Digital intervention system for cognitive flexibility impaired population

Abstract

The invention discloses a digital intervention system for cognitive flexibility impaired crowds, which is characterized in that the system tests the cognitive flexibility of a user, evaluates the degree of flexibility injury of the user according to a test result, generates a corresponding training scheme according to the degree of flexibility injury, and performs intervention on the user according to the training scheme. Compared with the prior art, the technical scheme has the advantages that the customized technical scheme can be generated to the user, the training effect can be greatly improved, the data system is adopted for training, the training convenience can be improved, and the user experience can be improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of intelligent diagnostic technology, and more specifically to a digital intervention system for people with impaired cognitive flexibility. Background Technology

[0002] Cognitive flexibility is a core component of higher-order executive functions in humans. It refers to an individual's adaptive ability to dynamically adjust cognitive strategies, reconstruct knowledge representations, and flexibly switch between multi-dimensional thinking frameworks in response to changing situations. This ability not only enables us to efficiently cope with unexpected events and new situations, but also provides a guarantee for problem-solving and decision-making in daily life.

[0003] Impaired cognitive flexibility manifests as a decline in task switching ability, rigid thinking patterns, and weakened behavioral adaptability. This impairment is observed to varying degrees in various mental illness groups and high-risk populations. For example, patients with depression often exhibit slowed task switching speed and decreased environmental adaptability; that is, when faced with new situations or tasks, they have difficulty quickly abandoning their existing thought patterns, leading to rigidity in emotional regulation and behavioral responses. Research indicates that impaired cognitive flexibility is closely related to the pathological mechanisms of various mental illnesses. For instance, patients with depression experience a significantly reduced task switching speed, and rigid thinking leads to a cycle of negative emotions; patients with schizophrenia have impaired rule reversal ability and decreased environmental adaptability; and most patients with anxiety disorders exhibit inattention and behavioral inhibition deficits, affecting multitasking efficiency.

[0004] Current assessments of cognitive flexibility impairment largely rely on paper-and-pencil questionnaires, lacking objective and standardized methods. Furthermore, training content is often limited and fails to comprehensively cover dimensions closely related to cognitive flexibility, such as neurocognition and emotional regulation. In addition, the intervention process lacks feedback mechanisms, hindering the monitoring of training effectiveness and the adjustment of intervention intensity. Digital intervention tools are limited in that existing tools focus on working memory or attention training, failing to integrate multi-dimensional cognitive flexibility interventions. Therefore, there is an urgent need for an intervention system with a closed-loop assessment-training-feedback mechanism, a reasonable structure, and strong feasibility. Summary of the Invention

[0005] This invention provides a digital intervention system for people with cognitive flexibility impairment, which addresses the technical problem of poor training results in this population.

[0006] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the technical solution proposed by this invention is as follows: A digital intervention system for people with cognitive flexibility impairment includes: a cognitive flexibility testing and assessment module, a cognitive training module, and a cognitive flexibility assessment and feedback module. The cognitive flexibility test and evaluation module includes a cognitive flexibility test module and a cognitive flexibility evaluation module; The cognitive flexibility testing module is used to test the user's cognitive flexibility. The cognitive flexibility assessment module is used to assess the degree of flexibility impairment of the user based on the results of the user flexibility test. The cognitive training module is used to generate a corresponding training plan based on the degree of flexibility impairment, and push the training plan to the user for training.

[0007] Preferably, the cognitive flexibility testing module includes a connection test unit and a cognitive flexibility questionnaire unit; The connection test unit is used to send the preset connection test questions to the user's interactive interface, receive the test results input by the user, and count the test completion time of the user to complete the connection test questions, and send the test completion time to the cognitive flexibility assessment module; the connection test questions include TMT-A questions and TMT-B questions, and the test completion time includes the test completion time TA of TMT-A questions and the test completion time TB of TMT-B questions; The cognitive flexibility questionnaire unit is used to send the cognitive flexibility questionnaire to the user's interactive interface, receive the user's questionnaire response results, calculate the user's CFI score for the cognitive flexibility questionnaire based on the questionnaire response results, and send the CFI score to the cognitive flexibility assessment module.

[0008] Preferably, the cognitive flexibility assessment module includes a calculation unit, a standardization unit, and a judgment unit; The calculation unit is used to calculate the additional time X required for switching the execution function based on the test completion time TA of the TMT-A question and the test completion time TB of the TMT-B question. X = TA - TB; The standardization unit is used to perform Z-score conversion on the additional time X required for the function switching to obtain a standardized score. : ; in, The average additional time required to perform function switching for multiple stored users. The standard value for the additional time required to perform function switching for multiple stored users; The judgment unit is used to determine the standardized score. The CFI score is used to determine the degree of impairment to the user's flexibility.

[0009] Preferably, the degree of cognitive flexibility impairment includes severe cognitive flexibility impairment, mild to moderate cognitive flexibility impairment, potential mild cognitive rigidity or insufficient subjective experience, and good cognitive flexibility. The determination unit is used for: When standardized scores If the CFI score is greater than 1 and less than the first threshold, the user is judged to have severe cognitive flexibility impairment. When standardized scores If the CFI score is greater than 1 and ∈ [first threshold, second threshold), the user is judged to have mild to moderate cognitive flexibility impairment; where the first threshold is less than the second threshold. When standardized scores If the score is ≤ 1 and the CFI score is < the second threshold, the user is judged to have potential mild cognitive rigidity or insufficient subjective experience. When standardized scores When the CFI score is ≤ 1 and ≥ the second threshold, the user's cognitive flexibility is considered to be good.

[0010] Preferably, the cognitive training module includes a neurocognitive training unit, an emotional cognitive training unit, and a dynamic scheduling unit; The neurocognitive training unit is used to output neurocognitive training questions to the user on the user's corresponding interactive interface for training. The emotional cognition training unit is used to output emotional cognition training questions to the user on the user's corresponding interactive interface for training. The dynamic scheduling unit is used to determine the proportion of neurocognitive training and emotional cognitive training in each training cycle based on the degree of flexibility impairment, and periodically call the neurocognitive training unit and the emotional cognitive training unit to train the user according to the proportion.

