Communication device and communication method

Abstract

A terminal is provided with: a control unit which generates a plurality of orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) symbols, and a control unit which controls the generation of a plurality of orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) symbols; the present invention is provided with a control unit that transmits a plurality of OFDM symbols in a frequency band higher than a certain frequency, and a transmission unit that transmits the plurality of OFDM symbols in a frequency band higher than the certain frequency, and the control unit performs different processes pertaining to CP (cyclic prefix) addition for a specific OFDM symbol among the plurality of OFDM symbols and for OFDM symbols other than the specific OFDM symbol among the plurality of OFDM symbols.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to communication devices and communication methods in wireless communication systems. Background Technology

[0002] Within the 3GPP (3rd Generation Partnership Project), research was conducted on wireless communication methods known as 5G or NR (New Radio) to further increase system capacity, improve data transmission speed, and reduce latency in the radio space. In 5G, various wireless technologies and network architectures were researched to meet the requirements of achieving throughput of over 10Gbps and radio latency of less than 1ms (e.g., Non-Patent Literature 1 and Non-Patent Literature 2).

[0003] Furthermore, various requirements for next-generation 6G were further investigated. These requirements include ultra-broadband communication, mission-critical communication, ultra-massive connection, universal coverage, intelligent connection, and ubiquitous sensing.

[0004] To achieve this requirement, a new concept is being developed that aims to be extensible (e.g., able to be used effectively in the future), easy-operational, customizable (e.g., easier to use), and sustainable (e.g., cost reduction, becoming a more robust structure, and having resilience). Additionally, as a form of guaranteed communication, research is underway to consistently guarantee minimum performance.

[0005] Existing technical documents

[0006] Non-patent literature

[0007] Non-patent literature 1: 3GPP TS 38.300 V17.6.0 (2023-09)

[0008] Non-patent literature 2: 3GPP TS 38.401 V17.6.0 (2023-09)

[0009] Non-patent literature 3: 3GPP TR 38.901 V17.0.0 (2022-03)

[0010] Non-patent literature 4: 3GPP TS 38.211 V17.6.0 (2023-09)

[0011] Non-patent document 5: W.Hedhly, O.Amin, B.Shihada and M.-S.Alouini, "A PowerSaving Scheme for IEEE 802.15.3d THz Wireless Communication Links," in IEEETransactions on Mobile Computing, vol.22, no.4, pp.1912-1921, 1 April 2023

[0012] Non-patent document 6: V.Petrov, T.Kurner and I.Hosako, "IEEE 802.15.3d: FirstStandardization Efforts for Sub-Terahertz Band Communications toward 6G," in IEEE Communications Magazine, vol.58, no.11, pp.28-33, November 2020

[0013] Non-patent document 7: ELCid, MGSanchez and AVAlejos, "Wideband Analysis of the Satellite Communication Channel at Ku-and X-Bands", in IEEE Transactionson Vehicular Technology, vol.65, no.4, pp.2787-2790, April 2016

[0014] Non-patent literature 8: https: / / radionavlab.ae.utexas.edu / wp-content / uploads / 2023 / 01 / starlink_structure.pdf Summary of the Invention

[0015] The problem that the invention aims to solve

[0016] In next-generation wireless communication systems, higher frequencies such as sub-THz bands will be used. Furthermore, since scenarios such as NTN (Non-terrestrial network) are envisioned, the latency-related environment is considered significantly different from current wireless communication systems. Therefore, a wireless frame structure adapted to this environment needs to be specified.

[0017] The present invention was made in view of the above-mentioned problems, and its object is to apply a wireless frame structure adapted to a delay-related environment in a wireless communication system.

[0018] Methods for solving problems

[0019] According to the disclosed technology, a communication device is provided, comprising: a control unit that generates a plurality of OFDM (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing) symbols; and a transmission unit that transmits the plurality of OFDM symbols in a frequency band higher than a certain frequency, wherein the control unit performs different processing related to CP (Cyclic Prefix) appending for specific OFDM symbols among the plurality of OFDM symbols and for OFDM symbols other than the specific OFDM symbols among the plurality of OFDM symbols.

[0020] Invention Effects

[0021] According to publicly available technologies, wireless frame structures adapted to latency-related environments can be applied in wireless communication systems. Attached Figure Description

[0022] Figure 1 This is a diagram illustrating a structural example of a wireless communication system according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0023] Figure 2 This is a diagram used to illustrate an example of CP length and delay extension.

[0024] Figure 3 This is a diagram illustrating an example (1) of the CP length in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0025] Figure 4 This is a diagram illustrating example (2) of the CP length in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0026] Figure 5 This is a diagram illustrating example (1) of CP length and delay extension in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0027] Figure 6 This is a diagram illustrating example (2) of CP length and delay extension in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0028] Figure 7 This is a diagram illustrating an example of the CP position in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0029] Figure 8 This is a diagram illustrating an example (1) of setting the CP length in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0030] Figure 9 This is a diagram illustrating an example (2) of setting the CP length in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0031] Figure 10 This is a diagram illustrating an example (1) of the CP addition in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0032] Figure 11 This is a diagram illustrating example (2) of the CP addition in the embodiments of the present invention.

[0033] Figure 12 This is a diagram used to illustrate example (3) of the CP addition in the embodiments of the present invention.

[0034] Figure 13 This is a diagram illustrating example (4) of the CP addition in the embodiments of the present invention.

[0035] Figure 14 This is a diagram illustrating an example (1) of the block method in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0036] Figure 15 This is a diagram illustrating an example (2) of the block method in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0037] Figure 16 This is a diagram illustrating an example (3) of the block method in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0038] Figure 17 This is a diagram illustrating an example (4) of the block method in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0039] Figure 18 This is a diagram illustrating an example (5) of the block method in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0040] Figure 19 This is a diagram illustrating an example (6) of the block method in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0041] Figure 20 This is a diagram illustrating an example (7) of the block method in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0042] Figure 21This is a diagram illustrating an example (8) of the block method in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0043] Figure 22 This is a diagram illustrating an example (9) of the block method in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0044] Figure 23 This is a diagram illustrating an example (10) of the block mode in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0045] Figure 24 This is a diagram illustrating an example of the functional structure of base station 10 in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0046] Figure 25 The figure shows an example of the functional structure of terminal 20 in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0047] Figure 26 The figure shows an example of the hardware structure of a base station 10 or terminal 20 in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0048] Figure 27 This is a diagram illustrating an example of the structure of a vehicle 2001 according to an embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0049] Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings. Furthermore, the embodiments described below are merely examples, and the application of the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described below.

[0050] In the operation of the wireless communication system according to embodiments of the present invention, existing technologies are appropriately used. These existing technologies include, for example, existing LTE, but are not limited to, existing LTE. Furthermore, unless otherwise stated, the term "LTE" as used in this specification has a broad meaning that includes LTE-Advanced and subsequent methods (e.g., NR).

[0051] Furthermore, in the embodiments of the present invention described below, the terms SS (Synchronization Signal), PSS (Primary SS), SSS (Secondary SS), PBCH (Physical broadcast channel), PRACH (Physical random access channel), PDCCH (Physical Downlink Control Channel), PDSCH (Physical Downlink Shared Channel), PUCCH (Physical Uplink Control Channel), and PUSCH (Physical Uplink Shared Channel) used in existing LTE systems are used. These are for ease of description, and the same signals and functions may also be referred to by other names. In addition, the above terms in NR correspond to NR-SS, NR-PSS, NR-SSS, NR-PBCH, NR-PRACH, etc. However, even signals used in NR are not necessarily explicitly written as "NR-".

[0052] Furthermore, in embodiments of the present invention, the duplex mode can be TDD (Time Division Duplex), FDD (Frequency Division Duplex), or other modes (e.g., Flexible Duplex).

[0053] Furthermore, in embodiments of the present invention, the “configure” wireless parameters can be pre-configured predetermined values ​​or wireless parameters notified from the base station 10 or the terminal 20.

[0054] Figure 1 This is a diagram illustrating a structural example of a wireless communication system according to an embodiment of the present invention. For example... Figure 1 As shown, the wireless communication system in this embodiment of the invention includes a base station 10 and a terminal 20. Figure 1 The image shows one base station 10 and one terminal 20, but this is just an example and there can be multiple terminals.

[0055] Base station 10 is a communication device that provides one or more cells and wirelessly communicates with terminal 20. The physical resources of the wireless signal are defined in the time and frequency domains. The time domain can be defined by the number of OFDM (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing) symbols, and the frequency domain can be defined by the number of subcarriers or resource blocks. Base station 10 sends synchronization signals and system information to terminal 20. Synchronization signals are, for example, NR-PSS and NR-SSS. System information is transmitted, for example, via NR-PBCH, also known as broadcast information. Synchronization signals and system information can also be referred to as SSB (SS / PBCH block). Figure 1 As shown, base station 10 sends control signals or data to terminal 20 via DL (Downlink) and receives control signals or data from terminal 20 via UL (Uplink). Both base station 10 and terminal 20 are capable of beamforming for signal transmission and reception. Furthermore, both base station 10 and terminal 20 can apply MIMO (Multiple Input Multiple Output) based communication to DL or UL. Additionally, base station 10 and terminal 20 can also communicate via CA (Carrier Aggregation) based secondary cells (SCell) and primary cells (PCell). Moreover, terminal 20 can also communicate via DC (Dual Connectivity) based primary cells of base station 10 and primary / secondary cells of other base stations 10 (PSCell).

[0056] Terminal 20 is a communication device with wireless communication capabilities, such as a smartphone, mobile phone, tablet computer, wearable terminal, or M2M (Machine-to-Machine) communication module. Figure 1 As shown, terminal 20 receives control signals or data from base station 10 via DL and transmits control signals or data to base station 10 via UL, thereby utilizing various communication services provided by the wireless communication system. Furthermore, terminal 20 receives various reference signals transmitted from base station 10 and performs propagation path quality measurements based on the reception results of these reference signals.

[0057] Furthermore, various requirements for next-generation 6G were further investigated. For example, these requirements could include ultra-broadband communication, mission-critical communication, ultra-massive connection, universal coverage, intelligent connection, and ubiquitous sensing.

[0058] In addition, this requirement can also include ultra-high-speed communication, high-capacity communication, ultra-wide coverage, ultra-low power consumption, low cost, ultra-low latency, ultra-high reliability communication, ultra-multiple connections, and sensing.

