Pesticidal reactive oxygen substituted indole compounds

Abstract

Compounds of the formula (I) wherein the substituents are as defined in claim 1 and the agrochemically acceptable salts, stereoisomers, enantiomers, tautomers and N-oxides of those compounds can be used as insecticides. (I)

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to 2-indolinone compounds with pest-killing activity, such as as active ingredients, which possess pest-killing activity, particularly insecticidal 2-indolinone compounds. The invention also relates to the preparation of these 2-indolinone compounds, intermediates that can be used in the preparation of these 2-indolinone compounds, the preparation of these intermediates, agricultural chemical compositions comprising at least one of these 2-indolinone compounds, the preparation of these compositions, and the use of these 2-indolinone compounds or compositions in agriculture or horticulture for controlling animal pests, including arthropods and particularly representatives of insects or mites. Background Technology

[0002] WO 2023 / 037249, WO 2023 / 285175, WO 2022 / 157188 ​​and WO 2019 / 197468 describe certain fused heterobicyclic formamide derivatives with toxic biological activity. EP 344634 describes 2-oxoindoline-5-carboxamide and 2-oxoindoline-6-carboxamide derivatives for the treatment of heart and circulatory system diseases. Summary of the Invention

[0003] It has now been unexpectedly discovered that certain novel 2-indolinone compounds possess necrotic bioactivity. More specifically, certain novel 2-oxoindolin-7-carboxamides (or 2,3-dihydro-2-oxo-1H-indole-7-carboxamide derivatives) and their aza analogs possess necrotic bioactivity.

[0004] The invention relates, in a first aspect, to compounds having formula (I): (I) Where A 1 It is CH or N; Q is Qa or Qb , where the wavy line represents the connection between Q and the remaining part of the compound having the formula (I); R 1 It is hydrogen, C1-C6 alkyl, C1-C6 cyanoalkyl, C1-C3 alkoxy-C1-C6 alkyl, C2-C6 alkenyl, C2-C6 alkynyl, C3-C4 cycloalkyl-C1-C2 alkyl or C1-C6 alkoxycarbonyl; R 2a and R 2a' Each of the following is independently hydrogen, halogen, cyano, C1-C3 alkyl, or C3-C4 cycloalkyl; or R 2a and R 2a'Together with the carbon atoms to which they are attached, they form C3-C6 cycloalkyl groups; R 2b It is a C3-C4 cycloalkyl group that is hydrogen, halogen, C1-C3 haloalkyl, C1-C3 haloalkoxy, cyano, SF5, C1-C3 alkylthioalkyl, C1-C3 alkylsulfinyl, C1-C3 alkylsulfonyl, C1-C3 haloalkylthioalkyl, C1-C3 haloalkylsulfinyl, C1-C3 haloalkylsulfonyl, C1-C5 cyanoalkyl, C1-C5 cyanoalkoxy, C3-C4 cycloalkyl C1-C2 alkyl, C3-C4 cycloalkyl C1-C2 haloalkyl, C3-C4 cycloalkyl carbonyl, or optionally substituted with one or two substituents independently selected from the group consisting of: halogen, cyano, C1-C3 alkyl, and C1-C3 haloalkyl; R 3 It is a C1-C3 alkyl or a C1-C3 haloalkyl; R 4 It is pyridyl, pyrimidinyl, pyrazinyl, pyridazinyl, or thiazolyl, each of which is independently and optionally substituented by a single substituent R. 4b Replace; or R 4 It is optionally replaced by a single substituent R 4c N-substituted oxo-pyridazinyl; R 4a It is a pyridinyl, pyrimidinyl, pyrazinyl, pyridazinyl, thiazolyl, pyrazol-1-yl, or N-linked triazole group, each of which is independently and optionally substituented by a single R. 4b Replace; or R 4a It is optionally replaced by a single substituent R 4c N-substituted oxo-pyridazinyl; R 4b It is hydrogen, halogen, cyano, hydroxyl, C1-C3 alkyl, C1-C3 haloalkyl, C1-C3 alkoxy, C1-C3 haloalkoxy, -C(O)NR 10 R 11 -N(R) 11 )C(O)OR 10 or -N(R) 11 )C(O)R 10 ; R 4c It is a C1-C3 alkyl, C1-C3 haloalkyl, allyl, propyneyl, or C3-C6 cycloalkyl or C1-C4 alkyl; R 5 R 5a and R 5b It is independently hydrogen, halogen, C1-C3 alkyl, C1-C3 alkoxy, or C3-C4 cycloalkyl; R 10It is hydrogen, C1-C3 alkyl, C3-C6 cycloalkyl, C3-C4 cycloalkyl, C1-C2 alkyl, C1-C3 cyanoalkyl, cyanoC3-C6 cycloalkyl, C1-C3 alkoxyC1-C3 alkyl, or C1-C4 haloalkyl; R 11 It is hydrogen, hydroxyl, C1-C3 alkyl, C3-C4 cycloalkyl, cyanoC3-C6 cycloalkyl, C1-C3 cyanoalkyl, C1-C3 alkoxyC1-C3 alkyl, C1-C3 haloalkyl or C1-C3 alkoxy; X is an oxygen atom or a sulfur atom; Or an agriculturally chemically acceptable salt, stereoisomer, enantiomer, tautomer, or N-oxide of the compound having formula (I).

[0005] The present invention also provides a method for preparing compounds having formula (I) and intermediate compounds that can be used to prepare compounds having formula (I).

[0006] In a second aspect, the invention makes it possible to obtain a composition comprising a compound having formula (I) as defined in the first aspect, one or more adjuvants and diluents, and optionally one or more other active ingredients.

[0007] In a third aspect, the present invention enables the provision of a method for combating and controlling pests such as insects, mites, nematodes, or mollusks, the method comprising applying to the pest, the site of the pest, or plants susceptible to pest attack an effective amount of a compound, such as an insecticide, a miteicide, a nematodeicide, or a molluskicide, as defined in the first aspect or a composition as defined in the second aspect, to the pest, the site of the pest, or plants susceptible to pest attack.

[0008] In a fourth aspect, the present invention provides a method for protecting plant propagation material from harmful organisms such as insects, mites, nematodes, or mollusks, the method comprising treating the propagation material or the site where the propagation material is grown with an effective amount of a compound having formula (I) as defined in the first aspect or a composition as defined in the second aspect.

[0009] In a fifth aspect, the present invention makes it possible to obtain a plant propagation material, such as a seed, which comprises a compound having formula (I) as defined in the first aspect or a composition as defined in the second aspect, or is treated with, coated with, or has the compound or composition attached thereto.

[0010] In another aspect, the present invention provides a method for controlling parasites internal or external to an animal in need, the method comprising administering an effective amount of a compound having formula (I) as defined in the first aspect. The present invention further provides a method for controlling ectoparasites in an animal in need, the method comprising administering an effective amount of a compound having formula (I) as defined in the first aspect. The present invention further provides a method for preventing and / or treating diseases transmitted by ectoparasites, the method comprising administering an effective amount of a compound having formula (I) as defined in the first aspect to an animal in need. Detailed Implementation

[0011] Compounds having at least one basic center and having formula (I) can form, for example, acid addition salts with: strong inorganic acids (such as mineral acids, such as perchloric acid, sulfuric acid, nitric acid, nitrous acid, phosphoric acid, or hydrohalic acid), strong organic carboxylic acids (such as unsubstituted or, for example, halogenated C1-C4 alkylcarboxylic acids, such as acetic acid, saturated or unsaturated dicarboxylic acids, such as oxalic acid, malonic acid, succinic acid, maleic acid, fumaric acid, or phthalic acid, such as hydroxycarboxylic acids, such as ascorbic acid, lactic acid, malic acid, tartaric acid, or citric acid, or such as benzoic acid), or organic sulfonic acids (such as unsubstituted or, for example, halogenated C1-C4 alkylsulfonic acids or arylsulfonic acids, such as methanesulfonic acid or p-toluenesulfonic acid). A compound having at least one acidic group of formula (I) may, for example, form a salt with a base, such as a mineral salt, like an alkali metal or alkaline earth metal salt, such as a sodium salt, potassium salt or magnesium salt; or form a salt with ammonia or an organic amine (such as morpholine, piperidine, pyrrolidine, mono-, di- or tri-alkylamines, such as ethylamine, diethylamine, triethylamine or dimethylpropylamine, or mono-, di- or tri-hydroxyalkylamines, such as monoethanolamine, diethanolamine or triethanolamine).

[0012] In each case, the compound having formula (I) according to the invention is in a free form, in an oxidized form (such as an N-oxide) or in a salt form (e.g., in the form of an agronomically available salt).

[0013] N-oxides are the oxidized forms of tertiary amines or nitrogen-containing heteroaromatic compounds. For example, they are described by A. Albini and S. Pietra in their 1991 book, "Heterocyclic N-oxides," published by CRC Press in Boca Raton.

[0014] The compounds of formula (I) according to the invention also include hydrates that may form during salt formation.

[0015] As used in this article, the term "C1-C" n"Alkyl" refers to a saturated straight-chain or branched hydrocarbon radical having 1 to n carbon atoms attached via any one of the carbon atoms, such as any of the following radicals: methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, 1-methylbutyl, 2-methylbutyl, 3-methylbutyl, 2,2-dimethylpropyl, 1-ethylpropyl, n-hexyl, n-pentyl, 1,1-dimethylpropyl, 1,2-dimethylpropyl, 1-methylpentyl, 2-methylpentyl, 3-methylpentyl, 4-methylpentyl, 1,1-dimethylbutyl, 1,2-dimethylbutyl, 1,3-dimethylbutyl, 2,2-dimethylbutyl, 2,3-dimethylbutyl, 3,3-dimethylbutyl, 1-ethylbutyl, 2-ethylbutyl, 1,1,2-trimethylpropyl, 1,2,2-trimethylpropyl, 1-ethyl-1-methylpropyl, or 1-ethyl-2-methylpropyl.

[0016] As used in this article, the term "C1-C" n "Haloalkyl" refers to a straight-chain or branched saturated alkyl group (as mentioned above) having 1 to n carbon atoms attached via any one carbon atom, wherein some or all of the hydrogen atoms in these groups may be replaced by fluorine, chlorine, bromine and / or iodine, i.e., any one of the following: chloromethyl, dichloromethyl, trichloromethyl, fluoromethyl, difluoromethyl, trifluoromethyl, chlorofluoromethyl, dichlorofluoromethyl, chlorodifluoromethyl, 2-fluoroethyl, 2-chloroethyl, 2-bromoethyl, 2-iodoethyl, 2,2-difluoroethyl, 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl, 2-chloro-2-fluoroethyl, 2-chloro-2,2-difluoroethyl, 2,2-dichloro-2-fluoroethyl, 2,2,2-trichloroethyl, pentafluoroethyl, 2-fluoropropyl, 3-fluoropropyl, 2,2-difluoropropyl, 2,3-difluoroethyl Propyl, 2-chloropropyl, 3-chloropropyl, 2,3-dichloropropyl, 2-bromopropyl, 3-bromopropyl, 3,3,3-trifluoropropyl, 3,3,3-trichloropropyl, 2,2,3,3,3-pentafluoropropyl, heptafluoropropyl, 1-(fluoromethyl)-2-fluoroethyl, 1-(chloromethyl)-2-chloroethyl, 1-(bromomethyl)-2-bromoethyl, 4-fluorobutyl, 4-chlorobutyl, 4-bromobutyl, or nonafluorobutyl. Accordingly, "C1-C2 fluoroalkyl" refers to a C1-C2 alkyl radical with 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5 fluorine atoms, such as any of the following: difluoromethyl, trifluoromethyl, 1-fluoroethyl, 2-fluoroethyl, 2,2-difluoroethyl, 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl, 1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethyl, or pentafluoroethyl.

[0017] As used in this article, the term "C1-C" n"Alkoxy" refers to a straight-chain or branched saturated alkyl group (as mentioned above) having 1 to n carbon atoms, which is attached via an oxygen atom, i.e., any of the following groups, for example: methoxy, ethoxy, n-propoxy, 1-methylethoxy, n-butoxy, 1-methylpropoxy, 2-methylpropoxy, or 1,1-dimethylethoxy. As used herein, the term "halogenated C1-C" is used in conjunction with the following terms. n "Alkoxy" refers to C1-C n Alkoxy radicals, wherein one or more hydrogen atoms on an alkyl radical are replaced by one or more identical or different halogen atoms – examples include trifluoromethoxy, 2-fluoroethoxy, 3-fluoropropoxy, 3,3,3-trifluoropropoxy, and 4-chlorobutoxy.

[0018] As used in this article, the term "C1-C" n "Cyanoalkyl" refers to a straight-chain or branched saturated alkyl radical (as mentioned above) having 1 to n carbon atoms, wherein one of the hydrogen atoms in these radicals is replaced by a cyano group: for example, cyanomethyl, 2-cyanoethyl, 2-cyanopropyl, 3-cyanopropyl, 1-(cyanomethyl)-2-ethyl, 1-(methyl)-2-cyanoethyl, 4-cyanobutyl, etc.

[0019] As used in this article, the term "C3-C" n "Cycloalkyl" refers to a saturated monocyclic hydrocarbon radical with 3 to n carbon atoms attached to any one of the ring carbon atoms, such as cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, and cyclohexyl.

[0020] As used in this article, the term "cyanoC3-C" n "Cycloalkyl" refers to C3-C n Cycloalkyl radicals, in which one of the hydrogen atoms in these radicals is replaced by a cyano group. For example, cyano C3-C4 cycloalkyl radicals refer to cyclopropyl or cyclobutyl radicals, in which one of the hydrogen atoms in these radicals is replaced by a cyano group.

[0021] As used in this article, the term "C3-C" n "Cycloalkyl carbonyl" refers to a C3-C group bonded to a carbonyl (C=O) group. n A cycloalkyl radical, in which the carbonyl group is attached to the remainder of the molecule. Similarly, as used herein, the term "C1-C..." n Alkyl carbonyl, C1-C n "alkoxycarbonyl", "phenyloxycarbonyl", and "benzyloxycarbonyl" refer to C1-C groups bonded to a carbonyl (C=O) group. n Alkyl, C1-C n Alkoxy, phenyloxy, and benzyloxy groups, with the carbonyl group attached to the remainder of the molecule.

[0022] As used herein, the term "C3-C4 cycloalkyl C1-C2 alkyl" refers to a cyclopropyl or cyclobutyl radical bonded to the remainder of the molecule via a methylene or ethylene bridge. When the C3-C4 cycloalkyl C1-C2 alkyl radical is substituted, one or more substituents may bond to the C3-C4 cycloalkyl radical and / or to the C1-C2 alkyl bridge.

[0023] As used in this article, the term "C1-C" n "alkyl-thioalkyl" refers to C1-C atoms linked by sulfur atoms. n Alkyl moiety. Similarly, as used herein, the term "C1-C" refers to the alkyl group. n "Halogenated alkylthio" or "C1-C" n "Halogenated alkyl thioalkyl" refers to C1-C atoms linked by sulfur atoms. n Haloalkyl moiety. Similarly, the term "C3-C" n "Cycloalkylthioalkyl" refers to a 3-n-membered cycloalkyl moiety linked by a sulfur atom.

[0024] As used in this article, the term "C1-C" n "alkyl sulfinyl" refers to a C1-C group connected by a sulfur atom in an S (=O) group. n Alkyl moiety. Similarly, as used herein, the term "C1-C" refers to the alkyl group. n "halogenated alkyl sulfinyl" or "C1-C" n "Haloalkylsulfinyl" refers to a C1-C group connected by a sulfur atom via an S (=O) group. n Haloalkyl moiety. Similarly, the term "C3-C" n "Cycloalkylsulfinyl" refers to a 3-n-membered cycloalkyl moiety connected by a sulfur atom in an S (=O) group.

[0025] As used in this article, the term "C1-C" n "alkylsulfonyl" refers to a C1-C group connected by a sulfur atom in an S(=O)2 group. n Alkyl moiety. Similarly, as used herein, the term "C1-C" refers to the alkyl group. n "halogenated alkyl sulfonyl" or "C1-C" n "Haloalkylsulfonyl" refers to a C1-C group connected by a sulfur atom via an S(=O)2 group. n Haloalkyl moiety. Similarly, the term "C3-C" n "Cycloalkylsulfonyl" refers to a 3-n-membered cycloalkyl moiety connected by a sulfur atom of an S(=O)2 group.

[0026] As used in this article, the term "C2-C" n "Alkenyl" refers to a straight-chain or branched alkenyl chain with two to n carbon atoms and one or two double bonds, such as vinyl, prop-1-alkenyl, and but-2-alkenyl.

[0027] As used in this article, the term "C2-C" n "Alynyl" refers to a straight-chain or branched alkynyl chain with two to n carbon atoms and a triple bond, such as ethynyl, prop-2-alkynyl, and but-3-alkynyl.

[0028] Halogens, or "halogenated," are typically fluorine, chlorine, bromine, or iodine. This also applies accordingly to halogens combined with other meanings, such as alkyl halogens.

[0029] As used herein, the term “optionally substituted” means that the group referred to is unsubstituted or substituted by a specified substituent, for example, “C3-C4 cycloalkyl optionally substituted by one or two halogen atoms” means C3-C4 cycloalkyl, C3-C4 cycloalkyl substituted by one halogen atom, and C3-C4 cycloalkyl substituted by two halogen atoms.

[0030] As used herein, the term “control” refers to reducing the number of pests, eliminating pests, and / or preventing further pest damage, thereby reducing damage to plants or plant-derived products.

[0031] As used herein, the term "pest" refers to insects and mollusks present in the storage of agricultural, horticultural, forestry, and plant-derived products (such as fruits, grains, and timber); as well as pests associated with damage to man-made structures. The term "pest" encompasses all stages of the life cycle of the said pests.

[0032] As used herein, the term "effective amount" refers to the amount of a compound or its salt that provides the desired effect when applied in a single or multiple applications.

[0033] The effective amount is readily determined by those skilled in the art using known techniques and by observing results obtained under similar conditions. In determining the effective amount, numerous factors are considered, including but not limited to: the type of plant or derivative to be applied; the pest to be controlled and its life cycle; the specific compound applied; the type of application; and other relevant circumstances.

[0034] As will be understood by those skilled in the art, compounds having formula (I) contain a stereocenter in the following formula (I) (Using an asterisk to indicate:) (I ) Where A 1 R 1 R 2a R 2a' R 2b R 3Q and X are as defined in the first aspect.

[0035] This invention considers both racemic mixtures and individual enantiomers. Compounds having the preferred stereochemistry of formula (I') are shown below: (I')

[0036] A particularly preferred compound of the present invention is a compound having the formula (I'), wherein A 1 R 1 R 2a R 2a' R 2b R 3 Q and X are as defined in the first aspect, and stereoisomers, enantiomers, tautomers and N-oxides of compounds having formula (I'), and their agrochemically acceptable salts.

[0037] Particularly preferred compounds having formula (I') include compounds having formula (I'a) as shown below, wherein X is O, and A 1 R 1 R 2a R 2a' R 2b R 3 Q is as defined in the first aspect, and stereoisomers, enantiomers, tautomers and N-oxides of compounds having formula (I'a), and their agrochemically acceptable salts:

[0038] Having formula (I), (I) ), (I a) compounds and preferred compounds having formulas (I') and (I'a), wherein A 1 R 1 R 2a R 2a' R 2b R 3 Q and X, as defined in the first aspect, can exist in different tautomeric forms, represented as a lactam fragment (I”-1), a lactimide fragment (I”-2), and when R… 2a Or R 2a’ When at least one of them is hydrogen, it is represented as an enol fragment (I”-3): The wavy line represents the expression with equation (I) and (I). ), (I The remaining portions of compounds a), (I'), and (I'a) are linked. This invention covers all such tautomers and mixtures thereof in full proportion.

[0039] The particularly preferred compounds of the present invention are those having formula (I), (I... ), (I a) compounds and preferred compounds having formulas (I') and (I'a), wherein A 1 It is CH, and R is in it. 1 R 2a R 2a' R 2b R 3 Q and X are as defined in the first aspect. These compounds can exist in different tautomeric forms, as shown above, having a lactam segment (I”-1), a lactimide segment (I”-2), and when R 2a Or R 2a’ When at least one of them is hydrogen, it has an enol segment (I”-3). More preferably, X is oxygen.

[0040] Embodiments of the present invention are provided, as listed below.

[0041] In embodiments of each aspect of the invention, A 1 It is N. In another embodiment of each aspect of the invention, A 1 It is CH. In a preferred embodiment of each aspect of the invention, A 1 It is CH.

[0042] In each embodiment of the invention, X is O (i.e., an oxygen atom). In each embodiment of the invention, X is S (i.e., a sulfur atom). Preferably, in each embodiment of the invention, X is O.

[0043] In embodiments of each aspect of the invention, R 1 As shown below: AR 1 It is hydrogen, C1-C6 alkyl, C1-C6 cyanoalkyl, C1-C3 alkoxy-C1-C6 alkyl, C2-C6 alkenyl, C2-C6 alkynyl, C3-C4 cycloalkyl-C1-C2 alkyl, or C1-C6 alkoxycarbonyl; or BR 1 It is hydrogen, methyl, ethyl, or cyclopropyl-methyl; or CR 1 It is hydrogen, methyl, or cyclopropylmethyl; or DR 1 It is hydrogen or methyl; or ER 1It is methyl; or FR 1 It is hydrogen.

[0044] In a preferred embodiment of each aspect of the invention, R 1 It is hydrogen, methyl, or cyclopropylmethyl; or R 1 It is hydrogen or methyl. Most preferably, R 1 It is hydrogen.

[0045] In embodiments of each aspect of the invention, R 2a As shown below: AR 2a It is hydrogen, halogen, C1-C3 alkyl or C3-C4 cycloalkyl; or BR 2a It is hydrogen, halogen, or C1-C3 alkyl; or CR 2a It is a halogen, -CN, or C1-C3 alkyl group; or DR 2a It is hydrogen, methyl, ethyl, or fluorine; or ER 2a It is methyl, ethyl, or fluorine; or FR 2a It is either fluorine or methyl.

[0046] In embodiments of each aspect of the invention, R 2a' As shown below: AR 2a' It is hydrogen, halogen, C1-C3 alkyl or C3-C4 cycloalkyl; or BR 2a' It is hydrogen, halogen, or C1-C3 alkyl; or CR 2a' It is a halogen, cyano, or C1-C3 alkyl group; or DR 2a' It is hydrogen, methyl, ethyl, or fluorine; or ER 2a' It is methyl, ethyl, or fluorine; or FR 2a' It is either fluorine or methyl.

[0047] In preferred embodiments of each aspect of the invention: AR 2a and R 2a' Each of the following is independently hydrogen, halogen, cyano, C1-C3 alkyl, or C3-C4 cycloalkyl; or R 2a and R 2a' Together with the carbon atoms to which they are attached, they form C3-C6 cycloalkyl groups; or BR 2a and R 2a'All are hydrogen, halogen, cyano, C1-C3 alkyl, or C3-C4 cycloalkyl; R 2a and R 2a' Together with the carbon atoms to which they are attached, they form C3-C6 cycloalkyl groups; or CR 2a and R 2a' Each is independently hydrogen, halogen, or C1-C3 alkyl; or DR 2a and R 2a' All are hydrogen, halogen, or C1-C3 alkyl; or R 2a With R 2a' Together with the carbon atoms to which they are attached, they form cyclopropyl or cyclobutyl groups; or ER 2a and R 2a' They are all fluorine or methyl, or they form a cyclopropyl group together with the attached carbon atom; or FR 2a and R 2a' Together with the carbon atoms to which they are attached, they form cyclopropyl groups; or GR 2a and R 2a' They are all fluorine or methyl; or HR 2a and R 2a' They are all bromine, fluorine, methyl, or ethyl, or they form cyclopropyl or cyclobutyl groups together with the attached carbon atom; or IR 2a and R 2a' All are bromine, fluorine, methyl, or ethyl; or JR 2a and R 2a' All are fluorine, methyl, or ethyl; or KR 2a and R 2a' They are all fluorine, methyl, or ethyl, or they form cyclopropyl or cyclobutyl groups together with the attached carbon atom; or LR 2a With R 2a' Together with the carbon atoms to which they are attached, they form cyclopropyl or cyclobutyl groups; or MR 2a and R 2a' Together with the carbon atoms to which they are attached, they form cyclopropyl groups.

[0048] In a preferred embodiment of each aspect of the invention, R 2a and R 2a' Choose the same option, or R 2a and R 2a' Together with the carbon atoms to which they are attached, they form C3-C6 cycloalkyl groups. For example, R 2a and R2a' They are all hydrogen, fluorine, methyl or ethyl, or R 2a and R 2a' Together with the carbon atoms to which they are attached, they form cyclopropyl or cyclobutyl groups.

[0049] In embodiments of each aspect of the invention, R 2b As shown below: AR 2b It is a C3-C4 cycloalkyl group, which is hydrogen, halogen, C1-C3 haloalkyl, C1-C3 haloalkoxy, cyano, SF5, C1-C3 alkylthioalkyl, C1-C3 alkylsulfinyl, C1-C3 alkylsulfonyl, C1-C3 haloalkylthioalkyl, C1-C3 haloalkylsulfinyl, C1-C3 haloalkylsulfonyl, C1-C5 cyanoalkyl, C1-C5 cyanoalkoxy, C3-C4 cycloalkyl C1-C2 alkyl, C3-C4 cycloalkyl C1-C2 haloalkyl, C3-C4 cycloalkyl carbonyl, or optionally substituted with one or two substituents independently selected from the group consisting of: halogen, -CN, C1-C3 alkyl, and C1-C3 haloalkyl; or BR 2b It is hydrogen, halogen, C1-C3 haloalkyl, C1-C3 haloalkoxy, cyano, SF5, C1-C3 alkylthioalkyl, C1-C3 alkylsulfinyl, C1-C3 alkylsulfonyl, C1-C3 haloalkylthioalkyl, C1-C3 haloalkylsulfinyl, C1-C3 haloalkylsulfonyl, C1-C5 cyanoalkyl, C1-C5 cyanoalkoxy, C3-C4 cycloalkyl C1-C2 alkyl, C3-C4 cycloalkyl C1-C2 haloalkyl, C3-C4 cycloalkyl carbonyl, cyclopropyl, or cyclopropyl substituted with one or two substituents independently selected from the group consisting of: halogen, -CN, methyl, and trifluoromethyl; or CR 2b It is a halogen, C1-C3 haloalkyl, C1-C3 haloalkoxy, C1-C3 alkylsulfonyl, C1-C3 haloalkylsulfonyl, C1-C5 cyanoalkyl, C3-C4 cycloalkyl, C1-C2 alkyl, or cyclopropyl; or DR 2b It is a halogen, a C1-C3 haloalkyl, a C1-C3 haloalkylsulfonyl, or a cyclopropyl; or ER 2b It is chlorine, bromine, iodine, difluoromethyl, or trifluoromethyl, 2,2-difluoroethyl, 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl, trifluoromethylsulfonyl, or cyclopropyl; or FR 2b It is chlorine, bromine, iodine, cyclopropyl, difluoromethyl, or trifluoromethyl; or GR 2bIt is chlorine, bromine, cyclopropyl, difluoromethyl, or trifluoromethyl; or HR 2b It is chlorine, bromine, cyclopropyl or trifluoromethyl; or IR 2b It is chlorine or trifluoromethyl.

[0050] In a preferred embodiment of each aspect of the invention, R 2b It is chlorine, bromine, iodine, cyclopropyl, difluoromethyl, or trifluoromethyl, for example, R. 2b It is chlorine or trifluoromethyl.

[0051] In embodiments of each aspect of the invention, R 3 As shown below: AR 3 It is a C1-C3 alkyl or a C1-C3 haloalkyl; or BR 3 It is methyl or trifluoromethyl; or CR 3 It is a methyl group.

[0052] In a preferred embodiment of each aspect of the invention, R 3 It is a methyl group.

[0053] In embodiments of each aspect of the invention, Q is Q a In which Q is Q a In the embodiments, R 5 As shown below: AR 5 It is hydrogen, halogen, C1-C3 alkyl or C3-C4 cycloalkyl; or BR 5 It is hydrogen, halogen, or C1-C3 alkyloxy group; or CR 5 It is hydrogen, halogen, C1-C3 alkyl or C3-C4 cycloalkyl; or DR 5 It is hydrogen, halogen, or C1-C3 alkyloxy group; or ER 5 It is hydrogen, halogen, or C1-C3 alkyl; or FR 5 It is hydrogen, chlorine, bromine, methyl, cyclopropyl, methoxy, 2-methoxyethoxy, difluoromethoxy, trifluoromethoxy, 2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy, methyl carbonyl, methoxycarbonyl, or 1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl; or GR 5 It is hydrogen, bromine, iodine, methoxy, 2-methoxyethoxy; or HR 5It is hydrogen, bromine, iodine, methyl, ethyl, cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, methoxy, ethoxy, or 2-methoxyethoxy; or IR 5 It is hydrogen.

[0054] In a preferred embodiment, R 5 as follows: AR 5 It is hydrogen, bromine, iodine, methyl, ethyl, cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, methoxy, ethoxy, or 2-methoxyethoxy; or BR 5 It is hydrogen, bromine, methyl, cyclopropyl, methoxy, or ethoxy; or CR 5 It is hydrogen, cyclopropyl, or methoxy; or DR 5 It is hydrogen.

[0055] For example, Q a Selected from Q a -1 to Q a -16:

[0056] For example, Q a It is Q a -1、Q a -4、Q a -5, Q a -6、Q a -7、Q a -10 or Q a -15; or Q a Selected from Q a -1、Q a -6、Q a -7、Q a -10 and Q a -15. Preferably, Q is Q a -1 or Q a -15. Most preferably, Q is Q. a -1.

[0057] In another embodiment of each aspect of the invention, Q is Q b In which Q is Q b In the embodiments, R 5a and R 5b As shown below: AR 5a It is hydrogen, halogen, C1-C3 alkyl or C3-C4 cycloalkyl; or BR 5a It is hydrogen, halogen, or C1-C3 alkyloxy group; or CR 5aIt is hydrogen, halogen, or C1-C3 alkyl; or DR 5a It is hydrogen, chlorine, fluorine, methyl, cyclopropyl, trifluoromethyl, methoxy, difluoromethoxy, or cyano; or ER 5a It is hydrogen, chlorine, fluorine, cyclopropyl, trifluoromethyl, methoxy, or difluoromethoxy; or FR 5a It is hydrogen, fluorine, cyclopropyl, trifluoromethyl, or difluoromethoxy; or GR 5a It is hydrogen; and AR 5b It is hydrogen, halogen, C1-C3 alkyl or C3-C4 cycloalkyl; or BR 5b It is hydrogen, halogen, or C1-C3 alkyloxy group; or CR 5b It is hydrogen, halogen, or C1-C3 alkyl; or DR 5b It is hydrogen, chlorine, fluorine, or methoxy; or ER 5b It is hydrogen, fluorine, or methoxy; or FR 5b It is hydrogen.

[0058] In which Q is Q b In a preferred embodiment: AR 5a It is hydrogen, chlorine, fluorine, cyclopropyl, trifluoromethyl, methoxy, or difluoromethoxy, and R 5b It is hydrogen, fluorine, or methoxy; or BR 5a It is hydrogen, fluorine, cyclopropyl, trifluoromethyl, or difluoromethoxy, and R 5b It is hydrogen, chlorine, fluorine, or methoxy; or CR 5a It is hydrogen, fluorine, cyclopropyl, trifluoromethyl, or difluoromethoxy, and R 5b It is hydrogen, fluorine, or methoxy; or DR 5a It is hydrogen, fluorine, cyclopropyl, trifluoromethyl, or difluoromethoxy, and R 5b It is hydrogen; or ER 5a It is hydrogen, and R 5b It is hydrogen, fluorine, or methoxy; or FR 5a and R 5b It is hydrogen.

[0059] For example, Q b Selected from Qb -1 to Q b -13:

[0060] For example, Q b It is Q b -1、Q b -2、Q b -3、Q b -5, Q b -6、Q b -8、Q b -9、Q b -10 or Q b -11; or Q b Selected from Q b -1、Q b -2、Q b -3、Q b -5, Q b -8、Q b -9、Q b -10 and Q b -11. For example, Q b It is Q b -1、Q b -2、Q b -3、Q b -5, Q b -8、Q b -10 or Q b -11. Preferably, Q b It is Q b -1、Q b -3、Q b -5, Q b -10 or Q b -11. Most preferably, Q b It is Q b -1.

[0061] In which Q is Q a In the embodiments, R 4 As shown below: AR 4 It is pyridyl, pyrimidinyl, pyrazinyl, pyridazinyl, or thiazolyl, each of which is independently and optionally substituented by a single substituent R. 4b Replace; or R 4 It is optionally replaced by a single substituent R 4c N-substituted oxo-pyridazinyl; or BR 4 It is Q c -1、Q c -2、Q c -3、Q c-4、Q c -5, Q c -6、Q c -7、Q c -8 or Q c -9: ;or CR 4 It is Q c -1、Q c -2、Q c -3、Q c -4、Q c -5, Q c -6 or Q c -9; or DR 4 It is Q c -1、Q c -2、Q c -3、Q c -4 or Q c -9; or ER 4 It is Q c -1、Q c -2 or Q c -3; or FR 4 It is Q c -2 or Q c -3; or GR 4 It is pyrazin-2-yl, pyrimidin-2-yl, 1-methyl-6-oxo-pyridazin-3-yl, 6-methoxypyridazin-3-yl, 5-cyano-2-pyridinyl, 6-carbamoylpyrimidin-4-yl, 6-(methylcarbamoyl)pyrimidin-4-yl, 6-(methoxycarbonylamino)pyrimidin-4-yl, 6-cyanopyrimidin-4-yl, 5-carbamoyl-thiazolyl-2-yl, or 5-cyanothiazol-2-yl; or HR 4 It is pyrazin-2-yl, pyrimidin-2-yl, 5-cyano-2-pyridinyl, 6-carbamoylpyrimidin-4-yl, 6-(methylcarbamoyl)pyrimidin-4-yl, 6-(methoxycarbonylamino)pyrimidin-4-yl, 6-cyanopyrimidin-4-yl, 5-carbamoyl-thiazolyl-2-yl, or 5-cyanothiazol-2-yl; or IR 4 It is pyrimidin-2-yl, 5-cyano-2-pyridyl, 6-carbamoylpyrimidin-4-yl, 6-(methylcarbamoyl)pyrimidin-4-yl, 6-(methoxycarbonylamino)pyrimidin-4-yl, or 6-cyanopyrimidin-4-yl; or JR4 It is pyrazin-2-yl, pyrimidin-2-yl, 1-methyl-6-oxo-pyridazin-3-yl, 6-methoxypyridazin-3-yl, 5-cyano-2-pyridinyl, 6-carbamoylpyrimidin-4-yl, 6-(methylcarbamoyl)pyrimidin-4-yl, 6-(methoxycarbonylamino)pyrimidin-4-yl, 6-cyanopyrimidin-4-yl, 5-bromopyrimidin-2-yl, 5-bromopyrazin-2-yl, 5-carbamoyl-thiazolyl-2-yl, or 5-cyanothiazolyl-2-yl; or KR 4 It is pyrazin-2-yl, pyrimidin-2-yl, 1-methyl-6-oxo-pyridazin-3-yl, 6-methoxypyridazin-3-yl, 5-cyano-2-pyridinyl, 6-carbamoylpyrimidin-4-yl, 6-(methylcarbamoyl)pyrimidin-4-yl, 6-(methoxycarbonylamino)pyrimidin-4-yl, 6-cyanopyrimidin-4-yl; or LR 4 It is pyrazin-2-yl, pyrimidin-2-yl, 1-methyl-6-oxo-pyridazin-3-yl, 6-methoxypyridazin-3-yl, 6-carbamoylpyrimidin-4-yl, 6-(methylcarbamoyl)pyrimidin-4-yl, or 6-cyanopyrimidin-4-yl; or MR 4 It is pyrimidin-2-yl, 6-carbamoylpyrimidin-4-yl, 6-(methylcarbamoyl)pyrimidin-4-yl, or 6-cyanopyrimidin-4-yl; or NR 4 It is pyrimidin-2-yl; or OR 4 It is 6-carbamoylpyrimidin-4-yl, 6-(methylcarbamoyl)pyrimidin-4-yl, or 6-cyanopyrimidin-4-yl.

[0062] In a preferred embodiment of each aspect of the invention, R 4 It is Q c -1、Q c -2、Q c -3、Q c -4、Q c -5, Q c -6 or Q c -9. More preferably, R 4 It is Q c -1、Q c -2 or Q c -3. For example, R 4It is pyrazin-2-yl, pyrimidin-2-yl, 1-methyl-6-oxo-pyridazin-3-yl, 6-methoxypyridazin-3-yl, 5-cyano-2-pyridinyl, 6-carbamoylpyrimidin-4-yl, 6-(methylcarbamoyl)pyrimidin-4-yl, 6-(methoxycarbonylamino)pyrimidin-4-yl, 6-cyanopyrimidin-4-yl, 5-bromopyrimidin-2-yl, 5-bromopyrazin-2-yl, 5-carbamoyl-thiazolyl-2-yl, or 5-cyanothiazol-2-yl, preferably R. 4 It is pyrazin-2-yl, pyrimidin-2-yl, 1-methyl-6-oxo-pyridazin-3-yl, 6-methoxypyridazin-3-yl, 5-cyano-2-pyridinyl, 6-carbamoylpyrimidin-4-yl, 6-(methylcarbamoyl)pyrimidin-4-yl, 6-(methoxycarbonylamino)pyrimidin-4-yl, or 6-cyanopyrimidin-4-yl. More preferably, R 4 It is pyrimidin-2-yl, 5-cyano-2-pyridyl, 6-carbamoylpyrimidin-4-yl, 6-(methylcarbamoyl)pyrimidin-4-yl, 6-(methoxycarbonylamino)pyrimidin-4-yl, or 6-cyanopyrimidin-4-yl. For example, R 4 It is pyrimidin-2-yl, 6-carbamoylpyrimidin-4-yl, 6-(methylcarbamoyl)pyrimidin-4-yl, and 6-cyanopyrimidin-4-yl.

[0063] In which Q is Q b In the embodiments, R 4a As shown below: AR 4a It is a pyridinyl, pyrimidinyl, pyrazinyl, pyridazinyl, thiazolyl, pyrazol-1-yl, or N-linked triazole group, each of which is independently and optionally substituented by a single R. 4b Replace; or R 4a It is optionally replaced by a single substituent R 4c N-substituted oxo-pyridazinyl; or BR 4a It is Q c -1、Q c -2、Q c -3、Q c -4、Q c -5, Q c -6、Q c -7、Q c -8、Q c -9、Q c -10 or Q c -11: ;or CR 4a It is Qc -1、Q c -2、Q c -3、Q c -4 or Q c -9; or DR 4a It is Q c -1、Q c -2 or Q c -3; or ER 4a It is Q c -1; or FR 4a It is 5-cyano-2-pyridyl; that is, R 4a It is Q c -1, where the cyano group is R 4b .

[0064] In a preferred embodiment of each aspect of the invention, R 4a It is Q c -1、Q c -2、Q c -3、Q c -4 or Q c -9, for example, R 4a It is Q c -1、Q c -2 or Q c -3. More preferably, R 4a It is Q c -1.

[0065] In a preferred embodiment of each aspect of the invention, R 4 and R 4a The pyridinyl, pyrimidinyl, pyrazinyl, thiazolyl, and oxo-pyridazinyl rings are each connected to the remainder of the compound via carbon atoms. In other words, R 4 and R 4a The carbon atoms of the pyridyl, pyrimidinyl, pyrazinyl, thiazolyl, or oxo-pyridazinyl rings are respectively associated with Q. a Or Q b connect.

[0066] In embodiments of each aspect of the invention, R 4b As shown below: AR 4b It is hydrogen, halogen, cyano, hydroxyl, C1-C3 alkyl, C1-C3 haloalkyl, C1-C3 alkoxy, C1-C3 haloalkoxy, -C(O)NR 10 R 11 -N(R) 11 )C(O)OR 10 or -N(R) 11)C(O)R 10 ;or BR 4b It is hydrogen, halogen, cyano, hydroxyl, C1-C3 alkyl, C1-C3 fluoroalkyl, C1-C3 alkoxy, C1-C3 fluoroalkoxy, -C(O)NR 10 R 11 or -NHC(O)R 10 ;or CR 4b It is hydrogen, fluorine, chlorine, iodine, cyano, C1-C3 alkyl, C1-C3 alkoxy, -C(O)NR 10 R 11 -NHC(O)R 10 or -N(CH3)C(O)R 10 ;or DR 4b It is hydrogen, chlorine, iodine, cyano, C1-C3 alkyl, methoxy, -C(O)NR 10 R 11 -NHC(O)R 10 or -N(CH3)C(O)R 10 ;or ER 4b It is hydrogen, cyano, C1-C3 alkyl, C1-C3 alkoxy, -C(O)NR 10 R 11 -NHC(O)R 10 or -N(CH3)C(O)R 10 ;or FR 4b It is hydrogen, cyano, C1-C3 alkyl, methoxy, C(O)NHR 11 -NHC(O)R 10 or -N(CH3)C(O)R 10 ;or GR 4b It is hydrogen, cyano, methyl, ethyl, methoxy, ethoxy, -C(O)NHR 11 -C(O)N(CH3)R 11 -NHC(O)R 10 or -N(CH3)C(O)R 10 ;or HR 4b It is hydrogen, cyano, methyl, methoxy, -C(O)NH2, -C(O)NHCH3, -C(O)N(CH3)2, -C(O)NHCH2CN, -C(O)N(CH3)CH2CN or -NHC(O)OCH3; or IR 4bIt is hydrogen, cyano, methyl, methoxy, -C(O)NH2, -C(O)NHCH3 or -NHC(O)OCH3; or JR 4b It is hydrogen, halogen, cyano, C1-C3 alkyl, C1-C3 alkoxy, C1-C3 fluoroalkoxy, -C(O)NR 10 R 11 -NHC(O)R 10 or -NHC(O)OR 10 ;or KR 4b It is hydrogen, bromine, cyano, methyl, ethyl, methoxy, ethoxy, -C(O)NHR 11 -C(O)N(CH3)R 11 -NHC(O)R 10 -N(CH3)C(O)R 10 or -NHC(O)OR 10 ;or LR 4b It is hydrogen, bromine, cyano, methyl, methoxy, -C(O)NH2, -C(O)NHCH3, -C(O)N(CH3)2, -C(O)NHCH2CN, -C(O)N(CH3)CH2CN or -NHC(O)OCH3; or MR 4b It is hydrogen, bromine, cyano, methyl, methoxy, -C(O)NH2, -C(O)NHCH3 or -NHC(O)OCH3.