[0011] Preferably, the degree of cognitive flexibility impairment includes severe cognitive flexibility impairment, mild to moderate cognitive flexibility impairment, potential mild cognitive rigidity, or insufficient subjective experience. When a user is in a state of severe cognitive flexibility impairment, the dynamic scheduling unit is used to allocate an equal proportion of neurocognitive training and emotional cognitive training to the user for training in a training cycle. When a user is in a state of mild to moderate cognitive flexibility impairment, the dynamic scheduling unit allocates a greater proportion of neurocognitive training to the user in a training cycle than the proportion of general neurocognitive training. When a user is in a state of potential mild cognitive rigidity or insufficient subjective experience, the dynamic scheduling unit allocates less proportion of neurocognitive training to the user during a training cycle.

[0012] Preferably, the neurocognitive training unit includes one or any combination of the following: Task switching paradigm unit, inverted learning task unit, Wisconsin card classification test unit; and / or The emotional cognition training unit includes one or any combination of the following: Training units based on emotion image recognition, emotion-semantic matching, and cognitive reappraisal.

[0013] Preferably, the emotion recognition training unit includes methods for conducting different types of emotion trials on users and statistically analyzing the average response time and average accuracy of the different types of emotion trials; the types of emotion trials include: The repeated emotion rotation test is presented in the following rotation format: Emotion Test (N) - Emotion Test (N+1), where Emotion Test (N) indicates that the Nth test is an emotion test, and Emotion Test (N+1) indicates that the (N+1)th test is an emotion test, where N is greater than or equal to 1. Alternating Emotional Rotation Test, wherein the alternating emotional test is used to alternate with other element tests; The emotional cognition training unit is used to send different types of emotional images and selection rules to the user's corresponding interactive interface during the emotional trial test, receive the selection results sent by the user, compare the selection results with the preset answers, determine whether the selection results are correct, and count the response time of the user's selection. The emotional cognition training unit is used to send different types of element images and selection rules to the user's corresponding interactive interface during other element tests, receive the selection results sent by the user, compare the selection results with the preset answers, determine whether the selection results are correct, and count the response time of the user's selection.

[0014] The emotion-semantic matching training unit is used to send emotion images with different levels of emotional stimulation to the user's corresponding human-computer interaction interface and receive the emotion rating value sent by the user.

[0015] The cognitive reappraisal training unit is used to send emotional images to the user's corresponding human-computer interaction interface and prompt the user to view the emotional images. It receives the emotional score value sent by the user and waits for a preset time before sending the adjustment strategy prompt to the user's corresponding human-computer interaction interface to prompt the user to adjust their emotions. It also receives the emotional score value sent by the user after viewing the adjustment strategy and determines the adjustment effect of the adjustment strategy based on the emotional score values ​​before and after viewing the adjustment strategy.

[0016] Preferably, the cognitive training module further includes a mindfulness training unit, which is used to provide strategies for mindful breathing, body scanning, and mindful walking exercises to the user's corresponding interactive interface, and to count the duration of mindfulness training. The dynamic scheduling unit is used to control the mindfulness training unit to provide mindfulness training to the user during a training cycle when the user has good cognitive flexibility.

[0017] Preferably, the cognitive training module further includes a cognitive flexibility assessment and feedback module, which outputs a trend chart of changes in user cognitive flexibility, an analysis report on the completion of module tasks, and personalized suggestions after the training period ends.

[0018] The present invention has the following beneficial effects: This invention assesses the degree of cognitive flexibility impairment in users based on test results, generates corresponding training plans based on the degree of impairment, and pushes the training plans to users for training. Compared with existing technologies, this technical solution can generate customized technical solutions for users, which can greatly improve the training effect. Furthermore, this technical solution uses a data-driven system for training, which can improve the convenience of training and enhance the user experience.

[0019] In a preferred embodiment, the present invention employs a combination of neurocognitive training and emotional cognition to train users during training, which can further improve the training effect. Attached Figure Description

[0020] The accompanying drawings, which form part of this application, are used to provide a further understanding of the invention. The illustrative embodiments of the invention and their descriptions are used to explain the invention and do not constitute an undue limitation of the invention. In the drawings: Figure 1 This is a simplified structural diagram of a digital intervention system for people with cognitive flexibility impairment according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 Figure 3 Figure 4 This is the evaluation-training port of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0021] This invention aims to address the problems of fragmented cognitive flexibility assessment and intervention methods, lack of standardized procedures, and insufficient coverage of intervention modules in existing technologies. It proposes a digital intervention system for individuals with cognitive flexibility impairment. This system constructs an integrated digital assessment and intervention platform for cognitive flexibility through standardized assessment tools, multi-module cognitive training content, and a closed-loop feedback mechanism, thereby improving the scientific rigor, systematic approach, and efficiency of the intervention.

[0022] like Figure 1As shown, this invention provides a digital intervention system for individuals with impaired cognitive flexibility, comprising: A digital intervention system for people with cognitive flexibility impairment includes: a cognitive flexibility assessment and acquisition module and a cognitive training module, wherein the cognitive flexibility assessment and acquisition module includes a cognitive flexibility testing module and a cognitive flexibility assessment module; The cognitive flexibility testing module is used to test the user's cognitive flexibility and send the test results to the cognitive flexibility evaluation module; The cognitive flexibility assessment module is used to assess the degree of flexibility impairment of the user based on the test results, and send the degree of flexibility impairment to the cognitive training module; The cognitive training module is used to generate a corresponding training plan based on the degree of flexibility impairment, and push the training plan to the user for training.

