Constellation shaping for multi-user multiple-input multiple-output

Abstract

For example, an apparatus may be a wireless device, such as a UE, configured to receive an indication of at least one shaping operation associated with one or more additional wireless devices of a plurality of wireless devices, where each wireless device of the plurality of wireless devices is associated with MU-MIMO communication, and wherein the first wireless device is included in the plurality of wireless devices. The apparatus may be configured to receive a DL transmission associated with the MU-MIMO communication, perform demodulation of the DL transmission based on the indication, and output a result of the demodulation of the DL transmission for at least one of sending to at least one other wireless device or storing locally at the first wireless device.

Description

[0001] Cross Reference to Related Applications

[0002] This application claims the benefit of U.S. Nonprovisional Patent Application Serial No. 18 / 448,128, entitled “CONSTELLATION SHAPING FOR MULTIPLE USER MULTIPLE INPUT MULTIPLE OUTPUT” and filed on August 10, 2023, which is expressly incorporated by reference herein in its entirety. TECHNICAL FIELD

[0003] The present disclosure relates generally to communication systems, and more particularly to constellation shaping operations used in association with multiple user (MU) multiple input multiple output (MIMO) (MU-MIMO) communications. BACKGROUND

[0004] Wireless communication systems are widely deployed to provide various telecommunication services such as telephony, video, data, messaging, and broadcasts. Typical wireless communication systems can employ multiple-access technologies capable of supporting communication with multiple users by sharing available system resources. Examples of such multiple-access technologies include code division multiple access (CDMA) systems, time division multiple access (TDMA) systems, frequency division multiple access (FDMA) systems, orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA) systems, single-carrier frequency division multiple access (SC-FDMA) systems, and time division synchronous code division multiple access (TD-SCDMA) systems.

[0005] These multiple access technologies have been adopted in various telecommunication standards to provide a common protocol that enables different wireless devices to communicate on a municipal, national, regional, and even global level. One example of a telecommunication standard is 5G New Radio (NR). 5G NR is part of a continuous mobile broadband evolution promulgated by Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) to meet new requirements associated with SUMMARY

[0006] The following presents a simplified summary of one or more aspects in order to provide a basic understanding of such aspects. This summary is not an extensive overview of all contemplated aspects. It is intended to neither identify key or critical elements of all aspects nor delineate the scope of any or all aspects. Its sole purpose is to present some concepts of one or more aspects in a simplified form as a prelude to the more detailed description that is presented later.

[0007] In an aspect of the disclosure, a method, a computer-readable medium, and an apparatus are provided. The apparatus can be a wireless device, such as a user equipment (UE), configured to receive an indication of at least one shaping operation associated with one or more additional wireless devices of a plurality of wireless devices, wherein each wireless device of the plurality of wireless devices is associated with a MU-MIMO communication, and wherein the first wireless device is included in the plurality of wireless devices. The apparatus can be configured to receive a downlink (DL) transmission associated with the MU-MIMO communication, perform demodulation of the DL transmission based on the indication, and output a result of the demodulation of the DL transmission for at least one of: transmission to at least one other wireless device or local storage at the first wireless device.

[0008] In an aspect of the disclosure, a method, a computer-readable medium, and an apparatus are provided. The apparatus can be a network node, such as a base station, configured to output, for a first wireless device, an indication of at least one shaping operation associated with one or more additional wireless devices of a plurality of wireless devices, wherein each wireless device of the plurality of wireless devices is associated with a MU-MIMO communication, and wherein the first wireless device is included in the plurality of wireless devices. The apparatus can be configured to generate a set of symbols for a DL transmission associated with the MU-MIMO communication based on a first shaping operation associated with the first wireless device and the at least one shaping operation, and output the DL transmission for transmission to the plurality of wireless devices.

[0009] To the accomplishment of the foregoing and related aspects, one or more aspects can include the features recited in the following description and the claims, both in their broadest and more limited aspects. The following description and accompanying drawings detail exemplary features of one or more aspects. However, these features are indicative of but a few of the various ways in which one or more aspects can be implemented. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0010] Figure 1 is a diagram illustrating an example of a wireless communications system and an access network.

[0011] Figure 2A is a diagram illustrating an example of a first frame in accordance with various aspects of the disclosure.

[0012] Figure 2B is a diagram illustrating an example of a downlink (DL) channel within a subframe in accordance with various aspects of the present disclosure.

[0013] Figure 2C is a diagram illustrating an example of a second frame in accordance with various aspects of the present disclosure.

[0014] Figure 2D is a diagram illustrating an example of an uplink (UL) channel within a subframe in accordance with various aspects of the present disclosure.

[0015] Figure 3 is a diagram illustrating an example of a base station and user equipment (UE) in an access network.

[0016] Figure 4A is a diagram illustrating a first (unshaped and / or uniform) probability distribution between points in a constellation associated with quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) and a second (shaped) probability distribution between points in a constellation associated with QAM in accordance with some aspects of the present disclosure.

[0017] Figure 4B is a diagram illustrating shaped QAM in accordance with some aspects of the present disclosure.

[0018] Figure 5 is a call flow diagram illustrating a method of wireless communication associated with shaping operations applied to one or more layers of MU-MIMO communication in accordance with some aspects of the present disclosure.

[0019] Figure 6 is a flowchart of a method of wireless communication.

[0020] Figure 7 is a flowchart of a method of wireless communication.

[0021] Figure 8 is a flowchart of a method of wireless communication.

[0022] Figure 9 is a flowchart of a method of wireless communication.

[0023] Figure 10 is a diagram illustrating an example of a hardware implementation for an example apparatus and / or network entity.

[0024] Figure 11 is a diagram illustrating an example of a hardware implementation for an example network entity. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0025] The detailed description set forth below, in connection with the appended drawings, is a description of various configurations and does not represent the only configurations in which the concepts described herein can be practiced. The detailed description includes specific details for the purpose of providing a thorough understanding of various concepts. However, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that these concepts can be practiced without these specific details. In some instances, well-known structures and components are shown in block diagram form, in order to avoid obscuring such concepts.

[0026] Several aspects of telecommunication systems are presented with reference to various apparatus and methods. These apparatus and methods are described in the following detailed description and illustrated in the accompanying drawings by various blocks, components, circuits, processes, algorithms, etc. (collectively referred to as “elements”). These elements can be implemented with electronic hardware, computer software, or any combination thereof. Whether such elements are implemented as hardware or software depends on the particular application and design constraints imposed on the overall system.

[0027] By way of example, an element, or any portion of an element, or any combination of elements can be implemented as a “processing system” that includes one or more processors. When implemented in a multi-processor system, the processors can be single-core or multi-core, and thus the terms “processor” and “core” are used interchangeably herein. Examples of processors include microprocessors, microcontrollers, graphics processing units (GPUs), central processing units (CPUs), application processors, digital signal processors (DSPs), reduced instruction set computing (RISC) processors, systems on a chip (SoC), baseband processors, field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), programmable logic devices (PLDs), state machines, gated logic, discrete hardware circuits, and other suitable hardware configured to perform the various functionality described throughout this disclosure. One or more processors in the processing system can execute software. Software shall be construed broadly to mean instructions, instruction sets, code, code segments, program code, programs, subprograms, software components, applications, software applications, software packages, routines, subroutines, objects, executables, threads of execution, procedures, functions, or any combination of any of the foregoing. A processor can be implemented alone or in combination with other processors, e.g., in a multi-core system.

[0028] Accordingly, in one or more example aspects, implementations, and / or use cases, the described features can be implemented in hardware, software, or any combination thereof. If implemented in software, the functions can be stored on or encoded as one or more instructions or code on a computer-readable medium. Computer-readable media includes computer storage media. Storage media can be any available media that can be accessed by a computer. By way of example, and not limitation, such computer-readable media can comprise a random-access memory (RAM), read-only memory (ROM), electrically erasable programmable ROM (EEPROM), optical disk storage, magnetic disk storage, other magnetic storage devices, combinations of the aforementioned types of computer-readable media, or any other medium that can be used to store computer executable code in the form of instructions or data structures that can be accessed by a computer.

[0029] While aspects, implementations, and / or use cases are described in this application by illustration to some examples, those examples are not intended to limit the scope of aspects, implementations, and / or use cases. Numerous additional aspects, implementations, and / or use cases can be derived from examples that are disclosed in this application, with equivalence to each disclosed feature. It will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that various details of the aspects, implementations, and / or use cases can be changed without departing from the scope of the aspects, implementations, and / or use cases. Furthermore, unless otherwise indicated, the aspects, implementations, and / or use cases described in this application can be used in any combination. It will also be appreciated by those of ordinary skill in the art that some features of the aspects, implementations, and / or use cases described in this application can be widely used in combination with some but not other features. In particular, some features of the aspects, implementations, and / or use cases described in this application can be widely used in combination with one or more aspects, implementations, and / or use cases described in other applications. Thus, the scope of the aspects, implementations, and / or use cases described in this application should not be limited to only the features described in this application but should be given broad coverage.

[0030] Deployment of communication systems, such as a 5G NR system, can be arranged in various ways with various components or constituent parts. In a 5G NR system or network, a network node, network entity, mobility element of a network, radio access network (RAN) node, core network node, network element, or network equipment, such as a base station (BS), or one or more units (or one or more components) that perform base station functionality, can be implemented in an aggregated or disaggregated architecture. For example, a BS, such as a Node B (NB), an evolved NB (eNB), an NR BS, a 5G NB, an access point (AP), a transmission reception point (TRP), or a cell, etc., can be implemented as an aggregated base station (also referred to as a standalone BS or a monolithic BS) or a disaggregated base station.

[0031] An aggregated base station can be configured to utilize a radio protocol stack that is physically or logically integrated within a single RAN node. A disaggregated base station can be configured to utilize a protocol stack that is physically or logically distributed between two or more units, such as one or more central or centralized units (CUs), one or more distributed units (DUs), or one or more radio units (RUs). In some aspects, a CU can be implemented within a RAN node, and one or more DUs can be co-located with the CU or, alternatively, can be geographically or virtually distributed in one or more other RAN nodes. The DUs can be implemented to communicate with one or more RUs. Each of the CU, DU, and RU can be implemented as a virtual unit, i.e., a virtual central unit (VCU), a virtual distributed unit (VDU), or a virtual radio unit (VRU).

[0032] Base station operations or network designs can take into account the aggregated nature of base station functionality. For example, a disaggregated base station can be utilized in an integrated access backhaul (IAB) network, an open radio access network (O-RAN (such as a network configuration initiated by the O-RAN Alliance)), or a virtualized radio access network (vRAN, also referred to as a cloud radio access network (C-RAN)). Disaggregation can include distributing functionality across two or more units at various physical locations, as well as virtually distributing functionality of at least one unit, which can enable flexibility in network design. The various units of a disaggregated base station or disaggregated RAN architecture can be configured for wired or wireless communication with at least one other unit.

[0033] Various aspects generally relate to using bit shaping (e.g., probability shaping (PS), geometric shaping (GS), and / or distribution matching (DM)) in association with MU-MIMO communications. In some aspects, probability shaping (e.g., as an example of bit shaping) can be used to generate a non-uniformly distributed quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) constellation to maximize achievable information rate (AIR) (e.g., associated with mutual information such as I(X;Y) of channel inputs “X” and outputs “Y”).

[0034] In some aspects, the PS for improving AIR can be probability amplitude shaping (PAS), in which the distribution of the amplitudes of a modulation constellation is shaped, and the signs of the constellation remain uniform. In some aspects of PAS, the shaping can be applied prior to decoding, and the shaping can use systematic FEC to preserve the shaping of information bits and map parity check bits to the signs of the constellation. In some aspects, PAS can provide benefits for single-input single-output (SISO), and can provide similar or greater benefits for MIMO. For example, for MIMO associated with PAS, one or more interfering (or interfering) layers can be shaped, where a non-linear demodulator (e.g., sphere decoding) can exploit the shaping to better estimate the interfering symbols.

[0035] For single-user MIMO (SU-MIMO), a receiver (e.g., a UE) can know the shaping information about the interfering layers and / or the signal layers (e.g., where the shaping information of the interfering layers can be the same as the signal layers). However, for MU-MIMO, a first receiver (e.g., a first UE) of a plurality of receivers associated with the MU-MIMO can have difficulty obtaining information about the interfering layers associated with other receivers of the plurality of receivers. In some aspects of wireless communication, a relevant standard can provide limited constraints and / or side information related to MU-MIMO scheduling. For example, there can be no explicit information related to the presence of co-scheduled UEs, and there is no guarantee of matching allocation (e.g., modulation and coding scheme (MCS) and / or PAS parameters) across co-scheduled UEs. In some aspects, a standard (or specification) can specify a common DMRS location for one or more co-scheduled UEs, a base station can use orthogonal DMRS ports across co-scheduled UEs, and the base station can use the same scrambling sequence across the orthogonal DMRS ports. In some aspects, the PDSCH RB allocation can be a physical resource group (PRG) that is aligned across co-scheduled UEs. In some aspects, a UE can detect whether there are co-scheduled UEs. Then, having the base station indicate the presence of co-scheduled UEs can be one way for the UE to make the detection. Thus, co-scheduling of UEs can be associated with MU interference presence determination at the base station or the UE.

[0036] In some aspects (e.g., related to 5G (as of Release 17)), for a UE with an advanced MU receiver for MU-MIMO, the UE can blindly detect the presence of MU interference (e.g., associated with a co-scheduled user or UE) and / or the modulation order (e.g., MCS) associated with the MU interference. In some aspects, blind detection can be used to perform joint demodulation across the signal and the MU interference for a UE. If the MU-MIMO is further associated with a constellation shaping operation (e.g., one of PS, PAS, GS, or another shaping operation), the joint demodulation can be further complicated by the shaping operation. For example, the UE can detect the presence of the MU interference, the modulation order, and the shaping operation. In some cases, “joint demodulation” across signals A (intended for this user) and B (intended for another user) means here that the receiver for A will try to exploit the modulation structure of B when demodulating A. Mathematically, the MIMO signal can be written as: Y = A + B + noise. A regular demodulator can demodulate A by treating B as (Gaussian) noise. Further, a joint demodulator can demodulate A by exploiting the fact that signal B comes from a finite constellation different from the noise structure. For example, a joint demodulator can find the best estimate of B (B’), then subtract that B’ from Y, and demodulate A from y - B’. Another form of joint demodulator can go through all possible combinations of A and B, and select the best combination among the combinations. For example, assume A and B are each modulated from four different possible constellation points (e.g., QPSK). Then, a joint demodulator can try to demodulate A + B by enumerating all 4 X 4 = 16 possible combinations of A and B. Some form of joint demodulation algorithm can include: maximum likelihood (ML), sphere detection, lattice detection, successive cancellation, message passing, belief propagation detection, etc. In some aspects, network-assisted signaling can be used to reduce the MU detection complexity associated with MU-MIMO in conjunction with shaping operations.

