Hydrogel-resin composite material as well as preparation method and application thereof

Abstract

The invention discloses a hydrogel-resin composite material and a preparation method and application thereof.The hydrogel-resin composite material is composed of a core layer, an isolation layer wrapping the core layer and a resin wrapping layer wrapping the isolation layer, the core layer is composed of hydrogel, the maximum linear length of at least one surface of the hydrogel is larger than or equal to 2 cm, and the maximum linear length of at least one surface of the hydrogel is larger than or equal to 2 cm. The surface flatness is less than or equal to 0.05 mm, the isolation layer is made of a high polymer material film, the resin coating layer is made of a resin material, and the isolation layer and the resin coating layer are transparent. The hydrogel-resin composite material disclosed by the invention has the advantages of high light transmittance, high strength, strong microwave absorption capability, low density, low heat conductivity coefficient, easiness in regulation and control of performance and the like, and is simple in structural design, simple and feasible in preparation method, low in cost and wide in application.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of composite material technology, and relates to hydrogel-resin composite materials, their preparation methods and applications, specifically to transparent hydrogel-resin composite materials with an integrated nested encapsulation structure, their preparation methods and applications. Background Technology

[0002] Glass is a fundamental material for both daily life and specialized protective applications, possessing excellent light transmittance and high strength. However, its applications present several challenges. For instance, its high thermal conductivity (0.8–1.2 W / (m·K)) results in poor energy insulation in civil buildings and limited infrared stealth capabilities in specialized protective structures. Furthermore, glass's low dielectric constant allows microwaves to easily penetrate, creating electromagnetic interference that compromises electromagnetic information security and the normal operation of electromagnetic equipment. To address the high thermal conductivity issue, double-layer vacuum glass technology is commonly employed. To overcome the wave transmission problem, indium tin oxide (ITO) coating is typically used. However, these processes suffer from high costs, heavy products, and difficulties in manufacturing irregularly shaped parts, severely limiting their application scope. Therefore, it is necessary to develop new materials to replace glass.

[0003] During the research and development process, the applicant discovered that hydrogels are a novel type of water-containing gel-like polymer material with excellent light transmittance and flexibility. Their aqueous systems can support various functional additives, enabling diverse functionalities, and their shapes can be customized, facilitating the fabrication of irregularly shaped components. However, the strength of current hydrogels is generally in the kilopascal range, which cannot meet the requirements of applications with higher strength requirements (such as the construction industry). Furthermore, the water in hydrogels easily evaporates in the air over long periods, weakening or even eliminating relevant properties; this is a major pain point in the application of hydrogels in engineering. In addition, when preparing hydrogels with a diameter greater than 2 cm using traditional methods, uncontrollable unevenness and wrinkles often appear on the hydrogel surface, with random and irreversible positions and morphologies, making it difficult to replace glass. Therefore, how to make hydrogels a potential alternative to glass is a crucial problem that needs to be solved. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to overcome the shortcomings of the prior art and provide a hydrogel-resin composite material that simultaneously has high light transmittance, high strength, strong microwave absorption performance, low heat transfer coefficient and low density. It also provides a method for preparing and applying the hydrogel-resin composite material that is simple in process, simple in structural design and low in cost.

[0005] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the present invention adopts the following technical solution.

[0006] A hydrogel-resin composite material, comprising a core layer, an isolation layer covering the core layer, and a resin coating layer covering the isolation layer, wherein the core layer is composed of hydrogel, at least one surface of the hydrogel has a maximum linear length ≥2cm and a surface flatness ≤0.05mm, the isolation layer is composed of a polymer film, the resin coating layer is composed of resin material, and both the isolation layer and the resin coating layer are transparent.

[0007] Preferably, in the above-mentioned hydrogel-resin composite material, the hydrogel has a transmittance of >90% at a visible light wavelength of 550nm, the polymer film has a transmittance of >90% and a thermal conductivity of <0.5W / (m·K) at a visible light wavelength of 550nm, and the resin material has a transmittance of >90% and a thermal conductivity of <0.3W / (m·K) at a visible light wavelength of 550nm.

[0008] Preferably, in the above-mentioned hydrogel-resin composite material, the surface area of ​​the surface is 3 cm². 2 ~30000cm 2 scope.