[0023] The cognitive flexibility testing module is the system's entry module, primarily used for objectively and quantitatively assessing the cognitive flexibility level of test subjects. The cognitive flexibility testing module includes a connection-based testing unit and a cognitive flexibility questionnaire unit. The connection test unit is used to send the connection test questions to the user's interactive interface, receive the test results input by the user, and calculate the test completion time of the user to complete the connection test questions, and send the test completion time to the cognitive flexibility assessment module; the connection test questions include TMT-A questions and TMT-B questions, and the test completion time includes the test completion time TA of TMT-A questions and the test completion time TB of TMT-B questions; Specifically, the cognitive flexibility assessment module includes a calculation unit, a standardization unit, and a judgment unit; The calculation unit is used to calculate the additional time X required for switching the execution function based on the test completion time TA of the TMT-A question and the test completion time TB of the TMT-B question. X = TA - TB; The standardization unit is used to perform Z-score conversion on the additional time X required for the function switching to obtain a standardized score. : ; in, The average additional time required to perform function switching for multiple stored users. The standard value for the additional time required to perform function switching for multiple stored users; The judgment unit is used to determine the standardized score. The CFI score is used to determine the degree of impairment to the user's flexibility.

[0024] In a preferred embodiment, the wiring test adopts the Trail Making Test (TMT) standardized wiring test.

[0025] Using the norm mean obtained by a hospital in a large sample population =27.9475, Based on a Z-value of 14.739, the system sets a threshold for judgment: when the Z-value is greater than 1, the subject is judged to have significant cognitive flexibility impairment; otherwise, it is considered not to meet the impairment criteria. This module supports automatic collection of user reaction time, drawing path, and accuracy, and can realize online presentation and automatic scoring of TMT through digital means.

[0026] Specifically, the cognitive flexibility questionnaire unit is used to display the cognitive flexibility questionnaire on the user's corresponding interface, receive the user's questionnaire response results, calculate the user's CFI score for the cognitive flexibility questionnaire based on the questionnaire response results, and send the CFI score to the cognitive flexibility assessment module.

[0027] The cognitive flexibility questionnaire used is the Chinese version of the Cognitive Flexibility Inventory (CFI), which consists of 20 items. Participants used a 5-point Likert scale for self-assessment. Higher CFI scores indicated less impairment in cognitive flexibility. The CFI also includes two dimensions: selectivity and controllability. The norms are: CFI < 60 indicates insufficient flexibility; CFI > 80 indicates good flexibility. The CFI can supplement subjective dimensions such as self-regulation ability, situational reconstruction ability, and metacognitive beliefs, which are not covered by behavioral tasks, thus forming a multidimensional assessment of cognitive flexibility. The norms are based on the Journal of South China Normal University.

[0028] Preferably, the degree of cognitive flexibility impairment includes severe cognitive flexibility impairment, mild to moderate cognitive flexibility impairment, potential mild cognitive rigidity or insufficient subjective experience, and good cognitive flexibility. The determination unit is used for: When standardized scores If the CFI score is greater than 1 and less than the first threshold, the user is judged to have severe cognitive flexibility impairment. When standardized scores If the CFI score is greater than 1 and ∈ [first threshold, second threshold), the user is judged to have mild to moderate cognitive flexibility impairment; where the first threshold is less than the second threshold. When standardized scores If the score is ≤ 1 and the CFI score is < the second threshold, the user is judged to have potential mild cognitive rigidity or insufficient subjective experience. When standardized scores When the CFI score is ≤ 1 and ≥ the second threshold, the user's cognitive flexibility is considered to be good.

[0029] In the preferred embodiment, the first threshold is 60 and the second threshold is 80; of course, the first and second thresholds can also be other values ​​that can achieve the above objectives. Specifically, the cognitive training module includes a neurocognitive training unit, an emotional cognitive training unit, and a dynamic scheduling unit; The neurocognitive training unit is used to output neurocognitive training questions to the user on the user's corresponding interactive interface for training. The emotional cognition training unit is used to output emotional cognition training questions to the user on the user's corresponding interactive interface for training. The dynamic scheduling unit is used to determine the proportion of neurocognitive training and emotional cognitive training in each training cycle based on the degree of flexibility impairment, and periodically call the neurocognitive training unit and the emotional cognitive training unit to train the user according to the proportion.

[0030] Preferably, the degree of cognitive flexibility impairment includes severe cognitive flexibility impairment, mild to moderate cognitive flexibility impairment, potential mild cognitive rigidity, or insufficient subjective experience. When a user is in a state of severe cognitive flexibility impairment, the dynamic scheduling unit is used to allocate an equal proportion of neurocognitive training and emotional cognitive training to the user for training in a training cycle. When a user is in a state of mild to moderate cognitive flexibility impairment, the dynamic scheduling unit allocates a greater proportion of neurocognitive training to the user in a training cycle than the proportion of general neurocognitive training. When a user is in a state of potential mild cognitive rigidity or insufficient subjective experience, the dynamic scheduling unit allocates less proportion of neurocognitive training to the user during a training cycle.

[0031] This system integrates the TMT Z-score with the CFI score to comprehensively assess the degree of cognitive flexibility impairment. The specific operation is as follows: When Z > 1 and CFI score < 60, preferably, the weights of neurocognitive training and emotional cognitive training each account for 50% of the total training. When Z > 1 and CFI < 60, it is judged as severe cognitive flexibility impairment, and the system defaults to allocating neurocognitive training and emotional cognitive training each to 50%. When Z>1 and CFI∈[60, 80): it indicates mild to moderate impairment, and the system prioritizes allocating 70% of its training to emotional cognitive training and 30% to neurocognitive training. When Z ≤ 1 and CFI < 80: This indicates potential mild cognitive rigidity or insufficient subjective experience. The system prioritizes allocating 70% of training to neurocognitive training and 30% to emotional cognitive training. When Z ≤ 1 and CFI ≥ 80: This indicates good cognitive flexibility. The system recommends entering maintenance training, mainly mindfulness training, with a proportion of 60%-80%.

[0032] Specifically, the neurocognitive training unit includes one or any combination of the following: Task switching paradigm unit, inverted learning task unit, Wisconsin card classification test unit; Among them, the task switching paradigm adopts the number-letter task (alternating running paradigm). The number-letter task is one of the classic paradigms for studying task switching. Its design is usually based on the "alternating running" principle proposed by Rogers and Monsell (1995), which requires participants to switch between different task rules and corresponding behavioral responses.

