Method for increasing rice yield of soda saline-alkali soil by utilizing pecan wood smoke liquid

Abstract

The invention relates to the field of rice planting, in particular to a method for improving the yield of rice in soda saline-alkali soil through pecan wood smoke liquid, and provides a method for improving the yield of rice in soda saline-alkali soil through pecan wood smoke liquid. The method for improving the rice yield of the soda saline-alkali soil by utilizing the pecan wood smoke liquid comprises the following steps: 1, disinfecting rice seeds; 2, soaking the seeds with diluted hickory wood smoking liquid; the yield of the rice planted in the soda saline-alkali soil can be increased. The method is low in cost and convenient to treat, can be applied to large-area saline-alkali soil, effectively improves yield constitution factors such as the spike number per plant, the grain number per spike, the maturing rate and the thousand seed weight of rice, and greatly improves the rice yield of the saline-alkali soil; a good application foundation is laid for promoting the growth of saline-alkali soil rice and increasing the yield in agricultural production.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of rice cultivation, specifically to a method for increasing rice yield in soda-saline-alkali land using hickory wood fumigation liquid. Background Technology

[0002] Soil salinization severely restricts agricultural production and food security, affecting approximately 1 billion hectares of arable land globally. Saline-alkali land is widely distributed in major grain-producing areas of Northeast, North, and Northwest China, with the Songnen Plain alone containing 1.15 million hectares of soda-alkali land. Rice, as a salt-alkali sensitive crop, suffers severe growth inhibition from salt stress. During the vegetative growth stage, this manifests as stunted growth, yellowing leaves, and reduced tillering. At the tillering stage, salt stress reduces the number of effective tillers, affecting biomass accumulation. In the reproductive growth stage, salt stress leads to hindered panicle differentiation, prolonged heading period, decreased pollen viability, reduced seed setting rate, and inhibited grain filling and starch accumulation, ultimately resulting in decreased thousand-grain weight and severely impaired yield and quality. Current efforts to improve and utilize saline-alkali land mainly focus on two paths: soil engineering improvement and enhancing crop salt tolerance. Based on these, developing low-cost novel plant growth regulators that can increase crop yields in saline-alkali land is of great significance for improving crop productivity in such areas. Summary of the Invention

[0003] In order to improve the crop productivity in saline-alkali land, this invention provides a method for increasing the yield of rice in soda saline-alkali land by using hickory wood fumigation liquid.

[0004] This invention relates to a method for increasing rice yield in soda-saline-alkali land using pecan wood fumigation liquid:

[0005] Step 1: Disinfect rice seeds;

[0006] Step 2: Soak the seeds in diluted hickory wood fumigation solution; this will increase the yield of rice grown in soda saline-alkali land.

[0007] Further, in step one, rice seed disinfection: rice seeds are soaked in 75% alcohol for 30 seconds to wash away impurities attached to the seeds, rinsed repeatedly with distilled water 3-4 times, and then disinfected with 1% sodium hypochlorite solution for 30-40 minutes, and then rinsed repeatedly with distilled water 8-10 times; the sodium hypochlorite solution disinfection is carried out in a shaker at 22℃ and 130 rpm / min.

[0008] Furthermore, in step two, the concentration of the pecan wood fumigant is diluted to 1 / 100,000 to 1 / 1,000.

[0009] Furthermore, in step two, the concentration of the hickory wood fumigant is diluted to 1 / 1000.

[0010] Furthermore, in step two, the rice seeds are soaked in a dark environment at 30℃ for 48±0.5h, and the diluted hickory wood fumigation liquid is replaced every 24h.

[0011] Furthermore, the method also includes the following steps:

[0012] Step 3: Seedling raising and transplanting;

[0013] Step 4: Field Management;

[0014] Step 5: Once the rice enters the effective tillering stage, spray with a 1000-100000 times diluted hickory wood fumigation solution.

[0015] Furthermore, the effective tillering period mentioned in step five is 40 to 50 days after sowing.

[0016] Furthermore, in step five, the spraying rate of diluted hickory wood fumigant is 50 L / acre.

