Intelligent irrigation system and method for ecological protection of slope in plateau area

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of slope ecological slope protection vegetation irrigation, in particular to a plateau region slope ecological slope protection intelligent irrigation system and method, and the method comprises the steps: continuously obtaining soil monitoring parameters and meteorological monitoring parameters of a slope through a monitoring module; dividing the slope into a weak dissimilatory tendency category or a strong dissimilatory tendency category based on the soil dissimilatory tendency characterization value; for the weak dissimilatory tendency category, the control module periodically controls an irrigation nozzle to operate based on a soil water content reference value; for the strong dissimilatory tendency category, the control module periodically judges whether the soil in each analysis area is qualified or not based on the average water seepage rate, and when it is determined that the soil in the analysis area is abnormal, the irrigation flow rate of a single analysis area is adjusted according to a soil dissimilatory tendency characterization value; after single-time irrigation, whether an over-irrigation mode needs to be started or not is judged based on the soil conductivity. The irrigation parameters are specifically determined according to the actual situation of the ecological slope protection, and the irrigation efficiency is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of ecological slope protection vegetation irrigation technology, and in particular to an intelligent irrigation system and method for ecological slope protection in plateau areas. Background Technology

[0002] The ecological environment of my country's plateau regions is extremely fragile. With the advancement of infrastructure construction, numerous engineering projects have inevitably created exposed slopes. If these slopes are not promptly and effectively restored, they will not only cause severe soil erosion and disrupt the regional ecological balance, but also easily trigger geological disasters such as landslides, seriously threatening the safety of infrastructure. Therefore, ecological restoration of engineering slopes in plateau regions is of dual importance for ensuring slope geological safety and restoring the regional ecological environment.

[0003] However, the unique and harsh natural conditions of the plateau region pose significant challenges to the reconstruction and maintenance of slope vegetation. On the one hand, the region is generally characterized by strong solar radiation, high wind speeds, and low relative humidity, resulting in extremely high surface evaporation and rapid soil moisture loss. On the other hand, the arid climate easily triggers surface soil salinization, exacerbating soil salinization. Under the dual pressures of drought and salt stress, slope vegetation is highly susceptible to stunted growth and even large-scale death, making ecological restoration difficult to sustain.

[0004] Chinese patent application publication number CN116530395A discloses an intelligent irrigation structure for ecological slope protection. A controller and solar power generation panels are installed at the top of the slope. Several vertical concrete frames are arranged on the slope surface, and several inclined concrete frames are arranged between the vertical concrete frames. The vertical concrete frames are fixed by several anchor rods. A soil water potential sensor is installed at the center of the grid formed by the vertical and inclined concrete frames. Irrigation nozzles are installed on top of the soil water potential sensors. All irrigation nozzles are connected to a water storage tank at the bottom of the slope through water pipes. It is evident that the above technical solution has the following problem: it does not consider the specific determination of irrigation parameters for the actual conditions of ecological slope protection, thus affecting irrigation efficiency. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To address this issue, the present invention provides an intelligent irrigation system and method for ecological slope protection in plateau regions, which overcomes the problem in existing technologies that fail to consider the specific determination of irrigation parameters for the actual conditions of ecological slope protection, thus affecting irrigation efficiency.

[0006] On the one hand, the present invention provides an intelligent irrigation system for ecological slope protection in plateau areas, comprising: The monitoring module includes several soil parameter monitoring units for acquiring soil monitoring parameters and meteorological parameter monitoring units for acquiring meteorological monitoring parameters. The control module, which is connected to the monitoring module, is used to classify the alienation tendency category for the slope based on the soil alienation tendency characterization value, and to periodically determine whether the soil in each analysis area is qualified based on the seepage rate when the slope is determined to be a strong alienation tendency category, and to adjust the irrigation flow rate of the irrigation nozzle based on the soil alienation tendency characterization value when the soil is determined to be abnormal. The execution module, which is connected to the control module, includes several irrigation nozzles for watering, several water valves for controlling the irrigation nozzles, and several flow meters for obtaining the amount of water for a single watering. The single analysis area includes the coverage area of ​​a single irrigation nozzle. The energy module, which is connected to the monitoring module, the control module and the execution module respectively, includes a solar photovoltaic panel and a battery for power supply.

[0007] Furthermore, the control module is used to classify the alienation tendency category for the slope based on the soil alienation tendency characterization value, including: Under the condition that the soil alienation tendency characterization value is greater than the preset soil alienation value, the slope is determined to be of the strong alienation tendency category, and the soil quality of each analysis area is periodically determined based on the average infiltration rate.

[0008] Furthermore, the control module is used to periodically determine whether the soil in a single analysis area is qualified based on the average infiltration rate, including: The average infiltration rate is obtained by calculating the average infiltration rate of each soil parameter monitoring unit within a single analysis area. Under the condition that the average infiltration rate is less than or equal to the first preset average infiltration rate, or greater than the second preset average infiltration rate, soil anomalies in a single analysis area are determined, and the irrigation flow rate of the irrigation nozzles is corrected based on the soil alienation tendency characterization value.

[0009] Furthermore, the control module is used to adjust the irrigation flow rate of the irrigation sprinkler head based on the soil alienation tendency characterization value, wherein, The reduction in irrigation flow rate from irrigation sprinklers is positively correlated with the soil alienation tendency characterization value.

[0010] Furthermore, the control module is used to periodically determine whether to control the operation of the irrigation nozzles based on a water content reference value after completing the correction for the irrigation flow rate, and to determine whether to perform aeration treatment based on a re-determined infiltration rate after determining to control the operation of the irrigation nozzles, including: If the re-determined infiltration rate is still less than or equal to the first preset average infiltration rate, or greater than the second preset average infiltration rate, then the soil anomaly of the individual analysis area is identified, aeration treatment is carried out, and the aeration duration is determined based on the slope inclination.