[0033] Experiment content: Numbers: 2, 4, 6, 8...; Letters: A, E, F, H... Presentation format: Black background with white text, centered font size and high visual height.

[0034] Experiment Setup → Configure Response Keys (Left / Right Virtual Buttons), Number of Practice Sessions, and Break Time Between Blocks. Response Key Mapping: Virtual button positions are selectable. Task types include number tasks and letter tasks. For number tasks, different keys are pressed depending on whether the number is odd or even (odd buttons on the left, even buttons on the right). For letter tasks, different keys are pressed depending on whether the sound is a vowel or consonant (vowel on the left, consonant on the right). Practice Requirements: Complete 30–40 practice sessions before the formal experiment, achieving a ≥85% accuracy rate to continue.

[0035] Practice number of attempts: drop-down menu (20 / 30 / 40...); Rest duration: slider setting (0–5 min); Save / Reset button.

[0036] Start the experiment → Select "Pure Task Block" or "Mixed Task Block". The text "Number" or "Letter" will appear in the center of the screen.

[0037] Each trial shall be conducted according to the following procedure: Focus on the crosshairs: 500ms; Clue presentation: 200ms ("numbers" / "letters"); Stimulus presentation: until a response is received in individuals with impaired cognitive flexibility or a timeout of 1500ms; Feedback: 300ms (Correct / Incorrect); Stimulation interval: 500ms; Note: The interval between the cue and the stimulus is 200ms.

[0038] Experimental module arrangement: Pure task blocks involve training with only numbers / only letters, with 40 tests. All experiments consist of corresponding tasks, and data output is used to calculate baseline reaction time and accuracy. Mixed task block a uses an alternating AABB… training pattern, with 160 tests, including 80 transition trials + 80 repetition trials. Data is used to calculate transition cost and mixing cost. Mixed task block b uses an alternating BBAA… pattern, also with 160 tests and 80 transition trials + 80 repetition trials, balancing the initial task order and controlling for sequence effects.

[0039] Module order: 1. Pure task block (numbers) → 2. Pure task block (letters) → 3. Mixed task block a → 4. Mixed task block b The total duration is approximately 25–30 minutes, with short breaks that can be arranged between the mixed modules.

[0040] Data record list: Experiment date, type, ID, supports downloading or uploading to a specified cloud.

[0041] Required elements: Interface flow and task trial design for individuals with impaired cognitive flexibility; data export, feedback visualization, and local-to-cloud synchronization; response time accuracy, stimulus reversal mechanism, and security access management; Through extensive practice of switching / repeated trials, individuals with impaired cognitive flexibility learn to more quickly "pre-activate" the next task set, reducing the additional preparation time required to switch from one rule to another. Practicing maintaining multiple sets of rules and being ready to switch between them in mixed task blocks helps improve continuous monitoring and management capabilities in multi-task environments. After repeated training, this is reflected in accelerated reaction times, decreased error rates, and narrowed response differences between pure and mixed task blocks, indicating a significant enhancement in the adaptability and predictive ability of individuals with impaired cognitive flexibility to rule switching.

[0042] The purpose of the reverse learning task is to measure the subjects' learning and cognitive flexibility under reward and punishment feedback, and to examine their ability to adjust behavior by reversing rules.

[0043] Experiment content: Initial learning stage Two visual stimuli (such as two different shapes / colors / images) are presented to the participants, each fixed on the left and right sides of the screen.

[0044] Individuals with impaired cognitive flexibility must learn from feedback which stimulus is the "correct" option. Immediate feedback (correct / incorrect or score / no score) should be provided after each selection.

[0045] The goal is to learn "which one is correct" through reinforcement feedback, thereby stably selecting that stimulus.

[0046] Reversal phase In the initial stage, correct stimuli are internally programmed as "incorrect," while previously incorrect stimuli become correct (without any prompting, a sudden switch). Individuals with impaired cognitive flexibility must recognize the change in feedback and adjust their response strategies, detaching themselves from their ingrained learned response patterns and shifting to the new stimulus. Measurement indicators include: a. Reaction accuracy; b. Number of error correction attempts; c. Adaptation delay; d. Average reaction time; 3. Commonly used stimulus types; Shapes: Square vs. Triangle, Circle vs. Star...; Images: Plants and animals, faces vs. tools...; Colors: Red vs. Blue, Green vs. Yellow...; Customizable materials: Supports uploading local images as stimuli; 4. Experimental Indicators and Outputs Learning rate: The number of trials required to achieve 80% accuracy during the stabilization period; Response flexibility: the number of trials required to achieve the target again after reversal; The number of times the old stimulus was chosen after a reversal; Changes in total score and reaction time; After repeated exposure to rule mutations, individuals with impaired cognitive flexibility become more sensitive to "false feedback" or "negative feedback," triggering faster updates to their behavioral strategies. Training helps suppress ingrained preferences for old rules, reducing persistence errors and thus improving flexibility when switching to new rules. After reversal, individuals with impaired cognitive flexibility require fewer trials to reach the new rule standard, exhibiting a significant reduction in persistence errors, demonstrating higher cognitive inhibition and updating abilities.

[0047] The Wisconsin Card Sorting (WCST) task is used to assess cognitive flexibility, abstract reasoning, and working memory in executive functions, with a particular focus on the ability of individuals with impaired cognitive flexibility to adapt to rule changes and the types of errors they make.

[0048] Experiment content: Reference cards: Four fixed cards are always displayed at the top of the screen, each showing a type of fruit, its color, and quantity: Red apple x1, yellow banana x2, purple grape bunch x3, green star fruit x4; Target cards: 128 cards in total, randomly combining any two or three of the following three-dimensional attributes: Fruit types (4 kinds): apple, banana, grape, star fruit; Colors (4): Red, Yellow, Purple, Green; Quantities (4 types): 1, 2, 3, 4; Example: Two green apples; One "Purple Cherry x1"; A sheet of "4 bunches of yellow grapes"; Eight practice cards are provided (feedback is always based on color rules), and the formal test will start automatically after the practice is completed.