[0009] Preferably, in the above-mentioned hydrogel-resin composite material, the thickness of the core layer is 0.1cm to 0.5cm, the thickness of the isolation layer is less than 0.005cm, and the thickness of the resin coating layer is 0.1cm to 0.5cm; the length of the resin coating layer is 0.1cm to 0.5cm longer than the length of the core layer, and the width of the resin coating layer is 0.1cm to 0.5cm longer than the width of the core layer; and / or, the ratio of the thickness of the core layer to the thickness of the resin coating layer is 1:1.

[0010] In the above-mentioned hydrogel-resin composite material, preferably, the isolation layer covers at least the top and side surfaces of the core layer, and the resin coating layer is a full coating.

[0011] Preferably, the hydrogel in the above-mentioned hydrogel-resin composite material is one or more of sodium alginate hydrogel, chitosan hydrogel, polyethylene glycol hydrogel, acrylic hydrogel, acrylamide hydrogel, N-isopropylacrylamide hydrogel, N-isopropylacrylamide hydrogel, methacrylate hydrogel, acrylate hydrogel and 2-(2-methacryloyloxy)ethyl 3-oxobutyrate hydrogel.

[0012] Preferably, in the above-mentioned hydrogel-resin composite material, the polymer film is a film made of polymer material, which includes one or more of polyethylene, polypropylene, polyvinyl chloride, polyester, ion-bonded resin and ethylene acetate.

[0013] Preferably, the above-mentioned hydrogel-resin composite material includes one or more of epoxy resin, polyurethane resin, phenolic resin, modified epoxy resin (such as rubber-toughened epoxy resin, nanofiller modified epoxy resin), modified polyurethane resin (such as polyester-modified polyurethane resin), and modified phenolic resin (phosphorus-based flame-retardant modified phenolic resin).

[0014] Preferably, the hydrogel-resin composite material described above has a plate-like structure or an irregular structure.

[0015] As a general technical concept, the present invention also provides a method for preparing the above-mentioned hydrogel-resin composite material, comprising the following steps:

[0016] S1. Preparation of hydrogel: Water, hydrogel monomer, crosslinking agent, initiator and additives are mixed and stirred thoroughly, and then poured into the first mold. The humidity inside the first mold is controlled at 70% to 85%, and the water vapor pressure is 2 kPa to 10 kPa. Then, ultraviolet light is irradiated to obtain hydrogel.

[0017] S2, core layer encapsulation with isolation layer: using the hydrogel obtained in step S1 as the core layer, a polymer material film is wrapped around the hydrogel using vacuum lamination bonding technology to form an isolation layer on the outside of the hydrogel, thus obtaining a plastic-encapsulated hydrogel core layer.

[0018] S3. Molding of hydrogel-resin composite material: Coat the bottom of the second mold with resin material, let it stand and cure to form a resin bottom layer, place the encapsulated hydrogel core layer obtained in step S2 on the resin bottom layer, and then pour the resin material onto the encapsulated hydrogel core layer until the resin material immerses the encapsulated hydrogel core layer. After standing and curing, demold to form a resin coating layer covering the encapsulated hydrogel core layer, thus obtaining the hydrogel-resin composite material.

[0019] In the preferred method for preparing the above-mentioned hydrogel-resin composite material, in step S1, the total amount of raw materials is 100%, and by mass fraction, the hydrogel monomer is 10%–20%, the crosslinking agent is 0.5%–3%, the initiator is 0.5%–2%, the additives are 0.1%–2%, and the balance is water; the intensity of the ultraviolet light is 1 mW / cm². 2 ~10mW / cm 2 The ultraviolet light irradiation time is 1 min to 30 min.

[0020] In the above-mentioned method for preparing hydrogel-resin composite materials, preferably, in step S1, the hydrogel monomer includes one or more of sodium alginate, chitosan, polyethylene glycol, acrylic acid, acrylamide, N-isopropylacrylamide, methyl methacrylate, acrylate, and 2-(2-methacryloxy)ethyl 3-oxobutyrate.

