Wearable tooth socket for self-energized multi-mode biological signal monitoring and neuromuscular electrical stimulation

Abstract

The invention relates to a wearable tooth socket for self-energized multi-mode biological signal monitoring and neuromuscular electrical stimulation, and belongs to the technical field of biomedical engineering. The tooth socket comprises a tooth socket base and a flexible electronic circuit module, and the flexible electronic circuit module is packaged in the tooth socket base; the flexible electronic circuit module comprises a multi-mode sensor, a core processing unit, a power management unit, a wireless communication unit and an electrical stimulation driving unit, the multi-mode sensor is connected with the core processing unit and the power management unit, and the wireless communication unit is connected with the core processing unit and the power management unit. The power management unit is connected with a core processing unit, and the core processing unit is further connected with an electrical stimulation driving unit. The invention provides an automatic treatment scheme which can be worn comfortably for a long time for a bruxism patient, and solves the problem of endurance anxiety caused by frequent charging of traditional equipment.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to a wearable brace for self-powered multimodal biosignal monitoring and neuromuscular electrical stimulation, belonging to the field of biomedical engineering technology. Background Technology

[0002] Bruxism is an oral and maxillofacial disorder characterized by nonfunctional, repetitive mandibular muscle activity. Clinically, it manifests as clenching or grinding of the teeth. This disease has a high prevalence in the population. Its long-term presence can lead to organic lesions such as excessive wear of tooth tissues, periodontal tissue damage, and dentin hypersensitivity. It is also often accompanied by functional disorders such as temporomandibular joint disorder (TMD), headaches, and masticatory muscle pain, and seriously affects the sleep quality of patients and their family members.

[0003] For bruxism, the most widely used intervention currently available is to fabricate an oral splint, or mouthguard. Its mechanism of action is to provide a passive physical barrier to disperse and absorb the abnormal occlusal forces generated during bruxism, thereby protecting the tooth structure. However, this approach is essentially a passive protection rather than an active treatment, and cannot fundamentally reduce or inhibit the abnormal neuromuscular activity that triggers bruxism. Furthermore, as a foreign object in the oral cavity, the size and hardness of an oral splint often lead to significant discomfort, resulting in generally low long-term patient compliance.

[0004] To achieve proactive intervention, biofeedback therapy has emerged. Its technical concept lies in monitoring physiological signals related to bruxism through sensors and providing patients with a mild sensory stimulus when a bruxism event is detected to interrupt the behavior. However, traditional biofeedback devices are usually large wired systems, and their implementation severely limits their clinical application value. Patients need to connect to the device host at the bedside through multiple wires. This "binding" monitoring method not only seriously interferes with the patient's normal activities during sleep, but also easily leads to electrode detachment or wire entanglement, resulting in monitoring failure or safety hazards.

[0005] With the development of microelectronics technology, modern wearable bruxism intervention devices have emerged. Although they have achieved miniaturization and wireless design, they generally fall into an irreconcilable technical dilemma caused by their core design: the energy bottleneck. In order to achieve seamless wearing, the size and weight of the device must be strictly controlled, which directly limits the physical capacity of its built-in battery. The limited power results in a very limited working time, requiring users to charge the device almost every day. For a medical device that needs to work continuously during sleep every night, this high dependence on the user's active charging behavior constitutes a fatal failure point. Treatment interruptions caused by users forgetting to charge are extremely common, seriously undermining the continuity and effectiveness of treatment.

[0006] Therefore, designing a highly integrated, self-powered, intelligently monitored, precisely intervened, comfortable to wear, and with convenient wireless interaction and charging functions for the treatment of bruxism is a technical problem that urgently needs to be solved in this field. Summary of the Invention

[0007] To address the shortcomings of existing technologies, this invention provides a wearable brace with self-powered multimodal biosignal monitoring and neuromuscular electrical stimulation. This offers bruxism patients a long-term, comfortable, and automated treatment solution, resolving battery anxiety caused by frequent charging of traditional devices, overcoming misjudgments and missed diagnoses due to single-signal monitoring, and replacing wired connections to eliminate the inconvenience of data synchronization and charging. Guided by the goal of overcoming the shortcomings of existing treatment solutions, this invention highly integrates multimodal sensing, piezoelectric energy harvesting, wireless communication and charging, and closed-loop electrical stimulation intervention technologies into a single intelligent, self-sufficient, and easily usable long-term bruxism treatment device.