[0049] 3. Rules Phase First classification rule (color / shape / quantity randomly selected by the system) Automatic rule switching: When a person with impaired cognitive flexibility correctly classifies 10 times in a row, the system will quietly switch to one of the other two rules without any prompting.

[0050] Test duration: Until all 128 target cards are used up or the preset phase is completed (default 6 rule switches). Classification dimensions: color, type, quantity; Reference card area: 4 fixed reference cards at the top of the screen; Target Card Area: A target card appears in the center of the lower part of the screen; Operation method: Touch drag and drop: Drag the target card to the reference card area with your finger; Button click: Four numbered buttons will appear below the reference card. Click the corresponding number.

[0051] Feedback: The correct / incorrect border blinks for 300ms; Timeout handling: If there is no response within 15 seconds, it will be considered an error, and the process will automatically proceed to the next step.

[0052] Each trial in the experiment includes: a target card presentation; b. Individuals with impaired cognitive flexibility drag or click the target card to the position of the reference card that they judge to be correct; Instant feedback: 300ms: Correct: Reference card border flashes green; Incorrect: Reference card border flashes red.

[0053] Stimulation interval: 500ms; 5. Core Indicators Number of completed classifications: The number of rules that have been successfully classified 10 times consecutively according to the current rule; Maintenance error: The number of times a category is still classified according to the old rules after the rules have changed; Non-retention errors: Number of other types of errors; Learning efficiency: the number of trials required to reach the first rule switch; Average reaction time: the average decision-making time at each stage; Faced with unclear classification criteria, individuals with impaired cognitive flexibility must abstract the characteristics of current rules and quickly identify new dimensions when rules change. Throughout the task, feedback and classification history are continuously tracked to maintain working memory load and monitor potential rule shifts in real time. Extensive training with both retention and non-retention errors gradually teaches them to adjust strategies using error information, forming a dynamic error monitoring-correction cycle. After training, individuals with impaired cognitive flexibility show improvements in metrics such as the number of classifications, error types, and reaction time, demonstrating faster discovery of new rules and fewer errors due to adhering to old rules.

[0054] The emotional cognition training unit includes one or any combination of the following: Training units based on emotion image recognition, emotion-semantic matching, and cognitive reappraisal.

[0055] In the preferred embodiment, the emotional cognition training module is primarily used to improve the cognitive flexibility of individuals with cognitive-emotion interaction disorders. Specific training methods include: emotion transformation tasks, emotion recognition training, emotion regulation training, and mindfulness training.

[0056] Specifically, the emotion recognition training unit includes methods for conducting different types of emotion trials on users and statistically analyzing the average response time and average accuracy of these different emotion trials; the types of emotion trials include: The repeated emotion rotation test is presented in the following rotation format: Emotion Test (N) - Emotion Test (N+1), where Emotion Test (N) indicates that the Nth test is an emotion test, and Emotion Test (N+1) indicates that the (N+1)th test is an emotion test, where N is greater than or equal to 1. Alternating Emotional Rotation Test, wherein the alternating emotional test is used to alternate with other element tests; The emotional cognition training unit is used to send different types of emotional images and selection rules to the user's corresponding interactive interface during the emotion test, receive the selection results sent by the user, compare the selection results with the preset answers, determine whether the selection results are correct, and count the response time of the user's selection. In a preferred embodiment, the emotion cognition training unit is used to send different types of element images and selection rules to the user's corresponding interactive interface during other element tests, receive the selection results sent by the user, compare the selection results with preset answers, determine whether the selection results are correct, and count the response time of the user's selection.

[0057] Specifically, the training unit based on emotion image recognition aims to measure and train an individual's cognitive flexibility in processing emotion-related information, with a particular focus on task set switching and inhibitory control. Participants are required to flexibly switch their attention focus based on cues presented in each trial and quickly identify "outlier faces" that differ from other stimuli in a specified dimension.

[0058] This task is adapted from the task transition paradigms of Mayr and Keele (2000) and Whitmer and Banich (2007), adopting the AST framework proposed by De Lissnyder et al. (2010) and based on KDEF emotional faces. This study uses a Chinese face database, which is more in line with the local cultural background, and uses images with an emotion intensity greater than 6 and an identification rate greater than 80%.

[0059] Experiment content: Practice phase Before the task begins, participants must complete up to 12 rounds of practice trials, with a minimum accuracy rate of 80%.

[0060] Immediate feedback ("Correct" or "Incorrect") is provided after each practice session, lasting for 500ms, followed by a 100ms blank screen.

[0061] Those who do not meet the standard will practice repeatedly to ensure they understand the task rules.

[0062] b. Formal Testing Phase The formal phase consists of two experimental blocks, each with 108 trials, with short breaks in between.

[0063] Each trial includes a clue word and an array of faces, and participants must identify the outlier faces in the corresponding dimensions.

[0064] There is no feedback mechanism; only reaction time and accuracy are recorded.

[0065] The procedure for each trial is shown in Table 1 below:

[0066] Each attempt is indicated by white text in the center, indicating the current task dimension: Emotional Outlier, Gender Outlier, and Color Outlier; Stimulus composition: Face grid: Four faces (arranged in 2×2) are presented in each trial with a black background.

[0067] Each face image differs from the other three in one of the three dimensions: Emotions: Happiness vs. Anger; Gender: Male vs. Female; Colors: Light gray vs. Dark gray; The deviation dimension always aligns with the clues, while deviations in the other two dimensions occur randomly.

[0068] The face remains visible until the response is complete.

[0069] Response method Using a simulated reaction box design at the four corners of the screen, participants click on the corresponding areas of the screen to select the location of the deviated face.

[0070] Response examples are shown in Table 2 below:

[0071] The trial types are designed as shown in Table 3:

[0072] Record for each trial: Clue dimensions, face deviation location, participant response location, reaction time (ms), correct / incorrect Task result generation: Average response time (RT) and accuracy for each trial type; Cost suppression and conversion cost indicators; It is recommended to complete an emotional state questionnaire after the experiment to control for the influence of emotion induction.