[0021] The crosslinking agent includes one or more of glutaraldehyde, boric acid, zinc sulfate, and N,N'-methylenebisacrylamide;

[0022] The initiator includes one or more of potassium persulfate, ammonium persulfate, triphenylphosphine oxide, 2-hydroxy-4'-(2-hydroxyethoxy)-2-methylpropionylphenyl ketone, and α-ketoglutaric acid;

[0023] The additives include bio-based mechanical strengthening additives and additives for accelerating monomer crosslinking. The bio-based mechanical strengthening additives include one or more of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, cellulose nanofibers, and hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose. The additives for accelerating monomer crosslinking include one or more of glutaraldehyde, epichlorohydrin, N,N'-dimethylethylenediamine, cyclodextrin, and polyethyleneimine.

[0024] In the preferred embodiment of the above-mentioned method for preparing hydrogel-resin composite material, in step S2, the coating temperature of the vacuum coating bonding technology is 80℃~90℃, and the coating time is 2s~5s; in step S3, the inner cavity structure of the second mold includes a plate-like or irregular shape, and the static curing is carried out at room temperature and normal pressure, wherein the room temperature is 20℃~40℃, and the static curing time is 6h~12h.

[0025] As a general technical concept, the present invention also provides an application of the above-described hydrogel-resin composite material or the hydrogel-resin composite material prepared by the above-described preparation method in the fields of construction, electronic equipment, electromagnetic protection and thermal insulation.

[0026] In this invention, vacuum lamination technology refers to heating and softening a pre-placed polymer film using a vacuum lamination packaging machine. While the film is kept at a temperature (e.g., 80℃~90℃), the vacuum system of the vacuum lamination packaging machine causes the film and the substrate to fuse together under negative pressure.

[0027] The main innovation of this invention is as follows:

[0028] This invention is the first to employ an integrated nested encapsulation structure consisting of a hydrogel core layer, a transparent insulating layer, and a transparent resin coating layer. This integrated nested encapsulation structure features a unique multi-layered design and one-piece molding characteristics. The encapsulation structure provides a long-lasting and high-strength encapsulation effect for the embedded hydrogel core layer, extending the service life of the hydrogel by a thousandfold. Simultaneously, the synergistic effect of the embedded hydrogel and the encapsulating resin enhances the impact strength of the resin material, resulting in performance improvements of over 30% compared to single-resin components. The rigid encapsulation structure of this invention solves the common problems of low mechanical strength in hydrogels and the significant performance changes caused by hydrogels' tendency to lose water and dry.

[0029] The transparent isolation layer in the composite material of the present invention can effectively avoid the interfacial reaction between hydrogel and resin during the preparation process, improve the stability and durability of the material system, and make the light transmittance of the material comparable to that of glass.

[0030] This invention proposes for the first time a method that can significantly reduce wrinkles on the surface of hydrogels, applicable to the preparation of large-area hydrogels, while ensuring that their surfaces remain smooth.

[0031] Compared with the prior art, the advantages of the present invention are as follows:

[0032] 1. This invention employs an integrated nested encapsulation structure with seamless connectivity. This seamlessness reduces interfacial stress concentration and weaknesses, improving overall mechanical strength and durability, making it more capable of withstanding complex loads and environmental stresses. The material encapsulation of this invention is integrally molded, reducing voids and seams in the structure, resulting in better encapsulation of semi-solid hydrogels. Compared to adhesive-bonded structures, it offers higher safety and lower maintenance costs. Furthermore, the solution of this invention can obtain composite materials with higher strength than hydrogels, which is beneficial for broadening the practical application range of the material, especially in structural materials for buildings and equipment. The hydrogel-resin composite material of this invention simultaneously possesses high light transmittance, high strength, strong microwave absorption capacity, low thermal conductivity, and low density. Moreover, when the material is damaged, the strong adhesion of the hydrogel prevents resin fragments from falling off, thus ensuring high safety. The structural design and preparation process of this material are simple, making it suitable for large-scale manufacturing.

[0033] This invention successfully solves the problem of uncontrollable wrinkles that easily occur during the preparation of large-area hydrogels, effectively improving the appearance and quality consistency of hydrogels, and enhancing the functionality and application value of hydrogels.