[0067] In embodiments of each aspect of the invention, for example, where Q is Q a -1 or Q b -1, R 10 As shown below: AR 10 It is hydrogen, C1-C3 alkyl, C3-C6 cycloalkyl, C3-C4 cycloalkyl, C1-C2 alkyl, C1-C3 cyanoalkyl, cyanoC3-C6 cycloalkyl, C1-C3 alkoxyC1-C3 alkyl, or C1-C4 haloalkyl; or BR 10 It is hydrogen, C1-C3 alkyl, C3-C4 cycloalkyl, cyclopropyl C1-C2 alkyl, C1-C3 cyanoalkyl, cyanoC3-C4 cycloalkyl, C1-C3 alkoxyC1-C3 alkyl, or C1-C4 haloalkyl; or CR 10 It is hydrogen, C1-C3 alkyl, cyclopropyl, cyclopropylmethyl, cyanomethyl, 2-cyanoethyl, cyanoC3-C4 cycloalkyl, or C1-C3 alkoxyC1-C3 alkyl; or DR 10It is hydrogen, methyl, ethyl, isopropyl, cyclopropyl, cyclopropylmethyl, cyanomethyl, 2-cyanoethyl, 2-cyanocyclopropyl, methoxymethyl, 2-methoxyethyl, or ethoxymethyl; or ER 10 It is hydrogen, methyl, ethyl, isopropyl, cyclopropyl, or cyanomethyl; or FR 10 It is hydrogen, methyl, ethyl, isopropyl, or cyclopropyl; or GR 10 It is hydrogen, methyl, or cyanomethyl; or HR 10 It is hydrogen or methyl; And R 11 As shown below: AR 11 It is hydrogen, hydroxyl, C1-C3 alkyl, C3-C4 cycloalkyl, cyanoC3-C6 cycloalkyl, C1-C3 cyanoalkyl, C1-C3 alkoxyC1-C3 alkyl, C1-C3 haloalkyl, or C1-C3 alkoxy; or BR 11 It is hydrogen, hydroxyl, C1-C3 alkyl, C1-C3 cyanoalkyl, cyanoC3-C4 cycloalkyl, C1-C3 alkoxy, C1-C3 alkyl, or C1-C3 alkoxy; or CR 11 It is hydrogen, C1-C3 alkyl, C3-C4 cycloalkyl, C1-C3 cyanoalkyl, or C1-C3 alkoxy; or DR 11 It is hydrogen, C1-C3 alkyl, cyanocyclopropyl, C1-C3 alkoxy, C1-C3 alkyl, or methoxy; or ER 11 It is hydrogen, C1-C3 alkyl, cyanomethyl, 2-cyanoethyl, methoxymethyl, or C1-C3 alkoxy; or FR 11 It is hydrogen, C1-C3 alkyl, cyclopropyl, or C1-C3 alkoxy; or GR 11 It is hydrogen, C1-C3 alkyl, cyclopropyl, or methoxy; or HR 11 It is hydrogen, methyl, ethyl, cyanomethyl, 2-cyanoethyl, cyclopropyl, 1-cyanocyclopropyl, or methoxy; or IR 11 It is hydrogen or methyl; or JR 11 It is hydrogen.

[0068] In a preferred embodiment of each aspect of the invention, R 10 It is hydrogen, methyl, or cyanomethyl, for example, R 10It is hydrogen or methyl. Also in embodiments of each aspect of the invention, R... 11 It is hydrogen or methyl, for example, R 11 It is hydrogen.

[0069] In a preferred embodiment of each aspect of the invention, R 4b It is hydrogen, bromine, cyano, methyl, methoxy, -C(O)NH2, -C(O)NHCH3, -C(O)N(CH3)2, -C(O)NHCH2CN, -C(O)N(CH3)CH2CN or -NHC(O)OCH3. More preferably, R 4b It is hydrogen, bromine, cyano, methyl, methoxy, -C(O)NH2, -C(O)NHCH3 or -NHC(O)OCH3.

[0070] When R 4b It is hydrogen, which means the corresponding pyridinyl, pyrimidinyl, pyrazinyl, pyridazinyl, thiazolyl, pyrazol-1-yl, or N-linked triazole group R 4 Or R 4a It is not replaced.

[0071] In a preferred embodiment of each aspect of the invention, group R 4b Relative to R 4 Or R 4a With the remainder of the compound (i.e., with Q respectively) a Or Q b The connection of the ring is in the intermediate or opposite position.

[0072] In embodiments of each aspect of the invention, R 4c As shown below: AR 4c It is a C1-C3 alkyl, C1-C3 haloalkyl, allyl, propargyl, or C3-C6 cycloalkyl or C1-C4 alkyl; or BR 4c It is a C1-C3 alkyl, C1-C3 haloalkyl, or C3-C6 cycloalkyl / C1-C4 alkyl; or CR 4c It is methyl, ethyl, difluoromethyl, 2,2-difluoroethyl, 2,2,2-trifluoromethyl, allyl, propargyl, or cyclopropylmethyl; or DR 4c It is methyl, ethyl, allyl, propargyl, or cyclopropylmethyl; or ER 4c It is methyl, ethyl, or cyclopropylmethyl; or FR 4c It is methyl or cyclopropylmethyl; or GR 4c It is a methyl group.

[0073] In a preferred embodiment of each aspect of the invention, R 4c It is a methyl group.

[0074] Therefore, the present invention makes it possible to obtain compounds having (I) having substituent A as defined above in all combinations and permutations. 1 Q (i.e., Q) a With R 4 and R 5 , or Q b With R 4a R 5a and R 5b ), R 1 R 2a and R 2a' R 2b R 3 R 10 R 11 And X.

[0075] For example, this makes it possible to obtain a compound having (I), where A 1 It is CH or N, preferably A. 1 It is CH; X is O; R 1 It is hydrogen, methyl, ethyl, or cyclopropyl-methyl, for example, R 1 It is hydrogen or methyl; R 2a and R 2a' All are hydrogen, fluorine, methyl, or ethyl; or R 2a and R 2a' Together with the carbon atoms to which they are attached, they form cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, or cyclopentyl groups; R 2b It is chlorine, bromine, iodine, difluoromethyl, trifluoromethyl, 2,2-difluoroethyl, 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl, trifluoromethylsulfonyl, or cyclopropyl; R 3 It is methyl or trifluoromethyl; Q is Q a , where R 5 It is hydrogen, bromine, iodine, methoxy, 2-methoxyethoxy, for example, Q. a It is Q a -1、Q a -6、Q a -7、Q a -10 or Q a -15; R 4 It is Q c -1、Q c -2、Q c -3、Q c -4、Q c -5, Q c -6、Q c -7、Q c -8 or Q c-9, for example, R 4 It is pyrazin-2-yl, pyrimidin-2-yl, 1-methyl-6-oxo-pyridazin-3-yl, 6-methoxypyridazin-3-yl, 5-cyano-2-pyridinyl, 6-carbamoylpyrimidin-4-yl, 6-(methylcarbamoyl)pyrimidin-4-yl, 6-(methoxycarbonylamino)pyrimidin-4-yl, or 6-cyanopyrimidin-4-yl; wherein R 4b It is hydrogen, bromine, cyano, methyl, ethyl, methoxy, ethoxy, -C(O)NHR 11 -C(O)N(CH3)R 11 -NHC(O)R 10 -N(CH3)C(O)R 10 or-N(CH3)C(O)OR 10 ;R 10 It is hydrogen, methyl, ethyl, isopropyl, cyclopropyl, cyclopropylmethyl, cyanomethyl, 2-cyanoethyl, 2-cyanocyclopropyl, methoxymethyl, 2-methoxyethyl, or ethoxymethyl; and R 11 It is hydrogen, methyl, ethyl, cyanomethyl, 2-cyanoethyl, cyclopropyl, 1-cyanocyclopropyl, or methoxy; or R 4c It is methyl, ethyl, difluoromethyl, 2,2-difluoroethyl, 2,2,2-trifluoromethyl, allyl, propyneyl or cyclopropylmethyl.

[0076] This makes it possible to obtain a compound having (I), wherein A 1 It is CH or N, preferably A. 1 It is CH; X is O; R 1 It is hydrogen, C1-C6 alkyl, C1-C6 cyanoalkyl, C1-C3 alkoxy-C1-C6 alkyl, C2-C6 alkenyl, C2-C6 alkynyl, C3-C4 cycloalkyl-C1-C2 alkyl, or C1-C6 alkoxy carbonyl, for example, R 1 It is hydrogen, methyl, or cyclopropylmethyl; R 2a It is hydrogen, halogen, C1-C3 alkyl, or C3-C4 cycloalkyl; R 2a' It is hydrogen, halogen, or C1-C3 alkyl; R 2b It is a halogen, C1-C3 haloalkyl, C1-C3 haloalkoxy, C1-C3 alkylsulfonyl, C1-C3 haloalkylsulfonyl, C1-C5 cyanoalkyl, C3-C4 cycloalkyl, C1-C2 alkyl, or cyclopropyl, for example, R 2b It is chlorine, bromine, iodine, cyclopropyl, difluoromethyl, or trifluoromethyl; R 3 It is methyl or trifluoromethyl; Q is Q a And Q a It is Q a -1 or Q a -15; R 4It is Q c -1、Q c -2 or Q c -3, for example, R 4 It is pyrazin-2-yl, pyrimidin-2-yl, 1-methyl-6-oxo-pyridazin-3-yl, 6-methoxypyridazin-3-yl, 5-cyano-2-pyridinyl, 6-carbamoylpyrimidin-4-yl, 6-(methylcarbamoyl)pyrimidin-4-yl, 6-(methoxycarbonylamino)pyrimidin-4-yl, or 6-cyanopyrimidin-4-yl; wherein R 4b It is hydrogen, bromine, cyano, methyl, ethyl, methoxy, ethoxy, -C(O)NHR 11 -C(O)N(CH3)R 11 -NHC(O)R 10 -N(CH3)C(O)R 10 or-N(CH3)C(O)OR 10 ;R 10 It is hydrogen, methyl, ethyl, isopropyl, cyclopropyl, cyclopropylmethyl, cyanomethyl, 2-cyanoethyl, 2-cyanocyclopropyl, methoxymethyl, 2-methoxyethyl, or ethoxymethyl; and R 11 It is hydrogen, methyl, ethyl, cyanomethyl, 2-cyanoethyl, cyclopropyl, 1-cyanocyclopropyl, or methoxy.

[0077] For example, this makes it possible to obtain a compound having (I), where A 1 It is CH or N, preferably A. 1 It is CH; X is O; R 1 It is hydrogen, methyl, ethyl, or cyclopropyl-methyl, for example, R 1 It is hydrogen or methyl; R 2a and R 2a' All are hydrogen, fluorine, methyl, or ethyl; or R 2a and R 2a' Together with the carbon atoms to which they are attached, they form cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, or cyclopentyl groups; R 2b It is chlorine, bromine, iodine, difluoromethyl, or trifluoromethyl, 2,2-difluoroethyl, 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl, trifluoromethylsulfonyl, or cyclopropyl; R 3 It is methyl or trifluoromethyl; Q is Q b , where R 5a and R 5b It is independently hydrogen, halogen, C1-C3 alkyl, C1-C3 alkoxy, or C3-C4 cycloalkyl, such as R 5a and R 5b It is hydrogen; for example, Q. b It is Q b -1、Q b -3、Q b -5, Q b-10 or Q b -11; and R 4a It is Q c -1、Q c -2、Q c -3、Q c -4 or Q c -9; where R 4b It is hydrogen, cyano, methyl, ethyl, methoxy, ethoxy, -C(O)NHR 11 -C(O)N(CH3)R 11 -NHC(O)R 10 or -N(CH3)C(O)R 10 ;R 10 It is hydrogen, methyl, ethyl, isopropyl, cyclopropyl, cyclopropylmethyl, cyanomethyl, 2-cyanoethyl, 2-cyanocyclopropyl, methoxymethyl, 2-methoxyethyl, or ethoxymethyl; and R 11 It is hydrogen, methyl, ethyl, cyanomethyl, 2-cyanoethyl, cyclopropyl, 1-cyanocyclopropyl, or methoxy.

[0078] This makes it possible to obtain a compound having (I), wherein A 1 It is CH or N, preferably A. 1 It is CH; X is O; R 1 It is hydrogen, C1-C6 alkyl, C1-C6 cyanoalkyl, C1-C3 alkoxy-C1-C6 alkyl, C2-C6 alkenyl, C2-C6 alkynyl, C3-C4 cycloalkyl-C1-C2 alkyl, or C1-C6 alkoxy carbonyl, for example, R 1 It is hydrogen, methyl, or cyclopropylmethyl; R 2a It is hydrogen, halogen, C1-C3 alkyl, or C3-C4 cycloalkyl; R 2a' It is hydrogen, halogen, or C1-C3 alkyl; R 2b It is a halogen, C1-C3 haloalkyl, C1-C3 haloalkoxy, C1-C3 alkylsulfonyl, C1-C3 haloalkylsulfonyl, C1-C5 cyanoalkyl, C3-C4 cycloalkyl, C1-C2 alkyl, or cyclopropyl, for example, R 2b It is chlorine, bromine, iodine, cyclopropyl, difluoromethyl, or trifluoromethyl; R 3 It is methyl or trifluoromethyl; Q is Q b And Q b It is Q b -1; R 4a It is Q c -1、Q c -2 or Q c -3, for example, R 4a It is 5-cyano-2-pyridyl; wherein R 4bIt is hydrogen, cyano, methyl, ethyl, methoxy, ethoxy, -C(O)NHR 11 -C(O)N(CH3)R 11 -NHC(O)R 10 or -N(CH3)C(O)R 10 ;R 10 It is hydrogen, methyl, ethyl, isopropyl, cyclopropyl, cyclopropylmethyl, cyanomethyl, 2-cyanoethyl, 2-cyanocyclopropyl, methoxymethyl, 2-methoxyethyl, or ethoxymethyl; and R 11 It is hydrogen, methyl, ethyl, cyanomethyl, 2-cyanoethyl, cyclopropyl, 1-cyanocyclopropyl, or methoxy.

[0079] This makes it possible to obtain a compound having (I), wherein A 1 It is CH; X is O; R 1 It is hydrogen, methyl, ethyl, or cyclopropyl-methyl, for example, R 1 It is hydrogen; R 2a and R 2a' They are all fluorine, methyl, or ethyl, or they form cyclopropyl or cyclobutyl groups together with the attached carbon atom; R 2b It is chlorine or trifluoromethyl; R 3 It is methyl; Q is Q a -1 or Q b -1; R 4 It is pyrazin-2-yl, pyrimidin-2-yl, 1-methyl-6-oxo-pyridazin-3-yl, 6-methoxypyridazin-3-yl, 5-cyano-2-pyridinyl, 6-carbamoylpyrimidin-4-yl, 6-(methylcarbamoyl)pyrimidin-4-yl, 6-(methoxycarbonylamino)pyrimidin-4-yl, 6-cyanopyrimidin-4-yl, 5-bromopyrimidin-2-yl, 5-bromopyrazin-2-yl, 5-carbamoyl-thiazolyl-2-yl or 5-cyanothiazol-2-yl, or R 4a It is 5-cyano-2-pyridyl.

[0080] This makes it possible to obtain a compound having (I), wherein A 1 It is CH; X is O; R 1 It is hydrogen; R 2a With R 2a' Together with the carbon atoms to which they are attached, they form cyclopropyl or cyclobutyl groups; R 2b It is chlorine, cyclopropyl, or trifluoromethyl; R 3 It is methyl; Q a It is Q a -1 or Q a -15, for example, Q a It is Q a -1; R 4 It is Q c -1、Qc -2 or Q c -3; and R 4b It is hydrogen, bromine, cyano, methyl, methoxy, -C(O)NH2, -C(O)NHCH3 or -NHC(O)OCH3.

[0081] It also makes it possible to obtain compounds having (I), wherein A 1 It is CH; X is O; R 1 It is hydrogen; R 2a and R 2a' All are fluorine, methyl, or ethyl; R 2b It is chlorine or trifluoromethyl; R 3 It is methyl; Q b It is Q b -1、Q b -3、Q b -5, Q b -10 or Q b -11, for example, Q b It is Q b -1; R 4a It is Q c -1、Q c -2 or Q c -3; and R 4b It can be hydrogen, bromine, cyano, methyl, methoxy, -C(O)NH2, -C(O)NHCH3, -C(O)N(CH3)2, -C(O)NHCH2CN, -C(O)N(CH3)CH2CN or -NHC(O)OCH3.

[0082] It also makes it possible to obtain compounds having (I), wherein A 1 It is CH; X is O; R 1 It is hydrogen; R 2a With R 2a' Together with the carbon atoms to which they are attached, they form cyclopropyl or cyclobutyl groups; R 2b It is chlorine or trifluoromethyl; R 3 It is methyl; Q b It is Q b -1、Q b -3、Q b -5, Q b -10 or Q b -11, for example, Q b It is Q b -1; R 4a It is Q c -1、Q c -2 or Q c -3; and R 4bIt can be hydrogen, bromine, cyano, methyl, methoxy, -C(O)NH2, -C(O)NHCH3, -C(O)N(CH3)2, -C(O)NHCH2CN, -C(O)N(CH3)CH2CN or -NHC(O)OCH3.

[0083] It also makes it possible to obtain compounds having (I), wherein A 1 It is CH or N; X is an oxygen atom or a sulfur atom, for example, X is O; R 1 It is hydrogen; R 2a and R 2a' They are all fluorine, methyl, or ethyl, or they form cyclopropyl or cyclobutyl groups together with the attached carbon atom; R 2b It is chlorine or trifluoromethyl; R 3 It is methyl; Q is Q a -1、Q a -15 or Q b -1; R 4 It is pyrazin-2-yl, pyrimidin-2-yl, 5-cyano-2-pyridyl, 6-carbamoylpyrimidin-4-yl, 6-(methylcarbamoyl)pyrimidin-4-yl, 6-(methoxycarbonylamino)pyrimidin-4-yl, 6-cyanopyrimidin-4-yl, 5-carbamoyl-thiazolyl-2-yl, or 5-cyanothiazol-2-yl, for example, R 4 It is pyrazin-2-yl, pyrimidin-2-yl, 1-methyl-6-oxo-pyridazin-3-yl, 6-methoxypyridazin-3-yl, 5-cyano-2-pyridinyl, 6-carbamoylpyrimidin-4-yl, 6-(methylcarbamoyl)pyrimidin-4-yl, 6-(methoxycarbonylamino)pyrimidin-4-yl, or 6-cyanopyrimidin-4-yl; and R 4a It is 5-cyano-2-pyridyl.

[0084] It also makes it possible to obtain compounds having (I), wherein A 1 It is CH; X is an oxygen atom; R 1 It is hydrogen; R 2a and R 2a' They are all hydrogen, bromine, fluorine, methyl or ethyl, or R 2a and R 2a' Together with the carbon atoms to which they are attached, they form cyclopropyl or cyclobutyl groups; R 2b It is chlorine or trifluoromethyl; R 3 It is methyl; Q is Q a -1 or Q b -1; R 4It is 5-cyano-2-pyridinyl, pyrimidin-2-yl, 5-bromopyrimidin-2-yl, 6-cyanopyrimidin-4-yl, 6-carbamoylpyrimidin-4-yl, 6-(methylcarbamoyl)pyrimidin-4-yl, 6-(cyanomethylcarbamoyl)pyrimidin-4-yl, 6-(methoxycarbonylamino)pyrimidin-4-yl, pyrazin-2-yl, 5-bromopyrazin-2-yl, 6-methoxypyridazin-3-yl, 1-methyl-6-oxo-pyridazin-3-yl, 5-carbamoyl-thiazolyl-2-yl, or 5-cyanothiazolyl-2-yl; and R 4a It is 5-cyano-2-pyridyl.

[0085] It also makes it possible to obtain compounds having (I), wherein A 1 It is CH; X is an oxygen atom; R 1 It is hydrogen; R 2a and R 2a' All are hydrogen, bromine, fluorine, methyl, or ethyl; R 2b It is trifluoromethyl; R 3 It is methyl; Q is Q a -1; and R 4 It is pyrimidin-2-yl, 5-bromopyrimidin-2-yl, 6-cyanopyrimidin-4-yl, 6-carbamoylpyrimidin-4-yl, 6-(methylcarbamoyl)pyrimidin-4-yl, 6-(cyanomethylcarbamoyl)pyrimidin-4-yl or 6-(methoxycarbonylamino)pyrimidin-4-yl.

[0086] It also makes it possible to obtain compounds having (I), wherein A 1 It is CH; X is an oxygen atom; R 1 It is hydrogen; R 2a With R 2a' Together with the carbon atoms to which they are attached, they form cyclopropyl or cyclobutyl groups; R 2b It is trifluoromethyl; R 3 It is methyl; Q is Q a -1; and R 4 It is pyrimidin-2-yl, 5-bromopyrimidin-2-yl, 6-cyanopyrimidin-4-yl, 6-carbamoylpyrimidin-4-yl, 6-(methylcarbamoyl)pyrimidin-4-yl, 6-(cyanomethylcarbamoyl)pyrimidin-4-yl or 6-(methoxycarbonylamino)pyrimidin-4-yl.

[0087] It also makes it possible to obtain compounds having (I), wherein A 1 It is CH; X is an oxygen atom; R 1 It is hydrogen; R 2a With R 2a' Together with the carbon atoms to which they are attached, they form cyclopropyl or cyclobutyl groups; R 2b It is chlorine or trifluoromethyl; R 3It is methyl; Q is Q b -1; and R 4a It is 5-cyano-2-pyridyl. synthesis

[0088] Compounds having formula (I) can be prepared by those skilled in the art according to known methods. More specifically, compounds having formulas (I) and (I'a) and their intermediates can be prepared as described below in the schemes and examples. For clarity, certain stereocenters are not explicitly labeled. This is not intended to limit the teaching of these schemes in any way.

[0089] Compounds having formula (I) (where Q, R) 1 and R 3 (As defined for compounds having formula (I)) can be prepared, for example, as shown in Scheme 1. Option 1 Where T represents A 1 R 2a R 2a' R 2b X has the same meaning as given for compounds having formula (I), and the wavy line indicates the connection to the remainder of the compound to which T is attached (e.g., compounds having formulas (I), (Ia), (Ia-1), (Ib), (II), (IV), (IVa), (X), (XI) in schemes 1 to 6).

[0090] Compounds having formula (I) can be prepared, for example, by the following method: compounds having formula (II) (where X) 1 (where R is a hydroxyl or leaving group, such as a halogen or sulfonate, for example chlorine, and wherein T has the meaning given above) and a compound having formula (III) or a salt thereof (such as a hydrohalide salt, preferably a hydrochloride or hydrobromide, or a trifluoroacetate, or any other equivalent salt) (where R 1 R 3 The reaction with Q has the same meaning as given above for compounds having formula (I). In X 1In the case of a hydroxyl group, it may be advantageous to carry out the reaction in the presence of a dehydrating agent, such as a peptide coupling agent, for example, carbodiimide, HATU (1-[bis(dimethylamino)-methylene]-1H-1,2,3-triazolo[4,5-b]pyridinium 3-oxide hexafluorophosphate, also known as hexafluorophosphate azirmonatriazole tetramethylureonium) or propanephosphonic anhydride (T3P®). Such reactions can be carried out purely in a solvent, preferably in an organic solvent such as acetonitrile, tetrahydrofuran, 2-methyltetrahydrofuran, ethyl acetate, N,N-dimethylacetamide, or N,N-dimethylformamide, with or without a catalyst (e.g., an acylation catalyst, such as 4-dimethylaminopyridine (DMAP)), and with or without the addition of a base (e.g., an inorganic base (e.g., sodium carbonate, potassium carbonate, or cesium carbonate) or an organic base (e.g., triethylamine, diisopropylethylamine, or pyridine)).

[0091] Compounds having formula (II) are known, or they can be prepared by methods known to those skilled in the art. In particular, compounds having formula (II) (where X...) 1 The leaving group (such as a halogen, for example a chloride) can be formed by treating a compound having formula (II) (where X is a leaving group, such as a halogen, for example a chloride) with, for example, oxalyl chloride or thionyl chloride in the presence of a catalytic amount of N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF), in an inert solvent such as dichloromethane (DCM) or tetrahydrofuran (THF), at a temperature range of 0°C to 100°C, preferably about 25°C. 1 (It is a hydroxyl group). Such methods are known to those skilled in the art and are described, for example, in Tetrahedron [Tetrahedron] 2005, 61 (46), 10827-10852. Option 2

[0092] Compounds having formula (III) or their salts (Q, R) 1 and R 3 (Having the same meaning as given above for compounds having formula (I)) can be prepared, for example, as shown in Scheme 2. A compound having formula (V) (where R...) 3 Q and X have the same meaning as given above for compounds having formula (I), and X 2 (is a leaving group, such as a halogen or sulfonate, for example bromine) with an amine or its salt having the formula (XIX) (where R 1(Having the same meaning as given above for compounds having formula (I),) processing gives compounds having formula (III), where Q, R 1 and R 3 This has the same meaning as given above for compounds having formula (I). The reaction can be carried out purely, either in a solvent, preferably in an organic solvent such as acetonitrile, with or without the addition of a base (such as an inorganic base (e.g., potassium carbonate) or an organic base (e.g., triethylamine)).

[0093] Alternatively, compounds having formula (VII) (where R) can be used. 3 And Q has the same meaning as given above for compounds having formula (I)) with an amine or a salt thereof having formula (XIX) (where R 1 (Having the same meaning as given above for compounds having formula (I),) processing gives compounds having formula (III), where Q, R 1 and R 3 This has the same meaning as given above for compounds having formula (I). This reaction is carried out in the presence of a reducing agent (e.g., hydrogen, or a hydride such as sodium borohydride), with or without a catalyst (e.g., a hydrogenation catalyst, such as palladium on carbon), with or without an acid (e.g., acetic acid, or Lewis acids such as zinc bromide or titanium isopropoxide (IV)), in a solvent such as methanol, or in the absence of a solvent. The reaction can be carried out in a temperature range of -100°C to +300°C, preferably between ambient temperature and 200°C. Such methods for the alkylation and reductive alkylation of amines, and the range of conditions under which these methods are performed (e.g., in the presence of NaBH(OAc)3 or NaBH3CN, in a suitable solvent, preferably acetic acid, at room temperature, similar to WO 2002 / 088073; or alternatively, by using a combination of Ti(i-OiPr)4 and NaBH4, as described in Synthesis 2003 (14), 2206) are well known to those skilled in the art. Amines having the formula (XIX) or salts thereof (where R...) 1 (Those having the same meaning as given above for compounds having formula (I)) are known or can be prepared by methods known to those skilled in the art. Option 3

[0094] Alternatively, compounds having formula (I) can be prepared, for example, by: compounds having formula (IV) (where T has the same meaning as given above in Scheme 1, and R...). 1 (having the same meaning as given above for compounds having formula (I)) and compounds having formula (V) (where R) 3 Q has the same meaning as given above for compounds having formula (I), and X 2 This is a reaction involving the removal of a leaving group, such as a halogen or a sulfonate, for example, chlorine or bromine. The reaction can be carried out purely, either in a solvent, preferably an organic solvent such as acetonitrile, with or without the addition of a base (such as an inorganic base (e.g., potassium carbonate) or an organic base (e.g., triethylamine)). Such methods for the alkylation of amines, and the range of conditions under which they are carried out, are well known to those skilled in the art.

[0095] Alternatively, compounds having formula (I) can be prepared by: compounds having formula (IVa) (where T has the same meaning as given above in Scheme 1) and compounds having formula (VII) (where R 3 The reaction (and Q) has the same meaning as given above for compounds having formula (I). This reaction is carried out in the presence of a reducing agent (e.g., hydrogen or a hydride such as sodium borohydride), with or without a catalyst (e.g., a hydrogenation catalyst such as palladium on carbon), with or without an acid (e.g., acetic acid or a Lewis acid such as zinc bromide), in a solvent (e.g., like methanol), or in the absence of a solvent. The reaction can be carried out in a temperature range of -100°C to +300°C, preferably between ambient temperature and 200°C. Such methods for the reductive alkylation of amines, and the range of conditions under which they are carried out, are well known to those skilled in the art. Option 4

[0096] Compounds having formula (V) (where R) 3 Q and X have the same meaning as given above for compounds having formula (I), and X 2 (The leaving group, such as a halogen or sulfonate, such as chlorine or bromine) can be prepared, for example, as shown in Scheme 4. A compound having formula (VIII) (where R...) 3 (And Q have the same meaning as given above for compounds having formula (I)) Treatment with a halogenating agent such as chlorine, bromine, N-chlorosuccinimide or N-bromosuccinimide, for example, gives a compound having formula (V), wherein the leaving group X 2The halogen is, for example, chlorine or bromine. The reaction is carried out with or without a solvent, preferably in a solvent, with or without additives (such as free radical initiators, like benzoyl peroxide or azoisobutyronitrile). The reaction can be carried out with or without exposure to visible or UV light, and the reaction can be carried out in a temperature range of -100°C to +300°C, preferably between ambient temperature and 200°C.

[0097] Alternatively, compounds having formula (VII) can be treated with a reducing agent (where R... 3 Q has the same meaning as given above for compounds having formula (I), and then reacts with sulfonyl chloride (e.g., methanesulfonyl chloride) to give a compound having formula (V), wherein the leaving group X 2 It is a sulfonate, such as a methanesulfonate. The reaction can be carried out in a solvent or in the absence of a solvent, in the presence of a base (such as an inorganic base such as potassium carbonate, or an organic base such as an amine base such as trimethylamine) or in the absence of a base, and it can be carried out in a temperature range of -100°C to +300°C, preferably between ambient temperature and 200°C. Suitable reducing agents can be, for example, hydrogen, or hydrides (such as sodium borohydride), with or without a catalyst (such as a hydrogenation catalyst such as palladium on carbon), with or without an acid (such as acetic acid or Lewis acid such as zinc bromide), in a solvent (such as methanol) or in the absence of a solvent. The reaction can be carried out in a temperature range of -100°C to +300°C, preferably between ambient temperature and 200°C. Methods for the reduction of such halogenated and carbonyl compounds and the range of conditions under which they are carried out are well known to those skilled in the art. Compounds having formula (VII) and compounds having formula (VIII) (wherein R 3 (and Q have the same meaning as given above for compounds having formula (I)) are known or can be prepared by methods known to those skilled in the art. Option 5

[0098] Alternatively, compounds having formula (Ia-1) (where T has the same meaning as given above in Scheme 1, and R) 1 R 3 And Q have the same meaning as given above for compounds having formula (I), except R 1 (Not hydrogen) can be prepared, for example, as shown in Scheme 5. Compounds having formula (Ia) (where T has the same meaning as given above in Scheme 1, and R...) 3And Q has the same meaning as given above for compounds having formula (I)) and can be used with compounds having formula (VI) (where R) 1 It has the same meaning as given above for compounds having formula (I), except R 1 It is not hydrogen, and X is present in it. 30 The reaction is a leaving group, such as a halogen or sulfonate, such as chlorine, bromine, iodine or methanesulfonate, to give a compound having formula (Ia-1). This reaction can be carried out purely, either in a solvent, preferably in a solvent such as an organic solvent, with or without the addition of a base (such as an inorganic base (e.g. sodium carbonate, potassium carbonate or cesium carbonate) or an organic base (e.g., triethylamine, diisopropylethylamine or pyridine)), or in a solvent, preferably an organic solvent such as acetonitrile, N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) or N,N-dimethylacetamide (DMA) or mixtures thereof. Such methods for the alkylation of amines and the range of conditions under which they are carried out are well known to those skilled in the art and are described, for example, in WO 2021 / 083936. A compound having formula (VI) (wherein R...) 1 It has the same meaning as given above for compounds having formula (I), except R 1 It is not hydrogen, and X is present in it. 30 The leaving group (such as a halogen or sulfonate group, for example, chloride, bromide, iodide or methanesulfonate) is known, or they can be prepared by methods known to those skilled in the art. Option 6

[0099] Compounds having formula (Ib) (where T has the same meaning as given in Scheme 1 above, and R) 3 R 4 and R 5 (having the same meaning as given above for compounds having formula (I)) can be prepared, for example, as shown in Scheme 6. Compounds having formula (II) (where T has the same meaning as given above in Scheme 1 and where X...) 1 (is a hydroxyl or leaving group, such as a halogen or sulfonate, for example chlorine) and a compound having formula (IX) or a salt thereof (where R) 3 The reaction, having the same meaning as given above for compounds having formula (I), gives a compound having formula (X) (where T has the same meaning as given above in scheme 1, and where R...). 3 (Has the same meaning as given above for compounds having formula (I). In X 1In the case of a hydroxyl group, it may be advantageous to carry out the reaction in the presence of a dehydrating agent, such as a peptide coupling agent, for example, carbodiimide, HATU (1-[bis(dimethylamino)-methylene]-1H-1,2,3-triazolo[4,5-b]pyridinium 3-oxide hexafluorophosphate, also known as hexafluorophosphate azirmonatriazole tetramethylureonium) or propanephosphonic anhydride (T3P®). The reaction can be carried out purely in a solvent, preferably in an organic solvent such as acetonitrile, tetrahydrofuran, 2-methyltetrahydrofuran, ethyl acetate, N,N-dimethylacetamide, or N,N-dimethylformamide, with or without a catalyst (e.g., an acylation catalyst, such as 4-dimethylaminopyridine (DMAP)) and with or without the addition of a base (e.g., an inorganic base (e.g., sodium carbonate, potassium carbonate, or cesium carbonate) or an organic base (e.g., triethylamine, diisopropylethylamine, or pyridine)).

[0100] The compound having formula (X) (where T has the same meaning as given above in Scheme 1, and where R) 3 Having the same meaning as given above for compounds having formula (I)) with the known compound (XIII) (where R) 5 Subsequent processing of (e.g., XIII is N,N-dimethylformamide dimethyl acetal, also known as DMF-DMA) yields a compound having formula (XI) (where T has the same meaning as given above in Scheme 1, R...). 3 It has the same meaning as given above for compounds having formula (I), and where R 5 It is hydrogen, C1-C3 alkyl, or C3-C4 cycloalkyl. The reaction can be carried out at -100°C to +300°C, preferably between ambient temperature and 100°C, or in the temperature range between ambient temperature and 50°C, in the absence of a base or in the presence of a base (such as an inorganic base (e.g., sodium carbonate, potassium carbonate, or cesium carbonate) or an organic base (e.g., triethylamine, diisopropylethylamine, or pyridine)), either purely or in a solvent, preferably in an organic solvent (e.g., dichloromethane, tetrahydrofuran, 2-methyltetrahydrofuran, or dioxane).

[0101] Compounds having formula (XI) (where T has the same meaning as given in Scheme 1 above, R 3 It has the same meaning as given above for compounds having formula (I), and where R 5 (is hydrogen, C1-C3 alkyl or C3-C4 cycloalkyl) and hydrazine compounds having formula (XII) or their tautomers or salts thereof (where R is ...4 (having the same meaning as given above for compounds having formula (I)) A further reaction gives a compound having formula (Ib) (where T has the same meaning as given above in scheme 1, R) 3 and R 4 It has the same meaning as given above for compounds having formula (I), and where R 5 (It is hydrogen, C1-C3 alkyl, or C3-C4 cycloalkyl). The reaction can be carried out purely at temperatures between -100°C and +300°C, preferably between ambient temperature and 200°C, or between ambient temperature and 80°C, or in a solvent, preferably an organic solvent such as 1,4-dioxane or acetic acid, or a mixture of 1,4-dioxane and acetic acid. Within this conversion sequence, intermediate compounds having formulas (X) and (XI) can be used as crude products in subsequent steps, or they can be purified, for example by chromatography, and used in purified form for the next conversion.

[0102] Compounds having formula (IX) or salts thereof (where R) 3 (Having the same meaning as given above for compounds having formula (I)) are known or can be prepared by methods known to those skilled in the art. Hydrazine compounds having formula (XII) or their tautomers or salts thereof (where R...) 4 (Those having the same meaning as given above for compounds having formula (I)) are known or can be prepared by methods known to those skilled in the art.

[0103] Compounds having formula (Ik) It can be prepared by: amines having formula (IIIf) or salts thereof. (where R) 1 R 3 R 4 and R 5 (as described in formula (I)) and compounds having formula (IIa) (where A) 1 R 2a R 2a’ and R 2b It is as described in equation (I) and X 1 (A hydroxyl or leaving group, such as a halogen or sulfonate, for example chlorine) reacts under the conditions already described in Scheme 1. Option 7

[0104] Compounds having formula (Ic) can be prepared, for example, as shown in Scheme 7. Compounds having formula (XVII) (where X...) 05 The leaving group (e.g., chlorine, bromine, iodine, aryl sulfonate, alkyl sulfonate, or trifluoromethanesulfonate) reacts with an amine having formula (XIX) or a salt thereof to give a compound having formula (XVI) or a salt thereof. The reaction is carried out in the presence of a reducing agent (e.g., hydrogen or a hydride such as sodium borohydride), with or without a catalyst (e.g., a hydrogenation catalyst such as palladium on carbon), with or without an acid (e.g., acetic acid or a Lewis acid such as zinc bromide), in a solvent (e.g., like methanol), or in the absence of a solvent. The reaction can be carried out in a temperature range of -100°C to +300°C, preferably between ambient temperature and 200°C. Such methods for the reductive alkylation of amines and the range of conditions under which these methods are carried out are well known to those skilled in the art.

[0105] An intermediate having formula (XVI) or a salt thereof subsequently reacts with a compound having formula (IIa) to give a compound having formula (XIV). This reaction can be carried out purely, either in a solvent, preferably in an organic solvent such as acetonitrile, with or without a catalyst (e.g., a metal catalyst, such as a palladium complex) and with or without the addition of a base (e.g., an inorganic base such as potassium carbonate) or an organic base such as triethylamine) or in a solvent such as acetonitrile, preferably in an organic solvent such as acetonitrile.

[0106] Subsequently, the intermediate having formula (XIV) reacts with a compound having formula (XV) to give a compound having formula (Ic), wherein A 1 R 2a R 2a’ R 2b R 1 R 3 and R 4a It has the same meaning as given above for compounds having formula (I), and R 4a In -M1, M1 is a metal such as lithium, or -MgCl, -ZnBr, or -B(OH)2; or R 4a -M1 indicates a borate ester, such as pinacol ester of borate, or tinane such as R 4a-Sn(n-Bu)3. Such transformations are known to those skilled in the art, and are respectively Suzuki-, Kumada-, Negishi-, or Stille- coupling reactions. These reactions are carried out in the temperature range of -100°C to +300°C, preferably between ambient temperature and 200°C, in the presence of a catalyst (such as a metal catalyst, e.g., palladium catalyst) and a ligand (e.g., phosphine ligands, N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) ligands, or phosphite ligands). The reaction can be carried out with or without an additional metal catalyst, such as a copper salt (e.g., CuI). The reaction is carried out with or without a base, which can be an inorganic base, such as potassium carbonate or sodium hydroxide, or cesium carbonate, or an organic base, such as an amine base, e.g., triethylamine. The reaction is carried out with or without a solvent, preferably in a solvent. In the case of heating the reaction mixture, the reaction can be carried out under microwave radiation or with conventional heating, such as heating the reaction vessel in an oil bath.

[0107] Alternatively, compound (XVII) can be reacted with a compound having formula (XV) to give intermediate (XVIII). This reaction is carried out under essentially the same conditions as described for the conversion of intermediate (XIV) into a compound having formula (Ic).

[0108] Subsequently, the intermediate (XVIII) reacts with a compound having formula (IVb) to give a compound having formula (Ic), wherein R 1 It is hydrogen and A 1 R 2a R 2a’ R 2b R 3 and R 4a This has the same meaning as given above for compounds having formula (I). The reaction, in the presence of a reducing agent, proceeds essentially under the same conditions as those described above for converting compound (XVII) into intermediate (XVI).

[0109] Another alternative route is to react the intermediate compound having formula (XVIII) with an amine having formula (XIX) or a salt thereof to give an intermediate having formula (IIIa) or a salt thereof. This reaction is carried out in the presence of a reducing agent under essentially the same conditions as those described above for converting compound (XVII) into intermediate (XVI).

[0110] Subsequently, an intermediate having formula (IIIa) or a salt thereof reacts with a compound having formula (IIa) to give a compound having formula (Ic), wherein A 1 R2a R 2a’ R 2b R 1 R 3 and R 4a It has the same meaning as given above for compounds having formula (I). The reaction is carried out under essentially the same conditions as those described above for converting intermediate (XVI) to intermediate (XIV).

[0111] In these different multi-step sequences, intermediate compounds having formulas (XIV), (XVI), (XVIII), and (IIIa) can be used as crude products of the corresponding subsequent steps, or they can be purified, for example by chromatography, and used in purified form for the next transformation. Compounds having formula (XVII) are known, or can be prepared by methods known to those skilled in the art.

[0112] Compounds having formula (Id) It can be prepared by: an amine having formula (IIIb) or a salt thereof. (where R) 1 R 3 R 4a R 5a and R 5b (as described in formula (I)) and compounds having formula (IIa) (where A) 1 R 2a R 2a’ and R 2b It is as described in equation (I) and X 1 (A hydroxyl or leaving group, such as a halogen or sulfonate, for example chlorine) reacts under the conditions already described in Scheme 1.

[0113] The chemical process is described in more detail in Scheme 8. Option 8

[0114] Compounds having formula (IIa) (where X) 1 (A leaving group, such as a halogen or sulfonate, e.g., chlorine) reacts with a compound having formula (IIIb) or a salt thereof to give a compound having formula (Id), wherein A 1 R 2a R 2a’ R2b R 1 R 3 R 4a R 5a and R 5b This has the same meaning as given above for compounds having formula (I). The reaction can be carried out purely or in a solvent, preferably in an organic solvent such as acetonitrile, with or without a catalyst (e.g., a metal catalyst, such as a palladium complex) and with or without the addition of a base (e.g., an inorganic base (e.g., potassium carbonate) or an organic base (e.g., triethylamine)).

[0115] The formation of compounds having formula (IIIb) is outlined in Scheme 9. Option 9

[0116] Compounds having formula (IIIb) or salts thereof can be prepared, for example, in the presence of NaBH(OAc)3 or NaBH3CN, in a suitable solvent, preferably acetic acid, at room temperature, similar to WO 2002 / 088073, page 35, using compounds having formula (XX) (wherein R... 1a (e.g., H, methyl, or cyclopropyl) treats compounds having formula (IIIc) or their salts (where R) 3 R 4a R 5a and R 5b (As described in formula (I)). Alternatively, another reagent system for reductive amination uses a combination of Ti(i-OiPr)4 and NaBH4 (see Synthesis 2003 (14), 2206).

[0117] Amines having formula (IIIc) or their salts can be obtained by biocatalytic deracetamping of amines having formula (IIId) or their salts. This can be achieved, for example, using lipases that are ultimately immobilized (e.g., Novozym® 435), such as Candida antarcticis lipase B or Pseudomonas fluorescens lipase, in the presence of an acyl donor (e.g., ethyl methoxyethyl acetate or vinyl acetate), in a suitable solvent (e.g., acetonitrile or methyl tert-butyl ether), at a temperature between 20°C and 100°C. Such methods are described, for example, in J. Org. Chem. 2007, 72, 6918-6923 or Adv. Synth. Catal. 2007, 349, 1481-1488. The expected stereochemical result of this enzyme deracemification is known to those skilled in the art and documented in the literature, for example, J. Org. Chem. 1991, 56, 2656-2665 or J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2015, 137, 3996−4009.

