Transmission switching assembly of milling and grinding integrated machine tool

Abstract

The transmission switching assembly of the milling and grinding integrated machine tool comprises a sliding base, and a motor is arranged at the upper end of the sliding base; the rack is connected with the machine tool base; the gear is connected with the free end of the motor; the limiting guide plates are symmetrically arranged on two sides of the lower end of the sliding seat; the locking and separating unit is arranged on the side part of the gear; under the action of the locking and separating unit, at least one of the gear and the rack can move in the length direction of the limiting guide plate, so that the gear and the rack get close to each other or get away from each other. According to the technical scheme, the overall structural design is compact, the machining precision and working condition adaptability of machine tool equipment are greatly improved, manual intervention is not needed in the whole switching process, the positioning precision is high, and the machining quality and production efficiency of the machine tool equipment are effectively improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of mechanical processing equipment technology, and specifically relates to a transmission switching component for an integrated milling and grinding machine tool. Background Technology

[0002] Milling and grinding integrated machine tools combine milling and grinding functions, enabling the completion of both processes on the same machine. This reduces the number of workpiece clamping operations and the space occupied by the equipment, leading to their increasingly widespread application in the field of machining.

[0003] Most existing integrated milling and grinding machine tools use a single transmission system to adapt to two processing conditions. However, milling has high requirements for the rigidity and stability of the transmission system, while grinding has even more stringent requirements for the smoothness and flexibility of the transmission system. A single transmission system is difficult to meet the processing needs of both processing conditions at the same time, which can easily lead to insufficient processing accuracy and low workpiece qualification rate. On the other hand, some milling and grinding machine tools with dual transmission systems rely on manual operation for transmission switching, which has low switching efficiency and poor positioning accuracy, and cannot meet the production needs of high-precision batch processing. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the present invention adopts the following technical solution: A transmission switching component for an integrated milling and grinding machine tool includes: The sliding base has a motor installed at its upper end; The rack is connected to the machine tool base; The gear is connected to the free end of the motor; Limiting guide plates are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the lower end of the sliding seat; A locking / unlocking unit is disposed on the side of the gear; Under the action of the locking and disengaging unit, at least one of the gear and rack can move along the length direction of the limiting guide plate, so that the gear and rack move closer to or further away from each other; A photoelectric sensor switch detects the separation and engagement positions of the rack and gear, and is electrically connected to the CNC system.

[0005] Furthermore, the locking and disengaging unit includes a telescopic component and a push rod. The free end of the push rod is connected to the sliding seat. Under the action of the telescopic component, the push rod drives the sliding seat and the motor to move horizontally and laterally, so that the gear and rack engage or disengage.

[0006] Furthermore, the telescopic component includes a cylinder or a hydraulic cylinder.

[0007] Furthermore, the limiting guide plate has a groove along its length on the side near the sliding seat, and the sliding seat has a protruding ridge that can cooperate with the groove.

[0008] Furthermore, a speed reducer is installed on the sliding seat, and the motor is connected to the gear through the speed reducer.

[0009] Furthermore, the limiting guide plate has several through holes along its length, and the limiting guide plate can be fixed to the lower end of the workpiece stage by fasteners engaging with the through holes.

[0010] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: The transmission switching component of this application, under milling conditions, utilizes gear / rack meshing transmission with continuous pressure holding to ensure the rigidity and stability of the transmission, meeting the high load requirements of milling. Simultaneously, under grinding conditions, the hydraulic cylinder transmission system drives the workpiece table to move smoothly, meeting the precision requirements of grinding. This technical solution features a compact overall structure, significantly improving the machining accuracy and adaptability of machine tools. The entire switching process requires no manual intervention, has high positioning accuracy, and effectively improves the machining quality and production efficiency of machine tools. Attached Figure Description