[0011] Furthermore, the control module is used to periodically determine whether to control the operation of the irrigation sprinkler head based on a water content reference value, including: Calculate the average soil moisture content within a single analysis area to obtain a moisture content reference value; Under the condition that the reference water content is less than or equal to the preset water content, the operation of the irrigation sprinkler head is controlled, and the spray volume of a single irrigation sprinkler head is determined based on the historical actual evapotranspiration and cumulative rainfall.

[0012] Furthermore, the control module is used to determine, based on the soil conductivity of the slope, whether to control the execution module to initiate an over-irrigation mode for a single analysis area, under the condition that the irrigation nozzle has completed irrigation, including: When the soil conductivity of the slope is greater than or equal to the salinity threshold, the control execution module initiates the over-irrigation mode.

[0013] Furthermore, the control module is used to determine soil alienation tendency characterization values, including: It is used to calculate the maximum temperature difference within a single day, and to calculate the ratio of the average of each maximum temperature difference in historical data to the preset temperature difference, thus obtaining the expansion / contraction factor; It is used to calculate the ratio of the average solar radiation at each time point in historical data to the preset critical radiation, and thus obtain the radiation influence factor. This is used to calculate the ratio of the cumulative duration of historical data where the temperature was lower than the preset anaerobic temperature to the total monitoring duration, thus obtaining the anaerobic factor. By assigning corresponding weight coefficients to the expansion / contraction factor, radiation influence factor, and anaerobic factor, and summing them, the soil alienation tendency characterization value is obtained.

[0014] Furthermore, the control module determines the aeration duration based on the slope gradient, wherein, The increase in aeration time is negatively correlated with the slope gradient.

[0015] On the other hand, the present invention also provides an intelligent irrigation method for ecological slope protection in plateau areas, comprising: S1 continuously acquires soil and meteorological monitoring parameters of the slope through the monitoring module; S2, the control module classifies slopes into weak or strong alienation categories based on soil alienation tendency characterization values; S3, for the category of weak alienation tendency, the control module periodically controls the operation of irrigation sprinklers based on soil moisture reference values; For the strong alienation tendency category, the control module periodically judges whether the soil in each analysis area is qualified based on the average infiltration rate, and adjusts the irrigation flow rate of a single analysis area according to the soil alienation tendency characterization value when the soil in the analysis area is determined to be abnormal. S4: After a single irrigation, the control module determines whether to activate the over-irrigation mode based on the soil conductivity.

[0016] Compared with existing technologies, the beneficial effects of this invention are as follows: the control module classifies slope distortion tendency categories. In plateau regions, slope soils are affected by extreme environments such as low temperature, low oxygen, strong radiation, and large diurnal temperature variations. These factors can lead to soil distortion and affect slope protection effectiveness. By calculating and comprehensively analyzing expansion / contraction factors, radiation influence factors, and anaerobic factors, a soil distortion tendency characterization value is obtained to quantify the degree to which the soil is affected by these factors. Large diurnal temperature variations in plateau regions cause repeated expansion and contraction of soil and rock, forming numerous fine, deep fissures. Irrigation water can rapidly seep into the bottom of the slope along these fissures, causing water shortage in the surface vegetation. The maximum daily temperature difference is calculated, and the ratio of the average of each maximum temperature difference in historical data to a preset temperature difference is calculated to reflect the degree of influence of diurnal temperature variations on the soil. The larger the expansion / contraction factor, the greater the destructive effect of diurnal temperature variations on the soil. Strong radiation makes the soil more susceptible to distortion. The ratio of the average solar radiation at each time point in historical data to a preset critical radiation is calculated to measure the impact of solar radiation on the soil. The larger the radiation influence factor, the greater the negative impact of radiation on the soil. Slope irrigation can lead to localized soil anaerobic conditions, providing conditions for the rapid reproduction of psychrophilic anaerobic bacteria. The N2O gas produced during denitrification can cause soil particle dispersion, reducing soil water-holding capacity. The ratio of the cumulative duration of temperatures below the preset anaerobic temperature to the total monitoring duration in historical data is calculated to reflect the impact of soil anaerobic conditions on the soil; the higher the anaerobic factor, the more severe the anaerobic condition. Based on soil anaerobic tendency characterization values, slopes are classified into weak and strong anaerobic tendency categories to adopt different irrigation control strategies. Accurately assessing the degree of soil anaerobicness on slopes in plateau areas provides a scientific basis for subsequent irrigation control. Different irrigation strategies are used for slopes with different anaerobic tendency categories to improve the targeting and effectiveness of irrigation, effectively increasing irrigation efficiency.

[0017] Furthermore, the soil quality of a single analysis area is periodically determined based on the average infiltration rate, which reflects the soil structure and water-holding capacity. The infiltration rate is calculated by obtaining soil moisture content at various depths during irrigation from individual soil parameter monitoring units, and then averaging the infiltration rates obtained from each soil parameter monitoring unit within the single analysis area. When the average infiltration rate is less than or equal to a first preset average infiltration rate, it is determined that the excessive proliferation of denitrifying bacteria leads to soil particle dispersion, reducing the soil's water-holding capacity and decreasing the water infiltration rate. When the average infiltration rate is greater than a second preset average infiltration rate, it is determined that water is rapidly lost due to seepage through soil fissures. Timely detection of soil anomalies allows for appropriate measures to be taken to ensure the normal soil structure and water-holding capacity, thereby improving irrigation efficiency.