[0017] Furthermore, the method also includes the following steps:

[0018] Step 6: When the rice enters the heading stage, spray with 1000-100000 times diluted hickory wood fumigation liquid at a rate of 50 L / mu.

[0019] Furthermore, in step six, 10% of the rice plants begin to head at the initial heading stage.

[0020] Hickory wood smoke liquid, as a food additive, has strong biological safety. In this invention, it is used as a novel plant growth regulator. Rice treated with its soaking method showed excellent growth and yield in soda saline-alkali soil, and can effectively alleviate the loss of rice yield caused by alkali stress.

[0021] The method of this invention is low in cost and easy to process, and can be applied to large areas of saline-alkali land. It effectively improves yield components such as the number of panicles per rice plant, the number of grains per panicle, the seed setting rate, and the thousand-grain weight, and significantly increases the yield of rice in saline-alkali land. It lays a good foundation for promoting the growth of rice in saline-alkali land and increasing its yield in agricultural production. Attached Figure Description

[0022] Figure 1 The effects of gradient dilutions of pecan wood fumigant on chlorophyll content in rice during its vegetative growth stage were investigated. Figure 1 A represents the change in chlorophyll content in rice after soaking treatment in Example 1 compared to the control. The chlorophyll content was measured in the field using a handheld chlorophyll analyzer 60 days after sowing, between 9:00 AM and 12:00 PM. Figure 1B represents the change in chlorophyll content in rice during the tillering stage in Example 2 after treatment with serially diluted pecan wood fumigant compared to the control. One week after spraying with the pecan wood fumigant, chlorophyll content was measured using a handheld chlorophyll analyzer between 9:00 AM and 12:00 PM. Three replicates were established, with the average chlorophyll content of 10 rice plants in each replicate taken as representative (n=3, 10 plants / n). A p-value < 0.05 indicates a significant difference between samples; a p-value marked in red indicates that the chlorophyll content in the treatment group was significantly higher than that in the control group (independent samples t-test).

[0023] Figure 2 The effects of pecan wood fumigation solution on rice heading and growth stages after treatment during seed soaking, tillering, and heading stages.

[0024] Figure 3 The changes in plant height and effective panicle number of rice at maturity after treatment with pecan wood fumigant were shown. Figure 3 In the figures, A, D, and G represent the overall growth of rice plants after treatment with hickory wood fumigation solution (Example 1), tillering stage (Example 2), and heading stage (Example 3), respectively. Figure 3 Figures B, E, and H represent the changes in rice plant height at maturity under different concentrations and treatment methods using hickory wood fumigant. Figure 3 C, F, and I represent the changes in the number of effective ears under different treatments. A p-value < 0.05 indicates a significant difference between samples. A p-value marked in red indicates that the statistical value of the treatment group is significantly higher than that of the control group, while a p-value marked in blue indicates that it is significantly lower than that of the control group (independent samples t-test, n=15).

[0025] Figure 4 The effects of hickory wood fumigation on rice panicle development were investigated. Figure 4 Photographs A, F, and K show the panicle development of rice after treatment with hickory wood fumigation solution (Example 1), during the tillering stage (Example 2), and at the heading stage (Example 3), respectively. Figure 4 In Example 1, B, C, D, and E respectively show the changes in panicle length, number of panicle branches, total number of grains per panicle, and seed setting rate of rice after soaking in pecan smoke solution at different dilution concentrations. Figure 4 G, H, I, and J represent the changes in panicle length, number of panicle branches, total number of grains per panicle, and seed setting rate of rice after spraying with pecan wood fumigant during the tillering stage in Example 2. Figure 4 L, M, N, and O represent the changes in panicle length, number of panicle branches, total number of grains per panicle, and seed setting rate of rice after spraying with different concentrations of pecan wood fumigant at the heading stage in Example 3. A p-value < 0.05 indicates a significant difference between samples; p-values ​​marked in red indicate that the statistical value of the treatment group was significantly higher than that of the control group. (Independent samples t-test, n=15);