[0008] Meanwhile, in response to the problems of high false alarm rate in existing bruxism monitoring, poor battery life of wearable devices, and limited treatment methods, this invention does not focus on long-term tissue and cell induction, but is committed to establishing a millisecond-level "sensing-discrimination-intervention" closed-loop feedback mechanism. By constructing a unique multimodal sensor array, it solves the problem of misjudgment caused by relying solely on vibration or electromyographic signals, and combines self-powered technology to achieve long-term non-intrusive monitoring.

[0009] The technical solution of the present invention is as follows: A wearable brace for self-powered multimodal biosignal monitoring and neuromuscular electrical stimulation includes a brace base and a flexible electronic circuit module, wherein the flexible electronic circuit module is encapsulated within the brace base. The flexible electronic circuit module includes a multimodal sensor, a core processing unit, a power management unit, a wireless communication unit, and an electrical stimulation driving unit. The multimodal sensor is connected to the core processing unit and the power management unit. The wireless communication unit is connected to the core processing unit and the power management unit. The power management unit is connected to the core processing unit. The core processing unit is also connected to the electrical stimulation driving unit. This module is used to enable self-powered monitoring, intelligent judgment, and closed-loop feedback treatment of bruxism events when the user wears the device at night.

[0010] According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the brace base is a transparent brace made of biocompatible polymer material EVA, which is precisely matched to the user's mandibular arch. The flexible electronic circuit module (FPC) is encapsulated or attached to the lingual side of the brace base, and its layout is optimized according to oral anatomy to ensure wearing comfort and functional effectiveness.

[0011] According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the multimodal sensor includes at least two (PVDF) piezoelectric thin film sensors. The piezoelectric thin film sensors are provided with two output paths. One path is connected to a core processing unit through an analog front end, which converts the mechanical vibration and pressure generated by the molars into analog voltage signals and sends them to the analog front end for sensing and analysis. The other path is connected to a power management unit through an AC-DC converter, which serves as the first energy source for converting mechanical energy into alternating current energy. After rectification by the AC-DC converter, the energy is sent to the power management unit for energy harvesting.

[0012] According to a further preferred embodiment of the present invention, the piezoelectric thin film sensor is disposed in the molar fissure region on both sides of the brace base.

[0013] According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the multimodal sensor further includes a surface electromyography (sEMG) electrode. The sEMG electrode is connected to an analog front end, and the output of the sEMG electrode is sent to the analog front end as a bioelectrical signal input. The sEMG electrode and the piezoelectric thin film sensor together construct a multidimensional verification. When molar bruxism occurs, muscle potential activity must first occur, i.e., the sEMG electrode is triggered, followed by tooth contact pressure, which triggers the piezoelectric thin film sensor. If there is only vibration without electromyography (such as tapping teeth), or only electromyography without pressure (such as empty chewing), it is not determined to be molar bruxism. This logical association greatly reduces the false judgment rate.

[0014] According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the surface electromyography electrode adopts a sintered Ag / AgCl electrode, whose working principle is based on the bioelectrochemical effect: when the user grinds their teeth, causing the masseter muscle to contract, the muscle fibers depolarize and generate a weak bioelectric field. The Ag / AgCl electrode, as an electrochemical sensor, uses oral saliva as a natural electrolyte to convert the ion flow in biological tissue into an electron flow that can be recognized by the circuit. The captured differential voltage signal is sent to the analog front end in real time for low-noise amplification and digitization, providing core biological data for the algorithm judgment of the subsequent core processing unit. This design maximizes the signal quality at the physical level, making the subsequent algorithm more accurate.

[0015] According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the power management unit is connected to a supercapacitor, which efficiently stores the collected energy in the supercapacitor.

[0016] According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the wireless communication unit includes an NFC chip, an impedance matching circuit, and a spiral NFC coil. The spiral NFC coil is connected to the NFC chip through the impedance matching circuit. The NFC chip is connected to a core processing unit and a power management unit. The wireless communication unit exchanges data with the core processing unit through an I2C bus. At the same time, it captures energy from the radio frequency field of an external NFC reader (such as a smartphone) and outputs DC power through the energy harvesting output pin as a second energy source.