[0037] Some aspects relate more specifically to signaling to support MU-MIMO with shaping. In some examples, a first wireless device can transmit a first capability indication that the first wireless device is capable of performing joint demodulation based on an indication of at least one shaping operation, or a second capability indication of whether the first wireless device is capable of performing blind detection of at least one of an MCS or a parameter associated with the at least one shaping operation, and a network node can receive the first capability indication or the second capability indication. Based on one or more of the first capability indication or the second capability indication, the network node can transmit an indication of at least one shaping operation associated with one or more additional wireless devices of a plurality of wireless devices, and the wireless device can receive the indication. In some aspects, each wireless device of the plurality of wireless devices is associated with a MU-MIMO communication, and the first wireless device is included in the plurality of wireless devices. In some aspects, the network node can generate a set of symbols for a transmission (e.g., a DL transmission, a PDSCH transmission, a PDCCH transmission, etc.) associated with the MU-MIMO communication based on a first shaping operation associated with the first wireless device and the at least one shaping operation. In some aspects, the network node can output the (generated) DL transmission for transmission to the plurality of wireless devices, and the first wireless device can receive the DL transmission associated with the MU-MIMO communication, perform demodulation of the DL transmission based on the indication (e.g., the indicated at least one shaping operation), and can output a result of the demodulation of the DL transmission for at least one of transmission to at least one other wireless device (or the network node) or local storage at the first wireless device. For example, the indication of the at least one shaping operation can refer to a shaping operation that applies to commonly scheduled UEs.

[0038] Particular aspects of the subject matter described in this disclosure can be implemented to realize one or more of the following potential advantages. In some examples, by providing signaling of shaping operations associated with MU-MIMO, the described techniques can be used to provide significant performance benefits (e.g., >2 dB shaping gain over uniform QAM, blind MU modulation order detection, and / or advanced MIMO receivers) and / or complexity savings (over blind MU PAS information detection) at the cost of very small signaling overhead (e.g., one to a few bits per DL transmission) from a network node (e.g., a base station) to a wireless device.

[0039] Figure 1is a diagram 100 illustrating examples of wireless communication systems and access networks. The illustrated wireless communication systems include a disaggregated base station architecture. The disaggregated base station architecture can include one or more CUs 110 that can communicate directly with a core network 120 via a backhaul link, or indirectly with the core network 120 through one or more disaggregated base station units, such as a near real-time (near-RT) RAN intelligent controller (RIC) 125 via an E2 link, or a non-real-time (non-RT) RIC 115 associated with a service management and orchestration (SMO) framework 105, or both. The CUs 110 can communicate with one or more DUs 130 via respective midhaul links, such as Fl interfaces. The DUs 130 can communicate with one or more RUs 140 via respective front-haul links. The RUs 140 can communicate with respective UEs 104 via one or more radio frequency (RF) access links. In some implementations, a UE 104 can be simultaneously served by multiple RUs 140.

[0040] Each of the units (i.e., the CUs 110, the DUs 130, the RUs 140, and the near-RT RIC 125, the non-RT RIC 115, and the SMO framework 105) can include or be coupled to one or more interfaces configured to receive or transmit signals, data, or information (collectively, signals) via a wired or wireless transmission medium. Each of the units or an associated processor or controller providing instructions to the communication interfaces of the units can be configured to communicate with one or more of the other units via the transmission medium. For example, the units can include wired interfaces configured to receive or transmit signals to or from one or more of the other units through a wired transmission medium. Additionally, the units can include wireless interfaces that can include receivers, transmitters, or transceivers (such as RF transceivers) configured to receive or transmit signals to or from one or more of the other units through a wireless transmission medium, or both.

[0041] In some aspects, the CU 110 can host one or more higher layer control functions. Such control functions can include radio resource control (RRC), packet data convergence protocol (PDCP), service data adaptation protocol (SDAP), and / or the like. Each control function can be implemented with an interface configured to communicate signals with other control functions hosted by the CU 110. The CU 110 can be configured to handle user plane functionality (i.e., central unit-user plane (CU-UP)), control plane functionality (i.e., central unit-control plane (CU-CP)), or a combination thereof. In some implementations, the CU 110 can be logically split into one or more CU-UP units and one or more CU-CP units. When implemented in an O-RAN configuration, the CU-UP units can communicate bi-directionally with the CU-CP units via an interface, such as an El interface. The CU 110 can be implemented to communicate with the DUs 130 as needed for network control and signal transfer.

[0042] The DUs 130 can correspond to logical units that include one or more base station functions for controlling the operation of one or more RUs 140. In some aspects, the DUs 130 can host one or more of a radio link control (RLC) layer, a medium access control (MAC) layer, and one or more high physical (PHY) layers (such as modules for forward error correction (FEC) encoding and decoding, scrambling, modulation and demodulation, and / or the like) in accordance with, at least in part, a function split, such as those defined by 3GPP. In some aspects, the DUs 130 can further host one or more low PHY layers. Each layer (or module) can be implemented with an interface configured to communicate signals with other layers (and modules) hosted by the DUs 130 or with control functions hosted by the CU 110.

[0043] The lower layer functionality can be implemented by one or more RUs 140. In some deployments, the RUs 140 controlled by the DUs 130 can correspond to logical nodes that host RF processing functions or low PHY layer functions (such as performing fast Fourier transform (FFT), inverse FFT (iFFT), digital beamforming, or physical random access channel (PRACH) extraction and filtering, and / or the like) or both based, at least in part, on a function split, such as a lower layer function split. In such an architecture, the RUs 140 can be implemented to handle over-the-air (OTA) communications with one or more UEs 104. In some implementations, real-time and non-real-time aspects of control plane communications and user plane communications with the RUs 140 can be controlled by the corresponding DUs 130. In some scenarios, this configuration can enable the DUs 130 and the CUs 110 to be implemented in a cloud-based RAN architecture, such as a vRAN architecture.

[0044] The SMO framework 105 can be configured to support RAN deployment and orchestration of non-virtualized network elements and virtualized network elements. For non- virtualized network elements, the SMO framework 105 can be configured to support deployment of dedicated physical resources for RAN coverage requirements, which can be managed via an operations and maintenance interface, such as an Ol interface. For virtualized network elements, the SMO framework 105 can be configured to interact with a cloud computing platform, such as Open Cloud (O-Cloud) 190, to perform network element lifecycle management, such as to instantiate virtualized network elements, via a cloud computing platform interface, such as an 02 interface. Such virtualized network elements can include, but are not limited to, CUs 110, DUs 130, RUs 140, and near-RT RICs 125. In some implementations, the SMO framework 105 can communicate with hardware aspects of a 4G RAN, such as Open eNBs (O-eNBs) 111, via an Ol interface. Additionally, in some implementations, the SMO framework 105 can communicate directly with one or more RUs 140 via an Ol interface. The SMO framework 105 can also include a non-RT RIC 115 configured to support functionality of the SMO framework 105.

[0045] The non-RT RIC 115 can be configured to include logical functions that enable near real-time control and optimization of RAN elements and resources, artificial intelligence (AI) / machine learning (ML) (AI / ML) workflows including model training and updates, or policy-based direction of applications / features in the near-RT RIC 125. The non-RT RIC 115 can be coupled to or in communication with the near-RT RIC 125, such as via an Al interface. The near-RT RIC 125 can be configured to include logical functions that enable near real-time control and optimization of RAN elements and resources via data collection and actions over an interface, such as via an E2 interface, that connects one or more CUs 110, one or more DUs 130, or both, and an O-eNB with the near-RT RIC 125.

[0046] In some implementations, to generate AI / ML models to be deployed in the near-RT RIC 125, the non-RT RIC 115 can receive parameters or external enrichment information from an external server. Such information can be utilized by the near-RT RIC 125 and can be received at the SMO framework 105 or the non-RT RIC 115 from non-network data sources or from network functions. In some examples, the non-RT RIC 115 or the near-RT RIC 125 can be configured to tune RAN behavior or performance. For example, the non-RT RIC 115 can monitor long-term trends and patterns of performance and employ AI / ML models to perform corrective actions through the SMO framework 105, such as via reconfiguration of Ol, or via creation of RAN management policies, such as Al policies.

[0047] At least one of the CU 110, the DU 130, and the RU 140 can be referred to as a base station 102. Thus, the base station 102 can include one or more of the CU 110, the DU 130, and the RU 140, each component indicated in dashed line to represent that each component can or can not be included in the base station 102. The base station 102 provides wireless access to the core network 120 for the UEs 104. The base station 102 can include a macro cell (high power cellular base station) and / or a small cell (low power cellular base station). The small cell includes a femto cell, a pico cell, and a micro cell. A network that includes both small cells and macro cells can be known as a heterogeneous network. The heterogeneous network can also include home evolved node-Bs (eNBs) (HeNBs), which can provide service to a restricted group known as a closed subscriber group (CSG). The communication links between the RUs 140 and the UEs 104 can include uplink (UL) (also referred to as reverse link) transmissions from a UE 104 to a RU 140 and / or downlink (DL) (also referred to as forward link) transmissions from a RU 140 to a UE 104. The communication links can use multiple-input and multiple-output (MIMO) antenna technology, including spatial multiplexing, beamforming, and / or transmit diversity. The communication links can be through one or more carriers, and each carrier can be a band of frequency waves having a predetermined Yx MHz ( x The base station 102 / UE 104 can use spectrum up to Y MHz (e.g., 5, 10, 15, 20, 100, 400, etc. MHz) bandwidth per carrier allocated in carrier aggregation. The carriers can or can not be adjacent to each other. The allocation of carriers can be asymmetric with respect to DL and UL (e.g., more or less carriers can be allocated for DL than for UL). The component carriers can include a primary component carrier and one or more secondary component carriers. A primary component carrier can be referred to as a primary cell (PCell) and a secondary component carrier can be referred to as a secondary cell (SCell).

[0048] Certain UEs 104 can communicate with each other using device-to-device (D2D) communication links 158. The D2D communication links 158 can use the DL / UL WWAN spectrum. The D2D communication links 158 can use one or more sidelink channels, such as a physical sidelink broadcast channel (PSBCH), a physical sidelink discovery channel (PSDCH), a physical sidelink shared channel (PSSCH), and a physical sidelink control channel (PSCCH). D2D communication can be through a variety of wireless D2D communications systems, such as for example, Bluetooth ™ (Bluetooth is a trademark of Bluetooth Special Interest Group (SIG)), Wi-Fi ™ (Wi-Fi is a trademark of Wi-Fi Alliance), LTE, or NR, based on the IEEE 802.11 standard.

[0049] The wireless communications system can also include a Wi-Fi AP 150 in communication with UEs 104 (also known as Wi-Fi stations (STAs)) via communication links 154, e.g., in a 5 GHz unlicensed frequency spectrum or the like. When communicating in an unlicensed frequency spectrum, the UEs 104 / AP 150 can perform a clear channel assessment (CCA) prior to communicating in order to determine whether the channel is available.

[0050] The electromagnetic spectrum is often subdivided based on frequency / wavelength into various classes, bands, channels, and so on. In 5G NR, two initial operating bands have been identified as frequency range designations FR1 (410 MHz to 7.125 GHz) and FR2 (24.25 GHz to 52.6 GHz). Despite a portion of FR1 being greater than 6 GHz, FR1 is often referred to (interchangeably) as a “sub-6 GHz” band in various documents and articles. A similar nomenclature issue sometimes occurs with respect to FR2, which is often (interchangeably) referred to as a “millimeter wave” band in documents and articles, despite the frequencies being lower than the extremely high frequency (EHF) band (30 GHz to 300 GHz) which is designated as a “millimeter wave” band by the International Telecommunications Union (ITU).

[0051] The frequencies between FR1 and FR2 are often referred to as mid-band frequencies. Recent 5G NR studies have identified operating bands for these mid-band frequencies as frequency range designation FR3 (7.125 GHz to 24.25 GHz). Bands that fall within FR3 can inherit FR1 and / or FR2 characteristics, and thus can effectively extend the features of FR1 and / or FR2 to mid-band frequencies. Moreover, higher bands are currently being explored to extend 5G NR operations beyond 52.6 GHz. For example, three higher operating bands have been identified as frequency range designations FR2-2 (52.6 GHz to 71 GHz), FR4 (71 GHz to 114.25 GHz), and FR5 (114.25 GHz to 300 GHz). Each of these higher bands falls within the EHF band.

[0052] With the above in mind, unless specifically stated otherwise, if the term “sub-6 GHz” or like term is used herein, this can broadly represent frequencies that can be less than 6 GHz, can be within FR1, or can include mid-band frequencies. Further, unless specifically stated otherwise, if the term “millimeter wave” or like term is used herein, this can broadly represent frequencies that can include mid-band frequencies, can be within FR2, FR4, FR2-2, and / or FR5, or can be within the EHF band.

[0053] The base stations 102 and the UEs 104 can each include multiple antennas (such as antenna elements, antenna panels, and / or antenna arrays) to facilitate beamforming. The base stations 102 can transmit to UEs 104 in one or more transmit directions 186 on the downlink 104. The UEs 104 can transmit to the base stations 102 in one or more transmit directions 188 on the uplink 106. The base stations 102 / UEs 104 can perform beam training to determine the best receive and transmit directions for each of the base stations 102 / UEs 104. The transmit and receive directions for the base stations 102 can or can not be the same. The transmit and receive directions for the UEs 104 can or can not be the same.

[0054] The base stations 102 can include and / or be referred to as gNBs, NodeBs, eNBs, access points, base transceiver stations, radio base stations, radio transceivers, transceiver functions, basic service sets (BSSs), extended service sets (ESSs), TRPs, network nodes, network entities, network equipment, or some other suitable terminology. The base stations 102 can be implemented as integrated access and backhaul (IAB) nodes, relay nodes, sidelink nodes, aggregated (monolithic) base stations with baseband units (BBUs) including CUs and DUs and RUs, or as disaggregated base stations including one or more of CUs, DUs, and / or RUs. A collection of base stations that can include disaggregated base stations and / or aggregated base stations can be referred to as a next generation (NG) RAN (NG-RAN).

[0055] The core network 120 can include an access and mobility management function (AMF) 161, a session management function (SMF) 162, a user plane function (UPF) 163, a unified data management (UDM) 164, one or more location servers 168, and other functional entities. The AMF 161 is a control node that handles signaling between the UEs 104 and the core network 120. The AMF 161 supports registration management, connection management, mobility management, and other functions. The SMF 162 supports session management and other functions. The UPF 163 supports packet routing, packet forwarding, and other functions. The UDM 164 supports generation of authentication and key agreement (AKA) credentials, user identification handling, access authorization, and subscription management. The one or more location servers 168 are illustrated as including a gateway mobile location center (GMLC) 165 and a location management function (LMF) 166. However, in general, the one or more location servers 168 can include one or more location / determination servers, which can include one or more of a GMLC 165, an LMF 166, a positioning determination entity (PDE), a serving mobile location center (SMLC), a mobile positioning center (MPC), and the like. The GMLC 165 and the LMF 166 support UE location services. The GMLC 165 provides an interface for clients / applications (e.g., emergency services) to access UE positioning information. The LMF 166 receives measurements and assistance information from the NG-RAN and the UE 104 via the AMF 161 to compute a position of the UE 104. The NG-RAN can utilize one or more positioning methods to determine a position of the UE 104. Positioning the UE 104 can involve signal measurements, position estimation, and optional velocity calculations based on these measurements. The signal measurements can be made by the UE 104 and / or the base stations 102 serving the UE 104. The measured signals can be based on one or more of a satellite positioning system (SPS) 170 (e.g., Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS), Global Positioning System (GPS), Non-Terrestrial Network (NTN), or other satellite positioning / location system), LTE signals, Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN) signals, Bluetooth signals, Terrestrial Beacon System (TBS), sensor-based information (e.g., barometric pressure sensors, motion sensors), NR Enhanced Cell ID (NR E-CID) methods, NR signals (e.g., multi-round trip time (multi-RTT), DL angle of departure (DL-AoD), DL time difference of arrival (DL-TDOA), UL time difference of arrival (UL-TDOA), and UL angle of arrival (UL-AoA) positioning), and / or other systems / signals / sensors.