[0026] Figure 5The effects of hickory wood fumigation on rice grain development were investigated. Figure 5 Figures A, B, and C in Example 1 show the statistical data on grain length, grain width, and thousand-grain weight of rice grown in soda-saline-alkali soil under different concentrations of fumigation solution treatment. Figure 5 Figures D, E, and F in Example 2 show the statistical data of grain length, grain width, and thousand-grain weight of rice in soda-saline-alkali land after spraying with different concentrations of fumigation solution during the tillering stage. Figure 5 G, H, and I are statistical graphs showing the grain length, grain width, and thousand-grain weight of rice in soda-saline-alkali land after spraying different concentrations of fumigant at the heading stage in Example 3. A p-value < 0.05 indicates a significant difference between samples. A red p-value indicates that the statistical value of the treatment group is significantly higher than that of the control group, while a blue p-value indicates that it is significantly lower than that of the control group (independent samples t-test, n=15, 10 grains / n).

[0027] Figure 6 The effect of pecan wood fumigation on rice yield was investigated. Figure 6 Figures A, C, and E show the yield statistics of single rice plants after different concentrations of hickory wood fumigation solution were applied during seed soaking (Example 1), tillering stage (Example 2), and heading stage (Example 3). Figure 6 Figures B, D, and F represent the yield per unit area of ​​rice under different concentrations and treatments of pecan wood fumigation liquid, in tons per hectare. A p-value < 0.05 indicates a significant difference between samples; a p-value highlighted in red indicates that the statistical value of the treatment group was significantly higher than that of the control group; an upward ↑ indicates the percentage increase in yield in the treatment group compared to the control group (independent samples t-test, yield per plant: n=15, yield per hectare: n=3, 1m). 2 Production * 10000 / n). Detailed Implementation

[0028] The technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0029] In this embodiment of the invention, the rice (Oryza sativa L.) is the locally cultivated salt-tolerant variety Dongdao 122. The pecan wood smoke liquid is a commercial food-grade liquid smoke (Commercial Wright's® Hickory Liquid Smoke, abbreviated as SW), produced and supplied by B&G Foods, Inc. of the United States. The pecan wood smoke liquid is formed by smoking freshly cut pecan wood chips and condensing and liquefying the smoke (containing 74% water and 26% natural smoke components).

[0030] Example 1

[0031] Methods to increase rice yield in soda-saline-alkali land using pecan wood fumigation liquid:

[0032] Step 1: Soak Dongdao 122 seeds in 75% alcohol for 30 seconds to wash away impurities attached to the seeds. Rinse repeatedly with distilled water 3-4 times, then add 1% sodium hypochlorite solution for disinfection for 30-40 minutes. During the sodium hypochlorite disinfection, place Dongdao 122 seeds in a shaker at 22℃ and 130 rpm / min for thorough disinfection. After sodium hypochlorite disinfection, rinse repeatedly with distilled water 8-10 times.

[0033] Step 2: Then, the disinfected seeds were placed into glass culture bottles containing pecan wood fumigation solution diluted to 1 / 100000, 1 / 10000 and 1 / 1000 respectively, and soaked in the dark in a constant temperature incubator at 30℃ for 48 h. The working solution was changed every 24 h. The control group (Dongdao 122 seeds) was soaked in distilled water for 48 h to ensure the consistency of the previous treatment.

[0034] Step 3: Seedlings for all experimental groups (including the control group) were raised using conventional methods in a greenhouse. One month after seedling raising, they were transplanted into the field. In May 2025, the seedlings from each experimental group were transplanted to the Da'an Alkali Land Ecological Experimental Station in Jilin Province (45.6°N, 123.5°E), specifically to the soda-salt-alkali paddy fields (pH=8.5), with EC=1295 μs / cm. A randomized block design was used, with each treatment plot measuring 38.7 m². 2 Plant spacing is set at 15 cm, row spacing at 30 cm, and aisle spacing at 50 cm, with one plant per hole;

[0035] Step 4: Field management was the same for all experimental groups, using conventional management methods. The amount of nitrogen fertilizer applied was 15 kg N / mu, and the amount of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer applied was 6 kg / mu. The sources of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium fertilizers were urea, superphosphate, and potassium chloride, respectively. Among them, 50% of nitrogen fertilizer was used as base fertilizer, 25% as tillering fertilizer, and 25% as heading fertilizer; all phosphorus fertilizer was used as base fertilizer, and 70% of potassium fertilizer was used as base fertilizer and 30% as heading fertilizer. The fertilizer was applied evenly and consistently.