[0017] According to a further preferred embodiment of the present invention, a spiral NFC coil is disposed in the anterior lingual region of the braces base.

[0018] According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the electrical stimulation driving unit includes a stimulation electrode and a driving module (stimulationdeliver). The stimulation electrode is connected to a core processing unit through the driving module, and the driving module is also connected to a power management unit.

[0019] The power management unit (PMIC) uses the E-peas AEM00940 series multi-source energy harvesting power management chip, which has at least two energy input ports to receive energy from the piezoelectric thin film sensor and the NFC chip, respectively.

[0020] The core processing unit (MCU) uses the Ambiq Apollo3 series ultra-low power microcontroller (Ambiq_Apollo3_MCU).

[0021] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows: 1. This invention integrates multimodal sensing, dual-source energy harvesting, intelligent power management, wireless interaction and closed-loop neural modulation into a flexible electronic circuit module, and seamlessly integrates it with a customized dental brace base. This represents a paradigm shift that addresses the core shortcomings of traditional wearable therapeutic devices in terms of energy, monitoring, interaction and compliance.

[0022] 2. The integrated sensing and energy harvesting of this invention fundamentally changes the energy paradigm of devices. In traditional wearable devices, battery life is the most critical bottleneck limiting their long-term effective application. Limited battery capacity and frequent charging operations greatly weaken user compliance. This invention completely subverts this model by precisely arranging piezoelectric thin film sensors. The piezoelectric thin film sensor is not only a highly sensitive mechanical vibration sensor, but also a micro generator. It transforms the grinding pressure and vibration, which is considered a destructive behavior, into constructive energy to maintain the operation of the device. The biting force provides the system with a continuous source of endogenous power through the path of piezoelectric thin film sensor → piezoelectric energy output → AC-DC rectification → power management unit. This makes the device no longer a passive energy-consuming instrument, but a self-sustaining micro-ecosystem that coexists with the user's physiological activities. This design fundamentally solves the "battery life anxiety" of wearable medical devices.

[0023] 3. This invention performs intelligent fusion of multimodal data, enabling accurate judgment of teeth grinding events. Existing monitoring solutions mostly rely on a single signal source, which is very easy to misjudge artifacts generated by actions such as turning over or talking as teeth grinding events, leading to the abuse of intervention and data pollution. This invention constructs a three-dimensional cross-validation system to avoid the vulnerability of a single sensor to interference, which makes it impossible to distinguish between "real" teeth grinding events and high-noise behaviors such as talking and coughing.

[0024] The biological evidence for this lies in the sEMG electromyography signals from surface electromyography electrodes. The signals acquired through these electrodes determine whether the masseter muscle is activated, directly reflecting the neuromuscular excitation state.

[0025] The physical evidence lies in the vibration signal from the piezoelectric thin film sensor. The characteristic high-frequency vibrations generated by the actual contact and friction of the teeth are collected by the piezoelectric thin film sensor, providing physical evidence for the bruxism event.

[0026] The core processing unit, acting as the decision-making hub, performs real-time fusion analysis of the data stream. Only when three conditions are simultaneously met—activation of electromyographic signals, matching of tooth vibration characteristics, and stable head posture—is a bruxism event considered valid. This design elevates the accuracy of monitoring to a new level, achieving a qualitative leap from "guessing" to "confirmation."

[0027] 4. This invention employs multi-source intelligent energy management to build a robust energy backup. Relying solely on a single energy harvesting source may pose a risk of insufficient energy in extreme situations. This invention constructs a dual-insurance energy supply system through a power management unit, an intelligent energy hub. Two energy sources work together to charge the supercapacitor. The choice of supercapacitor over traditional lithium batteries, with its millions of charge-discharge cycles and extremely fast charging rate, perfectly matches the application scenario of micro-energy harvesting and rapid wireless charging. This dual-source collaborative management mode, at the cost of minimal internal space, achieves an absolutely reliable energy system, ensuring long-term stable operation of the device under any circumstances.

[0028] 5. This invention features convenient NFC interaction, completely removing the operational barriers between users and devices. Traditional devices often require cumbersome cable connections and complex Bluetooth pairing for data synchronization and charging, which is the main reason why users abandon long-term use. This invention simplifies user interaction to a single touch.