[0011] Figure 1 A three-dimensional structural diagram of a milling and grinding integrated machine tool according to a specific embodiment (view 1); Figure 2 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of a milling and grinding integrated machine tool according to a specific embodiment (view 2); Figure 3 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the machine tool base and workpiece table in a specific embodiment (state one); Figure 4 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the machine tool base and workpiece table in a specific embodiment (state two); Figure 5 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the machine tool base in a specific embodiment; Figure 6 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the transmission switching component assembled on the workpiece stage in a specific embodiment. Figure 7 for Figure 6 A magnified view of a section at point A in the middle; Figure 8 This is a partial structural diagram of the transmission switching component assembled on the workpiece stage in a specific embodiment; Figure 9 This is an exploded structural diagram of the transmission switching component and the workpiece stage in a specific embodiment; Figure 10 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the transmission switching component in a specific embodiment (view 1); Figure 11 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the transmission switching component in a specific embodiment (view 2). The reference numerals in the accompanying drawings include: Transmission switching assembly 1, sliding seat 10, motor 11, reducer 12, rack 13, gear 14, limit guide plate 15, groove 150, locking and separating unit 2, telescopic component 20, push rod 21, photoelectric sensor switch 22, machine tool base 3, slide rail 30, reading head 31, workpiece table 4, piston rod 50, hydraulic cylinder body 51, column 60, crossbeam 61, grinding head mechanism 70, milling head mechanism 71, slide plate 72, lifting drive assembly 8. Detailed Implementation

[0012] To enable those skilled in the art to better understand the present invention, the technical solution of the present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0013] The accompanying drawings are for illustrative purposes only and are schematic diagrams, not actual images. They should not be construed as limiting the scope of this patent. To better illustrate the embodiments of the present invention, some components in the drawings may be omitted, enlarged, or reduced, and do not represent the actual dimensions of the product. It is understandable to those skilled in the art that some well-known structures and their descriptions may be omitted in the drawings. The same or similar reference numerals in the drawings of the embodiments of the present invention correspond to the same or similar components.

[0014] like Figure 1 - Figure 11 As shown, the milling and grinding integrated machine tool of the present invention includes a pair of columns 60, a crossbeam 61, a machine tool base 3, a workpiece table 4, a grinding head mechanism 70, a milling head mechanism 71, a hydraulic cylinder transmission system, and a transmission switching component 1; The crossbeam 61 is horizontally mounted on the top of the column 60, the machine tool base 3 is fixed on the ground between the columns 60, and the workpiece table 4 is slidably connected to the slide rail 30 of the machine tool base 3, and can reciprocate along the slide rail 30 under the action of the hydraulic cylinder transmission system. The column 60 and the crossbeam 61 are combined to form a gantry frame, and the grinding head mechanism 70 and the milling head mechanism 71 are installed on the gantry frame.

[0015] Among them, the grinding head mechanism 70 and the milling head mechanism 71 are connected to the side of the crossbeam 61 by the slide plate 72. The slide plate 72 can slide horizontally along the guide rail of the crossbeam 61. The grinding head mechanism 70 and the milling head mechanism 71 are equipped with lifting drive components 8, which can realize the up and down movement relative to the workpiece table 4. like Figure 6 - Figure 11 As shown, the transmission switching assembly 1 specifically includes a sliding seat 10, a rack 13, a gear 14, a limit guide plate 15, a photoelectric sensor switch 22, and a locking / unlocking unit 2; The sliding seat 10 is located below the workpiece stage 4, and the workpiece stage 4 has mounting holes slightly larger than the outer diameter of the motor 11. Figure 9 As shown.

[0016] The rack 13 is fixed to the slide rail 30 of the machine tool base 3 by bolts, and the gear 14 is installed at the bottom of the workpiece table 4 by the sliding seat 10.

[0017] like Figure 11 As shown, a reducer 12 is mounted on the sliding seat 10, and the motor 11 is a servo motor 11, which is connected to the shaft of the gear 14 through the reducer 12.