[0059] To achieve this requirement, a new concept is being developed that aims to be extensible (e.g., able to be used effectively in the future), easy-operational, customizable (e.g., easier to use), and sustainable (e.g., cost reduction, becoming a more robust structure, and having resilience). Additionally, as a form of guaranteed communication, research is underway to consistently guarantee minimum performance.

[0060] Here, the delay spread envisioned in NR is assumed to be between 16 ns and 1148 ns under various scenarios and carrier frequencies (see Non-Patent Document 3). Regarding the delay distribution in Non-Patent Document 3, a short delay distribution corresponding to the median of the RMS (Root mean square) delay spread in the LOS (Line of sight) scenario, a regular delay distribution corresponding to the median of the RMS delay spread in the NLOS (Nonline of sight) scenario, and a long delay distribution corresponding to the 90th percentile of the RMS delay spread in the NLOS scenario are envisioned.

[0061] In NR, the radio frame is fixed at 10ms. The subframe is fixed at 1ms. The time slot is defined as 14 OFDM symbols. The parameter set and the CP (Cyclic Prefix) length determine the time-domain structure of the OFDM symbols and the frequency-domain structure of the PRB (Physical Resource Block). The parameter set μ is defined as {0,1,2,3,4,5,6}. The parameter set determines the SCS, symbol length, and time slot length.

[0062] Regarding CP length, Normal CP is 14 symbols per time slot, while Extended CP is 12 symbols per time slot. Extended CP is only supported at 60kHz SCS.

[0063] Table 1 is a table illustrating the wireless frame structure in NR (refer to Non-Patent Document 4). Furthermore, microseconds will be referred to as "us" below.

[0064] [Table 1]

[0065] As shown in Table 1, the CP length in the current NR varies according to the SCS, ranging from 70ns to 4690ns, and the OFDM symbol length ranges from 1.04μs to 66.67μs.

[0066] The frequency 2 of the SCS is defined by the parameter set μ{0,1,2,3,4,5,6}. μ • At 15kHz, the SCS corresponding to the parameter set μ is defined as {15,30,60,120,240,480,960}. Furthermore, the number of symbols in each slot corresponding to the parameter set μ {0,1,2,3,4,5,6} is all 14, the number of slots in each frame is {10,20,40,80,160,320,640}, and the number of slots in each subframe is {1,2,4,8,16,32,64}. Additionally, in the extended CP, μ=2, the number of symbols in each slot is 14, the number of slots in each frame is 40, and the number of slots in each subframe is 4.

[0067] The delay spread in sub-THz is assumed to be in the number of nanoseconds, which is very small compared to the RMS delay spread of FR1 and FR2 in the NR channel model. Furthermore, assuming a highly directional antenna, the coherence bandwidth is considered to reach approximately 60 GHz (see Non-Patent Document 5).

[0068] In the standardization of sub-THz based on IEEE (registered trademark) 802.15.3d (refer to non-patent literature 6), the actions shown in 1) to 3) below were studied.

[0069] 1) The physical layer specifies the following two modes.

[0070] Single-carrier mode (THz-SC PHY). Designed for high data rates. Use cases include wireless fronthaul / backhaul and additional links in data centers.

[0071] On / off key control mode (THz-OOK PHY). For low-cost terminal use in sub-THz applications.

[0072] 2) The channel bandwidth is 2.16 GHz × [1, 2, ..., 12]. Each channel supports a minimum of 2.16 GHz and a maximum of 69.12 GHz. Multi-carrier transmission is possible by applying a single carrier waveform to each channel and using multiple channels.

[0073] 3) The frame format is PHY preamble + PHY header + MAC header + HCS (Header check sequence) + header padding bits + frame payload. The PHY preamble is used for frame detection assistance, timing acquisition, and channel estimation in the receiver. The PHY preamble has a length of 2.91 μs for the long preamble and 1.89 μs for the short preamble.

[0074] Regarding the delay spread in the NTN, for example, it is envisioned to be 19ns-219ns in the 11.2GHz band and 12ns-183ns in the 14.155GHz band (see Non-Patent Document 7). Regarding the coherence bandwidth, it is envisioned to be 4MHz-20MHz in the 11.2GHz band and 2MHz-37MHz in the 14.155GHz band (see Non-Patent Document 7).

[0075] In Starlink's (registered trademark) Ku-band FDD, a 2GHz bandwidth (10.7-12.7GHz) is used for the DL (refer to Non-Patent Document 8). The number of channels is 8. Each channel includes a 240MHz bandwidth and a 10MHz guard band. Regarding the SCS, with an FFT size of 1024, it is 240MHz / 1024 = 234.375kHz, and the bandwidth of one channel is 240MHz. As a frame structure, 1 / 750s = 1.3ms is one frame, consisting of 302 symbols and a guard interval. The symbol length is (1024+32) / 240MHz = 4.4μs, the CP length is 32 / 240MHz = 0.133μs, and the data length is 1024 / 240MHz = 4.2667μs. The guard interval is 1 symbol length + 1 CP = 4.533μs.

[0076] Figure 2 This is a diagram used to illustrate an example of CP length and delay extension. Figure 2 This shows the parameter set and CP length defined in NR. For example... Figure 2As shown, it is evident that even considering the RMS delay spread in sub-THz, the current CP length is excessively long, even with parameter sets μ=6,7,8. Furthermore, it is known that the CP lengths for the envisioned SCS, 960kHz, 1920kHz, and 3840kHz in sub-THz are 73.2ns, 36.6ns, and 18.3ns, respectively, which are excessively long in the THz band with an envisioned delay spread of several ns. Moreover, as the SCS increases, the OFDM symbol length decreases drastically, increasing the complexity of scheduling and transmission.

[0077] Furthermore, the CP length of the SCS at 240kHz in NR is considered too long in the Ku-band NTN. The CP length in Starlink is 0.133μs, compared to 0.29μs in NR. Additionally, the SCS for FR2-1 in NR is considered too small in the Ku-band NTN. FR2-1 supports SCS at 60kHz and 120kHz. However, considering the larger coherence bandwidth in the NTN, this SCS is considered too small.

[0078] Therefore, it is necessary to specify, for example, the frame structure for higher SCS in the sub-THz band. This frame structure includes, for example, frames, subframes, time slots, OFDM symbols, data length, CP length, parameter sets, etc. Furthermore, it is necessary to specify how to design the parameter sets in different scenarios, such as NTN and sub-THz bands.

[0079] Action 1) The following describes the design of the parameter set.

[0080] In frequency bands targeting sub-THz or above 71GHz, the large bandwidth necessitates a larger FFT size. Therefore, due to increased transmitter complexity, a large SCS is required to reduce complexity. Furthermore, phase noise is expected to increase in the high-frequency band. A large SCS provides robustness against phase noise.

[0081] Action 1-1) can use the frame and slot structure in NR to expand the range of values ​​for the parameter set. Table 2 shows an example of the expanded parameter set.

[0082] [Table 2]

[0083] In higher frequency bands such as sub-THz, the range of parameter sets and supported SCSs can be increased. The constant parameter is set to 1 ms for the subframe. The slot length of the scaled parameter is 2. -μ ms, SCS15.2 μkHz. For a given bandwidth, the number of subcarriers can be scaled using a parameter set. When the number of subcarriers is reduced to 1, it becomes a single-carrier transmission.

[0084] In the sub-THz 10GHz bandwidth, the number of subcarriers for parameter sets 7-19 are 5208, 2604, 1302, 651, 326, 163, 82, 41, 20, 10, 5, 2, and 1. In the sub-THz 1GHz bandwidth, the number of subcarriers for parameter sets 4-16 are 4166, 2083, 1042, 521, 260, 130, 65, 32, 16, 8, 4, 2, and 1.

[0085] Furthermore, the parameter set can be added discontinuously. Partial parameter sets can be supported. For example, in the sub-THz frequency band, parameter sets 7-9 and 13-16 can be supported, while parameter sets 10-12 may not be supported.

[0086] (Actions 1-2) To support greater channel bandwidth, the unit time can be defined as a smaller value. For example, as shown in Table 3, a new unit time can be scaled based on the unit time of NR.

[0087] [Table 3]

[0088] Unit time is an important parameter in frame structure design. Table 3 shows an example of unit time for LTE, NR, and 6G. The unit time in LTE is expressed as T... s To express it, NR is expressed in terms of unit time via T. c The required sampling bandwidth to support the channel bandwidth is affected by the definition of unit time, as shown in Table 3.

[0089] In 6G, channel bandwidth supporting GHz levels for sub-THz is envisioned. For example, with a channel bandwidth of 10 GHz, as shown in Table 3, it can be set as SCSΔf. max6 =7680kHz, FFT size N f6 =2048. The unit of time is T. c6 =1 / (Δf max6 ·N f6 ) = 0.064 ns, which is 1 / 8 of NR's 0.509 ns. In this example, the constant κ′ = T C / T C6 =8. Furthermore, as shown in Table 3, the sampling bandwidth is Δf max6 ·N f6 =15.7GHz.

[0090] Alternatively, other values ​​can be assigned to the constant κ'. For example, κ′=1 represents the unit time for reusing NR. Additionally, Δf max6 and N f6 This does not represent the maximum SCS and FFT size supported by 6G; larger SCS and FFT sizes can be defined.

[0091] Actions 1-3) can be a set of parameters supported by a specific use case scenario, frequency and / or channel or reference signal extension.

[0092] In the channel characteristics of satellite communication systems (see Non-Patent Document 7), the delay spread is smaller and the coherence bandwidth is larger compared to TN. For example, as with a carrier band such as FR3, different sets of parameter values ​​can be supported in different use case scenarios.

[0093] Currently, parameter sets 0, 1, and 2 are used for FR1, parameter sets 2, 3, and 4 are used for FR2-1, parameter set 4 is used only for SSB, and parameter sets 3, 5, and 6 are used for FR2-2. Furthermore, the same set of parameter sets is used for NTN as for TN.

[0094] On the other hand, even when NTN and TN use the same frequency band, different channel characteristics are envisioned. Therefore, different sets of parameters can be supported in NTN and TN. For example, a larger set of parameters can be supported in NTN compared to TN. As an example, in FR3, parameter sets 1-3 are supported for TN. In this case, in the FR3 NTN, parameter sets 2-4 can be supported for data transmission. The extended parameter sets and SCS can be applied to PDSCH, PUSCH, SSB, PDCCH, and / or PUCCH.

