Solid hydrogen storage thermal management system for hydrogen fuel cell vehicle based on digital twinning

Abstract

The invention provides a solid hydrogen storage thermal management system for a hydrogen fuel cell vehicle based on digital twinning, and belongs to the technical field of energy management of new energy vehicles. Comprises: constructing a first data set; the whole vehicle thermal management operation state acquisition module is used for continuously constructing a second data group after constructing the first data group; the digital twinning modeling and health state prediction module is used for constructing a heat-mass-reaction coupled digital twinning model and constructing a pulverization rate coefficient, an effective hydrogen storage capacity attenuation coefficient and a heat transfer performance degradation coefficient of the metal hydride material based on the first data set and the second data set; and the collaborative optimization control and risk suppression module is used for constructing a comprehensive health risk coefficient. The hydrogen supply stability can be guaranteed, meanwhile, additional heating energy consumption is reduced, and the heat energy utilization efficiency of the whole vehicle is improved; and meanwhile, the service life of the hydrogen storage tank is effectively prolonged by inhibiting pulverization, slowing down capacity attenuation and improving heat exchange conditions.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of energy management technology for new energy vehicles, and more specifically, to a solid-state hydrogen storage thermal management system for hydrogen fuel cell vehicles based on digital twins. Background Technology

[0002] Hydrogen fuel cell vehicles, as an important technological route for achieving low-carbon transportation and energy structure transformation, are gradually being applied to various transportation scenarios such as urban public transport, logistics transportation, and passenger cars. As one of the core components of hydrogen fuel cell vehicles, the safety, stability, and energy utilization efficiency of on-board hydrogen storage systems directly affect the overall vehicle's operating performance and service life. Metal hydride solid-state hydrogen storage technology, due to its advantages such as high volumetric hydrogen storage density, low operating pressure, and good inherent safety, is gradually becoming an important development direction for on-board hydrogen storage.

[0003] Metal hydride hydrogen storage materials exhibit significant heat absorption and release effects during hydrogen absorption and release. The hydrogen storage tank contains a complex heat-mass transfer coupling process. Under actual vehicle operating conditions, the hydrogen storage tank needs to continuously obtain a heat source to drive the hydrogen release reaction. However, the fuel cell stack generates a large amount of medium- and low-temperature waste heat during operation. Existing vehicle thermal management systems typically heat the hydrogen storage tank through independent heating equipment, while directly discharging the waste heat from the stack through a radiator. This results in low energy utilization efficiency and makes it difficult to achieve efficient coordination between waste heat and hydrogen release demand. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To overcome the above deficiencies, the present invention provides a solid-state hydrogen storage thermal management system for hydrogen fuel cell vehicles based on digital twins that overcomes or at least partially solves the above technical problems.

[0005] This invention is implemented as follows: This invention provides a solid-state hydrogen storage thermal management system for hydrogen fuel cell vehicles based on digital twins, comprising: The thermal-hydrogen coupling characteristic monitoring module is used to monitor the thermal-hydrogen coupling operation characteristics of the solid hydrogen storage tank and the whole vehicle thermal-hydrogen system in real time. It collects the heat flux density of the outer wall of the hydrogen storage tank, the transient heat flux difference between the inlet and outlet of the enhanced heat exchange channel, the instantaneous hydrogen release rate, the hydrogen flow fluctuation amplitude, and the pressure change rate of the reaction platform to construct the first data set. The vehicle thermal management operation status acquisition module is used to collect the operation status parameters of the fuel cell stack and vehicle thermal management system after constructing the first data group, including the waste heat output power of the stack, the flow change characteristics of the high temperature cooling circuit and the low temperature cooling circuit, the switching status of the multi-way valve group, and the fan speed change, to construct the second data group. The digital twin modeling and health status prediction module is used to construct a thermo-mass-reaction coupled digital twin model. It inputs data from the first and second data sets into the model and outputs predicted temperature field distribution, hydrogen concentration field distribution, and the solid-liquid interface position of the phase change material inside the hydrogen storage tank. Simultaneously, based on the first and second data sets, it constructs the pulverization rate coefficient of the metal hydride material. Effective hydrogen storage capacity decay coefficient and heat transfer performance degradation coefficient And generate a health status assessment result for the hydrogen storage tank; The collaborative optimization control and risk mitigation module is used for the pulverization rate coefficient of metal hydride materials. Effective hydrogen storage capacity decay coefficient and heat transfer performance degradation coefficient Construct a comprehensive health risk coefficient The system was optimized to correct control strategies and reduce the risks of local overheating, hydrogen supply fluctuations, and hydrogen leakage.