[0018] The locking / unlocking unit 2 is located on the side of the gear 14; Under the action of the locking and disengaging unit 2, at least one of the gear 14 and rack 13 can move along the length direction of the limiting guide plate 15 so that the gear 14 and rack 13 move closer to or further away from each other. Among them, the photoelectric sensor switch 22 consists of three sets of diffuse reflection photoelectric switches, which are respectively installed at the switching point position of the machine tool base 3, the gear 14 engagement detection position, and the gear 14 disengagement detection position. All are electrically connected to the CNC system of the machine tool. Figure 4 , Figure 11 As shown.

[0019] like Figure 5 , Figure 6 As shown, the cylinder body 51 of the hydraulic cylinder transmission system is hinged to the bottom of the workpiece table 4, and the piston rod 50 is hinged to the machine tool base 3. Specifically, the locking and unlocking unit 2 includes a telescopic member 20 and a push rod 21. The free end of the push rod 21 is connected to the sliding seat 10. Under the action of the telescopic member 20, the push rod 21 drives the sliding seat 10 and the motor 11 to move horizontally, causing the gear 14 and the rack 13 to mesh or disengage. Figure 8 As shown.

[0020] In this embodiment, the transmission switching component 1, under milling conditions, utilizes the meshing transmission of gear 14 / rack 13 and maintains continuous pressure, ensuring the rigidity and stability of the transmission and meeting the high load requirements of milling. Simultaneously, under grinding conditions, the hydraulic cylinder transmission system drives the workpiece table 4 to move smoothly, meeting the precision requirements of grinding.

[0021] Additionally, the limiting guide plates 15 are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the lower end of the sliding seat 10. At the location where the transmission switching assembly 1 is installed, the bottom of the workpiece table 4, together with the two parallel limiting guide plates 15, forms a cavity that can accommodate the sliding seat 10, allowing the sliding seat 10 to slide horizontally within this cavity. To ensure that the sliding seat 10 can slide smoothly and evenly within the cavity after being engaged / disengaged by the locking / unlocking unit 2, preventing jamming, a groove 150 is formed along the length of the limiting guide plate 15 near the sliding seat 10. A protruding ridge (not shown) is formed on the sliding seat 10 that mates with the groove 150. Lubricant is applied to the gap between the protruding ridge and the groove 150.

[0022] Specifically, the limiting guide plate 15 has several through holes along its length. The limiting guide plate 15 can be fixed to the lower end of the workpiece stage 4 by fasteners engaging with the through holes. The limiting guide plate 15 is fixed to the bottom of the workpiece stage 4 by the above-mentioned fastening structure.

[0023] A magnetic scale is installed at the bottom of the workpiece stage 4, and its reading head 31 is mounted on the machine tool base 3 for real-time acquisition of the displacement data of the workpiece stage 4, such as... Figure 5 As shown.

[0024] When milling is required, the CNC system issues a milling command, the hydraulic cylinder pushes the workpiece table to move the 4-way switching point position, and the magnetic scale feeds the displacement data back to the CNC system in real time. like Figure 3 , Figure 4 As shown, when the workpiece table 4 moves to the switching point, the photoelectric sensor switch 22 at the switching point is triggered and sends a positioning completion signal. After the CNC system receives the signal, the telescopic component 20 of the locking and separating unit 2 moves, causing the push rod 21 to drive the gear 14 to mesh with the rack 13. The photoelectric sensor switch 22 at the meshing detection position identifies the meshing completion and sends a signal. Subsequently, the CNC system switches the drive mode and starts the servo motor 11. The servo motor 11 drives the gear 14 to rotate, which in turn drives the workpiece table 4 to move back and forth along the rack 13. At the same time, the milling head mechanism 71 slides along the crossbeam 61 to the machining station and descends to the preset machining height under the drive of the servo electric cylinder to start the milling process.

[0025] When it is necessary to switch to grinding, the CNC system issues a grinding command, the servo motor 11 drives the gear 14 to rotate, and moves the workpiece table 4 to the switching point position. At the same time, the magnetic scale provides real-time feedback of displacement data. When the workpiece stage 4 reaches the switching point, the photoelectric sensor switch 22 at the switching point is triggered and sends a signal to the CNC system. The CNC system controls the push rod 21 of the locking / disengaging unit 2 to retract, causing the gear 14 and rack 13 to completely disengage. The photoelectric sensor switch 22 at the separation detection position identifies the separation and sends a signal after it is completed. The photoelectric sensor switch 22 detects the position of the gear 14 / rack 13 and is respectively set at the maximum stroke of the sliding seat 10 on the left and right sides during lateral movement.