[0034] 2. The solution of this invention can combine low thermal conductivity and low density polymer materials to achieve a composite material with low thermal conductivity and density (e.g., 1.25 g / cm³). 3It also makes full use of the flexibility of hydrogels, which is beneficial for the design and processing of irregular parts, and further broadens the practical application range of hydrogel-resin composite materials.

[0035] 3. In the hydrogel-resin composite material of the present invention, the hydrogel core layer can be flexibly replaced with different functional hydrogels, thereby giving the system a variety of application possibilities. In the present invention, by selecting different materials for the hydrogel core layer, different functions can be given to the structure while maintaining the integrity of the overall structure. For example, the aqueous system of hydrogel can store a large number of polar water molecules and conductive ions, and can obtain good microwave absorption capability while maintaining high light transmittance; combined with the excellent light-emitting properties of transparent, flexible, high-strength hydrogel and water-soluble carbon quantum dots, after being encapsulated with resin, it can be applied to transparent electronic devices, smart displays, etc.; combining integrated nested encapsulation with intelligent light-controlled hydrogel, changing its own light transmittance and color according to the change of response light, can be applied to smart windows, privacy windows, etc.; using the resistance heating and temperature sensor of hydrogel, intelligent temperature-controlled windows can be developed, which can adjust the heat preservation and light transmittance of the window by heating. In summary, the integrated nested encapsulation structure enables the composite material of this invention to meet different needs in various application scenarios. The hydrogel-resin composite material can comprehensively control its light transmittance, mechanical properties, microwave absorption properties, and other multifunctional integrated properties by adjusting the thickness of the hydrogel, moisture content, type of functional additives, or changing the type of functional hydrogel. Attached Figure Description

[0036] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the hydrogel-resin composite material structure of Embodiment 1 of the present invention, wherein (A) is a perspective view and (B) is a cross-sectional view.

[0037] Figure 2 This is a comparison chart of the light transmittance of the hydrogel-resin composite material of Example 1, the epoxy resin board of Comparative Example 1, and the ordinary glass of Comparative Example 2.

[0038] Figure 3 This is a comparison chart of the impact strength of the hydrogel-resin composite material of Example 1 and the epoxy resin sheet of Comparative Example 1.

[0039] Figure 4 The reflection loss diagrams for microwaves with frequencies from 1 GHz to 18 GHz are shown for the hydrogel-resin composite material of Example 1, the epoxy resin board of Comparative Example 1, and the ordinary glass of Comparative Example 2.

[0040] Figure 5 This is a comparison chart of the thermal insulation performance of the hydrogel-resin composite material of Example 1, the epoxy resin board of Comparative Example 1, and the ordinary glass of Comparative Example 2.

[0041] Figure 6 This is a comparison chart of the experimental results of heat release rate (A) and total heat release (B) of the hydrogel-resin composite material of Example 1 and the epoxy resin sheet of Comparative Example 1.

[0042] Legend:

[0043] 1. Core layer; 2. Isolation layer; 3. Resin coating layer. Detailed Implementation

[0044] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific preferred embodiments, but this does not limit the scope of protection of the present invention. The materials and instruments used in the following embodiments are commercially available. The room temperature in the following embodiments is typically between 20°C and 40°C. The flatness test method can be found in ISO 1101-2004.

[0045] Example 1

[0046] A hydrogel-resin composite material of the present invention, such as Figure 1 As shown, the structure consists of a core layer 1, an isolation layer 2 covering the core layer, and a resin coating layer 3 covering the isolation layer 2, from the inside out. The isolation layer 2 completely covers the core layer 1, or it can only cover the top and sides of the core layer 1. The resin coating layer 3 completely covers the isolation layer 2. The core layer 1 is made of hydrogel, and the maximum linear length of at least one surface of the hydrogel is ≥2cm. In this embodiment, the hydrogel is cuboid in shape, with dimensions of 17.8cm long × 17.8cm wide × 0.333cm thick. The surface of the hydrogel is uniform, without obvious wrinkles or undulations, and the deviation between the highest and lowest points within the horizontal area does not exceed 0.05mm (flatness ≤0.05mm). The isolation layer 2 is made of a polymer film, and the resin coating layer 3 is made of resin material. Both the isolation layer 2 and the resin coating layer 3 are transparent.

