and water conservation, and biodiversity maintenance, and then classify ecological protection levels based on the assessment results. While these methods can reflect the spatial differentiation of regional ecological functions to some extent, they have significant limitations: First, static assessments struggle to reflect the long-term evolutionary trends, fluctuation characteristics, and stability of ecosystem services, neglecting the dynamics and resilience of ecosystems, resulting in identification results that cannot adapt to long-term protection needs under climate change and human activity disturbances. Second, most assessments are conducted only at a single spatial scale, lacking multi-scale adaptive analysis of administrative units at the provincial, municipal, and county levels, or natural units such as watersheds, making it difficult to meet the decision-making needs of management departments at different levels. Third, traditional methods do not adequately consider the spatial connectivity and functional integrity between ecological patches during the assessment process, and rarely introduce spatial optimization algorithms such as graph theory and minimum cumulative resistance models to identify ecological corridors and optimize ecological network structures, potentially leading to fragmented ecological areas and weakening the overall ecological function. Furthermore, existing technologies rely heavily on expert experience or simple overlay analysis when determining priority areas for ecological protection and restoration, lacking a comprehensive priority determination mechanism that combines ecosystem service degradation risks, spatiotemporal change trends, and spatial location characteristics, affecting the cost-effectiveness and implementation effectiveness of protection measures. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop a key ecological zone identification method that can integrate multi-scale assessment, spatiotemporal dynamic analysis, and spatial optimization algorithms to overcome the shortcomings of existing technologies and improve the scientific and forward-looking nature of ecological protection planning. Summary of the Invention
[0004] To address the above-mentioned deficiencies or improvement needs of existing technologies, this invention provides a method for identifying key ecological zones based on multi-scale ecosystem service assessment, thereby solving the problem that static assessments in existing technologies neglect ecological resilience, multi-scale effects, and spatial connectivity.
[0005] To achieve the above objectives, according to one aspect of the present invention, a method for identifying key ecological zones based on ecosystem service assessment at different spatial resolutions is provided, comprising the following steps: (1) Determine the assessment area and time range, obtain grid parameter data of the assessment area within the time range, and form a multi-source database; the grid parameter data includes remote sensing image data, meteorological data, elevation data, soil data, topographic data and land use data; preprocess the multi-source database to construct a grid assessment system with different spatial resolutions; (2) Based on the grid assessment system with different spatial resolutions obtained in step (1), the ecosystem services of the assessment area are quantitatively calculated using the integrated assessment model of ecosystem services and trade-offs to obtain the values of each ecosystem service, and the values of each ecosystem service are normalized to obtain the normalized values of each ecosystem service. (3) Calculate the trend and significance of change of each of the ecosystem services within the time range; and divide the assessment area into different categories of ecological resilience zones based on the magnitude of the change of the ecosystem services within the time range. (4) The entropy weight method is used to determine the functional importance weight of each ecosystem service, and the comprehensive importance index of ecosystem services is calculated based on the normalized values of each ecosystem service obtained in step (2); the comprehensive importance index of ecosystem services is classified into importance levels using the natural breakpoint classification method to obtain importance regions of different levels. (5) Overlay the different types of ecological resilience zones with different levels of importance zones to obtain different key ecological zones, so as to complete the identification of key ecological zones.
[0006] Preferably, in step (1), the preprocessing specifically involves: firstly, extracting the land use data using ArcGIS software and reclassifying it into cultivated land, forest land, grassland, water bodies, construction land, and unused land; then, resampling and spatializing the grid parameter data and unifying the multi-source database into different scales of plots and grid units to construct a grid evaluation system with different spatial resolutions.
[0007] Preferably, in step (2), the ecosystem services include water production, soil and water conservation, total carbon storage, habitat quality level and recreational service supply.