[0018] Furthermore, the irrigation flow rate of the irrigation sprinklers was adjusted based on the soil alienation tendency characterization value. A higher soil alienation tendency characterization value indicates a more severe impact of extreme environmental conditions on the soil, resulting in poorer soil structure and water retention capacity. Continuing to irrigate at the original flow rate would lead to rapid water leakage or exacerbate localized anaerobic conditions. Therefore, the reduction in irrigation flow rate from the irrigation sprinklers is positively correlated with the soil alienation tendency characterization value; that is, the higher the degree of soil alienation, the greater the reduction in irrigation flow rate, thus minimizing adverse effects on the soil and improving irrigation efficiency.

[0019] Furthermore, after correcting the irrigation flow rate, the system periodically determines whether to control the operation of irrigation sprinklers and whether to perform aeration based on the water content reference value. Even after correcting the irrigation flow rate, it is still necessary to determine whether to continue irrigation based on the actual soil moisture content. The average soil moisture content within a single analysis area is calculated to obtain the water content reference value. When the water content reference value is less than or equal to the preset water content, it indicates soil water shortage, requiring control of the irrigation sprinkler operation. Simultaneously, determining the spray volume of a single irrigation sprinkler based on historical actual evapotranspiration and cumulative rainfall can more accurately meet the soil's water requirements. If the recalculated infiltration rate is still less than or equal to the first preset average infiltration rate or greater than the second preset average infiltration rate, it indicates that soil abnormalities still exist. Aeration is then performed to increase the oxygen content in the soil, inhibit the growth of denitrifying bacteria, improve soil structure, and enhance the soil's water-holding capacity. This ensures that the soil moisture content is within a suitable range to meet the needs of vegetation growth. Simultaneously, timely detection and treatment of soil abnormalities, along with improving soil structure through aeration, enhances the quality and stability of the slope protection soil, thereby improving irrigation efficiency. Attached Figure Description

[0020] Figure 1 This is a block diagram of the intelligent irrigation system for ecological slope protection in plateau areas, as described in an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 2 This is a flowchart illustrating the steps of the intelligent irrigation method for ecological slope protection in plateau areas according to an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 3 This is a logical decision diagram for the control module of this invention to classify the alienation tendency categories of slopes based on soil alienation tendency characterization values. Figure 4 This is a logic diagram showing how the control module of this invention determines whether the soil in a single analysis area is qualified based on the average infiltration rate. Detailed Implementation

[0021] To make the objectives and advantages of the present invention clearer, the present invention will be further described below with reference to embodiments; it should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely for explaining the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention.

[0022] Preferred embodiments of the present invention will now be described with reference to the accompanying drawings. Those skilled in the art should understand that these embodiments are merely illustrative of the technical principles of the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0023] It should be noted that in the description of this invention, the terms "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "inner", "outer", etc., which indicate directions or positional relationships, are based on the directions or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings. This is only for the convenience of description and is not intended to indicate or imply that the device or element must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, it should not be construed as a limitation of this invention.

[0024] Furthermore, it should be noted that, in the description of this invention, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," and "linking" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; and they can refer to the internal connection of two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention according to the specific circumstances.

[0025] Please see Figure 1 The diagram shown is a block diagram of an intelligent irrigation system for ecological slope protection in plateau areas according to an embodiment of the present invention. The intelligent irrigation system for ecological slope protection in plateau areas according to an embodiment of the present invention includes: The monitoring module includes several soil parameter monitoring units for acquiring soil monitoring parameters and meteorological parameter monitoring units for acquiring meteorological monitoring parameters. The control module, which is connected to the monitoring module, is used to classify the alienation tendency category for the slope based on the soil alienation tendency characterization value, and to periodically determine whether the soil in each analysis area is qualified based on the seepage rate when the slope is determined to be a strong alienation tendency category, and to adjust the irrigation flow rate of the irrigation nozzle based on the soil alienation tendency characterization value when the soil is determined to be abnormal. The execution module, which is connected to the control module, includes several irrigation nozzles for watering, several water valves for controlling the irrigation nozzles, and several flow meters for obtaining the amount of water for a single watering. The single analysis area includes the coverage area of ​​a single irrigation nozzle. The energy module, which is connected to the monitoring module, the control module and the execution module respectively, includes a solar photovoltaic panel and a battery for power supply.

[0026] Please see Figure 2 The diagram shown is a flowchart illustrating the steps of the intelligent irrigation method for ecological slope protection in plateau areas according to an embodiment of the present invention. The intelligent irrigation method for ecological slope protection in plateau areas according to an embodiment of the present invention includes: S1 continuously acquires soil and meteorological monitoring parameters of the slope through the monitoring module; S2, the control module classifies the slope into weak or strong alienation tendency categories based on the soil alienation tendency characterization value; for the strong alienation tendency category, the control module periodically judges whether the soil in each analysis area is qualified based on the average infiltration rate, and adjusts the irrigation flow rate of a single analysis area according to the soil alienation tendency characterization value when the soil in the analysis area is determined to be abnormal. S3, the control module periodically controls the operation of irrigation sprinklers based on soil moisture reference values; S4: After a single irrigation, the control module determines whether to activate the over-irrigation mode based on the soil conductivity.

[0027] Specifically, the soil parameter monitoring unit includes several longitudinally embedded soil moisture content sensors for monitoring soil moisture content per unit volume on the slope and soil conductivity sensors for monitoring soil conductivity on the slope. The soil monitoring parameters include soil moisture content per unit volume on the slope and soil conductivity on the slope, with the soil conductivity reflecting soil salinity. The meteorological parameter monitoring unit includes a radiation sensor for acquiring solar radiation, an air temperature and humidity sensor for acquiring air temperature and relative humidity, a wind speed sensor for acquiring wind speed, and a rainfall sensor for acquiring rainfall. The meteorological monitoring parameters include solar radiation, air temperature, relative humidity, wind speed, and rainfall.