[0095] Through the above action 1), a parameter set suitable for sub-THz and NTN can be specified.

[0096] Action 2) The following is an explanation of the CP design.

[0097] Action 2-1) can also scale the OFDM symbols in NR and the definition of CP according to the parameter set. Table 4 shows an example of scaling based on the parameter set.

[0098] [Table 4]

[0099] As shown in Table 4, the data length of an OFDM symbol can be 2048k·2. -μ ·T c In the standard CP length, OFDM symbol #0 and OFDM symbol #7.2 μ The length of the long CP in the middle can be (144κ·2).-μ +16κ)·T c The CP length in other code elements can be 144κ·2 -μ ·T c .

[0100] This scaling improves compatibility with NR and is suitable for services requiring low latency.

[0101] In the current CP design, for small SCS, the difference in CP between symbols is small. For example, in very large SCS, the current CP design produces significant differences in CP and OFDM between symbols.

[0102] Figure 3 This is a diagram illustrating example (1) of the CP length in an embodiment of the present invention. OFDM symbol #0 and OFDM symbol #7.2 μ The length of the long CP in the middle is (144κ·2 -μ +16κ)·T c The CP length in other code elements is 144κ·2 -μ ·T c .

[0103] like Figure 3 As shown, in smaller SCSs, OFDM symbol #0 is slightly longer than the other symbols. For example, in an SCS of 15 kHz, the length of OFDM symbol #0 is 71.88 μs, and the length of OFDM symbol #1 is 71.36 μs.

[0104] On the other hand, such as Figure 3 As shown, in larger SCSs, OFDM symbol #0 is significantly longer than other symbols. For example, in an SCS of 7680 kHz, the length of OFDM symbol #0 is 0.66 μs, and the length of OFDM symbol #1 is 0.139 μs.

[0105] OFDM symbol #0 and OFDM symbol #7.2 μ Besides avoiding inter-symbol interference, the long CP length in the code can also be used to implement other functions. For example, the CP length can be maintained without changing it, and new functions can be imported into this long CP. For example, OFDM symbol #0 and OFDM symbol #7.2 can be used. μ The long CP length serves as a protection symbol for various switching functions. For example, this switching function could be UL transmit beam switching, DL receive beam switching, DL-UL switching, and / or Rx-Tx switching. Alternatively, when determining the protection symbol for various switching functions, the number of symbols can be determined based on symbol position. If the symbol length between the start and end of the switch is long CP, one symbol is required; otherwise, multiple symbols can be required.

[0106] Furthermore, for example, the CP length and function can be changed. For instance, OFDM symbol #0 and OFDM symbol #7.2 can also be changed. μ The long CP in the code is changed to a signal used for other reference signals, preambles, existing sequences for channel estimation, synchronization and / or UE identification, etc.

[0107] Figure 4 This is a diagram illustrating example (2) of the CP length in an embodiment of the present invention. For example... Figure 4 As shown, with the increase of SCS, OFDM symbol #0 and OFDM # symbol 7.2 μ The long CP length in the data is significantly longer than the CP lengths of other symbols and the data itself. This unbalanced CP length can be a waste of CP resources in terms of allowing delay spread. For example, the RMS delay spread of the supported channel can be limited by a minimum CP length shorter than the average CP length. Figure 4 The diagram shows the OFDM symbol #0 and OFDM symbol 7.2. μ The CP length CP0 of the symbol and the CP length CP1 of other symbols will be set as CP2 = (CP0 + CP1) / 2, which is applied to all symbol examples. Alternatively, it can be set as CP2 = (2·CP0 + 12·CP1) / 14.

[0108] Action 2-2) can also be performed with a more uniform CP length across all symbols. In each symbol, the same CP overhead as NR (e.g., 7.3%) can be used to achieve a uniform CP length. Table 5 shows examples of OFDM symbol lengths per unit time.

[0109] [Table 5]

[0110] As shown in Table 5, the CP length differs between symbols in LTE and NR. On the other hand, in 6G, as described later, a more balanced CP length can also be set between symbols.

[0111] To eliminate the imbalance in CP lengths between different symbols, the CP of each OFDM symbol can be redesigned with similar lengths. To support greater bandwidth and higher SCS, the unit time can be redefined. For example, the data length of each OFDM symbol can be set to 2048·κ·κ′·2. -μ ·T c6 Additionally, 2048 is the FFT size. Furthermore, this data length is the same as for LTE and NR.

[0112] Action 2-2-1) can target predetermined fixed symbols in each sub-slot, time slot, subframe, and / or frame, and assign A·2048·κ·κ′·2 -μ ·T c6 Set as the CP length, and facing the remaining code elements, assign B·2048·κ·κ′·2 -μ ·T c6 Let this be the CP length. The ratio and / or gap between A and B can be limited to a certain range. For example, the closer the ratio of A to B is to 1, the more balanced the CP length. For example, the gap between the predetermined CP length of a fixed symbol and the CP length of the remaining symbols can be limited to a certain range.

[0113] Number of samples per time slot (0.001·2) -μ ) / T c =1966080·2 -μ It is impossible to divide the code into 14 symbols equally. When reusing 14 symbols per time slot with a standard CP length, it is impossible to ensure that the CP lengths of the 14 symbols are the same. Therefore, due to the limitation of the FFT size, the number of data samples per symbol is limited to 2. n .

[0114] The data length of each OFDM symbol is 2048·κ·κ′·2 -μ ·T c6 κ=64 is the scaling factor per unit time in NR and LTE, and κ′ is the scaling factor per unit time in NR and 6G, for example, it can be set to κ′=8.

[0115] Parameter-based scaling can be performed on all symbols. Longer CPs can also be applied to OFDM symbols #0 and #7 in each time slot.

[0116] Table 6 shows an example (1) of the balanced CP length. Table 6 sets the CP length for OFDM symbols #0 and #7 to 160·κ·κ′·2. -μ ·T c6 Set the CP length for the remaining 12 code elements to 144·κ·κ′·2. -μ ·T c6 Examples.

[0117] [Table 6]

[0118] As shown in Table 6, even with a large SCS, the difference in CP length between symbols can be smaller compared to NR.

[0119] Figure 5This is a diagram illustrating example (1) of CP length and delay extension in an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 5 Table 6 shows the CP length and delay spread. (For example...) Figure 5 As shown, it can be seen that the LOS delay spread in sub-THz is smaller than the CP length, up to parameter set 11. Furthermore, it can be seen that the NLOS delay spread in sub-THz is smaller than the CP length in parameter set 9.

[0120] Alternatively, for example, the CP length for OFDM symbols #0 and #7 can be set to 148·κ·κ′·2. -μ ·T c6 Set the CP length for the remaining 12 symbols to 146·κ·κ′·2 -μ ·T c6 It can be set to a CP length that is better balanced across symbols.

[0121] Table 7 shows an example (1) of the balanced CP length. Table 7 sets the CP length for OFDM symbol #0 to 176·κ·κ′·2. -μ ·T c6 Set the CP length for the remaining 13 code elements to 144·κ·κ′·2. -μ ·T c6 Examples.

[0122] [Table 7]

[0123] As shown in Table 7, even with a large SCS, the difference in CP length between symbols can be smaller compared to NR.

[0124] Figure 6 This is a diagram illustrating example (2) of CP length and delay extension in an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 6 Table 7 shows the CP length and delay spread. Figure 6 As shown, it can be seen that the LOS delay spread in sub-THz is smaller than the CP length, up to parameter set 11. Furthermore, it can be seen that the NLOS delay spread in sub-THz is smaller than the CP length in parameter set 9.

[0125] Alternatively, for example, the CP length for OFDM symbol #0 can be set to 150·κ·κ′·2. -μ ·T c6 Set the CP length for the remaining 13 symbols to 146·κ·κ′·2 -μ ·T c6 It can be set to a CP length that is better balanced across symbols.

[0126] Action 2-2-2) Imagine that when the CP length of several OFDM symbols in each time slot differs from the remaining OFDM symbols, especially when adding and deleting CPs in shorter time slots, the transceiver complexity increases. Therefore, for predetermined fixed symbols in each sub-time slot, time slot, subframe, and / or frame, B·κ·κ′·2 -μ ·T c6 +X·κ·κ′·T c6 Given the CP length, for the remaining code elements, assign B·κ·κ′·2 -μ ·T c6 Let's set it as the CP length. X and B·2 -μ The ratio and / or gap between them can be limited to a certain range.

[0127] For example, in addition to long CPs at positions of 0ms and / or 0.5ms, long CPs can also be appended at positions of 0.25ms, 0.75ms, 0.125ms, 0.375ms, 0.625ms, and / or 0.875ms. This allows for control over the trade-off between the balance of CP length and the number of OFDM symbols accompanying the long CP.

[0128] Figure 7 This is a diagram illustrating an example of the CP position in an embodiment of the present invention. For example... Figure 7 As shown, in addition to the long CP at positions 0ms and 0.5ms, long CP can also be added at positions 0.25ms and 0.75ms.

[0129] Actions 2-3) can also be set as shown in 1)~3) below.

[0130] 1) The CP design in NR can be reused for the existing parameter sets 0-6. The CP in action 2-1) or action 2-2) can be used only in the new parameter sets. For example, action 2-1) and / or action 2-2) can be applied only to parameter sets 7-9. Figure 8 This is a diagram illustrating an example (1) of setting the CP length in an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 8 This illustrates an example of reusing the CP design from NR for an existing parameter set 0-6, using the CP from action 2-1) only in the new parameter set. The CP design from NR can be reused for an existing parameter set 0-6. The CP from action 2-1) or action 2-2) can be used only in the new parameter set.

[0131] 2) Actions 2-1) and / or 2-2) can be applied to all parameter sets, including parameter sets 0-6. That is, expressions related to CP can also be set directly. Figure 9 This is a diagram illustrating an example (2) of setting the CP length in an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 9This shows an example of using CP in action 2-1) across all parameter sets.

[0132] 3) Existing conventional CPs and new conventional CPs can be set through higher-layer signaling (e.g., MAC-CE, RRC, SIB, etc.), physical layer signaling (e.g., DCI) of each BWP or each serving cell applying a certain frequency range or a certain parameter set, and / or UCI of each UE, each UE group, and / or UCI of each UE type applying a certain frequency range or a certain parameter set.