[0006] In a preferred embodiment, the heat-hydrogen coupling characteristic monitoring module includes a heat flux density acquisition unit for the outer wall of the hydrogen storage tank, a transient heat flux difference acquisition unit for the inlet and outlet of the enhanced heat exchange channel, a hydrogen instantaneous release rate acquisition unit, a hydrogen flow fluctuation amplitude acquisition unit, and a reaction platform pressure change rate acquisition unit. The heat flux density acquisition unit on the outer wall of the hydrogen storage tank is used to install a heat flux density sensor on the surface of the outer wall of the hydrogen storage tank, and to monitor the change of heat flux density on the outer wall of the hydrogen storage tank in real time using the heat flux density sensor, thereby obtaining the heat flux density on the outer wall of the hydrogen storage tank. The transient heat flux difference acquisition unit between the inlet and outlet of the enhanced heat exchange channel is used to install heat flux density sensors at the inlet and outlet positions of the enhanced heat exchange channel of the hydrogen storage tank, respectively. The heat flux density sensors collect heat flux data at the inlet and outlet in real time, and perform difference processing on the two to obtain the transient heat flux difference between the inlet and outlet of the enhanced heat exchange channel. The instantaneous hydrogen release rate acquisition unit is used to install a hydrogen mass flow sensor on the hydrogen outlet pipeline of the hydrogen storage tank. The mass flow sensor collects the hydrogen flow rate data passing through the pipeline in real time per unit time, thereby obtaining the instantaneous hydrogen release rate. The hydrogen flow fluctuation amplitude acquisition unit is used to continuously acquire hydrogen flow data based on the mass flow sensor installed on the hydrogen outlet pipeline of the hydrogen storage tank, and to perform statistical analysis on the flow data within a preset time window, extracting the difference between the maximum and minimum values ​​as the hydrogen flow fluctuation amplitude. The reaction platform pressure change rate acquisition unit is used to install pressure sensors in the reaction zone of the hydrogen storage tank or on the hydrogen output pipeline. The pressure sensors collect data on the change of hydrogen pressure over time during the reaction process in real time, and perform time difference processing on the collected pressure data to obtain the reaction platform pressure change rate, thereby constructing the first data set.

[0007] In a preferred embodiment, the vehicle thermal management operation status acquisition module includes a fuel cell waste heat output power acquisition unit, a flow rate change acquisition unit for high-temperature cooling circuit and low-temperature cooling circuit, a multi-way valve group switching status acquisition unit, and a fan speed change acquisition unit. The waste heat output power acquisition unit of the fuel cell stack is used to install temperature sensors and flow sensors on the inlet and outlet pipes of the high temperature cooling circuit of the hydrogen fuel cell stack, respectively. The temperature sensor monitors the temperature data when the cooling medium enters and leaves the hydrogen fuel cell stack, and the flow sensor monitors the flow data of the cooling medium. The waste heat power released by the stack is calculated based on the specific heat capacity, flow rate and temperature difference of the cooling medium, thereby obtaining the waste heat output power of the fuel cell stack. The flow rate change acquisition unit for the high-temperature cooling circuit and the low-temperature cooling circuit is used to install flow sensors on the pipelines of the high-temperature cooling circuit and the low-temperature cooling circuit respectively. The flow sensors collect the flow rate data of the cooling medium in each circuit in real time, and perform trend analysis on the continuously collected flow rate data to obtain the flow rate change of the high-temperature cooling circuit and the low-temperature cooling circuit. The multi-way valve group switching status acquisition unit is used to install a position sensor or status feedback switch on the actuator of the multi-way valve group, and to collect the opening, closing and switching position status information of each valve in real time through the position sensor or status feedback switch, thereby obtaining the switching status of the multi-way valve group. The fan speed change acquisition unit is used to install a speed sensor on the drive shaft or motor control end of the vehicle cooling fan, acquire the fan speed signal in real time through the speed sensor, and compare and analyze the speed data at different time points to obtain the fan speed change, thereby constructing a second data set.