[0036] In this embodiment, the chlorophyll content of rice in the field was measured during the late vegetative growth stage (approximately 60 days after sowing). At maturity, 15 representative rice plants were selected from each plot to investigate plant height and the number of effective panicles. One representative panicle from each plant was selected for seed evaluation. The evaluation indicators included panicle length, number of panicle branches, total number of grains per panicle, and seed setting rate. The grain evaluation indicators included grain length, grain width, and thousand-grain weight. The yield per plant and yield per hectare were calculated based on the yield components.

[0037] The effect of pecan wood fumigation treatment on seed soaking is as follows: Figures 1-6 As shown ( Figure 1A, Figure 2 , Figure 3 AC, Figure 4 AE, Figure 5 AC, Figure 6 AB). Compared with the control group, seed soaking in different concentrations of pecan wood fumigation solution significantly increased the chlorophyll content of rice seedlings during the vegetative growth stage and enhanced photosynthetic capacity. Figure 1 A). Rice is more sensitive to salt and alkali stress during its reproductive growth stage than during its vegetative growth stage, manifested as inhibited panicle differentiation and prolonged heading period. From Figure 2 It can be seen that soaking seeds in different concentrations of pecan wood fumigant significantly promoted earlier heading and grain filling in rice, while shortening the rice growth period by about 6 days compared to the control group. Field surveys and seed evaluations were conducted on the treated rice at maturity. The results showed that rice treated with pecan wood fumigant exhibited higher plant height and more effective panicles than the control group. The 1 / 1000 dilution of pecan wood fumigant showed the most significant effect, with a significant difference compared to the control. Figure 3 AC). The results of the ear-type seed examination show ( Figure 4 (AE), different concentrations of hickory wood fumigation solution treatments significantly improved panicle length, number of panicle branches, number of grains per panicle, and seed setting rate in rice compared to the control group. Grain quality assessment results showed ( Figure 5 (AC) Seed soaking in pecan wood fumigation solution has a certain impact on the length, width, and seed setting rate of rice grains. The 1 / 1000 dilution of pecan wood fumigation solution significantly improved grain length, width, and thousand-grain weight. Single-plant yield analysis showed ( Figure 6 (A) Compared with the control group, seed soaking treatments with different concentrations of pecan wood fumigation significantly increased the yield per rice plant, with the 1 / 1000 dilution of pecan wood fumigation showing the most significant effect on increasing the yield per rice plant. Analysis of yield per unit area showed ( Figure 6 (B) Seed soaking with pecan wood fumigation solution increased rice yield in soda-saline-alkali land by 20%–30%. The 1 / 1000 dilution of pecan wood fumigation solution resulted in the most significant yield increase, approximately 36.68% per hectare compared to the control group; the 1 / 100,000 dilution showed the second most significant increase, at 28.1%. These results indicate that seed soaking with pecan wood fumigation solution significantly alleviates the inhibitory effect of soda-saline-alkali land on the reproductive growth stage of rice, accelerating heading, flowering, and earlier maturity. Furthermore, the fumigation solution treatment enhanced photosynthetic capacity, promoted biomass accumulation, and significantly improved the yield of rice in soda-saline-alkali land by increasing the number of effective panicles per plant, the number of grains per panicle, the seed setting rate, and the thousand-grain weight.

[0038] Example 2

[0039] Methods to increase rice yield in soda-saline-alkali land using pecan wood fumigation liquid:

[0040] This embodiment is the same as steps one, three, and four of embodiment 1, except that:

[0041] Step 2: Place the sterilized seeds into a glass culture bottle containing distilled water and soak them in the dark in a 30℃ constant temperature incubator for 48 hours, changing the distilled water every 24 hours.