[0029] In terms of energy interaction, users only need to bring their mobile phones close to the spiral NFC coil to perform contactless wireless charging. The whole process is intuitive, convenient and has no physical interface.

[0030] In terms of data interaction, the same actions can complete the uploading of monitoring data and the downloading of treatment parameters. Even in extreme cases where the device battery is depleted, the passive communication capability of NFC can still ensure data reading. Attached Figure Description

[0031] Figure 1 This is a side-view exploded view of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a side view diagram of the present invention. Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the rear view merging of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a side view schematic diagram of the circuit of the present invention; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the workflow of the present invention; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the biofeedback therapy working according to the present invention; Among them: 100, stimulation electrode; 110, surface electromyography electrode; 120, power management unit; 130, brace base; 111. Piezoelectric thin film sensor; 112. Analog front end; 113. NFC chip; 114. Spiral NFC coil; 121. Drive module; 122. Supercapacitor; 123. Core processing unit. Detailed Implementation

[0032] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the embodiments and accompanying drawings, but is not limited thereto.

[0033] Example 1: like Figures 1-6 As shown, this embodiment provides a wearable brace for self-powered multimodal biosignal monitoring and neuromuscular electrical stimulation, including a brace base 130 and a flexible electronic circuit module, wherein the flexible electronic circuit module is encapsulated within the brace base 130. The flexible electronic circuit module includes a multimodal sensor, a core processing unit 123, a power management unit 120, a wireless communication unit, and an electrical stimulation driving unit. The multimodal sensor is connected to the core processing unit and the power management unit. The wireless communication unit is connected to the core processing unit 123 and the power management unit 120. The power management unit 120 is connected to the core processing unit 123. The core processing unit 123 is also connected to the electrical stimulation driving unit. This module is used to enable self-powered monitoring, intelligent judgment, and closed-loop feedback treatment of bruxism events when the user wears the device at night.

[0034] The braces base 130 is a transparent braces made of biocompatible polymer material EVA, which is precisely matched to the user's mandibular arch. The flexible electronic circuit module (FPC) is encapsulated or attached to the lingual side of the braces base. Its layout is optimized according to oral anatomy to ensure wearing comfort and functional effectiveness.

[0035] The multimodal sensor includes at least two (PVDF) piezoelectric thin film sensors 111. Each piezoelectric thin film sensor 111 has two output paths. One path is connected to the core processing unit 123 through the analog front end 112, which converts the mechanical vibration and pressure generated by the molar into an analog voltage signal and sends it to the analog front end 112 for sensing and analysis. The other path is connected to the power management unit 120 through the AC-DC converter, which serves as the first energy source to convert mechanical energy into AC power. After rectification by the AC-DC converter, the power is sent to the power management unit for energy harvesting.

[0036] The piezoelectric thin film sensor 111 is disposed in the molar fissure area on both sides of the brace base 130.

[0037] The multimodal sensor also includes surface electromyography (sEMG) electrodes. The surface electromyography electrode 110 is connected to an analog front end 112. The output of the surface electromyography electrode 110 is sent to the analog front end 112 as a bioelectric signal input. The surface electromyography electrode 110 and the piezoelectric thin film sensor 111 jointly construct a multidimensional verification. When molars occur, muscle potential activity must first occur, i.e., the surface electromyography electrode 110 is triggered. Then, tooth contact pressure is generated, and the piezoelectric thin film sensor is triggered. If there is only vibration without electromyography (such as tapping teeth), or only electromyography without pressure (such as empty chewing), it is not judged as molars. This logical association greatly reduces the false judgment rate.

[0038] The analog front-end (AFE) utilizes an existing biopotential analog front-end chip. This module is responsible for receiving weak analog signals from multimodal sensors, performing low-noise amplification, filtering, and high-precision analog-to-digital conversion, and transmitting the processed multi-channel digital data to the core processing unit via an SPI bus (including SPI_MISO, SPI_SCLK, and SPI_MOSI signal lines). This module is supplied with a 3.3V analog voltage by the power management unit.