[0073] Variations can be introduced as needed in clinical practice, such as adding negative emotion (fear, sadness) faces, and expanding to multi-category AST tasks.

[0074] The emotion-semantic matching training unit is used to send images with different levels of emotional stimulation and emotion rating prompts to the user's corresponding human-computer interaction interface, and to receive the emotion rating values ​​sent by the user.

[0075] Specifically, the emotion-semantic matching training unit, by presenting a systematic set of emotional face images and providing immediate feedback, aims to: This training aims to improve participants' accuracy in recognizing emotional faces, correct negative emotional biases, and enhance their emotional awareness and regulation abilities. It is designed based on the following principles: Repeated exposure: Deepening recognition impressions through multiple rounds of training; Instant feedback: Enhances the ability to correctly identify the path; Threshold blurry images: used for training to recognize subtle or ambiguous emotions; Personalized adaptation: The difficulty is dynamically adjusted based on performance; Experiment content: Practice phase Provide 6–10 training trials, using images with distinct emotional intensity, and provide clear feedback showing the correct answer to encourage participants to understand the characteristics of different emotional faces.

[0076] b. Formal Training Phase Each training session consists of 60–80 trials.

[0077] Each trial presents a face, and participants choose the emotion it expresses from several emotion options.

[0078] Trial types include: Full-intensity image: 100% clear emotion; Blurred image: 20%–80% emotional intensity, presented in stages; Blurred transition image sequence: such as neutral to angry, presenting consecutive images of 10%, 20%, ... 100%, with the required time for each part shown in Table 4 below:

[0079] After training for several training cycles using the training plan shown in Table 5, a post-test is set up to verify the training effect. Note that there is no feedback in the post-test.

[0080] Basic emotions are categorized into happiness, anger, fear, sadness, disgust, surprise, and neutrality. The data results are presented as follows: a. The accuracy rate of each emotion category recognition; b. Differences in recognition performance between blurred images and full-intensity images; c. Average reaction time for each emotion tag; The ratio of negative to positive for blurred images can be used to assess the presence and change of negative bias.

[0081]

[0082] Experimental control conditions: Use non-emotional tasks as controls, such as age judgment, gender judgment, or use non-fuzzy image control groups. The order of the images and the position of the emotion tags are completely randomized; Character identities are randomly shuffled; As the condition of the affected population improves, the proportion of low-intensity images is increased; once the condition stabilizes, dynamic video materials can be introduced.

[0083] The cognitive reappraisal training unit describes the process by which individuals with impaired cognitive flexibility consciously or unconsciously adjust, maintain, or change their emotions after they arise. Common modulatory strategies include reinterpreting emotional events, diverting attention to irrelevant cues, and suppressing emotional expression.

[0084] Experimental procedure: Presentation of emotional stimuli → Prompts for regulation strategies → Subjective evaluation feedback; Experimental content: In each trial, participants need to evaluate their emotions after experiencing them in their original state and applying regulation strategies. Cognitive reappraisal prompts are provided for training to gradually help participants learn to internalize strategies. Subjective emotion scores and reaction times are also collected simultaneously.

[0085] Each training session consists of 60 trials, with three different conditions: Observation conditions: Participants were instructed to view the emotional images naturally without any adjustment.

[0086] Adjustment conditions: Present adjustment strategy prompts to guide participants to interpret emotional images "from a new perspective".

[0087] Neutral conditions: Presenting neutral images as a "benchmark" or "reference point" for comparison, thereby more accurately judging the effects of other emotional conditions.

[0088] The test content and duration are shown in Table 6:

[0089] As shown in Table 7, the first stage presents "regulation" or "observation" prompts, guiding participants on how to cope with the impending emotional stimulus. Emotional images are presented, categorized as negative or neutral. In regulation trials, participants attempt to "reinterpret" the images to reduce their emotional impact. After the images disappear, an emotion intensity rating scale of 1–9 points appears on the screen, requiring participants to assess the intensity of their feelings. This is a key indicator for measuring the effectiveness of the regulation strategy. The calculation method is: the score under the observation condition minus the score under the regulation condition. A positive difference indicates that the participant's emotional response was significantly weaker in the context of using the regulation strategy compared to the observation condition; a larger difference indicates a better regulation strategy effect. To eliminate response bias caused by fatigue, changes in alertness, or other non-emotional factors throughout the experiment, a neutral image was used as a baseline. By comparing the scores under the emotional images with those under the neutral images, it can be determined whether the negative stimulus actually induced an emotional response and whether the regulated emotional score has approached a neutral level, thus further evaluating the recovery effect of the regulation strategy.

[0090]

[0091] The regulation strategy requires breaking the "automatic response" to emotions and switching from "emotion-driven" to "cognitive restructuring," which is essentially a manifestation of "cognitive flexibility." Judging whether to regulate based on prompts is equivalent to practicing "rapid switching of cognitive sets." This training, through "cognitive reappraisal + structured experimental design + neutral control," systematically improves an individual's ability to regulate emotional stimuli, not only enhancing emotional resilience but also reflecting the core role of cognitive flexibility in the field of emotion regulation.

[0092] In the above emotion recognition training, all emotion images were obtained from the Chinese Emotion Image Database and verified before use.

[0093] This module can significantly improve the decline in cognitive flexibility caused by emotional rigidity and negative bias, and is especially suitable for patients with mood disorders and anxiety disorders.

[0094] In a preferred embodiment, the cognitive training module further includes a mindfulness training unit, which provides strategies for mindful breathing, body scanning, and mindful walking exercises to the user's corresponding interactive interface and tracks the duration of mindfulness training. The dynamic scheduling unit is used to control the mindfulness training unit to provide mindfulness training to the user during a training cycle when the user has good cognitive flexibility.