[0008] Preferably, in step (2), an integrated assessment model of ecosystem services and trade-offs is used to quantify the water production, soil and water conservation, total carbon storage, habitat quality level and recreational service supply of the assessment area. The formula for calculating the water production is as follows:
[0009] in, Let x be the annual water production in grid x. The actual annual evapotranspiration in grid x. Let x be the annual precipitation in grid x; The formula for calculating the total carbon storage is as follows:
[0010] in, Total carbon storage, Above-ground carbon storage, For underground root carbon storage, For soil carbon storage, Carbon storage in dead organic matter; The formula for calculating the habitat quality level is as follows:
[0011] in, The habitat quality level of grid x. For the adaptation of land use types, Let x be the degree of degradation of the grid, and s be a preset scale constant. It is the preset half-saturation coefficient; The formula for calculating the soil and water conservation amount is:
[0012]
[0013]
[0014] in, , and They are grids Soil and water conservation volume, potential soil erosion volume, and actual soil erosion volume. For grid precipitation erosivity factor, For grid Soil erodibility factors, Grid The slope length and slope factor, For grid Vegetation cover and management factors For grid Soil and water conservation measures and factors; The calculation formula for the supply of leisure services is as follows:
[0015] Where Q represents the supply of leisure services. For grid The area of the internal recreational green space, where d is the service radius of the green space. The number of pixels within the service radius of the green space; Preferably, in step (2), the normalization formula is:
[0016] in, It is a normalized value of a certain ecosystem service. These are the index values before standardization; and These are before normalization The minimum and maximum values; Preferably, in step (3), the changing trend of the ecosystem services within the time range is analyzed using Theil-SenMedian trend analysis, and the calculation formula is as follows:
[0017] in, The changing trends of ecosystem services over a time frame; and Let r-th and j-th sequence values be the r-th and j-th values respectively within the time range t, satisfying... ; The significance of the changes in the ecosystem services within the stated time frame was assessed using the Mann-Kendall significance test, the formula of which is as follows:
[0018] Where Z represents the significance of changes in ecosystem services within the stated time range; T is a statistic, Var(T) is the variance of T, and the formula for calculating T is: ; Where q represents the number of data points in the time range t.
[0019] Preferably, in step (3), the formula for calculating the ecological resilience zone (ERI) is: ; Where Z represents the significance of changes in ecosystem services over the stated time range, and CV is the coefficient of variation for each ecosystem service.
[0020] Preferably, in step (3), the ecological resilience zone includes a continuously improving zone, a stable maintenance zone, and a continuously degraded zone; the criteria for classifying the three types of ecological resilience zones are as follows: When ERI > 0.5 and Z > 1.64, it is classified as a region of continuous improvement; When -0.5 ≤ ERI ≤ 0.5, -1.64 ≤ Z ≤ 1.64 is classified as the stable maintenance region; When ERI < -0.5 and Z < -1.64, it is classified as a continuously degrading region.
[0021] Preferably, in step (4), the formula for calculating the comprehensive importance index of ecosystem services is:
[0022] in, Comprehensive importance index for ecosystem services; The importance weight of functions serving a particular ecosystem. Normalized value for a certain ecosystem service.
[0023] In summary, compared with the prior art, the above-described technical solutions conceived by this invention can achieve the following beneficial effects: This invention constructs a multi-scale grid assessment system, effectively balancing the expression of macro-ecological patterns and micro-ecological processes, significantly improving assessment accuracy and adaptability to different management scales. It introduces spatiotemporal dynamic analysis based on Theil-Sen Median trend analysis and the Mann-Kendall test, enabling the scientific identification of ecological resilience zones and ensuring that the delineated key ecological zones reflect long-term ecological security and system stability. The entropy weight method objectively determines the functional importance weights of various ecosystem services, comprehensively quantifying ecosystem service functions and significantly improving the scientific rigor and objectivity of the identification results. Furthermore, by superimposing protection priorities, it achieves the classification and grading of core ecological patches, providing an operational spatial basis for the accurate delineation of ecological protection red lines and the implementation of differentiated protection strategies. Through the comprehensive integration of multi-source data and model assessments, it further enhances the comprehensiveness and applicability of this method in various regions, providing reliable technical support for ecological protection and spatial planning. Attached Figure Description
[0024] Figure 1 This is the overall flowchart of the present invention. Detailed Implementation
[0025] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this invention clearer, the invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative and not intended to limit the invention. Furthermore, the technical features involved in the various embodiments of this invention described below can be combined with each other as long as they do not conflict with each other.