[0056] Examples of a UE 104 include a cellular phone, a smart phone, a session initiation protocol (SIP) phone, a laptop, a personal digital assistant (PDA), a satellite radio, a global positioning system, a multimedia device, a video device, a digital audio player (e.g., MP3 player), a camera, a game console, a tablet, a smart device, a wearable device, a vehicle, an electric meter, a gas pump, a large or small kitchen appliance, a healthcare device, an implant, a sensor / actuator, a display, or any other similar functional device. Some of the UEs 104 can be referred to as IoT devices (e.g., a parking timer, a gas pump, a toaster, a vehicle, a heart monitor, etc.). The UE 104 can also be referred to as a station, a mobile station, a subscriber station, a mobile unit, a subscriber unit, a wireless unit, a remote unit, a mobile device, a wireless device, a wireless communications device, a remote device, a mobile subscriber station, an access terminal, a mobile terminal, a wireless terminal, a remote terminal, a handset, a user agent, a mobile client, a client, or some other suitable terminology. In some scenarios, the term UE can also apply to one or more accessory devices such as in a device constellation arrangement. One or more of these devices can collectively or individually access a network.

[0057] Referring again to Figure 1In certain aspects, the UE 104 can have a MU-MIMO shaping component 198 that can be configured to receive an indication of at least one shaping operation associated with one or more additional wireless devices of a plurality of wireless devices, where each wireless device of the plurality of wireless devices is associated with a MU-MIMO communication, and where the first wireless device is included in the plurality of wireless devices. The MU-MIMO shaping component 198 can be configured to receive a DL transmission associated with the MU-MIMO communication, perform demodulation of the DL transmission based on the indication, and output a result of the demodulation of the DL transmission for at least one of: transmission to at least one other wireless device or local storage at the first wireless device. In certain aspects, the base station 102 can have a MU-MIMO shaping component 199 that can be configured to output, for a first wireless device, an indication of at least one shaping operation associated with one or more additional wireless devices of a plurality of wireless devices, where each wireless device of the plurality of wireless devices is associated with a MU-MIMO communication, and where the first wireless device is included in the plurality of wireless devices. The MU-MIMO shaping component 199 can be configured to generate a set of symbols for a DL transmission associated with the MU-MIMO communication based on a first shaping operation associated with the first wireless device and the at least one shaping operation, and output the DL transmission for transmission to the plurality of wireless devices. While the following description can focus on 5G NR, the concepts described herein can be applicable to other similar areas, such as LTE, LTE-A, CDMA, GSM, and other wireless technologies.

[0058] Figure 2A FIG. 200 is a diagram 200 illustrating an example of a first subframe within a 5G NR frame structure. Figure 2B FIG. 230 is a diagram 230 illustrating an example of DL channels within a 5G NR subframe. Figure 2C FIG. 250 is a diagram 250 illustrating an example of a second subframe within a 5G NR frame structure. Figure 2D FIG. 280 is a diagram 280 illustrating an example of UL channels within a 5G NR subframe. The 5G NR frame structure can be frequency-division duplexed (FDD) in which Figure 2A 、 Figure 2CIn the examples provided, a 5G NR frame structure is assumed to be TDD with subframe 4 configured with slot format 28 (with mostly DL), where D is DL, U is UL, and F is flexible to use between DL / UL, and subframe 3 configured with slot format 1 (with all UL). While subframes 3, 4 are shown with slot formats 1, 28, respectively, any particular subframe can be configured with any of the various available slot formats 0-61. Slot formats 0, 1 are all DL, UL, respectively. Other slot formats 2-61 include a mix of DL, UL, and flexible symbols. UEs are configured with a slot format (dynamically through DL control information (DCI) or semi-statically / statically through radio resource control (RRC) signaling) through a received slot format indicator (SFI). Note that the following description also applies for a 5G NR frame structure that is FDD.

[0059] Figure 2A to Figure 2D A frame structure is illustrated, and aspects of the disclosure can be applicable to other wireless communication technologies that can have different frame structures and / or different channels. One frame (10 ms) can be divided into 10 equal sized subframes (1 ms). Each subframe can include one or more slots. A subframe can also include mini-slots, which can contain 7, 4, or 2 symbols. Each slot can contain 14 or 12 symbols depending on whether a cyclic prefix (CP) is normal or extended. For a normal CP, each slot can contain 14 symbols, and for an extended CP, each slot can contain 12 symbols. A symbol on the DL can be a CP-orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) (CP-OFDM) symbol. A symbol on the UL can be a CP-OFDM symbol (for high throughput scenarios) or a discrete Fourier transform (DFT) spread OFDM (DFT-s-OFDM) symbol (for power limited scenarios; limited to single stream transmission). The number of slots within a subframe depends on the CP and the numerology. The numerology defines the subcarrier spacing (SCS) (see Table 1). The symbol length / duration can be scaled with 1 / SCS.

[0060]

[0061] Table 1: Numerology, SCS, and CP

[0062] For a normal CP (14 symbols / slot), different numerologies µ 0 to 4 allow 1, 2, 4, 8, and 16 slots per subframe, respectively. For an extended CP, numerology 2 allows 4 slots per subframe. Thus, for a normal CP and numerology µ, there are 14 symbols / slot and 2 µ slots / subframe. The subcarrier spacing can be equal to where The numerologies 0 through 4 are provided. Thus, the subcarrier spacing for the numerology µ = 0 is 15 kHz, and the subcarrier spacing for the numerology µ = 4 is 240 kHz. The symbol length / duration is inversely related to the subcarrier spacing. Figure 2A to Figure 2D An example of a normal CP with 14 symbols per slot and a numerology µ = 2 with 4 slots per subframe is provided. The slot duration is 0.25 ms, the subcarrier spacing is 60 kHz, and the symbol duration is approximately 16.67 μs. Within a frame set, there can be one or more different bandwidth parts (BWPs) that are frequency division multiplexed (see Figure 2B ). Each BWP can have a particular numerology and CP (normal or extended).

[0063] A resource grid can be used to represent the frame structure. Each time slot includes a resource block (RB) (also referred to as a physical RB (PRB)) that extends 12 consecutive subcarriers. The resource grid is divided into multiple resource elements (REs). The number of bits carried by each RE depends on the modulation scheme.

[0064] As illustrated in Figure 2A Some of the REs carry reference (pilot) signals (RS) for the UE. The RS can include demodulation RS (DM-RS) (indicated as R for one particular configuration, but other DM-RS configurations are possible) and channel state information reference signals (CSI-RS) for channel estimation at the UE. The RS can also include beam measurement RS (BRS), beam refinement RS (BRRS), and phase tracking RS (PT-RS).

[0065] Figure 2BExamples of various DL channels are illustrated. The physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) carries DCI within one or more control channel elements (CCEs) (e.g., 1, 2, 4, 8, or 16 CCEs), each CCE including six RE groups (REGs), each REG including 12 consecutive REs in an OFDM symbol of an RB. A PDCCH within one BWP can be referred to as a control resource set (CORESET). A UE is configured to monitor PDCCH search space (e.g., common search space, UE-specific search space) for PDCCH candidates during PDCCH monitoring occasions on the CORESET, where the PDCCH candidates have different DCI formats and different aggregation levels. Additional BWPs can be located at higher and / or lower frequencies of the channel bandwidth. A primary synchronization signal (PSS) can be within symbol 2 of particular subframes of a frame. The PSS is used by a UE 104 to determine subframe / symbol timing and physical layer identity. A secondary synchronization signal (SSS) can be within symbol 4 of particular subframes of a frame. The SSS is used by a UE to determine physical layer cell identity group number and radio frame timing. Based on the physical layer identity and the physical layer cell identity group number, the UE can determine a physical cell identifier (PCI). Based on the PCI, the UE can determine the locations of DM-RS. The physical broadcast channel (PBCH), which carries a master information block (MIB), can be logically grouped with the PSS and SSS to form a synchronization signal (SS) / PBCH block (also referred to as SS block (SSB)). The MIB provides a number of RBs in the system bandwidth and a system frame number (SFN). The physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH) carries user data, broadcast system information (such as system information blocks (SIBs)), and paging messages.

[0066] As Figure 2C illustrated, some of the REs carry DM-RS (indicated as R for one particular configuration, but other DM-RS configurations are possible) for channel estimation at the base station. The UE can transmit DM-RS for channel estimation at the base station. The UE can transmit DM-RS for the physical uplink control channel (PUCCH) and the physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH). The PUSCH DM-RS can be transmitted in the first one or two symbols of a PUSCH. The PUCCH DM-RS can be transmitted in different configurations depending on whether short or long PUCCH is transmitted and depending on the particular PUCCH format used. The UE can transmit a sounding reference signal (SRS). The SRS can be transmitted in the last symbol(s) of a subframe. The SRS can have a comb- structure, and a UE can transmit an SRS on one of the combs. The SRS can be used by a base station for channel quality estimation to enable frequency-dependent scheduling for the UL.

[0067] Figure 2DExamples of various UL channels are illustrated. The PUCCH can be located as indicated in one configuration. The PUCCH carries uplink control information (UCI), such as scheduling requests, channel quality indicator (CQI), precoding matrix indicators (PMI), rank indicators (RI), and hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ) acknowledgment (ACK) (HARQ-ACK) feedback (i.e., one or more HARQ ACK bits indicating one or more ACKs and / or negative ACKs (NACKs)). The PUSCH carries data, and can additionally be used to carry buffer status reports (BSR), power headroom reports (PHR), and / or UCI.

[0068] Figure 3 is a block diagram of the components of base station 310 and UE 350, which can be used in implementing the techniques described in this disclosure. At the base station 310, a transmit processor 320 can receive data from a data source 312 and control information from a controller / processor 340. The transmit processor 320 can process (e.g., encode and modulate) the data and control information to generate data symbols and control symbols, which can be precoded by a TX MIMO processor 322 if applicable, further processed by a modulator 324, and transmitted to the UE 350 via the antennas 326. At the UE 350, the antennas 354 can receive the transmitted signals, and the signals can be processed by a demodulator 356 to generate processed signals. A receive processor 358 can then process the processed signals to obtain data and control information, which can be provided to a data sink 360 and the controller / processor 359, respectively. The controller / processor 359 can include a processor 359 and memory 359, and can be used to implement the techniques described in this disclosure.

[0069] The transmit (TX) processor 316 and the receive (RX) processor 370 implement layer 1 functionality associated with various signal processing functions. Layer 1, which includes a physical (PHY) layer, can include error detection on the transport channels, forward error correction (FEC) coding / decoding of the transport channels, interleaving, rate matching, mapping to physical channels, modulation / demodulation of physical channels, and MIMO antenna processing. The TX processor 316 handles mapping to signal constellations based on various modulation schemes (e.g., binary phase-shift keying (BPSK), quadrature phase-shift keying (QPSK), M-phase-shift keying (M-PSK), M-quadrature amplitude modulation (M-QAM)). The coded and modulated symbols can then be split into parallel streams. Each stream can then be mapped to an OFDM subcarrier, multiplexed with a reference signal (e.g., pilot) in the time and / or frequency domain, and then combined together using an inverse fast Fourier transform (IFFT) to produce a physical channel carrying a time domain OFDM symbol stream. The OFDM stream is spatially precoded to produce multiple spatial streams if multiple spatial streams are used. Channel estimates from a channel estimator 374 can be used to determine the beamforming

[0070] At the UE 350, each receiver 354Rx receives a signal through its respective antenna 352. Each receiver 354Rx recovers information modulated onto an RF carrier and provides the information to the receive (RX) processor 356. The TX processor 368 and the RX processor 356 implement layer 1 functionality associated with various signal processing functions. The RX processor 356 can perform spatial processing on the information to recover any spatial streams destined for the UE 350. If multiple spatial streams are destined for the UE 350, they can be combined by the RX processor 356 into a single OFDM symbol stream. The RX processor 356 then converts the OFDM symbol stream from the time domain to the frequency domain using a fast Fourier transform (FFT). The frequency domain signal comprises a separate OFDM symbol stream for each subcarrier of the OFDM signal. The symbols on each subcarrier, and the reference signal, are recovered and demodulated by determining the most likely signal constellation points transmitted by the base station 310. These soft decisions can be based on channel estimates computed by the channel estimator 358. The soft decisions are then decoded and deinterleaved to recover the data and control signals that were originally transmitted by the base station 310 on the physical channel. The data and control signals are then provided to the controller / processor 359, which implements layer 3 and layer 2 functionality.

[0071] The controller / processor 359 may be associated with at least one memory 360 storing program code and data. The at least one memory 360 may be referred to as a computer-readable medium. In the UL, the controller / processor 359 provides demultiplexing, packet reassembly, decryption, header decompression, and control signal processing between transport and logical channels to recover IP packets. The controller / processor 359 is also responsible for error detection using ACK and / or NACK protocols to support HARQ operation.

[0072] Similar to the functionality described in conjunction with DL transmission performed by base station 310, controller / processor 359 provides RRC layer functionality associated with system information (e.g., MIB, SIB) acquisition, RRC connectivity, and measurement reporting; PDCP layer functionality associated with header compression / decompression and security (encryption, decryption, integrity protection, integrity verification); RLC layer functionality associated with upper-layer PDU delivery, error correction via ARQ, concatenation, segmentation and reassembly of RLC SDUs, resegmentation of RLC data PDUs, and reordering of RLC data PDUs; and MAC layer functionality associated with mapping between logical channels and transport channels, multiplexing of MAC SDUs onto TBs, demultiplexing of MAC SDUs from TBs, scheduling information reporting, error correction via HARQ, priority handling, and logical channel priority ordering.

[0073] The TX processor 368 can use the channel estimate derived from the reference signal or feedback transmitted by the channel estimator 358 from the base station 310 to select an appropriate decoding and modulation scheme and facilitate spatial processing. The spatial stream generated by the TX processor 368 can be provided to different antennas 352 via individual transmitters 354Tx. Each transmitter 354Tx can use the corresponding spatial stream to modulate an RF carrier for transmission.

[0074] UL transmission is processed at base station 310 in a manner similar to that described in conjunction with the receiver function at UE 350. Each receiver 318Rx receives signals via its corresponding antenna 320. Each receiver 318Rx recovers the information modulated onto the RF carrier and provides that information to RX processor 370.

[0075] The controller / processor 375 may be associated with at least one memory 376 storing program code and data. The at least one memory 376 may be referred to as a computer-readable medium. In the UL, the controller / processor 375 provides demultiplexing, packet reassembly, decryption, header decompression, and control signal processing to recover IP packets between transport and logical channels. The controller / processor 375 is also responsible for error detection using ACK and / or NACK protocols to support HARQ operation.

[0076] At least one of the TX processor 368, the RX processor 356, and the controller / processor 359 can be configured to perform aspects of the MU-MIMO shaping component 198 in connection with Figure 1

[0077] At least one of the TX processor 316, the RX processor 370, and the controller / processor 375 can be configured to perform aspects of the MU-MIMO shaping component 199 in connection with Figure 1

[0078] As discussed above, in some aspects, the PS for improving AIR can be a PAS, where the distribution of the amplitudes of the modulation constellation is shaped, and the signs of the constellation remain uniform. Figure 4A is a diagram 400 illustrating a first (unshaped and / or uniform) probability distribution 402 between points in a constellation associated with a QAM and a second (shaped) probability distribution 404 between points in the constellation associated with the QAM, in accordance with some aspects of the present disclosure. As shown, the probability of lower energy points in the constellation can increase, while the probability of higher energy points in the constellation can decrease. In some aspects, the modified probability can be associated with a modified scaling factor applied to the constellation points, such that the average power of the transmitted signal has unit power. The modified scaling factor associated with the modified probability can cause the constellation points to be more distinct (e.g., further apart in a representation using amplitude as a first axis and phase angle as a second axis, as illustrated by probability distribution 402 and probability distribution 404).