[0133] Through the above action 2), a CP length suitable for sub-THz and NTN can be specified.

[0134] Action 3) can also be configured as a non-scaling CP design with flexible additional overhead. To support a wide variety of use cases and scenarios for 6G, the 7.1% CP overhead can be changed to more diverse values.

[0135] Figure 10 This is a diagram illustrating an example (1) of the CP addition in an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 10 This is an example of previous CP additions, which add a fixed CP overhead to one OFDM symbol.

[0136] Figure 11 This is a diagram illustrating example (2) of the CP addition in an embodiment of the present invention. For example... Figure 11 As shown, CP overhead can also be flexibly added to an OFDM symbol. Figure 11 The new module shown is capable of generating new formats of flexible lengths after IFFT is performed on the data, for example, through reconstruction, iteration, expansion, etc.

[0137] As a flexible, non-scaling CP design with additional overhead, options 1) to 4) as shown below can also be executed. Furthermore, the parameters of actions 1) and 2) above can also be appropriately applied to action 3).

[0138] Option 1) allows changing the time slot period T. slot And / or frame definition. It is also possible to define the time slot period as 2. -μ Change to α·2 -μ α is a positive parameter. CP can flexibly change its overhead.

[0139] Table 8 shows an example of option 1), where T slot Set the values ​​to 0.94, 0.96, ..., 1.12. The number of code elements is 14.

[0140] [Table 8]

[0141] As shown in Table 8, CP overhead ranges from 0.71% to 20%.

[0142] Option 2) allows changing the number of OFDM symbols N in each time slot. sym It enables simpler designs. (The last part, "T," appears to be an unrelated fragment and is left untranslated.) slot Assuming NR, and as defined in actions 1) and 2) above, the CP overhead for different OFDM symbol numbers for each time slot is shown in Table 9.

[0143] [Table 9]

[0144] As shown in Table 9, when the number of OFDM symbols N in each time slot is... sym When the CP cost is changed from 8 to 15, the CP cost changes from 87.5% to 0%.

[0145] Option 3) can also change N sample and / or T data T slot Assuming NR, and as defined in actions 1) and 2) above, the CP overhead for different OFDM symbol numbers in each time slot is shown in Table 10. Additionally, in Table 10, T... slot =30720Tc, N sym =14, T sym =2194T c .

[0146] [Table 10]

[0147] As shown in Table 10, when the data length changes from 1728 to 2187, the CP overhead changes from 26.97% to 0.32%.

[0148] Option 3-1) Flexible CP overhead can be achieved across one or more data lengths by generating a new module with a flexible data length for each OFDM symbol. For example, when the CP length is 144 and the data length is 4096, the CP overhead can be 3.4%. Therefore, flexible CP overhead can be set.

[0149] Option 3-2) can also reduce the FFT size related to the data length of the OFDM symbol from 2 n Set to be 2 times the size of the DFT (Discrete Fourier Transform). n 3 m 5 l Therefore, the CP overhead can be set flexibly. As shown in Table 10, the data length can be flexibly set by combining n, m, and l.

[0150] Option 4) To achieve flexible CP overhead, some or all of options 1), 2) and 3) can be combined.

[0151] Figure 12 This is a diagram used to illustrate example (3) of the CP addition in the embodiments of the present invention. Figure 12 Option 1 shown is an example of lower CP overhead, enabling a shorter symbol length with a shorter CP length. Figure 12 Option 2 shown is an example of a larger CP overhead, which enables a longer CP length and a longer symbol length with fewer symbol numbers (13). Figure 12 Option 3 shown is an example of lower CP overhead, which can achieve a longer data length and a longer symbol length with less CP overhead by using the same CP length and fewer symbol numbers.

[0152] Action 3-1) Limitations on the time slot duration, number of OFDM symbols, data length per OFDM symbol, and / or FFT size (i.e., options 1-4 above) can be set to achieve flexible CP overhead for different needs. Candidate values ​​for the time slot duration, number of OFDM symbols, data length per OFDM symbol, and / or FFT size limits can also be defined to reduce configuration-related overhead and system complexity. Thus, CP overhead suitable for CP-OFDM, DFT-s-OFDM, and enhanced OFDM can be configured.

[0153] Figure 13 This is a diagram illustrating example (4) of CP addition in an embodiment of the present invention. The transmitter applying CP to DFT-s-OFDM can also be configured as... Figure 13 The structure shown allows for the addition of CP independently of FFT sampling.

[0154] Action 3-2) To support flexible CP overhead, new waveforms based on DFT-s-OFDM, including unique words (UW) and / or null CP (NCP), can be supported. This allows for flexible CP overhead without changing the frame structure or parameter set.

[0155] Through the above action 3), a flexible CP length suitable for sub-THz and NTN can be specified.

[0156] Action 4) can also be adopted in a block-based system design. If the SCS increases in the sub-THz range, the OFDM symbol duration becomes extremely short, reducing latency, but increasing the complexity of OFDM symbol synchronization and scheduling. Therefore, a block-based approach can be adopted, using block-like frame structures and / or parameter sets in the time and frequency domains that support smaller FFT sizes.

[0157] The transmission method based on existing OFDM symbols will be described as OFDM symbol-based transmission / system. The block-based transmission method described above will be described as block-based transmission / system.

[0158] Action 4-1) The block-based frame structure can be the structure described below.

[0159] Option 1) Figure 14 This is a diagram illustrating an example (1) of the block arrangement in an embodiment of the present invention. For example... Figure 14 As shown, in a block-based frame structure, a block can consist of a header and a payload. The header may include, but is not limited to, a preamble and / or reference signal for synchronization, channel estimation, a CP (or UW, NCP) to avoid inter-block interference, a DCI containing control information, and a portion or all of a UCI containing feedback information.

[0160] Option 2) Figure 15 This is a diagram illustrating an example (2) of the block-style implementation in an embodiment of the present invention. For example... Figure 15 As shown, in a block-based frame structure, a block can consist of a header, a payload, and a trailer. The header may include, or all of the following: a preamble and / or reference signal for synchronization; channel estimation; a CP (or UW, NCP) for avoiding inter-block interference; a DCI containing control information; and a UCI containing feedback information.

[0161] The tail section may function the same as the header, or it may include a UCI containing protection interval and / or feedback information. When the UCI is included in the tail section, it may also contain feedback information corresponding to the payload.

[0162] Additionally, the header and / or trailer can be divided into multiple parts with different functions. Furthermore, in a block-based system, the definition of time slots, OFDM symbols, and the CP of the OFDM symbol-based system is not required. However, the edges of the blocks can be aligned with the boundaries of OFDM symbols, sub-time slots, time slots, and subframes to ensure compatibility.

[0163] The duplexing mode and time slot format in the block-based system are explained. The duplexing mode can support TDD, fdd, sub-band full duplex (SBFD), and part or all of FD (full duplex). Self-interference in FD within this frequency band can be reduced by fewer channel paths and narrower bandwidth. Therefore, sub-THz is more suitable for FD.

[0164] The time slot format can be as shown below.

[0165] Option 1) Due to the long duration of a single block, joint scheduling of multiple blocks based on a time-slot format is not required. Each block can also be scheduled independently.

[0166] Option 1-1) Figure 16 This is a diagram illustrating an example (3) of the block-style implementation in an embodiment of the present invention. For example... Figure 16 As shown, control information such as DCI or UCI, as well as PDCCH or PUCCH, can be included in the header and / or trailer, and can also determine the direction of UL or DL ​​for the next dispatch (the next X block, where X is 1 or higher). Figure 16 In the example, the DCI contained at the end of DL block 1 contains information to schedule the next block 2, and also notifies that it is UL.

[0167] Option 1-2) Figure 17 This is a diagram illustrating an example (4) of the block-style implementation in an embodiment of the present invention. For example... Figure 17 As shown, control information such as DCI or UCI, as well as PDCCH or PUCCH, can be included in OFDM symbol mode transmission, and can also determine the direction of UL or DL ​​of the next schedule (the next X block, where X is 1 or more).

[0168] Option 2) Figure 18 This is a diagram illustrating an example (5) of the block-style implementation in an embodiment of the present invention. For example... Figure 18 As shown, the time slot format for block-based transmission can be predefined, set, or notified. Figure 18 Examples of time slot formats DDDD, DDDU, DUDU, and DUUU are shown.

[0169] Furthermore, the duration of a block can be fixed to support predefined slot formats. Additionally, the duration of a slot, subframe, and / or frame can be significantly smaller than the number of OFDM symbols. This reduces the number of slot formats. It is suitable for fixed-block-length systems that reduce complexity.

[0170] Action 4-2) The parameter set and setting method for block-oriented transmission are explained in 1) and 2) below. Additionally, transmission scheduling that uses blocks as the granularity instead of OFDM symbols can also be defined as block-oriented transmission.

[0171] 1) Multiple SCSs or parameter sets can be specified for block-oriented transmission. OFDM type waveforms and / or non-OFDM type waveforms can also be used (e.g., OOK (On-off keying), multi-carrier transmission based on single-carrier transmission in each channel or subcarrier, etc.). Figure 19 This is a diagram illustrating an example (6) of the block-style implementation in an embodiment of the present invention. For example... Figure 19 As shown, block mode can also be applied to send only to a specific set of parameters.

[0172] 1-1) Block mode transmission and SCS and / or parameter set can be set explicitly or implicitly. For example, parameter set 15 can be applied to both OFDM symbol mode and block mode. In this case, both the setting of parameter set 15 and the set of block mode transmission may be required. Block mode transmission can also be set explicitly or implicitly based on other parameters (e.g., frequency band, waveform type). For example, block mode transmission can be set when the frequency band is set to sub-THz or B71GHz. For example, block mode transmission can be set when a non-OFDM waveform type is specified.

[0173] 1-2) Alternatively, it is possible to perform block mode transmission in conjunction with the SCS and / or parameter set. For example, only parameter sets 15-17 and the corresponding SCS can be applied to block mode transmission. Therefore, block mode transmission can also be configured when parameter set 15 is set.

[0174] Additionally, the block length can be scaled based on SCS, not scaled, or fixed. Both OFDM and non-OFDM waveforms can be used for block-mode transmission. When both waveform types are supported, the waveform type can be set explicitly or implicitly, or in conjunction with or separately from the block-mode transmission settings.