[0118] In alternative methods, compounds having formula (IIIc) or salts thereof (e.g., hydrohalide salts, preferably hydrochlorides or hydrobromates, or trifluoroacetates, or any other equivalent salts) can be produced by compounds having formula (XXII) (where R 3 R 4a R 5a and R 5b It is obtained by following the synthesis described in Scheme 10, as described in formula (I). Option 10

[0119] Amines having formula (IIIc) or their salts can be derived from intermediates having formula (XXII) (where R... 3 R 4a R 5a and R 5bZ3 is as described in formula (I) and is -NPhth (N-phthalimide group) or -NBoc2 (N-bis(tert-butoxycarbonyl) group). It is typically obtained by treatment with hydrazine (preferably hydrazine hydrate or hydrazine monohydrate) in an alcohol solvent (such as ethanol or isopropanol) (Z3 is -NPhth) or with an acid (such as trifluoroacetic acid or hydrochloric acid) in a suitable solvent (such as dichloromethane, tetrahydrofuran, or dioxane) under deprotection conditions known to those skilled in the art and described in the literature, such as those described in the following literature: Protective Groups in Organic Synthesis, 3rd Edition, Theodora W. Green (The Rowland Institute for Science) and Peter GM Wuts (Pharmacia and Upjohn Company), John Wiley & Sons, Inc., NY 1999, ISBN 0-471-16019-9.

[0120] This type of intermediate has the formula (XXII) (where R) 3 R 4a R 5a and R 5b As described in formula (I) and Z3 is -NPhth (N-phthalimide group) or -NBoc2 (N-bis(tert-butoxycarbonyl) group) can be produced from an alcohol having formula (XXI) (where R 3 R 4a R 5a and R 5b As described in formula (I), it is obtained by photocontraction (which involves treating an alcohol having formula (XXI) with an azodicarbonate ester (e.g., diethyl azodicarbonate or diisopropyl azodicarbonate) in the presence of a phosphine (e.g., triphenylphosphine or tributylphosphine) and an amine (e.g., phthalimide (HNPhth) or bis(tert-butoxycarbonyl)amine (HNBoc2)). Photocontraction is carried out by methods known to those skilled in the art for inverting stereocenters, as described, for example, in Chem. Rev. [Chemical Review] 2009, 109, 2551-2651.

[0121] Alternatively, amines having formula (IIIc) can be reduced to azides having formula (XXIII) by treatment with triphenylphosphine and water (Staudinger reaction) or, for example, by hydrogenation using a palladium catalyst in the presence of hydrogen (where R...). 3 R 4a R 5a and R 5b It is obtained as described in formula (I). Azides having formula (XXIII) can be obtained by treating an alcohol having formula (XXI) (where R) in the presence of a base (such as DBU) with an azidizing agent (such as diphenylphosphohydrazine) in a solvent (such as toluene or THF). 3 R 4a R 5a and R 5b (As described in formula (I)). Such methods are known to those skilled in the art for performing the inversion of stereocenters and are described in the literature, for example, Adv. Synth. Catal. [Advanced Synthesis and Catalysis] 2018, 360, 2157–2165.

[0122] An alcohol having formula (XXI) can be passed through a ketone having formula (XXIV) (where R... 3 R 4a R 5a and R 5b This is obtained by enantioselective reduction (as described in formula (I)). Such reductions can be carried out in the presence of a hydrogen donor system (e.g., HCOOH / Et3N or HCO2NH4) using a catalyst (e.g., ruthenium or rhodium catalysts with chiral ligands such as RuCl[(R,R)-TsDPEN] (mesitylene) or RuBF4[(R,R)-TsDPEN] (p-cymene)). Such methods are described in the literature, for example in J. Org. Chem. [Journal of Organic Chemistry] 2017, 82, 5607.

[0123] Alternatively, compounds having formula (IIIc) can also be prepared as outlined in scheme 11. Option 11

[0124] An amine having formula (IIIc) or a salt thereof (such as a hydrohalide salt, preferably a hydrochloride or hydrobromide salt, or a trifluoroacetate salt, or any other equivalent salt) can be obtained by adding an amine having formula (XXV) (where R 3 R 4a R 5a and R 5bIt is prepared, for example, by using an acid (such as trifluoroacetic acid or hydrochloric acid) and optionally by protecting it in the presence of a suitable solvent (such as dichloromethane, tetrahydrofuran or dioxane).

[0125] An amine having formula (XXV) can be reacted with a diketone having formula (XXVI) (where R... 3 and R 4a It is a diamine having formula (XLVII) condensed on (as described in formula (I)) (where R) 5a and R 5b This is obtained as described in formula (I). This condensation can occur in the presence of a suitable solvent (such as ethanol or isopropanol) or an oxidizing agent (such as air or DDQ).

[0126] Diketones having formula (XXVI) can be oxidized by oxidation of hydroxyketones having formula (XXVII) (where R... 3 and R 4a The oxidation is as described in formula (I). This oxidation can involve, for example, SO3-pyridine in the presence of a solvent (such as dichloromethane or dimethyl sulfoxide DMSO, or mixtures thereof) and a base (such as triethylamine), or alternatively, sodium hypochlorite in the presence of a catalyst (such as TEMPO / Bu4NHSO4). Examples of such oxidations can be found in the literature, for example in Synlett [Synthetic Letters], 2014, 25, 596 or J. Am. Chem. Soc. [Journal of the American Chemical Society] 1990, 112, 5290-5313.

[0127] Hydroxyketones having formula (XXVII) can be derived from aldehydes having formula (XXIX) (where R... 4a (as described in formula (I)) and an aldehyde having formula (XXVIII) (where R) 3 It is synthesized by cross-benzoin condensation between (as described in formula (I)).

[0128] Aldehydes of formula (XXVIII) are commercially available in chiral form, such as Boc-L-propanal (CAS 79069-50-4) or N-[(1S)-1-(cyclopropylmethyl)-2-oxo-ethyl]carbamate tert-butyl ester (CAS 881902-36-9). Cross-benzoin condensation is typically carried out in the presence of a base (such as potassium tert-butoxide or N,N-isopropylethylamine) in a suitable solvent (such as DCM or THF) at a temperature between -20°C and the boiling point of the solvent, using an organic catalyst (such as a triazolium or thiazolylium salt). Examples of catalysts used for such conversions have been described in the literature, for example in J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2014, 136, 7539-7542 or Org. Lett. 2016, 18, 4518-4521. Option 12

[0129] As shown in Scheme 12, compounds having formula (Id) can alternatively be prepared by: making a compound having formula (XXX) (where A) 1 R 2a R 2a’ R 2b R 1 R 3 R 5a and R 5b It is defined in equation (I), and X 07 It is a leaving group, such as chlorine, bromine, iodine) and a compound having the formula (XXXI) (Stiller reaction; R in XXXI) 4a (as defined in Formula I) or compounds having Formula (XXXII) (Suzuki-Miyaura reaction; R in XXXII) 4a It is as defined in formula (I), and W is a boric acid B(OH)2 group or the corresponding boric acid ester (such as the pinacol ester of the boric acid) reacted in the presence of a palladium catalyst, as described in detail in scheme 7.

[0130] Compounds having formula (XXX) can be produced by amines having formula (XXXIII) and compounds having formula (IIa) (where A... 1 R 2a R 2a’ R 2b and X 1 (As described in Scheme 1) The coupling preparation is carried out under the conditions described in detail in Scheme 1. Under the same conditions, if R 1= H, then a compound having formula (XXX) can be directly obtained from a compound having formula (XXXIV).

[0131] Compounds having formula (XXXIII) can be prepared, for example, in the presence of NaBH(OAc)3 or NaBH3CN, in a suitable solvent, preferably acetic acid, at room temperature, similar to WO 2002 / 088073, page 35, using compounds having formula (XX) (where R... 1a Compounds having the formula (XXXIV) are treated with, for example, H, methyl, or cyclopropyl. Alternatively, another reagent system for reductive amination uses a combination of Ti(i-OiPr)4 and NaBH4 (see Synthesis 2003 (14), 2206).

[0132] Amines having formula (XXXIV) can be prepared by a deracemification procedure involving, for example, the selective acylation of an enantiomer. Such examples are described in more detail in Scheme 13. Option 13

[0133] Amines having formula (XXXIV) can be racemiced via biocatalysis to form amines having formula (XXXIVa) (where R... 3 R 5a and R 5b It is as described in equation (I) and X 07 This is obtained by removing a leaving group such as bromine, chlorine, or iodine. This can be achieved, for example, using lipases that are ultimately immobilized (e.g., Novozym® 435), such as Candida antarcticis lipase B or Pseudomonas fluorescens lipase, in the presence of an acyl donor (e.g., ethyl methoxyethyl acetate or vinyl acetate), in a suitable solvent (e.g., acetonitrile or methyl tert-butyl ether), at temperatures between 20°C and 100°C. Such methods are described, for example, in J. Org. Chem. 2007, 72, 6918-6923 or Adv. Synth. Catal. 2007, 349, 1481-1488. The expected stereochemical result of this enzyme deracemification is known to those skilled in the art and documented in the literature, for example, J. Org. Chem. 1991, 56, 2656-2665 or J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2015, 137, 3996−4009.

[0134] Alternatively, the resolution of an amine having formula (XXXIVa) to give an amine having formula (XXXIV) can be achieved using a chiral auxiliary agent, as described in Scheme 14. Option 14

[0135] Amines having formula (XXXIV) can be obtained from intermediates having formula (XXXVII) by treatment with an acid (such as HCl) or a base (such as NaOH) (where R... 3 R 5a and R 5b For example, in a compound having formula (I), X 07 It is a leaving group such as bromine, chlorine, or iodine, and X 12 The intermediate is prepared by coupling a chiral auxiliary having formula (XXXVI) with an amine having formula (XXXIVa), for example, mandelic acid or (1R)-methylchloroformate. An intermediate having formula (XXXVII) can be formed by coupling a chiral auxiliary having formula (XXXVI) (where X0 is a leaving group, such as chlorine) with an amine having formula (XXXIVa) under the conditions detailed in Scheme 1. Examples of such deracemification methods are reported in the literature, for example, J. Org. Chem. 2007, 72, 485-493.

[0136] Alternatively, an amine having formula (XXXIV) or a salt thereof (such as a hydrohalide salt, preferably a hydrochloride or hydrobromide, or a trifluoroacetate, or any other equivalent salt) may be formed as described in Scheme 15. Option 15

[0137] Amines having formula (XXXIV) or their salts can be derived from intermediates having formula (XXIIa) (where R 3 R 5a and R 5b As described in equation (I), X 07Z3 is a leaving group, such as a halogen or sulfonate, for example bromine, and Z3 is -NPhth (N-phthalimide group) or -NBoc2 (N-bis(tert-butoxycarbonyl) group). It is typically obtained by treatment with hydrazine (preferably hydrazine hydrate or hydrazine monohydrate) in an alcohol solvent (such as ethanol or isopropanol) (Z3 is -NPhth) or with an acid (such as trifluoroacetic acid or hydrochloric acid) in the presence of a suitable solvent (such as dichloromethane, tetrahydrofuran, or dioxane) under deprotection conditions known to those skilled in the art and described in the literature, such as those described in the following literature: Protective Groups in Organic Synthesis, 3rd Edition, Theodora W. Green (The Rowland Institute for Science) and Peter GM Wuts (Pharmacia and Upjohn Company), John Wiley & Sons, Inc. New York, New York 1999, ISBN 0-471-16019-9.

[0138] This type of intermediate has the formula (XXIIa) (where R) 3 R 5a and R 5b As described in equation (I), X 07 It is a leaving group, such as a halogen or sulfonate, for example bromine, and Z3 is -NPhth (N-phthalimide group) or -NBoc2 (N-bis(tert-butoxycarbonyl) group) which can be produced by an alcohol having the formula (XXIa) (where R 3 R 5a and R 5b It is as described in equation (I) and X 07 The leaving group is obtained by photocontraction (which involves treating an alcohol having the formula (XXIa) with an azodicarbonate ester (e.g., diethyl azodicarbonate or diisopropyl azodicarbonate) in the presence of a phosphine (e.g., triphenylphosphine or tributylphosphine) and an amine (e.g., phthalimide (HNPhth) or bis(tert-butoxycarbonyl)amine (HNBoc2)). Photocontraction is carried out by methods known to those skilled in the art for inverting stereocenters, as described, for example, in Chem. Rev. [Chemical Review] 2009, 109, 2551-2651.

[0139] Alternatively, amines having formula (XXXIV) can be reduced to azides having formula (XXIIIa) by treatment with triphenylphosphine and water (Staudinger reaction) or by hydrogenation, for example, using a palladium catalyst in the presence of hydrogen (where R...). 3 R 5a and R 5b It is as described in equation (I) and X 07 (The leaving group, such as a halogen or sulfonate, e.g., bromine), is required. Azides having formula (XXIIIa) can be obtained by treating alcohols having formula (XXIa) in a solvent (such as toluene or THF) in the presence of a base (such as DBU) with an azidizing agent (such as diphenylphosphoazide). Such methods are known to those skilled in the art for inverting stereocenters and are described in the literature, e.g., Adv. Synth. Catal. 2018, 360, 2157–2165.

[0140] Alcohols having formula (XXIa) can be converted into ketones having formula (XXIVa) (where R... 3 R 5a and R 5b It is as described in equation (I) and X 07 It is obtained by enantioselective reduction of leaving groups, such as halogens or sulfonates, such as bromine. Such reductions can be carried out in the presence of hydrogen donor systems, such as HCOOH / Et3N or HCO2NH4, using catalysts (such as ruthenium or rhodium catalysts with chiral ligands, such as RuCl[(R,R)-TsDPEN] (mesitylene) or RuBF4[(R,R)-TsDPEN] (p-cymene)). Such methods are described in the literature, for example in J. Org. Chem. 2017, 82, 5607. Option 16

[0141] As shown in Scheme 16, compounds having formula (IIa-1) (a subset of compounds having formula (II), where A) 1 R 2a R 2a’ and R 2b It is as described in equation (I) and X 1 (A is a hydroxyl group) can be obtained from compounds having formula (IIb) (where A is a hydroxyl group) 1 R 2a R 2a’ and R 2bIt is prepared by saponification of a compound having formula (IIb) as described in formula (I), wherein Ra is a C1-C6 alkyl or benzyl group under conditions known to those skilled in the art, using, for example, conditions such as: aqueous sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide or lithium hydroxide in methanol, ethanol, tetrahydrofuran, 2-methyltetrahydrofuran or dioxane, at room temperature or up to reflux conditions; or alternatively, optionally, in the presence of a solvent (e.g. tetrahydrofuran, dioxane or dichloromethane), at a temperature range of 0°C and 150°C, by treating the compound having formula (IIb) with an acid (e.g., a hydrohalic acid (preferably hydrochloric acid or hydrobromic acid) or trifluoroacetic acid).

[0142] Compounds having formula (IIb) (where A) 1 R 2a R 2a’ and R 2b As described in formula (I), and wherein Ra is a C1-C6 alkyl or benzyl) can be prepared by: a compound having formula (XL) in the presence of an alcohol RaOH (wherein Ra is a C1-C6 alkyl or benzyl) (wherein A 1 R 2a R 2a’ and R 2b It is as described in equation (I), and where X 3 This is a carbonylation reaction on a halogen, preferably Br, Cl, or I (even more preferably Cl or Br). Typically, in such carbonylation reactions, a compound having formula (XL) reacts with carbon monoxide (CO, usually under pressure, for example in the range of 5 to 200 bar) in the presence of a metal catalyst such as a palladium catalyst (e.g., palladium(II) acetate or [1,1′-bis(diphenylphosphine)ferrocene]dichloropalladium(II) PdCl2(dppf)), optionally in the presence of a phosphine ligand, preferably in the presence of a base such as triethylamine, diisopropylethylamine, or pyridine, in an alcohol RaOH solvent (optionally in the presence of an inert organic co-solvent), and at a temperature in the range of 0°C to 250°C (preferably between room temperature and 200°C). Option 17

[0143] As shown in Scheme 17, a compound having formula (XL) (where A) 1 R 2a R 2a’ and R 2b It is as described in equation (I), and X 3 Halogens, preferably Br, Cl, or I (even more preferably Cl or Br), can be prepared by a halogenation reaction involving, for example, reacting a compound having the formula (XL-2) (wherein A)1 R 2a R 2a’ and R 2b The reaction is carried out as described in formula (I) with a halogenating agent (e.g., N-chlorosuccinimide (NCS), N-bromosuccinimide (NBS) or N-iodosuccinimide (NIS), 1,3-dichloro-5,5-dimethylhydantoin, 1,3-dibromo-5,5-dimethylhydantoin (DBDMH) or 1,3-diiodo-5,5-dimethylhydantoin, thioyl chloride or chlorine, bromine or iodine) optionally in the presence of a base (e.g., sodium carbonate, potassium carbonate or cesium carbonate) and optionally in the presence of a catalyst or additive. Such halogenation reactions are carried out in an inert solvent (e.g., chloroform, carbon tetrachloride, 1,2-dichloroethane, acetic acid, sulfuric acid, ether, N,N-dimethylformamide, N,N-dimethylacetamide, acetonitrile or an acetonitrile-water mixture) at a temperature between 20°C and 200°C, preferably between room temperature and 120°C.

[0144] Compounds having the formula (XL-2) (where R) 2a and R 2a’ They are independently selected from C1-C3 alkyl and C3-C4 cycloalkyl groups, and wherein A 1 and R 2b (As described in formula (I)) can be prepared by: making a compound having formula (XL-3) (wherein A) 1 and R 2b (as described in formula (I)) reacts with a base (preferably at least 2 equivalents, such as butyllithium, hexamethyldisilazane lithium, or diisopropylaminolithium) optionally in the presence of an additive such as lithium chloride, followed sequentially with a solution having formula R 2a -X 4 The compound (preferably about 1 equivalent) and having the formula R 2a’ -X 4 The compound (preferably about 1 equivalent) is treated, wherein R 2a and R 2a’ They are independently selected from C1-C3 alkyl and C3-C4 cycloalkyl groups, and X 4 It is a leaving group, such as chlorine, bromine, or iodine (preferably iodine or bromine), or aryl-, alkyl-, or haloalkyl sulfonates such as trifluoromethanesulfonates. The process is carried out in a suitable solvent (e.g., tetrahydrofuran or 2-methyltetrahydrofuran) at a temperature between -100°C and room temperature (preferably between -78°C and 0°C), similar to the conditions described, for example, in Nature Chemistry 2021, 13(6): 575-580.

[0145] In R 2a Equal to R 2a’In certain cases, by preferably adding about 2 equivalents of reagent R 2a -X 4 (R omitted) 2a’ -X 4 To adjust the above process, as detailed in Nature Chemistry 2021, 13(6): 575-580. Iodomethane, bromomethane, or dimethyl sulfate are substances with the formula R 2a -X 4 Typical representatives of reagents, among which R 2a It is a methyl group.

[0146] In R 2a and R 2a’ In certain cases where reagent R forms a C3-C6 cycloalkyl group together with the carbon to which they are attached, the reagent R in the above process... 2a -X 4 / R 2a’ -X 4 Having the formula X 4 -(CH2) n -X 4 The reagent compound is replaced (preferably at least 1 equivalent is added), where n is 2, 3, 4 or 5, and each X 4 The leaving groups are independent of each other, such as chlorine, bromine, or iodine (preferably iodine or bromine), or aryl-, alkyl-, or haloalkyl sulfonates such as trifluoromethanesulfonates, and the process is carried out under conditions similar to those described, for example, in J. Med. Chem. 2013, 56: 9275−9295 and J. Med. Chem. 2021, 64:3658−3676. 1,2-Dibromoethane, 1-bromo-2-chloroethane, or 1,2-dichloroethane is a substance having the formula X 4 -(CH2) n -X 4 A typical example of a reagent, where n is 2 and X 4 It is bromine or chlorine. Option 17a

[0147] Alternatively, as shown in scheme 17a, compounds having formula (XL-2) (where R) 2a and R 2a’ Together with the carbon atoms to which they are attached, they form cyclopropyl groups, and A in these groups... 1 and R 2b As described in formula (I), a compound having formula (XL-2a) can be prepared by: making a compound having formula (XL-3) (where A) 1and R 2b (as described in formula (I)) and a sulfonium salt (e.g., vinyl diphenyl sulfonate trifluoromethanesulfonate (SUL-1) according to RSC Adv. 2017, 7: 3741–3745), or a haloethyl sulfonium salt having formula (SUL-2) (where TfO - It is trifluoromethanesulfonate and X 4a It is chlorine or bromine, preferably bromoethylsulfonium trifluoromethanesulfonate according to Tetrahedron 2018, 74: 6809-6814, or alternatively according to J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2021, 143: The vinylthiaanthracite tetrafluoroborate of 12992-12998 is reacted in the presence of a base (e.g., sodium hydride, triethylamine, diisopropylamine or preferably 1,8-diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene (DBU)), optionally in the presence of an additive (e.g., zinc trifluoromethanesulfonate (which may be replaced by magnesium trifluoromethanesulfonate, calcium trifluoromethanesulfonate, silver trifluoromethanesulfonate or copper trifluoromethanesulfonate) or copper chloride (II)), in a solvent (e.g., dichloromethane, tetrahydrofuran, N,N-dimethylformamide, N,N-dimethylacetamide or dimethyl sulfoxide), optionally in the presence of water, and in a temperature range of 0 to 150°C (preferably 0 to 100°C, e.g., about room temperature).

[0148] Alternatively, compounds having the formula (XL-2a) (where A) 1 and R 2b (As described in formula (I)) can be prepared by: making an indigo compound having formula (XL-4) (wherein A) 1 and R 2b The reaction is carried out with trimethyl sulfoxide onium iodide (TMSOI) in the presence of a base (e.g., sodium hydride) in a solvent (e.g., dimethyl sulfoxide) at a temperature between 0 and 50°C (preferably about room temperature) under conditions similar to those found in, for example, Org. Lett. [Organic Letters] 2018, 20:4540-4544.

[0149] Compounds having formula (XL-3) (where A) 1 and R 2b As described in formula (I), it can be prepared by the following (Scheme 17): making an indigo compound having formula (XL-4) (wherein A) 1 and R 2bThe reaction is carried out as described in formula (I) with hydrazine (preferably hydrazine hydrate) in a solvent (e.g., an alcohol (such as ethanol, isopropanol, or butanol) or a diol (such as ethylene glycol or diethylene glycol)) in the presence of a base (e.g., potassium hydroxide, potassium tert-butoxide, or triethylamine) at a temperature between 30 and 200°C (preferably 50°C to the boiling point of the reaction mixture). The deoxygenation reaction of the ketone functional group by the corresponding hydrazone (optionally separable) under basic conditions is the well-known Wolf-Kishner reduction, see, for example, Strategic Applications of Named Reactions in Organic Synthesis, Kürti, Laszlo; Czakó, Barbara; ed.; 2005, p. 496.

[0150] Alternatively, compounds having formula (XL) can be prepared from compounds having formula (XL-3), which involves the same chemical method described in schemes 17 and 17a above, but by changing the order of steps (i.e., by running the sequence (XL-3) to (XL-1) via a halogenation reaction, followed by a functionalization step (introducing R) 2a and R 2a’ (or its cyclic variants) to form (XL), where all substituent definitions remain valid.

[0151] Indigo compounds having the formula (XL-4) (where A) 1 and R 2b (as described in formula (I)) is known, commercially available, or can be prepared by methods known to those skilled in the art.

[0152] Having the formula R 2a -X 4 R 2a’ -X 4 X 4 -(CH2) n -X 4 The reagents (with substituents as defined above) and the sulfonium salts having formulas (SUL-1) and (SUL-2) are known, commercially available, or can be prepared by methods known to those skilled in the art.

[0153] The conversion from XL-3 to XL-2 in the above chemistry (Schemes 17 and 17a) can be carried out with some additional protection / deprotection steps as shown in Scheme 17b. Option 17b

[0154] The chemistry and conditions for converting a compound having formula (XL-3b) into a compound having formula (XL-2b) (Scheme 17b) are similar to those described above for converting a compound having formula (XL-3) into a compound having formula (XL-2) (Scheme 17) or a compound having formula (XL-3) into a compound having formula (XL-2a) (Scheme 17a), wherein substituent A 1 R 2a R 2a’ and R 2b The definition remains as described in scheme 17 / 17a, where PG is a protecting group, such as acetyl, tert-butoxycarbonyl (Boc), or p-methoxybenzyl. Protecting conditions (conversion of XL-3 to XL-3b) and deprotecting conditions (conversion of XL-2b to XL-2) are well known to those skilled in the art and are described in references such as: Protective Groups in Organic Synthesis, 3rd Edition, Theodora W. Green (The Rowland Institute for Science) and Peter GM Wuts (Pharmacia and Upjohn Company), John Wiley & Sons, Inc., NY 1999, ISBN 0-471-16019-9. For example, XL-3 can be acetyl-protected to produce XL-3b, where PG is an acetyl group (-C(O)CH3), by treating XL-3 with acetic anhydride, optionally in the presence of an inert solvent, at a temperature between room temperature and the boiling point of the reaction mixture. Deprotection of XL-2b (where PG is an acetyl group (-C(O)CH3)) can be achieved by treating, for example, an aqueous solution of hydrochloric acid, optionally in the presence of an inert solvent, at a temperature between room temperature and the boiling point of the reaction mixture. Such acetyl-protection / deprotection conditions can be found, for example, in J. Labelled Compounds Radiopharm. 1986, 23(4): 343-54 or WO 2011 / 161030. Option 18

[0155] Alternatively, as shown in Scheme 18, compounds having formula (XL) (where R) 2a and R 2a’ Both are fluorine, and A is one of them. 1 and R2b It is as described in equation (I), and where X 3 It is a halogen, preferably Br, Cl or I (even more preferably Cl or Br)) can be prepared by making an indigo compound having the formula (XL-5) (wherein A 1 and R 2b It is as described in equation (I), and where X 3 It is a halogen, preferably Br, Cl or I (even more preferably Cl or Br)) reacting with a fluorinating agent (e.g., trifluorodiethylaminosulfur (DAST) or trifluorobis(2-methoxyethyl)aminosulfur (Deoxofluor)) in a solvent (e.g. acetonitrile, toluene, dichloromethane or 1,2-dichloroethane or mixtures thereof) in a temperature range from 0°C to the boiling point of the reaction mixture (preferably about room temperature), similar to the descriptions in, for example, Synthesis 2002, (17):2561-2578 or Molecules 2022, (27):750.

[0156] Indigo compounds having formula (XL-5) (where A) 1 and R 2b It is as described in equation (I), and where X 3 It is a halogen, preferably Br, Cl or I (even more preferably Cl or Br)) can be prepared by: under the conditions described in Scheme 17 (conversion of XL-2 to XL) or similar to those described in, for example, J. Med. Chem. [Journal of Medicinal Chemistry] 2010, 53(16):6003-6017, for indigo compounds having formula (XL-4) (where A 1 and R 2b Halogenation is carried out as described in formula (I).

[0157] Alternatively, as shown in Scheme 19, a compound having formula (XL-2) (where A) 1 R 2a R 2a’ and R 2bThe compound having formula (I) can be prepared by reducing a compound having formula (XL-6) (where A) in an acid (e.g., acetic acid or an aqueous acid, commonly referred to as Béchamp reduction) in the presence of a reagent (e.g., iron, ferrous salt or iron catalyst) within a temperature range of 0°C to the boiling point of the reaction mixture, similar to the description in Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett. 2019, 29, 1012-1018; or by reducing a compound having formula (XL-6) (where A) in the presence of ammonium chloride in an alcohol (e.g., ethanol or isopropanol) and water (similar to the description in Org. Lett. 2022, 24, 3378-3383) in the presence of iron (which may be zinc) within a temperature range of 0°C to the boiling point of the reaction mixture. 1 R 2a R 2a’ and R 2b It is as described in equation (I) and where R b It is a C1-C6 alkyl group (preferably R) b The nitro group is methyl, ethyl, or tert-butyl. Alternatively, such reduction can also be achieved under conditions known to those skilled in the art, for example, in the presence of a catalyst (such as palladium on carbon) in an alcohol (e.g., methanol, ethanol, or isopropanol) at a temperature between 0°C and the boiling point of the reaction mixture, optionally involving molecular hydrogen (H2) under pressure. The amino product resulting from the reduction of the nitro group, i.e., the compound having formula (XL-6a), can be isolated, characterized, and cyclized in the presence of an inert solvent (e.g., tetrahydrofuran, dioxane, or N,N-dimethylformamide) in the presence of a base (e.g., potassium tert-butoxide, lithium diisopropylamide, or sodium hydride, etc.) at a temperature ranging from -20°C to the boiling point of the reaction mixture to the desired compound having formula (XL-2). However, it is preferred to proceed directly with the reductive cyclization process from (XL-6) to (XL-2) without separating (XL-6a). Option 19

[0158] Compounds having formula (XL-6) (where R) 2a and R 2a’ They are independently selected from C1-C3 alkyl and C3-C4 cycloalkyl, wherein A 1 and R 2b It is as described in equation (I), and where R b It is a C1-C6 alkyl group (preferably R) b (If it is methyl, ethyl, or tert-butyl) can be prepared by: making a compound having the formula (XL-7) (where A is methyl, ethyl, or tert-butyl) into ... into a compound having the formula (XL-7) 1 and R 2bIt is as described in equation (I), and where R b It is a C1-C6 alkyl group (preferably R) b (Methyl, ethyl, or tert-butyl) reacts with a base (preferably at least 2 equivalents, such as tert-butanol, lithium hexamethyldisilazane, or lithium diisopropylamino), followed by sequential reaction with a base having the formula R 2a -X 4 The compound (preferably about 1 equivalent) is then used with a compound having the formula R 2a’ -X 4 The compound (preferably about 1 equivalent) (wherein R 2a and R 2a’ They are independently selected from C1-C3 alkyl and C3-C4 cycloalkyl groups, and X 4 The treatment involves a leaving group, such as chlorine, bromine, or iodine (preferably iodine or bromine), or an aryl-, alkyl-, or haloalkyl sulfonate, such as trifluoromethanesulfonate. The process is carried out in a suitable solvent (e.g., tetrahydrofuran or 2-methyltetrahydrofuran) at a temperature range of -100°C to room temperature (preferably between -78°C and 0°C).

[0159] In R 2a Equal to R 2a’ In certain cases, by preferably adding at least 2 equivalents of reagent R 2a -X 4 (R omitted) 2a’ -X 4 To adjust the above process, as detailed in WO 2008 / 111299. Iodomethane, bromomethane, or dimethyl sulfate are substances having the formula R 2a -X 4 Typical representatives of reagents, among which R 2a It is methyl. Alternatively, sodium hydride may be used as a base, preferably at least 2 equivalents, in the presence of a crown ether, in a solvent (e.g., N,N-dimethylformamide or N,N-dimethylacetamide), at a temperature between -10°C and room temperature, and under the description found, for example, in Chem. Eur. J. 2016, 22, 6487-6490 or Org. Lett. 2022, 24, 3378−3383.

[0160] In R 2a and R 2a’ In certain cases where reagent R forms a C3-C6 cycloalkyl group together with the carbon to which they are attached, the reagent R in the above process... 2a -X 4 / R 2a’ -X 4 Having the formula X 4 -(CH2) n -X 4The reagent compound is replaced (preferably at least 1 equivalent is added), where n is 2, 3, 4 or 5, and each X 4 Each of these is independently a leaving group, such as chlorine, bromine, or iodine (preferably iodine or bromine), or an aryl-, alkyl-, or haloalkyl sulfonate such as trifluoromethanesulfonate. 1,2-Dibromoethane, 1-bromo-2-chloroethane, or 1,2-dichloroethane is a substance having the formula X. 4 -(CH2) n -X 4 A typical example of a reagent, where n is 2 and X 4 It is bromine or chlorine.

[0161] Compounds having formula (XL-7) (where A) 1 and R 2b It is as described in equation (I), and where R b It is a C1-C6 alkyl group (preferably R) b (If it is methyl, ethyl, or tert-butyl) can be prepared by: a compound having the formula (XL-8) (where A is...) 1 and R 2b It is as described in equation (I), and each R b Independently C1-C6 alkyl (preferably R) b It is the saponification-decarboxylation of methyl, ethyl, or tert-butyl groups. In (XL-8), the two R groups... b In the preferred case where all are methyl or ethyl, compounds having the formula (XL-7) are obtained by: similar to the description found in, for example, Tetrahedron Lett. [Tetrahedron Communications] 2002, 43, 9175-9178, using aqueous solutions of sodium carbonate, potassium carbonate, or cesium carbonate at a temperature between 0°C and 100°C, or similar to the description found in, for example, CN 112724066, using water in N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone at a temperature between 0°C and 200°C (XL-8). In (XL-8), one R b In the particular case where the other is tert-butyl, preferably methyl or ethyl, compounds having the formula (XL-7) are obtained by treatment with an acid (e.g., p-toluenesulfonic acid or trifluoroacetic acid) in an inert solvent (e.g., toluene or (trifluoromethyl)benzene) in a temperature range from room temperature to the boiling point of the reaction mixture (XL-8), similar to the description found in, for example, WO 2022 / 171123.

[0162] Compounds having formula (XL-8) (where A) 1 and R 2b It is as described in equation (I), and each R b Independently C1-C6 alkyl (preferably R) b(If A is methyl, ethyl, or tert-butyl) can be prepared by: a compound having the formula (XL-10) (where A is methyl, ethyl, or tert-butyl) 1 and R 2b It is as described in equation (I), and where X 5 It is a halogen leaving group (preferably fluorine or chlorine) and a malonate compound having the formula (XL-9) (wherein each R b Independently C1-C6 alkyl (preferably R) b (Methyl, ethyl or tert-butyl) reacts in the presence of a base (e.g. sodium carbonate, potassium carbonate or cesium carbonate, or sodium hydride) in an inert solvent (e.g. N,N-dimethylformamide or N,N-dimethylacetamide) in a temperature range from room temperature to the boiling point of the reaction mixture, similar to the description found, for example, in WO 2006 / 032987.

[0163] Compounds having the formula (XL-10) (where A) 1 and R 2b It is as described in equation (I), and where X 5 The halogen leaving group (preferably fluorine or chlorine) is known, commercially available, or can be prepared by methods known to those skilled in the art. Malonate compounds having the formula (XL-9) (wherein each R...) b Independently C1-C6 alkyl (preferably R) b (Methyl, ethyl or tert-butyl) is known, commercially available or can be prepared by methods known to those skilled in the art.

[0164] Certain compounds having formula (III) or salts thereof (e.g., hydrohalide salts, preferably hydrochloride or hydrobromide salts, or any other equivalent salts) (where R 1 R 3 (and Q have the same meaning as given above for compounds having formula (I)) are known in the literature.

[0165] For example, compounds having formulas (IIIa) and (IIIb) as defined above, or salts thereof (where R... 1 R 3 R 4a R 5a and R 5b (as described in formula (I), especially those compounds having formulas (IIIa) and (IIIb) or their salts as defined above (where R) 3 and R 4a It is as described in equation (I), and where R 1 R 5a and R 5b(Hydrogen) can be prepared in a manner similar to the descriptions found, for example, in WO 2021 / 083936, WO 2021 / 069575 and WO 2022 / 258481.

[0166] Similarly, compounds having formulas (IIIe) and (IIIf) as defined above, or their salts (where R... 1 R 3 R 4 and R 5 (as described in formula (I), especially those compounds having formulas (IIIe) and (IIIf) or their salts as defined above (where R) 3 and R 4 It is as described in equation (I), where R 1 It is hydrogen or methyl and R 5 (Whether hydrogen, methyl, or cyclopropyl) can be prepared in a manner similar to the descriptions found in, for example, WO 2021 / 083936, WO 2021 / 099303, WO 2021 / 105091, WO 2021 / 165195 and WO 2021 / 224323, WO 2022 / 268648, WO 2023 / 104714, WO 2023 / 247360 and WO 2024 / 110554.

[0167] In particular, compounds having the formula (IIIg) (where R) 1 R 3 R 5 R 10 and R 11 It can be prepared according to the reaction outlined in Scheme 20 (as described in Formula (I)). Option 20

[0168] As shown in Scheme 20, compounds having formula (IIIg) (where R) 1 R 3 R 5 R 10 and R 11 As described in formula (I), compounds having formula (IIIg-1) (where R) can be obtained by treating with an alkali (e.g., a hydroxide alkali or a carbonate alkali, such as sodium hydroxide or potassium carbonate) or an ion exchange resin. 1 R 3 R 5 R 10 and R11 As described in equation (I), and X - The preparation is done using anions (which are anions). These procedures are well known to those skilled in the art and are available from literature and textbooks. Anion X - It is the conjugate base of an acid, such as inorganic acids, for example hydrochloric acid, hydrobromic acid, hydrogen fluoride, hydrogen iodide, sulfuric acid, etc., or organic acids, such as carboxylic acids or sulfonic acids, for example trifluoroacetic acid, or methanesulfonic acid or p-toluenesulfonic acid. Many such acids are known to those skilled in the art.

[0169] Compounds having the formula (IIIg-1) (where R) 1 R 3 R 5 R 10 and R 11 As described in equation (I), and X - (Is anion) can be obtained by treating compounds having the formula (IIIg-2) with an acid (such as the acids listed above) (where R is anion). 1 R 3 R 5 R 10 and R 11 The reaction can be prepared as described in formula (I). The reaction can be carried out purely, either in a solvent (e.g., an organic solvent such as methanol, tetrahydrofuran, dichloromethane, trifluoromethylbenzene, or dioxane), an inorganic solvent (e.g., water), or a mixture of such solvents. The reaction can be carried out in a temperature range between -100°C and 200°C, more typically between 0°C and 150°C, for example, at ambient temperature.

[0170] Compounds having the formula (IIIg-2) (where R) 1 R 3 R 5 R 10 and R 11 (as described in formula (I)) can be prepared by: making a compound having formula (IIIg-3) or a salt thereof (wherein R) 1 R 3 R 5 and R 11 As defined for compounds having formula (I) and having formula X 6 -C(O)OR 10 (XL-b) compounds (where R) 10 As defined for compounds having formula (I) and X 6The reaction is carried out in the presence of a halogen (preferably chlorine) in an inert solvent (e.g., dichloromethane, tetrahydrofuran, 2-methyltetrahydrofuran, dioxane, N,N-dimethylformamide, N,N-dimethylacetamide, acetonitrile, ethyl acetate, or toluene) at a temperature of 0 to 50°C under standard amide bond formation conditions known to those skilled in the art, in the presence of an inorganic base (e.g., sodium carbonate, potassium carbonate, or cesium carbonate, or an organic base such as triethylamine, N,N-diisopropylethylamine, or pyridine), optionally in the presence of a catalyst (e.g., 4-dimethylaminopyridine DMAP), at a temperature of 0 to 50°C. Certain bases (such as pyridine and triethylamine) can be successfully used as both base and solvent.

[0171] Compounds having the formula (IIIg-3) or salts thereof (where R) 1 R 3 R 5 and R 11 As defined for compounds having formula (I), it can be produced by compounds having formula (IIIg-4) (where R 1 R 3 and R 5 As defined for compounds having formula (I), and where Xa is a halogen (preferably Br or Cl, even more preferably Cl)), it is prepared by: using a compound having formula H2NR 11 (XL-a) amine compounds or their salts (where R) 11 As defined for compounds having formula (I), treatment is optionally carried out in the presence of a copper catalyst (e.g., copper powder, copper iodide (I), or copper sulfate, or mixtures thereof), optionally in the presence of a ligand (e.g., a diamine ligand (e.g., trans-cyclohexanediamine) or 1,10-phenanthroline), optionally in the presence of a base (e.g., sodium carbonate, potassium carbonate, or cesium carbonate, or potassium phosphate), in an inert solvent (e.g., alcohols, amides, esters, ethers, nitriles, and water, particularly preferably methanol, ethanol, 2,2,2-trifluoroethanol, propanol, isopropanol, N,N-dimethylformamide, N,N-dimethylacetamide, dioxane, tetrahydrofuran, 2-methyltetrahydrofuran, dimethoxyethane, acetonitrile, ethyl acetate, water, or mixtures thereof), at a temperature of 0-150°C (preferably in the temperature range from room temperature to the boiling point of the reaction mixture), optionally under microwave irradiation or pressure using an autoclave. When using compounds having formula H2NR... 11 (XL-a) amine compounds (where R 11 It is hydrogen, i.e., H2NR 11 In specific amination reactions of ammonia, it may be advantageous to use ammonium hydroxide (a solution of ammonia in water), a solution of ammonia in an inert organic solvent (e.g., ethyl acetate, dioxane, or methanol), or an ammonia substitute (e.g., an ammonium salt, such as ammonium chloride).

[0172] Alternatively, compounds having the formula (IIIg-2) (where R)1 R 3 R 5 R 10 and R 11 (as described in formula (I)) can be prepared by: making a compound having formula (IIIg-4) (wherein R) 1 R 3 and R 5 As defined for compounds having formula (I), where Xa is a halogen, preferably Br or Cl (even more preferably Cl) and having formula HN(R) 11 )C(O)OR 10 (XL-c) compounds (where R 10 and R 11 As defined for compounds having formula (I), in the optional presence of a catalyst (e.g., palladium(II) acetate, bis(dibenzylacetone)palladium(0) (Pd(dba)2) or tris(dibenzylacetone)dipalladium(0) (Pd2(dba)3, optionally in the form of a chloroform adduct), or a palladium precatalyst (e.g., tert-BuBrettPhos Pd G3 [(2-di-tert-butylphosphino-3,6-dimethoxy-2′,4′,6′-triisopropyl-1,1′-biphenyl)-2-(2′-amino-1,1′-biphenyl)]palladium(II) methanesulfonate or BrettPhos Pd The reaction is carried out in the presence of G3[(2-dicyclohexylphosphino-3,6-dimethoxy-2′,4′,6′-triisopropyl-1,1′-biphenyl)-2-(2′-amino-1,1′-biphenyl)]palladium(II)methanesulfonate, optionally in the presence of a ligand (e.g., BINAP, SPhos, t-BuBrettPhos or Xantphos), in the presence of a base (e.g., sodium carbonate, potassium carbonate or cesium carbonate, sodium hydroxide or potassium phosphate), in an inert solvent (e.g., tetrahydrofuran, 2-methyltetrahydrofuran, dioxane, toluene, N,N-dimethylformamide, N,N-dimethylacetamide, N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone or dimethyl sulfoxide), at a temperature between 60-180°C, optionally under microwave irradiation.

[0173] Compounds having the formula (IIIg-4) (where R) 1 R 3 and R 5 As defined for compounds having formula (I), and wherein Xa is a halogen, preferably Br or Cl (more preferably Cl)) can be produced by making a compound having formula (IIIg-5) (where R 1 R 3 and R 5The compound having formula (I) is prepared by reacting a hydrazine compound having formula (XII-1) or its tautomer or its salt (where Xa is a halogen, preferably Br or Cl (more preferably Cl)) with the hydrazine compound having formula (XII-1) under conditions similar to those described in Scheme 6 above (converting XI + XII to Ib).

[0174] Compounds having the formula (IIIg-5) (where R) 1 R 3 and R 5 Compounds having formula (I) as defined herein are known, for example from WO 2021 / 083936 or WO 2021 / 165195, or they can be prepared with reference to the methods described therein. Compounds having formula (XII-1) or their tautomers or salts thereof (where Xa is a halogen, preferably Br or Cl (even more preferably Cl)) are known or even commercially available, or they can be prepared by known methods.