[0026] This embodiment takes the core area of the Hani Rice Terraces in Yunnan Province as the research object and adopts a key ecological zone identification method based on multi-scale ecosystem service assessment, such as... Figure 1 As shown, the method includes the following steps: Step 1: Determine the assessment area and time range, acquire multi-source data, and preprocess it.
[0027] Data from 2000 to 2020 was obtained for the core area of the Hani Rice Terraces in Yunnan Province, including: remote sensing imagery (Landsat™ / OLI series images for land use classification); meteorological data (precipitation and temperature data provided by the China Meteorological Data Network); elevation data (SRTMDEM); soil data (soil type and texture data from the World Soil Database (HWSD); topographic data (slope and aspect extracted from DEM); land use data (reclassified into cultivated land, forest land, grassland, water bodies, construction land, and unused land based on remote sensing interpretation); and socioeconomic data (population density and GDP data from the Yuanyang County Statistical Yearbook).
[0028] ArcGIS software was used to perform projection transformation and resampling of the data, and the statistical data was gridded through spatial interpolation to construct a multi-scale evaluation system.
[0029] Step 2: Quantification of Ecosystem Services Water production is calculated using the InVEST model's water production module, with input parameters such as precipitation, evapotranspiration, and soil depth, based on the water balance equation.
[0030] in, Let x be the annual water production in grid x. The actual annual evapotranspiration in grid x. Let x be the annual precipitation in grid x; Total carbon storage was calculated using the InVEST model carbon storage module, based on land use type and carbon density data:
[0031] in, Total carbon storage, Above-ground carbon storage, For underground root carbon storage, For soil carbon storage, Carbon storage in dead organic matter; Habitat quality levels were assessed using the InVEST model's habitat quality module, with land use type and threat source data as input.
[0032] in, The habitat quality level of grid x. For land use type adaptability (habitat adaptability), Let x represent the degree of degradation of the mesh, and s be a preset scale constant, typically set to 2.5. It is the preset half-saturation coefficient, which is usually set to 0.5; Soil and water conservation data were calculated using the InVEST model's Sediment Transport Ratio (SDR) module: The soil and water conservation volume is calculated using the Sediment Transport Ratio (SDR) module of the InVEST model. The calculation formula is as follows:
[0033]
[0034]
[0035] in, , and They are grids Soil and water conservation volume, potential soil erosion volume, and actual soil erosion volume. For grid precipitation erosivity factor, For grid Soil erodibility factors, Grid The slope length and slope factor, For grid Vegetation cover and management factors For grid Soil and water conservation measures and factors; Leisure services supply (RS): Calculating service value based on the attractiveness and accessibility of natural landscapes (such as terraced fields and forests). The formula for calculating the supply of leisure services is:
[0036] Where Q represents the supply of leisure services. For grid The area of the internal recreational green space, where d is the service radius of the green space. The number of pixels within the service radius of the green space; The ecosystem service values described in each item were normalized to eliminate the influence of dimensions:
[0037] in, It is a normalized value of a certain ecosystem service. These are the index values before standardization; and These are before normalization The minimum and maximum values.