[0175] 2) In block mode transmission, SCS and / or parameter sets may not be defined. Channel bandwidth and / or carrier frequency, as well as explicit or implicit notifications for block mode transmission, may also be required. Non-OFDM waveform types (e.g., OOK, single carrier) may also be supported. Figure 20 This is a diagram illustrating an example (7) of the block arrangement in an embodiment of the present invention. For example... Figure 20 As shown, when block mode is set for sending, IFFT may not be applied.

[0176] Implicit notifications for block mode transmission can be executed independently of the parameter set and SCS, depending on the scenario and / or frequency band. When the frequency band is set to sub-THz or B71GHz, block mode transmission can be used for at least PDSCH and / or PUSCH. Explicit notifications for the transmission mode can be either OFDM symbol mode transmission or block mode transmission.

[0177] Block transmission mode and associated parameters (e.g., waveform type, SCS, channel bandwidth, and / or carrier frequency) can be configured via higher-layer signaling (RRC, MAC-CE, SIB) and / or physical-layer signaling (DCI, UCI). This configuration can be semi-static or dynamic. It can be set to some or all of the PDSCH, PUSCH, SSB, PDCCH, PUCCH, etc.

[0178] (Action 4-3) Block mode and OFDM symbol mode systems can coexist. Resources used for block mode transmission and OFDM symbol mode transmission can also be multiplexed using TDM, FDM, or a hybrid multiplexing method of TDM and FDM. In addition, the edges of blocks can be aligned with the boundaries of OFDM symbols, sub-slots, slots, and subframes to ensure compatibility.

[0179] Option 1) Figure 21 This is a diagram illustrating an example (8) of the block-style implementation in an embodiment of the present invention. For example... Figure 21 As shown, FDM can be applied to both block mode transmission and OFDM symbol mode transmission. Different frequency resources can be allocated to block mode transmission and OFDM symbol mode transmission. For example... Figure 21 As shown, each frequency resource can be allocated to different BWPs (and / or serving cells), or to a single BWP (and / or serving cell). Within a single BWP, if the parameter sets transmitted in block mode differ from those transmitted in OFDM symbol mode, a new UE capability indicating whether the action is supported can also be defined.

[0180] Option 2) Figure 22 This is a diagram illustrating an example (9) of the block arrangement in an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 22 As shown, TDM can be applied to both block mode transmission and OFDM symbol mode transmission. Different time resources can be allocated to block mode transmission and OFDM symbol mode transmission.

[0181] Option 3) Figure 23 This is a diagram illustrating an example (10) of the block-style implementation in an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 23 As shown, a hybrid multiplexing method based on TDM and FDM can also be applied to block mode transmission and OFDM symbol mode transmission. For example... Figure 23As shown, each frequency resource can be allocated to different BWPs (and / or serving cells), or to a single BWP (and / or serving cell). Within a single BWP, when the parameter sets transmitted in block mode differ from those transmitted in OFDM symbol mode, a new UE capability indicating whether the action is supported can be defined.

[0182] Through the above action 4), it is possible to specify a transmission and reception method suitable for sub-THz and NTN, etc.

[0183] The following UE capabilities can be defined.

[0184] Does it support SCS frequencies above 960kHz?

[0185] OFDM symbol #0 and / or #7.2 -μ Does it support CP for new content? This new content could be, for example, a known sequence, preamble, or reference signal.

[0186] Does OFDM symbol #0 and / or #7 in each time slot support the new CP length?

[0187] Does it support OFDM symbol numbers other than 12 and 14?

[0188] Does it support 2 for OFDM symbols? n 3 m 5 l The DFT size. The corresponding waveform type can be CP-OFDM, DFT-s-OFDM, and / or enhanced CP-OFDM, DFT-s-OFDM.

[0189] Does it support 2? -μ During time slots other than ms.

[0190] Does it support new time units?

[0191] Does it support waveforms with flexible CP lengths (e.g., NCP, UW-based DFT-s-OFDM)?

[0192] Whether block mode transmission, block mode frame structure, parameter set, and coexistence of block mode transmission and OFDM symbol mode transmission are supported.

[0193] Does it support simultaneous processing of channels and / or signals with different parameter sets?

[0194] According to the above embodiments, base station 10 or terminal 20 can apply wireless frame structures suitable for next-generation wireless communication systems such as sub-THz and NTN to communication.

[0195] That is, in wireless communication systems, it is possible to apply wireless frame structures that are adapted to delay-related environments.

[0196] (Device structure)

[0197] Next, an example of the functional structure of the base station 10 and terminal 20 performing the processes and actions described above will be explained. The base station 10 and terminal 20 include the functions implemented in the above embodiments. However, the base station 10 and terminal 20 may each have only a portion of the functions described in the embodiments.

[0198] <Base Station 10>

[0199] Figure 24 This is a diagram illustrating an example of the functional structure of base station 10 in an embodiment of the present invention. For example... Figure 24 As shown, the base station 10 includes a transmitting unit 110, a receiving unit 120, a setting unit 130, and a control unit 140. Figure 24 The functional structure shown is merely an example. As long as the actions involved in the embodiments of this invention can be performed, the functional distinctions and names of the functional units can be arbitrary.

[0200] The transmitting unit 110 includes the function of generating a signal to be transmitted to the terminal 20 and wirelessly transmitting the signal. Furthermore, the transmitting unit 110 transmits inter-network node messages to other network nodes. The receiving unit 120 includes the function of receiving various signals transmitted from the terminal 20 and obtaining, for example, higher-level information from the received signals. Furthermore, the transmitting unit 110 has the function of transmitting NR-PSS, NR-SSS, NR-PBCH, DL / UL control signals, etc., to the terminal 20. Furthermore, the receiving unit 120 receives inter-network node messages from other network nodes.

[0201] The setting unit 130 stores preset setting information and various setting information sent to the terminal 20. The content of the setting information includes, for example, information related to frame structure settings.

[0202] As described in the embodiment, the control unit 140 performs control related to the setting of the frame structure. Additionally, the control unit 140 performs scheduling. Alternatively, the signal transmission-related functions of the control unit 140 may be included in the transmission unit 110, and the signal reception-related functions of the control unit 140 may be included in the reception unit 120.

[0203] Terminal 20

[0204] Figure 25 This is a diagram illustrating an example of the functional structure of terminal 20 in an embodiment of the present invention. For example... Figure 25 As shown, the terminal 20 includes a transmitting unit 210, a receiving unit 220, a setting unit 230, and a control unit 240. Figure 25 The functional structure shown is merely an example. As long as the actions involved in the embodiments of this invention can be performed, the functional distinctions and names of the functional units can be arbitrary.

[0205] The transmitting unit 210 generates a transmission signal based on the transmission data and transmits the transmission signal wirelessly. The receiving unit 220 wirelessly receives various signals and obtains higher-layer signals from the received physical layer signals. Furthermore, the receiving unit 220 has the function of receiving NR-PSS, NR-SSS, NR-PBCH, DL / UL / SL control signals, etc., transmitted from the base station 10. For example, as D2D communication, the transmitting unit 210 transmits PSCCH (Physical Sidelink Control Channel), PSSCH (Physical Sidelink Shared Channel), PSDCH (Physical Sidelink Discovery Channel), PSBCH (Physical Sidelink Broadcast Channel), etc., to other terminals 20, and the receiving unit 220 receives PSCCH, PSSCH, PSDCH, or PSBCH from other terminals 20.

[0206] The setting unit 230 stores various setting information received from the base station 10 by the receiving unit 220. In addition, the setting unit 230 also stores preset setting information. The content of the setting information includes, for example, information related to frame structure settings.

[0207] As described in the embodiment, the control unit 240 performs control related to the setting of the frame structure. Alternatively, the signal transmission-related functions of the control unit 240 may be included in the transmission unit 210, and the signal reception-related functions of the control unit 240 may be included in the reception unit 220.

[0208] (Hardware structure)

[0209] The block diagrams used in the description of the above embodiments ( Figure 24 as well as Figure 25The diagram illustrates blocks organized by function. These functional blocks (components) are implemented through any combination of at least one of hardware and software. Furthermore, there are no particular limitations on the implementation method of each functional block. That is, each functional block can be implemented using a single device that is physically or logically combined, or by directly or indirectly (e.g., using wired, wireless, etc.) connecting two or more physically or logically separate devices. Functional blocks can also be implemented by combining software within the aforementioned single or multiple devices.

[0210] The functions include judgment, decision, determination, calculation, calculation, processing, derivation, investigation, search, confirmation, receiving, sending, output, access, resolution, selection, selection, establishment, comparison, assumption, expectation, consideration, broadcasting, notifying, communicating, forwarding, configuring, reconfiguring, allocating, mapping, and assigning, but are not limited to these. For example, the functional block (structural part) that performs the sending function is called the transmitting unit or transmitter. In short, as mentioned above, there are no particular limitations on the implementation method.

[0211] For example, in one embodiment of this disclosure, the base station 10, terminal 20, etc., can also function as a computer for processing the wireless communication method of this disclosure. Figure 26 This is a diagram illustrating an example of the hardware structure of a base station 10 and a terminal 20 according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The base station 10 and the terminal 20 may also be configured as a computer device that physically includes a processor 1001, a storage device 1002, an auxiliary storage device 1003, a communication device 1004, an input device 1005, an output device 1006, and a bus 1007.

[0212] Furthermore, in the following description, the term "device" can be replaced with "circuit," "device," "unit," etc. The hardware structure of base station 10 and terminal 20 can be configured to include one or more of the devices shown in the figures, or it can be configured to include no part of the device.

[0213] The functions of base station 10 and terminal 20 are implemented by reading predetermined software (program) into hardware such as processor 1001 and storage device 1002, so that processor 1001 performs calculations and controls the communication of communication device 1004 or controls at least one of reading and writing data in storage device 1002 and auxiliary storage device 1003.

[0214] The processor 1001 controls the computer as a whole by instructing the operating system to operate. The processor 1001 may also be a central processing unit (CPU) that includes interfaces with peripheral devices, control units, arithmetic units, registers, etc. For example, the control unit 140 and control unit 240 described above can also be implemented using the processor 1001.