[0079] Figure 4B is a diagram 410 illustrating a QAM including shaping, in accordance with some aspects of the present disclosure. In some aspects in which a shaping operation is applied, a shaping 414 (e.g., one of a PS, a GS, a PAS, or another shaping operation) can be applied to a set of K information bits 412 prior to encoding (to produce a corresponding set of Ml shaped bits, where K < Ml, and in some aspects an additional set of M2 bits). In some aspects, systematic FEC 416 can be used to preserve the shaping of the information bits and map parity bits to the signs of the constellation. For example, the systematic FEC 416 can produce a set of shaped systematic bits 418, a set of unshaped systematic bits 420, and a set of parity bits 422. In some aspects, the output of the systematic FEC 416 can then be modulated via a QAM 424 to produce a signal 430 associated with a non-uniformly distributed QAM constellation, the QAM including a first mapping 426 to the amplitudes of the modulation symbols and a second mapping 428 to the signs of the symbols.

[0080] ​​In some aspects, the constraint imposed by the shaping operation can increase the number of coded symbols used to transmit the same amount of information (e.g., the same number of source bits). The increased number of coded symbols can be associated with or described using a “shaping rate” that is based on a ratio between a first number of coded symbols used to transmit a particular amount of information without shaping and a second number of coded symbols used to transmit the same amount of information with shaping. In some aspects, shaping can be associated with one or more of: a shaping parameter used to define probabilities associated with each constellation point based on a Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution (e.g., ) , a shaping distribution (e.g., explicitly defined), a power scaling factor (e.g., a factor associated with the power / amplitude of a separate constellation point used to ensure that the encoded transmission has a unit power), an MCS value associated with the encoded transmission, and / or a set of constellations (i.e., a set of candidate modulation symbols / points / constellations associated with a geometric shaping operation).

[0081] If constellation shaping (e.g., shaping operations) is used in conjunction with MU-MIMO communication, a first "user" (e.g., a first UE or a first radio device) among a plurality of users can receive DL transmissions associated with a subset of the MU-MIMO layers (e.g., spatial layers). Constellation shaping can refer to an energy-efficiency enhancement method for digital signal modulation that improves upon amplitude and phase shift keying (APSK) and conventional quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) by modifying the uniform distribution of data symbols to match the channel. Constellation shaping can include various types of shaping (e.g., probabilistic shaping, geometric shaping, bit shaping, PS, PAS, GS, and / or other shaping operations). To demodulate and / or decode associated data and / or layers of MU-MIMO, the first radio device can benefit from knowing the characteristics of signals associated with other layers of MU-MIMO communication (e.g., associated with other UEs or other radio devices). For example, the first UE may be able to perform joint demodulation based on known modulation order (e.g., associated with MCS) and / or parameters associated with a shaping operation used to encode a set of scrambling layers (e.g., layers associated with one or more other UEs or radio devices) of MU-MIMO communication. Additionally or alternatively, in some aspects, the first UE may benefit from knowing whether the set of scrambling layers is associated with a shaping operation, even if the specific shaping operation is unknown. For example, if the UE knows that a scrambling layer is associated with a shaping operation but is not provided with information about the specific shaping operation, the UE may determine that the cost (in terms of energy, latency, or other limited resources) of blind decoding for detecting the distribution (or other aspects of the shaping operation) may not outweigh the benefits (e.g., improved accuracy) of performing joint demodulation based on the detected information. Therefore, the UE may determine, based on knowledge of the shaping operation, to skip and / or avoid performing blind detection and simply perform demodulation without mitigating interference (where other interference mitigation may be performed based on other information at the UE).

[0082] Figure 5 This is a call flowchart 500 illustrating a method of wireless communication associated with shaping operations applied to one or more layers of MU-MIMO communication according to some aspects of this disclosure. Call flowchart 500 illustrates a base station 502 (e.g., as an example of a network device or network node that may include one or more components of a decomposed base station) and multiple UEs (e.g., a set of UEs 504 and additional UEs 505, as an example of a wireless device) associated with MU-MIMO communication. In some aspects, the functionality attributable to base station 502 may be provided by network entities, network nodes, or network devices (as described above regarding...). Figure 1one or more components of the wireless device that support communication with a network entity / node / device. Similarly, in some aspects, functions attributed to the UE 504 can be performed by one or more components of the wireless device that support communication with a network entity / node / device.

[0083] Accordingly, reference in the following description to “transmitting” by the base station 502 (or the UE 504) can be understood to mean that a first component of the base station 502 (or the UE 504) outputs (or provides) an indication of the content of the transmission to be transmitted by a different component of the base station 502 (or the UE 504). Similarly, reference in the following description to “receiving” by the base station 502 (or the UE 504) can be understood to mean that a first component of the base station 502 (or the UE 504) receives a transmitted signal and outputs (or provides) the received signal (or information based on the received signal) to a different component of the base station 502 (or the UE 504).

[0084] In some aspects, the UE 504 can transmit a capability indication 506, and the base station 502 can receive the capability indication. In some aspects, the capability indication 506 can indicate whether the UE 504 is capable of performing joint demodulation between a serving layer and a perturbing layer and / or whether the UE 504 is capable of performing blind detection of modulation order, shaping operations, or other aspects of the perturbing layer. Based on the capabilities indicated via the capability indication 506, the base station 502 can determine, at 507, the content of one or more shaping indications 508 for the UE 504. For example, if the UE 504 indicates (e.g., via the capability indication 506) that it is not capable of performing joint demodulation, the base station 502 can determine, at 507, that the one or more shaping indications can not include information regarding shaping operations (e.g., can be omitted), or can include information regarding scrambling sequences associated with DMRSs of co-scheduled UEs (e.g., one or more of the set of additional UEs 505).

[0085] However, if the UE 504 indicates (e.g., via the capability indication 506) that it is capable of performing joint demodulation, the base station 502 can determine at 507 that the one or more shaping indications can include one or more of: a characteristic of a shaping operation, an MCS value, or an MCS table associated with one or more precoded layers of the MU-MIMO. In some cases, the determination of the shaping indication can not depend on the UE capability. For example, the base station (e.g., gNB) can assume that the UE is capable of performing joint demodulation, and thus can transmit information to the UE regarding shaping of the co-scheduled UEs / layers. The UE can then decide whether to utilize the information to improve its performance, or to ignore the information and fall back to a default / simpler reception mode. In some aspects, the amount or type of information can be further based on an indication of whether the UE 504 is capable of performing blind detection to determine each or any of: a modulation order, a shaping operation (e.g., a distribution associated with the shaping operation and / or a set of constellations / constellation points associated with geometric shaping), or other aspects of the precoded layers. For example, if the UE 504 is capable of performing blind detection of any of the modulation order, the shaping operation, the shaping parameters, or other aspects of the precoded layers, the base station 502 can determine at 507 to omit the corresponding information that the UE 504 is capable of determining through blind detection. In some aspects, even if the UE 504 is capable of determining the characteristics of the precoded layers using blind detection, the base station can determine at 507 to send the information based on other considerations and / or criteria, such as power consumption or latency related to blind detection.

[0086] Based on the determination at 507, the base station 502 can transmit a set of shaping indications 508, and the UE 504 can receive the set. As described above, in some aspects, the set of shaping indications 508 can include an indication of one or more of: a set of characteristics of at least one shaping operation, an MCS value, and / or an MCS table. In some aspects, the set of characteristics of the at least one shaping operation can include a shaping rate, a shaping parameter (e.g., ), a shaping distribution, or a power scaling factor. In some aspects, a set of additional UEs 505 can be assumed to be co-scheduled, where the co-scheduled UEs are assumed to be scheduled with the same DMRS scrambling sequence on other orthogonal DMRS ports (e.g., CDM or FDMed) such that the UE 504 can perform channel estimation on those ports. In some aspects, where other UEs or layers of the MU-MIMO communication are associated with or use different DMRS scrambling sequences, the set of shaping indications can include one or more indications of the different DMRS scrambling sequences associated with one or more precoded layers of the MU-MIMO.

[0087] In some aspects, the set of shaping indications 508 can additionally or alternatively include an indication of whether the interfering layers are associated with the shaping operation. For example, the set of shaping indications 508 can include one or more of an indication (e.g., a 1-bit indication) of whether at least one interfering layer (e.g., the strongest interfering layer or any interfering layer) is associated with the shaping operation, an indication (e.g., a 1-bit indication) of whether a majority of layers (or interfering layers) are associated with the shaping operation, or an indication (e.g., a multi-bit indication, such as a bitmap) of whether, for each layer (or interfering layer), the layer is associated with the shaping operation. In some aspects, the base station can be configured (e.g., constrained) to use the same shaping operation for each layer of the MU-MIMO and / or for each co-scheduled UE, such that indicating the shaping operation for the serving layer can be associated with each of the interfering layers.

[0088] In some aspects, the set of shaping indications 508 can include an indication of one or more of whether there are co-scheduled UEs for the MU-MIMO communication, a number of co-scheduled layers for the MU-MIMO communication, a number of UEs in the set of additional UEs 505, and / or a set of time-frequency resources associated with the co-scheduled MU-MIMO communication with the set of additional UEs 505. In some aspects, the set of shaping indications 508 can be transmitted by the base station 502 and received by the UE 504 at least in part via the second-stage DCI. For example, if the base station 502 uses a two-stage DCI to schedule the MU-MIMO communication 512 discussed below, the set of shaping indications 508 can be transmitted at least in part in the second-stage DCI to minimize the overhead of the first-stage DCI, which can be rejected or otherwise retransmitted before confirming the set of resources for the MU-MIMO communication 512, as the information in the set of shaping indications 508 can not be used to determine the resources identified in the first-stage DCI, but can be used for demodulation and thus can be transmitted in a later stage. In some aspects, the base station 502 can implement a scheduling constraint such that the characteristics (e.g., shaping operation distribution and / or MCS) of each layer are the same, such that transmitting and / or receiving the set of shaping indications 508 can be omitted.

[0089] The base station 502 can generate, at 510, a set of signals (e.g., encode a set of bits) for a DL transmission associated with the MU-MIMO communication, as discussed above with respect to FIG. 5, based at least in part on the set of shaping indications 508. In some aspects, the base station 502 can generate the set of signals for the DL transmission based at least in part on the set of shaping indications 508 and the set of additional UEs 505. Figure 4BThe base station 502 can generate a set of symbols at 510 based on a first shaping operation associated with the UE 504 and, in some aspects, at least one shaping operation associated with one or more of the one or more interfering layers and / or the set of additional UEs 505. The base station 502 can transmit the MU-MIMO communication 512 (e.g., including the set of symbols generated at 510), and the UE 504 and the set of additional UEs 505 can receive the MU-MIMO communication. Additionally, shaping can be applied to the interfering layers (i.e., to the transmissions to the set of additional UEs 505), but not to the transmissions intended for the UE 504.

[0090] At 514, the UE 504 can determine a demodulation method for demodulating (and / or decoding) the MU-MIMO communication 512. In some aspects, the determination at 514 can be based on one or more of the capabilities of the UE 504 and / or the information included in the set of shaping indications 508. Based on the determination made at 514, the UE 504 can perform a set of pre-processing operations at 516. In some aspects, when the UE 504 is capable of performing blind detection, the set of pre-processing operations at 516 can include, at 518, a (blind) detection of the distribution associated with the shaping operation and / or a (blind) detection of the modulation (e.g., MCS) used for at least one interfering layer. In some aspects, the blind detection can be used to explore a plurality of possibilities for the distribution and / or the modulation, and select and / or identify the possibility that best fits and / or provides the best results. Additionally, the blind detection can blindly detect parameters associated with geometric shaping (e.g., to blindly detect a set of constellation symbols used for geometric shaping). In some aspects, the plurality of possibilities can be based on knowing that a MCS table indicated in the set of shaping indications 508 is associated with one or more interfering layers of the MU-MIMO communication 512. In some aspects, the MCS table can define a list of MCS entries, where each MCS entry can define a set of coding / modulation / shaping parameters associated with a coding / modulation / shaping scheme. Further, with knowledge of the MCS table for the interfering layers, the UE can blindly detect which MCS entry (or which subset of MCS entries) from the list of MCS entries is used on the interfering layers. When the UE 504 is not capable of blind detection, or if the set of shaping indications 508 includes enough information (or information that would otherwise be obtained through blind decoding) to perform joint demodulation without blind detection, the set of pre-processing operations at 516 can include, at 520, omitting the (blind) detection of the distribution and / or the modulation.

[0091] Based on one or more of the set of shaping indications 508 and / or the set of pre-processing operations at 516, in some aspects, the UE 504 can demodulate and / or decode the MU-MIMO communication 512 (e.g., data and / or layers of the MU-MIMO communication 512 associated with the UE 504) at 522. For example, in some aspects, the UE 504 can demodulate the MU-MIMO communication 512 by performing joint demodulation based on a distribution (or modulation) associated with at least one shaping operation indicated in the set of shaping indications 508 or detected and / or determined at 518. In some aspects, the demodulator that performs the demodulation can be a non-linear demodulator (e.g., a sphere decoder). In some aspects, the UE 504 can demodulate the MU-MIMO communication 512 by performing demodulation that does not take into account knowledge of a perturbing layer (e.g., without knowledge of a shaping operation associated with a perturbing layer and / or the set of additional UEs 505). In some aspects, data produced at 522 or data related to data produced at 522 (e.g., feedback) can be output to a local storage and / or to one or more of the base station 502 and / or the set of additional UEs 505 at 524.

[0092] Figure 6 is a flow diagram of a method of wireless communication. The method can be performed by a first wireless device such as a UE (e.g., the UE 104, 504; the apparatus 1004). In some aspects, the first wireless device can transmit, for a network node associated with a MU-MIMO communication, at least one of: a first additional indication that the first wireless device is capable of performing joint demodulation based on an indication of at least one shaping operation, or a second additional indication of whether the first wireless device is capable of performing blind detection of at least one of an MCS or a parameter associated with the at least one shaping operation. In some aspects, the parameter associated with the at least one shaping operation can be a distribution associated with the at least one shaping operation. For example, with reference to Figure 5 In some aspects, the UE 504 can transmit the capability indication 506.

[0093] At 604, the first wireless device can receive an indication of at least one shaping operation associated with one or more additional wireless devices of a plurality of wireless devices. For example, 604 can be performed by the UE 504 of FIG. 5A, the apparatus 1004 of FIG. 10, or a processor (e.g., in the UE 504, the apparatus 1004, etc.). Figure 10by the application processor 1006, the cellular baseband processor 1024, the transceiver 1022, the antenna 1080, and / or the MU-MIMO shaping component 198. In some aspects, each wireless device of the plurality of wireless devices can be associated with the MU-MIMO communication. In some aspects, the first wireless device can be included in the plurality of wireless devices. In some aspects, the at least one shaping operation can be one of a probabilistic amplitude shaping operation or a geometric shaping operation. In some aspects, the indication of the at least one shaping operation can include at least one of (1) a first single bit indication of whether at least one layer of the MU-MIMO communication is associated with a shaping operation, (2) a second single bit indication of whether a majority of layers of the MU-MIMO communication is associated with a shaping operation, or (3) one or more single bit indications indicating whether a shaping operation is associated with a corresponding additional wireless device of the one or more additional wireless devices (which together make up a multi-bit indication, such as a bitmap). In some aspects, the indication of the at least one shaping operation can include information regarding at least one MCS table associated with the one or more additional wireless devices.