[0175] Compounds having formula (XII-1) or their salts (where Xa is a halogen, preferably Br or Cl (even more preferably Cl)) may exist in different tautomer forms, such as (XII-1-1) and / or (XII-1-2) or their salts, where Xa is a halogen, preferably Br or Cl (even more preferably Cl):

[0176] This invention covers all such tautomers and mixtures thereof in all proportions.

[0177] Similarly, compounds having formula (IIIh) (where R) 1 R 3 and R 5 As defined for compounds having formula (I), where X 7 It is a halogen, preferably Br or Cl) or its salt (IIIh-1) (where X is a halogen) - (The anion defined in Scheme 20 above) can be produced by a compound having formula (XII-2) or its tautomer or its salt (where X is anion defined in Scheme 20 above). 7 (is a halogen, preferably Br or Cl) and a compound having the formula (IIIg-5) (wherein R) 1 R 3 and R 5 Prepared according to the chemical methods and conditions described in Scheme 20 (Scheme 21), as defined for compounds having formula (I). Option 21

[0178] Compounds having formula (XII-2) or salts thereof (where X) 7 (It is a halogen, preferably Br or Cl) and can exist in different tautomer forms, such as (XII-2-1) and / or (XII-2-2) or their salts, wherein X 7 It is a halogen, preferably Br or Cl:

[0179] This invention covers all such tautomers and mixtures thereof in all proportions.

[0180] Compounds having formula (XII-2) or their tautomers or salts thereof (where X...) 7 The halogen (preferably Br or Cl) is known or even commercially available, or it can be prepared by known methods.

[0181] Similarly, compounds having formula (IIIi) (where R) 1 R 3 and R 5 As defined for compounds having formula (I), and where X 7 It is a halogen (preferably Br or Cl) or a salt thereof (IIIi-1), wherein X - (The anion defined in Scheme 20 above) can be produced by a compound having formula (XII-3) or its tautomer or its salt (where X is anion defined in Scheme 20 above). 7 (is a halogen, preferably Br or Cl) and a compound having the formula (IIIg-5) (wherein R) 1 R 3 and R 5 Prepared according to the chemical methods and conditions described in Scheme 20 (Scheme 22), as defined for compounds having formula (I). Option 22

[0182] Compounds having formula (XII-3) or salts thereof (where X) 7 (It is a halogen, preferably Br or Cl) and can exist in different tautomer forms, such as (XII-3-1) and / or (XII-3-2) or their salts, wherein X 7 It is a halogen, preferably Br or Cl:

[0183] This invention covers all such tautomers and mixtures thereof in all proportions.

[0184] Compounds having formula (XII-3) or their tautomers or salts thereof (where X...) 7 The halogen (preferably Br or Cl) is known or even commercially available, or it can be prepared by known methods.

[0185] Depending on the procedure or reaction conditions, the reactants can react in the presence of a base. Examples of suitable bases are alkali metal or alkaline earth metal hydroxides, alkali metal or alkaline earth metal hydrides, alkali metal or alkaline earth metal amides, alkali metal or alkaline earth metal alkoxides, alkali metal or alkaline earth metal acetates, alkali metal or alkaline earth metal carbonates, alkali metal or alkaline earth metal dialkylamides or alkali metal or alkaline earth metal alkylsilylamides, alkylamines, alkylene diamines, free or N-alkylated saturated or unsaturated cycloalkylamines, basic heterocycles, ammonium hydroxides, and carbocyclic amines. Examples that may be mentioned are sodium hydroxide, sodium hydride, sodium amino, sodium methoxide, sodium acetate, sodium carbonate, potassium tert-butoxide, potassium hydroxide, potassium carbonate, potassium hydride, lithium diisopropylamino, potassium bis(trimethylsilyl)amide, calcium hydride, triethylamine, diisopropylethylamine, triethylenediamine, cyclohexylamine, N-cyclohexyl-N,N-dimethylamine, N,N-diethylaniline, pyridine, 4-(N,N-dimethylamino)pyridine, quinine ring, N-methylmorpholine, benzyltrimethylammonium hydroxide and 1,8-diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene (DBU).

[0186] These reactants can react with each other as is, without the addition of solvents or diluents. However, in most cases, it is advantageous to add an inert solvent or diluent, or a mixture of these. If the reaction is carried out in the presence of a base, an excess of the base (such as triethylamine, pyridine, N-methylmorpholine, or N,N-diethylaniline) can also act as a solvent or diluent.

[0187] These reactions are advantageously carried out in a temperature range from about -80°C to about +140°C, preferably from about -30°C to about +100°C, and in many cases in the range between ambient temperature and about +80°C.

[0188] Depending on the reaction conditions and the choice of starting materials appropriate to each situation, it may be possible, for example, to replace only one substituent with another substituent according to the invention in a single reaction step, or to replace multiple substituents with other substituents according to the invention in the same reaction step.

[0189] Salts of compounds having formula (I) can be prepared in ways known per se. Thus, for example, acid addition salts of compounds having formula (I) are obtained by treatment with a suitable acid or a suitable ion exchanger reagent, and salts with a base are obtained by treatment with a suitable base or a suitable ion exchanger reagent.

[0190] Salts of compounds having formula (I) can be converted in a conventional manner into free compound I, acid addition salts (e.g., by treatment with a suitable basic compound or a suitable ion exchange reagent), and basic salts (e.g., by treatment with a suitable acid or a suitable ion exchange reagent).

[0191] Salts of compounds having formula (I) can be converted in a manner known per se into other salts of compounds having formula (I), acid addition salts, for example, into other acid addition salts, such as by treating salts of inorganic acids (e.g., hydrochlorides) in a suitable solvent with a suitable metal salt of the acid (e.g., a salt of sodium, barium, or silver, e.g., silver acetate), in which the inorganic salt (e.g., silver chloride) formed is insoluble and thus precipitates from the reaction mixture.

[0192] Depending on the procedure or reaction conditions, compounds of formula (I) with salt-forming properties can be obtained in free form or as salts.

[0193] Depending on the number of asymmetric carbon atoms present in the molecule, the absolute and relative configurations, and / or the configuration of the non-aromatic double bonds present in the molecule, in each case, a compound of formula (I) in free form or in salt form, and where appropriate, its tautomers, may exist as one of the possible isomers or as mixtures thereof, for example, as pure isomers, such as enantiomers and / or diastereomers, or as mixtures of isomers, such as mixtures of enantiomers, such as racemic mixtures, diastereomer mixtures, or racemic mixtures; the present invention relates to pure isomers as well as all possible mixtures of isomers, and should be understood so in each case above and below, even if stereochemical details are not explicitly mentioned in each case.

[0194] A mixture of diastereomers or racemic mixtures of compounds of formula (I) in free or salt form (their acquisition may depend on the selected starting materials and procedures) can be isolated into pure diastereomers or racemic mixtures in a known manner, based on the physicochemical differences of these components, for example by fractional crystallization, distillation and / or chromatography.

[0195] Enantiomer mixtures (such as racemates) that can be obtained in a similar manner can be resolved into optical enantiomers by known methods, for example by recrystallization from an optically active solvent; by chromatography on a chiral adsorbent, such as high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) on acetylcellulose; by cleavage with a specific immobilized enzyme using suitable microorganisms; by forming a containing compound, for example using a chiral crown ether, in which only one enantiomer is complexed; or by conversion into salts of diastereomers, for example by reacting the racemic final product with an optically active acid (such as a carboxylic acid, such as camphoric acid, tartaric acid, or malic acid, or a sulfonic acid, such as camphorsulfonic acid), and the diastereomer mixtures that can be obtained in this manner can be separated, for example by stepwise crystallization based on their different solubilities, from which the desired enantiomer can be freed by the action of a suitable reagent (such as a basic reagent).

[0196] Pure diastereomers or enantiomers can be obtained according to the invention, not only by separating a suitable mixture of isomers, but also by methods of generally known diastereoselective or enantiomeric synthesis, for example by using starting materials with suitable stereochemistry according to the invention.

[0197] N-oxides can be prepared by reacting a compound having formula (I) with a suitable oxidant (e.g., H₂O₂ / urea adduct) in the presence of an acid anhydride (e.g., trifluoroacetic anhydride). Such oxidations are known from the literature, for example from J. Med. Chem., 32 (12), 2561-73, 1989 or WO 2000 / 15615.

[0198] If individual components have different biological activities, it is advantageous to isolate or synthesize biologically more effective isomers in each case, such as enantiomers or diastereomers or mixtures of isomers, such as mixtures of enantiomers or mixtures of diastereomers.

[0199] Compounds having formula (I) and, where appropriate, their tautomers (in each case, in free or salt form) can also be obtained as hydrates and / or include other solvents, such as those that can be used to crystallize compounds that exist in solid form.

[0200] Compounds having formula (I) according to Tables A-1 to A-48 and Tables B-1 to B-36 can be prepared according to the method described above. The following examples are intended to illustrate the invention and show preferred compounds having formula (I) (in the form of compounds having formulas (IA) and (IB)). In the following formula (IB), when n equals 0, this corresponds to a direct bond, thereby forming a cyclopropyl group. Tables A-1 to A-48 (Formula IA)

[0201] Table A-1 Seventeen compounds, A-1.001 to A-1.017, having the formula IA, are provided, wherein R 2a and R 2a’ Both are H, A 1 It is CH, R 2b It is Cl, R 1 H is H and Q is as defined in Table Z.

[0202] For example, compound A-40.011 is A-40.011

[0203] Table A-2 Seventeen compounds, A-2.001 to A-2.017, having the formula IA, are provided, wherein R 2a and R 2a’ Both are H, A 1 It is CH, R 2b It is Cl, R 1 It is CH3 and Q is as defined in Table Z.

[0204] Table A-3 Seventeen compounds, A-3.001 to A-3.017, having the formula IA, are provided, wherein R 2a and R 2a’ Both are H, A 1 It is CH, R 2b It is Br, R 1 H is H and Q is as defined in Table Z.

[0205] Table A-4 Seventeen compounds, A-4.001 to A-4.017, having the formula IA, are provided, wherein R 2a and R 2a’ Both are H, A 1 It is CH, R 2b It is Br, R 1 It is CH3 and Q is as defined in Table Z.

[0206] Table A-5Seventeen compounds, A-5.001 to A-5.017, having formula IA, are provided, wherein R 2a and R 2a’ Both are H, A 1 It is CH, R 2b It is I, R 1 H is H and Q is as defined in Table Z.

[0207] Table A-6 Seventeen compounds, A-6.001 to A-6.017, having formula IA, are provided, wherein R 2a and R 2a’ Both are H, A 1 It is CH, R 2b It is I, R 1 It is CH3 and Q is as defined in Table Z.

[0208] Table A-7 Seventeen compounds, A-7.001 to A-7.017, having formula IA, are provided, wherein R 2a and R 2a’ Both are H, A 1 It is CH, R 2b It's CF3, R 1 H is H and Q is as defined in Table Z.

[0209] Table A-8 Seventeen compounds, A-8.001 to A-8.017, having formula IA, are provided, wherein R 2a and R 2a’ Both are H, A 1 It is CH, R 2b It's CF3, R 1 It is CH3 and Q is as defined in Table Z.

[0210] Table A-9 Seventeen compounds, A-9.001 to A-9.017, having formula IA, are provided, wherein R 2a and R 2a’ Both are H, A 1 It is CH, R 2b It is CHF2, R 1 H is H and Q is as defined in Table Z.

[0211] Table A-10 Seventeen compounds, A-10.001 to A-10.017, having the formula IA, are provided, wherein R 2a and R 2a’ Both are H, A 1 It is CH, R 2b It is CHF2, R 1 It is CH3 and Q is as defined in Table Z.

[0212] Table A-11 Seventeen compounds, A-11.001 to A-11.017, having the formula IA, are provided, wherein R 2a and R 2a’ Both are H, A 1 It is CH, R 2b It is cyclopropyl, R 1 H is H and Q is as defined in Table Z.

[0213] Table A-12 Seventeen compounds, A-12.001 to A-12.017, having the formula IA, are provided, wherein R 2a and R 2a’ Both are H, A 1 It is CH, R 2b It is cyclopropyl, R 1 It is CH3 and Q is as defined in Table Z.

[0214] Table A-13 Seventeen compounds, A-13.001 to A-13.017, having formula IA, are provided, wherein R 2a and R 2a’ Both are CH3, A 1 It is CH, R 2b It is Cl, R 1 H is H and Q is as defined in Table Z.

[0215] Table A-14 Seventeen compounds, A-14.001 to A-14.017, having formula IA, are provided, wherein R 2a and R 2a’ Both are CH3, A 1 It is CH, R 2b It is Cl, R 1 It is CH3 and Q is as defined in Table Z.

[0216] Table A-15 Seventeen compounds, A-15.001 to A-15.017, having formula IA, are provided, wherein R 2a and R 2a’ Both are CH3, A 1 It is CH, R 2b It is Br, R 1 H is H and Q is as defined in Table Z.

[0217] Table A-16 Seventeen compounds, A-16.001 to A-16.017, having the formula IA, are provided, wherein R 2a and R 2a’ Both are CH3, A 1 It is CH, R 2b It is Br, R1 It is CH3 and Q is as defined in Table Z.

[0218] Table A-17 Seventeen compounds, A-17.001 to A-17.017, having formula IA, are provided, wherein R 2a and R 2a’ Both are CH3, A 1 It is CH, R 2b It is I, R 1 H is H and Q is as defined in Table Z.

[0219] Table A-18 Seventeen compounds, A-18.001 to A-18.017, having formula IA, are provided, wherein R 2a and R 2a’ Both are CH3, A 1 It is CH, R 2b It is I, R 1 It is CH3 and Q is as defined in Table Z.

[0220] Table A-19 Seventeen compounds, A-19.001 to A-19.017, having formula IA, are provided, wherein R 2a and R 2a’ Both are CH3, A 1 It is CH, R 2b It's CF3, R 1 H is H and Q is as defined in Table Z.

[0221] Table A-20 Seventeen compounds, A-20.001 to A-20.017, having the formula IA, are provided, wherein R 2a and R 2a’ Both are CH3, A 1 It is CH, R 2b It's CF3, R 1 It is CH3 and Q is as defined in Table Z.

[0222] Table A-21 Seventeen compounds, A-21.001 to A-21.017, having the formula IA, are provided, wherein R 2a and R 2a’ Both are CH3, A 1 It is CH, R 2b It is CHF2, R 1 H is H and Q is as defined in Table Z.

[0223] Table A-22 Seventeen compounds, A-22.001 to A-22.017, having formula IA, are provided, wherein R 2a and R 2a’Both are CH3, A 1 It is CH, R 2b It is CHF2, R 1 It is CH3 and Q is as defined in Table Z.

[0224] Table A-23 Seventeen compounds, A-23.001 to A-23.017, having the formula IA, are provided, wherein R 2a and R 2a’ Both are CH3, A 1 It is CH, R 2b It is cyclopropyl, R 1 H is H and Q is as defined in Table Z.

[0225] Table A-24 Seventeen compounds, A-24.001 to A-24.017, having formula IA, are provided, wherein R 2a and R 2a’ Both are CH3, A 1 It is CH, R 2b It is cyclopropyl, R 1 It is CH3 and Q is as defined in Table Z.

[0226] Table A-25 Seventeen compounds, A-25.001 to A-25.017, having the formula IA, are provided, wherein R 2a and R 2a’ Both are CH2CH3, A 1 It is CH, R 2b It is Cl, R 1 H is H and Q is as defined in Table Z.

[0227] Table A-26 Seventeen compounds, A-26.001 to A-26.017, having the formula IA, are provided, wherein R 2a and R 2a’ Both are CH2CH3, A 1 It is CH, R 2b It is Cl, R 1 It is CH3 and Q is as defined in Table Z.

[0228] Table A-27 Seventeen compounds, A-27.001 to A-27.017, having formula IA, are provided, wherein R 2a and R 2a’ Both are CH2CH3, A 1 It is CH, R 2b It is Br, R 1 H is H and Q is as defined in Table Z.

[0229] Table A-28Seventeen compounds, A-28.001 to A-28.017, having formula IA, are provided, wherein R 2a and R 2a’ Both are CH2CH3, A 1 It is CH, R 2b It is Br, R 1 It is CH3 and Q is as defined in Table Z.

[0230] Table A-29 Seventeen compounds, A-29.001 to A-29.017, having formula IA, are provided, wherein R 2a and R 2a’ Both are CH2CH3, A 1 It is CH, R 2b It is I, R 1 H is H and Q is as defined in Table Z.

[0231] Table A-30 Seventeen compounds, A-30.001 to A-30.017, having the formula IA, are provided, wherein R 2a and R 2a’ Both are CH2CH3, A 1 It is CH, R 2b It is I, R 1 It is CH3 and Q is as defined in Table Z.

[0232] Table A-31 Seventeen compounds, A-31.001 to A-31.017, having formula IA, are provided, wherein R 2a and R 2a’ Both are CH2CH3, A 1 It is CH, R 2b It's CF3, R 1 H is H and Q is as defined in Table Z.

[0233] Table A-32 Seventeen compounds, A-32.001 to A-32.017, having the formula IA, are provided, wherein R 2a and R 2a’ Both are CH2CH3, A 1 It is CH, R 2b It's CF3, R 1 It is CH3 and Q is as defined in Table Z.

[0234] Table A-33 Seventeen compounds, A-33.001 to A-33.017, having formula IA, are provided, wherein R 2a and R 2a’ Both are CH2CH3, A 1 It is CH, R 2b It is CHF2, R1 H is H and Q is as defined in Table Z.

[0235] Table A-34 Seventeen compounds, A-34.001 to A-34.017, having the formula IA, are provided, wherein R 2a and R 2a’ Both are CH2CH3, A 1 It is CH, R 2b It is CHF2, R 1 It is CH3 and Q is as defined in Table Z.

[0236] Table A-35 Seventeen compounds, A-35.001 to A-35.017, having formula IA, are provided, wherein R 2a and R 2a’ Both are CH2CH3, A 1 It is CH, R 2b It is cyclopropyl, R 1 H is H and Q is as defined in Table Z.

[0237] Table A-36 Seventeen compounds, A-36.001 to A-36.017, having formula IA, are provided, wherein R 2a and R 2a’ Both are CH2CH3, A 1 It is CH, R 2b It is cyclopropyl, R 1 It is CH3 and Q is as defined in Table Z.

[0238] Table A-37 Seventeen compounds, A-37.001 to A-37.017, having formula IA, are provided, wherein R 2a and R 2a’ Both are F, A 1 It is CH, R 2b It is Cl, R 1 H is H and Q is as defined in Table Z.

[0239] Table A-38 Seventeen compounds, A-38.001 to A-38.017, having formula IA, are provided, wherein R 2a and R 2a’ Both are F, A 1 It is CH, R 2b It is Cl, R 1 It is CH3 and Q is as defined in Table Z.

[0240] Table A-39 Seventeen compounds, A-39.001 to A-39.017, having formula IA, are provided, wherein R 2a and R2a’ Both are F, A 1 It is CH, R 2b It is Br, R 1 H is H and Q is as defined in Table Z.

[0241] Table A-40 Seventeen compounds, A-40.001 to A-40.017, having the formula IA, are provided, wherein R 2a and R 2a’ Both are F, A 1 It is CH, R 2b It is Br, R 1 It is CH3 and Q is as defined in Table Z.

[0242] Table A-41 Seventeen compounds, A-41.001 to A-41.017, having formula IA, are provided, wherein R 2a and R 2a’ Both are F, A 1 It is CH, R 2b It is I, R 1 H is H and Q is as defined in Table Z.

[0243] Table A-42 Seventeen compounds, A-42.001 to A-42.017, having formula IA, are provided, wherein R 2a and R 2a’ Both are F, A 1 It is CH, R 2b It is I, R 1 It is CH3 and Q is as defined in Table Z.

[0244] Table A-43 Seventeen compounds, A-43.001 to A-43.017, having formula IA, are provided, wherein R 2a and R 2a’ Both are F, A 1 It is CH, R 2b It's CF3, R 1 H is H and Q is as defined in Table Z.

[0245] Table A-44 Seventeen compounds, A-44.001 to A-44.017, having the formula IA, are provided, wherein R 2a and R 2a’ Both are F, A 1 It is CH, R 2b It's CF3, R 1 It is CH3 and Q is as defined in Table Z.

[0246] Table A-45Seventeen compounds, A-45.001 to A-45.017, having the formula IA, are provided, wherein R 2a and R 2a’ Both are F, A 1 It is CH, R 2b It is CHF2, R 1 H is H and Q is as defined in Table Z.

[0247] Table A-46 Seventeen compounds, A-46.001 to A-46.017, having formula IA, are provided, wherein R 2a and R 2a’ Both are F, A 1 It is CH, R 2b It is CHF2, R 1 It is CH3 and Q is as defined in Table Z.

[0248] Table A-47 Seventeen compounds, A-47.001 to A-47.017, having formula IA, are provided, wherein R 2a and R 2a’ Both are F, A 1 It is CH, R 2b It is cyclopropyl, R 1 H is H and Q is as defined in Table Z.

[0249] Table A-48 Seventeen compounds, A-48.001 to A-48.017, having formula IA, are provided, wherein R 2a and R 2a’ Both are F, A 1 It is CH, R 2b It is cyclopropyl, R 1 It is CH3 and Q is as defined in Table Z. Tables B-1 to B-36 (Formula IB)

[0250] Table B-1 Seventeen compounds with the formula IB, from B-1.001 to B-1.017, are provided, where n is 0 and A is 17. 1 It is CH, R 2b It is Cl, R 1 H is H and Q is as defined in Table Z.

[0251] For example, compound B-1.006 is B-1.006

[0252] Table B-2 Seventeen compounds with the formula IB, from B-2.001 to B-2.017, are provided, where n is 0 and A is 0. 1 It is CH, R 2bIt is Cl, R 1 It is CH3 and Q is as defined in Table Z.

[0253] Table B-3 Seventeen compounds with the formula IB, from B-3.001 to B-3.017, are provided, where n is 0 and A is 0. 1 It is CH, R 2b It is Br, R 1 H is H and Q is as defined in Table Z.

[0254] Table B-4 Seventeen compounds with the formula IB, from B-4.001 to B-4.017, are provided, where n is 0 and A is 0. 1 It is CH, R 2b It is Br, R 1 It is CH3 and Q is as defined in Table Z.

[0255] Table B-5 Seventeen compounds with the formula IB, from B-5.001 to B-5.017, are provided, where n is 0 and A is 0. 1 It is CH, R 2b It is I, R 1 H is H and Q is as defined in Table Z.

[0256] Table B-6 Seventeen compounds with the formula IB, from B-6.001 to B-6.017, are provided, where n is 0 and A is 0. 1 It is CH, R 2b It is I, R 1 It is CH3 and Q is as defined in Table Z.

[0257] Table B-7 Seventeen compounds with the formula IB, from B-7.001 to B-7.017, are provided, where n is 0 and A is 0. 1 It is CH, R 2b It's CF3, R 1 H is H and Q is as defined in Table Z.

[0258] Table B-8 Seventeen compounds with formula IB, from B-8.001 to B-8.017, are provided, where n is 0 and A is 0. 1 It is CH, R 2b It's CF3, R 1 It is CH3 and Q is as defined in Table Z.

[0259] Table B-9 Seventeen compounds with the formula IB, from B-9.001 to B-9.017, are provided, where n is 0 and A is 0. 1 It is CH, R 2b It is CHF2, R1 H is H and Q is as defined in Table Z.

[0260] Table B-10 Seventeen compounds with formula IB, from B-10.001 to B-10.017, are provided, where n is 0, A 1 It is CH, R 2b It is CHF2, R 1 It is CH3 and Q is as defined in Table Z.

[0261] Table B-11 Seventeen compounds with the formula IB, from B-11.001 to B-11.017, are provided, where n is 0, A 1 It is CH, R 2b It is cyclopropyl, R 1 H is H and Q is as defined in Table Z.

[0262] Table B-12 Seventeen compounds with the formula IB, from B-12.001 to B-12.017, are provided, where n is 0, A 1 It is CH, R 2b It is cyclopropyl, R 1 It is CH3 and Q is as defined in Table Z.

[0263] Table B-13 Seventeen compounds with the formula IB, from B-13.001 to B-13.017, are provided, where n is 1, A 1 It is CH, R 2b It is Cl, R 1 H is H and Q is as defined in Table Z.

[0264] Table B-14 Seventeen compounds with formula IB, from B-14.001 to B-14.017, are provided, where n is 1, A 1 It is CH, R 2b It is Cl, R 1 It is CH3 and Q is as defined in Table Z.

[0265] Table B-15 Seventeen compounds with the formula IB, from B-15.001 to B-15.017, are provided, where n is 1, A 1 It is CH, R 2b It is Br, R 1 H is H and Q is as defined in Table Z.

[0266] Table B-16 Seventeen compounds with the formula IB, from B-16.001 to B-16.017, are provided, where n is 1, A 1 It is CH, R 2bIt is Br, R 1 It is CH3 and Q is as defined in Table Z.

[0267] Table B-17 Seventeen compounds with the formula IB, from B-17.001 to B-17.017, are provided, where n is 1, A 1 It is CH, R 2b It is I, R 1 H is H and Q is as defined in Table Z.

[0268] Table B-18 Seventeen compounds with the formula IB, from B-18.001 to B-18.017, are provided, where n is 1, A 1 It is CH, R 2b It is I, R 1 It is CH3 and Q is as defined in Table Z.

[0269] Table B-19 Seventeen compounds with the formula IB, from B-19.001 to B-19.017, are provided, where n is 1, A 1 It is CH, R 2b It's CF3, R 1 H is H and Q is as defined in Table Z.

[0270] Table B-20 Seventeen compounds with the formula IB, from B-20.001 to B-20.017, are provided, where n is 1, A 1 It is CH, R 2b It's CF3, R 1 It is CH3 and Q is as defined in Table Z.

[0271] Table B-21 Seventeen compounds with the formula IB, from B-21.001 to B-21.017, are provided, where n is 1, A 1 It is CH, R 2b It is CHF2, R 1 H is H and Q is as defined in Table Z.

[0272] Table B-22 Seventeen compounds with the formula IB, from B-22.001 to B-22.017, are provided, where n is 1, A 1 It is CH, R 2b It is CHF2, R 1 It is CH3 and Q is as defined in Table Z.

[0273] Table B-23 Seventeen compounds with the formula IB, from B-23.001 to B-23.017, are provided, where n is 1, A 1 It is CH, R2b It is cyclopropyl, R 1 H is H and Q is as defined in Table Z.

[0274] Table B-24 Seventeen compounds with the formula IB, from B-24.001 to B-24.017, are provided, where n is 1, A 1 It is CH, R 2b It is cyclopropyl, R 1 It is CH3 and Q is as defined in Table Z.

[0275] Table B-25 Seventeen compounds with the formula IB, from B-25.001 to B-25.017, are provided, where n is 2, A 1 It is CH, R 2b It is Cl, R 1 H is H and Q is as defined in Table Z.

[0276] Table B-26 Seventeen compounds with the formula IB, from B-26.001 to B-26.017, are provided, where n is 2, A 1 It is CH, R 2b It is Cl, R 1 It is CH3 and Q is as defined in Table Z.

[0277] Table B-27 Seventeen compounds with the formula IB, from B-27.001 to B-27.017, are provided, where n is 2, A 1 It is CH, R 2b It is Br, R 1 H is H and Q is as defined in Table Z.

[0278] Table B-28 Seventeen compounds with the formula IB, from B-28.001 to B-28.017, are provided, where n is 2, A 1 It is CH, R 2b It is Br, R 1 It is CH3 and Q is as defined in Table Z.

[0279] Table B-29 Seventeen compounds with formula IB, from B-29.001 to B-29.017, are provided, where n is 2, A 1 It is CH, R 2b It is I, R 1 H is H and Q is as defined in Table Z.

[0280] Table B-30 Seventeen compounds with the formula IB, from B-30.001 to B-30.017, are provided, where n is 2, A 1 It is CH, R2b It is I, R 1 It is CH3 and Q is as defined in Table Z.

[0281] Table B-31 Seventeen compounds with the formula IB, from B-31.001 to B-31.017, are provided, where n is 2, A 1 It is CH, R 2b It's CF3, R 1 H is H and Q is as defined in Table Z.

[0282] Table B-32 Seventeen compounds with the formula IB, from B-32.001 to B-32.017, are provided, where n is 2, A 1 It is CH, R 2b It's CF3, R 1 It is CH3 and Q is as defined in Table Z.

[0283] Table B-33 Seventeen compounds with the formula IB, from B-33.001 to B-33.017, are provided, where n is 2, A 1 It is CH, R 2b It is CHF2, R 1 H is H and Q is as defined in Table Z.

[0284] Table B-34 Seventeen compounds with the formula IB, from B-34.001 to B-34.017, are provided, where n is 2, A 1 It is CH, R 2b It is CHF2, R 1 It is CH3 and Q is as defined in Table Z.

[0285] Table B-35 Seventeen compounds with the formula IB, from B-35.001 to B-35.017, are provided, where n is 2, A 1 It is CH, R 2b It is cyclopropyl, R 1 H is H and Q is as defined in Table Z.

[0286] Table B-36 Seventeen compounds with the formula IB, from B-36.001 to B-36.017, are provided, where n is 2, A 1 It is CH, R 2b It is cyclopropyl, R 1 It is CH3 and Q is as defined in Table Z. Table Z: Definition of substituents for Q

[0287] This also makes it possible to obtain certain intermediate compounds as shown in schemes 1 to 22, some of which are novel. For example: • The following are compounds having formula IIa-1, wherein A 1 R 2a R 2a' and R 2b It is as defined for compounds having formula (I); for example, where A 1 R 2a R 2a’ and R 2b As described in Tables A-1 to A-48 and Tables B-1 to B-36; particularly Table A 1 It is CH, R 2a and R 2a' All are fluorine, methyl, or ethyl, or they together with the attached carbon atom form cyclopropyl or cyclobutyl and R 2b It is chloro or trifluoromethyl; preferably, A 1 It is CH, R 2a and R 2a' All are methyl or ethyl, or they together with the attached carbon atom form cyclopropyl or cyclobutyl, and R 2b It is trifluoromethyl • The following are compounds having formula IIb, where A 1 R 2a R 2a' and R 2b As defined for compounds having formula (I), R a It is a C1-C6 alkyl or benzyl group, preferably R. a It is methyl or ethyl; for example, where A is... 1 R 2a R 2a’ and R 2b As described in Tables A-1 to A-48 and Tables B-1 to B-36, especially Table A 1 It is CH, R 2a and R 2a' All are fluorine, methyl, or ethyl, or they together with the attached carbon atom form cyclopropyl or cyclobutyl and R 2b It is chloro or trifluoromethyl; preferably, A 1 It is CH, R 2a and R 2a' All are methyl or ethyl, or they together with the attached carbon atom form cyclopropyl or cyclobutyl, and R 2b It is trifluoromethyl

[0288] Where R 2a and R2b Compounds consisting entirely of hydrogen and having formulas IIa-1 and IIb were excluded, as were compounds with CAS numbers 2088714-79-6, 2137970-96-6, and 2919561-27-4.

[0289] It can be easily identified that when R 2a and R 2b At the same time, the compound contains a chiral center. Preferably, in compounds IIa-1 and IIb, R 2a and R 2b They are the same. This avoids the presence of chiral centers in the compound. • Compounds having formula (IIIh), as shown below, where R 1 R 3 and R 5 As defined for compounds having formula (I), and where X 7 It is a halogen, preferably Br or Cl, or a salt thereof (IIIh-1), wherein X - It is an anion, such as Cl. - or CF3COO - For example, where R 3 It is methyl, R 5 It is hydrogen and R 1 As defined in Tables A-1 to A-48, R is preferred. 1 It is hydrogen and R 5 It is hydrogen; • Compounds having formula (IIIi), wherein R 1 R 3 and R 5 As defined for compounds having formula (I), and where X 7 It is a halogen, preferably Br or Cl, or a salt thereof (IIIi-1), wherein X - It is an anion, such as Cl. - or CF3COO - For example, where R 3 It is methyl, R 5 It is hydrogen and R 1 As defined in Tables A-1 to A-48, R is preferred. 1 It is hydrogen and R 5 It is hydrogen. Pest Control

[0290] The compounds of formula (I) according to the invention are active ingredients with preventative and / or therapeutic value in the field of pest control. Even at low application rates, they exhibit a very favorable biocidal spectrum and are well tolerated by warm-blooded species, fish, and plants. The active ingredients according to the invention act on all or individual developmental stages of normally susceptible and resistant animal pests (such as insects or representatives of mites). The insecticidal or acaricidal activity of the active ingredients according to the invention can manifest directly, i.e., immediate or only after some time (e.g., during molting), causing damage to pests; or indirectly, for example, by reducing oviposition and / or hatching rates.

[0291] Examples of animal pests mentioned above are: • From the order Acari, such as *Eriocheir*, *Eriocheir*, *Eriocheir*, *Eriocheir*, *Eriocheir*, *Eriocheir*, *Eriocheir*, *Eriocheir*, *Eriocheir*, *Eriocheir*, *Eriocheir*, *Eriocheir*, *Eriocheir*, *Eriocheir*, *Eriocheir*, *Eriocheir*, *Eriocheir*, *Eriocheir*, *Eriocheir*, *Eriocheir*, *Eriocheir*, *Eriocheir*, *Eriocheir*, *Eriocheir*, *Eriocheir*, *Eriocheir*, *Eriocheir*, *Eriocheir*, *Eriocheir*, *Eriocheir*, *Eriocheir*, *Eriocheir*, *Eriocheir*, *Eriocheir*, *Eriocheir*, *Eriocheir*, *Eriocheir*, *Eriocheir*, *Eriocheir*, *Eriocheir*, *Eriocheir*, *Eriocheir*, *Eriocheir*, *Eriocheir*, *Eriocheir*, *Eriocheir*, *Eriocheir*, *Eriocheir*, *Eriocheir*, and *Eriocheir*. • From the order Lobelia, such as species of the genera Haematopinus spp., Linognathus spp., Pediculus spp., Pemphigus spp., and Phylloxera spp.; • From the order Coleoptera, for example, species of the genera *Anomala*, *Amphimallon majale*, *Anomala orientalis*, *Astylus atromaculatus*, *Ataenius*, *Atomaria linearis*, *Chaetocnema tibialis*, *Cerotoma*, *Cosmopolites*, *Diloboderus abderus*, *Eremnus*, *Heterocarya scabra*, *Lagria vilosa*, *Lagerstroemia indica*, and *Lissorhoptrus*. spp.), species of the genera *Liogenys*, *Maecolaspis*, *Maladera castanea*, *Megascelis*, *Melighetes aeneus*, species of the genus *Myochrous armatus*, species of the genus *Orycaephilus*, species of the genus *Otiorhynchus*, species of the genus *Phlyctinus*, species of the genus *Archlea*, species of the genus *Rhyssomatus aubtilis*, species of the genus *Rhizopertha*, species of the family Scarabaeidae, species of the genus *Weevils*, species of the genus *Somaticus*, species of the genus *Sternechus subsignatus*, species of the genus *Pseudobularia*, species of the genus *Pseudobularia*, and species of the genus *Dermestridae*; • From the order Diptera, such as the genera *Aedes*, *Anopheles*, *Sorghum fly*, *Olive fruit fly*, *Garden fly*, *Fungiidae*, *Red-headed blowfly*, *Small stripe fruit fly*, *Golden fly*, *Culex*, *Yellow fly*, *Oligostrich fly*, *Ground fly*, *Black-bellied fruit fly*, *Toilet fly*, *Stomach fly*, *Geomyza tripunctata*, *Trichogrammae*, *Drosophila*, *Fly*, *Lice fly*, *Leech leafminer*, *Green fly*, *Melanagromyza spp.*, *House fly*, *Madrid fly*, *Gallus*, *Swedish straw fly*, *Cervus*, *Fly ferruginea*, *Grass fly*, *Fungiidae*, *Rivelia quadrifasciata*, *Scatella spp.*, *Fungi*, *Bufo*, *Taenia*, and *Leptochloa*. • From the order Hemiptera, for example, *Acanthocoris scabrator*, species of the genus *Acanthocoris*, *Aleurodes*, *Amblypelta nitida*, *Bathycoeliathalassina*, species of the genus *Clavigralla*, species of the genus *Clavigralla tomentosicollis*, species of the genus *Distantiella theobroma*, *Dichelops furcatus*, species of the genus *Edessa*, species of the genus *Euchistus*, species of the genus *Eurydema pulchrum*, species of the genus *Eucistus*, *Eurydema*, *Eurydema*, *Eurydema*, *Eurydema*, and *Horcias*. *Nobilellus*, *Rice-edged Bug*, *Grass-bearing Bug*, *Spotted Scale*, *Murgantiahistrionic*, *Neomegalotomus*, *Smoke-bearing Bug*, *Green Bug*, *Nysiussimulans*, *Oebalus insularis*, *Dermatopoda*, *Fence Bug*, *Red Hunting Bug*, *Cocoa Brown Bug*, *Scaptocoris castanea*, *Black Bug*, *Thyanta*, *Trigger Bug*, *Vatiga illudens*, *Acyrthosium pisum*, *Adalges*, *Agalliana ensigera*, *Agonoscena targionii*, *Discopyfly*, *Spinyfly*, *Aleurolobus* *Aleurothrixus floccosus*, *Aleyrodesbrassicae*, *Amarasca biguttula*, *Amritodus atkinsoni*, *Aphididae*, *Aphid* species, *Aphid* species, *Aphid* species, *Potamogeton* aphid, *Tomato Psyllid*, *Whitefly* species, *Short-tailed Aphid* species, *Cavariella* species, *Cavariella aegopodii* Scop., *Ceroplaster* species, *Chrysomphalus aonidium*, *Orange-brown Scale*, *Leafhopper* species, *Cofana spectra*, *Cryptomyzus spp.*Species of the genera *Cicadulina*, *Brown Soft Wax Scale*, *Corn Yellow-winged Leafhopper*, *Naked Whitefly*, *Citrus Psyllid*, *Wheat Double-tailed Aphid*, *Western Round-tailed Aphid*, *Small Green Leafhopper*, *Eriosoma larigerum*, *Spotted Leafhopper*, *Gascardia*, *Cabbage Moth* (*Glycaspis brimblecombei*), *False Cabbage Aphid* (*Hyadaphis pseudobrassicae*), *Peach Blossom Aphid*, *Hyperomyzus pallidus*, *Longan Flat-beaked Leafhopper*, *Libya Leafhopper* (*Jacobiasca lybica*), *Grey Planthopper*, *Balloon Scale* (*Lecanium corni*), *Oyster Scale*, *Radish Aphid* (*Lopaphis erysimi*), *Corn Root Leaf Beetle* (*Lyogenys maidis*), *Long-tubed Aphid*, *Mahanarva*, *Metcalfa pruinosa*, *Wheat Webless Long-tubed Aphid*, *Myndus* *Crus*, species of *Nippolachnus*, species of *Nippolachnus*, species of *Nippolachnus*, species of *Nippolachnus*, species of *Nippolachnus*, species of *Odonaspis ruthae*, *Oregma lanigera Zehnter*, whitefly *Parabemisia myricae*, *Paratrioza cockerelli*, species of *Parlatoria*, species of *Pemphigus*, *Planthopper*, species of *Paphigus*, species of *Paphigus*, species of *Paphigus*, species of *Paphigus*, species of *Paphigus*, species of *Paphigus*, species of *Paphigus*, species of *Paphigus*, species of *Paphigus*, species of *Paphigus*, species of *Paphigus*, species of *Paphigus*, species of *Paphigus*, species of *Paphigus*, species of *Paphigus*, species of *Paphigus*, species of *Paphigus*, species of *Paphigus*, species of *Paphigus*. gigas, electric leafhopper, species of *Gypsylla*, species of *Gypsylla*, *Gypsylla*, species of *Gypsylla*, species of *Gypsylla*, species of *Gypsylla*, species of *Gypsylla*, white-backed planthopper, *Spissistilus festinus*, *Tarophagus Proserpina*, species of *Trialeurodes*, species of *Tridiscus sporoboli*, species of *Tridiscus*, African citrus psyllid, citrus scale insect, *Zygina flammigera*, *Zyginidiascutellaris*. • From the order Hymenoptera, such as species of the genera *Acromyrmex*, *Arge* spp., *Atta* spp., *Cephus* spp., *Diprion* spp., *Diprionidae*, *Gilpinia polytoma*, *Hoplocampa* spp., *Lasius* spp., *Monomorium pharaonis*, *Neodiprion* spp., *Pogonomyrmex* spp., *Solenopsis* spp., and *Vespa* spp.; • From the order Isoptera, such as species of the genera *Coptotermes*, *Corniternes cumulans*, *Incisitermes*, *Macrotermes*, *Mastotermes*, *Microtermes*, and *Reticulitermes*; tropical fire ants (*Solenopsis* geminate). • From Lepidoptera, for example, species of the genera *Aegeria*, *Aegeria*, *Alabama argillaceae*, *Amylois*, soybean leafroller, yellow leafroller, *Argyresthia*, silver-banded leafroller, *Aegeria*, cotton leafminer, corn stalk borer, fruit borer, peach fruit moth, grass borer, *Chrysoteuchia topiaria*, grape fruit borer, leaf roller, cloud leafroller, striped leafroller, sheath moth, *Coliaslesbia*, and *Cosmophila*. *Flava* species, including *Pan-African fluff moth*, *Apple heterocarpa*, *Boxwood moth*, *Cydia* species, *Boxwood silk moth*, *Stem moth* species, Sudan cotton bollworm, *Elasmopalpus lignosellus* species, *Sweet potato stem moth*, *Powdery spot moth* species, *Leaf roller* species, *Estigmene acrea*, *Etiella zinckinella*, *Flower roller* species, Grape and apple leafroller, *Yellow tussock moth* species, *Cut-off moth* species, *Feltiajaculiferia*, *Minor fruit moth* species, *Rose leafroller* (Hedya nubiferana), *Solanum spp.* species, *Chinese cabbage moth*, *Leaf-cutting moth* species, *American white moth*, *Tomato stem moth*, *Lasmopalpus lignosellus*, *Spindle leafminer*, *Lithocollethis* species, *Grape flower-winged leafroller*, *Loxostege* (bifidalis), species of the genera *Bombyx mori*, *Miner moth*, *Tenguinus*, *Cabbage moth*, *Hypericum spp.*, *Secret moth*, *Miner moth*, *Geometrid moth*, *Orniodes indica*, *Cornus esculenta*, *Small leafroller*, *Brown leafroller*, *Small-eyed moth*, *Papaipema nebris*, *Pectinophora gossypiela*, *Coffee leafminer*, *Armorworm*, *Potato tuber moth*, *Cabbage white butterfly*, *Butterfly white butterfly*, *Cabbage leafminer*, *Small white nest moth*, *Geometrid moth*, *Rachiplusia nu*, *Richia albicosta*, *White rice borer*, *Stem borer*, *Long-haired leafroller*, *Grey-winged leafroller*, *Cotton leafroller*, *Clerodendrum*, *Heterodendrum*, *Leafroller*, *Powdered moth*, *Tomato leafminer*, and *Breath moth* species; • Trichophagidae, for example, species of the genera *Leptococcus* and *Leptococcus*; • From the order Orthoptera, such as species of the genera *Berberis*, *Berberis*, *Molecus*, *Madeira*, *Migratory Locust*, *Neocurtilla hexadactyla*, *Berberis*, *Scapteriscus spp.*, and *Desert Locust*; • From the order Psittaciformes, such as species of the genus Liposcelis spp.; • From the order Siamese, such as species of the genera *Ceratophyllus* spp., *Ctenocephalides* spp., and *Xenopsylla cheopis*. • From the order Thysanoptera, for example, Calliothrips phaseoli, species of the genera *Frankliniella*, *Heliothrips*, *Hercinothrips*, *Parthenothrips*, *Scirtothrips aurantii*, *Sericothrips variabilis*, species of the genera *Taeniothrips*, and species of the genera *Thrips*. • From the order Thysanura, for example, silverfish (Lepisma saccharina).