[0042] Add a fifth step: when the rice enters the effective tillering stage, spray with a 1,000 to 100,000 times diluted hickory wood fumigation liquid.

[0043] Step five specifically involves spraying a 1000, 10000, or 100000 times diluted hickory wood fumigation solution when the rice enters the effective tillering stage (40-50 days after sowing). The concentration should be calculated at 50 L / mu (approximately 3 * 12.9 = 38.7 m²) for each block of soda-saline-alkali land. 2 The dosage is approximately 3 L. For a 1 / 100000 dilution ratio, add 30 μl of pecan wood fumigant stock solution to 3 L of water; for a 1 / 10000 dilution ratio, add 300 μl of fumigant stock solution to 3 L of water; for a 1 / 1000 dilution ratio, add 3000 μl of fumigant stock solution to 3 L of water.

[0044] In this embodiment, the chlorophyll content of rice in the field was measured one week after spraying with pecan wood fumigation liquid. At maturity, 15 representative rice plants were selected from each plot to investigate plant height and number of effective panicles. One representative panicle from each plant was selected for seed evaluation. The evaluation indicators included panicle length, number of panicle branches, total number of grains per panicle, and seed setting rate. The grain evaluation indicators included grain length, grain width, and thousand-grain weight. The yield per plant and yield per hectare were calculated based on the yield components.

[0045] The effects of spraying hickory wood fumigant during the tillering stage are shown in Figures 1-6. Figure 1 B Figure 2 , Figure 3 DF Figure 4 FJ, Figure 5 DF Figure 6 CD). As can be seen from the figure, spraying rice with different concentrations of pecan wood fumigation solution during the tillering stage can also increase the chlorophyll content of the plants, but the effect is less than that of seed soaking treatment. Figure 1 B), and the spraying treatment during the tillering stage did not have a significant promoting effect on rice heading and grain filling. Figure 2 Field survey results showed that spraying pecan wood fumigant during the tillering stage significantly increased the plant height of rice, while the number of effective panicles also showed a significant increasing trend compared to the control group. Figure 3DF), while there were no significant differences in panicle length, number of panicle branches, total number of grains per panicle, and seed setting rate compared to the control group. Figure 4 FJ). Furthermore, grain quality assessment results showed that treatment with pecan wood fumigant at the tillering stage significantly promoted rice grain development. The grain length, grain width, and thousand-grain weight of different concentrations of pecan wood fumigant sprayed at the tillering stage were significantly higher than the control group, with the 1 / 1000 pecan wood fumigant concentration showing the best performance. Figure 5 DF). Production analysis results show ( Figure 6 (CD) Spraying with pecan wood fumigant during the tillering stage increased rice yield in soda-saline-alkali land by 10%–15%, a lower effect than the seed soaking treatment (20%–30%). These results indicate that spraying pecan wood fumigant during the rice tillering stage mainly improves rice yield by increasing the number of effective panicles and thousand-grain weight, but the effect is not as significant as the seed soaking treatment.

[0046] The control group was the control group in Example 1.

[0047] Example 3

[0048] Methods to increase rice yield in soda-saline-alkali land using pecan wood fumigation liquid:

[0049] This embodiment is the same as steps one through four of Embodiment 2, except that when the rice enters the heading stage (10% of the rice in the treatment area begins to head), the hickory wood fumigant is sprayed at concentrations of 1 / 100,000, 1 / 10,000, and 1 / 1000. During spraying, the concentration is calculated at 50 L / mu, and each block of soda-saline-alkali land is approximately 3 * 12.9 = 38.7 m². 2 The dosage is 2.9 L (approximately 3 L). For a 1 / 100000 dilution ratio, add 30 μl of fumigation liquid stock solution to 3 L of water; for a 1 / 10000 dilution ratio, add 300 μl of stock solution to 3 L of water; for a 1 / 1000 dilution ratio, add 3000 μl of stock solution to 3 L of water.