[0094] In some aspects, the indication of the at least one shaping operation can include information regarding at least one of a ratio between a first number of data bits associated with the MU-MIMO communication prior to the at least one shaping operation and a second number of bits used to transmit in association with the MU-MIMO communication after the at least one shaping operation, a shaping parameter, a symbol distribution associated with the at least one shaping operation, a power scaling factor associated with the at least one shaping operation, and / or at least one MCS value associated with the at least one shaping operation for the one or more additional wireless devices. In some aspects, an MCS table can define a list of MCS entries, where each MCS entry can define a set of coding / modulation / shaping parameters associated with a coding / modulation / shaping scheme. Further, a UE can blindly detect which MCS entry (or which subset of MCS entries) from the list of MCS entries is used on an interfering layer based on knowing the MCS table used for a co-scheduled layer. Further, the indication of the at least one shaping operation can include information regarding at least one modulation and coding scheme (MCS) table associated with the one or more additional wireless devices. In some aspects, the indication of the at least one shaping operation can include information regarding one or more of whether there are wireless devices co-scheduled with the first wireless device, a number of co-scheduled layers of the MU-MIMO communication, a number of wireless devices of the one or more additional wireless devices, and / or a set of time-frequency resources associated with the co-scheduled MU-MIMO communication with the one or more additional wireless devices. In some aspects, receiving the indication of the at least one shaping operation at 604 can include receiving the indication at least in part via a second stage DCI. For example, with reference to Figure 5UE 504 can receive a set of shaping instructions 508.

[0095] In some aspects, the first wireless device may receive additional indication of a scrambling sequence associated with at least one DMRS associated with one or more additional wireless devices. In some aspects, subsequent demodulation of the DL transmission may be based on at least one DMRS (e.g., channel estimation performed based on at least one DMRS). For example, refer to Figure 5 UE 504 can receive a set of shaping instructions 508.

[0096] At 608, the first wireless device can receive DL transmissions associated with MU-MIMO communication. For example, 608 can be... Figure 10 The application processor 1006, cellular baseband processor 1024, transceiver 1022, antenna 1080, and / or MU-MIMO shaping component 198 are used to perform this operation. In some aspects, DL transmission associated with MU-MIMO communication may be associated with multiple wireless devices and may include one or more scrambling layers associated with at least one shaping operation. For example, refer to... Figure 5 UE 504 can receive MU-MIMO communication 512.

[0097] In some aspects, the first wireless device may collect information for demodulating MU-MIMO communication received at 608. In some aspects, collecting information may include avoiding detection of a distribution associated with at least one shaping operation. In some aspects, subsequent demodulation of DL transmission may be demodulation without considering knowledge of at least one shaping operation associated with at least one of: at least one layer of MU-MIMO communication, most layers of MU-MIMO communication, or one or more additional wireless devices. In some aspects, avoiding distribution detection may be based on a determination that demodulation can be performed without additional information other than the information included in the indication received at one of 604 or 606. For example, refer to... Figure 5 UE 504 may omit (blind) detection of distribution and / or modulation at 520.

[0098] In some aspects, the information collected may include one or more of the following: blind detection of the distribution associated with at least one shaping operation and / or blind detection of the modulation order associated with at least one of at least one of at least one of one or more additional radio devices in MU-MIMO communication. In some aspects, blind detection of the modulation order and / or the distribution associated with at least one shaping operation may be based on at least one MCS table received at 604. For example, refer to Figure 5 UE 504 may omit (blind) detection of distribution and / or modulation at 520.

[0099] At 614, the first wireless device can perform demodulation of the DL transmission based on an instruction. For example, 614 can be... Figure 10 The application processor 1006, cellular baseband processor 1024, transceiver 1022, antenna 1080, and / or MU-MIMO shaping component 198 are used to perform the demodulation. In some aspects, demodulation of DL transmissions may be further based on joint demodulation of one or more of the modulation order and / or distributions associated with at least one shaping operation. In some aspects, demodulation of DL transmissions may be based on a nonlinear demodulator. In some aspects, blind detection of the modulation order and / or distributions associated with at least one shaping operation may be based on at least one MCS table received at 604. In some aspects, demodulation of DL transmissions may be demodulation without considering knowledge of at least one shaping operation associated with at least one of: at least one layer of MU-MIMO communication, most layers of MU-MIMO communication, or one or more additional wireless devices. For example, refer to Figure 5 UE 504 can demodulate and / or decode MU-MIMO communication 512 at 522.

[0100] At 616, the first wireless device can output the demodulated result of the DL transmission for use in at least one of the following: transmission to at least one other wireless device or local storage at the first wireless device. For example, 616 can be... Figure 10 The application processor 1006, cellular baseband processor 1024, transceiver 1022, antenna 1080, and / or MU-MIMO shaping component 198 are used to perform the demodulation. In some aspects, the result of demodulation can be either data sent by the network node or an indication that the DL transmission has been successfully received. For example, refer to Figure 5 UE 504 may output data generated at 522 or related data (e.g., feedback) at 524 to a local storage device and / or to one or more of the set of base station 502 and / or attached UE 505.

[0101] Figure 7 This is a flowchart 700 of a wireless communication method. The method can be performed by a first wireless device such as a UE (e.g., UE 104, 504; device 1004). At 702, the first wireless device can send, for network nodes associated with MU-MIMO communication, at least one of the following: a first additional instruction that the first wireless device is capable of performing joint demodulation based on an instruction for at least one shaping operation, or a second additional instruction that the first wireless device is capable of performing blind detection of at least one of the MCS or parameters associated with at least one shaping operation. For example, 702 can be performed by… Figure 10The application processor 1006, cellular baseband processor 1024, transceiver 1022, antenna 1080, and / or MU-MIMO shaping assembly 198 are used to perform the operation. In some aspects, the parameters associated with at least one shaping operation may be a distribution associated with at least one shaping operation. For example, refer to... Figure 5 UE 504 can send capability indication 506.

[0102] At 704, the first wireless device can receive an instruction for at least one shaping operation associated with one or more additional wireless devices among a plurality of wireless devices. For example, 704 may be provided by Figure 10 The application processor 1006, cellular baseband processor 1024, transceiver 1022, antenna 1080, and / or MU-MIMO shaping component 198 are used to perform the operation. In some aspects, each of the plurality of wireless devices may be associated with MU-MIMO communication. In some aspects, a first wireless device may be included among the plurality of wireless devices. In some aspects, at least one shaping operation may be one of probability amplitude shaping or geometric shaping. In some aspects, an indication of at least one shaping operation may include at least one of the following: (1) a first single-bit indication of whether at least one layer of MU-MIMO communication is associated with the shaping operation, (2) a second single-bit indication of whether most layers of MU-MIMO communication are associated with the shaping operation, or (3) one or more single-bit indications (which together constitute a multi-bit indication, such as a bitmap) indicating whether the shaping operation is associated with a corresponding additional wireless device among one or more additional wireless devices. In some aspects, an indication of at least one shaping operation may include information about at least one MCS table associated with one or more additional wireless devices.

[0103] In some aspects, the indication for at least one shaping operation may include information about at least one of the following: a ratio between a first number of data bits associated with MU-MIMO communication prior to the at least one shaping operation and a second number of bits transmitted in association with MU-MIMO communication after the at least one shaping operation; shaping parameters; symbol distribution associated with the at least one shaping operation; power scaling factor associated with the at least one shaping operation; and / or at least one MCS value associated with the at least one shaping operation for one or more additional radio devices. In some aspects, the indication for at least one shaping operation may include information about one or more of the following: the presence of radio devices co-scheduled with a first radio device; the number of layers co-scheduled for MU-MIMO communication; the number of radio devices in one or more additional radio devices; and / or the set of time-frequency resources associated with MU-MIMO communication co-scheduled with one or more additional radio devices. In some aspects, receiving the indication for at least one shaping operation at 704 may, in some aspects, include receiving the indication at least partially via a second-stage DCI. For example, refer to... Figure 5 UE 504 can receive a set of shaping instructions 508.

[0104] At 706, the first wireless device may receive additional indication of a scrambling sequence associated with at least one DMRS associated with one or more additional wireless devices. For example, 706 may be provided by... Figure 10 The application processor 1006, cellular baseband processor 1024, transceiver 1022, antenna 1080, and / or MU-MIMO shaping component 198 are used to perform this. In some aspects, subsequent demodulation of the DL transmission may be based on at least one DMRS (e.g., channel estimation performed based on at least one DMRS). For example, refer to... Figure 5 UE 504 can receive a set of shaping instructions 508.

[0105] At 708, the first wireless device can receive DL transmissions associated with MU-MIMO communication. For example, 708 can be... Figure 10 The application processor 1006, cellular baseband processor 1024, transceiver 1022, antenna 1080, and / or MU-MIMO shaping component 198 are used to perform this operation. In some aspects, DL transmission associated with MU-MIMO communication may be associated with multiple wireless devices and may include one or more scrambling layers associated with at least one shaping operation. For example, refer to... Figure 5 UE 504 can receive MU-MIMO communication 512.

[0106] At point 710, the first wireless device can collect information for demodulation. For example, 710 can be... Figure 10application processor 1006, cellular baseband processor 1024, transceiver 1022, antenna 1080, and / or MU-MIMO shaping component 198 of the apparatus 1002. In some aspects, collecting the information at 710 can include refraining from detecting a distribution associated with at least one shaping operation at 711. In some aspects, the subsequent demodulation of the DL transmission can be a demodulation that does not take into account knowledge of at least one shaping operation associated with at least one of: at least one layer of the MU-MIMO communication, a majority of layers of the MU-MIMO communication, or one or more additional wireless devices. For example, 711 can be performed by Figure 10 application processor 1006, cellular baseband processor 1024, transceiver 1022, antenna 1080, and / or MU-MIMO shaping component 198 of the apparatus 1002. In some aspects, refraining from detecting the distribution at 711 can be based on a determination that the demodulation can be performed without additional information beyond the information included in the indication received at one of 704 or 706. For example, with reference to Figure 5 At 520, the UE 504 can omit (blind) detection of the distribution and / or modulation.

[0107] In some aspects, collecting the information at 710 can include one or more of: blindly detecting a distribution associated with at least one shaping operation at 712 and / or blindly detecting a modulation order associated with at least one of: at least one layer of the MU-MIMO communication or at least one of the one or more additional wireless devices at 713. For example, 712 and / or 713 can be performed by Figure 10 application processor 1006, cellular baseband processor 1024, transceiver 1022, antenna 1080, and / or MU-MIMO shaping component 198 of the apparatus 1002. In some aspects, the blind detection of the modulation order and / or the distribution associated with the at least one shaping operation can be based on the at least one MCS table received at 704. For example, with reference to Figure 5 At 520, the UE 504 can omit (blind) detection of the distribution and / or modulation.

[0108] At 714, the first wireless device can perform a demodulation of the DL transmission based on the indication. For example, 714 can be performed by Figure 10by the application processor 1006, the cellular baseband processor 1024, the transceiver 1022, the antenna 1080, and / or the MU-MIMO shaping component 198 of the UE 504. In some aspects, the demodulation of the DL transmission can be based on a modulation order and / or one or more of the distributions associated with the at least one shaping operation. In some aspects, the demodulation of the DL transmission can be based on a non-linear demodulator. In some aspects, the blind detection of the modulation order and / or the distributions associated with the at least one shaping operation can be based on at least one MCS table received at 704. In some aspects, the demodulation of the DL transmission can be a demodulation without knowledge of the at least one shaping operation associated with at least one of: the at least one layer of the MU-MIMO communication, the majority of layers of the MU-MIMO communication, or the one or more additional wireless devices. For example, with reference to Figure 5 At 522, the UE 504 can demodulate and / or decode the MU-MIMO communication 512.

[0109] At 716, the first wireless device can output a result of the demodulation of the DL transmission for at least one of: transmission to the at least one other wireless device or local storage at the first wireless device. For example, 716 can be performed by the application processor 1006, the cellular baseband processor 1024, the transceiver 1022, the antenna 1080, and / or the MU-MIMO shaping component 198 of the UE 504. Figure 10 At 716, the first wireless device can output a result of the demodulation of the DL transmission for at least one of: transmission to the at least one other wireless device or local storage at the first wireless device. For example, 716 can be performed by the application processor 1006, the cellular baseband processor 1024, the transceiver 1022, the antenna 1080, and / or the MU-MIMO shaping component 198 of the UE 504. Figure 5 At 524, the UE 504 can output data produced at 522 or data related to data produced at 522 (e.g., feedback) to local storage and / or to one or more of the base station 502 and / or the set of additional UEs 505.

[0110] Figure 8 is a flow diagram 800 of a method of wireless communication. The method can be performed by a network node such as a base station (e.g., the base station 102, 502; the network entity 1002, 1102). In some aspects, the network node can receive, from a first wireless device, at least one of: a first additional indication that the first wireless device is capable of performing joint demodulation based on an indication of at least one shaping operation, or a second additional indication of whether the first wireless device is capable of performing blind detection of at least one of: an MCS or a parameter associated with the at least one shaping operation. For example, with reference to Figure 5 At 704, the base station 502 can receive the capability indication 506.

[0111] At 804, the network node can output an instruction for at least one shaping operation associated with one or more additional wireless devices among a plurality of wireless devices, for the first wireless device. For example, 804 can be provided by Figure 11 The CU processor 1112, DU processor 1132, RU processor 1142, transceiver 1146, antenna 1180, and / or MU-MIMO shaping component 199 are used to perform the operation. In some aspects, each of the plurality of wireless devices may be associated with MU-MIMO communication. In some aspects, a first wireless device may be included among the plurality of wireless devices. In some aspects, at least one shaping operation may be one of a probability amplitude shaping operation or a geometric shaping operation. In some aspects, an indication of at least one shaping operation may include at least one of the following: (1) a first single-bit indication of whether at least one layer of MU-MIMO communication is associated with the shaping operation, (2) a second single-bit indication of whether most layers of MU-MIMO communication are associated with the shaping operation, or (3) one or more single-bit indications (which together constitute a multi-bit indication, such as a bitmap) indicating whether the shaping operation is associated with a corresponding additional wireless device among one or more additional wireless devices. In some aspects, an indication of at least one shaping operation may include information about at least one MCS table associated with one or more additional wireless devices.

[0112] In some aspects, the indication for at least one shaping operation may include information about at least one of the following: a ratio between a first number of data bits associated with MU-MIMO communication prior to the at least one shaping operation and a second number of bits transmitted in association with MU-MIMO communication after the at least one shaping operation; shaping parameters; symbol distribution associated with the at least one shaping operation; power scaling factor associated with the at least one shaping operation; and / or at least one MCS value associated with the at least one shaping operation for one or more additional radio devices. In some aspects, the indication for at least one shaping operation may include information about one or more of the following: the presence of radio devices co-scheduled with a first radio device; the number of layers co-scheduled for MU-MIMO communication; the number of radio devices in one or more additional radio devices; and / or the set of time-frequency resources associated with MU-MIMO communication co-scheduled with one or more additional radio devices. In some aspects, outputting the indication for at least one shaping operation at 804 may, in some aspects, include outputting the indication at least partially via a second-stage DCI. For example, refer to... Figure 5 Base station 502 can send a set of shaping instructions 508.