[0026] Subsequently, the CNC system controls the hydraulic cylinder transmission system to start, and drives the workpiece table 4 to reciprocate through the hydraulic cylinder. At the same time, the grinding head mechanism 70 slides along the crossbeam 61 to the machining station and descends to the machining height to start the grinding process.

[0027] In this embodiment, the telescopic component 20 is actually constructed by installing a hydraulic cylinder at the bottom of the workpiece table 4 to form a hydraulic system. An accumulator continuously supplies oil to the hydraulic drive cylinder to maintain a constant pressure and eliminate the meshing gap between the gear 14 and the rack 13.

[0028] The telescopic component 20 in the embodiments is not limited to the described situation. It may also have other alternatives, such as using a cylinder, screw or other structure with telescopic function.

[0029] This technical solution integrates the milling head mechanism 71 and the grinding head mechanism 70 on the gantry, realizing integrated CNC machining of milling and grinding processes, reducing the number of workpiece clamping times and transfer time; By setting up two transmission systems—gear 14 / rack 13 and hydraulic cylinder—and combining them with transmission switching component 1, magnetic scale, and photoelectric sensor switch 22, the fully automatic and precise switching of the entire transmission system is achieved.

[0030] This technical solution features a compact overall structure, significantly improving the machining accuracy and adaptability of machine tools. The entire switching process requires no manual intervention, has high positioning accuracy, and effectively improves the machining quality and production efficiency of machine tools.

[0031] It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make several modifications and improvements without departing from the structure of the present invention, and these should also be considered within the scope of protection of the present invention. These modifications and improvements will not affect the effectiveness of the implementation of the present invention or the practicality of the patent.

Claims

1. A transmission switching component for a milling and grinding integrated machine tool, characterized in that, include: A sliding seat (10) has a motor (11) installed at its upper end; The rack (13) is connected to the machine tool base (3); Gear (14) is connected to the free end of motor (11); Limiting guide plates (15) are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the lower end of the sliding seat (10); A locking / unlocking unit (2) is disposed on the side of the gear (14); Under the action of the locking and disengaging unit (2), at least one of the gear (14) and rack (13) can move along the length direction of the limiting guide plate (15) so that the gear (14) and rack move closer to or further away from each other; The photoelectric sensor switch (22) detects the separation and engagement positions of the rack and gear (14) and is electrically connected to the CNC system.

2. The transmission switching assembly of a milling and grinding integrated machine tool as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The locking and disengaging unit (2) includes a telescopic member (20) and a push rod (21). The free end of the push rod (21) is connected to the sliding seat (10). Under the action of the telescopic member (20), the push rod (21) drives the sliding seat (10) to move laterally, so that the gear (14) and rack mesh or disengage.

3. The transmission switching assembly of a milling and grinding integrated machine tool as described in claim 2, characterized in that: The telescopic component (20) includes a cylinder or a hydraulic cylinder.

4. The transmission switching assembly of a milling and grinding integrated machine tool as described in claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The limiting guide plate (15) has a groove (150) along its length on the side near the sliding seat (10), and the sliding seat (10) has a protruding ridge that can cooperate with the groove (150).

5. The transmission switching assembly of a milling and grinding integrated machine tool as described in claim 1, characterized in that: A reducer (12) is installed on the sliding seat (10), and the motor (11) is connected to the gear (14) through the reducer (12).

6. The transmission switching assembly of a milling and grinding integrated machine tool as described in claim 5, characterized in that: The limiting guide plate (15) has several through holes along its length. The limiting guide plate (15) can be fixed to the lower end of the workpiece stage (4) by fasteners cooperating with the through holes.

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