[0215] Furthermore, the processor 1001 reads programs (program code), software modules, or data from at least one of the auxiliary storage devices 1003 and communication devices 1004, and performs various processes accordingly. As a program, a program is used that causes the computer to perform at least a portion of the actions described in the above embodiments. For example, Figure 24 The control unit 140 of the base station 10 shown can be implemented by a control program stored in the storage device 1002 and operated in the processor 1001. Alternatively, for example, Figure 25 The control unit 240 of the terminal 20 shown can also be implemented by a control program stored in the storage device 1002 and operated by the processor 1001. Although it has been described that the various processes described above are executed by one processor 1001, the various processes described above can also be executed simultaneously or sequentially by two or more processors 1001. The processor 1001 can also be implemented by one or more chips. In addition, the program can also be sent from the network via a telecommunications line.

[0216] Storage device 1002 is a computer-readable recording medium, and may be composed of at least one of the following: ROM (Read Only Memory), EPROM (Erasable Programmable ROM), EEPROM (Electrically Erasable Programmable ROM), RAM (Random Access Memory). Storage device 1002 may also be referred to as a register, cache, main memory (main storage device), etc. Storage device 1002 can store programs (program code), software modules, etc., that are executable for implementing the communication method according to one embodiment of this disclosure.

[0217] The auxiliary storage device 1003 is a computer-readable recording medium, such as at least one of the following: CD-ROM (CompactDisc ROM) or other optical discs, hard disks, floppy disks, magneto-optical discs (e.g., compact discs, digital multifunction discs, Blu-ray discs, smart cards, flash memory (e.g., cards, sticks, key drives), floppy disks, magnetic stripes, etc. The aforementioned storage medium may be, for example, a database, server, or other suitable media that includes at least one of the storage device 1002 and the auxiliary storage device 1003.

[0218] The communication device 1004 is hardware (transceiver) used for communication between computers via at least one of a wired network and a wireless network. It may also be referred to as a network device, network controller, network interface card (NIC), communication module, etc. The communication device 1004 may, for example, be configured to include a high-frequency switch, duplexer, filter, frequency synthesizer, etc., to implement at least one of frequency division duplex (FDD) and time division duplex (TDD). For example, transceiver antennas, amplifiers, transceiver units, transmission path interfaces, etc., can also be implemented using the communication device 1004. The transceiver unit may also be physically or logically separated into a transmitting unit and a receiving unit.

[0219] Input device 1005 is an input device that accepts input from external sources (e.g., keyboard, mouse, microphone, switch, button, sensor, etc.). Output device 1006 is an output device that performs output to external sources (e.g., display, speaker, LED, etc.). Alternatively, input device 1005 and output device 1006 can also be integrated (e.g., a touch panel).

[0220] Furthermore, the processor 1001 and storage device 1002, among other devices, are connected via a bus 1007 for communicating information. The bus 1007 can be configured using a single bus or different buses can be used between each device.

[0221] Furthermore, the base station 10 and the terminal 20 can be configured to include hardware such as a microprocessor, a digital signal processor (DSP), an ASIC (Application Specific Integrated Circuit), a PLD (Programmable Logic Device), or a FPGA (Field Programmable Gate Array), and can also use this hardware to implement part or all of the functional blocks. For example, the processor 1001 can also be implemented using at least one of these hardware components.

[0222] Figure 27 This shows an example of the configuration of vehicle 2001. For example... Figure 27 As shown, the vehicle 2001 includes a drive unit 2002, a steering unit 2003, an accelerator pedal 2004, a brake pedal 2005, a gearshift lever 2006, front wheels 2007, rear wheels 2008, an axle 2009, an electronic control unit 2010, various sensors 2021-2029, an information service unit 2012, and a communication module 2013. The various forms / implementations described in this disclosure can also be applied to communication devices mounted on the vehicle 2001, for example, to the communication module 2013.

[0223] The drive unit 2002 may be composed, for example, an engine, a motor, or a hybrid power system of an engine and a motor. The steering unit 2003 includes at least a steering wheel (also called a steering wheel) and is configured to steer at least one of the front wheels and the rear wheels based on the operation of the steering wheel operated by the user.

[0224] The electronic control unit 2010 consists of a microprocessor 2031, a memory (ROM, RAM) 2032, and a communication port (I / O port) 2033. Signals from various sensors 2021 to 2029 of the vehicle 2001 are input to the electronic control unit 2010. The electronic control unit 2010 can also be referred to as an ECU (Electronic Control Unit).

[0225] The signals from various sensors 2021 to 2029 include current signals from current sensor 2021 that senses the current of the motor, speed signals of the front or rear wheels obtained by speed sensor 2022, air pressure signals of the front or rear wheels obtained by air pressure sensor 2023, vehicle speed signals obtained by vehicle speed sensor 2024, acceleration signals obtained by acceleration sensor 2025, accelerator pedal depress signal obtained by accelerator pedal sensor 2029, brake pedal depress signal obtained by brake pedal sensor 2026, gear lever operation signals obtained by gear lever sensor 2027, and detection signals obtained by object detection sensor 2028 for detecting obstacles, vehicles, pedestrians, etc.

[0226] The Information Service Unit 2012 comprises various devices such as a car navigation system, audio system, speakers, television, and radio, used to provide (output) various information such as driving information, traffic information, and entertainment information, and one or more ECUs that control these devices. The Information Service Unit 2012 uses information obtained from external devices via a communication module 2013, etc., to provide various multimedia information and multimedia services to the occupants of the vehicle 2001. The Information Service Unit 2012 may include input devices that accept input from external sources (such as keyboards, mice, microphones, switches, buttons, sensors, touch panels, etc.), and may also include output devices that perform output to external sources (such as displays, speakers, LED lights, touch panels, etc.).

[0227] The Driver Assistance System 2030 comprises various devices used to prevent accidents or reduce driver workload, such as millimeter-wave radar, LiDAR (Light Detection and Ranging), cameras, positioning devices (e.g., GNSS), map information (e.g., high-definition (HD) maps, autonomous vehicle (AV) maps), gyroscope systems (e.g., IMU (Inertial Measurement Unit), INS (Inertial Navigation System)), AI (Artificial Intelligence) chips, and AI processors, as well as one or more ECUs that control these devices. Furthermore, the Driver Assistance System 2030 transmits and receives various information via the communication module 2013 to achieve driver assistance or autonomous driving functions.

[0228] The communication module 2013 can communicate with the microprocessor 2031 and the components of the vehicle 2001 via the communication port. For example, the communication module 2013 can send and receive data with the drive unit 2002, steering unit 2003, accelerator pedal 2004, brake pedal 2005, gear shift lever 2006, front wheel 2007, rear wheel 2008, axle 2009, microprocessor 2031 in the electronic control unit 2010, memory (ROM, RAM) 2032, and sensors 2021 to 29 in the vehicle 2001 via the communication port 2033.

[0229] The communication module 2013, controlled by the microprocessor 2031 of the electronic control unit 2010, is a communication device capable of communicating with external devices. For example, it can transmit and receive various types of information with external devices via wireless communication. The communication module 2013 can be located inside or outside the electronic control unit 2010. External devices can be, for example, base stations, mobile stations, etc.

[0230] The communication module 2013 can also wirelessly transmit at least one of the signals input to the electronic control unit 2010 from the various sensors 2021-2028 described above, the information obtained based on those signals, and the information obtained via the information service unit 2012 based on input from an external source (user) to an external device. The electronic control unit 2010, the various sensors 2021-2028, and the information service unit 2012 can also be referred to as input units that receive input. For example, the PUSCH transmitted by the communication module 2013 may include information based on the aforementioned inputs.

[0231] The communication module 2013 receives various information (traffic information, signal information, vehicle-to-vehicle information, etc.) sent from external devices and displays it on the information service unit 2012 of the vehicle 2001. The information service unit 2012 can also be referred to as an output unit (for example, an output unit that outputs information to devices such as displays and speakers based on the PDSCH received by the communication module 2013 (or data / information decoded from the PDSCH)). Furthermore, the communication module 2013 stores the various information received from external devices in a memory 2032 available to the microprocessor 2031. The microprocessor 2031 can also control the drive unit 2002, steering unit 2003, accelerator pedal 2004, brake pedal 2005, gearshift lever 2006, front wheels 2007, rear wheels 2008, axles 2009, sensors 2021-2029, etc., of the vehicle 2001 based on the information stored in the memory 2032.

[0232] (Summary of implementation methods)

[0233] As described above, according to an embodiment of the present invention, a communication apparatus is provided, comprising: a control unit that generates a plurality of OFDM (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing) symbols; and a transmission unit that transmits the plurality of OFDM symbols in a frequency band higher than a certain frequency, wherein the control unit performs different processing related to CP (Cyclic Prefix) appending for specific OFDM symbols among the plurality of OFDM symbols and OFDM symbols other than the specific OFDM symbols among the plurality of OFDM symbols.

[0234] Based on the above structure, base station 10 or terminal 20 can apply a wireless frame structure suitable for next-generation wireless communication systems such as sub-THz or NTN to communication. That is, in the wireless communication system, a wireless frame structure adapted to a delay-related environment can be applied.

[0235] The control unit can also use the specific OFDM symbols to perform handover functions. According to this structure, terminal 20 can perform various handover functions based on the radio frame structure without affecting the system.

[0236] The control unit can multiply the CP length by different coefficients for the specific OFDM symbol and OFDM symbols other than the specific OFDM symbol. According to this structure, the base station 10 or terminal 20 can apply a wireless frame structure suitable for next-generation wireless communication systems such as sub-THz or NTN to communication.

[0237] The control unit can also determine the position of the known bit corresponding to serial cancellation decoding if the length of the codeword is not greater than a certain value. According to this structure, the base station 10 or terminal 20 can apply a wireless frame structure suitable for next-generation wireless communication systems such as sub-THz or NTN to communication.

[0238] The control unit can also limit the gap between the CP length of the specific OFDM symbol and the CP length of OFDM symbols other than the specific OFDM symbol to a certain range. According to this structure, the base station 10 or the terminal 20 can apply a wireless frame structure suitable for next-generation wireless communication systems such as sub-THz or NTN to communication.

[0239] The control unit can change the CP length by altering the duration of each time slot or the number of OFDM symbols in each time slot. Based on this structure, base station 10 or terminal 20 can apply a wireless frame structure suitable for next-generation wireless communication systems such as sub-THz or NTN to communication.