[0113] At point 806, the network node may output an additional indication to the first wireless device of a scrambling sequence associated with at least one DMRS associated with one or more additional wireless devices. For example, 806 may be provided by... Figure 11 The scrambling is performed by the CU processor 1112, DU processor 1132, RU processor 1142, transceiver 1146, antenna 1180, and / or MU-MIMO shaping component 199. In some aspects, the scrambling sequence may be associated with demodulation of the DL transmission at the first radio device (e.g., channel estimation performed based on at least one DMRS). For example, refer to... Figure 5 The base station 502 can output a set of shaping instructions 508.

[0114] At 808, the network node can generate a set of symbols for DL ​​transmission associated with MU-MIMO communication based on a first shaping operation associated with the first wireless device and the at least one shaping operation. For example, 808 can be generated by... Figure 11 The CU processor 1112, DU processor 1132, RU processor 1142, transceiver 1146, antenna 1180, and / or MU-MIMO shaping assembly 199 are used to perform the shaping operation. In some aspects, at least one shaping operation may be one of a probability amplitude shaping operation or a geometric shaping operation. In some aspects, each shaping operation in the at least one shaping operation and the first shaping operation may be the same shaping operation. In some aspects, the first shaping operation and the at least one shaping operation may be different shaping operations. For example, refer to... Figure 5 Base station 502 may generate a set of symbols at 510 based on a first shaping operation associated with UE 504 and, in some respects, based on at least one shaping operation associated with one or more additional UEs in a set of one or more scrambling layers and / or additional UEs 505, and output a set of shaping instructions 508.

[0115] At 810, the network node can output DL transmit for use in sending to multiple wireless devices. For example, 810 can be... Figure 11 The CU processor 1112, DU processor 1132, RU processor 1142, transceiver 1146, antenna 1180, and / or MU-MIMO shaping assembly 199 are used to perform this. For example, refer to... Figure 5 Base station 502 can send MU-MIMO communication 512.

[0116] Figure 9is a flowchart 900 of a method of wireless communication. The method can be performed by a network node such as a base station (e.g., the base station 102, 502; the network entity 1002, 1102). At 902, the network node can receive, from a first wireless device, at least one of: a first additional indication that the first wireless device is capable of performing joint demodulation based on an indication of at least one shaping operation, or a second additional indication of whether the first wireless device is capable of performing blind detection of at least one of an MCS or a parameter associated with the at least one shaping operation. For example, 902 can be performed by the CU processor 1112, the DU processor 1132, the RU processor 1142, the transceiver 1146, the antenna 1180, and / or the MU-MIMO shaping component 199 of FIG. 11. Figure 11 At 904, the network node can output, for the first wireless device, an indication of at least one shaping operation associated with one or more additional wireless devices of a plurality of wireless devices. For example, 904 can be performed by the CU processor 1112, the DU processor 1132, the RU processor 1142, the transceiver 1146, the antenna 1180, and / or the MU-MIMO shaping component 199 of FIG. 11. Figure 5 At 906, the network node can transmit, to the first wireless device, the indication of the at least one shaping operation. For example, 906 can be performed by the CU processor 1112, the DU processor 1132, the RU processor 1142, the transceiver 1146, the antenna 1180, and / or the MU-MIMO shaping component 199 of FIG. 11.

[0117] At 904, the network node can output, for the first wireless device, an indication of at least one shaping operation associated with one or more additional wireless devices of a plurality of wireless devices. For example, 904 can be performed by the CU processor 1112, the DU processor 1132, the RU processor 1142, the transceiver 1146, the antenna 1180, and / or the MU-MIMO shaping component 199 of FIG. 11. Figure 11 At 904, the network node can output, for the first wireless device, an indication of at least one shaping operation associated with one or more additional wireless devices of a plurality of wireless devices. For example, 904 can be performed by the CU processor 1112, the DU processor 1132, the RU processor 1142, the transceiver 1146, the antenna 1180, and / or the MU-MIMO shaping component 199 of FIG. 11.

[0118] In some aspects, the indication of the at least one shaping operation can include information regarding a ratio between a first number of data bits associated with the MU-MIMO communication prior to the at least one shaping operation and a second number of bits for transmission in association with the MU-MIMO communication after the at least one shaping operation, a shaping parameter, a symbol distribution associated with the at least one shaping operation, a power scaling factor associated with the at least one shaping operation, and / or at least one MCS value associated with the at least one shaping operation for the one or more additional wireless devices. In some aspects, the indication of the at least one shaping operation can include information regarding one or more of whether there are wireless devices co-scheduled with the first wireless device, a number of co-scheduled layers of the MU-MIMO communication, a number of wireless devices in the one or more additional wireless devices, and / or a set of time-frequency resources associated with the co-scheduled MU-MIMO communication with the one or more additional wireless devices. In some aspects, outputting the indication of the at least one shaping operation at 904 may, in some aspects, include outputting the indication at least in part via the second-stage DCI. For example, with reference to Figure 5 The base station 502 can transmit a set of shaping indications 508.

[0119] At 906, the network node can output, for the first wireless device, an additional indication of a scrambling sequence associated with at least one DMRS associated with the one or more additional wireless devices. For example, 906 can be performed by the CU processor 1112, the DU processor 1132, the RU processor 1142, the transceiver 1146, the antenna 1180, and / or the MU-MIMO shaping component 199 of the apparatus 1100. Figure 11 In some aspects, the scrambling sequence can be associated with demodulation of a DL transmission at the first wireless device (e.g., channel estimation performed based on the at least one DMRS). For example, with reference to Figure 5 The base station 502 can output a set of shaping indications 508.

[0120] At 908, the network node can generate, based on a first shaping operation associated with the first wireless device and the at least one shaping operation, a set of symbols for a DL transmission associated with the MU-MIMO communication. For example, 908 can be performed by the CU processor 1112, the DU processor 1132, the RU processor 1142, the transceiver 1146, the antenna 1180, and / or the MU-MIMO shaping component 199 of the apparatus 1100. Figure 11 In some aspects, each of the at least one shaping operation and the first shaping operation can be a same shaping operation. In some aspects, the first shaping operation and the at least one shaping operation can be different shaping operations. For example, with reference to Figure 5At 510, the base station 502 can generate a set of symbols based on the first shaping operation associated with the UE 504 and, in some aspects, based on at least one shaping operation associated with one or more of the one or more interfering layers and / or one or more of the set of additional UEs 505, output a set of shaping indications 508.

[0121] At 910, the network node can output a DL transmission for transmission to a plurality of wireless devices. For example, 910 can be performed by a CU processor 1112, a DU processor 1132, a RU processor 1142, a transceiver 1146, an antenna 1180, and / or a MU-MIMO shaping component 199 of FIG. 11, for example, with reference to Figure 11 At 920, the network node can receive a set of feedback indications from the plurality of wireless devices. For example, 920 can be performed by a CU processor 1112, a DU processor 1132, a RU processor 1142, a transceiver 1146, an antenna 1180, and / or a MU-MIMO shaping component 199 of FIG. 11, for example, with reference to Figure 5 At 930, the network node can output a DL transmission for transmission to a plurality of wireless devices. For example, 930 can be performed by a CU processor 1112, a DU processor 1132, a RU processor 1142, a transceiver 1146, an antenna 1180, and / or a MU-MIMO shaping component 199 of FIG. 11, for example, with reference to

[0122] Figure 10is a diagram 1000 illustrating an example of a hardware implementation for an apparatus 1004. The apparatus 1004 can be a UE, a component of a UE, or can implement UE functionality. In some aspects, the apparatus 1004 can include at least one cellular baseband processor 1024 (also referred to as a modem) coupled with one or more transceivers 1022 (e.g., a cellular RF transceiver). The cellular baseband processor 1024 can include at least one on-chip memory 1024'. In some aspects, the apparatus 1004 can further include one or more Subscriber Identity Modules (SIM) cards 1020, and at least one application processor 1006 coupled with a secure digital (SD) card 1008 and a screen 1010. The application processor 1006 can include on-chip memory 1006'. In some aspects, the apparatus 1004 can further include a Bluetooth module 1012, a WLAN module 1014, a SPS module 1016 (e.g., a GNSS module), one or more sensor modules 1018 (e.g., a barometric pressure sensor / altimeter; a motion sensor such as an inertial measurement unit (IMU), a gyroscope, and / or an accelerometer; a light detection and ranging (LIDAR), a radio detection and ranging (RADAR), a sound navigation and ranging (SONAR), a magnetometer, audio, and / or other technology for positioning), an additional memory module 1026, a power supply 1030, and / or a camera 1032. The Bluetooth module 1012, the WLAN module 1014, and the SPS module 1016 can include on-chip transceivers (TRXs) (or in some cases, only receivers (RXs)). The Bluetooth module 1012, the WLAN module 1014, and the SPS module 1016 can include their own dedicated antennas, and / or utilize one or more antennas 1080 for communications. The cellular baseband processor 1024 communicates with the UE 104 and / or with a RU associated with the network entity 1002 via the one or more antennas 1080 through the transceiver 1022. The cellular baseband processor 1024 and the application processor 1006 can each include computer-readable media / memory 1024', 1006', respectively. The additional memory module 1026 can also be considered a computer-readable medium / memory. Each computer-readable medium / memory 1024', 1006', 1026 can be non-transitory. The cellular baseband processor 1024 and the application processor 1006 each are responsible for general processing, including the execution of software stored on the computer-readable medium / memory. The software, when executed by the cellular baseband processor 1024 / application processor 1006, causes the cellular baseband processor 1024 / application processor 1006 to perform the various functions described supra. The computer-readable medium / memory can also be used for storing data manipulated by the cellular baseband processor 1024 / application processor 1006 when executing software.The cellular baseband processor 1024 / application processor 1006 can be a component of the UE 350 and can include at least one memory 360 and / or at least one of the TX processor 368, the RX processor 356, and the controller / processor 359. In one configuration, the apparatus 1004 can be at least one processor chip (modem and / or application) and include only the cellular baseband processor 1024 and / or the application processor 1006, and in another configuration, the apparatus 1004 can be the entire UE (e.g., see FIG. 3. Figure 3 of the UE 350) and include additional modules of the apparatus 1004.

[0123] As discussed above, the MU-MIMO shaping component 198 can be configured to receive an indication of at least one shaping operation associated with one or more additional wireless devices of a plurality of wireless devices, where each wireless device of the plurality of wireless devices is associated with a MU-MIMO communication, and where the first wireless device is included in the plurality of wireless devices. The MU-MIMO shaping component 198 can be configured to receive a DL transmission associated with the MU-MIMO communication, perform a demodulation of the DL transmission based on the indication, and output a result of the demodulation of the DL transmission for at least one of: transmission to at least one other wireless device or local storage at the first wireless device. The MU-MIMO shaping component 198 can be within the cellular baseband processor 1024, the application processor 1006, or both the cellular baseband processor 1024 and the application processor 1006. The MU-MIMO shaping component 198 can be one or more hardware components specifically configured to carry out the stated processes / algorithm, implemented by one or more processors configured to perform the stated processes / algorithm, stored within a computer-readable medium for implementation by one or more processors, or some combination thereof. When implementing multiple processors, the multiple processors can carry out the stated processes / algorithm individually or in combination. As illustrated, the apparatus 1004 can include a variety of components configured for various functions. In one configuration, the apparatus 1004 (and in particular the cellular baseband processor 1024 and / or the application processor 1006) can include means for receiving an indication of at least one shaping operation associated with one or more additional wireless devices of a plurality of wireless devices. In some aspects, the apparatus 1004 (and in particular the cellular baseband processor 1024 and / or the application processor 1006) can include means for receiving a DL transmission associated with the MU-MIMO communication. In some aspects, the apparatus 1004 (and in particular the cellular baseband processor 1024 and / or the application processor 1006) can also include means for performing a demodulation of the DL transmission based on the indication. In some aspects, the apparatus 1004 (and in particular the cellular baseband processor 1024 and / or the application processor 1006) can include means for outputting a result of the demodulation of the DL transmission for at least one of: transmission to at least one other wireless device or local storage at the first wireless device. In some aspects, the apparatus 1004 (and in particular the cellular baseband processor 1024 and / or the application processor 1006) can include means for blindly detecting a distribution associated with the at least one shaping operation. In some aspects, the apparatus 1004 (and in particular the cellular baseband processor 1024 and / or the application processor 1006) can include means for refraining from detecting a distribution associated with the at least one shaping operation.In some aspects, the apparatus 1004 (and, in particular, the cellular baseband processor 1024 and / or the application processor 1006) can include means for blindly detecting a modulation order associated with at least one of the at least one layer of the MU-MIMO communication or at least one additional wireless device of the one or more additional wireless devices. In some aspects, the apparatus 1004 (and, in particular, the cellular baseband processor 1024 and / or the application processor 1006) can include means for receiving an additional indication of a scrambling sequence associated with at least one DMRS associated with the one or more additional wireless devices. In some aspects, the apparatus 1004 (and, in particular, the cellular baseband processor 1024 and / or the application processor 1006) can include means for transmitting, for a network node associated with the MU-MIMO communication, at least one of: a first additional indication that the first wireless device is capable of performing joint demodulation based on the indication of the at least one shaping operation, or a second additional indication of whether the first wireless device is capable of performing blind detection of at least one of an MCS or a parameter associated with the at least one shaping operation. The means can be the MU-MIMO shaping component 198 of the apparatus 1004 configured to perform the functions recited by the means. As described above, the apparatus 1004 can include the TX processor 368, the RX processor 356, and the controller / processor 359. Accordingly, in one configuration, the means can be the TX processor 368, the RX processor 356, and / or the controller / processor 359 configured to perform the functions recited by the means or as otherwise described with respect to. Figure 6 and Figure 7 the TX processor 368, the RX processor 356, and / or the controller / processor 359 described above.

[0124] Figure 11is a diagram 1100 illustrating an example of a hardware implementation for a network entity 1102. The network entity 1102 can be a BS, a component of a BS, or can implement BS functionality. The network entity 1102 can include at least one of a CU 1110, a DU 1130, or a RU 1140. For example, depending on the layer functionality handled by the MU-MIMO shaping component 199, the network entity 1102 can include the CU 1110; both the CU 1110 and the DU 1130; each of the CU 1110, the DU 1130, and the RU 1140; the DU 1130; both the DU 1130 and the RU 1140; or the RU 1140. The CU 1110 can include at least one CU processor 1112. The CU processor 1112 can include on-chip memory 1112'. In some aspects, the CU 1110 can also include an additional memory module 1114 and a communication interface 1118. The CU 1110 communicates with the DU 1130 over a backhaul link, such as an Fl interface. The DU 1130 can include at least one DU processor 1132. The DU processor 1132 can include on-chip memory 1132'. In some aspects, the DU 1130 can also include an additional memory module 1134 and a communication interface 1138. The DU 1130 communicates with the RU 1140 over a front-haul link. The RU 1140 can include at least one RU processor 1142. The RU processor 1142 can include on-chip memory 1142'. In some aspects, the RU 1140 can also include an additional memory module 1144, one or more transceivers 1146, one or more antennas 1180, and a communication interface 1148. The RU 1140 communicates with the UE 104. The on-chip memories 1112', 1132', 1142' and the additional memory modules 1114, 1134, 1144 can each be considered a computer- readable medium / memory. Each computer-readable medium / memory can be non-transitory. Each of the processors 1112, 1132, 1142 is responsible for general processing, including the execution of software stored on the computer-readable medium / memory. The software, when executed by the corresponding processor, causes the processor to perform the various functions described supra. The computer-readable medium / memory can also be used for storing data that is manipulated by the processor when executing software.