[0028] Specifically, the meteorological parameter monitoring unit is integrated into a small weather station to facilitate the installation of its components and the supply of energy.

[0029] Specifically, each irrigation nozzle is equipped with a water valve, and a flow meter is placed at the outlet of the water valve to monitor the amount of water used for a single irrigation and feed the data back to the control module.

[0030] Please see Figure 3 The diagram shown illustrates the logic decision of the control module in this invention, which classifies slopes into different categories based on soil alienation tendency characterization values. The control module of this invention is used to classify slopes into different categories based on soil alienation tendency characterization values, including: It is used to calculate the maximum temperature difference within a single day, and to calculate the ratio of the average of each maximum temperature difference in historical data to the preset temperature difference, thus obtaining the expansion / contraction factor; It is used to calculate the ratio of the average solar radiation at each time point in historical data to the preset critical radiation, and thus obtain the radiation influence factor. This is used to calculate the ratio of the cumulative duration of historical data where the temperature was lower than the preset anaerobic temperature to the total monitoring duration, thus obtaining the anaerobic factor. By assigning corresponding weight coefficients to the expansion / contraction factor, radiation influence factor, and anaerobic factor respectively and summing them, the soil alienation tendency characterization value is obtained. If the soil alienation tendency characterization value is less than or equal to the preset soil alienation value, the slope is determined to be of the weak alienation tendency category, and the operation of irrigation sprinklers is periodically determined based on the water content reference value. If the soil alienation tendency characterization value is greater than the preset soil alienation value, the slope is determined to be of the strong alienation tendency category, and the soil quality of each analysis area is periodically determined based on the average infiltration rate.

[0031] Specifically, the execution cycle for the control module to determine whether the soil in each analysis area is qualified is much longer than the execution cycle for determining whether to control the operation of irrigation sprinklers based on moisture content reference values. In this embodiment, preferably, the former can be executed once every 30 days, while the latter can be executed once a day. This setting is because soil structure transformation is a relatively slow process, while soil moisture content changes are more frequently affected by weather.

[0032] Specifically, the weighting coefficient for the expansion and contraction factor is 0.5, while the weighting coefficients for the radiation impact factor and the anaerobic factor are both 0.25. In the plateau slope environment, the repeated expansion and contraction of the soil and rock caused by diurnal temperature differences is the most direct and primary driving force for the formation of deep, penetrating fissures, leading to ineffective deep seepage of irrigation water. This poses an immediate threat to the water supply effectiveness of slope protection vegetation, hence the expansion and contraction factor is given the highest weight. Strong radiation affects the temperature, humidity, and evaporation of the surface soil, while anaerobic conditions affect microbial activity and soil structure. Both have a more long-term and cumulative impact on soil alienation, therefore they are given lower and equal weights.

[0033] Specifically, the preset temperature difference is 20°C, and the specific value of the preset temperature difference reflects the threshold of the significant impact of the local daily average temperature difference on fracture development.

[0034] The preset critical radiation is 800 W / m², which reflects the significant intensity threshold of strong local radiation on surface soil moisture evaporation.

[0035] Specifically, the preset soil distortion value is selected within the range of [0.95, 1.2]. It can be understood that the classification can be based on whether climatic conditions induce soil structural distortion. In this embodiment, preferably, the preset soil distortion value is 0.95.

[0036] Those skilled in the art can determine the preset values ​​in this scheme based on the actual application scenario. The preset values ​​in this scheme can be calibrated by analyzing historical meteorological monitoring data of the project site over the past three years, combined with laboratory analysis of slope soil samples. The laboratory analysis includes the determination of the coefficient of thermal expansion and contraction, and experiments on the relationship between microbial activity and radiation.

[0037] Specifically, the extreme environment of plateau slopes, characterized by low temperatures, low oxygen, and strong radiation, fosters unique microbial communities. These communities are dominated by psychrophilic anaerobic bacteria, accounting for over 60%, with denitrifying bacteria being the predominant species. These microorganisms maintain metabolic activity even in environments with oxygen concentrations below 5%, while slope irrigation often leads to localized soil anaerobic conditions, providing ideal conditions for their rapid proliferation. The N2O gas produced during denitrification accumulates in soil pores, causing soil particle dispersion and reducing water-holding capacity. Water infiltration rates also decrease. Furthermore, the large diurnal temperature range on plateaus causes repeated expansion and contraction of the soil and rock, forming numerous fine, deep fissures. Irrigation water rapidly seeps along these fissures to the bottom of the slope, causing water shortages in surface vegetation. Low temperatures, strong radiation, and diurnal temperature variations all contribute to soil anomalies, leading to abnormal water retention in slope protection soils.