[0240] Furthermore, according to an embodiment of the present invention, a communication method is provided, wherein a communication device performs the following steps: generating a plurality of OFDM (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing) symbols; transmitting the plurality of OFDM symbols in a frequency band higher than a certain frequency; and performing different processing related to CP (Cyclic Prefix) appending for a specific OFDM symbol among the plurality of OFDM symbols and OFDM symbols other than the specific OFDM symbol among the plurality of OFDM symbols.

[0241] Based on the above structure, base station 10 or terminal 20 can apply a wireless frame structure suitable for next-generation wireless communication systems such as sub-THz or NTN to communication. That is, in the wireless communication system, a wireless frame structure adapted to a delay-related environment can be applied.

[0242] (Supplement to the implementation method)

[0243] The embodiments of the present invention have been described above, but the disclosed invention is not limited to such embodiments. Those skilled in the art should understand various modifications, alterations, substitutions, and replacements. Specific numerical examples have been used to facilitate understanding of the invention, but unless otherwise specified, these values ​​are merely examples, and any appropriate values ​​may be used. The distinctions between items in the above description are not essential to the present invention. Items described in two or more items may be combined as needed, and items described in one item may be applied to items described in another item (as long as there is no contradiction). The boundaries of functional units or processing units in the functional block diagram do not necessarily correspond to the boundaries of physical components. Multiple functional units may be operated by a single physical component, or a single functional unit may be operated by multiple physical components. Regarding the processing described in the embodiments, the order of processing may be interchanged unless there is a contradiction. For ease of explanation, a functional block diagram is used to illustrate the base station 10 and terminal 20, but such a device may also be implemented by hardware, software, or a combination thereof. The software operating according to the embodiments of the present invention via the processor of the base station 10 and the software operating according to the embodiments of the present invention via the processor of the terminal 20 may also be stored in random access memory (RAM), flash memory, read-only memory (ROM), EPROM, EEPROM, register, hard disk (HDD), removable disk, CD-ROM, database, server and other suitable storage media, respectively.

[0244] Furthermore, the notification of information is not limited to the forms / implementations described in this disclosure, and other methods may also be used. For example, information notification may be implemented through physical layer signaling (e.g., DCI (Downlink Control Information), UCI (Uplink Control Information)), higher layer signaling (e.g., RRC (Radio Resource Control) signaling, MAC (Medium Access Control) signaling, broadcast information (MIB (Master Information Block), SIB (System Information Block)), other signals, or combinations thereof. In addition, RRC signaling may also be referred to as an RRC message, for example, it may be an RRC connection setup message, an RRC connection reconfiguration message, etc.

[0245] The various forms / implementations described in this disclosure can also be applied to at least one of LTE (Long Term Evolution), LTE-A (LTE-Advanced), SUPER 3G, IMT-Advanced, 4G (4th generation mobile communication system), 5G (5th generation mobile communication system), FRA (Future Radio Access), NR (new Radio), W-CDMA (registered trademark), GSM (registered trademark), CDMA2000, UMB (Ultra Mobile Broadband), IEEE 802.11 (Wi-Fi (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.16 (WiMAX (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.20, UWB (Ultra-Wideband), Bluetooth (registered trademark), other suitable systems, and next-generation systems extended therefrom. Furthermore, multiple systems can be combined (e.g., a combination of at least one of LTE and LTE-A with 5G, etc.) for application.

[0246] The processing procedures, timing, and flow of the various forms / implementations described in this specification may be rearranged in order, provided there is no contradiction. For example, the elements of various steps are indicated using an illustrative order for the methods described in this disclosure, but are not limited to the specific order indicated.

[0247] In this specification, certain actions performed by base station 10 may sometimes also be performed by its upper node, depending on the circumstances. In a network consisting of one or more network nodes having base station 10, it is obvious that various actions performed to communicate with terminal 20 can be performed by at least one of base station 10 and other network nodes besides base station 10 (e.g., considering MME or S-GW, but not limited to these). The above example illustrates the case where there is one other network node besides base station 10, but other network nodes can also be a combination of multiple other network nodes (e.g., MME and S-GW).

[0248] The information or signals described in this disclosure can be output from a higher (or lower) layer to a lower (or higher) layer. They can also be input or output via multiple network nodes.

[0249] Input or output information can be stored in a specific location (e.g., memory) or managed using a management table. Input or output information can be overwritten, updated, or appended. Output information can also be deleted. Input information can also be sent to other devices.

[0250] The determination in this disclosure can be made by a value represented by 1 bit (0 or 1), by a Boolean value (Boolean: true or false), or by a comparison of numerical values ​​(e.g., a comparison with a predetermined value).

[0251] Software, whether called software, firmware, middleware, microcode, hardware description language, or by other names, should be broadly interpreted as referring to commands, command sets, code, code segments, program code, programs, subroutines, software modules, applications, software applications, software packages, routines, subroutines, objects, executable files, execution threads, procedures, functions, etc.

[0252] In addition, software, commands, information, etc., can be sent and received via a transmission medium. For example, when software is sent from a webpage, server, or other remote source using at least one of wired technologies (coaxial cable, fiber optic cable, twisted pair, digital subscriber line (DSL) etc.) and wireless technologies (infrared, microwave, etc.), at least one of these wired and wireless technologies is included within the definition of a transmission medium.

[0253] The information, signals, etc., described in this disclosure can also be represented using any of a variety of different technologies. For example, the data, commands, instructions, information, signals, bits, symbols, chips, etc., that may be involved in the above description can be represented by voltage, current, electromagnetic waves, magnetic fields or magnetic particles, light fields or photons, or any combination of these.

[0254] Furthermore, the terms used in this disclosure and those necessary for understanding this disclosure may be replaced with terms that have the same or similar meanings. For example, at least one of the channel and symbol may also be a signal (signaling). Additionally, a signal may also be a message. Furthermore, a component carrier (CC) may also be referred to as carrier frequency, cell, frequency carrier, etc.

[0255] The terms “system” and “network” as used in this disclosure are used interchangeably.

[0256] Furthermore, the information, parameters, etc., described in this disclosure can be represented using absolute values, relative values ​​to predetermined values, or other corresponding information. For example, wireless resources can also be indicated using indexes.

[0257] The names used for the above parameters are non-limiting in any respect. Furthermore, the formulas, etc., using these parameters sometimes differ from those explicitly disclosed in this disclosure. Various channels (e.g., PUCCH, PDCCH, etc.) and information elements can be identified by all appropriate names, therefore the various names assigned to these channels and information elements are non-limiting in any respect.

[0258] In this disclosure, the terms "base station (BS)," "wireless base station," "base station device," "fixed station," "NodeB," "eNodeB (eNB)," "gNodeB (gNB)," "access point," "transmission point," "reception point," "transmission / reception point," "cell," "sector," "cell group," "carrier," and "component carrier" are used interchangeably. Sometimes, terms such as macro cell, small cell, femtocell, and picocell are also used to refer to base stations.

[0259] A base station can accommodate one or more (e.g., three) cells. When a base station accommodates multiple cells, its coverage area can be divided into several smaller areas, each of which can provide communication services through a base station subsystem (e.g., a small indoor base station RRH: Remote Radio Head). Terms such as "cell" or "sector" refer to a portion or all of the coverage area of ​​at least one of the base station and base station subsystem providing communication services within that coverage area.

[0260] In this disclosure, the base station sending information to the terminal can also be replaced by the base station instructing the terminal on information-based control / actions.

[0261] In this disclosure, the terms "Mobile Station (MS)," "User Terminal (user terminal)," "User Equipment (UE)," and "Terminal" can be used interchangeably.

[0262] For mobile stations, those skilled in the art sometimes also use the following terms: subscriber station, mobile unit, subscriber unit, wireless unit, remote unit, mobile device, wireless device, wireless communication device, remote device, mobile subscriber station, access terminal, mobile terminal, wireless terminal, remote terminal, handheld device, user agent, mobile client, client, or some other appropriate terms.

[0263] At least one of the base station and mobile station can also be referred to as a transmitting device, receiving device, communication device, etc. Furthermore, at least one of the base station and mobile station can also be a device mounted on a mobile body, the mobile body itself, etc. The mobile body refers to an object capable of movement, with arbitrary speed. It also includes situations where the mobile body is stationary. Examples of mobile bodies include, but are not limited to, vehicles, transport vehicles, automobiles, motorcycles, bicycles, connected cars, excavators, bulldozers, wheel loaders, dump trucks, forklifts, trains, buses, rear cars, rickshaws, ships (ships and other watercraft), airplanes, rockets, artificial satellites, Drone (registered trademark), multi-rotor helicopters, quadcopter helicopters, balloons, and objects mounted on them. Additionally, the mobile body can also be a mobile body that moves autonomously based on operating commands. It can be a means of transportation (e.g., car, airplane), a mobile body moving in an unmanned manner (e.g., drone, autonomous vehicle), or a robot (humanized or unmanned). Furthermore, at least one of the base station and mobile station also includes devices that do not necessarily move during communication operations. For example, at least one of the base station and the mobile station can be an IoT (Internet of Things) device such as a sensor.

[0264] Furthermore, the base station in this disclosure can also be replaced by a user terminal. For example, the communication between the base station and the user terminal can be replaced by communication between multiple terminals 20 (e.g., D2D (Device-to-Device), V2X (Vehicle-to-Everything), etc.), and various forms / implementations of this disclosure can also be applied. In this case, the terminal 20 can also be configured to have the functions of the base station 10 described above. In addition, terms such as "uplink" and "downlink" can be replaced with terms corresponding to communication between terminals (e.g., "side"). For example, uplink channel, downlink channel, etc. can also be replaced with side channel.

[0265] Similarly, the user terminal in this disclosure can also be replaced by a base station. In this case, the base station can also be configured to have the functions of the aforementioned user terminal.

[0266] The terms "determining" and "determining" as used in this disclosure sometimes encompass a variety of actions. For example, "determining" or "determining" may include actions such as judging, calculating, computing, processing, deriving, investigating, searching (e.g., searching in a table, database, or other data structure), and ascertaining, which are considered as actions of "determining" or "determining." Furthermore, "determining" or "determining" may include actions such as receiving (e.g., receiving information), transmitting (e.g., sending information), inputting, outputting, and accessing (e.g., accessing data in memory), which are considered as actions of "determining" or "determining." Moreover, "determining" or "determining" may include actions such as resolving, selecting, choosing, establishing, and comparing, which are considered as actions of "determining" or "determining." That is, "judgment" and "decision" can include situations where certain actions are regarded as having been "judged" or "decided". In addition, "judgment (decision)" can also be replaced by "assuming", "expecting", "considering", etc.