[0292] In another aspect, the present invention may also relate to a method for controlling damage to plants and parts thereof by plant parasitic nematodes (endoparasitic nematodes, semi-endoparasitic nematodes, and ectoparasitic nematodes), particularly the following plant parasitic nematodes: root knot nematodes, northern root knot nematode (Meloidogyne hapla), southern root knot nematode (Meloidogyne incognita), Javan root knot nematode (Meloidogyne javanica), peanut root knot nematode (Meloidogyne arenaria), and other species of the genus *Meloidogyne*; cyst-forming nematodes, potato golden nematode (Globodera rostochiensis), and other species of the genus *Globodera*; cereal cyst nematode (Heterodera avenae), soybean cyst nematode (Heteroderaglycines), and beet cyst nematode (Heterodera... *Heterodera trifolii* and other species of the genus *Heterodera*; *Seed gall nematodes* and *Anguina* species; *Stem and foliar nematodes* and *Aphelenchoides* species; *Sting nematodes*, *Belonolaimus longicaudatus* and other species of the genus *Belonolaimus*; *Pine nematodes*, *Bursaphelenchus xylophilus* and other species of the genus *Bursaphelenchus*; *Ring nematodes*. Species of the genera *Criconema*, *Criconemella*, *Criconemoides*, and *Mesocriconema*; *Stemand bulb nematodes*, *Ditylenchus destructor*, *Ditylenchus dipsaci*, and other *Ditylenchus* species; *Awl nematodes* and *Dolichodorus* species;Spiral nematodes, Heliocotylenchus multicinctus and other species of the genus *Helicotylenchus*; Sheath and sheathoid nematodes, species of the genus *Hemicycliophora* and *Hemicriconemoides*; species of the genus *Hirshmanniella*; species of the genus *Lancenematodes* and *Hoploaimus*; species of the genus *false rootknot nematodes* and *Nacobbus*; Needle nematodes, Longidoruselongatus and other species of the genus *Longidorus*; Pin nematodes and species of the genus *Pratylenchus*; Lesion nematodes. *Pratylenchus neglectus*, *Pratylenchus penetrans*, *Pratylenchus curvitatus*, *Pratylenchus goodeyi*, and other species of the genus *Pratylenchus*; *Burrowing nematodes*, *Radiporrhizos similis*, and other species of the genus *Radiporrhizos*; *Reniform nematodes*, *Rotylenchus robustus*, *Rotylenchus reniformis*, and other species of the genus *Rotylenchus*; species of the genus *Scutellonema*; *Stubby root nematodes*, and *Trichodorus*. primitivus) and other species of the genera *Trichodorus* and *Paratrichodorus*;Stuntnematodes, *Tylenchorhynchus claytoni*, *Tylenchorhynchus dubius*, and other species of the genus *Tylenchorhynchus*; citrus nematodes and *Tylenchulus* species; *Dagger nematodes* and *Xiphinema* species; and other plant-parasitic nematode species, such as species of *Subanguinas*, *Hypsoperine*, *Macroposthonia*, *Melinius*, *Punctodera*, and *Quinisulcius*.

[0293] The compounds of this invention may also have activity against mollusks. Examples include, for instance, the families Pomacea canaliculata (golden apple snail); Arion (black slug (A. ater), A. circumscriptus, A. hortensis, A. rufus); Bradybaenidae (shrub snail (Bradybaena fruticum)); Cepaea (garden snail (C. hortensis, forest snail (C. nemoralis)); Ochlodina; Deroceras (grey slug (D. agrestis), D. empiricorum, D. laeve, D. reticulatum)); and Discus (round disc snail (D.). *Galba* (G. trunculata); *Helicelia* (H. itala, H. obvia); *Helicidae* (Helicigona arbustorum); *Helicodiscus*; *Helix* (H. aperta); *Limax* (L. cinereoniger, L. flavus, L. marginatus, L. maximus, L. tenellus); *Lymnaea*; *Milax* (M. black slug). gagates), marginal slug (M. marginatus), sowerbyi slug (M. sowerbyi); Opeas; Pomacea (P. canaticulata); Vallonia and Zanitoides.

[0294] The active ingredients according to the invention can be used to control (i.e., suppress or destroy) pests of the types described above, which are particularly found on plants, especially useful and ornamental plants in agriculture, horticulture and forestry, or on the organs of these plants, such as fruits, flowers, leaves, stems, tubers or roots, and in some cases, even plant organs formed at a later point in time remain protected against these pests.

[0295] In particular, suitable target crops include: cereals such as wheat, barley, rye, oats, rice, corn, or sorghum; sugar beets such as sugar beets or forage beets; fruits such as pome, stone fruits, or seedless small fruits such as apples, pears, plums, peaches, apricots, cherries, or berries such as strawberries, raspberries, or blackberries; legumes such as beans, lentils, peas, or soybeans; and oilseed crops such as rapeseed, mustard, poppies, olives, sunflowers, coconuts, castor beans, and cocoa. Beans or peanuts; cucurbits such as pumpkins, cucumbers, or melons; fiber plants such as cotton, flax, hemp, or jute; citrus fruits such as oranges, lemons, grapefruits, or tangerines; vegetables such as spinach, lettuce, asparagus, cabbage, carrots, onions, tomatoes, potatoes, or bell peppers; Lauraceae, such as avocados, cinnamon, or camphor; and also tobacco, nuts, coffee, eggplants, sugarcane, tea, pepper, grapevines, hops, plantains, and latex plants.

[0296] The compositions and / or methods of the present invention can also be used on any ornamental plants and / or vegetable crops (including flowers, shrubs, broad-leaved trees and evergreens).

[0297] For example, this invention can be used for any of the following ornamental plant species: *Ageratum* species, *Alonsoa* species, *Anisodontea capsenisis* species, *Chrysanthemum* species, *Snapdragon* species, *Aster* species, *Begonia* species (e.g., *Begonia riegerii*, *Begonia semperflorens*, *Begonia tubéreux*), *Bougainvillea* species, *Brachycome* species, *Brachycome* species (ornamental plants), *Pueraria* species, pepper, periwinkle, *Canna* species, *Cornflower* species, *Chrysanthemum* species, *Cinnamomum maritime* species, *Coreopsis* species, *Crassula coccinea*, *Cuphea ignea*, *Dahlia* species, *Delphinium* species, bleeding heart, *Dorotheantus* species. spp.), lisianthus, forsythia species, fuchsia species, geranium gnaphalium, semperflorens species, globe amaranth, heliotrope species, sunflower species, hibiscus species, hydrangea species, hydrangea species, crape myrtle species, impatiens species (African impatiens), Iresines spp., kalanchoe species, lantana, Marchflower, lion's ear flower species, lily species, pine needle chrysanthemum species, ground cherry species, peppermint species, dragon's face chrysanthemum species, marigold species, carnation species, canna species, oxalis species, daisy species, geranium species (shield geranium, horseshoe geranium), violet species (pansy), petunia species, oleander species, sedum species. spp.), species of the genera *Poinsettia*, *Parthenocissus* (including five-leafed Parthenocissus and Virginia creeper), species of the genera *Primula*, *Rhododendron*, species of the genera *Rosa*, species of the genera *Datura*, species of the genera *Viola*, species of the genera *Salvia*, *Scaevola aemola*, *Schizanthus wisetonensis*, species of the genera *Sedum*, species of the genera *Solanum*, species of the genera *Surfinia*, species of the genera *Marigold*, species of the genera *Nicotiana*, species of the genera *Verbena*, species of the genera *Zinnia*, and other bedding plants.

[0298] For example, this invention can be used on any of the following vegetable species: Allium species (garlic, onion, scallion (A. oschaninii), leek, shallot, green onion, leek), fennel, celery (Apium graveolus), asparagus, beetroot (Betavulgarus), Brassica species (cabbage, Chinese cabbage, turnip), chili pepper, chickpea, endive, chicory species (chicory, endive), watermelon, cucumber species (cucumber, melon), squash species (zucchini, squash), artichoke species (Cyanaraspp.) (artichoke, spiny artichoke), wild carrot, fennel, St. John's wort species, lettuce, tomato species (tomato, cherry tomato), mint species, basil, parsley, common bean species (bean, green bean), pea, radish, edible rhubarb, rosemary species, sage species, black ginseng (Scorzonera hispanica), eggplant, spinach, neovalerian species (lettuce, valerian, V.). eriocarpa) and broad beans.

[0299] Preferred ornamental plant species include African violet, Begonia, Dahlia, Sedum, Hydrangea, Verbena, Rosa, Kalanchoe, Poinsettia, Aster, Cornflower, Coreopsis, Delphinium, Mentha, Oleander, Yellow Daisy, Sedum, Petunia, Viola, Impatiens, Geranium, Chrysanthemum, Ranunculus, Fuchsia, Sage, Hydrangea, Rosemary, Sage, St. John's Wort, Mint, Sweet Pepper, Tomato, and Cucumber.

[0300] The active ingredients according to the invention are particularly suitable for controlling bean aphids, cucumber leaf beetles (Diabrotica balteata), tobacco shoot borers, peach aphids, diamondback moths, and sea gray winged moths (Spodoptera littoralis) on cotton, vegetables, corn, rice, and soybean crops. These active ingredients according to the invention are also particularly suitable for controlling cabbage borers (preferably on vegetables), codling moths (preferably on apples), small green leafhoppers (preferably in vegetables and vineyards), potato leaf beetles (Leptinotarsa) (preferably on potatoes), and rice stem borers (preferably on rice).

[0301] Compounds having formula (I) are particularly suitable for control: • Hemiptera pests, such as one or more of the following species: whitefly (Bemisia tabaci), bean aphid, peach aphid, rice constrictor aphid (Rhopalosiphum Padi), brown rice fly (Nilaparvata lugens), and hero bug (Euschistus heros) (preferably on vegetables, soybeans, and sugarcane). • Lepidoptera pests, such as one or more of the following species: sea gray-winged moth, fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda), diamondback moth, rice leaf roller (Cnaphalocrocis medinalis), codling moth, soybean looper (Chrysodeixis includes), rice stem borer, South American corn seedling borer (Elasmopalpuslignosellus), soybean looper (Pseudoplusia includens), and tomato leafminer (preferably on vegetables and corn). • Harmful organisms of the order Thysanoptera, such as Thrips (family Thripidae), including one or more of the following (preferably on vegetables); and • Soil pests (such as Coleoptera), such as species like the cucumber leaf beetle, species of the genus *Tectus*, and the potato beetle (preferably on vegetables and corn).

[0302] The term "crop" should be understood to also include crop plants that have been transformed using recombinant DNA technology to enable them to synthesize one or more selectively acting toxins, such as those known to originate from toxin-producing bacteria, particularly those of the genus Bacillus.

[0303] Toxins that can be expressed by such genetically modified plants include, for example, insecticidal proteins, such as those from Bacillus cereus or Bacillus thuringiensis; or insecticidal proteins from Bacillus thuringiensis, such as δ-endotoxins, such as Cry1Ab, Cry1Ac, Cry1F, and Cry1FA. 2Cry2Ab, Cry3A, Cry3Bb1, or Cry9C, or vegetative insecticidal proteins (Vip), such as Vip1, Vip2, Vip3, or Vip3A; or insecticidal proteins of nematode-parasitic bacteria, such as species of the genus *Photorhabdus* or species of the genus *Xenorhabdus*, such as *Photorhabdus luminescens* and *Xenorhabdus*. (nematophilus); toxins produced by animals, such as scorpion venom, spider venom, bee venom, and other insect-specific neurotoxins; toxins produced by fungi, such as streptotoxins; lectins, such as pea lectin, barley lectin, or snowdrop lectin; agglutinin; protease inhibitors, such as trypsin inhibitors, serine inhibitors, potato glycoproteins, cystatin, and papain inhibitors; ribosome-inactivating proteins (RIPs), such as ricin, maize-RIP, absinthecin, loofah seed toxin, saponin toxin, or cassia root toxin; steroid metabolic enzymes, such as 3-hydroxysteroid oxidase, decidual steroid-UDP-glycosyltransferase, cholesterol oxidase, decidualin inhibitors, HMG-COA-reductase, ion channel blockers such as sodium or calcium channel blockers, juvenile hormone esterase, diuretic hormone receptor, stilbene synthase, bibenzyl synthase, chitinase, and glucanase.

[0304] In the context of this invention, δ-endotoxins, such as Cry1Ab, Cry1Ac, Cry1F, and Cry1FA, are used. 2 Cry2Ab, Cry3A, Cry3Bb1, or Cry9C, or vegetative insecticidal proteins (Vip), such as Vip1, Vip2, Vip3, or Vip3A, should be understood to obviously also include mixed toxins, truncated toxins, and modified toxins. Mixed toxins are generated through new combinations of different domains of those proteins (see, for example, WO 02 / 15701). Truncated toxins, such as truncated Cry1Ab, are known. In the case of modified toxins, one or more amino acids of the naturally occurring toxin are substituted. In such amino acid substitutions, it is preferable to insert a non-naturally occurring protease recognition sequence into the toxin, for example, as in the case of Cry3A055, a cathepsin-G-recognition sequence is inserted into the Cry3A toxin (see WO 03 / 018810).

[0305] Examples of such toxins or genetically modified plants capable of synthesizing such toxins are disclosed, for example, in EP-A-0 374753, WO 93 / 07278, WO 95 / 34656, EP-A-0 427 529, EP-A-451 878 and WO 03 / 052073.

[0306] Methods for preparing such transgenic plants are generally known to those skilled in the art and are described in, for example, the disclosures mentioned above. CryI type deoxyribonucleic acid and its preparation are known, for example, from WO 95 / 34656, EP-A-0 367474, EP-A-0 401 979 and WO 90 / 13651.

[0307] Toxins, including those found in genetically modified plants, enable the plants to tolerate harmful insects. Such insects can exist in any insect taxonomy, but are particularly common in beetles (Coleoptera), dipterans (Diptera), and moths (Lepidoptera).

[0308] Transgenic plants containing one or more genes encoding insecticidal resistance and expressing one or more toxins are known, and some of them are commercially available. Examples of such plants are: YieldGard® (a maize variety expressing Cry1Ab toxin); YieldGard Rootworm® (a maize variety expressing Cry3Bb1 toxin); YieldGard Plus® (a maize variety expressing both Cry1Ab and Cry3Bb1 toxins); Starlink® (a maize variety expressing Cry9C toxin); and Herculex I® (a maize variety expressing Cry1FA). 2 Toxins and enzymes that induce tolerance to the herbicide glufosinate-ammonium, phosphatidylcholine N-acetyltransferase (PAT); NuCOTN 33B® (cotton variety, expressing Cry1Ac toxin); Bollgard I® (cotton variety, expressing Cry1Ac toxin); Bollgard II® (cotton variety, expressing Cry1Ac and Cry2Ab toxins); VipCot® (cotton variety, expressing Vip3A and Cry1Ab toxins); NewLeaf® (potato variety, expressing Cry3A toxin); NatureGard®, Agrisure® GT Advantage (GA 2 1. Glyphosate tolerance traits), Agrisure® CB Advantage (Bt11 corn borer (CB) traits), and Protecta®.

[0309] Other examples of such genetically modified crops are: 1. Bt11 maize, from Syngenta Seed Company, Chemin de l'Hobit 27, F-31790 St. Sauveur, France, Registry No. C / FR / 96 / 05 / 10. A genetically modified maize variety that expresses a truncated Cry1Ab toxin, resulting in resistance to the European corn borer (Ostrinia nubilalis and Sesamia nonagrioides). Bt11 maize is also genetically modified to express the PAT enzyme for tolerance to the herbicide glufosinate. 2. Bt176 maize, from Syngenta Seed Company, 27 Hobbit Road, F-31 790 Saint-Soville, France, Registry No. C / FR / 96 / 05 / 10. A genetically modified maize variety that expresses the Cry1Ab toxin transgenically, resulting in resistance to the European corn borer (corn borer and mealybug). Bt176 maize is also transgenically expressed with the PAT enzyme to gain tolerance to the herbicide glufosinate. 3. MIR604 maize, from Syngenta Seed Company, 27 Hobbit Road, F-31 790 Saint-Soville, France, Registry No. C / FR / 96 / 05 / 10. Insect-resistant maize induced by transgenic expression of a modified Cry3A toxin. This toxin is modified by inserting a cathepsin-G-protease recognition sequence, Cry3A055. The preparation of this type of transgenic maize plant is described in WO 03 / 018810. 4. MON 863 corn, from Monsanto Europe SA, 270-272 Avenue de Tervuren, B-1150 Brussels, Belgium, registration number C / DE / 02 / 9. MON 863 expresses Cry3Bb1 toxin and is resistant to certain Coleoptera. 5. IPC 531 cotton, from Monsanto Europe, 270-272 Teflon Boulevard, B-1150 Brussels, Belgium, registration number C / ES / 96 / 02. 6.1507 maize, from Pioneer Overseas Corporation, Avenue Tedesco, 7 B-1160 Brussels, Belgium, Registry No. C / NL / 00 / 10. Genetically modified maize expressing the protein Cry1F to acquire resistance to certain lepidopteran insects and expressing the PAT protein to acquire tolerance to the herbicide glufosinate. 7. NK603 × MON 810 maize, from Monsanto Europe, 270-272 Boulevard de Teveren, B-1150 Brussels, Belgium, Registry No. C / GB / 02 / M3 / 03. This hybrid maize variety was created by crossing the genetically modified cultivar NK603 with MON 810, using conventionally bred hybrid maize varieties. The NK603 × MON 810 maize transgenically expresses the protein CP4 EPSPS obtained from the *Agrobacterium* sp. strain CP4, conferring resistance to the herbicide Roundup® (containing glyphosate), and also expresses the Cry1Ab toxin obtained from *Bacillus thuringiensis* subsp. *kurstaki*, conferring resistance to certain lepidopteran insects, including the European corn borer.

[0310] Transgenic crops of insect-resistant plants were also described in BATS (Zentrum für Biosicherheit und Nachhaltigkeit, BATS Center, Clarastrasse 13, Basel 4058, Switzerland) report 2003. http: / / bats.ch )middle.

[0311] The term "crop" should be understood to also include crop plants that have been transformed using recombinant DNA technology to enable them to synthesize selectively active resistance substances, such as so-called "pathogenesis-associated proteins" (PRPs, see, for example, EP-A-0 392 225). Examples of such resistance substances and transgenic plants capable of synthesizing such resistance substances are known, for example, from EP-A-0 392 225, WO 95 / 33818, and EP-A-0 353 191. Methods for producing such transgenic plants are generally known to those skilled in the art and are described in, for example, the disclosures mentioned above.

[0312] Crops can also be modified to enhance their resistance to pathogens such as fungi (e.g., Fusarium, Anthracnose, or Phytophthora), bacteria (e.g., Pseudomonas), or viruses (e.g., Potato Leaf Roll Virus, Tomato Spotted Wilt Virus, Cucumber Mosaic Virus).

[0313] Crops also include those that have enhanced resistance to nematodes such as the soybean heterodermal nematode.

[0314] Crops that are tolerant to abiotic stresses include those that, for example, have increased tolerance to drought, high salinity, high temperature, cold, frost, or light radiation by expressing NF-YB or other proteins known in the art.

[0315] Antipathogenic substances that can be expressed by such transgenic plants include, for example, ion channel blockers, such as sodium and calcium channel blockers, such as viral KP1, KP4 or KP6 toxins; stilbene synthase; bibenzyl synthase; chitinase; glucanase; so-called "pathogenesis-associated proteins" (PRP; see, for example, EP-A-0 392 225); antipathogenic substances produced by microorganisms, such as peptide antibiotics or heterocyclic antibiotics (see, for example, WO 95 / 33818) or proteins or polypeptide factors involved in plant pathogen defense (so-called "plant disease resistance genes", as described in WO 03 / 000906).

[0316] Another area of ​​use for the compositions according to the invention is the protection of stored articles and storage rooms, as well as the protection of raw materials such as timber, textiles, flooring, or buildings, and also in the field of hygiene, particularly the protection of humans, livestock, and productive animals from pests of the types mentioned.

[0317] This invention provides compounds for use in a first aspect of therapy. This invention provides compounds for controlling parasites internal or external to an animal. This invention further provides compounds for controlling ectoparasites in an animal. This invention further provides compounds for preventing and / or treating diseases transmitted by ectoparasites.

[0318] This invention provides the use of the compound of the first aspect in the manufacture of a medicament for controlling parasites inside or outside the body of animals. This invention further provides the use of the compound of the first aspect in the manufacture of a medicament for controlling ectoparasites in animals. This invention further provides the use of the compound of the first aspect in the manufacture of a medicament for preventing and / or treating diseases transmitted by ectoparasites.

[0319] This invention provides the use of the compound of the first aspect in controlling parasites inside or on the surface of animals. This invention further provides the use of the compound of the first aspect in controlling ectoparasites of animals.

[0320] When used in the context of parasites inside or on the surface of an animal, the term "control" refers to reducing the number of pests or parasites, eliminating pests or parasites, and / or preventing further infestation by pests or parasites.

[0321] When used in the context of parasites inside or on the surface of an animal, the term "treatment" refers to the suppression, mitigation, cessation, or reversal of the progression or severity of existing symptoms or disease.

[0322] When used in the context of parasites inside or on the surface of an animal, the term "prevention" refers to the avoidance of the development of symptoms or disease in the animal.

[0323] When used in the context of parasites inside or on the body of an animal, the term "animal" can refer to both mammals and non-mammals, such as birds or fish. In the case of mammals, it can be either human or non-human mammals. Non-human mammals include, but are not limited to, livestock and pets. Livestock include, but are not limited to, cattle, camels, pigs, sheep, goats, and horses. Pets include, but are not limited to, dogs, cats, and rabbits.

[0324] Parasites are harmful organisms that live inside or on the surface of a host animal and benefit from it by obtaining nutrients at the expense of the host. Internal parasites are parasites that live inside the body of a host animal. External parasites are parasites that live on the surface of the body of a host animal. External parasites include, but are not limited to, ticks, insects, and crustaceans (such as sea lice). The subclass Ticks (or Acari) includes ticks and mites. Ticks include, but are not limited to, members of the following genera: *Rhipicaphalus*, such as *Rhipicaphalus microplus* (Boophilus microplus) and *Rhipicephalus sanguineus*; *Amblyomrna*; *Dermacentor*; *Haemaphysalis*; *Hyalomma*; *Ixodes*; *Rhipicentor*; *Margaropus*; *Argas*; *Otobius*; and *Ornithodoros*. Mites include, but are not limited to, members of the following genera: *Dermatophytes*, such as *Mammillaria cirrhosa*; *Ophioglossia*, such as *Mammillaria gravidarum*; *Ceratophytes*; *Dermatophytes*, such as *Dermatophytes gravidarum*; *Ortnithonyssus*; *Demodex*, such as *Demodex canis*; *Scabies*, such as *Scabies mansii*; and *Scabies*. Insects include, but are not limited to, members of the following orders: *Fleas*, *Diptera*, *Liceta*, *Lepidoptera*, *Coleoptera*, and *Homoptera*. Members of the order *Fleas* include, but are not limited to, *Ctenocephatides canis* and *Ctenocephatides canis*. Members of the order *Diptera* include, but are not limited to, species of *Housefly*; *Dermatophytes*, such as *Hippophae rhamnoides* and *Hemiptera*; *Bungarus*, such as *Bungarus* and *Tabunus*; *Hippophae rhamnoides*, such as *Bungarus*; *Stomoxys*; *Leptochloa*; midges; and mosquitoes. Members of the order Tetranychida include, but are not limited to, blood-sucking lice and chewing lice, such as the woolly lice (Bovicola ovis) and the cow lice.

[0325] When used in the context of parasites inside or outside an animal, the term "effective amount" refers to the amount or dose of the compound of the present invention or a salt thereof, which, when administered to an animal in a single or multiple doses, provides the desired effect inside or outside the animal. An attending diagnostic expert (as a person skilled in the art) can readily determine the effective amount by using known techniques and by observing results obtained under similar conditions. In determining the effective amount, the attending diagnostic expert considers a number of factors, including but not limited to: the species of the mammal; its size, age, and general health status; the parasite to be controlled and the extent of infection; the specific disease or condition involved; the extent or severity of the disease or condition; the individual response; the specific compound administered; the administration pattern; the bioavailability characteristics of the administered formulation; the selected dosage regimen; the use of concomitant drugs; and other relevant factors.

[0326] The compounds of the present invention can be administered to animals by any route with the desired effect, including but not limited to topical, oral, parenteral, and subcutaneous administration. Topical administration is preferred. Formulations suitable for topical administration include, for example, solutions, emulsions, and suspensions, and can be in the form of pouring, dotting, spraying, spray race, or dipping. Alternatively, the compounds of the present invention can be administered by ear tag or collar.

[0327] The salt forms of the compounds of the present invention include both pharmaceutically acceptable and veterinary acceptable salts, which may differ from those chemically acceptable for agricultural use. Pharmaceutically and veterinary acceptable salts and common methods for preparing them are well known in the art. See, for example, Gould, PL, "Salt selection for basic drugs", International Journal of Pharmaceutics, 33: 201-217 (1986); Bastin, RJ et al., "Salt Selection and Optimization Procedures for Pharmaceutical New Chemical Entities", Organic Process Research and Development, 4: 427-435 (2000); and Berge, SM et al., "Pharmaceutical Salts", Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 66: 1-19, (1977). Those skilled in the art of synthesis will understand that, using techniques and conditions well known to those of ordinary skill in the art, the compounds of the present invention can be readily converted into salts and can be separated as salts (such as hydrochlorides). Furthermore, those skilled in the art of synthesis will understand that the compounds of the present invention can be readily converted into the corresponding free bases and can be separated from the corresponding salts as the corresponding free bases.

[0328] The present invention also provides a method for controlling pests such as mosquitoes and other disease vectors; see also http: / / www.who.int / malaria / vector_control / irs / en / . In one embodiment, the method for controlling pests includes applying the composition of the invention to the target pests, their location, or a surface or substrate by brushing, rolling, spraying, sprinkling, or impregnation. By way of example, the method of the present invention is contemplated for application of IRS (Indoor Residual Spray) to surfaces such as walls, ceilings, or floor surfaces. In another embodiment, the application of such compositions to substrates, such as nonwoven or woven materials, in the form of mesh fabrics, covers, bedding, curtains, and tents (or materials that can be used in the manufacture of these articles), is contemplated.

[0329] In one embodiment, a method for controlling such pests includes applying a biocidally effective amount of the composition of the invention to the target pests, to their location, or to a surface or substrate to provide effective residual biocidal activity on the surface or substrate. This application can be carried out by brushing, rolling, spraying, sprinkling, or impregnating the biocidal composition of the invention. By way of example, the method of the invention is considered for IRS application to surfaces (such as wall, ceiling, or floor surfaces) to provide effective residual biocidal activity on the surface. In another embodiment, the application of such a composition for residual control of pests on a substrate, such as a fabric material (or potentially used in the manufacture of these articles) in the form of netting, coverings, bedding, curtains, and tents, is considered.

[0330] The substrate to be treated (including nonwovens, fabrics, or meshes) can be made of natural fibers such as cotton, raffia leaf fibers, jute, flax, sisal, burlap, or wool, or synthetic fibers such as polyamide, polyester, polypropylene, polyacrylonitrile, etc. Polyester is particularly suitable. Methods for treating textiles are known, for example, WO 2008 / 151984, WO 2003 / 034823, US 5631072, WO 2005 / 64072, WO 2006 / 128870, EP 1724392, WO 2005 / 113886, or WO2007 / 090739.

[0331] Another area of ​​application for the compositions according to the invention is tree injection / trunk treatment for all ornamental trees and all kinds of fruit and nut trees.

[0332] In the field of tree injection / trunk treatment, the compounds according to the present invention are particularly suitable for combating wood-boring insects from the Lepidoptera and Coleoptera mentioned above, especially those listed in Tables A and B below: Table A. Examples of economically important invasive wood-boring insects. Table B. Examples of local wood-boring insects of economic importance.

[0333] This invention can also be used to control any insect pests that can exist in lawn grass, including, for example, beetles, caterpillars, fire ants, ground pearls, millipedes, sowbugs, mites, mole crickets, scale insects, mealybugs, ticks, froghoppers, southern wheat bugs, and grubs. This invention can be used to control insect pests at all stages of their life cycle, including eggs, larvae, nymphs, and adults.

[0334] Specifically, this invention can be used to control insect pests that feed on the roots of lawn grasses, including grubs (such as Cyclocephala spp., e.g., the marked scarab beetle, C. lurida), Rhizotrogus (e.g., the European scarab beetle, R. majalis), Cotinus (e.g., the green June beetle, C. nitida), Popillia spp. (e.g., the Japanese beetle, P. japonica), Phyllophoraga spp. (e.g., the May / June beetle), Ataenius (e.g., the Black turfgrass ataenius, A. spretulus), Malladeras spp. (e.g., the Asiatic garden beetle, M. castanea and Tomarus), ground pearl (Margarodes spp.), mole crickets (brownish-yellow, southern, and short-winged; Scapteriscus spp., Gryllotalpa africana) and leatherjackets (European crane fly, Tipula spp.)).

[0335] This invention can also be used to control insect pests in lawn grasses of thatched houses, including armyworms (such as the fall armyworm and the common armyworm Pseudaletia unipuncta), root cutters, weevils (species of the genus Sphenophorus, such as S. venatusverstitus and S. parvulus), and grass moths (such as species of the genus Crambus and the tropical grass moth Herpetogramma phaeopteralis).

[0336] This invention can also be used to control insect pests in turfgrass that live on the ground and feed on the leaves of turfgrass, including wheat bugs (such as southern wheat bugs and southern stem bugs (Blissus insularis)), bermudagrass mite (Eriophyes cynodoniensis), grass mealybug (Antonina graminis)), two-lined grasshopper (Propsapia bicincta), leafhoppers, root-cutting moths (Noctuidae), and wheat aphids.

[0337] This invention can also be used to control other harmful organisms in lawn grass, such as introduced red imported fire ants (Solenopsis invicta) that create nests in lawns.

[0338] In the field of hygiene, the compositions according to the invention are effective against ectoparasites such as hard ticks, soft ticks, scabies mites, fall mites, flies (biting and licking), parasitic fly larvae, lice, hair lice, bird lice and fleas.

[0339] Examples of this type of parasite are: • Lice: Species of the genera *Linognathus*, *Phtirus*, *Phtirus*, and *Phtirus*. • Order Trichophagia: Species of the genera *Hymenopteris*, *Hymenopteris*, *Hymenopteris*, *Hymenopteris*, *Hymenopteris*, *Hymenopteris*, *Hymenopteris*, *Hymenopteris*, *Hymenopteris*, *Hymenopteris*, and *Hymenopteris*. • Diptera and suborders Aedes and Brachycera, such as the genera *Aedes*, *Anopheles*, *Culex*, *Blackflies*, *Gnaphalium*, *Culex*, *Tectus*, *Tabernae*, *Tabernae*, *Tabernae*, *Philipomyia* spp., *Fly*, *Fly*, *Fly*, *Fly*, *Fly*, *Morllia* spp., *Toilet Fly*, *Trichogramma*, *Blowfly*, *Green Fly*, *Gold Fly*, *Fly*, *Wood Fly*, *Hornet Fly*, *Hornet*, *Bombyx*, *Fly*, *Lipoptena* spp., and *Tick Fly*. • Siphonapterida, including species of the genera *Pulex*, *Xenopsylla*, and *Xenopsylla*. • Heteropterida, such as species of the genera *Pycnodon*, *Triatomine*, *Aspergillus*, and *Panstrongylus* spp. • Blattarida, including species such as the oriental cockroach (Blatta orientalis), the American cockroach (Periplaneta americana), the German cockroach (Blattelagermanica), and species of the genus Supella (Supella spp.). • Subclass Acaria (family Acarida) and orders Meta-stigmata and Meso-stigmata, including species of the genera *Argas*, *Ornithodorus*, *Otobius*, *Ixodes*, *Amblyommas*, *Boophilus*, *Dermacentor*, *Haemophysalis*, *Hyalomma*, *Rhipicephalus*, *Dermanyssus*, *Raillietia*, and *Pneumonyssus*. spp.), species of the genus *Sternostoma* spp., and species of the genus *Varroaspp.*. • Order Actinedida (prostigmata) and Acaridida (Astigmata), including species of the genera *Acarapis* spp., *Cheyletiella* spp., *Ornithocheyletia* spp., *Myobia* spp., *Psorergates* spp., *Demodex* spp., *Trombicula* spp., *Listrophorus* spp., *Acarus* spp., *Tyrophagus* spp., *Caloglyphus* spp., *Hypodectes* spp., and *Pterolichus*. Species of the genera *Psoroptes*, *Chorioptes*, *Otodectes*, *Sarcoptes*, *Notoedress*, *Knemidocoptes*, *Cytodites*, and *Laminosioptes*.

[0340] The compositions according to the invention are also suitable for protecting materials such as wood, textiles, plastics, adhesives, glues, paints, paper and cards, leather, flooring and buildings from insect infestation.

[0341] The compositions according to the invention can be used, for example, to combat the following pests: beetles such as the North American house longhorn beetle (Hylotrupes bajulus), the long-haired longhorn beetle (Chlorophorus pilosis), the furniture thief (Anobium punctatum), the red-haired thief (Xestobium rufovillosum), the comb-horned thief (Ptilinuspecticornis), the dendrobium pertinex, the pine bud thief (Ernobius mollis), the primed carpini, the brown powdery beetle (Lyctus brunneus), the African powdery beetle (Lyctus africanus), the southern powdery beetle (Lyctus planicollis), the oak powdery beetle (Lyctus linearis), the pubescens powdery beetle (Lyctus pubescens), and the breast powdery beetle (Trogoxylon). The species include *Aequale*, *Minthesrugicollis*, *Xyleborus* spp., *Tryptodendron* spp., *Apate monachus*, *Bostrychus capucins*, *Heterobostrychus brunneus*, *Sinoxylon* spp., and *Dinoderus minutus*, as well as hymenopterans such as *Sirexjuvencus*, *Urocerus gigas*, *Urocerus gigas taignus*, and *Urocerus augur*, and termites such as *Kalotermes flavicollis*, *Cryptotermes brevis*, and *Heterotermes*. The termites include *Indicola*, *Reticulitermes flavipes*, *Reticulitermes santonensis*, *Reticulitermes lucifugus*, *Mastotermes darwiniensis*, *Zootermopsis nevadensis*, and *Coptotermes formosanus*, as well as wood-boring insects such as silverfish (*Lepisma saccharina*).

[0342] Compounds having formulas I and I'a, or salts thereof, are particularly suitable for controlling one or more pests selected from the following families: Noctuidae, Pyrenidae, Chrysophagidae, Thrips, Stink Bugs, Toxascaridae, Planthoppers, Aphids, Noctuidae, Pyralidae, Root-knot Nematodes, and Heterodermidae. In a preferred embodiment of each aspect, compound TX (wherein the abbreviation "TX" means "a compound selected from the compounds defined in Tables A-1 to A-48, Tables B-1 to B-36 and Table P") controls one or more pests selected from the following families: Noctuidae, Pyrenidae, Chrysophagidae, Thrips, Stink Bugs, Toxascaridae, Planthoppers, Aphids, Noctuidae, Pyralidae, Root-knot Nematodes, and Heterodermidae.

[0343] Compounds having formulas I and I'a, or salts thereof, are particularly suitable for controlling one or more pests selected from the following genera: species of the genera *Gnaphalium*, *Pissula*, *Thrips*, *Pseudomonas*, *Lepidoptera*, *Carex*, *Brassica*, *Aphid*, *Aphid*, *Lepidoptera*, *Aphid*, *Cyprinus*, *Cyprinus*, and *Cyprinus*.

[0344] In a preferred embodiment of each aspect, compound TX (wherein the abbreviation "TX" means "a compound selected from the compounds defined in Tables A-1 to A-48, Tables B-1 to B-36 and Table P") controls one or more pests selected from the following genera: species of the genera *Gnaphalium*, *Prunella*, *Thrips*, *Ipomoea*, *Lepidoptera*, *Carex*, *Brassica*, *Aphid*, *Aphid*, *Lepidoptera*, *Aphid*, *Cyprinus*, and *Pterocarya*.

[0345] Compounds having formulas I and I'a or their salts are particularly suitable for controlling one or more of the following: sea grebe moth, diamondback moth, western flower thrips, tobacco thrips, hero American bug, codling moth, brown rice leafhopper, peach aphid, soybean looper, soybean aphid, cucumber leaf beetle, cereal constrictor aphid, and rice stem borer.

[0346] In preferred embodiments of each aspect, compound TX (wherein the abbreviation "TX" means "a compound selected from the compounds defined in Tables A-1 to A-48, Tables B-1 to B-36 and Table P") controls one or more of the following: sea nymph, diamondback moth, western flower thrips, tobacco thrips, American stink bug, codling moth, brown rice leafhopper, peach aphid, soybean looper, soybean aphid, cucumber leaf beetle, cereal constrictor aphid, and rice stem borer, such as sea nymph + TX, diamondback moth + TX; western flower thrips + TX, tobacco thrips + TX, American stink bug + TX, codling moth + TX, brown rice leaf beetle + TX, peach aphid + TX, soybean looper + TX, soybean aphid + TX, cucumber leaf beetle + TX, cereal constrictor aphid + TX, and rice stem borer + TX.

[0347] In the embodiments of each aspect, compounds selected from those defined in Tables A-1 to A-48, Tables B-1 to B-36 and Table P are suitable for controlling the following pests on cotton, vegetables, corn, cereals, rice and soybean crops: diamondback moth, western flower thrips, tobacco thrips, American stink bug, codling moth, brown rice leafhopper, peach aphid, soybean looper, soybean aphid, cucumber leaf beetle, cereal constrictor aphid and rice stem borer.

[0348] In each aspect of the embodiments, compounds selected from those defined in Tables A-1 to A-48, Tables B-1 to B-36 and Table P are suitable for controlling the cabbage looper (Mamestra) (preferably on vegetables), the codling moth (preferably on apples), the small green leafhopper (Empoasca) (preferably on vegetables and vineyards), the potato leaf beetle (Leptinotarsa) (preferably on potatoes), and the rice stem borer (preferably on rice).

[0349] Compounds according to the invention can have any number of benefits, particularly including favorable levels of bioactivity for protecting plants against insects or superior properties for use as active ingredients in agrochemicals (e.g., higher bioactivity, favorable activity spectrum, increased safety (against non-target organisms such as fish, birds, and bees), improved physicochemical properties, or increased biodegradability). In particular, it has now been unexpectedly found that certain compounds having formula (I) can exhibit favorable safety relative to non-target arthropods, especially pollinators (e.g., honeybees, solitary bees, and bumblebees). Most particularly, relative to the Italian bee (Apis mellifera).