[0047] In this embodiment, the hydrogel is an acrylamide hydrogel, the polymer film is a polyethylene film, and the resin coating layer 3 is an epoxy resin coating layer. The acrylamide hydrogel has a transmittance of 93% at a visible light wavelength of 550 nm, the polyethylene film has a transmittance of 95% at a visible light wavelength of 550 nm and a thermal conductivity of 0.33 W / (m·K), and the epoxy resin coating layer has a transmittance of 91% at a visible light wavelength of 550 nm and a thermal conductivity of 0.22 W / (m·K).

[0048] In this embodiment, the core layer 1 has a thickness of 0.333 cm, the isolation layer 2 (polymer film) has a thickness h of 0.001 cm, the resin coating layer 3 has a thickness H of 0.333 cm, the length of the resin coating layer 3 is 0.2 cm longer than the length of the core layer 1, the width of the resin coating layer 3 is 0.2 cm longer than the width of the hydrogel, the total thickness of the hydrogel-resin composite material is 1 cm, and the three-dimensional dimensions of the hydrogel-resin composite material are 18 cm × 18 cm × 1 cm, forming a plate-like structure.

[0049] A method for preparing a hydrogel-resin composite material according to this embodiment includes the following steps:

[0050] S1. Preparation of hydrogel: Sodium carboxymethyl cellulose was dissolved in water, and acrylamide, N,N'-dimethylethylenediamine, N,N'-methylenebisacrylamide, and ammonium persulfate were added. The mixture was stirred until homogeneous and then poured into a first mold (the inner cavity of the mold is a cuboid). The air humidity inside the first mold was controlled at 72% and the water vapor pressure at 4.1 kPa at room temperature (nitrogen or water vapor can be introduced for pressurization, but this is not limited to these methods). Then, the mold was irradiated with ultraviolet light for 15 minutes. The wavelength of the ultraviolet light was 365 nm and the intensity was 2 mW / cm². 2 The gelation process is completed to obtain an acrylamide hydrogel with a smooth surface, no wrinkles, and no pores. The hydrogel comprises, by mass fraction (100% of total raw materials), 15 wt% acrylamide, 1 wt% N,N'-methylenebisacrylamide, 1 wt% ammonium persulfate, 0.2 wt% sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, 0.16 wt% N,N'-dimethylethylenediamine, and the balance being water.

[0051] S2, Isolation layer 2 encapsulates core layer 1: Using the acrylamide hydrogel obtained in step S1 as core layer 1, a vacuum lamination and skin packaging technology is used to heat a polyethylene film at 80°C using a vacuum skin packaging machine (such as Boxfresh DQ320VST, but not limited to this). Then, the hydrogel core layer is wrapped within 5 seconds, that is, the hydrogel core layer is wrapped with a polyethylene film. This wrapping can be done by fully wrapping the core layer 1, or only wrapping the top and sides of the core layer 1. An isolation layer 2 is formed outside the hydrogel core layer to complete the encapsulation and obtain a plastic-sealed hydrogel core layer.

[0052] S3. Molding of hydrogel-resin composite material: 136g of epoxy resin is coated on the bottom of the second mold (the inner cavity structure of the mold is a cuboid, i.e., plate-shaped). It is left to cure at room temperature and normal pressure for 6 hours to form a resin bottom layer with a thickness of 0.333cm. Then, the encapsulated hydrogel core layer (about 110g) is placed on the resin bottom layer to ensure a stable fit. Then, 156g of epoxy resin is poured evenly onto the encapsulated hydrogel core layer. The resin material is immersed in the encapsulated hydrogel core layer (the degree of immersion is equal to the thickness of the resin cover layer = the thickness of the resin bottom layer). It is left to cure at room temperature and normal pressure for 6 hours. After the resin is completely cured, it is demolded to form a resin coating layer 3 covering the encapsulated hydrogel core layer, thus obtaining the hydrogel-resin composite material.