[0038] Specifically, the control module categorizes slope alienation tendencies. In plateau regions, slope soils are affected by extreme environments such as low temperatures, low oxygen levels, strong radiation, and large diurnal temperature variations. These factors lead to soil alienation, impacting slope protection effectiveness. By calculating and integrating expansion / contraction factors, radiation impact factors, and anaerobic factors, a soil alienation tendency characterization value is obtained to quantify the degree to which these factors affect the soil. Large diurnal temperature variations in plateau regions cause repeated expansion and contraction of soil and rock, forming numerous fine, deep fissures. Irrigation water rapidly seeps along these fissures to the bottom of the slope, causing water shortages for surface vegetation. The maximum daily temperature difference is calculated, and the ratio of the average of each maximum temperature difference in historical data to a preset temperature difference is calculated to reflect the degree of influence of diurnal temperature variations on the soil. A larger expansion / contraction factor indicates a greater destructive effect of diurnal temperature variations on the soil. Strong radiation makes the soil more susceptible to aberrations. The ratio of the average solar radiation at each time point in historical data to a preset critical radiation is calculated to measure the impact of solar radiation on the soil. A larger radiation impact factor indicates a greater negative impact of radiation on the soil. Slope irrigation can lead to localized soil anaerobic conditions, providing conditions for the rapid reproduction of psychrophilic anaerobic bacteria. The N2O gas produced during denitrification can cause soil particle dispersion, reducing soil water-holding capacity. The ratio of the cumulative duration of temperatures below the preset anaerobic temperature to the total monitoring duration in historical data is calculated to reflect the impact of soil anaerobic conditions on the soil; the higher the anaerobic factor, the more severe the anaerobic condition. Based on soil anaerobic tendency characterization values, slopes are classified into weak and strong anaerobic tendency categories to adopt different irrigation control strategies. Accurately assessing the degree of soil anaerobicness on slopes in plateau areas provides a scientific basis for subsequent irrigation control. Different irrigation strategies are used for slopes with different anaerobic tendency categories to improve the targeting and effectiveness of irrigation, effectively increasing irrigation efficiency.

[0039] Please see Figure 4The diagram shown illustrates the logic of the control module in this invention, which determines whether the soil in a single analysis area is qualified based on the average infiltration rate. The control module of this invention is used to periodically determine whether the soil in a single analysis area is qualified based on the average infiltration rate, including: The infiltration rate is calculated by acquiring the soil moisture content at each depth during the irrigation process using a single soil parameter monitoring unit. The average infiltration rate is obtained by calculating the average infiltration rate of each soil parameter monitoring unit within a single analysis area. If the average infiltration rate is less than or equal to the first preset average infiltration rate, or greater than the second preset average infiltration rate, the soil anomaly of a single analysis area is determined, and the irrigation flow rate of the irrigation nozzle is corrected based on the soil alienation tendency characterization value. If the average infiltration rate is less than or equal to the second preset average infiltration rate and greater than the first preset average infiltration rate, the soil in a single analysis area is determined to be qualified, and the operation of irrigation sprinklers is periodically determined based on the water content reference value.

[0040] Specifically, the first preset average infiltration rate is set to 0.5 * V_normal, and the method for obtaining 2.0 * V_normal is as follows: Multiple standard irrigation experiments are conducted under good soil conditions. The rate of water transfer between sensors at different depths is recorded at the initial irrigation flow rate, and the statistical average V_normal is calculated.

[0041] Specifically, the soil quality of a single analysis area is periodically determined based on the average infiltration rate, which reflects the soil's structure and water-holding capacity. The infiltration rate is calculated by acquiring soil moisture content at various depths during irrigation using individual soil parameter monitoring units, and then averaging the infiltration rates acquired by each monitoring unit within the single analysis area. When the average infiltration rate is less than or equal to a first preset average infiltration rate, it is determined that the excessive proliferation of denitrifying bacteria leads to soil particle dispersion, reducing the soil's water-holding capacity and decreasing the water infiltration rate. When the average infiltration rate is greater than a second preset average infiltration rate, it is determined that water is rapidly lost due to seepage through soil fissures. Timely detection of soil anomalies allows for appropriate measures to be taken to ensure the normal soil structure and water-holding capacity, thereby improving irrigation efficiency.

[0042] Specifically, methods for determining the infiltration rate may include: during a single irrigation, recording the time when the soil moisture sensor readings at different depths at the same vertical monitoring point reach 90% field capacity; calculating the time difference Δt required for water to transfer from the shallowest depth d1 to the deepest depth d2; and calculating the average infiltration rate v = (d2 - d1) / Δt.

[0043] Specifically, the control module is used to adjust the irrigation flow rate of the irrigation nozzles based on soil anaerobic tendency characterization values, wherein, The reduction in irrigation flow rate from irrigation sprinklers is positively correlated with the soil alienation tendency characterization value.

[0044] In this embodiment, optionally, Compare the soil alienation tendency characterization value with the first preset alienation comparison value and the second preset alienation comparison value; If the soil alienation tendency characterization value is less than or equal to the first preset alienation comparison value, the irrigation flow rate of the irrigation nozzles in a single analysis area will be adjusted to 0.9 times the initial flow rate. If the soil alienation tendency characterization value is less than or equal to the second preset alienation comparison value and greater than the first preset alienation comparison value, then the irrigation flow rate of the irrigation nozzles in a single analysis area will be adjusted to 0.8 times the initial flow rate. If the soil alienation tendency characterization value is greater than the second preset alienation comparison value, the irrigation flow rate of the irrigation nozzles in a single analysis area will be adjusted to 0.7 times the initial flow rate. The first preset alienation comparison value is 1.3, and the second preset alienation comparison value is 1.5.

[0045] Specifically, the operation procedure of the irrigation nozzle is as follows: run at the initial irrigation flow rate for a preset analysis time to determine the average seepage rate, and then complete the irrigation of the remaining spray volume at the corrected irrigation flow rate.

[0046] Specifically, the irrigation flow rate of irrigation sprinklers is adjusted based on the soil alienation tendency characterization value. A higher soil alienation tendency characterization value indicates a more severe impact of extreme environmental conditions on the soil, resulting in poorer soil structure and water retention capacity. Continuing to irrigate at the original flow rate would lead to rapid water leakage or exacerbate localized anaerobic conditions. Therefore, the reduction in irrigation flow rate is positively correlated with the soil alienation tendency characterization value; that is, the higher the degree of soil alienation, the greater the reduction in irrigation flow rate, thus minimizing adverse effects on the soil and improving irrigation efficiency.