[0267] The terms “connected,” “coupled,” or any variations thereof are intended to indicate any direct or indirect connection or combination between two or more elements, including cases where there is one or more intermediate elements between the two elements that are “connected” or “coupled.” The combination or connection between elements can be physical, logical, or a combination of these. For example, “access” can be used instead of “connected.” In the context of this disclosure, it can be understood that two elements are “connected” or “coupled” to each other using at least one of one or more wires, cables, and printed electrical connections, and, as some non-limiting and non-inclusive examples, using electromagnetic energy with wavelengths in the wireless frequency domain, microwave region, and light (including both visible and invisible regions) to “connect” or “couple” to each other.

[0268] The reference signal can be simply called RS (Reference Signal), or, depending on the standard applied, pilot.

[0269] As used in this disclosure, the word "based on" does not mean "based on only" unless otherwise expressly stated. In other words, the word "based on" means both "based on only" and "based on at least".

[0270] Any reference to elements using the designations "first," "second," etc., as used in this disclosure does not necessarily limit the number or order of these elements. These designations may be used in this disclosure as a convenient method of distinguishing between two or more elements. Therefore, references to the first and second elements do not imply that only two elements can be taken, or that in any form the first element must precede the second element.

[0271] Alternatively, the "unit" in the structure of the above devices can be replaced with "section", "circuit", "equipment", etc.

[0272] When the terms "include," "including," and their variations are used in this disclosure, these terms, like the term "comprising," imply inclusion. Furthermore, the term "or" as used in this disclosure does not refer to XOR.

[0273] A radio frame can consist of one or more frames in the time domain. In the time domain, one or more frames can be called subframes. A subframe can also consist of one or more time slots in the time domain. A subframe can also be a fixed time length (e.g., 1 ms) independent of the parameter set (numerology).

[0274] A parameter set can be communication parameters applied to at least one of the transmission and reception of a signal or channel. For example, a parameter set can represent at least one of the following: Subcarrier Spacing (SCS), bandwidth, symbol length, cyclic prefix length, Transmission Time Interval (TTI), number of symbols per TTI, radio frame structure, specific filtering processing performed by the transceiver in the frequency domain, and specific windowing processing performed by the transceiver in the time domain.

[0275] In the time domain, a time slot can be composed of one or more symbols (OFDM (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing) symbols, SC-FDMA (Single Carrier Frequency Division Multiple Access) symbols, etc.). A time slot can be a time unit based on a set of parameters.

[0276] A time slot can contain multiple mini-time slots. Each mini-time slot can consist of one or more symbols in the time domain. Additionally, a mini-time slot can also be called a sub-time slot. A mini-time slot can consist of fewer symbols than a time slot. PDSCH (or PUSCH) transmitted in time units larger than mini-time slots can be called PDSCH (or PUSCH) mapping type A. PDSCH (or PUSCH) transmitted using mini-time slots can be called PDSCH (or PUSCH) mapping type B.

[0277] Radio frames, subframes, time slots, mini-time slots, and symbols all represent time units for transmitting signals. Radio frames, subframes, time slots, mini-time slots, and symbols can also be referred to by their respective alternative names.

[0278] For example, one subframe can be called a Transmission Time Interval (TTI), multiple consecutive subframes can also be called a TTI, and one time slot or one mini-time slot can also be called a TTI. That is, at least one of the subframe and TTI can be a subframe (1ms) in existing LTE, a period shorter than 1ms (e.g., symbols 1-13), or a period longer than 1ms. In addition, the unit representing TTI can also be called a time slot, mini-time slot, etc., instead of a subframe.

[0279] Here, TTI refers, for example, to the smallest unit of time for scheduling in wireless communication. For instance, in an LTE system, the base station schedules the allocation of radio resources (bandwidth, transmit power, etc., available to each terminal 20) in units of TTI. However, the definition of TTI is not limited to this.

[0280] The Time Interval (TTI) can be a unit of time for transmitting channel-coded data packets (transmission blocks), code blocks, codewords, etc., or it can be a processing unit such as scheduling or link adaptation. Furthermore, when a TTI is given, the actual time interval (e.g., the number of symbols) that the transmission block, code block, codeword, etc., are mapped to can be shorter than that TTI.

[0281] Furthermore, when one time slot or one mini-time slot is referred to as a TTI, more than one TTI (i.e., more than one time slot or more than one mini-time slot) can also become the minimum time unit for scheduling. In addition, the number of time slots (mini-time slots) constituting the minimum time unit for scheduling can also be controlled.

[0282] A TTI with a duration of 1ms can also be called a normal TTI (TTI in LTE Rel.8-12), a regular TTI, a long TTI, a normal subframe, a regular subframe, a long subframe, a time slot, etc. A TTI shorter than a normal TTI can also be called a shortened TTI, a short TTI, a partial or fractional TTI, a shortened subframe, a short subframe, a mini time slot, a sub-time slot, a time slot, etc.

[0283] In addition, a long TTI (e.g., a normal TTI, a subframe, etc.) can be understood as a TTI with a duration of more than 1ms, and a short TTI (e.g., a shortened TTI, etc.) can be understood as a TTI with a duration of less than a long TTI but more than 1ms.

[0284] A resource block (RB) is a unit of resource allocation in both the time and frequency domains. In the frequency domain, it can contain one or more consecutive subcarriers. The number of subcarriers contained in an RB can be the same regardless of the parameter set, for example, it can be 12. The number of subcarriers contained in an RB can also be determined based on the parameter set.

[0285] Furthermore, the temporal domain of an RB can contain one or more symbols, and can be 1 time slot, 1 mini-time slot, 1 subframe, or 1 TTI in length. 1 TTI, 1 subframe, etc., can each be composed of one or more resource blocks.

[0286] In addition, one or more RBs can also be called Physical Resource Block (PRB), Sub-Carrier Group (SCG), Resource Element Group (REG), PRB pair, RB pair, etc.

[0287] Furthermore, a resource block can consist of one or more resource elements (REs). For example, 1RE can be a radio resource area with 1 subcarrier and 1 symbol.

[0288] The Bandwidth Part (BWP) (also known as partial bandwidth, etc.) can also represent a subset of contiguous common resource blocks (RBs) used for a certain parameter set in a certain carrier. Here, common RBs can be determined by indexing RBs based on a common reference point of that carrier. PRBs can be defined and numbered within a BWP.

[0289] A BWP can include a UL BWP and a DL BWP. For a UE, one or more BWPs can be set within one carrier.

[0290] At least one of the configured BWPs can be active, and it is not assumed that the UE will transmit or receive predetermined signals / channels outside of the active BWP. In addition, "cell", "carrier", etc. in this disclosure can be replaced by "BWP".

[0291] The structures of radio frames, subframes, time slots, mini-time slots, and symbols described above are merely illustrative. For example, the number of subframes contained in a radio frame, the number of time slots in each subframe or radio frame, the number of mini-time slots contained in a time slot, the number of symbols and RBs contained in a time slot or mini-time slot, the number of subcarriers contained in an RB, and the number of symbols in a TTI, symbol length, and cyclic prefix (CP) length can be varied in many ways.

[0292] In this disclosure, for example, in cases where articles are added through translation, such as in English (e.g., a, an, and the), this disclosure may also include cases where the noun following these articles is in a plural form.

[0293] In this disclosure, the phrase "A and B are different" can mean "A and B are not the same." Additionally, this phrase can also mean "A and B are each different from C." Terms such as "separate" and "combined" can also be interpreted in the same way as "different."

[0294] The various forms / implementations described in this disclosure can be used individually or in combination, and can be switched depending on the execution. Furthermore, the notification of predetermined information (e.g., a "It is X" notification) is not limited to being explicit, but can also be implicit (e.g., not being notified of the predetermined information).

[0295] The present disclosure has been described in detail above, but it will be clear to those skilled in the art that the present disclosure is not limited to the embodiments described herein. The present disclosure can be implemented as modifications and variations without departing from the spirit and scope of the present disclosure as defined by the claims. Therefore, the present disclosure is for illustrative purposes only and is not intended to be limiting.

[0296] Label Explanation

[0297] 10 base stations

[0298] 110 Dispatch Department

[0299] 120 Receiving Department

[0300] 130 Setting Department

[0301] 140 Control Department

[0302] 20 terminals

[0303] 210 Sending Department

[0304] 220 Receiving Department

[0305] 230 Setting Department

[0306] 240 Control Department

[0307] 1001 processor

[0308] 1002 Storage device

[0309] 1003 Auxiliary storage device

[0310] 1004 Communication device

[0311] 1005 Input Device

[0312] 1006 Output Device

Claims

1. A communication device comprising: The control unit generates multiple OFDM symbols, i.e., orthogonal frequency division multiplexing symbols; and The transmitting unit transmits the plurality of OFDM symbols in a frequency band higher than a certain frequency. The control unit performs different processing related to CP appending, i.e., cyclic prefix appending, for specific OFDM symbols among the plurality of OFDM symbols and for OFDM symbols other than the specific OFDM symbols among the plurality of OFDM symbols.

2. The communication device according to claim 1, wherein, The control unit uses the specific OFDM symbols to perform the switching function.

3. The communication device according to claim 1, wherein, The control unit multiplies the CP length by different coefficients for the specific OFDM symbol and OFDM symbols other than the specific OFDM symbol.

4. The communication device according to claim 1, wherein, The control unit limits the gap between the CP length of the specific OFDM symbol and the CP length of OFDM symbols other than the specific OFDM symbol to a certain range.

5. The communication device according to claim 1, wherein, The control unit changes the CP length by changing the number of OFDM symbols during each time slot or in each time slot.

6. A communication method, wherein, The following steps are performed by the communication device: Generate multiple OFDM symbols, i.e., orthogonal frequency division multiplexing symbols; Transmit the plurality of OFDM symbols in a frequency band higher than a certain frequency; and For specific OFDM symbols among the plurality of OFDM symbols and OFDM symbols other than the specific OFDM symbols among the plurality of OFDM symbols, different processing related to CP appending, i.e., cyclic prefix appending, is performed respectively.

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