[0125] As discussed above, the MU-MIMO shaping component 199 can be configured to output, for a first wireless device, an indication of at least one shaping operation associated with one or more additional wireless devices of a plurality of wireless devices, where each wireless device of the plurality of wireless devices is associated with a MU-MIMO communication, and where the first wireless device is included in the plurality of wireless devices. The MU-MIMO shaping component 199 can be configured to generate a set of symbols for a DL transmission associated with the MU-MIMO communication based on a first shaping operation associated with the first wireless device and the at least one shaping operation, and output the DL transmission for transmission to the plurality of wireless devices. The MU-MIMO shaping component 199 can be within one or more processors of one or more of the CU 1110, the DU 1130, and the RU 1140. The MU-MIMO shaping component 199 can be one or more hardware components specifically configured to carry out the stated processes / algorithm, implemented by one or more processors configured to perform the stated processes / algorithm, stored within a computer-readable medium for implementation by one or more processors, or some combination thereof. When multiple processors are implemented, the multiple processors can carry out the stated processes / algorithm individually or in combination. The network entity 1102 can include a variety of components configured for various functions. In one configuration, the network entity 1102 can include means for outputting, for a first wireless device, an indication of at least one shaping operation associated with one or more additional wireless devices of a plurality of wireless devices. In one configuration, the network entity 1102 can include means for generating a set of symbols for a DL transmission associated with a MU-MIMO communication based on a first shaping operation associated with the first wireless device and the at least one shaping operation. In one configuration, the network entity 1102 can include means for outputting the DL transmission for transmission to the plurality of wireless devices. In one configuration, the base station 1102 can include means for outputting, for a first wireless device, an additional indication of a scrambling sequence associated with at least one DMRS associated with the one or more additional wireless devices. In one configuration, the network entity 1102 can include means for receiving, from the first wireless device, at least one of: a first additional indication that the first wireless device is capable of performing joint demodulation based on the indication of the at least one shaping operation, or a second additional indication of whether the first wireless device is capable of performing blind detection of at least one of a MCS or a parameter associated with the at least one shaping operation. The means can be the MU-MIMO shaping component 199 of the network entity 1102 configured to perform the functions recited by the means. As described above, the network entity 1102 can include the TX processor 316, the RX processor 370, and the controller / processor 375. Accordingly, in one configuration, the means can be the TX processor 316, the RX processor 370, and the controller / processor 375 configured to perform the functions recited by the means or as otherwise described herein with respect to the TX processor 316, the RX processor 370, and the controller / processor 375. Aspects of the subject matter described herein can be implemented, for example, using hardware, software, and / or firmware. For example, one or more processors within the network entity 1102 can be configured to perform a variety of functions under the control of one or more computer- readable media (for example, internal memory or external memory such as a disk drive or a removable memory stick). When using software functionality, then one or more processors (for example, within the network entity 1102) can execute various Figure 8 andFigure 9 TX processor 316, RX processor 370, and / or controller / processor 375 of the described functionality.

[0126] The present disclosure presents techniques for MU-MIMO with probabilistic amplitude shaping (PAS). The present disclosure establishes a possible signaling of PAS for advanced receivers to be able to demodulate their own signal and interfering party signals.

[0127] In some aspects (e.g., related to 5G (as of Release 17)), for a UE with an advanced MU receiver for MU-MIMO, the UE can blindly detect the presence of MU interference (e.g., associated with a co-scheduled user or UE) and / or a modulation order (e.g., MCS) associated with the MU interference. In some aspects, the blind detection can be used to perform joint demodulation across the UE’s signal and the MU interference. If the MU-MIMO is further associated with a constellation shaping operation (e.g., one of PS, PAS, GS, or another shaping operation), the joint demodulation can be further complicated by the shaping operation. For example, the UE can detect the presence of the MU interference, the modulation order, and the shaping operation. In some aspects, network-assisted signaling can be used to reduce the MU detection complexity associated with MU-MIMO in conjunction with the shaping operation.

[0128] Some aspects pertain more specifically to signaling to support MU-MIMO with shaping operations. In some examples, a first wireless device can transmit a first capability indication that the first wireless device is capable of performing joint demodulation based on an indication of at least one shaping operation, or a second capability indication of whether the first wireless device is capable of performing blind detection of at least one of an MCS or a parameter associated with the at least one shaping operation, and a network node can receive the first capability indication or the second capability indication. Based on one or more of the first capability indication or the second capability indication, the network node can transmit an indication of at least one shaping operation associated with one or more additional wireless devices of a plurality of wireless devices, and the wireless device can receive the indication. In some aspects, each wireless device of the plurality of wireless devices is associated with a MU-MIMO communication, and the first wireless device is included in the plurality of wireless devices. In some aspects, the network node can generate a set of symbols for a DL transmission associated with the MU-MIMO communication based on a first shaping operation associated with the first wireless device and the at least one shaping operation. In some aspects, the network node can output the (generated) DL transmission for transmission to the plurality of wireless devices, and the first wireless device can receive the DL transmission associated with the MU-MIMO communication, perform demodulation of the DL transmission based on the indication (e.g., the indicated at least one shaping operation), and can output a result of the demodulation of the DL transmission for at least one of transmission to at least one other wireless device (or the network node) or local storage at the first wireless device.

[0129] Particular aspects of the subject matter described in this disclosure can be implemented to realize one or more of the following potential advantages. In some examples, by providing signaling of shaping operations associated with MU-MIMO, the described techniques can be used to provide significant performance benefits (e.g., >2 dB shaping gain over uniform QAM, blind MU modulation order detection, and / or advanced MIMO receivers) and / or complexity savings (over blind MU PAS information detection) at the cost of very small signaling overhead (e.g., one to a few bits per DL transmission) from a network node (e.g., a base station) to a wireless device.

[0130] It should be understood that the particular order or hierarchy of steps in the processes / flow diagrams disclosed are merely examples. It should be appreciated that a particular order or hierarchy of steps in the processes / flow diagrams can be re-arranged, or steps can be combined or omitted, based on design preferences. Also, some of the steps can be performed concurrently, or with priority given to one or more of the steps. The accompanying method claims present elements of the various steps in a sample order, and are not limited to the specific order or hierarchy presented.

[0131] The preceding description is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to practice the various aspects described herein. Various modifications to these aspects will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein can be applied to other aspects. Thus, the claims are not to be limited to the aspects described herein, but are to be given the full scope defined by the language of the claims. Unless otherwise defined, a reference to a singular element includes “one or more” thereof. Terms such as “if,” “when,” and “while” do not imply direct temporal relationships or reactions. That is, the phrases, “when,” “if,” and “while,” for example, do not necessarily mean that the action occurs immediately upon the occurrence of the condition or during the occurrence of the condition. Rather, these phrases simply imply that the action will occur if the condition is met, but not necessarily at a specific or immediate time in relation to the occurrence of the condition. The word “exemplary” is used herein to mean “serving as an example, instance, or illustration.” Any aspect described herein as “exemplary” is not necessarily to be construed as preferred or advantageous over other aspects. Unless specifically stated otherwise, the term “some” refers to one or more. Combinations such as “at least one of A, B, or C,” “one or more of A, B, or C,” “at least one of the group consisting of A, B, and C,” “one or more of the group consisting of A, B, and C,” and “A, B, and / or C or any combination thereof” include number one only of A, number two only of A, number one and number two of A, or any other number of A, B, or C. Specifically, combinations such as “at least one of A, B, or C,” “one or more of A, B, or C,” “at least one of the group consisting of A, B, and C,” “one or more of the group consisting of A, B, and C,” and “A, B, and / or C or any combination thereof” can be one A, one B, one C, both A and B, both A and C, both B and C, or both A and B and C where any such combination can contain one or more member(s) of A, B, or C. A set should be interpreted as a collection of elements that can be one or more. Accordingly, a set of X includes one or more elements of X. When a set of processors is configured to perform a set of functions, the set of processors individually or in any combination is configured to perform the set of functions. Accordingly, each processor of the set of processors can be configured to perform a particular subset of the set of functions, where the subset is the full set, a proper subset of the set, or an empty set. If a first device receives data from a second device or sends data to the second device, the data can be received or sent directly from or to the first device and the second device, or indirectly through a set of devices between the first device and the second device. A device configured to “output” data, such as a signal or message, may, for example, send the data with a transceiver, or can transfer the data to a device that sends the data.A device configured to "obtain" data (such as transmit, signal, or message) can receive the data, e.g., with a transceiver, or can obtain the data from a device that receives the data. Information stored in memory includes instructions and / or data. All structural and functional equivalents to the elements of the various aspects described throughout this disclosure that are known or later come to be known to those of ordinary skill in the art are expressly incorporated herein by reference and are intended to be encompassed by the claims. Moreover, any combination of the

[0132] As used herein, the phrase "based on" shall not be construed as a reference to a closed set of information, conditions, factors, or any such other "based on," unless specifically so stated herein. Rather, the phrase "based on" shall be construed as meaning "based, at least in part, on."

[0133] The following aspects are merely exemplary and can be combined with other aspects or teachings described herein without limitation.

[0134] Aspect 1 is a method of wireless communication at a first wireless device, comprising: receiving an indication of at least one shaping operation associated with one or more additional wireless devices of a plurality of wireless devices, wherein each wireless device of the plurality of wireless devices is associated with a multi-user multiple-input multiple-output (MU-MIMO) communication, and wherein the first wireless device is included in the plurality of wireless devices; receiving a downlink (DL) transmission associated with the MU-MIMO communication; performing a demodulation of the DL transmission based on the indication; and outputting a result of the demodulation of the DL transmission for at least one of: transmission to at least one other wireless device or local storage at the first wireless device.

[0135] Aspect 2 is the method of aspect 1, wherein the at least one shaping operation is one of a probabilistic amplitude shaping operation or a geometric shaping operation, and wherein the indication of the at least one shaping operation comprises at least one of: (1) a first single bit indication of whether at least one layer of the MU-MIMO communication is associated with a shaping operation, (2) a second single bit indication of whether a majority of layers of the MU-MIMO communication are associated with the shaping operation, or (3) one or more single bit indications indicating whether the shaping operation is associated with a corresponding additional wireless device of the one or more additional wireless devices.

[0136] Aspect 3 is the method of Aspect 2, wherein the indication indicates at least one of: (1) the at least one layer of the MU-MIMO communication is associated with the shaping operation, (2) the majority of layers of the MU-MIMO communication is associated with the shaping operation, (3) the shaping operation is associated with at least one of the one or more additional wireless devices, the method further comprising one of: detecting a distribution associated with the at least one shaping operation, wherein the demodulation of the DL transmission is further based on the distribution associated with the at least one shaping operation, wherein the demodulation is configured to demodulate the DL transmission based on the distribution associated with the at least one shaping operation; or refraining from detecting the distribution associated with the at least one shaping operation, wherein the demodulation of the DL transmission is a demodulation without knowledge of the at least one shaping operation associated with at least one of: the at least one layer of the MU-MIMO communication, the majority of layers of the MU-MIMO communication, or the one or more additional wireless devices.

[0137] Aspect 4 is the method of Aspect 1, wherein the at least one shaping operation is at least one constellation shaping operation, and wherein the indication of the at least one shaping operation comprises information about at least one modulation and coding scheme (MCS) table associated with the one or more additional wireless devices.

[0138] Aspect 5 is the method of Aspect 4, wherein detecting the distribution is based on the at least one MCS table.

[0139] Aspect 6 is the method of Aspect 2, wherein the indication indicates at least one of: (1) the at least one layer of the MU-MIMO communication is not associated with the shaping operation, (2) the majority of layers of the MU-MIMO communication is not associated with the shaping operation, (3) the shaping operation is not associated with the one or more additional wireless devices, the method further comprising: detecting a modulation order associated with at least one of: the at least one layer of the MU-MIMO communication or at least one of the one or more additional wireless devices, wherein the demodulation of the DL transmission is further based on the modulation order.

[0140] Aspect 7 is the method of any one of aspects 1 to 5, wherein the indication of the at least one shaping operation comprises information regarding at least one of: a shaping rate, wherein the shaping rate is associated with a ratio between a first number of data bits associated with the MU-MIMO communication prior to the at least one shaping operation and a second number of bits used for transmission in association with the MU-MIMO communication after the at least one shaping operation; a shaping parameter; a symbol distribution associated with the at least one shaping operation; a power scaling factor associated with the at least one shaping operation; or at least one modulation and coding scheme (MCS) value associated with the at least one shaping operation for the one or more additional wireless devices.

[0141] Aspect 8 is the method of any one of aspects 1 to 5 and 7, further comprising: receiving an additional indication of a scrambling sequence associated with at least one demodulation reference signal (DMRS) associated with the one or more additional wireless devices, wherein the demodulation of the DL transmission is based on the at least one DMRS.

[0142] Aspect 9 is the method of any one of aspects 1 to 8, wherein the indication of the at least one shaping operation comprises information regarding one or more of: whether there are wireless devices co-scheduled with the first wireless device; a number of co-scheduled layers of the MU-MIMO communication; a number of wireless devices in the one or more additional wireless devices; or a set of time-frequency resources associated with the co-scheduled MU-MIMO communication with the one or more additional wireless devices.

[0143] Aspect 10 is the method of any one of aspect 9, further comprising: receiving a second transmission with the DL transmission, wherein the second transmission is associated with the one or more additional wireless devices, and wherein receiving the indication of the at least one shaping operation comprises receiving the indication at least in part via a second stage of a multi-stage DL control information (DCI) procedure (e.g., 2-stage DCI).

[0144] Aspect 11 is the method of any one of aspects 1 to 10, further comprising: transmitting, for a network node associated with the MU-MIMO communication, at least one of: a first additional indication that the first wireless device is capable of performing demodulation based on the indication of the at least one shaping operation, or a second additional indication of whether the first wireless device is capable of performing blind detection of at least one of a modulation and coding scheme (MCS) or a parameter associated with the at least one shaping operation.

[0145] Aspect 12 is the method of any of aspects 1 through 11, wherein the demodulation of the DL transmission is based on a non-linear demodulator.

[0146] Aspect 13 is a method of wireless communication at a network node, the method comprising: outputting, for a first wireless device, an indication of at least one shaping operation associated with one or more additional wireless devices of a plurality of wireless devices, wherein each wireless device of the plurality of wireless devices is associated with a multi-user multiple-input multiple-output (MU-MIMO) communication, and wherein the first wireless device is included in the plurality of wireless devices; generating a set of symbols for a DL transmission associated with the MU-MIMO communication based on a first shaping operation associated with the first wireless device and the at least one shaping operation; and outputting the DL transmission for transmission to the plurality of wireless devices.

[0147] Aspect 14 is the method of aspect 13, wherein the indication of the at least one shaping operation comprises at least one of: (1) a first single bit indication of whether at least one layer of the MU-MIMO communication is associated with a shaping operation, (2) a second single bit indication indicating that a majority of layers of the MU-MIMO communication are associated with the shaping operation, or (3) one or more single bit indications indicating whether the shaping operation is associated with a corresponding additional wireless device of the one or more wireless devices.