[0095] Mindfulness training aims to provide systematic mindfulness training for individuals with impaired cognitive flexibility, helping them cultivate focus, emotion regulation, and cognitive flexibility in daily life. By guiding them through mindful breathing, body scans, and mindful walking exercises, it enhances their awareness of present experiences, thereby effectively coping with stress and emotional fluctuations. Its core functional modules include guided mindfulness practice, personalized training plans, real-time feedback and progress tracking, and community interaction and support. This module, as a supplementary training pathway, is suitable for users at all levels of cognitive flexibility, and is particularly effective for those experiencing cognitive overload, attentional drift, and insufficient self-awareness.

[0096] Mindfulness content section: Mindful breathing: By focusing on the rhythm of your breath, it helps users calm their minds and enhance their awareness of the present moment.

[0097] Body Scan: Guides users to focus their attention on different parts of their body in sequence, identifying and releasing tension.

[0098] Mindful walking: Cultivate awareness of body movements and the surrounding environment while walking, and enhance concentration.

[0099] Loving-kindness meditation: Cultivate kindness and compassion for yourself and others, and enhance your emotional regulation abilities.

[0100] Mindfulness Program Planning Section Course Modules: The beginner course is suitable for beginners, providing basic mindfulness exercises to help establish mindfulness habits. The advanced course is for users with some experience, offering more in-depth mindfulness exercises to improve their mindfulness level. Specialized courses address issues such as anxiety, sleep improvement, and enhanced focus, catering to the needs of different users.

[0101] Practice Log: Automatically records the time and type of each practice session, helping users understand their practice habits.

[0102] Emotional Log: Users can record their daily emotional state and observe trends in emotional changes.

[0103] Progress charts: Display the user's practice progress and emotional changes in chart form, providing intuitive feedback.

[0104] Mindfulness Community: Users can share their practice experiences and encourage and support each other in the community.

[0105] Expert Q&A: We regularly invite experts in the field of mindfulness to answer users' questions during practice.

[0106] Mindfulness training is a practice that improves adaptability and mental health in learning, work, and daily life by focusing on the present moment and observing internal and external phenomena non-judgmentally.

[0107] Preferred, such as Figure 2 As shown, the cognitive training module also includes a cognitive flexibility assessment and feedback module, which outputs a trend chart of changes in user cognitive flexibility, an analysis report on the completion of module tasks, and personalized suggestions after the training period ends.

[0108] In a preferred embodiment, the dynamic scheduling unit of the present invention also has the following functions: Difficulty adjustment engine: Response window compression: When the accuracy rate of three consecutive tasks is >90%, the stimulus presentation time is shortened by 10%-20%; Stimulus complexity upgrade: Automatic injection of perturbation dimensions based on hybrid cost threshold; Rule mutation frequency: The rule switching interval is dynamically adjusted based on the adaptation delay in inversion learning.

[0109] b-frequency optimization engine: Fatigue perception scheduling: Rest intervals are inserted based on micro-expression recognition and reaction time fluctuations; Memory consolidation algorithm: Based on the Ebbinghaus forgetting curve, it automatically reinforces error-prone tasks at key time points (1 day / 3 days / 7 days); Priority weight allocation: Increase the daily frequency of divergent thinking tasks to 2-3 times based on damage characteristic values.

[0110] The closed-loop feedback control module is used to construct a real-time control loop of "evaluation-decision-execution". Its operation process includes: Measurement of treatment effectiveness: Key metrics: rate of decrease in switching costs (Δ < 15%), slope of decay of retention errors (k > -0.3), and poor emotion regulation efficacy (observation-regulation score difference > 2 points). Fusion computing: behavioral data (reaction time / accuracy) and linguistic features (semantic coherence) are weighted and fused through an attention mechanism to generate an effectiveness index of 0-100.

[0111] Threshold triggering mechanism: Level 1 Adjustment: When the weekly average validity index is <60, difficulty downgrade and frequency encryption will be activated; Secondary Restructuring: When the index is less than 40 for two consecutive weeks, multimodal data backtracking analysis is triggered to redistribute the cold / hot cognitive training weights; Emergency intervention: When the error rate of a single task suddenly increases by more than 50%, immediately insert a strategy guidance video and reset the task difficulty to the baseline level.

[0112] Closed-loop evaluation feedback This system has a comprehensive training effect feedback and tracking mechanism, with the evaluation module and training module forming a periodic closed loop. The system is set to train 3-5 times per week, with a re-evaluation at the end of each cycle. Perform the TMT-A / B test again; resubmit the Chinese version of the CFI. The system automatically generates a comparison report before and after training, including changes in Z-score, changes in CFI total score and dimensionality score, average reaction time, and task completion rate.

[0113] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the invention. Various modifications and variations can be made to the present invention by those skilled in the art. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A digitalized intervention system for people with impaired cognitive flexibility, characterized in that, The cognitive flexibility test evaluation module and the cognitive training module; The cognitive flexibility test evaluation module comprises a cognitive flexibility test module and a cognitive flexibility evaluation module; The cognitive flexibility test module is used for testing the cognitive flexibility of the user; The cognitive flexibility evaluation module is used for evaluating the degree of impairment of the cognitive flexibility of the user according to the test result of the user; The cognitive training module is used for generating a corresponding training scheme according to the degree of impairment of the cognitive flexibility and pushing the training scheme to the user for training.

2. The digitalized intervention system for people with impaired cognitive flexibility according to claim 1, characterized in that, The cognitive flexibility test module comprises a connection test unit and a cognitive flexibility questionnaire unit; The connection test unit is used for sending a preset connection test question to the interactive interface of the user, receiving the test result input by the user, counting the test completion time of the user in completing the connection test question, and sending the test completion time to the cognitive flexibility evaluation module; the connection test question comprises a TMT-A question and a TMT-B question, and the test completion time comprises a test completion time TA of the TMT-A question and a test completion time TB of the TMT-B question; The cognitive flexibility questionnaire unit is used for sending a cognitive flexibility questionnaire to the interactive interface of the user, receiving the questionnaire reply result input by the user, calculating a CFI score of the cognitive flexibility questionnaire of the user according to the questionnaire reply result, and sending the CFI score to the cognitive flexibility evaluation module.