[0053] The density of the hydrogel-resin composite material in this embodiment was tested to be 1.25 g / cm³. 3 In contrast, the density of glass is 2.44 g / cm³. 3 Under the same size conditions, the hydrogel-resin composite material of the present invention has a significant quality advantage, effectively reducing the overall weight of the material and improving its applicability in lightweight applications. Furthermore, thermal conductivity test results show that the thermal conductivity of the hydrogel-resin composite material of this embodiment is 0.27 W / (m·K), far lower than the thermal conductivity of glass (0.88 W / (m·K). This result indicates that the hydrogel-resin composite material of the present invention has a significant advantage in thermal insulation performance.

[0054] The hydrogel-resin composite material prepared in this embodiment can be applied in the fields of construction, electronic equipment, electromagnetic protection, and thermal insulation.

[0055] Comparative Example 1

[0056] An epoxy resin board is a board with three dimensions of 18cm in length × 18cm in width × 1cm in thickness, cast from epoxy resin.

[0057] Comparative Example 2

[0058] Commercially available ordinary glass has three dimensions: 18cm long × 18cm wide × 1cm thick.

[0059] Comparative Example 3

[0060] A hydrogel-resin composite material is prepared in a manner that is basically the same as that in Example 1, except that the isolation layer 2 coating process in step S2 is not included.

[0061] Performance test results:

[0062] The light transmittance of the hydrogel-resin composite material of Example 1, the epoxy resin board of Comparative Example 1, the ordinary glass of Comparative Example 2, and the hydrogel-resin composite material of Comparative Example 3 were tested. The results are as follows: Figure 2 As shown. At a visible light wavelength of 550 nm, the transmittance of the hydrogel-resin composite material of Example 1 was 90.3%, the transmittance of the epoxy resin sheet of Comparative Example 1 was 90.8%, the transmittance of the ordinary glass of Comparative Example 2 was 88.9%, and the transmittance of the hydrogel-resin composite material of Comparative Example 3 was 66.8%. In comparison, Example 1 significantly improved the transmittance. The above results indicate that the transparent polymer film in Example 1 effectively blocks the interaction between the hydrogel and the resin in its structure, thereby reducing compatibility problems that may lead to light scattering at the interface. In addition, the transmittance of Example 1 still maintains a high level compared with the epoxy resin sheet (Comparative Example 1) and the ordinary glass (Comparative Example 2), indicating that it has excellent performance in maintaining the transparency of the material.

[0063] The mechanical impact strength of the hydrogel-resin composite material of Example 1 and the epoxy resin sheet of Comparative Example 1 were tested, and the results are as follows: Figure 3 As shown. The impact strength of the hydrogel-resin composite material in Example 1 is 1.838 kJ / m. 2 The impact strength of the epoxy resin sheet in Comparative Example 1 is 1.405 kJ / m. 2 The results showed that the mechanical strength of the hydrogel-resin composite material in Example 1 was increased by 31%.

[0064] The microwave absorption properties of the hydrogel-resin composite material of Example 1, the epoxy resin board of Comparative Example 1, and the ordinary glass of Comparative Example 2 were tested, and the results are as follows: Figure 4 As shown. The hydrogel-resin composite material of Example 1 has a maximum reflection loss of -10.7 dB for microwaves in the 1 GHz to 18 GHz frequency range, the epoxy resin board of Comparative Example 1 has a maximum reflection loss of -2.4 dB for microwaves in the 1 GHz to 18 GHz frequency range, and the ordinary glass of Comparative Example 2 has a maximum reflection loss of -3.7 dB for microwaves in the 1 GHz to 18 GHz frequency range. The results show that Example 1 has superior microwave absorption performance, and the nested encapsulation of hydrogel plays an important role.

[0065] The thermal insulation performance of the hydrogel-resin composite material of Example 1, the epoxy resin board of Comparative Example 1, and the ordinary glass of Comparative Example 2 was tested. The experiment included two aluminum blocks, one above the other, simulating outdoor (Sp1) and indoor (Sp3) temperatures, respectively. The middle interlayer (Sp2) represented the window material, and was replaced with ordinary glass, epoxy resin board, and hydrogel-resin composite material for thermal insulation performance testing. By monitoring the temperature change of Sp3, the effectiveness of different materials in blocking heat transfer from Sp1 was evaluated to compare their thermal insulation performance. The results are as follows: Figure 5As shown in the figure, when the hydrogel-resin composite material of Example 1 was used as a light-transmitting and heat-insulating window, the indoor temperature was 27.2°C when the simulated ambient temperature was 38.1°C (achieved by irradiating an aluminum block with an infrared lamp), with a temperature difference of 10.9°C. In comparison, the temperature differences between the epoxy resin board of Comparative Example 1 and the ordinary glass of Comparative Example 2 were 7.9°C and 6.6°C, respectively. The results indicate that the hydrogel-resin composite material of Example 1 exhibits superior heat insulation performance in windows.