[0038] Step 3: Delineation of Ecological Resilience Zones Theil-SenMedian trend analysis was used to calculate the slope of changes in various ecosystem services from 2000 to 2020. The Mann-Kendall test (significance level p<0.05) was then used to determine the significance of the trends, and three types of ecological resilience zones were identified. The specific steps of the Theil-SenMedian trend analysis and Mann-Kendall significance test are as follows: The Theil-SenMedian trend analysis formula is:
[0039] in, The changing trends of ecosystem services over a time frame; and Let r-th and j-th sequence values be the r-th and j-th values respectively within the time range t, satisfying... ; The specific formula for the Mann-Kendall significance test is as follows:
[0040] Where Z represents the significance of changes in ecosystem services within the stated time range; T is a statistic, Var(T) is the variance of T, and the formula for calculating T is: ; in, The changing trends of ecosystem services over a time frame. Greater than 0 and A value less than 0 indicates an increasing or decreasing trend in ecosystem services within the assessment timeframe, respectively. and Let r-th and j-th sequence values be the values within the time range t, respectively, satisfying... ; q represents the number of data points in the time range t; Z represents the significance of changes in ecosystem services within the time range; T is a statistic, Var(T) is the variance of T, and |Z|>1.64 indicates that the trend of change in the time series is significant.
[0041] Ecological Resilience Index (ERI) calculation: ; Where Z represents the significance of the change in ecosystem services within the time range, and CV is the coefficient of variation of a certain ecosystem service (i.e., the standard deviation of a certain ecosystem service divided by the mean of a certain ecosystem service).
[0042] Zoning criteria: Continuous improvement zone (ERI>0.5 and Z>1.64), stable maintenance zone (-0.5 ≤ ERI ≤ 0.5 and -1.64≤ Z ≤1.64), and continuous degradation zone (ERI<-0.5 and Z<-1.64).
[0043] Step 4: Importance Assessment and Classification The weights of the five services were determined using the entropy weight method, and a comprehensive importance index was calculated based on the normalized values of the ecosystem services obtained. The natural breakpoint method was used to classify them into four levels.
[0044] The formula for calculating the comprehensive importance index is as follows:
[0045] in, Comprehensive importance index for ecosystem services; The importance weight of functions serving a particular ecosystem. Normalized value for a certain ecosystem service.
[0046] Based on the importance index of ecosystem service functions, the natural breakpoint method is used to automatically identify breakpoints and classify them into four levels: generally important, moderately important, important, and extremely important.
[0047] Step 5: Protection Priority Determination By overlaying ecological resilience zones and importance zones, spatial clustering is performed to identify key ecological areas and determine protection priorities. The comprehensive zoning and management strategies are detailed in the table below:
[0048] Those skilled in the art will readily understand that the above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention.
Claims
1. A method for identifying key ecological zones based on ecosystem service assessment at different spatial resolutions, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: (1) Determine the assessment area and time range, obtain grid parameter data of the assessment area within the time range, and form a multi-source database; the grid parameter data includes remote sensing image data, meteorological data, elevation data, soil data, topographic data and land use data; The multi-source database is preprocessed to construct a grid evaluation system with different spatial resolutions; (2) Based on the grid assessment system with different spatial resolutions obtained in step (1), the ecosystem services of the assessment area are quantitatively calculated using the integrated assessment model of ecosystem services and trade-offs to obtain the values of each ecosystem service, and the values of each ecosystem service are normalized to obtain the normalized values of each ecosystem service. (3) Calculate the trends and significance of changes in each of the ecosystem services mentioned above within the time frame; Based on the magnitude of the changes in the ecosystem services within the time frame, the assessment area is divided into different categories of ecological resilience zones; (4) The functional importance weight of each ecosystem service is determined by the entropy weight method, and the comprehensive importance index of ecosystem services is calculated based on the normalized values of each ecosystem service obtained in step (2). The comprehensive importance index of ecosystem services was classified into importance levels using the natural discontinuity classification method, resulting in importance regions of different levels. (5) Overlay the different types of ecological resilience zones with different levels of importance zones to obtain different key ecological zones, so as to complete the identification of key ecological zones.
2. The method for identifying key ecological zones based on ecosystem service assessment at different spatial resolutions as described in claim 1, characterized in that, In step (1), the preprocessing specifically involves: firstly, extracting the land use data using ArcGIS software, and then reclassifying it into cultivated land, forest land, grassland, water bodies, construction land, and unused land; then, resampling and spatializing the grid parameter data, unifying the multi-source database into different scales of plots and grid units, and constructing a grid evaluation system with different spatial resolutions.