[0350] Preferred combinations are those of a compound having Formula I and another active substance in a 1:1 weight ratio (where the abbreviation "TX" means "a compound selected from the compounds defined in Tables A-1 to A-48, Tables B-1 to B-36 and Table P"): (7E,9Z)-Dodec-7,9-dien-1-yl acetate + TX, (9Z,11E)-Tetradec-9,11-dien-1-yl acetate + TX, (9Z,12E)-Tetradec-9,12-dien-1-yl acetate + TX, (E)-6-methylhept-2-en-4-ol + TX, (E)-dec-5-en-1-yl acetate and (E)-dec-5-en-1-ol + TX, (E)-Tedec-4-en-1-yl acetate + TX, (E,Z)-Tetradec-4,10-dien-1-yl acetate + TX, (Z)-Dodec-7-en-1-yl acetate + TX, (Z)-Hexadec-11-en-1-yl acetate + TX, (Z)-Hexadec-11-enal + TX, (Z)-hexadec-13-en-11-yn-1-yl acetate + TX, (Z)-eicos-13-en-10-one + TX, (Z)-tetradec-7-en-1-al + TX, (Z)-tetradec-9-en-1-ol + TX, (Z)-tetradec-9-en-1-yl acetate + TX, 1,2-dibromo-3-chloropropane + TX, 1,2-dichloropropane + TX, 1,2-dichloropropane and 1,3-dichloropropene + TX, 1,3-dichloropropene + TX, 14-methyloctadec-1-ene + TX, 1-hydroxy-1H-pyridine-2-thione + TX, 2-(octylthio)ethanol + TX, 2-chlorophenyl N-methylcarbamate (CPMC) + TX, 3-(4-chlorophenyl)-5-methylrhodanine + TX, 3,4-Dichlorotetrahydrothiophene 1,1-dioxide + TX, 4-(quinoxalo-2-ylamino)benzenesulfonamide + TX, 4-methylnon-5-ol and 4-methylnon-5-one + TX, 5-methyl-6-thio-1,3,5-thiadiazin-3-ylacetic acid + TX, 6-isopentenylaminopurine + TX, 8-hydroxyquinoline sulfate + TX, abamectin + TX, miticide + TX, acetamiprid + TX, acetamiprid + TX, flufenoxuron + TX, acynonapyr + TX, cotton brown leafroller GV + TX, bispyribac-methyl + TX, afralan + TX, agrobacterium radioduran + TX, AKD-3088 + TX, cotton bollworm + TX, aldicarb + TX, aldicarb + TX, pyrethrum + TX TX, cis-cypermethrin + TX, high-efficiency cypermethrin + TX, alpha-multistriatin + TX, *Amblyseius* species + TX, sulfadiazine + TX, amino acids + TX, cypermethrin + TX, celery cutworm NPV + TX, *Protoceratops chinensis* + TX, *Aphidius short-spurred* +TX, cotton aphid parasitic wasp + TX, aphid gall midge + TX, azoxystrobin + TX, alfalfa silver-striped moth NPV + TX, AZ 60541 + TX, azadirachtin + TX, triazole tin + TX, Bacillus spp. catfish + TX, Bacillus chitinosporus AQ746 (NRRL registry B-21 618) + TX, Bacillus stolonifer + TX, Bacillus spp. Kurstak + TX, Bacillus mycosis fungoides AQ726 (NRRL registry B-21664) + TX, Bacillus pumilus (NRRL registry B-30087) + TX, Bacillus pumilus AQ717 (NRRL registry B-21662) + TX, Bacillus spp. species AQ175 (ATCC registry 55608) + TX, Bacillus species AQ177 (ATCC accession number 55609) + TX, Bacillus species AQ178 (ATCC accession number 53522) + TX, Bacillus spheroidae + TX, Bacillus subtilis AQ153 (ATCC accession number 55614) + TX, Bacillus subtilis AQ30002 (NRRL accession number B-50421) + TX, Bacillus subtilis AQ30004 (NRRL accession number B-50455) + TX, Bacillus subtilis AQ713 (NRRL accession number B-21661) + TX, Bacillus subtilis AQ743 (NRRL accession number B-21665) + TX, Unspecified Bacillus subtilis + TX, Bacillus thuringiensis AQ52 (NRRL accession number B-21619) + TX, Bacillus thuringiensis BD#32 (NRRL Registry No. B-21530) + TX, Bacillus thuringiensis + TX, Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. Ayuzawa + TX, Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. Israel + TX, Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. Japan + TX, Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. Kurstak + TX, Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. Tenebrionis + TX, Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. Kurstak BMP 123 + TX, Beauveria bassiana + TX, Beauveria bassiana + TX, Benzyl + TX, Benomyl + TX, Sulfuric acid + TX, Acaricide + TX, Pyrimethanil + TX, β-Cypermethrin + TX, β-Cypermethrin + TX, Vermiculin + TX, Bifenazate + TX, Bifenthrin + TX, Acaricide + TX, bio-allethrin + TX, bio-benzylfuran + TX, bis(tributyltin)oxide + TX, bis(azir)methamidophos sulfide (bisazir) + TX, bis(triflufenoxuron) + TX, flufenoxuron + TX, western pine bark beetle aggregate pheromone (brevicomin) +TX, Broflanilide + TX, Delemmonyl + TX, Bromoacetamide + TX, Bromothion-Ethyl + TX, Bromonitol + TX, Busulfan + TX, Butanol + TX, Butopyronoxyl + TX, Butoxyl (polypropylene glycol) + TX, Butylpyridinium + TX, Thiophanate + TX, Calcium Arsenate + TX, Sevin + TX, Carbofuran + TX, Carbon Disulfide + TX, Butylcarbofuran + TX, Bataan + TX, CAS No.: 1594624-87-9 + TX, CAS No.: 1922957-47-8 + TX, CAS No.: 1255091-74-7 + TX, CAS No.: 1365070-72-9 + TX, CAS No.: 1445683-71-5 + TX, CAS No.: 1445684-82-1 + TX, CAS No.: 1594626-19-3 + TX, CAS No.: 1594637-65-6 + TX, CAS No.: 1632218-00-8 + TX, CAS No.: 1808115-49-2 + TX, CAS No.: 1922957-46-7 + TX, CAS No.: 1922957-48-9 + TX, CAS No.: 1956329-03-5 + TX, CAS No.: 1990457-52-7 + TX, CAS No.: 1990457-55-0 + TX, CAS No.: 1990457-57-2 + TX, CAS No.: 1990457-66-3 + TX, CAS No.: 1990457-77-6 + TX, CAS No.: 1990457-85-6 + TX, CAS No.: 2032403-97-5 + TX, CAS No.: 2044701-44-0 + TX, CAS No.: 2095470-94-1 + TX, CAS No.: 2128706-04-5 + TX, CAS No.: 2128706-05-6 + TX, CAS No.: 2133042-31-4 + TX, CAS No.: 2133042-44-9 + TX, CAS No.: 2171099-09-3 + TX, CAS No.: 2220132-55-6 + TX, CAS No.: 2396747-83-2 + TX, CAS No.: 2408220-91-5 + TX, CAS No.: 2408220-94-8 + TX, CAS No.: 2415706-16-8 + TX, Piperflanilide (CAS No.: 2615135-05-0) +TX, CAS No.: 2719848-60-7 + TX, CAS No.: 158062-71-6 + TX, CAS No.: 2454319-63-0 + TX, CAS No.: RNA (Potato Beetle-Specific Recombinant Double-Strand Interference GS2) + TX, Chlorantraniliprole + TX, Chlordane + TX, Bromnifloxacin + TX, Chlorothalonil + TX, Chlorpyrifos + TX, Cyclofenac + TX, Chrysoperla carnea + TX, Clenbuterol + TX, Carbaryl + TX, Thiamethoxam + TX, Codlelure + TX, Codlemone + TX, Copper Acetate Arsenite + TX, Copper Dioctanoate + TX, Copper Hydroxide + TX, Copper Sulfate + TX, Cresol + TX, Phosphate + TX, Cryptolaemus montrouzieri + TX, Cuelure + TX, Benzoate + TX, Bromoxyfenozide + TX, Cybutryne + TX, Cyclobutrifluram + TX, Pyrethroids + TX, Cyclosulfuron + TX, Codling Moth GV + TX, Cyprodinil + TX, Cyetpyrafen + TX, Diflubenzuron + TX, Lambda-cyhalothrin + TX, Cylohalothrin + TX, Cypermethrin + TX, Cyproflanilide + TX, Cyromazine + TX, Cyromazine + TX, Cyprofen + TX, Cyprofen + TX, Cyprofen + TX, Cyromazine + TX, Cyclosulfuron + TX, Cyclosulfuron + TX, Dacnusa sibirica + TX, Dazomet + TX, DBCP + TX, DCIP + TX, deltamethrin + TX, acaricide + TX, chlorpyrifos + TX, dimidafos + TX, dibrom + TX, dibutyl adipate + TX, dibutyl phthalate + TX, dibutyl succinate + TX, dichlorvos + TX, dichloronaphthoquinone + TX, dichlorophenol + TX, didicphos + TX, dichlorvos + TX, diclofenac + TX, DEET + TX, diflubenzuron + TX, Diglyphus isaea + TX, dimatif + TX, dimethoate + TX, dimethyl carbate + TX, dimethyl phthalate +TX, dimpropyridaz + TX, diclofenac + TX, abamectin + TX, fipronil + TX, phosmet + TX, pyrimethanil + TX, disparlure + TX, D-limonene + TX, dodecano-8-en-1-yl acetate + TX, dodecano-9-en-1-yl acetate + TX, dodecano-8,10-dien-1-yl acetate + TX, dodecylene + TX, dominicalure + TX, dolactin + TX, emamectin + TX, emamectin benzoate + TX, dextromethorphan + TX, Encarsia formosa + TX, cypermethrin + TX, isodrin + TX, irinotecan + TX, epsilon-momfluorothrin + TX, ε-methoxybenzylflufenicol + TX, Eretmocerus eremicus + TX, cypermethrin + TX, ethion + TX, acetamiprid + TX, ethoprofen + TX, ethyl 4-methyloctanoate + TX, ethylhexane glycol + TX, dibromoethane + TX, permethrin + TX, etoxazole + TX, etpyrafen + TX, eugenol + TX, seaweed extract and fermentation products derived from saccharyl + TX, seaweed extract and fermentation products derived from saccharyl (including urea) + TX, seaweed extract and fermented plant products + TX, seaweed extract and fermented plant products (including plant hormones, vitamins, EDTA chelated copper, zinc, and iron) + TX, phosmet + TX, sodium dichloroisocyanurate + TX, fenamiphos + TX, quinfenoxam + TX, pentafluorobenzyl + TX TX, fenitrothion + TX, fenmezoditiaz + TX, sec-butylcarbide + TX, bensulfuron + TX, fenoxycarb + TX, cypermethrin + TX, fenpyrad + TX, azoxystrobin + TX, fensodium + TX, fenthion + TX, triphenyltin + TX, cypermethrin + TX, ferric phosphate + TX, fipronil + TX, fometoquin + TX, flonicamid + TX, pyrimethanil + TX, trifluralin + TX, pyridaben + TX, flufenoxuron + TX, flufenoxuron + TX, flucitrinate + TX, flufenoxuron + TX, flufenoxuron + TX, flufenoxuron + TX, flufenoxuron + TX, fluensulfone [318290-98-1] + TX, flufensulfone+ TX, pyrimethanil + TX, deltamethrin + TX, fipronil + TX, fluhexafon + TX, flupyram + TX, flupyradifurone + TX, flupyrimin + TX, flupyroxystrobin + TX, fluralaner + TX, lambda-cyhalothrin + TX, fluxametamide + TX, formaldehyde + TX, fosthiazate + TX, fosthietan + TX, frontalin + TX, furfural + TX, γ-trifluorocypermethrin + TX, Gossyplure® (1 of the (Z,E) and (Z,Z) isomers of hexadecyl-7,11-dien-1-yl-acetate) : 1 mixture) + TX, Grandlure + TX, Grandlure I + TX, Grandlure II + TX, Grandlure III + TX, Grandlure IV + TX, Particulate virus + TX, Pendimethalin + TX, GY-81 + TX, Benzyl ether + TX, Chlorfenapyr + TX, Harpin + TX, Cotton bollworm nucleopolyhedrovirus + TX, Eriocaulon buergerianum NPV + TX, Eriocaulon buergerianum nucleopolyhedrovirus + TX, Australian cotton bollworm nucleopolyhedrovirus + TX, Tobacco bud moth nucleopolyhedrovirus + TX, Hemel + TX, Hempa + TX, Heptamethrin + TX, Phoxim + TX, Heterorhabditis bacteriophora and H. megidis + TX, hexalure + TX, hexamide + TX, thiamethoxam + TX, Hippodamia convergens + TX, flufenoxuron + TX, mercaptan + TX, quicklime + TX, imidacloprid + TX, imidacloprid + TX, indazapyroxamet + TX, indoxacarb + TX, iodomethane + TX, iprodione + TX, ipsdienol + TX, ipsenol + TX, isamidophos + TX, chlorpyrifos + TX, isocycloseram +TX, Isoflualanam (CAS No.: 2892524-05-7) + TX, Isopyr + TX, Ivermectin + TX, Japonilure + TX, κ-Bifenthrin + TX, κ-Heptafluthrin + TX, Kasugamycin + TX, Kasugamycin Hydrochloride Hydrate + TX, Kinetin + TX, Lambda-cyhalothrin + TX, Ledprona + TX, Ribamectin + TX, Leptomastixdactylopii + TX, Lineatin + TX, Litlure + TX, Looplure + TX, Lotilaner + TX, Clofenuron + TX, Macrolophius caliginosus + TX, Cabbage looper NPV + TX, Mecarphon + TX, Medlure + TX, Megatomoic acid + TX, Cyfluthrin + TX, Metaldehyde + TX, Magnetonium + TX, Magnetonium potassium + TX, Magnetonium sodium + TX, Metaphycus helvolus + TX, Metarhizium anisopliae var. acridum + TX, Metarhizium anisopliae var. anisopliae + TX, Metarhizium species + TX, Metepa + TX, Methionol + TX, Methionol + TX, Methoquin-butyl + TX, Methoxyfenozide + TX, methyl apholate + TX, methyl bromide + TX, methyl eugenol + TX, methyl isothiocyanate + TX, methylneodecanamide + TX, methoxyfenozide + TX, methoxyfenozide + TX, chlorpyrifos + TX, methylbenzyl + TX, milbemime + TX, momfluorothrin + TX, morzid + TX, moxicritin + TX, muscalure + TX, Muscodoralbus 620 (NRRL registration number 30547) + TX, MuscodorRoseus A3-5 (NRRL Registration No. 30548) + TX, Varicella vesicatoria composition + TX, Sodium mancozeb + TX, NC-184 + TX, Neem-based products + TX, Neodiprion sertifer NPV and N. lecontei NPV + TX, Nickel di(dimethyldithiocarbamate) + TX, Niclosamide + TX, Niclosamide-ethanolamine + TX, Nicofluprole + TX, Acetaminophen + TX, Nitrothiamethoxam + TX, Trichloromethylpyridine + TX, Octadec-2,13-dien-1-yl acetate + TX, Octadec-3,13-dien-1-yl acetate + TX, Octadec-1-yl acetate + TX, Octadec-1-yl acetate + TX, Octadec-1-yl acetate + TX, Omethoate + TX, Orfralure + TX TX, *Symplocos spp.* + TX, *Oryctalure* aggregation pheromone + TX, *Ostamone* + TX, *Oxamate* + TX, *Cetoxam* + TX, *Oxazosulfyl* + TX, *Oxolanic acid* + TX, *Oxytetracycline* + TX, *Paecilomyces lilacinus* + TX, parathion-ethyl + TX, *Paecilomyces spp.* + TX, *Paecilomyces punctata* + TX, *Paecilomyces spp.* + TX, *Paecilomyces thornei* + TX, *Paecilomyces thornei* + TX, *Paecilomyces spp.* + TX, p-cymene + TX, penfluron + TX, pentachlorophenol + TX, permethrin + TX, phenoxybenzyl + TX, phorate + TX, phosphamidon + TX TX, phosphocarb + TX, Phytoseiulus persimilis + TX, picaridin + TX, pioxaniliprole + TX, piperazine + TX, piperidine + butyl ether + TX, pirimicarb + TX, pyrimidine phosphonate-ethyl + TX, pyrimidine phosphonate-methyl + TX, diamondback moth granulovirus + TX, diamondback moth nucleopolyhedrovirus + TX, polyhedrovirus + TX, potassium and molybdenum and EDTA chelated manganese + TX, potassium ethyl xanthate + TX, potassium hydroxyquinoline sulfate + TX, pyrimethanil + TX, thiamethoxam + TX, profenofos + TX, propoxur + TX, chlorfenapyr + TX, propoxur + TX, prothion + TX, protrifenbute + TX, pyflubumide +TX, pymetrozine + TX, pyrafluprole + TX, pyrethrum + TX, pyridaben + TX, acetamiprid + TX, pyridine-4-amine + TX, pyrifluquinazon + TX, pyriminostrobin + TX, pyriminostrobin + TX, pyrazosulfan [394730-71-3] + TX, pyrazosulfan + TX, fenvalerate + TX, QRD 420 (terpene blend) + TX, QRD 452 (terpene blend) + TX, QRD 460 (terpene blend) + TX, saponin + TX, quinoclamine + TX, quinonamid + TX, benzylfuran + TX, Rhodococcus globulus AQ719 (NRRL Registry No. B-21663) + TX, Sarolaner + TX, S-Bio-Allethrin + TX, Sebufos + TX, Silachlor + TX, Siglure + TX, Flumethrin + TX, Simazine + TX, Sodium Pentachlorophenate + TX, Sordidin + TX, Spidocamat + TX, Ethyl Spinosad + TX, Spinosad + TX, Spirobudifen + TX, Spirodiclofen + TX, Spirodiclofen + TX, Spirodiclofen + TX, Ethyl Methoxyfen + TX, Spirodiclofen + TX, Spodoptera exigua Multicapsid Nuclear Polyhedrosis Virus + TX, Fall Armyworm Nucleopolyhedrovirus + TX, Hairy Moth Nematode (Steinernema bibionis) + TX, Small Roller Nematode (Steinernema carpocapsae) + TX, Noctuid Nematode (Steinernema glaseri) + TX, Steinernema riobrave + TX, Steinernema riobravis + TX, Mole Cricket Nematode (Steinernema scapterisci) + TX, Species of the genus Steinernema (Steinernema spp.) + TX, Streptomyces galbus (NRRL Registry No. 30232) + TX, Species of the genus Streptomyces (NRRL Registry No. B-30145) + TX, Streptomycin + TX, Streptomycin Sesquisulfate +TX, Strychnine + TX, Sulcatol + TX, Sulfiflumin (CAS No.: 2377084-09-6) + TX, Sulfadiazine + TX, Tazimcarb + TX, Tebufenozide + TX, Pyridaben + TX, Tebupirimiphos + TX, Phosphatidylcholine + TX, Cypermethrin + TX, Dithion + TX, Tepa + TX, Terbam + TX, Terbufos + TX, Terpene Blend + TX, Tetrachlorantraniliprole + TX, Tetrachlorothiophene + TX, Tetradec-11-en-1-ylacetate + TX, Tetradiphon + TX, Pyrethroid + TX, Tetrafluthrin + TX, Acaricide + TX, Tetraazolidinamide + TX, θ-Cypermethrin + TX, Thiafenox + TX, Thiamethoxam + TX, Cypermethrin + TX, Dichlorvos + TX, Dichlorvos + TX, Thiohempa + TX, Thimerosal + TX, Ethylmethrin + TX, Insecticidal + TX, Topsin + TX, Carbendazim + TX, Thiophanate + TX, Tigranadine + TX, Tiragolaner + TX, Thionamide + TX, Tioxazafen + TX, Azoxystrobin + TX, Toxaphene + TX, Tetrabromopyrethrin + TX, Tetrafluthrin + TX, Tratamide + TX, Azoxystrobin + TX, Triazophos + TX, Triazophos + TX, Tributyltin Oxide + TX TX, trichlorfon + TX, phosmet + TX, trichlorphon + TX, Trichogramma species + TX, trifenmorph + TX, trifluenfuronate + TX, triflumezopyrim + TX, Mediterranean fruit fly attractant (trimedlure) + TX, Mediterranean fruit fly attractant A + TX, Mediterranean fruit fly attractant B1 + TX, Mediterranean fruit fly attractant B2 + TX, Mediterranean fruit fly attractant C + TX, trimethacarb + TX, triphenyltin acetate + TX, triphenyltin hydroxide + TX, trunc-call + TX, tyclopyrazoflor +TX, Typhlodromus occidentalis + TX, urethaneimine + TX, Verticillium lecanii + TX, Verticillium species + TX, xylenol + TX, YI-5302 + TX, zeatin + TX, ζ-cypermethrin + TX, N-[(1R)-1-benzyl-3-chloro-1-methyl-but-3-enyl]-8-fluoro-quinoline-3-carboxamide + TX, N-[(1S)-1-benzyl-3-chloro-1-methyl-but-3-enyl]-8-fluoro-quinoline-3-carboxamide + TX, N-ethyl-N'-[5-methoxy-2-methyl-4-[(2-trifluoromethyl)tetrahydrofuran-2-yl]phenyl]-N-methylformamidinium (these compounds can be prepared by the method described in WO2019 / 110427) + TX, (3',4',5'-trifluoro-biphenyl-2-yl)-amide + TX, (3-methylisoxazol-5-yl)-[4-[5-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]phenyl]methyl ketone (these compounds can be prepared according to the method described in WO2017 / 220485) + TX, (4-phenoxyphenyl)methyl 2-amino-6-methylpyridine-3-carboxylate (this compound can be prepared according to the method described in WO 2014 / 006945) + TX, (5-methyl-2-pyridyl)-[4-[5-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]phenyl]methyl ketone + TX, (7E,9Z)-dodecano-7,9-dien-1-yl acetate + TX, (9Z,11E)-tetradecano-9,11-dien-1-yl acetate + TX, (9Z,12E)-tetradecano-9,12-dien-1-yl acetate + TX, (E)-6-methylhept-2-en-4-ol + TX, (E)-dec-5-en-1-yl acetate and (E)-dec-5-en-1-ol + TX, (E)-tetrazol-4-en-1-yl acetate + TX, (E,Z)-tetradecano-4,10-dien-1-yl acetate + TX, (R)-3-(difluoromethyl)-1-methyl-N-[1,1,3-trimethylindan-4-yl]pyrazol-4-carboxamide + TX, (Z)-dodec-7-en-1-yl acetate + TX, (Z)-hexadec-11-en-1-yl acetate + TX, (Z)-hexadec-11-enal + TX, (Z)-hexadec-13-en-11-yn-1-yl acetate + TX, (Z)-eicos-13-en-10-one + TX, (Z)-tetradec-7-en-1-al + TX, (Z)-tetradec-9-en-1-ol + TX, (Z)-tetradec-9-en-1-yl acetate+TX、(Z,2E)-5-[1-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)pyrazol-3-yl]oxy-2-methoxyimino-N,3-dimethylpent-3-enamide (this compound can be prepared according to the method described in WO 2018 / 153707) +TX、(Z,2E)-5-[1-(4-chlorophenyl)pyrazol-3-yl]oxy-2-methoxyimino-N,3-dimethylpent-3-enamide+TX、[2-[3-[2-[1-[2-[3,5-bis(difluoromethyl)pyrazol-1-yl]acetyl]-4-piperidinyl]thiazolyl-4-yl]-4,5-dihydroisoxazol-5-yl]-3-chlorophenyl]methanesulfonate+ TX, 1-(4,5-dimethylbenzimidazol-1-yl)-4,4,5-trifluoro-3,3-dimethyl-isoquinoline + TX, 1-(4,5-dimethylbenzimidazol-1-yl)-4,4-difluoro-3,3-dimethyl-isoquinoline + TX, 1-(6,7-dimethylpyrazolo[1,5-a]pyridin-3-yl)-4,4,5-trifluoro-3,3-dimethyl-isoquinoline + TX, 1-(6,7-dimethylpyrazolo[1,5-a]pyridin-3-yl)-4,4,6-trifluoro-3,3-dimethyl-isoquinoline + TX, 1-(6-chloro-7-methylpyrazolo[1,5-a]pyridin-3-yl)-4,4-difluoro-3,3-dimethyl-isoquinoline (these compounds can be detected by WO (Prepared by the method described in 2017 / 025510) + TX, 1,1-bis(4-chlorophenyl)-2-ethoxyethanol + TX, 1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis(4-ethylphenyl)ethane + TX, 1,2-dibromo-3-chloropropane + TX, 1,2-dichloropropane and 1,3-dichloropropene + TX, 1,3-dichloropropene + TX, 1,3-dimethoxy-1-[[4-[5-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]phenyl]methyl]urea + TX, 1-[2-[[1-(4-chlorophenyl)pyrazol-3-yl]oxymethyl]-3-methyl-phenyl]-4-methyl-tetrazole-5-one + TX, 10-dien-1-yl acetate + TX, 14-methyloctadec-1-ene + TX, 1-bromo-2-chloroethane + TX, 1-Dichloro-1-nitroethane + TX, 1-hydroxy-1H-pyridine-2-thione + TX, 1-methoxy-3-methyl-1-[[4-[5-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]phenyl]methyl]urea + TX, 1-methyl-4-[3-methyl-2-[[2-methyl-4-(3,4,5-trimethylpyrazol-1-yl)phenoxy]methyl]phenyl]tetrazole-5-one + TX, 2-(difluoromethyl)-N-((3R)-1,1,3-trimethylindan-4-yl)pyridine-3-carboxamide +TX, 2-(difluoromethyl)-N-((3R)-1,1,3-trimethylindan-4-yl)pyridine-3-carboxamide + TX, 2-(1,3-dithiopentane-2-yl)phenyl dimethyl carbamate + TX, 2-(2-butoxyethoxy)ethyl piperine + TX, 2-(2-butoxyethoxy)ethyl thiocyanate + TX, 2-(4,5-dimethyl-1,3-dioxolane-2-yl)phenyl methyl carbamate + TX, 2-(4-chloro-3,5-dimethylmethyl)ethanol + TX, 2-(difluoromethyl)-N-(3-ethyl-1,1-dimethyl-indan-4-yl)pyridine-3-carboxamide + TX, 2-(difluoromethyl)-N-[(3R)-3-ethyl-1,1-dimethyl-indan-4-yl]pyridine-3-carboxamide + TX, 2-(difluoromethyl)-N-[(3S)-3-ethyl-1,1-dimethyl-indane-4-yl]pyridine-3-carboxamide (this compound can be prepared according to the method described in WO 2014 / 095675) + TX, 2-(difluoromethyl)-N-[3-ethyl-1,1-dimethyl-indane-4-yl]pyridine-3-carboxamide + TX, 2-(octylthio)ethanol + TX, 2,2,2-trichloro-1-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)ethyl acetate + TX, 2,2-dichlorovinyl-2-ethylsulfinyl ethylmethyl phosphate + TX, 2,2-difluoro-N-methyl-2-[4-[5-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]phenyl]acetamide + TX, 2,4-dichlorophenylbenzenesulfonate + TX, 2,6-dimethyl-1H,5H-[1,4]dithiacyclohexadien[2,3-c:5,6-c']dipyrrole-1,3,5,7(2H,6H)-tetraone (this compound can be prepared by the method described in WO 2011 / 138281) + TX, 2-[2-fluoro-6-[(8-fluoro-2-methyl-3-quinolinyl)oxy]phenyl]prop-2-ol + TX, 2-[6-(4-bromophenoxy)-2-(trifluoromethyl)-3-pyridyl]-1-(1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)prop-2-ol (this compound can be prepared by the method described in WO 2017 / 029179) + TX, 2-[6-(4-chlorophenoxy)-2-(trifluoromethyl)-3-pyridyl]-1-(1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)prop-2-ol (this compound can be prepared by the method described in WO 2017 / 029179) + TX, 2-chlorovinyl diethyl phosphate + TX, 2-fluoro-N-methyl-N-1-naphthylacetamide + TX, 2-imidazolidineone + TX, 2-isovalerylindan-1,3-dione + TX, 2-methyl(prop-2-ynyl)aminophenyl methylcarbamate +TX, 2-oxo-N-propyl-2-[4-[5-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]phenyl]acetamide (this compound can be prepared according to the method described in WO 2018 / 065414) + TX, 2-thiocyanoethyl laurate + TX, 3-(4,4-difluoro-3,3-dimethyl-1-isoquinolinyl)-7,8-dihydro-6H-cyclopentano[e]benzimidazole (these compounds can be prepared according to the method described in WO2016 / 156085) + TX, 3-(4,4-difluoro-3,4-dihydro-3,3-dimethylisoquinolin-1-yl)quinolinone + TX, 3-(4-chlorophenyl)-5-methylrhodanine + TX, 3-(difluoromethyl)-1-methyl-N-[1,1,3-trimethylindan-4-yl]pyrazol-4-carboxamide + TX, 3,4-dichlorotetrahydrothiophene 1,1-dioxide + TX, 3-[2-(1-chlorocyclopropyl)-3-(2-fluorophenyl)-2-hydroxypropyl]imidazol-4-carboxylonitrile (this compound can be prepared by the method described in WO 2016 / 156290) + TX, 3-[2-(1-chlorocyclopropyl)-3-(3-chloro-2-fluorophenyl)-2-hydroxypropyl]imidazol-4-carboxylonitrile (this compound can be prepared by the method described in WO 2016 / 156290) + TX, 3-bromo-1-chloroprop-1-ene + TX, 3-chloro-6-methyl-5-phenyl-4-(2,4,6-trifluorophenyl)pyridazine + TX, 3-difluoromethyl-1-methyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxylic acid + TX, 3-ethyl-1-methoxy-1-[[4-[5-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]phenyl]methyl]urea + TX, 3-methyl-1-phenylpyrazole-5-yl dimethylcarbamate + TX, 4-(2-bromo-4-fluorophenyl)-N-(2-chloro-6-fluorophenyl)-1,3-dimethyl-1H-pyrazole-5-amine + TX, 4-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-6-methyl-5-phenylpyridazine-3-carboxylonitrile + TX, 4-(2-bromo-4-fluorophenyl)-N-(2-chloro-6-fluorophenyl)-2,5-dimethyl-pyrazole-3-amine + TX, 4-(quinoxalo-2-ylamino)benzenesulfonamide + TX, 4,4-difluoro-1-(5-fluoro-4-methyl-benzimidazol-1-yl)-3,3-dimethyl-isoquinoline + TX, 4,4-difluoro-3,3-dimethyl-1-(6-methylpyrazolo[1,5-a]pyridin-3-yl)isoquinoline + TX, 4,4-difluoro-3,3-dimethyl-1-(7-methylpyrazolo[1,5-a]pyridin-3-yl)isoquinoline + TX, 4,4-dimethyl-2-[[4-[5-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]phenyl]methyl]isooxazolidine-3-one +TX, 4-[[6-[2-(2,4-difluorophenyl)-1,1-difluoro-2-hydroxy-3-(1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)propyl]-3-pyridyl]oxy]benzonitrile + TX, 4-[[6-[2-(2,4-difluorophenyl)-1,1-difluoro-2-hydroxy-3-(5-thioalkyl-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)propyl]-3-pyridyl]oxy]benzonitrile + TX, 4-[[6-[2-(2,4-difluorophenyl)-1,1-difluoro-2-hydroxy-3-(5-thio-4H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)propyl]-3-pyridyl]oxy]benzonitrile + TX, 4-chloro-2-(2-chloro-2-methyl-propyl)-5-[(6-iodo-3-pyridyl)methoxy]pyridazin-3-one + TX, 4-chlorophenylsulfone + TX, 4-methyl(prop-2-ynyl)amino-3,5-dimethylmethylcarbamate + TX, 4-methylnon-5-ol and 4-methylnon-5-one + TX, 5-(1,3-benzodioxane-5-yl)-3-hexylcyclohex-2-enone + TX, 5,5-dimethyl-2-[[4-[5-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]phenyl]methyl]isoxazolidine-3-one + TX, 5,5-dimethyl-3-oxocyclohex-1-enyldimethylcarbamate + TX, 5-amino-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-thiol zinc salt (2:1) + TX, 5-methyl-6-thio-1,3,5-thiadiazinyl-3-ylacetic acid + TX, 6-chloro-3-(3-cyclopropyl-2-fluoro-phenoxy)-N-[2-(2,4-dimethylphenyl)-2,2-difluoro-ethyl]-5-methyl-pyridazin-4-carboxamide (prepared according to the method described in WO 2020 / 109391) + TX, 6-chloro-3-(3-cyclopropyl-2-fluoro-phenoxy)-N-[2-(3,4-dimethylphenyl)-2,2-difluoro-ethyl]-5-methyl-pyridazin-4-carboxamide (prepared according to the method described in WO 2020 / 109391) + TX, 6-chloro-4,4-difluoro-3,3-dimethyl-1-(4-methylbenzimidazol-1-yl)isoquinoline + TX, 6-chloro-N-[2-(2-chloro-4-methyl-phenyl)-2,2-difluoro-ethyl]-3-(3-cyclopropyl-2-fluoro-phenoxy)-5-methyl-pyridazine-4-carboxamide (preparable according to the method described in WO 2020 / 109391) + TX, 6-ethyl-5,7-dioxo-pyrrolo[4,5][1,4]dithiacyclohexadieno[1,2-c]isothiazolyl-3-carboxynitrile + TX, 6-isopenteneaminopurine + TX, 8-fluoro-N-[(1R)-1-[(3-fluorophenyl)methyl]-1,3-dimethyl-butyl]quinoline-3-carboxamide +TX, 8-fluoro-N-[(1S)-1-[(3-fluorophenyl)methyl]-1,3-dimethyl-butyl]quinoline-3-carboxamide + TX, 8-hydroxyquinoline sulfate + TX, housefly phosphonate + TX, acetamiprid + TX, activated ester + TX, activated ester-S-methyl + TX, acrylonitrile + TX, cotton brown belt moth GV + TX, Agrobacterium radioduran + TX, aldicarb + TX, aldrin + TX, azoxystrobin + TX, chlorpyrifos + TX, α-chlorool + TX, α-ecdysterone + TX, α-polystyramine + TX, aluminum phosphide + TX, amblycetamol species + TX, amectotractin + TX, azoxystrobin + TX, cyproconazole + TX, phosphonothrin + TX, chlorpyrifos + TX, aminopyrifen +TX, Indazole + TX, Ammonium phosphate + TX, Ammonium phosphate oxalate + TX, Amitraz + TX, Neonicotinic acid + TX, Celery cutworm NPV + TX, Pyrimidine + TX, Dimethoate + TX, Anisiflupurin + TX, Anthraquinone + TX, Antoxin + TX, Short-spur aphid wasp + TX, Cotton aphid parasitic wasp + TX, Aphid gall midge + TX, Azoxystrobin + TX, Acaricide + TX, Arsenic trioxide + TX, Ethyl chlorpyrifos + TX, Alfalfa silver-striped cutworm NPV + TX, Azaconazole + TX, Methylpyridinium + TX, Azobenzene + TX, Azophos + TX, Azoxystrobin + TX, Bacillus spheroides + TX, Bacillus thuringiensis δ-endotoxin + TX, Barium carbonate + TX, Barium hexafluorosilicate + TX, Barium polysulfide + TX, Pyrethrum + TX, Bayer 22 / 190 + TX, Bayer 22408 + TX, Beauveria bassiana + TX, Benzopyr + TX, Benzyl + TX, Benzothiamethoxam + TX, Benzopyr + TX, Benzopyr + TX, Benzyl benzoate + TX, β-Cypermethrin + TX, β-Cypermethrin + TX, Cypermethrin + TX, Benzyl + TX, Benzylpyrethrin + TX, Bis(2-chloroethyl) ether + TX, Bis(tributyltin) oxide + TX, Pyrazosulfuron + TX, Dimethoate + TX, Bifenthrin + TX, Bifenthrin + TX, Bacillus thuringiensis S + TX, Borax + TX, Bordeaux mixture + TX, boscalid + TX, bark beetle sex pheromone + TX, bromadiolone + TX, deltamethrin + TX, bromadiolone+ TX, Bromophos + TX, Bromophenylenephos + TX, Bromoacetamide + TX, Bromoxacrine + TX, Bromo-DDT + TX, Bromothion + TX, Bromodimethalin + TX, Fenoxacrylamide + TX, Bromonitroxan + TX, Dimethomorph + TX, Ethylpyrimethanil Sulfonate + TX, Thiazide + TX, Busulfan + TX, But-3-yynyl N-[6-[[(Z)-[(1-methyltetrazole-5-yl)-phenylmethylene]amino]oxymethyl]-2-pyridyl]carbamate + TX, Butyroxyfen + TX, Terpyrimethanil + TX, Butyl ketone + TX, Butyl ester + TX, DEET + TX, Butoxy(polypropylene glycol) + TX, Butyl ketone sulfonate + TX, Pyridaben + TX, Calcium arsenate + TX, Calcium cyanide + TX, Calcium polysulfide + TX, Toxaphene + TX, Difenoconazole + TX, Captan + TX, Chlorfenapyr + TX, Carbendazim + TX, Carbon Disulfide + TX, Carbon Tetrachloride + TX, Trithion + TX, Carboxin + TX, Bataan Insecticide + TX, CAS No.: 2132414-04-9 + TX, CAS No.: 2344721-61-3 + TX, Servadine + TX, Acaricide + TX, Chloroxyfen + TX, Acaricide + TX, Borneol + TX, Chlordane + TX, Decachlor + TX, Amitraz + TX, Amitraz Hydrochloride + TX, Spirochlore + TX, Acaricide + TX, Difenoconazole + TX, Difenoconazole + TX, Ethyl Acetate + TX, Chloroform + TX, Chlorindole + TX, Chlorfenapyr + TX, Diflubenzuron + TX, Chlorpyrifos + TX TX, Chloropicrin + TX, Propylestera + TX, Chlorothalonil + TX, Chlorpyrifos + TX, Chlorprophos + TX, Chlorfenapyr + TX, Ethiophanate-methyl + TX, Cholecalcidol + TX, Green Vein Golden Eye Fly + TX, Ciprofloxacin I + TX, Ciprofloxacin II + TX, Ciprofloxacin + TX, Cis-Benzothrin + TX, Cis-Pyrethrum + TX, Trifluralin + TX, Chlorfenapyr + TX, Cod Moth Pheromone + TX, Dodecadienol + TX, Copper Arsenite Acetate + TX, Copper Arsenate + TX, Copper Octanoate + TX, Copper Hydroxide + TX, Copper Naphthenate + TX, Copper Oleate Soap + TX, Copper Oxide + TX, Copper Oxide + TX, Copper Sulfate + TX, Chlorpyrifos + TX, Warfarin + TX, Chlorpyrifos + TX, Flyphosate + TX, rodenticide + TX, fenvalerate + TX, phosmet + TX, eugenol + TX, cresol + TX, rodenticide + TX, clomiphene + TX, butenylphosphide + TX, phosmet + TX, cryolite+ TX, *Cryptospira moniliformis* + TX, CS 708 + TX, *Fungi moniliformis* attractant + TX, thiophanate-methyl fungicide + TX, benzoyl permethrin + TX, chlorpyrifos + TX, phosmet + TX, cyazofamid + TX, cyclobutyronitrile + TX, pyrethrum + TX, trifluralin + TX, codling moth granulovirus + TX, cycloflufenicol + TX, methyl parathion + TX, cymoxanil + TX, cyproconazole + TX, pyrimethanil + TX, phosmet + TX, cymoxanil + TX, cymoxanil + TX, cymoxanil + TX, cymoxanil + TX, Siberian valerate wasp + TX, DAEP + TX, dazomet + TX, DCIP + TX, DCPM + TX, DDT + TX, imidacloprid + TX, methyl furadan + TX, phosmet + TX, phosmet-O + TX, phosmet-S + TX, Methionine-methyl + TX, Methionine-O + TX, Methionine-O-methyl + TX, Methionine-S + TX, Methionine-S-methyl + TX, Methionine-S-methyl sulfone + TX, Dichlorvos + TX, Carbendazim + TX, Dibutyl Phthalate + TX, Dibutyl Succinate + TX, Isochlorpyrifos + TX, Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid + TX, Methionine + TX, Bacteriostatic Agent + TX, Dichloronaphthoquinone + TX, Diclofenac + TX, Dichlorvos + TX, Sclerotinia + TX, Didicophos + TX, Diclofenac + TX, Pyridaben + TX, Chlornithine + TX, Dichlorvos + TX, Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid + TX, Dicyclopentadiene + TX, Dildrin + TX, Acaricide + TX, Ethylcarbamide + TX TX, 5-methylpyrazol-3-yl phosphate diethyl ester + TX, DEET + TX, methamidophos + TX, difenoconazole + TX, thiamethoxam + TX, flufenoxuron + TX, pea leafminer wasp + TX, dilor + TX, dimatif + TX, tetrafluoromethrin + TX, methamidophos + TX, dimethomorph + TX, permethrin + TX, mosquito repellent + TX, dimethyl phthalate + TX, methyl chlorpyrifos + TX, difenoconazole + TX, fenpropathrin + TX, difenoconazole-dexamethasone + TX, tebuconazole + TX, difenoconazole-4 + TX, difenoconazole-6 + TX, difenoconazole + TX, amyl nitrate + TX, nitropropoxyl + TX, pendimethalin + TX, dichlorophen + TX, nitroglycerin acaricide + TX, nitrobutyl ester + TX, benzyl ether + TX, salicylphosphine + TX, dichlorvos + TX, chlorpyrifos + TX, diphenyl sulfone+ TX, Thiamethoxam + TX, Disulfiram + TX, Epi-nonadecane + TX, Dithiocarbamate + TX, Dicyandioxanone + TX, Thiamethoxam + TX, Dinitrocresol + TX, Dodecano-8-en-1-ylacetate + TX, Dodecano-9-en-1-ylacetate + TX, Dodecano-8 + TX, Moxamethylenetetramine + TX, Dodecyl + TX, Doxorubicin + TX, Phenoxypropyne + TX, Dominocarboxamide + TX, Doramectin + TX, DSP + TX, D-cypermethrin + TX, Ecdysterone + TX, Kefensan + TX, EI 1642 + TX, EMPC + TX, Encarsia formosa + TX, Herbadox + TX, Indomethacin + TX, Enstroburin + TX, Enoxastrobin + TX, EPBP + TX, Flutriafol + TX, Epramycin + TX, Aphidida albicans + TX, Calcium alcohol + TX, Etaphos + TX, Thiazolamide + TX, Insecticidal + TX, Ethiophanate-methyl + TX, Phosphine + TX, 1-[[4-[(Z)-2-ethoxy-3,3,3-trifluoro-prop-1-enoxy]phenyl]methyl]pyrazole-3-carboxylic acid ethyl ester (preparable according to the method described in WO 2020 / 056090) + TX, 1-[[4-[[2-(trifluoromethyl)-1,3-dioxolane-2-yl]methoxy]phenyl]methyl]pyrazole-3-carboxylic acid ethyl ester (preparable according to the method described in WO 2020 / 056090) + TX TX, 1-[[4-[5-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]phenyl]methyl]pyrazole-4-carboxylate ethyl ester + TX, 1-[[5-[5-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]-2-thienyl]methyl]pyrazole-4-carboxylate ethyl ester (this compound can be prepared by the method described in WO 2018 / 158365) + TX, 4-methyloctanoate ethyl ester + TX, ethyl formate + TX, DEET + TX, dibromoethane + TX, dichloroethane + TX, ethylene oxide + TX, tebuconazole + TX, ethirimol + TX, eugenol + TX, EXD + TX, oxadiazon + TX, farnesol + TX, farnesol and nerolidol + TX, imidacloprid + TX, dexamethasone + TX, tebuconazole + TX TX, chlorpyrimethanil + TX, abamectin + TX, cyproconazole + TX, fenbutatin + TX, phosmet + TX, ethylcarbamide + TX, mefenoxam + TX, cyclophosphamide + TX, fenitrothion + TX, fenthiocarb + TX, oxypyrimidine + TX, isoprothiolane + TX, benzylpyrrole +TX, pyridaben + TX, pyrimethanil + TX, benzyl + TX, butylmorph + TX, pyridaben + TX, sulfadiazine + TX, bamectin + TX, fenpyroximate + TX, fenpyroximate + TX, fenpyroximate + TX, ethyl fenpyroximate + TX, triphenyltin + TX, fentriyl + TX, dimethylaminoferric sulfate + TX, pyraclostrobin + TX, ferric phosphate + TX, fludioxonil + TX, pyridaben + TX, fluazinam + TX, fluazinam + TX, fludioxonil + TX, fludioxonil + TX, fludioxonil + TX, fludioxonil + TX, fludioxonil + TX, fludioxonil + TX, fludioxonil + TX, fludioxonil + TX, fludioxonil + TX, fludioxonil + TX, fludioxonil + TX, fludioxonil + TX, fludioxonil + TX, fludioxonil + TX, fludioxonil + TX, fludioxonil + TX TX, Fluopyram + TX, Fluopyram + TX, Flufenoxam + TX, Fluoroacetamide + TX, Fluoxadiazon + TX, Fluoxadiazon + TX, Fluoxadiazon + TX, Fluoxadiazon + TX, Fluoxadiazon + TX, Fluoxadiazon + TX, Fluquinazole + TX, Flusilazole + TX, Sulfocarb + TX, Fluoxadiazon + TX, Fluoxadiazon + TX, Fluoxadiazon + TX, Tebuconazole + TX, Fluoxadiazon + TX, FMC 1137 + TX, Captan + TX, Formaldehyde + TX, Amitraz + TX, Amitraz Hydrochloride + TX, Acaricide + TX, Acaricide + TX, Aluminum Tris(ethylphosphonate) + TX, Butylthion + TX, Forspray + TX, Butylthion + TX, Southern Pine Bark Borer Attractant + TX, Furanyl Benzimidazole + TX, Furazolidone + TX, furazolidone + TX, furazolidone + TX, pyrethrum + TX, furfural + TX, γ-HCH + TX, chlorophenanthrene + TX, pheromone mixture + TX, cotton weevil pheromone I + TX, cotton weevil pheromone II + TX, cotton weevil pheromone III + TX, cotton weevil pheromone IV + TX, biguanide salt + TX, biguanide octanoic acid salt + TX, benzylpyrrolidone + TX, HCH + TX, hexamethonium + TX, hexamethonium + TX, HEOD + TX, heptachlor + TX, phosmet + TX, *Heterobacter oryzae* and *Heterobacter macrocarbazin* + TX, hexaconazole + TX, cetylcyclopropane carboxylate + TX, red larvae pheromone + TX, hexamide + TX, HHDN + TX, *Aggregatum long-legged ladybug* + TX, mercaptophenone + TX, quicklime + TX, hydrogen cyanide + TX, hymexazol + TX, quinoline + TX, imanin + TX, imazalil + TX, imidazole + TX, biguanidine octylamine + TX, indapoxetine+ TX, styraclostrobin + TX, isofenzin + TX, isofenzin + TX, isoprothiolane + TX, isofenzin + TX, valvacarb + TX, terbufos + TX, terbufos + TX, IPSP + TX, isamidophos + TX, chlorpyrifos + TX, chlorpyrifos + TX, carbapenem + TX, methamidophos + TX, isofenzin + TX, isofenzin + TX, isofenzin + TX, isofenzin + TX, isofenzin + TX, pyraclostrobin + TX, isofenzin + TX, isoxazophos + TX, jasmin + TX, jasminoidin I + TX, jasminoidin II + TX, iodophos + TX, juvenile hormone I + TX, juvenile hormone II + TX, juvenile hormone III + TX, thiamethoxam + TX, kasugamycin + TX, kasugamycin hydrochloride hydrate + TX, claven + TX, kinetin + TX, acetamiprid + TX, azoxystrobin + TX, lead arsenate + TX, scale insect wasp + TX, bromoxynil + TX, lindane + TX, trimethyldioxane nonane + TX, acetamiprid + TX, noctuid moth pheromone (litlure) + TX, white spot noctuid moth pheromone + TX, Rubenmician + TX, thiamethoxam + TX, dark long-spined mirid bug + TX, magnesium phosphide + TX, propiconazole + TX, cabbage noctuid moth NPV + TX, mancozeb + TX, mancozeb + TX, mandelbrot + TX, dimethomorph + TX, mancozeb + TX, azidophos + TX, isoprocarb + TX, pirimicarb + TX, methyl methamidophos + TX, phosmet + TX, chlorfluazuron + TX, metoprolol + TX, pyraclostrobin + TX, chlorfluazuron + TX, dithiamethoxam + TX, basilyl + TX, mercuric oxide + TX, mercurous chloride + TX, thiophanate-methyl + TX, thiophanate-methyl sulfoxide + TX, metalaxyl + TX, thiophanate-methyl + TX, thiophanate-methyl potassium salt + TX, thiophanate-methyl + TX, aphid wasp + TX, Metarhizium anisopliae (a type of beetle) + TX, Metarhizium anisopliae (a type of beetle) Microsporum (a type of beetle) + TX, metarylpicoxamid + TX, hydroxyzine + TX, methyl thiophanate + TX, chlorfenapyr + TX, methyl sulfonyl fluoride + TX, sulfonamide + TX, thiophanate-methyl + TX, methamidophos + TX, tebufenozide + TX, quinoline carboxylate + TX, methoxyphen ...TX, (Z)-2-(5-cyclopentyl-2-methyl-phenoxy)-3-methoxy-prop-2-enoic acid methyl ester (these compounds can be prepared according to the method described in WO 2020 / 193387) + TX, (Z)-2-[5-(3-isopropylpyrazol-1-yl)-2-methyl-phenoxy]-3-methoxy-prop-2-enoic acid methyl ester + TX, (Z)-3-methoxy-2-[2-methyl-5-(3-propylpyrazol-1-yl)phenoxy]prop-2-enoic acid methyl ester + TX, (Z)-3-methoxy-2-[2-methyl-5-(4-propyltriazol-2-yl)phenoxy]prop-2-enoic acid methyl ester + TX, methyl (Z)-3-methoxy-2-[2-methyl-5-[3-(trifluoromethyl)pyrazol-1-yl]phenoxy]prop-2-enoate (these compounds can be prepared according to the method described in WO 2020 / 079111) + TX, methyl (Z)-3-methoxy-2-[2-methyl-5-[4-(trifluoromethyl)triazol-2-yl]phenoxy]prop-2-enoate + TX, methyl apalonate + TX, methyl bromide + TX, methoxyfenone + TX, methyl isothiocyanate + TX, N-[[4-[1-(2,6-difluoro-4-isopropyl-phenyl)pyrazol-4-yl]-2-methyl-phenyl]methyl]carbamate (can be prepared according to the method described in WO 2020 / 097012) + TX, N-[[4-[1-(4-cyclopropyl-2,6-difluorophenyl)pyrazol-4-yl]-2-methylphenyl]methyl]carbamate (prepared according to the method described in WO 2020 / 097012) + TX, N-[[5-[4-(2,4-dimethylphenyl)triazol-2-yl]-2-methylphenyl]methyl]carbamate + TX, methyl chloroform + TX, dichloromethane + TX, methyl neodecanoamide + TX, mancozeb + TX, cymoxanil + TX, phenoxyacetic acid + TX, oxadixyl + TX, benomyl + TX, tetrazolium + TX, MGK 264 + TX, milbimethoxam oxime + TX, propanil + TX, methamidophos + TX, phosmet + TX, phosmet + TX, morzid + TX, moxifloxacin + TX TX, housefly pheromone + TX, cyazofamid + TX, mefenoxam + TX, *Lysimachia christinae* composition + TX, N-((1R)-1-benzyl-3-chloro-1-methyl-but-3-enyl)-8-fluoro-quinoline-3-carboxamide (these compounds can be prepared according to the method described in WO 2017 / 153380) + TX, N-((1S)-1-benzyl-3-chloro-1-methyl-but-3-enyl)-8-fluoro-quinoline-3-carboxamide (these compounds can be prepared according to the method described in WO 2017 / 153380) +TX, N'-(2,5-dimethyl-4-phenoxy-phenyl)-N-ethyl-N-methyl-formamidin + TX, N'-(2-chloro-5-methyl-4-phenoxy-phenyl)-N-ethyl-N-methyl-formamidin + TX, N,2-dimethoxy-N-[[4-[5-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]phenyl]methyl]propionamide + TX, N,N-dimethyl-1-[[4-[5-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]phenyl]methyl]-1,2,4-triazol-3-amine (these compounds can be prepared according to the methods described in WO 2017 / 055473, WO 2017 / 055469, WO 2017 / 093348 and WO 2017 / 118689) + TX, N-[(1R)-1-benzyl-1,3-dimethyl-butyl]-7,8-difluoro-quinoline-3-carboxamide + TX, N-[(1R)-1-benzyl-1,3-dimethyl-butyl]-8-fluoro-quinoline-3-carboxamide + TX, N-[(1R)-1-benzyl-3,3,3-trifluoro-1-methyl-propyl]-8-fluoro-quinoline-3-carboxamide + TX, N-[(1S)-1-benzyl-1,3-dimethyl-butyl]-7,8-difluoro-quinoline-3-carboxamide + TX, N-[(1S)-1-benzyl-1,3-dimethyl-butyl]-8-fluoro-quinoline-3-carboxamide + TX, N-[(1S)-1-benzyl-3,3,3-trifluoro-1-methyl-propyl]-8-fluoro-quinoline-3-carboxamide + TX, N-[(E)-methoxyiminomethyl]-4-[5-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]benzamide + TX, N-[(Z)-methoxyiminomethyl]-4-[5-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]benzamide + TX, N-[[4-[5-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]phenyl]methyl]propionamide + TX, N-[2-[2,4-dichlorophenoxy]phenyl]-3-(difluoromethyl)-1-methyl-pyrazole-4-carboxamide + TX, N-[2-[2-chloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy]phenyl]-3-(difluoromethyl)-1-methyl-pyrazole-4-carboxamide + TX, N'-[2-chloro-4-(2-fluorophenoxy)-5-methyl-phenyl]-N-ethyl-N-methyl-formamidin (this compound can be prepared according to the method described in WO 2016 / 202742) + TX, N'-[4-(4,5-dichlorothiazol-2-yl)oxy-2,5-dimethyl-phenyl]-N-ethyl-N-methyl-formamidin + TX, N'-[5-bromo-2-methyl-6-(1-methyl-2-propoxy-ethoxy)-3-pyridyl]-N-ethyl-N-methyl-formamidin +TX, N'-[5-bromo-2-methyl-6-(1-methyl-2-propoxy-ethoxy)-3-pyridyl]-N-isopropyl-N-methyl-formamidin (these compounds can be prepared according to the method described in WO 2015 / 155075) + TX, N'-[5-bromo-2-methyl-6-(2-propoxypropoxy)-3-pyridyl]-N-ethyl-N-methyl-formamidin (this compound can be prepared according to the method described in IPCOM000249876D) + TX, N'-[5-bromo-2-methyl-6-[(1R)-1-methyl-2-propoxy-ethoxy]-3-pyridyl]-N-ethyl-N-methyl-formamidin + TX, N'-[5-bromo-2-methyl-6-[(1S)-1-methyl-2-propoxy-ethoxy]-3-pyridyl]-N-ethyl-N-methyl-formamidin + TX, N'-[5-chloro-2-methyl-6-(1-methyl-2-propoxy-ethoxy)-3-pyridyl]-N-ethyl-N-methyl-formamidin + TX, N-[N-methoxy-C-methyl-carboimino]-4-[5-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]benzamide (these compounds can be prepared by the method described in WO 2018 / 202428) + TX, N'-[4-(1-cyclopropyl-2,2,2-trifluoro-1-hydroxy-ethyl)-5-methoxy-2-methyl-phenyl]-N-isopropyl-N-methyl-formamidin (these compounds can be prepared by the method described in WO2018 / 228896) + TX, sodium mancozeb + TX, naphthalenephosphide + TX, dibromophosphide + TX, naphthalene + TX, NC-170 + TX, European pine sawfly NPV and red pine sawfly NPV + TX, nerolidol + TX, N-ethyl-2-methyl-N-[[4-[5-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]phenyl]methyl]propionamide + TX, N-ethyl-N'-[5-methoxy-2-methyl-4-[(2-trifluoromethyl)oxetane-2-yl]phenyl]-N-methyl-formamidin + TX, bis(dimethyldithiocarbamate)nickel + TX, molluscicide ethanolamine salt + TX, nicotine + TX, nicotine sulfate + TX, flufenoxuron + TX, huaguangmycin + TX, N-isopropyl-N'-[5-methoxy-2-methyl-4-(2,2,2-trifluoro-1-hydroxy-1-phenyl-ethyl)phenyl]-N-methyl-formamidin + TX, nitrazepam + TX, trichloromethylpyridine + TX, pendimethalin + TX, pendimethalin 1:1 zinc chloride complex + TX, phthalimide + TX, N-methoxy-N-[[4-[5-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]phenyl]methyl]cyclopropaneformamide +TX, N-methyl-4-[5-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]benzamide + TX, N-methyl-4-[5-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]benzylthioamide + TX, Gluconazole + TX, Fluoropyrimidine + TX, O,O,O',O'-Tetrapropyldithiopyrophosphate + TX, Octadec-2,13-dien-1-ylacetate + TX, Octadec-3,13-dien-1-ylacetate + TX, Octylisothiazolidinone + TX, Furuliamide + TX, Oleic acid + TX, Omethoate + TX, Pear fruit moth pheromone + TX, Small flower bug species + TX, Rhinoceros beetle aggregation pheromone + TX, Oxime ether + TX, Filacon + TX, Oxysulfuron + TX, Gluconazole + TX, Gluconazole + TX, oxazone + TX, fluthiazopyrone + TX, quinoline copper + TX, oxaconic acid + TX, phosmet + TX, isosulfanilamide + TX, sulfonyl phosphonate + TX, oxytetracycline + TX, paclobutrazol + TX, Paecilomyces roximate + TX, p-dichlorobenzene + TX, parathion + TX, methyl parathion + TX, isoprothiolane + TX, tebuconazole + TX, pendimethalin + TX, fluopyram + TX, flufenoxuron + TX, pentachlorophenol + TX, pentachlorophenyl laurate + TX, pyraclostrobin + TX, dichlorvos + TX, pH 60-38 + TX, cyazofamid + TX, fenthion + TX, phosphamidon + TX, phosphamidon + TX, chlorpyrifos + TX, thiocyclam + TX, glyphosate + TX, parachlorpyrifos + TX, phosphamidon + TX, phosphamidon + TX, phosphine ligand + TX, Phosphorus + TX, Methyl phoxim + TX, Phenythiophthalamide + TX, Phytoseione gardica + TX, Tetraazolidin + TX, Picaridin + TX, Azoxystrobin + TX, Warfarin + TX, Piperazine + TX, Synergistic ether + TX, Synergistic aldehyde + TX, Pirimetaphos + TX, Polychlorinated dicyclopentadiene isomer + TX, Polychlorinated terpenes + TX, Liuyangmycin + TX, Polyoxin + TX, Potassium arsenite + TX, Potassium ethyl xanthate + TX, Potassium hydroxyquinoline sulfate + TX, Potassium thiocyanate + TX, pp'-DDT + TX, Precozid I + TX, Precozid II + TX, Precozid III + TX, Aminopyrimidine + TX, Allylisothiazol + TX, Prochloraz + TX, Prochloraz + TX, Iprodione + TX, propiconazole + TX, pymetrozine + TX, cymoxanil + TX, propiconazole + TX, propineb + ​​TX, propineb + ​​TX, propiconazole + TX, propiconazole + TX, propyl isomer + TX, propoxyquin +TX, ethizophos + TX, prothioconazole + TX, prothioconazole + TX, fruiting + TX, fluopyram + TX, azoxystrobin + TX, azoxystrobin + TX, azoxystrobin + TX, azoxystrobin + TX, pyrethroid + TX, pyraclostrobin + TX, difenoconazole + TX, pyrethroid + TX, pyrethroid I + TX, pyrethroid II + TX, pyrethroid + TX, pyraclostrobin + TX, pyridaben + TX, pyridaben + TX, pyridaben + TX, pyridaben + TX, pyridaben + TX, pyridaben + TX, pyridaben + TX, pyridaben + TX, pyridaben + TX, pyridaben + TX, pyridaben + TX, pyridaben + TX, pyridaben + TX, pyridaben + TX, pyridaben + TX, pyridaben + TX, pyridaben + TX, pyridaben + TX, pyridaben + TX, pyridaben + TX, pyridaben + TX, pyridaben + TX, pyridaben + TX, pyridaben + TX, pyridaben + TX TX, quinclorac + TX, quinoline + TX, quinothion + TX, quinoxaline + TX, quinaloxam + TX, pentachloronitrobenzene + TX, R-1492 + TX, iodophor + TX, pyrethrum + TX, Polygonum cuspidatum extract + TX, ribavirin + TX, R-metalaxyl + TX, rotenone + TX, ryanodine + TX, leonine + TX, S421 + TX, veratrum saba + TX, octophos + TX, onyx glycoside + TX, cymoxanil + TX, thion + TX, fluoxastrobin + TX, silachlor + TX, pyrethrum + TX, sesamolin + TX, SI-0009 + TX, fruit fly pheromone + TX, simazine + TX, silfluzamide + TX, sodium arsenite + TX, sodium cyanide + TX, Sodium Fluoride + TX, Sodium Fluoroacetate + TX, Sodium Hexafluorosilicate + TX, Sodium Pentachlorophenate + TX, Sodium Selenate + TX, Sodium Thiocarbonate + TX, Sodium Thioacetate + TX, Sugo + TX, Sodidine + TX, Spirocyclohexane + TX, SSI-121 + TX, *Streptococcus spp.* + TX, *Streptococcus spp.* + TX, *Streptococcus spp.* + TX, *Streptococcus spp.* + TX, *Streptococcus spp.* + TX, *Streptococcus spp.* + TX, *Streptococcus spp.* + TX, *Streptococcus spp.* Species of *Streptococcus spp.