[0066] The hydrogel-resin composite material of Example 1 and the epoxy resin sheet of Comparative Example 1 were tested for flame retardancy, and the results are as follows: Figure 6 (A) and Figure 6 As shown in (B), the peak heat release rate of the hydrogel-resin composite material in Example 1 is 230 kW / m³. 2 The peak total heat release was 83 MJ / m 2 The peak heat release rate of the epoxy resin board in Comparative Example 1 was 353 kW / m². 2 The peak total heat release was 114 MJ / m³. 2 The results showed that Example 1 had superior flame retardant properties.

[0067] Example 2

[0068] A hydrogel-resin composite material of the present invention is basically the same as that in Example 1, except that the hydrogel is in the shape of a cuboid, the size of the hydrogel is 50cm long × 50cm wide × 0.5cm thick, and the flatness of the surface is ≤0.05mm.

[0069] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention in any way. Although the present invention has been disclosed above with reference to preferred embodiments, it is not intended to limit the present invention. Any person skilled in the art can make many possible variations and modifications to the technical solutions of the present invention using the methods and techniques disclosed above, or modify them into equivalent embodiments with equivalent changes, without departing from the spirit and technical essence of the present invention. Therefore, any simple modifications, equivalent substitutions, equivalent changes, and modifications made to the above embodiments based on the technical essence of the present invention without departing from the content of the technical solutions of the present invention shall still fall within the protection scope of the technical solutions of the present invention.

Claims

1. A hydrogel-resin composite material, characterized by, The hydrogel-resin composite material is composed of a core layer (1), an isolation layer (2) covering the core layer (1), and a resin covering layer (3) covering the isolation layer (2), the core layer (1) is composed of a hydrogel, the maximum linear length of at least one surface of the hydrogel is greater than or equal to 2 cm, and the flatness of the surface is less than or equal to 0.05 mm, the isolation layer (2) is composed of a high polymer material film, and the resin covering layer (3) is composed of a resin material, the isolation layer (2) and the resin covering layer (3) are transparent.

2. The hydrogel-resin composite of claim 1, wherein The light transmittance of the hydrogel at a visible light wavelength of 550 nm is greater than 90%, the light transmittance of the high polymer material film at a visible light wavelength of 550 nm is greater than 90% and the thermal conductivity coefficient is less than 0.5 W / (m·K), and the light transmittance of the resin material at a visible light wavelength of 550 nm is greater than 90% and the thermal conductivity coefficient is less than 0.3 W / (m·K).

3. The hydrogel-resin composite of claim 1, wherein The surface area of the surface is in the range of 3 cm 2 ~ 30000 cm 2 range.

4. The hydrogel-resin composite according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein The thickness of the core layer (1) is 0.1 cm to 0.5 cm, the thickness of the isolation layer (2) is less than 0.005 cm, and the thickness of the resin covering layer (3) is 0.1 cm to 0.5 cm; the length of the resin covering layer (3) is 0.1 cm to 0.5 cm longer than the length of the core layer (1), the width of the resin covering layer (3) is 0.1 cm to 0.5 cm longer than the width of the core layer (1); and / or, the ratio of the thickness of the core layer (1) to the thickness of the resin covering layer (3) is 1:

1.