[0047] Specifically, the control module is used to periodically determine whether to control the operation of the irrigation nozzles based on a water content reference value after completing the correction for the irrigation flow rate, and to determine whether to perform aeration treatment based on a redefined infiltration rate after determining to control the operation of the irrigation nozzles, including: If the redefined infiltration rate is still less than or equal to the first preset average infiltration rate, or greater than the second preset average infiltration rate, then the soil in a single analysis area is identified as abnormal and aeration treatment is performed.

[0048] Specifically, after correcting the irrigation flow rate, the system periodically determines whether to control the operation of irrigation sprinklers and whether to implement aeration based on a moisture content reference value. Even after correcting the irrigation flow rate, the actual soil moisture content is still used to determine whether irrigation needs to continue. The average soil moisture content within a single analysis area is calculated to obtain a moisture content reference value. When the moisture content reference value is less than or equal to a preset moisture content, it indicates soil water shortage, requiring control of the irrigation sprinkler operation. Simultaneously, determining the spray volume of a single irrigation sprinkler based on historical actual evapotranspiration and cumulative rainfall allows for more precise fulfillment of soil moisture requirements. If the recalculated infiltration rate is still less than or equal to the first preset average infiltration rate or greater than the second preset average infiltration rate, it indicates that soil anomalies persist. Aeration is then implemented to increase soil oxygen content, inhibit the growth of denitrifying bacteria, improve soil structure, and enhance soil water retention capacity. This ensures that soil moisture content remains within a suitable range to meet the needs of vegetation growth. Furthermore, timely detection and treatment of soil anomalies, along with improved soil structure through aeration, enhances the quality and stability of the slope protection soil, thereby improving irrigation efficiency.

[0049] Specifically, the control module is used to periodically determine whether to control the operation of the irrigation sprinkler head based on a water content reference value, including: Calculate the average soil moisture content within a single analysis area to obtain a moisture content reference value; Under the condition that the reference water content is less than or equal to the preset water content, the operation of the irrigation sprinkler head is controlled, and the spray volume of a single irrigation sprinkler head is determined based on the historical actual evapotranspiration and cumulative rainfall.

[0050] Specifically, the decision to control irrigation sprinkler operation is periodically based on a soil moisture reference value, as soil moisture content is a key factor affecting vegetation growth. The average soil moisture content within a single analysis area is calculated to obtain the soil moisture reference value. When the reference value is less than or equal to a preset moisture content, it indicates soil water shortage, requiring control of irrigation sprinkler operation. The spray volume of each individual sprinkler is determined based on historical evapotranspiration and cumulative rainfall, comprehensively considering the impact of natural factors on soil moisture to more accurately determine the irrigation amount. Precision irrigation based on actual soil moisture conditions avoids over- or under-irrigation, improves water resource utilization efficiency, ensures healthy vegetation growth, and ultimately enhances irrigation efficiency.

[0051] Specifically, the control module is used to determine whether to control the execution module to activate the over-irrigation mode for a single analysis area based on the soil conductivity of the slope, after the irrigation nozzles have completed irrigation. This includes: If the electrical conductivity of the slope soil is greater than or equal to the salinity threshold, the control execution module will activate the over-irrigation mode.

[0052] Specifically, the decision to activate the super-irrigation mode is based on the soil conductivity of the slope. In high-altitude areas, soil salinity gradually accumulates due to unique climate and geological conditions. When the soil conductivity of the slope is greater than or equal to the salinity tolerance threshold, it means that the salt content in the soil is too high, exceeding the tolerance range of the vegetation. The super-irrigation mode is a method of flushing salt from the soil with large amounts of irrigation water. Activating the super-irrigation mode utilizes water flow to dissolve and drain the salt in the soil, thereby reducing the soil salinity, improving the soil environment, and ensuring normal vegetation growth. Timely detection of excessive soil salinity and effective reduction of soil salinity through the super-irrigation mode create a suitable growth environment for vegetation, improving the survival rate of vegetation on ecological slope protection. This, in turn, improves irrigation efficiency.

[0053] Specifically, the control module and energy module are integrated into a central control box, which is installed together with a small weather station at the top of the slope. The central control box is connected to the monitoring module and the execution module via wires.

[0054] Individual soil parameter monitoring units are positioned at the center of the slope grid beams, while irrigation sprinklers are positioned at the nodes of the grid beams. The radius R of each irrigation sprinkler is set to be equal to the side length L of the grid beam, and each sprinkler can cover four soil parameter monitoring units. Each irrigation sprinkler is equipped with a water valve. The control of each water valve is based on the average value reported by the four soil parameter monitoring units within the range of that sprinkler.

[0055] Specifically, each irrigation sprinkler corresponds to four soil parameter monitoring units, which are used to control each irrigation sprinkler based on the average values ​​fed back by each soil monitoring unit. This enables independent monitoring of soil moisture within the range of each irrigation sprinkler and local control of irrigation behavior, thus avoiding interference from extreme individual outliers in soil moisture monitoring.

[0056] The control module is used to determine the actual crop evapotranspiration, including: The actual crop evapotranspiration is obtained by multiplying the reference crop evapotranspiration by the crop coefficient. Specifically, the reference crop evapotranspiration ET0 is calculated using the Penman-Monteith formula recommended by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO). Required inputs include air temperature, relative humidity, solar radiation, and wind speed data from meteorological monitoring units. The crop coefficient Kc is determined based on the specific type of slope protection vegetation planted on the slope and its growth stage, referring to standard values ​​in FAO or local agricultural guidance documents. Actual crop evapotranspiration ETc = ET0 × Kc.