* + TX, Streptomycin + TX, Streptomycin Sesquisulfate + TX, Strychnine + TX, Fungicide + TX, Sodium Fungicide + TX, Sulfonamide + TX, Fipronil + TX, Phosphate + TX, Sulfoxide + TX TX, sulfur + TX, sulfuryl fluoride + TX, thiodimethyl phosphate + TX, coal tar + TX, flumethrin + TX, thiamethoxam + TX, TDE + TX, tebuconazole +TX, isobutylethoxyquinoline + TX, butylpyrimidine phosphate + TX, phosmet + TX, dithionine + TX, thiamethoxam + TX, TEPP + TX, cyclopentenylpyrethrin + TX, tert-butylcarbamate + TX, N-[6-[[[(1-methyltetrazol-5-yl)-phenylmethylene]amino]oxymethyl]-2-pyridyl]tert-butylcarbamate + TX, tetrachloroethane + TX, tetrachlorothiophene + TX, tetrafluoroether + TX, tetradec-11-en-1-ylacetate + TX, trichlorfon + TX, tetrafluoroether + TX, acaricide + TX, thallium sulfate + TX, thiabendazole + TX, thiamethoxam + TX, thiamethoxam + TX, thiamethoxam + TX, thiamethoxam + TX, thiamethoxam + TX, thiamethoxam + TX, thiamethoxam + TX, thiamethoxam + TX, thiamethoxam + TX, thiamethoxam + TX, thiamethoxam + TX, thiamethoxam + TX, thiamethoxam + TX, thiamethoxam + TX, thiamethoxam + TX, thiamethoxam + TX, thiamethoxam + TX, thiamethoxam + TX, thiamethoxam + TX, thiamethoxam + TX, thiamethoxam + TX, thiamethoxam + TX, thiamethoxam + TX, thiamethoxam + TX TX, Thiamethoxam + TX, Dimethoate + TX, Thiammonium thiophanate + TX, Thimerosal + TX, Methyl phorate + TX, Thiophanate + TX, Thiophanate + TX, Thiophanate + TX, Thiophanate + TX, Acaricide + TX, Insecticidal + TX, Insecticidal + TX, Thiamethoxam + TX, Thiamethoxam + TX, Methyl thiophanate + TX, Trifluthoxycarb + TX, Paramethoprim + TX, Tetrabromopyr + TX, Trans-permethrin + TX, Infertility + TX, Triadimefon + TX, Triadimefon + TX, Azoxystrobin + TX, Benzoate + TX, Azoxystrobin + TX, Triazophos + TX, Imidazin + TX, Azoxystrobin + TX, Tributyltin oxide + TX, Trichloroisophosphorus-3 + TX, Phosphine + TX, Trichogramma spp. + TX, Chlorpyrifos + TX, Tricyclazole + TX, Tridemorph + TX, Snail Killer + TX, Profenofos + TX, Azoxystrobin + TX, Fluopyram + TX, Azoxystrobin + TX, Mediterranean Fruit Fly Phenomenon + TX, Mediterranean Fruit Fly Attractant Type A + TX, Mediterranean Fruit Fly Attractant Type B1 + TX, Mediterranean Fruit Fly Attractant Type B2 + TX, Mediterranean Fruit Fly Attractant Type C + TX, Mixed Carbendazim + TX, Trichloroisocyanuric Acid + TX, Anti-rot Esters + TX, Triphenyltin Acetate + TX, Triphenyltin Hydroxide + TX, Imazalil + TX, Dimethoate + TX, Cymoxanil + TX, Trunc-Call + TX, Western Vibrio + TX, Urethroid + TX, Jinggangmycin + TX, Cymoxanil + TX, Aphid + TX, Fluopyram + TX, Veratrine + TX, Veratrum alkaloids + TX, Synergistic alkyne + TX, Verticillium spores + TX, Ethylene sclerotinia + TX, Warfarin + TX, XMC +TX, Xylenol + TX, Zeatin + TX, Zealytin + TX, β-Cypermethrin + TX, Kasugamycin + TX, Zinc Naphthenate + TX, Zinc Phosphate + TX, Thiazole Zinc + TX, Zineb + ​​TX, Zinc Magnesium + TX, Zolapphos + TX, Acinetobacter rupestris + TX, Cladosporium + TX, Cephalosporium + TX, Acremonium diospyri + TX, Acremonium obclavatum + TX, Cotton Brown Leaf Roller Granulovirus (AdoxGV) (Capex®) + TX, Agrobacterium radiodurans strain K84 (Galltrol-A®) + TX, Alternaria + TX, Alternaria Cassia + TX, Alternaria destruens (Smolder®) + TX, Powdery mildew (AQ10®) + TX, Aspergillus flavus AF36 (AF36®) + TX, Aspergillus flavus NRRL 21882 (Aflaguard®) + TX, Aspergillus species + TX, Budding bryophytes + TX, Azotospira (MicroAZ®, TAZO B®) + TX, Azotobacter + TX, Azotobacter chroocuccum (Azotomeal®) + TX, Azotobacter Blooming Blossoms® + TX, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens + TX, Bacillus cereus + TX, Bacillus chitinosporus strain AQ746 + TX, Bacillus chitinosporus strain CM-1 + TX, Bacillus circulans + TX, Bacillus robustus (BioSafe®, BioNem-WP®), especially strain CNMC 1-1582 (e.g., VOTIVO® from BASF AG) + TX, Bacillus licheniformis strain 3086 (EcoGuard®, Green Releaf®) + TX, Bacillus licheniformis strain HB-2 (Biostart™ formerly known as Rhizoboost®) + TX, Bacillus marismortui + TX, Bacillus megaterium + TX, Bacillus mycosis fungoides strain AQ726 + TX, Bacillus lactis (Milky Spore Powder®) + TX, Bacillus pumilus species + TX, Bacillus pumilus strain AQ717 + TX, Bacillus pumilus strain GB34 (Yield Shield®) +TX, Bacillus pumilus strain QST 2808 (Sonata®, Ballad Plus®) + TX, Bacillus spheroidae (VectoLex®) + TX, Bacillus species + TX, Bacillus strain AQ175 + TX, Bacillus strain AQ177 + TX, Bacillus strain AQ178 + TX, Bacillus subtilis strain AQ153 + TX, Bacillus subtilis strain AQ743 + TX, Bacillus subtilis strain QST 713 (CEASE®, Serenade®, Rhapsody®) + TX, Bacillus subtilis strain QST 714 (JAZZ®) + TX, Bacillus subtilis strain QST3002 + TX, Bacillus subtilis strain QST3004 + TX, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens variant strain FZB24 (Taegro®, Rhizopro®) + TX, Bacillus thuringiensisaizawai GC 91 (Agree®) + TX, Bacillus thuringiens Cry 2Ae + TX, Bacillus thuringiens Cry1Ab + TX, Bacillus thuringiensis israelensis (BMP123®, Aquabac®, VectoBac®) + TX, Bacillus thuringiensis kurstaki (Javelin®, Deliver®, CryMax®, Bonide®, Scutella WP®, Turilav WP®, Astuto®, Dipel WP®, Biobit®, Foray®) + TX, Bacillus thuringiensis kurstaki BMP 123 (Baritone®) + TX, Bacillus thuringiensis kurstaki HD-1 (Bioprotec-CAF) / 3P®) + TX, Bacillus thuringiensis strain AQ52 + TX, Bacillus thuringiensis strain BD#32 + TX, Bacillus thuringiensis tenebrionis (Novodor®, BtBooster) + TX, Bacillus thuringiensis var. aizawai (XenTari®, DiPel®) + TX, Bacteria spp. (GROWMEND®, GROWSWEET®, Shootup®) +TX, Clavipactermichiganensis bacteriophage (AgriPhage®, Bakflor®) + TX, Beauveria bassiana (Beaugenic®, Brocaril WP®) + TX, Beauveria bassiana GHA (Mycotrol ES®, Mycotrol O®, BotaniGuard®) + TX, Beauveria brongniartii (Engerlingspilz®, Schweizer Beauveria®, Melocont®) + TX, Beauveria species (Beauveria spp.) + TX, Botrytis cineria + TX, Bradyrhizobium japonicum (TerraMax®) + TX, Brevibacillus brevis + TX, Burkholderia cepacia (Deny®, Intercept®, BlueCircle®) + TX, Burkholderia gladii + TX, Burkholderia gladioli + TX, Burkholderia spp. + TX, Canadian thistle fungus (CBH Canadian Bioherbicide®) + TX, Candida butyri + TX, Candida famata + TX, Candida fructus + TX, Candida glabrata + TX, Candida guilliermondii + TX, Candida melibiosica + TX, Candida oleophila strain O + TX, Candida parapsilosis + TX TX, Candida pelliculosa + TX, Candida pulcherrima + TX, Candida reukaufii + TX, Candida saitosaitoana (Bio-Coat®, Biocure®) + TX, Candida sake + TX, Candida spp. + TX, Candida tenius + TX, Cibid. dilatantia + TX, Cellulomonas flavipena + TX, Chaetomium cochliodes (Nova-Cide®) + TX, Chaetomium globosum (Nova-Cide®) + TX, Chromobacterium subtsugae strain PRAA4-1T (Grandevo®) + TX, Cladosporium chlorocephalum + TX, Cladosporium cladosporioides + TX, Cladosporium oxysporum + TX, Cladosporium spp. + TX, Cladosporium tenuissimum + TX, Clonestachys rosea (EndoFine®) + TX, Colletotrichum acutatum + TX, Coniothyrium minitans (Cotans WG®) + TX, Coniothyrium spp. + TX, Cryptococcus albidus (YIELDPLUS®) + TX, Cryptococcus humicola + TX, infirmo-miniatus + TX, Cryptococcus laurentii + TX, Cryptoophlebia leucotreta granulovirus Granulovirus (Cryptex®) + TX, Cupriaviduscampinensis + TX, Cydia pomonella granulovirus (CYD-X®, Madex®, Madex® Plus, Madex Max, Carpovirusine® + TX, Cylindrobasidium)Laeve (Stumpout®) + TX, Cylindrocladium + TX, Debaryomyces hansenii + TX, Drechslera hawaiinensis + TX, Enterobacter cloacae + TX, Enterobacteriaceae + TX, Entomophtora virulenta (Vektor®) + TX, Epicoccum nigrum + TX, Epicoccum purpurascens + TX, Epicoccum species + TX, Filobasidium floriforme + TX, Fusarium argentis + TX, Fusarium chlamydosporium + TX, Fusaclean®, Biofox C® + TX, Fusarium lamellae + TX, Fusarium species + TX, *Galactomyces geotrichum* + TX, *Gliocladium catenulatum* (Primastop®, Prestop®) + TX, *Gliocladium roseum* + TX, *SoilGard®* species + TX, *Soilgard®* green *Gliocladium* + TX, Granupom® virus + TX, *Halobacillus halophilus* + TX, *Halobacillus litoralis* + TX, *Halobacillus trueperi* + TX, *Halomonas* species + TX, *Halomonas subglacial* + TX, *Halovibrio variabilis* + TX, *Hansenula polymorpha* of grape juice + TX, Helicovex® + TX, Gemstar® + TX, Corynebacterium rosenbergii (formerly known as Paecilomyces rosenbergii strain, PFR-97®, PreFeRal®) + TX, Myconate® + TX, Klebsiella citrinum + TX, Klebsiella species + TX, Lagenidium giganteum (Laginex®) +TX, *Verticillium lecanii* (formerly known as strain KV01, e.g., *Vertalec®* of Koppert / Arysta) conidia + TX, *Verticillium longisporum* (Vertiblast®) + TX, *Verticillium muscarium* (Vertikil®) + TX, *Disparvirus®* (Gypsy moth nucleopolyhedrovirus) + TX, *Halophilic sea cocci* + TX, *Meira geulakonigii* + TX, *DestruxinWP®* + TX, *Met52®* + TX, *Metschnikowia fruticola* (Shemer®) + TX, *Metschnikowia pulcherrima* + TX, Microdochium dimerum (Antibot®) + TX, Micromonospora coerulea + TX, Microsphaeropsis ochracea + TX, Muscodor albus 620 (Muscudor®) + TX, Muscodor roseus, especially strain A3-5 (registration number NRRL 30548) + TX, Mycorrhizae spp. (AMykor®, Root Maximizer®) + TX, Varicella pulvinata strain AARC-0255 (DiTera®, BROS PLUS®) + TX, Ophiostoma piliferum strain D97 (Sylvanex®) + TX, Paecilomyces farinosus + TX, Paecilomyces lilacinus strain 251 (MeloCon WG®) + TX, Paecilomyces lilacinus (Biostat WP®) + TX, Bacillus polymyxa + TX, BlightBan C9-1® + TX, Pantotheca species + TX, Pasteuria nishizawae, especially strain Pn1 (from Syngenta / ChemChina's CLARIVA) +TX; *Econem®* species + TX, *Penicillium chrysogenum* + TX, *Penicillium basil* (Jumpstart®, TagTeam®) + TX, *Penicillium breves* + TX, *Penicillium chrysogenum* + TX, *Penicillium chrysogenum* + TX, *Penicillium purpureum* + TX, *Penicillium* species + TX, *Penicillium viridans* + TX, *Rotstop®* + TX, phosphate solubilizing bacteria (Phosphomeal®) + TX, *Phytophthora cryptogea* + TX, *Phytophthora palmivora* (Devine®) + TX, *Pichia anomala* + TX, *Pichia guilliermondii* + TX, *Pichiamembranaefaciens* + TX, *Pichia onychis* + TX, Pichiastipites + TX, Pseudomonas aeruginosa + TX, Pseudomonas aureofasciens (Spot-Less Biofungicide®) + TX, Pseudomonas cepacia + TX, Pseudomonas chlororaphis (AtEze®) + TX, Pseudomonas corrugate + TX, Pseudomonas fluorescens (Zequanox®) + TX, Pseudomonas fluorescens strain A506 (BlightBan A506®) + TX, Pseudomonas putida + TX, Pseudomonas reactans + TX, Pseudomonas spp. species + TX, Pseudomonas syringae (Bio-Save®) + TX, Pseudomonas viridiflava + TX, Pseudozyma flocculosa strain PF-A22 UL (Sporodex L®) + TX, Puccinia canaliculata +TX, Puccinia thlaspeos (Wood Warrior®) + TX, Pythium paroecandrum + TX, Pythium oligandrum (Polygandron®, Polyversum®) + TX, Pythium periplocum + TX, Rhanella aquatilis + TX, Rhanella spp. + TX, Rhizobia (Dormal®, Vault®) + TX, Rhizoctonia + TX, Rhodococcus globerulus strain AQ719 + TX, Rhodosporidium diobovatum + TX, Rhodosporidium toruloides + TX, Rhodotorula glutinis + TX, Rhodotorula graminis + TX, Rhodotorula mucilagnosa + TX, Rhodotorula ularubra + TX, Rhodotorula spp. + TX, Saccharomyces cerevisiae + TX, Salinococcus roseus + TX, SARRITOR® + TX, Sclerotinia minor + TX, Scytalidium spp. + TX, Scytalidium uredinicola + TX, Serratia marcescens + TX, Serratia plymuthica + TX, Serratia spp. spp.) + TX, Sordaria fimicola + TX, Spod-X®, Spexit® + TX, Spodoptera littoralis nucleopolyhedrovirus (Littovir®) + TX, Sporobolomyces roseus+ TX, Stenotrophomonas maltophilia + TX, Streptomyces albaduncus + TX, Streptomyces exfoliates + TX, Streptomyces galbus + TX, Streptomyces griseoplanus + TX, Streptomyces griseoviridis (Mycostop®) + TX, Streptomyces hygroscopicus + TX, Streptomyces lydicus (Actinovate®) + TX, Streptomyces WYEC-108 (ActinoGrow®) + TX, Streptomyces violaceus + TX, Tilletiopsis minor +TX, *Tilletiopsis* spp. + TX, *Trichoderma asperellum* (T34 Biocontrol®) + TX, *Trichoderma atroviride* (Plantmate®) + TX, *Trichoderma gamsii* (Tenet®) + TX, *Trichoderma hamatum* TH382 + TX, *Trichoderma harzianum rifai* (Mycostar®) + TX, *Trichoderma harzianum* T-22 (Trianum-P®, PlantShield HC®, RootShield®, Trianum-G®) + TX, *Trichoderma harzianum* T-39 (Trichodex®) + TX, *Trichoderma mainhamatum* + TX, *Trichoderma koningii* + TX, Trichodermalignorum + TX, Trichoderma longibrachiatum + TX, Trichoderma polysporum (Binab T®) + TX, Trichoderma spp. LC52 (Sentinel®) + TX, Trichoderma taxi + TX, Trichoderma virens (formerly known as green broom mold GL-21) (SoilGuard®) + TX, Trichoderma virens + TX, Trichoderma viride + TX, Trichoderma viride strain ICC 080 (Remedier®) + TX, Trichosporon pullulans + TX, Trichosporon spp. + TX, Trichothecium roseum + TX, Trichothecium spp. + TX, Typhula phacorrhiza strain 94670 + TX, Typhula phacorrhiza strain 94671 + TX, Ulocladium atrum + TX, Ulocladium oudemansii (Botry-Zen®) + TX, Ustilago maydis + TX, Various bacteria and supplements (Natural II®) + TX, Various fungi (Millennium Microbes®) + TX, Verticillium chlamydosporium + TX, Vip3Aa20 (VIPtera®) + TX, Virgibaclillus marismortui + TX, Xanthomonas campestris pv. Poae (Camperico®) + TX, Burkholderia caudatus + TX, Nematophyte pathogenic bacillus + TX, AGNIQUE® MMF + TX, Plasma Neem Oil®, AzaGuard®, MeemAzal®, Molt-X® (e.g., AZATIN XL from Certis, USA) + TX, Plant IGR (Neemazad®, Neemix®) + TX, BugOil® + TX, Canola Oil (Lilly Miller Vegol®) + TX, Chestnut (Chenopodium ambrosioides near ambrosioides) (Requiem®) + TX, Chrysanthemum Extract (Crisant®) + TXTX, Labiatae essential oil (Botania®) + TX, Neem oil extract (Trilogy®) + TX, Clove-Rosemary-Peppermint and Thyme oil extract (Garden Insect Killer®) + TX, Garlic + TX, Betaine (Greenstim®) + TX, Kaolin (Screen®) + TX, Lemongrass oil (GreenMatch®) + TX, Melaleuca alternifolia extract (also known as tea tree oil) (Timorex Gold®) + TX, Clove-Peppermint-Garlic oil and peppermint blend (Soil Shot®) + TX, Clove-Rosemary and Peppermint extract blend (EF 400®) + TX, Rosemary-Sesame-Peppermint-Thyme and Cinnamon extract blend (EF 300®) + TX, Neem oil + TX, Catnip (Nepeta cataria) (catnip oil) + TX, Nepeta catarina + TX, Nicotine + TX, Oregano Oil (MossBuster®) + TX, Pedaliaceae Oil (Nematon®) + TX, Pine Oil (Retenol®) + TX, Pyrethrum + TX, Quillaja saponaria (NemaQ®) + TX, Polygonum cuspidatum (Regalia®, Sakalia®) + TX, Rotenone (Eco Roten®) + TX, Rutaceae Plant Extract (Soleo®) + TX, Soybean Oil (Ortho ecosense®) + TX, Brown Algae Storage Dextran (Laminarin®) + TX, Thyme Oil + TX, (E,Z)-7,9-dodecadien-1-yl acetate + TX, (E,Z,Z)-3,8,11-tetradecanetrienyl acetate + TX, (Z,Z,E)-7,11,13-hexadecanetrienal + TX, 2-Methyl-1-butanol + TX, Biolure® + TX, 3M Sprayable Blackheaded Fireworm Pheromone® + TX, Calcium acetate + TX, Check-Mate® + TX, Paramount dispenser-(CM) / Isomate C-Plus® + TX, Entostat powder (extract from palm trees) (Exosex CM®) + TX, Grape leafroller pheromone (3M MEC-GBM Sprayable Pheromone®) +TX, Lavender sesquiterpenoid ester + TX, Leafroller pheromone (3M MEC – LR Sprayable Pheromone®) + TX, Housefly pheromone (Snip7 Fly Bait® + TX), Pear fruit moth pheromone (3M oriental fruit moth sprayable pheromone®) + TX, Peach tree borer pheromone (Isomate-P®) + TX, Scenturion® + TX, Starbar Premium Fly Bait® + TX, Tomato pinworm pheromone (3M Sprayable pheromone®) + TX, Acerophagus papaya + TX, Two-spotted ladybug (Adalia-System®) + TX, Two-spotted ladybug (Adaline®) + TX, Two-spotted ladybug (Aphidalia®) + TX, Cocoon-jumping wasp + TX, Wax-embryo-jumping wasp of the budding moth + TX, Anderline®, Andersoni-System® + TX, Amblyline®, Spical® + TX, Thripex®, Bugline cucumeris® + TX, Fallacis® + TX, Bugline swirskii®, Swirskii-Mite® + TX, WomerMite® + TX, Whitefly wasp + TX, Protoceratops spp. + TX, Dark-bellied long-horned wasp + TX, Kama long-horned wasp + TX, Anagyrus loecki + TX, Citripar® + TX, Red wax scale wasp + TX, Golden wasp + TX, Woodland flower bug (Anthocoris nemoralis) (Anthocoris-System®) + TX, Apheline®, Aphiline® + TX, Aphipar® + TX, Aphipar® + TX, Aphipar® + TX, Aphelinus-System® + TX, Ervipar® + TX, Aphipar® + TX, Aphipar® + TX, Aphipar® + TX, Aphipar® + TX, Aphidend®, Aphidoline® + TX, Aphipar® + TX, Aphipar® + TX, Aphipar® + TX, Aphipar® +TX, Staphyline® + TX, Bumblebee species + TX, Beeline®, Tripol® + TX, Natupol Beehive® + TX, Cephalonomia stephanoderis + TX, Black-backed ladybug + TX, Chrysoline®, Chrysopa® + TX, Red lacewing + TX, Cirrospilusingenuus + TX, Four-banded serpent wasp + TX, White-spotted orange wasp + TX, Closterocerus chamaeleon + TX, Closterocerus species + TX, Coccidoxenoides perminutus (Planopar®) + TX, Porphyra aphid wasp + TX, Scale insect wasp + TX, Yellow-legged velvet wasp + TX, Diamondback moth velvet wasp + TX, Cryptobug®, Cryptoline® + TX, Japanese square-headed beetle + TX, Minusa®, DacDigline®, Minex® + TX, Delphastus® + TX, Delphastus pusillus + TX, Diachasmimorpha krausii + TX, Long-tailed leafminer parasitoids + TX, Diaparsis jucunda + TX, Ali lice-eating wasp + TX, Diminex®, Miglyphus®, Digline® + TX, Species of the genus Diminex + TX, Scale insect long-tailed wasp + TX, Encarsia max®, Encarline®, En-Strip® + TX, Gondian wasp + TX, Haitian wasp + TX, Syrphidend® hoverfly + TX, Eretmoceris siphonini + TX, California horned aphid wasp + TX, Enermix®, Ercal®, Eretline e®, Bemimix® + TX, Hesper's horned aphid wasp + TX, Bemipar®, Eretline m® + TX, Eretmocerus siphonini + TX, Four-spotted ladybug + TX, Feltiline® gall midge + TX, Spidend® gall midge + TX, Alishan leafminer wasp + TX, Fopiusceratitivorus +TX, Wirless Beehome® + TX, Vespop® + TX, Western Stony Mite + TX, Leystilts spp. + TX, Brachymys spp. + TX, HarmoBeetle® + TX, NemaShield HB®, Nemaseek®, Terrane-Nam®, Terrane®, Largenem®, B-Green®, NemAttack®, Nematop® + TX, Nemasys H®, BioNem H®, Exhibitline hm®, Largenem-M® + TX, Lawn Patrol® + TX, Spotted Ladybug + TX, Aculeifer-System®, Entomite-A® + TX, Hypoline m®, Entomite-M®) + TX, Black Gall Beetle + TX, Lecanoideusfloccissimus + TX, Lemophagus errabundus + TX, Tricolor Jumping Wasp + TX, Orange Scale Parasitic Wasp (Leptopar®) + TX, Longhorn Jumping Wasp + TX, Lindorus lophanthae + TX, Lipolexisoregmae + TX, Forked Leaf Green Fly (Natufly®) + TX, Tea-footed Aphid Parasitic Wasp + TX, Mirid Bug (Mirical-N®, Macroline c®, Mirical®) + TX, Mesoseiulus longipes + TX, Yellow Broad-stalked Jumping Wasp + TX, Metaphycus lounsburyi + TX, Horned Brown Flyfly (Milacewing®) + TX, Yellow Flower-winged Jumping Wasp + TX, Muscidifurax raptorellus and Spalangia cameroni (Biopar®) + TX, Neodryinustyphlocybae + TX, Neoseuis caesarea + TX, Neoseuis cucumber (THRYPEX®) + TX, Neoseuis pseudo-neosei + TX, Nesideocoris tenuis (NesidioBug®, Nesibug®) + TX, Biofly (Biofly®) + TX, Thripor-I®, Oriline i® + TX, Orius laevigatus (Thripor-L®, Oriline i®) + TXl® + TX, Oriline m® + TX, Thripor-S® + TX, Pauesia juniperorum + TX, Ladybug stalk wasp + TX, Phasmarhabditis hermaphrodita (Nemaslug®) + TX, Phymastichus coffea + TX, Rough-haired Phytoseia + TX, Chilean Phytoseia (Spidex®, Phytoline p®) + TX, Podisus® + TX, Parasitic flea fly curvatus + TX, Parasitic flea fly obtusus + TX, Parasitic flea fly tricuspis + TX, Pseudaphycus maculipennis + TX, Pseudleptomastix mexicana + TX, Hairy flea wasp + TX, Same-colored short-backed braconid wasp (complex) + TX, species of the genus *Rhyzobius* + TX, *Rhyzobius lophanthae* + TX, Australian ladybug + TX, *Ruminadecollate* + TX, *Semielacher petiolatus* + TX, wheat aphid (Ervibank®) + TX, small leafroller nematode *Nematac C®, Millenium®, BioNem C®, NemAttack®, Nemastar®, Capsanem®) + TX, noctuid moth nematode *NemaShield®, Nemasys F®, BioNem F®, Steinernema-System®, NemAttack®, Nemaplus®, Exhibitline sf®, Scia-rid®, Entenem® + TX, sawfly nematode *Nemasys L®, BioNem L®, Exhibitline srb®* + TX, *Rhyzobius nematode* (BioVector®, BioVektor®) + TX TX, Nematac S® + TX, Nematac species + TX, Guardian Nematodes® + TX, Stethorus® + TX, Tetrastichus setifer + TX, Thripobius semiluteus + TX, Torymussinensis + TX, Tricholine b® +TX, Tricho-Strip® + TX, Trichogramma fasciatus + TX, Trichogramma microsporum + TX, Trichogramma corn borer + TX, Trichogramma fasciatus + TX, Trichogramma fasciatus + TX, Trichogramma septum + TX, Trichogramma septum + TX, Trichogramma fasciatus + TX; Abscisic acid + TX, Aminomite® + TX, BioGain® + TX, bioSea® + TX, CAS No.: 2643947-26-4 + TX, Chondrostereum purpureum (Chontrol Paste®) + TX, Collegospora collego® + TX, Copper octanoate (Cueva®) + TX, Delta trap (Trapline d®) + TX, Harpin (ProAct®, Ni-HIBIT Gold CST®) + TX, Fatty acids derived from natural byproducts of extra virgin olive oil (FLIPPER®) +TX, Ferric phosphate (Ferramol®) +TX, Funnel trap (Trapline®) +TX, Gallex® +TX, Grower's Secret® +TX, Homo-brassonolide +TX, Ferric phosphate (Lilly Miller Worry Free Ferramol Slug & Snail Bait®) +TX, MCP hail trap (Trapline®) +TX, Parasitic insect Microctonus hyperodae +TX, Mycoleptodiscus terrestris (Des-X®) +TX, Locust microsporidia (Semaspore Organic Grasshopper Control®) +TX, Pheromones (Thripline ams®) +TX, Potassium bicarbonate (MilStop®) +TX, Potassium iodide + Potassium thiocyanate (Enzicur®) + TX, potassium salt of fatty acids (Sanova®) + TX, potassium silicate solution (Sil-Matrix®) + TX, spider venom + TX, sticky traps (Trapline YF®, Rebell Amarillo®) + TX, SuffOil-X® + TX, traps (Takitrapline y + b®) + TX; Mojave Bacillus strain R3B from Certis USA (accession number NCAIM (P) B001389) (WO2013 / 034938) + TX, Bacillus subtilis, particularly strain BU F-33, with NRRL registration number 50185 (from BASF's CARTISSA®, EPA registration number 71840-19) + TX, Bacillus subtilis CX-9060 from Certis USA, Bacillus species, particularly strain D747 (available from Kumiai Chemical Industry Co., Ltd. as DOUBLE NICKEL®), with registration number FERM BP-8234, US Patent No. 7,094,592 + TX, Bacillus subtilis strain BU1814 (from BASF's VELONDIS® PLUS, VELONDIS® FLEX, and VELONDIS® EXTRA) + TX, Bacillus subtilis variant strain FZB24, with registration number DSM 10271 (available from Novozymes as TAEGRO® or TAEGRO® ECO (EPA Registration No. 70127-5)) + TX, Bacillus subtilis, particularly strain QST713 / AQ713 (with NRRL Registration No. B-21661 and described in U.S. Patent No. 6,060,051, available from Bayer CropScience LP as SERENADE® OPTI or SERENADE® ASO) + TX, Bacillus polymyxa, particularly strain AC-1 (e.g., TOPSEED® from GreenBiotech Company Ltd.) + TX, Bacillus species strains with registration No. NRRL B-50972 or NRRL B-67129, WO 2016 / 154297 + TX, Pantotheca agglomeratus, particularly strain E325 (registration No. NRRL B-21856 (available from Northwest Agri Products as BLOOMTIME BIOLOGICAL™ FD BIOPESTICIDE) + TX, Pseudomonas proradix (e.g., PRORADIX® from Sourcon Padena) + TX, budding short-stemmed fungi, especially budding spores of strain DSM14940, budding spores of strain DSM14941, or a mixture of budding spores of strains DSM14940 and DSM14941 (e.g., BOTECTOR® and BLOSSOM PROTECT® from bio-ferm, Switzerland) + TX, Pseudozymaaphidis (such as Yissum Research Development Company, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, disclosed in WO2011 / 151819) + TX, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, particularly strains from Lesaffre et Compagnie, France, CNCM Nos. 1-3936, 1-3937, 1-3938 or 1-3939 (WO 2010 / 086790) + TX, Agrobacterium radiolucis strain K84 (e.g., GALLTROL-A® from AgBioChem, California) + TX, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens isolate B246 (e.g., AVOGREEN™ from the University of Pretoria) + TX, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens strain F727 (also known as strain MBI110) (NRRL Registry No. B-50768, WO 2014 / 028521 (STARGUS® from Marrone BioInnovations) + TX, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens strain FZB42, accession number DSM 23117 (available from ABiTEP, Germany, as RHIZOVITAL®) + TX, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, particularly strain D747 (available from Combinatorial Chemicals Industries, as Double Nickel™, with accession number FERM BP-8234, US Patent No. 7,094,592) + TX, Bacillus licheniformis FMCH001 and Bacillus subtilis FMCH002 (from FMC's QUARTZO® (WG) and PRESENCE® (WP)) + TX, Bacillus licheniformis, particularly strain SB3086, with accession number ATCC 55406, WO 2003 / 000051 (available from Novozymes as ECOGUARD® biofungicide and GREEN RELEAF™) + TX, Bacillus methylotrophicus strain BAC-9912 (from the Chinese Academy of Sciences' Institute of Applied Ecology) + TX, Bacillus mycosis fungoides, isolate, with accession number B-30890 (available from Certis USA as BMJ TGAI® or WG and LifeGard™) + TX, Bacillus pumilus, particularly strain GB34 (available from Bayer AG as YieldShield®) +TX, Bacillus subtilis, particularly strain QST2808 (available from Bayer Crop Science, Inc. as SONATA®, with registration number NRRL B-30087 and described in U.S. Patent No. 6,245,551) + TX, Bacillus subtilis CX-9060 from Certis, Inc. + TX, Bacillus subtilis IAB / BS03 (AVIV™ from STK Bio-Ag Technologies, Inc., and PORTENTO® from IdaiNature, Inc.) + TX, Bacillus subtilis KTSB strain (FOLIACTIVE® from Donaghys, Inc.) + TX, Bacillus subtilis strain BU1814 (available from BASF AG as VELONDIS® PLUS, VELONDIS® FLEX, and VELONDIS® EXTRA) + TX, Bacillus subtilis strain GB03 (available from Bayer AG, Germany under Kodiak®) + TX, Bacillus subtilis strain MBI 600 (available from BASF AG under SUBTILEX), with registration number NRRL B-50595, US patent number 5,061,495 + TX, Bacillus subtilis strain Y1336 (available from Bion-Tech, Taiwan under BIOBAC® WP, registered as a biofungicide in Taiwan under registration numbers 4764, 5454, 5096 and 5277) + TX, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens variant strain FZB24, with registration number DSM 10271 (available from Novozymes under TAEGRO® or TAEGRO® ECO (EPA registration number 70127-5)) + TX, Bacillus subtilis strain Y1336 (available from Bion-Tech, Taiwan under BIOBAC® WP is available as a biofungicide registered in Taiwan under registration numbers 4764, 5454, 5096, and 5277) + TX, from BASF AG, *Bacillus epiphyticus* (WO 2016 / 020371) + TX, from BASF AG, *Bacillus polymyxa* plant species (WO 2016 / 020371) + TX, *Bacillus* species strain with registration number NRRL B-50972 or NRRL B-67129, WO 2016 / 154297 + TX, *Pseudomonas aeruginosa* strain AFS009 with registration number NRRL B-50897, WO 2017 / 019448 (e.g., HOWLER™ and ZIO® from AgBiome Innovations).TX, *Pseudomonas aeruginosa*, particularly strain MA342 (e.g., CEDOMON®, CERALL®, and CEDRESS® from Bioagri and Koppert) + TX, *Pseudomonas fluorescens* strain A506 (e.g., BLIGHTBAN® A506 from NuFarm) + TX, *Pseudomonas proradix* (e.g., PRORADIX® from Sourcon Padena) + TX, *Streptomyces glaucus* strain K61 (also known as *Streptomyces flavus* strain K61) (accession number DSM 7206) (from Verdera's MYCOSTOP®, from BioWorks' PREFENCE®, see Crop Protection 2006, 25, 468-475) + TX, *Streptomyces lidiflora* strain WYEC108 (also known as *Streptomyces lidiflora* strain WYCD108US) (from Novozymes' ACTINO-IRON® and ACTINOVATE®) + TX, *Trichoderma viride* strain T11 (IMI352941 / CECT20498) + TX, *Pseudomonas aeruginosa* strain AQ10, with registration number CNCM 1-807 (e.g., AQ 10® from IntrachemBio Italia) + TX, *Pseudomonas aeruginosa*, especially strain AQ 10 (e.g., AQ 10® from IntrachemBio Italia) + TX, *Aspergillus flavus* strain NRRL 21882 (as a known product from Syngenta / ChemChina's AFLA-GUARD®) + TX, budding short-stemmed fungi, especially budding spores of strain DSM 14941 + TX, budding short-stemmed fungi, especially budding spores of strain DSM14940 + TX, budding short-stemmed fungi, especially a mixture of budding spores of strains DSM14940 and DSM 14941 (e.g., Botector® from bio-ferm, Switzerland) + TX, Chaetomium cupreum (registration number CABI353812) (e.g., BIOKUPRUM™ from AgriLife) + TX, Chaetomium globosum (available from Rivale under RIVADIOM®) + TX, Cladosporium cladosporioides, strain H39, with registration number CBS122244, US 2010 / 0291039 (by StichtingDienst Landbouwkundig Onderzoek) +TX, *Cryptococcus flavescens*, especially strain CON / M / 91-8 (accession number DSM9660, e.g., Contans® from Bayer CropScience Biotechnology) + TX, *Cryptococcus flavescens*, strain 3C (NRRL Y-50378) + TX, *Dactylariacandida*, *Dilophosphora alopecuri* (available with TWIST FUNGUS®), *Fusarium oxysporum*, strain Fo47 (available with FUSACLEAN® from Natural Plant Protection) + TX, *Clostachys rosea* (synonym: *Clostachys rosea*) strain J1446 (e.g., Prestop® from Lallemand) + TX, *Clostachys rosea* (also known as *Clostachys rosea*) strain IK726 (Jensen DF et al., Development of a Biocontrol agent for plant disease control with special emphasis on the near commercial fungal antagonist Clonostachysrosea strain 'IK726' [Special emphasis on the development of a biocontrol agent for plant disease control using the near commercial fungal antagonist Clonostachysrosea strain 'IK726'], Australasian Plant Pathol [Australasian Plant Pathol]. 2007, 36(2):95-101) + TX, Clonostachysrosea (also known as Clonostachysrosea spiralis), especially strain 321U from Adjuvants Plus, strain ACM941, such as Xue AG (Efficacy of Clonostachysrosea strain ACM941 and fungicide seed treatments for controlling the roottot complex of field pea [Efficacy of Clonostachysrosea strain ACM941 and fungicide seed treatments for controlling the roottot complex of field pea [Can Jour Plant Sci] 2003, The +TX strain, Metschnikowia fructicola, particularly strain NRRLY-30752, disclosed in 83(3):519-524, is a type of saccharidosis.TX, Microsphaeropsis ochracea, Penicillium steckii from BASF AG (DSM 27859, WO 2015 / 067800) + TX, Trichoderma strain ICC 012 (also known as Trichoderma harzianum ICC012), with accession number CABI CC IMI 392716 and Trichodermagamsii (formerly Trichoderma viride) strain ICC 080, with accession number IMI 392151 (e.g., BIO-TAM™ from Isagro USA, Inc. or BIODERMA® from Agrobiosol de Mexico, SA de CV) + TX, Penicillium vermiculatum + TX, Phlebiopsis gigantea strain VRA 1992 (ROTSTOP® C from Danstar Ferment) + TX, Pseudozyma flocculosa, strain PF-A22 UL (available from Plant Products Co., California as SPORODEX® L) + TX, Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain LAS117 cell wall (CEREVISANE® from Lesaffre, ROMEO® from BASF) + TX, Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains CNCM 1-3936, CNCM 1-3937, CNCM 1-3938, CNCM 1-3939 (WO 2010 / 086790) from Lesaffre France + TX, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, especially strain LASO2 (from Agro-Levures et Dérivés) + TX, Simpliillium lanosoniveum. +TX, strain T34 (e.g., T34 from Biocontrol Technologies SL, Spain) or strain ICC 012 from ISEG; +TX, strain WRL-076 (NRRL Y-30842), US Patent No. 7,579,183; +TX, *Talaromyces flavus*, strain V117b; +TX, *Trichoderma asperelloides* JM41R (registration number NRRL).B-50759 (from BASF AG's TRICHO PLUS®) +TX, *Trichoderma echinococcus*, particularly strain SKT-1, with registration number FERM P-16510 (e.g., from Combinatorial Chemicals Industries' ECO-HOPE®) +TX, *Trichoderma echinococcus*, particularly strain kd (e.g., from Andermatt Biocontrol's T-Gro) +TX, *Trichoderma viride* strain 77B (from Andermatt Biocontrol's T77) +TX, *Trichoderma viride* strain ATCC 20476 (IMI 206040) +TX, *Trichoderma viride* strain LC52 (e.g., from Agrim Technologies Limited's Tenet) +TX, *Trichoderma viride* strain LU132 (e.g., from Agrim Technologies Limited's Sentinel) +TX, *Trichoderma viride* strain NMI number V08 / 002388 + TX, Trichoderma viride strain NMI No. V08 / 002389 + TX, Trichoderma viride strain NMI No. V08 / 002390 + TX, Trichoderma viride strain No. V08 / 002387 + TX, Trichoderma viride strain SKT-1 (FERM P-16510), Japanese Patent Application (Kokai) 11-253151 A + TX, Trichoderma viride strain SKT-2 (FERM P-16511), Japanese Patent Application (Kokai) 11-253151 A + TX, Trichoderma viride strain SKT-3 (FERM P-17021), Japanese Patent Application (Kokai) 11-253151A + TX, Trichoderma viride, especially strain SC1 (registration number CBS 122089, WO 2009 / 116106 and US Patent No. 8,431,120 (from Bi-PA) + TX, *Trichoderma viride*, strain CNCM 1-1237 (e.g., Esquive® WP from Agrauxine, France) + TX, *Trichoderma apicaldos* (e.g., TrichoPlus from BASF) + TX, *Trichoderma galbsiella* (formerly *Trichoderma viride*) + TX, *Trichoderma galbsiella* (formerly *Trichoderma galbsiella*) strain ICC 080 (IMICC 392151 CABI) (available from Agribairso Mexico under BIODERMA®) + TX, *Trichoderma galbsiella* strain ICC080 (IMICC 392151 CABI, e.g., BioDerma from Agribairso Mexico) + TX, *Trichoderma harzianum* + TX, *Trichoderma halbus*, with registration number ATCC 28012 + TX, *Trichoderma harzianum* +TX, *Trichoderma harzianum* rifaiT39 (e.g., Trichodex® from Makhteshim, USA) + TX, *Trichoderma harzianum* strain CepaSimbT5 (from Simbiose Agro) + TX, *Trichoderma harzianum* strain DB 103 (available from Dagutat Biolab as T-GRO®7456) + TX, *Trichoderma harzianum* strain ITEM 908 (e.g., Trianum-P from Koppert) + TX, *Trichoderma harzianum* strain T-22 (e.g., Trianum-P from Andermatt Biocontrol or Koppert) + TX, *Trichoderma harzianum* strain TH35 (e.g., Root-Pro from Mycontrol) + TX, *Trichoderma multisporum* strain IMI 206039 (e.g., Binab TF WP from BINAB Bio-Innovation AB, Sweden) + TX, *Trichoderma stroma* Trichoderma viride (also known as green broom mold) with accession number Ts3550 (e.g., Tricovab from CEPLAC, Brazil) + TX, especially strain GL-21 (e.g., SoilGard from Sertis, USA) + TX, Trichoderma viride strain G-41, formerly known as green broom mold (accession number ATCC 20906) (e.g., ROOTSHIELD® PLUS WP and TURFSHIELD® PLUS WP from Bywards, USA) + TX, especially strain B35 (Pietr et al., 1993, Zesz.Nauk.AR w Szczecinie 161: 125-137) + TX, Trichoderma viride strain TV1 (e.g., Trianum-P from Corbett, USA) + TX, and Ulocladium oudemansii strain U3 with accession number NM 99 / 06216 (e.g., BOTRY-ZEN® from Botry-Zen Ltd., New Zealand, and BOTRYSTOP® from Byvo) + TX, Verticillium albo-atrum (formerly Verticillium dahliae) strain WCS850, with accession number WCS850, deposited at the Fungal Culture Centre (e.g., DUTCH TRIG® from Tree Care Innovations) + TX, Verticillium chlamydosporium + TX, a mixture of azotobacter brownii and Clostridium pasteurellium (available from Agrinos under INVIGORATE®) +TX, a mixture of Bacillus licheniformis FMCH001 and Bacillus subtilis FMCH002 (available from FMC under QUARTZO® (WG) and PRESENCE® (WP)) + TX, *Sinapis latifolia* stem nodule, particularly strain ZB-SK-5 + TX, *Azospirillum brasiliensis* (e.g., VIGOR® from KALO) + TX, *Azospirillum lipophilicus* (e.g., VERTEX-IF™ from TerraMax) + TX, *Azotobacter spp.*, particularly strain H23 + TX, *Azotobacter spp.*, particularly strain ATCC 12837 + TX, *Bacillus amyloliquefaciens* BS27 (accession number NRRL B-5015) + TX, *Bacillus amyloliquefaciens*, particularly strain FZB42 (e.g., RHIZOVITAL® from Abitepe GmbH, Germany) + TX, *Bacillus amyloliquefaciens*, particularly strain IN937a + TX, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens pm414 (LOLI-PEPTA® from Biofilm Crop Protection) + TX, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens SB3281 (ATCC #PTA-7542, WO 2017 / 205258) + TX, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens TJ1000 (available from Novozymes as QUIKROOTS®) + TX, Bacillus cereus member EE128 (NRRL No. B-50917) + TX, Bacillus cereus member EE349 (NRRL No. B-50928) + TX, Bacillus cereus strain BP01 (ATCC 55675, e.g. MEPICHLOR® from Arysta Lifescience) + TX, Bacillus mycosis fungoides BT155 (NRRL No. B-50921) + TX, Bacillus mycosis fungoides BT46-3 (NRRL No. B-50922) + TX, Bacillus mycosis fungoides EE118 (NRRL No. B-50918) + TX, Bacillus mycosis fungoides EE141 (NRRL No. B-50916) + TX, Bacillus pumilus, especially strain GB34 (e.g., YIELD SHIELD® from Bayer Crop Science, Germany) + TX, Bacillus pumilus, especially strain QST2808 (Registration No. NRRL No. B-30087) + TX, Bacillus sicca, especially strain KCTC 13613T + TX, Bacillus subtilis, especially strain AQ30002 (Registration No. NRRL No. B-50421 and described in U.S. Patent Application No. 13 / 330,576) +TX, Bacillus subtilis, particularly strain AQ30004 (NRRL No. B-50455 and described in U.S. Patent Application No. 13 / 330,576) + TX, Bacillus subtilis, particularly strain MBI 600 (e.g., SUBTILEX® from BASF AG) + TX, Bacillus subtilis rm303 (from RHIZOMAX® from Biofilm Crop Protection Company) + TX, Bacillus subtilis strain BU1814 (available from BASF AG as TEQUALIS®) + TX, Bacillus tekirae, particularly strain NII-0943 + TX, Bacillus thuringiensis BT013A (NRRL No. B-50924), also known as Bacillus thuringiensis 4Q7 + TX, Slow-growing rhizobium of soybean (e.g., OPTIMIZE® from Novozymes) + TX, Delft acidophilus, particularly strain RAY209 (e.g., from Brett Young Seeds' BIOBOOST® + TX, Lactobacillus species (e.g., LACTOPLANT® from LactoPAFI) + TX, Meso- and Slow-growing Rhizobia (e.g., NODULATOR from BASF) + TX, Bacillus polymyxa, especially strain AC-1 (e.g., TOPSEED® from Green Biotechnology Ltd.) + TX, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, especially strain PN1 + TX, Pseudomonas proradix (e.g., PRORADIX® from Sourcon Padena) + TX, Rhizobium leguminosarium biovar viciae (e.g., NODULATOR from BASF) + TX, Rhizobium leguminosarium, especially strain Z25 (accession number CECT 4585) + TX, Serratia marcescens, especially strain SRM (accession number MTCC 8708) + TX TX, *Rhizobium sinense* strain NRG-185-1 (from Bayer Crop Science's NITRAGIN® GOLD) + TX, *Thiobacillus* species (e.g., CROPAID® from Cropaid Ltd, UK) + TX, *Lysimachia verrucae* strain AARC-0255 (e.g., DiTera™ from Valent Biosciences) + TX, *Penicillium baicalensis* strain ATCC 22348 (e.g., JumpStart® from Acceleron BioAg) + TX, *Penicillium baicalensis* strain ATCC ATCC20851 + TX, *Paecilomyces lilacinus* (formerly known as *Paecilomyces lilacinus*) strain 251 (AGAL)89 / 030550, e.g., BioAct from Bayer CropScience Biotechnology + TX, Pythium oligandii strain DV74 + TX, Pythium oligandii strain M1 (ATCC 38472, e.g., Polyversum from Bioprepraty, Czech Republic) + TX, Rhizopogon amylopogon (from Agri-Enterprise, formerly Myco-Sol from Helena Chemical Company) + TX, Rhizopogon fulvigleba (e.g., from Agri-Enterprise, formerly Myco-Sol from Helena Chemical Company) + TX, Rhizopogon v117b + TX, Trichoderma echinococcus (from Plant Health Products, South Africa) + TX, Trichoderma echinococcus strain kd (e.g., T-Gro from Andermart Biocontrol) + TX, Trichoderma viride strain V08 / 002387 + TX, Trichoderma viride strain CNCM 1-1237 (e.g., Esquive® WP from Aglaucus, France) + TX, Trichoderma viride strain LC52 (also known as Trichoderma viride strain LU132, e.g., Sentinel from Aglaucus Technologies Ltd.) + TX, Trichoderma viride strain NMI V08 / 002388 + TX, Trichoderma viride strain NMI V08 / 002389 + TX, Trichoderma viride strain NMI V08 / 002390 + TX, Trichoderma viride strain SC1 (described in WO 2009 / 116106) + TX, Trichoderma harzianum strain 1295-22 + TX, Trichoderma harzianum strain ITEM 908 + TX, *Trichoderma harzianum* strain T-22 (e.g., from Andermatt Biocontrol or Corbett's Trianum-P) + TX, *Trichoderma harzianum* strain TSTh20 + TX, *Trichoderma viride* strain GI-3 + TX, *Trichoderma viride* strain GL-21 (e.g., from SoilGard®, Cetis, USA) + TX, *Trichoderma viride* strain B35 (Pietr et al., 1993, Zesz.Nauk.AR w Szczecinie161: 125-137) + TX, *Verticillium leuciscus* strain WCS850 (CBS 276.92, e.g., from Tree Care Innovations' Dutch Trig) + TX, *Agrobacterium radiata* strain K84 (from Ager Biochemicals' Galltrol) +TX, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, especially strain PTS-4838 (e.g., AVEO from Valencia Biosciences, USA) + TX, Bacillus mycoides, isolate J. (e.g., BmJ from Certis USA) + TX, Bacillus spheroidae, especially serotype H5a5b strain 2362 (strain ABTS-1743) (e.g., VECTOLEX® from Valencia Biosciences, USA) + TX, Bacillus thuringiensis Israel strain BMP 144 (e.g., AQUABAC® from Becker Microbial Products IL, Illinois) + TX, Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. niger strain GC-91 + TX, Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. niger, especially serotype H-7 (e.g., FLORBAC® WG from Valencia Biosciences, USA) + TX, Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. niger, especially strain ABTS-1857 (SD-1372, e.g., XENTARI® from Valencia Biosciences) + TX, Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. Israel (serotype H-14) strain AM65-52 (accession number ATCC 1276) (e.g., VECTOBAC® from Valencia Biosciences) + TX, Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. Kurstak strain ABTS 351 + TX, Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. Kurstak strain BMP 123 (from Becker Microbial Products, Illinois, and BARITONE from Bayer Crop Science) + TX, Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. Kurstak strain EG 2348 (from Certis, Inc., USA) + TX, Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. Kurstak strain EG 7841 (from CRYMAX, Certis, Inc., USA) + TX, Bacillus thuringiensis Kurstak subspecies HD-1 (e.g., DIPEL® ES from Valencia Biosciences, USA) + TX, Bacillus thuringiensis Kurstak subspecies PB 54 + TX, Bacillus thuringiensis Kurstak subspecies SA 11 (JAVELIN from Certis, USA) + TX, Bacillus thuringiensis Kurstak subspecies SA 12 (THURICIDE from Certis, USA) + TX, Bacillus thuringiensis Tenebrionibacterium subspecies NB 176 (SD-5428, e.g., NOVODOR® FC from BioFa DE, Germany) + TX, Bacillus thuringiensis Colmer variant (e.g., TIANBAOBTC from Changzhou Jianghai Chemical Factory) + TX, Bacillus thuringiensis Japanese variant Buibui +TX, Bacillus thuringiensis Kurstak variant strain EVB-113-19 (e.g., BIOPROTEC® from AEF Global) + TX, Bacillus laterosporus + TX, Burkholderia species, especially Burkholderia renogeri strain A396 (also known as Burkholderia renogeri strain MBI 305) (accession numbers NRRL B-50319, WO2011 / 106491 and WO 2013 / 032693, e.g., MBI206 TGAI and ZELTO® from Maronny BioInnovation) + TX, Chromobacterium subtsugae, especially strain PRAA4-1T (e.g., MBI-203, e.g., GRANDEVO® from Maronny BioInnovation) + TX, Scabies ve6 (from MYCOTAL, Cobert) + TX, Paenibacillus popilliae (formerly Bacillus popilliae, e.g., MILKY SPORE POWDER™ or MILKY SPORE GRANULAR™ from St. Gabriel Laboratories) + TX, Serratia entomophila (e.g., INVADE® from Wrightson Seeds) + TX, Serratia scabra, especially strain SRM (accession number MTCC 8708) + TX, Trichoderma echinococcus (from Novozymes' TRICHODERMAX) + TX, Wolbachia pipientis ZAP strain (e.g., ZAPMALES® from MosquitoMate) + TX, Beauveria bassiana strain ATCC 74040 (e.g., NATURALIS® from Intrachem Bio Italia) + TX, Beauveria bassiana strain ATP02 (accession number DSM24665), Apopka 97 (from SePRO PREFERAL) + TX, Beauveria bassiana strain GHA (accession number ATCC74250, e.g., from Laverlam International Corporation BOTANIGUARD® ES and MYCONTROL-O®) + TX, Metarhizium anisopliae 3213-1 (deposited under NRRL accession number 67074, disclosed in WOIn 2017 / 066094, Pioneer Hi-Bred International (+TX), *Metarhizium anisopliae* Roberts 15013-1 (deposited under NRRL accession 67073) + TX, *Metarhizium anisopliae* Roberts 23013-3 (deposited under NRRL accession 67075) + TX, *Paecilomyces lilacinus* strain 251 (from Certis, USA, MELOCON) + TX, *Cydia pomonella* (codling moth) granulovirus (GV) + TX, *Helicoverpa armigera* (cotton bollworm) nucleopolyhedrovirus (NPV) + TX, *Adoxophyes orana* (summer fruit tortrix) granulovirus (GV) + TX, and *Spodoptera exigua* (beet armyworm) mNPV + TX. TX, fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda) mNPV + TX, Burkholderia species, especially Burkholderia cepacia (formerly known as Pseudomonas cepacia) + TX, Giaspora species + TX, Glomus species + TX, Laccaria species + TX, LactoBacillus buchneri + TX, Paraglomus species + TX, Pisolithus tinctorus + TX, Pseudomonas species + TX, Rhizobium species, especially Rhizobium trifolium + TX, Rhizopogon species + TX, Scleroderma species + TX TX, *Streptomyces* spp. + TX, *Suillus* spp. + TX, *Agrobacterium* spp. + TX, *Azorhizobium caulinodans* + TX, *Azospirillum* spp. + TX, *Azotobacter* spp. + TX, *Bradyrhizobium* spp. + TX, *Gigaspora*Monosporum + TX, Garlic (NEMGUARD from Eco-Spray, BRALIC from ADAMA) + TX, Armour-Zen + TX, Wormwood + TX, Biokeeper WP + TX, Cruciferous extracts, especially rapeseed powder or mustard powder + TX, Cassia nigricans + TX, Bitter vine + TX, Chestnut nut + TX, Quinoa saponin extract from quinoa seeds (e.g., Heads Up® (quinoa saponins) from Heads Upplant Protectants, Canada) + TX, Chitin + TX, Dryopteris filix-mas + TX, Horsetail + TX, Fortune Aza + TX, Fungastop + TX, Melaleuca alternifolia extract (TIMOREX GOLD from Stockton, STK) + TX TX, naturally occurring blad peptides extracted from lupin seeds (FRACTURE® from FMC) + TX, naturally occurring blad peptides extracted from lupin seeds (PROBLAD® from Sertis Europe) + TX, pyrethroids + TX, Quassia amara + TX, Quercus + TX, soapberry extract (QL AGRI 35 from BASF) + TX, REGALIA MAXX (from Maroni Biosciences) + TX, Requiem™ insecticide + TX, Reynoutria sachalinensis extract (REGALLIA + TX, ryanodine / rennetine + TX, comfrey + TX, artemisia + TX, thymol + TX, thymol mixed with geraniol (CEDROZ from Eden Research) +TX, Thymol (MEVALONE from Eden Research) mixed with geraniol and eugenol +TX, Triact 70+TX, TriCon+TX, Tropaeulum majus+TX, Nettle+TX, Veratrine+TX, Mistletoe+TX, Mercuric oxide+TX, Octathione+TX, Methylthiophanate+TX, MGK 264+TX, 2-(2-butoxyethoxy)ethyl piperine+TX, 2-isovaleryl indan-1,3-dione+TX, 4-(quinoxalo-2-ylamino)benzenesulfonamide+TX, 5-(1,3-benzodioxane-5-yl)-3-hexylcyclohex-2-enone+TX, Aramaic acid benzene+TX, Aramaic acid benzene-S-methyl+TX, α-bromadiolone+TX, α-chlorool+TX, aluminum phosphide+TX, anthraquinone+TX, antagonist+TX, arsenic trioxide+TX, barium carbonate+TX, chlorpyrifos+TX, dicofuridine+TX, bromadiolone+TX, bromadiolone+TX, bromadiolone+TX, calcium cyanide+TX, chloralose+TX, chlorpyrifos+TX, cholecalciferol+TX, cloquintocet (including cloquintocet-mexyl)+TX, copper naphthenate+TX, copper oxychloride+TX, chlorpyrifos+TX, chlorpyrifos+TX, chlorpyrifos+TX, chlorpyrifos+TX, chlorpyrifos+TX, chlorpyrifos+TX, chlorpyrifos+TX, chlorpyrifos+TX TX, Cyprodinil + TX, Diazinon + TX, Allylmethrin + TX, Dicyclopentadiene + TX, Ratoxetine + TX, Thiamethoxam + TX, Dimethomorph + TX, Calciferol + TX, Farnesol + TX, Farnesol with Nerolidol + TX, Fenchlorazole (including fenchlorazole-ethyl) + TX, Fenchloridine + TX, Flufenoxuron + TX, Fluoroacetamide + TX, Flufenoxuron + TX, Flufenoxuron Hydrochloride + TX, Flufenoxuron + TX, Fenchlorazole + TX, Gamma-HCH + TX, Biguanidine Octyl Salt + TX, Biguanidine Octyl Acetate + TX, HCH + TX, Hydrogen Cyanide + TX, Imanin + TX, Iodoform + TX, Isoxafen (including isoxadifen-ethyl) + TX, Lindane + TX, Magnesium Phosphate + TX, MB-599 + TX, Mefenpyr (including Mefenpyr-diethyl) + TX, Mefenpyr + TX, Carbendazim + TX, Methyl Bromomethyl + TX, Nerolidol + TX, Sodium Chloride + TX, Petroleum Oil + TX, Ratphosphide + TX, Phosphine + TX, Phosphate + TX, Warfarin + TX, Piperyl Butyl Ether + TX, Synergistic Aldehyde + TX, Potassium Arsenite + TX, Thiamethoxam + TX, Propyl Isomer + TX, Pyridine-4-amine + TX, Warfarin + TX, Polygonum cuspidatum Extract + TX, Ribavirin + TX, S421 + TX, Allyloside + TX, Synergistic Powder + TX, Sesamin + TX, Sodium Arsenite + TX, Sodium Cyanide + TX, Sodium Fluoroacetate + TX, Strychnine + TX, Sulfoxide+ TX, Thallium Sulfate + TX, Ciprofloxacin + TX, Mixed Carbendazim + TX, Warfarin + TX, Zinc Naphthenate + TX, Zinc Phosphide + TX, Zinc Thiram + TX.