5. The hydrogel-resin composite according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein The isolation layer (2) at least covers the top surface and the side surface of the core layer (1), and the resin covering layer (3) is fully covered. And / or, the hydrogel is one or more of sodium alginate hydrogel, chitosan hydrogel, polyethylene glycol hydrogel, acrylic acid hydrogel, acrylamide hydrogel, N-isopropyl acrylamide hydrogel, N-isopropyl acrylamide hydrogel, methacrylate hydrogel, acrylate hydrogel, and 3-oxobutyric acid 2-(2-methacryloyloxy) ethyl ester hydrogel. And / or, the high polymer material film is a film made of a high polymer material, and the high polymer material includes one or more of polyethylene, polypropylene, polyvinyl chloride, polyester, ionic bond resin, and ethyl acetate. And / or, the resin material includes one or more of epoxy resin, polyurethane resin, phenolic resin, modified epoxy resin, modified polyurethane resin, and modified phenolic resin. And / or, the structure of the hydrogel-resin composite material is a plate structure or a special-shaped structure.

6. A method for producing the hydrogel-resin composite material according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized by, The method comprises the following steps: S1, preparation of a hydrogel: mixing water, hydrogel monomers, a crosslinking agent, an initiator, and an auxiliary agent, and fully stirring, injecting into a first mold, controlling the humidity in the first mold to be 70% to 85%, the water vapor pressure to be 2 kPa to 10 kPa, and then performing ultraviolet light irradiation to obtain a hydrogel; S2, encapsulating the core layer (1) with the isolation layer (2): using the hydrogel obtained in step S1 as the core layer (1), covering the hydrogel with a high polymer material film by using a vacuum film coating technology, forming an isolation layer (2) outside the hydrogel, and obtaining a plastic-encapsulated hydrogel core layer. S3, hydrogel-resin composite material forming: coating resin material on the bottom of the second mold, after standing and curing, forming a resin bottom layer, placing the plastic encapsulated hydrogel core layer obtained in step S2 on the resin bottom layer, pouring resin material onto the plastic encapsulated hydrogel core layer until the resin material immerses the plastic encapsulated hydrogel core layer, after standing and curing, demolding, forming a resin coating layer (3) covering the plastic encapsulated hydrogel core layer, obtaining a hydrogel-resin composite material.

7. The method for producing a hydrogel-resin composite material according to claim 6, wherein In step S1, the hydrogel monomer is 10% to 20%, the crosslinking agent is 0.5% to 3%, the initiator is 0.5% to 2%, and the auxiliary agent is 0.1% to 2%, all by mass fraction, with the balance being water, based on 100% of the total amount of raw materials; the intensity of the ultraviolet light is 1 mW / cm 2 to 10 mW / cm 2 ; and the ultraviolet light is irradiated for 1 min to 30 min.

8. The method for producing a hydrogel-resin composite material according to claim 7, wherein In step S1, the hydrogel monomer includes one or more of sodium alginate, chitosan, polyethylene glycol, acrylic acid, acrylamide, N-isopropyl acrylamide, methyl methacrylate, acrylate and 2-(2-methyl acryloyloxy) ethyl 3-oxobutanoate; The crosslinking agent includes one or more of glutaraldehyde, boric acid, zinc sulfate and N,N'-methylene bisacrylamide; The initiator includes one or more of potassium persulfate, ammonium persulfate, triphenylphosphine oxide, 2-hydroxy-4'-(2-hydroxyethoxy)-2-methylpropionophenone and alpha-ketoglutaric acid; The auxiliary agent includes a bio-based mechanical reinforcing auxiliary agent and an auxiliary agent for accelerating the crosslinking speed of monomers, the bio-based mechanical reinforcing auxiliary agent includes one or more of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, cellulose nanofiber and hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose, and the auxiliary agent for accelerating the crosslinking speed of monomers includes one or more of glutaraldehyde, epichlorohydrin, N,N'-dimethylethylenediamine, cyclodextrin and polyethyleneimine.

9. The method for producing a hydrogel-resin composite material according to any one of claims 6 to 8, characterized by, In step S2, the film temperature of the vacuum film covering technology is 80℃-90℃, and the film covering time is 2s-5s; in step S3, the inner cavity structure of the second mold includes a plate shape or a special shape, and the standing and curing is carried out at room temperature and normal pressure, the room temperature is 20℃-40℃, and the standing and curing time is 6h-12h.

10. The use of the hydrogel-resin composite material according to any one of claims 1-5 or the hydrogel-resin composite material prepared by the preparation method according to any one of claims 6-9 in the fields of building, electronic equipment, electromagnetic protection and thermal insulation.

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