3. The digitalized intervention system for cognitive flexibility impairment according to claim 2, characterized in that, The cognitive flexibility evaluation module comprises a calculation unit, a standardization unit and a judgment unit; The calculation unit is used for calculating an additional time X required for switching execution functions according to the test completion time TA of the TMT-A question and the test completion time TB of the TMT-B question: X = TA - TB; The standardization unit is used to convert the additional time X required for switching the execution function into a Z-score, to obtain a standardized score : ； wherein, a mean value of the additional time spent for performing a function switch for a plurality of users stored, a standard value of the additional time spent for performing a function switch for a plurality of users stored; The judging unit is configured to judge the degree of flexibility impairment of the user according to the standardized score and the CFI score.

4. The digitalized intervention system for people with impaired cognitive flexibility according to claim 3, characterized in that, The degree of impairment of the cognitive flexibility comprises severe cognitive flexibility impairment, moderate and mild cognitive flexibility impairment, potential mild cognitive rigidity or subjective experience deficiency, and good cognitive flexibility; The judgment unit is used for: when the standardized score > 1 and the CFI score < a first threshold, determining that the user has a severe impairment of cognitive flexibility; when the standardized score > 1 and the CFI score ∈ [first threshold, second threshold), determining that the user has a mild cognitive flexibility impairment; wherein the first threshold is less than the second threshold. When the standardized score ≤ 1 and the CFI score < a second threshold, it is determined that the user has potential mild cognitive rigidity or insufficient subjective experience; When the standardized score is ≤ 1 and the CFI score is ≥ a second threshold, the user's cognitive flexibility is judged to be good.

5. The digitalized intervention system for people with impaired cognitive flexibility according to any one of claims 1-4, characterized in that, The cognitive training module comprises a neural cognitive training unit, an emotional cognitive training unit and a dynamic scheduling unit; The neural cognitive training unit is used for outputting a neural cognitive training question to the user on the interactive interface corresponding to the user for training; The emotional cognitive training unit is used for outputting an emotional cognitive training question to the user on the interactive interface corresponding to the user for training; The dynamic scheduling unit is used for determining the proportion of the neural cognitive training and the emotional cognitive training in each training period according to the degree of impairment of the cognitive flexibility, and periodically calling the neural cognitive training unit and the emotional cognitive training unit according to the proportion to train the user.

6. The digitalized intervention system for people with impaired cognitive flexibility according to claim 5, characterized in that, The degree of impairment of the cognitive flexibility comprises severe cognitive flexibility impairment, moderate and mild cognitive flexibility impairment, potential mild cognitive rigidity or subjective experience deficiency; When the user is in severe cognitive flexibility impairment, the dynamic scheduling unit is used for allocating equal proportions of neural cognitive training and emotional cognitive training to the user for training in one training period. When the user is in the mild cognitive flexibility impairment, the dynamic scheduling unit allocates a higher proportion of the neuro-cognitive training to the user in a training period than the proportion of the neuro-cognitive training; When the user is in the potential mild cognitive rigidity or subjective experience deficiency, the dynamic scheduling unit allocates a lower proportion of the neuro-cognitive training to the user in a training period than the proportion of the neuro-cognitive training.

7. The digitalized intervention system for cognitive flexibility impairment according to claim 5, characterized in that, The neuro-cognitive training unit includes one or any combination of the following: a task switching paradigm unit, an inverse learning task unit, and a Wisconsin Card Sorting Test unit; and / or The emotional cognitive training unit includes one or any combination of the following: an emotion picture recognition-based training unit, an emotion-semantic matching training unit, and a cognitive reappraisal training unit.

8. The digitalized intervention system for cognitive flexibility impairment population according to claim 7, characterized in that, The emotional cognitive training unit includes a function of conducting different types of emotion test times on the user and counting the average response time and the average accuracy of the different types of emotion test times. The types of the emotion test times include: a repeated emotion rotation test, wherein the rotation form of the repeated emotion rotation test is emotion test (N)-emotion test (N+1), wherein emotion test (N) represents that the Nth test is an emotion test, emotion test (N+1) represents that the N+1th test is an emotion test, and N is greater than or equal to 1; an alternating emotion rotation test, which is used for alternating the emotion test with other element tests; The emotional cognitive training unit is used for sending different types of emotion pictures and selection rules to the corresponding interactive interface of the user during the emotion test times, receiving the selection results sent by the user, comparing the selection results with preset answers, judging whether the selection results are correct, and counting the response time of the user; The emotional cognitive training unit is used for sending different types of element pictures and selection rules to the corresponding interactive interface of the user during the other element tests, receiving the selection results sent by the user, comparing the selection results with preset answers, judging whether the selection results are correct, and counting the response time of the user; The emotion-semantic matching training unit is used for sending emotion pictures of different emotion stimulation degrees to the corresponding human-computer interactive interface of the user and receiving emotion score values sent by the user. The cognitive reappraisal training unit is used for sending emotion pictures to the corresponding human-computer interactive interface of the user, prompting the user to watch the emotion pictures, receiving emotion score values sent by the user, waiting for a preset time, sending adjustment strategy prompts to the corresponding human-computer interactive interface of the user, prompting the user to adjust the emotion, receiving emotion score values sent by the user after watching the adjustment strategy, and determining the adjustment effect of the adjustment strategy according to the emotion score values before and after watching the adjustment strategy.

9. The digitalized intervention system for cognitive flexibility impairment according to claim 8, characterized in that, The cognitive training module further includes a mindfulness training unit, which is used for providing the corresponding interactive interface of the user with strategies of mindfulness breathing, body scanning, and mindfulness walking exercises and counting the duration of the mindfulness training. The dynamic scheduling unit is configured to control the mindfulness training unit to provide mindfulness training for the user in a training period when the cognitive flexibility of the user is good.

10. The digitalized intervention system for cognitive flexibility impairment according to claim 8, characterized in that, The cognitive training module further comprises a cognitive flexibility evaluation feedback module configured to output a cognitive flexibility change trend graph, a module task completion analysis report and a personalized suggestion for the user after the training period ends.

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