[0057] The control module is used to control the operation of irrigation sprinklers when the average soil moisture content per unit volume of each slope in a single analysis area is less than or equal to the preset moisture content, and to determine the spray volume of a single irrigation sprinkler based on the historical actual evapotranspiration and cumulative rainfall. The control module determines the preset moisture content VWC0 using the following formula: FC is field water holding capacity, PWP is permanent wilting point water holding capacity, and MAD is allowable depletion degree.

[0058] Specifically, the field capacity (FC), permanent wilting point capacity (PWP), and allowable depletion (MAD) are all predetermined values. FC and PWP can be obtained through laboratory measurements of representative soil samples from the project site slope using a pressure membrane analyzer. MAD can be determined based on the drought tolerance of the slope protection vegetation; specific details can be found in horticultural or ecological restoration guidelines.

[0059] The control module is used to determine the spray rate of a single irrigation nozzle based on historical actual evapotranspiration and cumulative rainfall using the following formula: D = ∑ETc - ∑P; Where D is the spray volume, ∑ETc is the actual evapotranspiration from the last time the water valve of a single irrigation head was opened to the current time, and ∑P is the cumulative rainfall from the last time the water valve of a single irrigation head was opened to the current time.

[0060] Specifically, the control module internally includes a storage unit and a clock unit. Since the last time a single irrigation nozzle valve was closed, the control module continuously receives meteorological data and calculates ETC daily, while simultaneously recording rainfall sensor data, accumulating and storing these values. When it is necessary to determine whether irrigation is needed, the accumulated values ​​∑ETc and ∑P are directly used for calculation.

[0061] Specifically, under the condition of irrigation spraying operation, the control module is used to control the water valve to close when the average soil moisture content per unit volume of each slope in a single analysis area is greater than or equal to the field water holding capacity.

[0062] Specifically, the control module is used to determine whether to control the execution module to activate the over-irrigation mode for a single analysis area based on the soil conductivity of the slope, after the irrigation nozzles have completed irrigation. This includes: If the electrical conductivity of the slope soil is greater than or equal to the salinity threshold, the control execution module will start the over-irrigation mode. This includes controlling the irrigation nozzles to perform pulse irrigation at preset time intervals when the execution module determines again in the control module that the average soil moisture content per unit volume of each slope within a single analysis area is less than or equal to the preset moisture content, and continuously irrigating until the average soil moisture content per unit volume of each slope reaches the field water holding capacity; and locking the valve within the preset discharge time to ensure that the water is completely discharged.

[0063] The salt tolerance threshold is selected within the range [2, 4], with units of dS / m. Those skilled in the art can select and determine this threshold themselves, based on experimental data on the salt tolerance of the selected slope protection vegetation species. Alternatively, it can be determined by consulting agronomic literature to obtain the critical soil electrical conductivity value that limits the growth of the corresponding plant. In this embodiment, the preferred salt tolerance threshold is 4.

[0064] Specifically, the preset discharge time is 48 hours.

[0065] Specifically, the control module is used to control the operation of the aeration subunit when it is determined that aeration treatment is required, including: The air pump is controlled to inject air into the deep soil of the analysis area identified as having soil anomalies through gas distribution pipelines and aeration components. The aeration time is continuously preset to increase the oxygen concentration in the soil pores and inhibit the excessive reproduction of anaerobic microorganisms. The increase in the preset aeration time is negatively correlated with the slope gradient.

[0066] In this embodiment, optionally, The slope gradient is compared with the first preset slope and the second preset slope. If the slope gradient is less than or equal to the first preset gradient, the preset aeration time will be adjusted to 1.3 times the initial preset aeration time. If the slope is less than or equal to the second preset slope and greater than the first preset slope, the preset aeration time will be adjusted to 1.2 times the initial preset aeration time. If the slope gradient is greater than the second preset gradient, the preset aeration time will be adjusted to 1.1 times the initial preset aeration time. The first preset slope is 25°, and the second preset slope is 40°.

[0067] The execution module also includes an aeration subunit, which includes an air pump, a gas distribution pipeline, and a permeable component pre-embedded in the slope soil.

[0068] The monitoring module also includes an inclination sensor for measuring the slope angle, and the control module obtains the slope gradient based on the data from the inclination sensor.

[0069] The steeper the slope, the worse the soil stability. Prolonged, high-volume aeration will increase soil gas pressure, disturb soil particles, and increase the risk of shallow landslides. Therefore, on steep slopes, the aeration time should be shortened and gentler improvement methods should be adopted.

[0070] Specifically, regardless of whether the soil infiltration rate in each analysis area is within acceptable limits, infiltration rate testing is performed. If the infiltration rate of a single analysis area is within acceptable limits twice consecutively, and no irrigation flow rate correction or aeration treatment is triggered during this period, the control module can recalculate the soil alienation tendency characterization value for that area. If the recalculated soil alienation tendency characterization value for that area is lower than the preset soil alienation value, it can be downgraded to a weak alienation tendency category for management.

[0071] Specifically, before activating the over-irrigation mode, the control module needs to perform a safety check: check if there are any heavy rainfall warnings in the weather forecast for the preset verification period (24 hours). If so, the over-irrigation will be delayed.