[0039] The surface electromyography electrode 110 uses a sintered Ag / AgCl electrode. Its working principle is based on the bioelectrochemical effect: when the user grinds their teeth, causing the masseter muscle to contract, the muscle fibers depolarize and generate a weak bioelectric field. The Ag / AgCl electrode acts as an electrochemical sensor, using oral saliva as a natural electrolyte to convert the ion flow in biological tissue into an electron flow that can be recognized by the circuit. The captured differential voltage signal is sent to the analog front end in real time for low-noise amplification and digitization, providing core biological data for the algorithm judgment of the subsequent core processing unit. This design maximizes the signal quality at the physical level, making the subsequent algorithm more accurate.

[0040] The power management unit 120 is connected to a supercapacitor, which efficiently stores the collected energy.

[0041] The wireless communication unit includes an NFC chip 113, an impedance matching circuit, and a spiral NFC coil 114. The spiral NFC coil 114 is connected to the NFC chip 113 through the impedance matching circuit. The NFC chip 113 is connected to the core processing unit 123 and the power management unit 120. The wireless communication unit exchanges data with the core processing unit through the I2C bus. At the same time, it captures energy from the radio frequency field of an external NFC reader (such as a smartphone) and outputs DC power through the energy harvesting output pin as a second energy source.

[0042] The specific connection logic is as follows: The spiral NFC coil 114 captures external radio frequency energy and transmits it to the NFC chip through an impedance matching circuit (an LC resonant network composed of tuning capacitors, used to maximize coupling efficiency at a frequency of 13.56MHz). The NFC chip 113 internally converts the radio frequency energy into DC power and outputs it from its energy acquisition pin to the power management unit. The power management unit is responsible for efficiently storing the collected energy in a supercapacitor and providing multiple stable DC operating voltages for the entire system.

[0043] A spiral NFC coil 114 is disposed in the anterior lingual region of the braces base 130.

[0044] The electrical stimulation drive unit includes a stimulation electrode 100 and a drive module (stimulation deliver). The stimulation electrode 100 is connected to the core processing unit via the drive module 121, which is also connected to the power management unit 120. The electrical stimulation drive unit is supplied with an independent 5V voltage (VCC_STIM_5V) by the power management unit 120, responsible for generating precise, controllable, charge-balanced biphasic constant current pulses. The surface electromyography electrode 110 and the stimulation electrode 100 adopt a "physical separation of monitoring and treatment" layout strategy, which can be divided into a monitoring end and a treatment end. The surface electromyography electrode 110 is connected to the analog front end (AFE) for high-precision acquisition of sEMG signals and performs the monitoring function; while the independent stimulation electrode 100 is connected to the drive module, thus playing a role in the treatment of bruxism. This separate design allows the core processing unit to release a weak pulse to the masseter muscle area through the stimulation electrode 100 when it determines that bruxism has occurred, thereby avoiding polarization or damage to the sensitive surface electromyography electrode caused by high-voltage stimulation pulses. At the same time, it eliminates the need for complex switching circuits, significantly improving the reliability of the system.

[0045] The power management unit (PMIC) uses the E-peas AEM00940 series multi-source energy harvesting power management chip, which has at least two energy input ports to receive energy from the piezoelectric thin film sensor and the NFC chip, respectively.

[0046] The core processing unit (MCU) uses the Ambiq Apollo3 series ultra-low power microcontroller (Ambiq_Apollo3_MCU) as the control core of the system. It receives data from the analog front-end 112 via the SPI bus and interacts with the power management unit 120 and NFC chip 113 via the I2C bus to realize parameter configuration and data upload. In addition, the MCU controls the start and stop of the drive module through the general purpose input / output port (GPIO). The MCU has a built-in triaxial accelerometer (ACC) for fusing and judging teeth grinding events and eliminating motion artifacts. This module is provided with a core voltage of 1.8V by the power management unit 120 (VCC_MCU_1.8V) to achieve extremely low power consumption operation.

[0047] The flexible electronic circuit module is precisely placed into the reserved position of the brace base and encapsulated by a layer of medical-grade, waterproof, biocompatible silicone or epoxy resin. This encapsulation process ensures the device's waterproof and corrosion-resistant performance and achieves biological isolation between the circuit and oral soft tissue. In the final product, all components, including the sensing surface of the electrodes, are completely flush with the inner wall of the brace, forming a smooth, continuous surface without protrusions or gaps.