3. A method for identifying key ecological zones based on ecosystem service assessment at different spatial resolutions as described in claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, In step (2), the ecosystem services include water production, soil and water conservation, total carbon storage, habitat quality level and recreational service supply.
4. The method for identifying key ecological zones based on ecosystem service assessment at different spatial resolutions as described in claim 3, characterized in that, In step (2), the comprehensive assessment model of ecosystem services and trade-offs is used to quantify the water production, soil and water conservation, total carbon storage, habitat quality level and recreational service supply in the assessment area. The formula for calculating the water production is as follows: in, Let x be the annual water production in grid x. The actual annual evapotranspiration in grid x. Let x be the annual precipitation in grid x; The formula for calculating the total carbon storage is as follows: in, Total carbon storage, Above-ground carbon storage, For underground root carbon storage, For soil carbon storage, Carbon storage in dead organic matter; The formula for calculating the habitat quality level is as follows: in, The habitat quality level of grid x. For the adaptation of land use types, The degree of degradation of mesh x is given by s, where s is a preset scale constant. It is the preset half-saturation coefficient; The formula for calculating the soil and water conservation amount is: in, , and They are grids Soil and water conservation volume, potential soil erosion volume, and actual soil erosion volume. For grid precipitation erosivity factor, For grid Soil erodibility factors, Grid The slope length and slope factor, For grid Vegetation cover and management factors For grid Soil and water conservation measures and factors; The formula for calculating the supply of leisure services is as follows: Where Q represents the supply of leisure services. For grid The area of the internal recreational green space, where d is the service radius of the green space. The number of pixels within the service radius of the green space.
5. The method for identifying key ecological zones based on ecosystem service assessment at different spatial resolutions as described in claim 4, characterized in that, In step (2), the normalization formula is: in, It is a normalized value of a certain ecosystem service. These are the index values before normalization; and They are The minimum and maximum values.
6. The method for identifying key ecological zones based on ecosystem service assessment at different spatial resolutions as described in claim 5, characterized in that, In step (3), the changing trend of the ecosystem services within the time range is analyzed using Theil-SenMedian trend analysis, and the calculation formula is as follows: in, The changing trends of ecosystem services over a time frame; and Let r-th and j-th sequence values be the same over a time interval t, satisfying... ; The significance of the changes in the ecosystem services within the stated time frame was assessed using the Mann-Kendall significance test, the formula of which is as follows: Where Z represents the significance of changes in ecosystem services within the stated time range; T is a statistic, Var(T) is the variance of T, and the formula for calculating T is: ； Where q represents the number of data points in the time range t.
7. The method for identifying key ecological zones based on ecosystem service assessment at different spatial resolutions as described in claim 6, characterized in that, In step (3), the formula for calculating the Ecological Resilience Zone (ERI) is: ； Where Z represents the significance of changes in ecosystem services over the stated time range, and CV is the coefficient of variation for each ecosystem service.
8. The method for identifying key ecological zones based on ecosystem service assessment at different spatial resolutions as described in claim 7, characterized in that, In step (3), the ecological resilience zone includes a continuously improving zone, a stable maintenance zone, and a continuously degraded zone; the criteria for classifying the three types of ecological resilience zones are as follows: When ERI > 0.5 and Z > 1.64, it is classified as a region of continuous improvement; When -0.5 ≤ ERI ≤ 0.5, -1.64 ≤ Z ≤ 1.64 is classified as the stable maintenance region; When ERI < -0.5 and Z < -1.64, it is classified as a persistent degradation region.
9. The method for identifying key ecological zones based on ecosystem service assessment at different spatial resolutions as described in claim 8, characterized in that, In step (4), the formula for calculating the comprehensive importance index of ecosystem services is: in, Comprehensive importance index for ecosystem services; The importance weight of functions serving a particular ecosystem. Normalized value for a certain ecosystem service.