[0351] References in parentheses following the active ingredient, such as [3878-19-1], refer to Chemical Abstracts Registry Numbers. The mixtures described above are known. In cases where the active ingredient is included in “The Pesticide Manual” [The Pesticide Manual - A World Compendium; 13th Edition; edited by CDS TomLin; The British Crop Protection Council], they are described therein by the entry number given in parentheses above for the specific compound; for example, the compound “avermectin” is described by entry number (1). In cases where “[CCN]” is added above for the specific compound, the compound in question is included in “Compendium of Pesticide Common Names”, which is available on the Internet [A. Wood; Compendium of Pesticide Common Names [Copyright © 1995-2004]; for example, the compound “acetoprole” is described at the Internet address http: / / www.alanwood.net / pesticides / acetoprole.html.

[0352] Most of the active ingredients described above are indicated by what are referred to as “common names” above, with the corresponding “ISO common name” or another “common name” used in different contexts. If the name is not a “common name,” the type of name used is replaced by the name given in parentheses for the specific compound; in this case, the IUPAC name, IUPAC / Chemical Abstracts name, “chemical name,” “common name,” “compound name,” or “development code” is used, or if neither of those names nor a “common name” is used, an “alias” is used. “CAS Registry Number” refers to the Chemical Abstracts Registry Number.

[0353] A mixture of a compound having formula (I) selected from compounds defined in Tables A-1 to A-48, B-1 to B-36 and Table P, and the active ingredient described above, comprises a compound selected from one compound defined in Tables A-1 to A-48, B-1 to B-36 and Table P, and the active ingredient as described above. The compound and the active ingredient are preferably in a mixing ratio from 100:1 to 1:6000, especially from 50:1 to 1:50, more especially from 20:1 to 1:20, even more especially from 10:1 to 1:10, very especially from 5:1 and 1:5, particularly preferably from 2:1 to 1:2, and equally preferably from 4:1 to 2:1, especially 1:1, or 5:1, or 5:2, or 5:3, or 5: 4, or 4:1, or 4:2, or 4:3, or 3:1, or 3:2, or 2:1, or 1:5, or 2:5, or 3:5, or 4:5, or 1:4, or 2:4, or 3:4, or 1:3, or 2:3, or 1:2, or 1:600, or 1:300, or 1:150, or 1:35, or 2:35, or 4:35, or 1:75, or 2:75, or 4:75, or 1:6000, or 1:3000, or 1:1500, or 1:350, or 2:350, or 4:350, or 1 The ratios are 2:750, 2:750, or 4:750. These mixing ratios are by weight.

[0354] The compounds and mixtures described above can be used in methods for controlling pests, excluding methods of treating humans or animals by surgical or therapeutic procedures and diagnostic methods performed on humans or animals, such as applying compositions containing the compounds or mixtures described above to pests or their environment.

[0355] A mixture of a compound having formula (I) and one or more active ingredients as described above, comprising compounds selected from those defined in Tables A-1 to A-48, B-1 to B-36, and Table P, can be applied, for example, as a single "ready-to-use with water" formulation, as a combined spray mixture (consisting of individual formulations of single active ingredient components, such as "tank mixes"), and when these single active ingredients are applied in a sequential manner (i.e., one after another within a moderately short period of time, such as hours or days). The order in which the compound having formula (I) and the active ingredients as described above are applied is not essential for carrying out the invention.

[0356] The compounds according to the invention can be used as pest control agents in their unmodified form, but they are generally formulated into compositions using various formulation aids such as carriers, solvents, and surfactants. Formulations can be in different physical forms, for example, as: powders, gels, wettable powders, water-dispersible granules, water-dispersible tablets, effervescent compressed tablets, emulsifiable concentrates, microemulsifiable concentrates, oil-in-water emulsions, flowable oils, aqueous dispersants, oily dispersants, suspensions, capsule suspensions, emulsifiable granules, soluble liquids, water-soluble concentrates (using water or water-miscible organic solvents as carriers), impregnated polymer films, or other known forms, such as those known from the Manual on Development and Use of FAO and WHO Specifications for Pesticides, United Nations, First Edition, Second Revision (2010). Such formulations can be used directly or diluted before use. It can be diluted, for example, with water, liquid fertilizer, micronutrients, biological organisms, oil or solvents.

[0357] These formul...

Claims

1. A compound having formula (I) (I) Where A 1 It is CH or N; Q is Qa or Qb , where the wavy line represents the connection between Q and the remaining part of the compound having the formula (I); R 1 It is hydrogen, C1-C6 alkyl, C1-C6 cyanoalkyl, C1-C3 alkoxy-C1-C6 alkyl, C2-C6 alkenyl, C2-C6 alkynyl, C3-C4 cycloalkyl-C1-C2 alkyl or C1-C6 alkoxycarbonyl; R 2a and R 2a' Each of the following is independently hydrogen, halogen, cyano, C1-C3 alkyl, or C3-C4 cycloalkyl; or R 2a and R 2a' Together with the carbon atoms to which they are attached, they form C3-C6 cycloalkyl groups; R 2b It is a C3-C4 cycloalkyl group that is hydrogen, halogen, C1-C3 haloalkyl, C1-C3 haloalkoxy, cyano, SF5, C1-C3 alkylthioalkyl, C1-C3 alkylsulfinyl, C1-C3 alkylsulfonyl, C1-C3 haloalkylthioalkyl, C1-C3 haloalkylsulfinyl, C1-C3 haloalkylsulfonyl, C1-C5 cyanoalkyl, C1-C5 cyanoalkoxy, C3-C4 cycloalkyl C1-C2 alkyl, C3-C4 cycloalkyl C1-C2 haloalkyl, C3-C4 cycloalkyl carbonyl, or optionally substituted with one or two substituents independently selected from the group consisting of: halogen, -CN, C1-C3 alkyl, and C1-C3 haloalkyl; R 3 It is a C1-C3 alkyl or a C1-C3 haloalkyl; R 4 It is pyridyl, pyrimidinyl, pyrazinyl, pyridazinyl, or thiazolyl, each of which is independently and optionally substituented by a single substituent R. 4b Replace; or R 4 It is optionally replaced by a single substituent R 4c N-substituted oxo-pyridazinyl; R 4a It is a pyridinyl, pyrimidinyl, pyrazinyl, pyridazinyl, thiazolyl, pyrazol-1-yl, or N-linked triazole group, each of which is independently and optionally substituented by a single R. 4b Replace; or R 4a It is optionally replaced by a single substituent R 4c N-substituted oxo-pyridazinyl; R 4b It is hydrogen, halogen, cyano, hydroxyl, C1-C3 alkyl, C1-C3 haloalkyl, C1-C3 alkoxy, C1-C3 haloalkoxy, -C(O)NR 10 R 11 -N(R) 11 )C(O)OR 10 or -N(R) 11 )C(O)R 10 ; R 4c It is a C1-C3 alkyl, C1-C3 haloalkyl, allyl, propyneyl, or C3-C6 cycloalkyl or C1-C4 alkyl; R 5 R 5a and R 5b It is independently hydrogen, halogen, C1-C3 alkyl, C1-C3 alkoxy, or C3-C4 cycloalkyl; R 10 It is hydrogen, C1-C3 alkyl, C3-C6 cycloalkyl, C3-C4 cycloalkyl, C1-C2 alkyl, C1-C3 cyanoalkyl, cyanoC3-C6 cycloalkyl, C1-C3 alkoxyC1-C3 alkyl, or C1-C4 haloalkyl; R 11 It is hydrogen, hydroxyl, C1-C3 alkyl, C3-C4 cycloalkyl, cyanoC3-C6 cycloalkyl, C1-C3 cyanoalkyl, C1-C3 alkoxyC1-C3 alkyl, C1-C3 haloalkyl or C1-C3 alkoxy; X is an oxygen atom or a sulfur atom; Or an agriculturally chemically acceptable salt, stereoisomer, enantiomer, tautomer, or N-oxide of the compound having formula (I).

2. The compound according to claim 1, wherein A 1 It is CH.

3. The compound according to claim 1 or 2, wherein X is oxygen.

4. The compound according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein R 1 It is hydrogen, methyl, or cyclopropylmethyl.

5. The compound according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein R 2a and R 2a' All are hydrogen, fluorine, methyl, or ethyl; or R 2a and R 2a' Together with the carbon atoms to which they are attached, they form cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, or cyclopentyl groups.

6. The compound according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein R 3 It is a methyl group.

7. The compound according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein - Q is Q a And R 4 It is Q c -1、Q c -2、Q c -3、Q c -4、Q c -5, Q c -6、Q c -7、Q c -8 or Q c -9; or - Q is Q b And R 4a It is Q c -1、Q c -2、Q c -3、Q c -4、Q c -5, Q c -6、Q c -7、Q c -8、Q c -9、Q c -10 or Q c -11: ； R 4b It is hydrogen, bromine, cyano, methyl, ethyl, methoxy, ethoxy, -C(O)NHR 11 -C(O)N(CH3)R 11 -NHC(O)R 10 -N(CH3)C(O)R 10 or-N(CH3)C(O)OR 10 ;and R 4c It is methyl, ethyl, allyl, propargyl or cyclopropylmethyl.

8. The compound according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein R 10 It is hydrogen, methyl, ethyl, isopropyl, cyclopropyl, or cyanomethyl, preferably, R 10 It is hydrogen, methyl, or cyanomethyl; and R 11 It is hydrogen, methyl, ethyl, cyanomethyl, 2-cyanoethyl, cyclopropyl, 1-cyanocyclopropyl, or methoxy, preferably, R 11 It is either hydrogen or methyl.

9. The compound according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein R 4 It is pyrazin-2-yl, pyrimidin-2-yl, 1-methyl-6-oxo-pyridazin-3-yl, 6-methoxypyridazin-3-yl, 5-cyano-2-pyridinyl, 6-carbamoylpyrimidin-4-yl, 6-(methylcarbamoyl)pyrimidin-4-yl, 6-(methoxycarbonylamino)pyrimidin-4-yl, 6-cyanopyrimidin-4-yl, 5-bromopyrimidin-2-yl, 5-bromopyrazin-2-yl, 5-carbamoyl-thiazolyl-2-yl, or 5-cyanothiazol-2-yl; and R 4a It is 5-cyano-2-pyridyl.

10. The compound according to any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein - Q is Q a And R 5 It is hydrogen, cyclopropyl, or methoxy; or - Q is Q b R 5a It is hydrogen, fluorine, cyclopropyl, trifluoromethyl, or difluoromethoxy; and R 5b It is hydrogen, fluorine, or methoxy.

11. The compound according to any one of claims 1 to 10, wherein R 5 R 5a and R 5b It is hydrogen.

12. A composition comprising a compound according to any one of claims 1 to 11, one or more adjuvants and diluents, and optionally one or more other active ingredients.

13. A method, which is (i) A method for combating and controlling insects, mites, nematodes, or mollusks, said method comprising applying to the pest, the site of the pest, or plants susceptible to pest attack an effective amount of the insecticide, acaricide, nematodeicide, or molluskicide according to any one of claims 1 to 11 or the composition according to claim 12; or (ii) A method for protecting plant propagation material from attack by insects, mites, nematodes, or mollusks, the method comprising treating the plant propagation material or the site where the propagation material is grown with an effective amount of the compound according to any one of claims 1 to 11 or the composition according to claim 12; or (iii) A method for controlling parasites inside or on the body surface of an animal in need, the method comprising administering an effective amount of the compound according to any one of claims 1 to 11 or the composition according to claim 12.

14. A plant propagation material, such as a seed, said plant propagation material comprising, or coated with, said compound or said composition, any one of claims 1 to 11 or the composition of claim 12, or treated with, or having said compound or said composition attached thereto.

15. A compound having the formula IIa-1 or II-b Where A 1 R 2a R 2a' and R 2b As defined in claims 1, 2 and 5, the condition is R 2a and R 2a' They are not both hydrogen; and R a It is a C1-C6 alkyl or benzyl group; The following compounds are excluded: 。

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