[0050] One week after spraying, the chlorophyll content of rice in the field was measured. At maturity, 15 representative rice plants were selected from each plot to investigate plant height and number of effective panicles. One representative panicle from each plant was selected for evaluation. Evaluation indicators included panicle length, number of panicle branches, total number of grains per panicle, and seed setting rate. Grain evaluation indicators included grain length, grain width, and thousand-grain weight. Yield per plant and yield per hectare were calculated based on yield components.

[0051] The results showed that spraying hickory wood fumigant at the heading stage significantly promoted the development of panicles and grains during the reproductive growth stage of rice, and to some extent increased the panicle length, number of panicle branches, total number of grains per panicle, and seed setting rate compared with the control group. Figure 4FJ), and the spraying treatment at the beginning of heading stage had the most significant effect on promoting grain development. Treatment with different concentrations of hickory wood fumigation liquid significantly increased the length, width and thousand-grain weight of the grains. Figure 5 DF). Yield analysis results show that spraying pecan wood fumigation solution at the beginning of heading only increases yield by about 5%. Figure 6 (EF) indicates that the later application of hickory wood fumigant mainly increases the overall yield of rice by increasing the thousand-grain weight.

[0052] The control group was the control group in Example 1.

Claims

1. A method for increasing rice yield in soda-saline-alkali land using hickory wood fumigation liquid, characterized in that, This method is performed in the following steps: Step 1: Disinfect rice seeds; Step 2: Soak the seeds in diluted hickory wood fumigation solution; this will increase the yield of rice grown in soda saline-alkali land.

2. The method for increasing rice yield in soda-saline-alkali land using hickory wood fumigation liquid according to claim 1, characterized in that, Step 1: Disinfection of rice seeds: Soak rice seeds in 75% alcohol for 30 seconds to wash away impurities attached to the seeds. Rinse repeatedly with distilled water 3-4 times, then add 1% sodium hypochlorite solution for disinfection for 30-40 minutes. Rinse repeatedly with distilled water 8-10 times. The sodium hypochlorite solution disinfection is carried out in a shaker at 22℃ and 130 rpm / min.

3. The method for increasing rice yield in soda-saline-alkali land using hickory wood fumigation liquid according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step two, the concentration of the hickory wood fumigation liquid is diluted to 1 / 100,000 to 1 / 1000.

4. The method for increasing rice yield in soda-saline-alkali land using hickory wood fumigation liquid according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step two, the concentration of the hickory wood fumigant is diluted to 1 / 1000.

5. The method for increasing rice yield in soda-saline-alkali land using hickory wood fumigation liquid according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step two, the rice seeds are soaked in a dark environment at 30℃ for 48±0.5h, and the diluted hickory wood fumigation liquid is replaced every 24h.

6. The method for increasing rice yield in soda-saline-alkali land using hickory wood fumigation liquid according to claim 1, 3, 4 or 5, characterized in that, The method also includes the following steps: Step 3: Seedling raising and transplanting; Step 4: Field Management; Step 5: Once the rice enters the effective tillering stage, spray with a 1000-100000 times diluted hickory wood fumigation solution.

7. The method for increasing rice yield in soda-saline-alkali land using hickory wood fumigation liquid according to claim 6, characterized in that, The effective tillering period mentioned in step five is 40 to 50 days after sowing.

8. The method for increasing rice yield in soda-saline-alkali land using hickory wood fumigation liquid according to claim 6, characterized in that, In step five, the spraying rate of diluted hickory wood fumigant is 50 L / acre.

9. The method for increasing rice yield in soda-saline-alkali land using hickory wood fumigation liquid according to claim 6, characterized in that, The method also includes the following steps: Step 6: When the rice enters the heading stage, spray with 1000-100000 times diluted hickory wood fumigation liquid at a rate of 50 L / mu.

10. The method for increasing rice yield in soda-saline-alkali land using hickory wood fumigation liquid according to claim 9, characterized in that, In step six, 10% of the rice plants begin to head at the initial heading stage.

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