[0048] Working Principle: In clinical applications or daily use, the device is first activated and its parameters configured via the NFC function of a smartphone. Before sleeping at night, the user wears the customized brace on their lower jaw, and the device automatically enters an ultra-low power monitoring mode. When a bruxism event occurs, the piezoelectric film sensor 111 and the surface electromyography electrode 110 simultaneously capture vibration and electromyographic signals. The analog front end 112 digitizes these signals and transmits them to the MCU. The MCU's built-in intelligent fusion algorithm analyzes multi-source data in real time and eliminates motion artifacts. Once a genuine bruxism event is confirmed, the MCU immediately activates the drive module, applying a weak, brief electrical pulse to the masseter muscle via the stimulation electrode 100. This pulse aims to interrupt the nerve reflex arc of bruxism, stopping the user from bruxism without waking them up. Throughout the process, the power management unit 120 continuously manages system energy, prioritizing the energy collected by the piezoelectric film sensor 111 during bruxism and replenishing the power via NFC during daily interactions, ensuring long-term autonomous operation of the device. Users can read the bruxism data report stored in the device at any time via their mobile phone's NFC function, and doctors can adjust treatment parameters based on the report.

[0049] While the preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described above, the scope of the present invention is not limited to these specific embodiments. Those skilled in the art can make appropriate modifications within the scope set forth in the patent claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A self-powered wearable mouthpiece for multi-modal bio-signal monitoring and neuromuscular electrical stimulation, characterized in that, The mouthpiece base and the flexible electronic circuit module are encapsulated in the mouthpiece base. The flexible electronic circuit module comprises a multi-modal sensor, a core processing unit, a power management unit, a wireless communication unit and an electrical stimulation driving unit.

2. The self-powered wearable mouthguard for multimodal bio-signal monitoring and neuromuscular electrical stimulation of claim 1, wherein, The multi-modal sensor is connected to the core processing unit and the power management unit.

3. The self-powered wearable mouthguard for multimodal bio-signal monitoring and neuromuscular electrical stimulation of claim 1, wherein, The multi-modal sensor comprises at least two piezoelectric film sensors.

4. The self-powered wearable mouthguard for multimodal bio-signal monitoring and neuromuscular electrical stimulation of claim 3, wherein, The piezoelectric film sensors are arranged in the molar sulcus regions on both sides of the mouthpiece base.

5. The self-powered wearable mouthguard for multimodal bio-signal monitoring and neuromuscular electrical stimulation of claim 3, wherein, The multi-modal sensor further comprises a surface electromyography electrode connected to an analog front end.

6. The self-powered wearable mouthguard for multimodal bio-signal monitoring and neuromuscular electrical stimulation of claim 5, wherein, The surface electromyography electrode and the piezoelectric film sensor jointly construct a multi-dimensional verification.

7. The self-powered wearable mouthguard for multimodal bio-signal monitoring and neuromuscular electrical stimulation of claim 5, wherein, The surface electromyography electrode adopts a sintered Ag / AgCl electrode.

8. The self-powered wearable mouthguard for multimodal bio-signal monitoring and neuromuscular electrical stimulation of claim 7, wherein, The power management unit is connected to a super capacitor.

9. The self-powered wearable mouthguard for multimodal bio-signal monitoring and neuromuscular electrical stimulation of claim 8, wherein, The wireless communication unit comprises an NFC chip, an impedance matching circuit and a spiral NFC coil.

10. The self-powered wearable mouthguard for multimodal bio-signal monitoring and neuromuscular electrical stimulation of claim 8, wherein, The spiral NFC coil is connected to the NFC chip through the impedance matching circuit. The NFC chip is connected to the core processing unit and the power management unit. The wireless communication unit exchanges data with the core processing unit. The wireless communication unit captures energy from the radio frequency field of an external NFC reader / writer and outputs direct current through an energy harvesting output pin as a second energy source. The spiral NFC coil is arranged in the lingual anterior region of the mouthpiece base. The electrical stimulation driving unit comprises a stimulation electrode and a driving module. The stimulation electrode is connected to the core processing unit through the driving module. The driving module is further connected to the power management unit.

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