[0148] Aspect 15 is the method of any of aspects 13 and 14, wherein the at least one shaping operation is at least one constellation shaping operation, and wherein the indication of the at least one shaping operation comprises information about at least one modulation and coding scheme (MCS) table associated with the one or more additional wireless devices.

[0149] Aspect 16 is the method of any of aspects 13 through 15, wherein the indication of the at least one shaping operation comprises information about at least one of: a shaping rate; a symbol distribution associated with the at least one shaping operation; a power scaling factor associated with the at least one shaping operation; or at least one modulation and coding scheme (MCS) value associated with the at least one shaping operation for the one or more additional wireless devices.

[0150] Aspect 17 is the method of any of aspects 13 through 16, the method further comprising: outputting, for the first wireless device, an additional indication of a scrambling sequence associated with at least one demodulation reference signal (DMRS) associated with the one or more additional wireless devices, wherein the scrambling sequence is associated with demodulation of the DL transmission at the first wireless device.

[0151] Aspect 18 is the method of any one of aspects 13 through 17, wherein the indication of the at least one shaping operation comprises information about one or more of: whether there are wireless devices that are co-scheduled with the first wireless device; a number of co-scheduled layers of the MU-MIMO communication; a number of wireless devices in the one or more additional wireless devices; or a set of time-frequency resources associated with the co-scheduled MU-MIMO communication with the one or more additional wireless devices.

[0152] Aspect 19 is the method of any one of aspects 13 through 18, wherein the at least one processor is further configured to, individually or in any combination: transmit a second transmission with the DL transmission, wherein the second transmission is associated with one or more additional wireless devices, and wherein outputting the indication of the at least one shaping operation comprises outputting the indication in association with a second stage of control information (DCI) of a multi-stage DCI procedure (e.g., 2-stage DCI), at least in part.

[0153] Aspect 20 is the method of any one of aspects 13 through 19, the method further comprising: receiving, from the first wireless device, at least one of: a first additional indication that the first wireless device is capable of performing demodulation based on the indication of the at least one shaping operation, or a second additional indication of whether the first wireless device is capable of performing blind detection of at least one of a modulation and coding scheme (MCS) or a parameter associated with the at least one shaping operation.

[0154] Aspect 21 is the method of any one of aspects 13 through 20, wherein the at least one shaping operation is one of a probabilistic amplitude shaping operation or a geometric shaping operation.

[0155] Aspect 22 is the method of any one of aspects 13 through 21, wherein each shaping operation of the at least one shaping operation and the first shaping operation is a same shaping operation.

[0156] Aspect 23 is the method of any one of aspects 13 through 21, wherein the first shaping operation and the at least one shaping operation are different shaping operations.

[0157] Aspect 24 is an apparatus for wireless communication at a device, the apparatus comprising a memory and at least one processor coupled to the memory and configured to implement any of aspects 1 through 12 based at least in part on information stored in the memory.

[0158] Aspect 25 is an apparatus according to Aspect 24, further comprising a transceiver or antenna coupled to the at least one processor.

[0159] Aspect 26 is an apparatus for wireless communication at a device, comprising means for implementing any of aspects 1 through 12.

[0160] Aspect 27 is a computer-readable medium (for example, a non-transitory computer- readable medium) storing computer executable code, where the code when executed by a processor causes the processor to implement any of aspects 1 through 12.

[0161] Aspect 28 is an apparatus for wireless communication at a device, comprising a memory and at least one processor coupled to the memory and configured to implement any of aspects 13 through 23, based at least in part on information stored in the memory.

[0162] Aspect 29 is an apparatus according to Aspect 28, further comprising a transceiver or antenna coupled to the at least one processor.

[0163] Aspect 30 is an apparatus for wireless communication at a device, comprising means for implementing any of aspects 13 through 23.

[0164] Aspect 31 is a computer-readable medium (for example, a non-transitory computer- readable medium) storing computer executable code, where the code when executed by a processor causes the processor to implement any of aspects 13 through 23.

Claims

1. An apparatus for wireless communication at a first wireless device, the apparatus comprising: at least one memory; and at least one processor coupled to the at least one memory and configured, based at least in part on stored information stored in the at least one memory, to: receive an indication of at least one shaping operation associated with one or more additional wireless devices of a plurality of wireless devices, wherein each wireless device of the plurality of wireless devices is associated with a multi-user multiple-input multiple-output (MU-MIMO) communication, and wherein the first wireless device is included in the plurality of wireless devices; receive a downlink (DL) transmission associated with the MU-MIMO communication; perform demodulation of the DL transmission based on the indication; and output a result of the demodulation of the DL transmission for at least one of: transmission to at least one other wireless device or local storage at the first wireless device.

2. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the at least one shaping operation is one of a probabilistic amplitude shaping operation or a geometric shaping operation, and wherein the indication of the at least one shaping operation comprises at least one of: (1) a first single bit indication of whether at least one layer of the MU-MIMO communication is associated with a shaping operation, (2) a second single bit indication of whether a majority of layers of the MU-MIMO communication is associated with the shaping operation, or (3) one or more single bit indications indicating whether the shaping operation is associated with a corresponding additional wireless device of the one or more additional wireless devices.

3. The apparatus of claim 2, wherein the indication indicates at least one of: (1) the at least one layer of the MU-MIMO communication is associated with the shaping operation, (2) the majority of layers of the MU-MIMO communication is associated with the shaping operation, (3) the shaping operation is associated with at least one additional wireless device of the one or more additional wireless devices, and the at least one processor, individually or in any combination, is further configured to: detect a distribution associated with the at least one shaping operation, wherein to perform the demodulation of the DL transmission, the at least one processor is configured to perform a demodulation based on the distribution associated with the at least one shaping operation, wherein the demodulation is configured to demodulate the DL transmission based on the distribution associated with the at least one shaping operation; or avoid detecting the distribution associated with the at least one shaping operation, wherein to perform the demodulation of the DL transmission, the at least one processor is configured to perform a demodulation that does not take into account knowledge of the at least one shaping operation associated with at least one of: the at least one layer of the MU-MIMO communication, the majority of layers of the MU-MIMO communication, or the one or more additional wireless devices.

4. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the at least one shaping operation is at least one constellation shaping operation, and wherein the indication of the at least one shaping operation comprises information about at least one modulation and coding scheme (MCS) table associated with the one or more additional wireless devices.

5. The apparatus of claim 4, wherein, to detect the distribution, the at least one processor is configured to detect the distribution based on the at least one MCS table.

6. The apparatus of claim 2, wherein the indication indicates at least one of: (1) the at least one layer of the MU-MIMO communication is not associated with the shaping operation, (2) the majority of layers of the MU-MIMO communication is not associated with the shaping operation, (3) the shaping operation is not associated with the one or more additional wireless devices, and the at least one processor, alone or in any combination, is further configured to: detect a modulation order associated with at least one of the at least one layer of the MU-MIMO communication or at least one of the one or more additional wireless devices, wherein, to perform the demodulation of the DL transmission, the at least one processor is configured to perform a demodulation further based on the modulation order.

7. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the indication of the at least one shaping operation comprises information about at least one of: a shaping rate; a shaping parameter; a symbol distribution associated with the at least one shaping operation; a power scaling factor associated with the at least one shaping operation; or at least one modulation and coding scheme (MCS) value associated with the at least one shaping operation for the one or more additional wireless devices.

8. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the at least one processor, alone or in any combination, is further configured to: receive an additional indication of a scrambling sequence associated with at least one demodulation reference signal (DMRS) associated with the one or more additional wireless devices, wherein, to perform the demodulation of the DL transmission, the at least one processor is configured to perform the demodulation of the DL transmission based on the at least one DMRS.

9. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the indication of the at least one shaping operation comprises information about one or more of: whether there are wireless devices that are co-scheduled with the first wireless device; a number of co-scheduled layers of the MU-MIMO communication; a number of wireless devices of the one or more additional wireless devices; or a set of time-frequency resources associated with the co-scheduled MU-MIMO communication with the one or more additional wireless devices.

10. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the at least one processor, alone or in any combination, is further configured to receive a second transmission with the DL transmission, wherein the second transmission is associated with the one or more additional wireless devices. ​ 11. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein, to receive the indication of the at least one shaping operation, the at least one processor, individually or in any combination, is configured to receive the indication at least in part via a second stage of Downlink Control Information (DCI) of a multi-stage DCI procedure.

12. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the at least one processor, individually or in any combination, is further configured to: transmit, for a network node associated with the MU-MIMO communication, at least one of: a first additional indication that the first wireless device is capable of performing demodulation based on the indication of the at least one shaping operation, or a second additional indication of whether the first wireless device is capable of performing blind detection of at least one of a Modulation and Coding Scheme (MCS) or a parameter associated with the at least one shaping operation.

13. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein, to perform the demodulation of the DL transmission, the at least one processor is configured to perform the demodulation of the DL transmission based on a non-linear demodulator.

14. An apparatus for wireless communication at a network node, the apparatus comprising: at least one memory; and at least one processor coupled to the at least one memory and configured to, based at least in part on stored information in the at least one memory, individually or in any combination: output, for a first wireless device, an indication of at least one shaping operation associated with one or more additional wireless devices of a plurality of wireless devices, wherein each wireless device of the plurality of wireless devices is associated with a Multi-User Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MU-MIMO) communication, and wherein the first wireless device is included in the plurality of wireless devices; generate a set of symbols for a DL transmission associated with the MU-MIMO communication based on a first shaping operation associated with the first wireless device and the at least one shaping operation; and output the DL transmission for transmission to the plurality of wireless devices.

15. The apparatus of claim 14, wherein the indication of the at least one shaping operation comprises at least one of: (1) a first single bit indication of whether at least one layer of the MU-MIMO communication is associated with a shaping operation, (2) a second single bit indication indicating that a majority of layers of the MU-MIMO communication are associated with the shaping operation, or (3) one or more single bit indications indicating whether the shaping operation is associated with a corresponding additional wireless device of the one or more wireless devices.

16. The apparatus of claim 14, wherein the at least one shaping operation is at least one constellation shaping operation, and wherein the indication of the at least one shaping operation comprises information about at least one Modulation and Coding Scheme (MCS) table associated with the one or more additional wireless devices. ​ 17. The apparatus of claim 14, wherein the indication of the at least one shaping operation comprises information regarding at least one of: a shaping rate; a shaping parameter; a symbol distribution associated with the at least one shaping operation; a power scaling factor associated with the at least one shaping operation; or at least one modulation and coding scheme (MCS) value associated with the at least one shaping operation for the one or more additional wireless devices.

18. The apparatus of claim 14, wherein the at least one processor is further configured to, individually or in any combination: output, for the first wireless device, an additional indication of a scrambling sequence associated with at least one demodulation reference signal (DMRS) associated with the one or more additional wireless devices, wherein the scrambling sequence is associated with demodulation of the DL transmission at the first wireless device.

19. The apparatus of claim 14, wherein the indication of the at least one shaping operation comprises information regarding one or more of: whether there are wireless devices co-scheduled with the first wireless device; a number of co-scheduled layers of the MU-MIMO communication; a number of wireless devices of the one or more additional wireless devices; or a set of time-frequency resources associated with the co-scheduled MU-MIMO communication with the one or more additional wireless devices.

20. The apparatus of claim 14, wherein the at least one processor is further configured to, individually or in any combination: transmit a second transmission with the DL transmission, wherein the second transmission is associated with the one or more additional wireless devices, and wherein to output the indication of the at least one shaping operation, the at least one processor is configured to output the indication at least in part in association with a second stage of downlink control information (DCI) of a multi-stage DCI procedure.

21. The apparatus of claim 14, wherein the at least one processor is further configured to, individually or in any combination: receive, from the first wireless device, at least one of: a first additional indication that the first wireless device is capable of performing demodulation based on the indication of the at least one shaping operation, or a second additional indication of whether the first wireless device is capable of performing blind detection of at least one of a modulation and coding scheme (MCS) or a parameter associated with the at least one shaping operation.

22. The apparatus of claim 14, wherein the at least one shaping operation is one of a probabilistic amplitude shaping operation or a geometric shaping operation.

23. The apparatus of claim 14, wherein each of the at least one shaping operation and the first shaping operation is a same shaping operation.

24. The apparatus of claim 14, wherein the first shaping operation and the at least one shaping operation are different shaping operations.

25. A method of wireless communication at a first wireless device, the method comprising: receiving an indication of at least one shaping operation associated with one or more additional wireless devices of a plurality of wireless devices, wherein each wireless device of the plurality of wireless devices is associated with a multi-user multiple-input multiple-output (MU-MIMO) communication, and wherein the first wireless device is included in the plurality of wireless devices; receiving a downlink (DL) transmission associated with the MU-MIMO communication; performing a demodulation of the DL transmission based on the indication; and outputting a result of the demodulation of the DL transmission for at least one of: transmission to at least one other wireless device or local storage at the first wireless device.

26. The method of claim 25, wherein the at least one shaping operation is one of a probabilistic amplitude shaping operation or a geometric shaping operation, and wherein the indication of the at least one shaping operation comprises at least one of: (1) a first single bit indication of whether at least one layer of the MU-MIMO communication is associated with a shaping operation, (2) a second single bit indication of whether a majority of layers of the MU-MIMO communication is associated with the shaping operation, or (3) one or more single bit indications indicating whether the shaping operation is associated with a corresponding additional wireless device of the one or more additional wireless devices.

27. The method of claim 26, wherein the indication indicates at least one of: (1) the at least one layer of the MU-MIMO communication is associated with the shaping operation, (2) the majority of layers of the MU-MIMO communication is associated with the shaping operation, (3) the shaping operation is associated with at least one additional wireless device of the one or more additional wireless devices, the method further comprising one of: detecting a distribution associated with the at least one shaping operation, wherein the demodulation of the DL transmission is further based on the distribution associated with the at least one shaping operation, wherein the demodulation is configured to demodulate the DL transmission based on the distribution associated with the at least one shaping operation; or avoiding detection of the distribution associated with the at least one shaping operation, wherein the demodulation of the DL transmission is a demodulation without knowledge of the at least one shaping operation associated with at least one of: the at least one layer of the MU-MIMO communication, the majority of layers of the MU-MIMO communication, or the one or more additional wireless devices.

28. The method of claim 25, wherein the indication of the at least one shaping operation comprises information regarding at least one of: a shaping rate; a shaping parameter; a symbol distribution associated with the at least one shaping operation; a power scaling factor associated with the at least one shaping operation; at least one modulation and coding scheme (MCS) value associated with the at least one shaping operation for the one or more additional wireless devices; whether there are wireless devices co-scheduled with the first wireless device; a number of jointly scheduled layers of the MU-MIMO communication; a number of wireless devices of the one or more additional wireless devices; or a set of time-frequency resources associated with the jointly scheduled MU-MIMO communication with the one or more additional wireless devices.

29. The method of claim 25, wherein the demodulation of the DL transmission is based on a non-linear demodulator.

30. A method of wireless communication at a network node, the method comprising: outputting, for a first wireless device, an indication of at least one shaping operation associated with one or more additional wireless devices of a plurality of wireless devices, wherein each wireless device of the plurality of wireless devices is associated with a multi-user multiple-input multiple-output (MU-MIMO) communication, and wherein the first wireless device is included in the plurality of wireless devices; generating, based on a first shaping operation associated with the first wireless device and the at least one shaping operation, a set of symbols for a DL transmission associated with the MU-MIMO communication; and outputting the DL transmission for transmission to the plurality of wireless devices. ​

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