[0072] The technical solution of the present invention has been described above with reference to the preferred embodiments shown in the accompanying drawings. However, it will be readily understood by those skilled in the art that the scope of protection of the present invention is obviously not limited to these specific embodiments. Without departing from the principles of the present invention, those skilled in the art can make equivalent changes or substitutions to the relevant technical features, and the technical solutions after these changes or substitutions will all fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0073] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the invention. Various modifications and variations can be made to the present invention by those skilled in the art. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A highland region slope ecological slope protection intelligent irrigation system, characterized in that, The application relates to a slope irrigation system, which comprises a monitoring module, a control module and an execution module. The monitoring module comprises soil parameter monitoring units for acquiring soil monitoring parameters and meteorological parameter monitoring units for acquiring meteorological monitoring parameters. The control module is connected with the monitoring module and is used for dividing a soil differentiation tendency category of the slope based on a soil differentiation tendency characteristic value, determining whether the soil of each analysis region is qualified based on a seepage rate periodically when the slope is determined as a strong differentiation tendency category, and correcting an irrigation flow rate of the irrigation sprinkler based on the soil differentiation tendency characteristic value when the soil is determined as abnormal. The execution module is connected with the control module and comprises irrigation sprinklers for irrigation, water valves for controlling the irrigation sprinklers and flow meters for acquiring a single irrigation water volume. The execution module comprises a single analysis region which comprises a covered region of a single irrigation sprinkler.

2. The intelligent irrigation system for ecological slope protection of highland region slope according to claim 1, characterized in that, The energy module is connected with the monitoring module, the control module and the execution module respectively and comprises solar photovoltaic panels and storage batteries for power supply. The control module is used for dividing the soil differentiation tendency category of the slope based on the soil differentiation tendency characteristic value, and comprises the following steps.

3. The intelligent irrigation system for ecological slope protection of highland region slope according to claim 2, characterized in that, When the soil differentiation tendency characteristic value is greater than a preset soil differentiation value, the slope is determined as a strong differentiation tendency category, and whether the soil of each analysis region is qualified is determined based on an average seepage rate periodically. The control module is used for periodically determining whether the soil of each analysis region is qualified based on the average seepage rate, and comprises the following steps. An average seepage rate is calculated based on the seepage rates acquired by the soil parameter monitoring units in the single analysis region.

4. The intelligent irrigation system for ecological slope protection of highland region slope according to claim 3, characterized in that, When the average seepage rate is less than or equal to a first preset average seepage rate or greater than a second preset average seepage rate, the soil of the single analysis region is determined as abnormal, and the irrigation flow rate of the irrigation sprinkler is corrected based on the soil differentiation tendency characteristic value. The control module is used for correcting the irrigation flow rate of the irrigation sprinkler based on the soil differentiation tendency characteristic value, and the reduction range of the irrigation flow rate of the irrigation sprinkler is positively correlated with the soil differentiation tendency characteristic value.

5. The intelligent irrigation system for ecological slope protection of highland region slope according to claim 4, characterized in that, The control module is used for periodically determining whether the irrigation sprinkler is controlled to operate based on a water content reference value when the correction of the irrigation flow rate is completed, and determining whether aeration treatment is performed based on the re-determined seepage rate when the irrigation sprinkler is determined to operate, and comprises the following steps. When the re-determined seepage rate is still less than or equal to the first preset average seepage rate or greater than the second preset average seepage rate, the soil of the single analysis region is determined as abnormal, aeration treatment is performed, and the aeration duration is determined based on the slope gradient.

6. The intelligent irrigation system for ecological slope protection of highland region slope according to claim 5, characterized in that, The control module is used for periodically determining whether the irrigation sprinkler is controlled to operate based on the water content reference value, and comprises the following steps. An average value of the soil moisture content in the single analysis region is calculated to obtain the water content reference value. When the water content reference value is less than or equal to a preset water content, the irrigation sprinkler is controlled to operate, and the spraying amount of the single irrigation sprinkler is determined based on the historical actual evapotranspiration and the cumulative rainfall.

7. The intelligent irrigation system for ecological slope protection of highland region slope according to claim 6, characterized in that, The control module is used for determining whether the execution module is controlled to start an over-irrigation mode for the single analysis region based on the soil bulk conductivity of the slope when the irrigation sprinkler completes irrigation, and comprises the following steps. Under the condition that the soil conductivity of the slope is greater than or equal to the salt tolerance threshold, the control execution module starts the over-irrigation mode.

8. The intelligent irrigation system for ecological slope protection of highland region slope according to claim 7, characterized in that, The control module is used to determine a soil dissimilation tendency representation value, comprising: a rising and shrinking factor is calculated, which is the ratio of the average value of each maximum temperature difference in the historical data to the preset temperature difference; a radiation influence factor is calculated, which is the ratio of the average value of the solar radiation of each time node in the historical data to the preset critical radiation; an anaerobic factor is calculated, which is the ratio of the cumulative length of time when the temperature is lower than the preset anaerobic temperature in the historical data to the total monitoring time; the rising and shrinking factor, the radiation influence factor and the anaerobic factor are respectively given corresponding weight coefficients and summed to obtain the soil dissimilation tendency representation value.

9. The intelligent irrigation system for ecological slope protection of highland region slope according to claim 8, characterized in that, The control module determines the aeration time based on the slope gradient, wherein, the increase range of the aeration time is negatively correlated with the slope gradient.

10. An intelligent irrigation method using the intelligent irrigation system for highland region slope ecological revetment of any one of claims 1-9, characterized in that, comprising: S1, continuously acquiring soil monitoring parameters and meteorological monitoring parameters of the slope through the monitoring module; S2, the control module divides the slope into a weak dissimilation tendency category or a strong dissimilation tendency category based on the soil dissimilation tendency representation value; S3, for the weak dissimilation tendency category, the control module periodically controls the operation of the irrigation sprinkler based on the soil water content reference value; for the strong dissimilation tendency category, the control module periodically determines whether the soil of each analysis region is qualified based on the average infiltration rate, and adjusts the irrigation flow rate of a single analysis region according to the soil dissimilation tendency representation value when it is determined that the soil of the analysis region is abnormal; S4, after a single irrigation, the control module determines whether the over-irrigation mode needs to be started based on the soil conductivity.

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