[0008] In a preferred embodiment, the digital twin modeling and health status inversion module includes a model building unit, a pulverization rate calculation unit, a first evaluation unit, a hydrogen storage capacity decay calculation unit, a second evaluation unit, a heat transfer performance degradation calculation unit, and a third evaluation unit. The model building unit utilizes a convolutional neural network to construct a thermal-mass-reaction coupled digital twin model. It then trains and tests the thermal-mass-reaction coupled digital twin model using a first data set and a second data set. The trained thermal-mass-reaction coupled digital twin model is used as an evaluation model for solid-state hydrogen storage thermal management. Simultaneously, the intermediate layer output of the equipment operation thermal-mass-reaction coupled digital twin model is used as a feature vector to identify feature information. The trained thermal-mass-reaction coupled digital twin model is then used for data operation prediction.

[0009] In a preferred embodiment, the pulverization rate calculation unit is used to calculate the hydrogen flow rate fluctuation amplitude based on the first data set. The rate of change of reaction platform pressure P, and the instantaneous release rate of hydrogen. Heat flux density of the outer wall of the hydrogen storage tank Enhance the transient heat flux difference between the inlet and outlet of the heat exchange channel. And the switching status of the multi-way valve group in the second data group. The pulverization coefficient of metal hydride materials is obtained by the following method. ; First, utilize the fluctuation amplitude of hydrogen flow rate Calculate the hydrogen desorption instability factor ; In the formula, To prevent positive numbers with a denominator of zero, the value is 0.001; Secondly, the pressure anomaly factor is calculated using the rate of change P of the reaction platform pressure. ; ; Subsequently, the heat flux density of the outer wall of the hydrogen storage tank was utilized. Calculate the thermal-hydrogen coupling degradation factor ; In the formula Represented as the baseline outer wall heat flux density under healthy initial conditions. To prevent positive numbers with a denominator of zero, the value is 0.001; Next, the transient heat flux difference between the inlet and outlet of the enhanced heat exchange channel is utilized. and heat flux density of the outer wall of the hydrogen storage tank Calculate the non-uniformity factor of heat transfer along the path ; In the formula, To prevent positive numbers with a denominator of zero, the value is 0.001; Finally, based on the hydrogen desorption instability factor Abnormal stress factors Thermal-hydrogen coupling degradation factor and the non-uniformity factor of heat transfer along the path The pulverization rate coefficient of metal hydride materials can be calculated using the following formula. ; ; In the formula, , , and These are the weighting coefficients.

[0010] In a preferred embodiment, the first evaluation unit is used to preset the pulverization rate threshold A of the metal hydride material and to set the pulverization rate coefficient of the metal hydride material. The comparison with the pulverization rate threshold A of metal hydride materials includes: when When the value is >A, it indicates that the metal hydride material is abnormally pulverized. The hydrogen release rate should be limited to 70%-85% of the rated value, the waste heat supply intensity should be reduced by 15%-30%, and the switching frequency of the multi-way valve group should be reduced by 20%-40% to slow down further pulverization of the material and improve hydrogen release stability. when When the value is ≤A, it indicates that the metal hydride material is normal. The hydrogen release rate, waste heat supply intensity, and multi-way valve group switching sequence are adjusted according to the optimal energy consumption heat-hydrogen coordinated control strategy to ensure the stability of the hydrogen release process and the system operating efficiency.

[0011] In a preferred embodiment, the hydrogen storage capacity decay calculation unit is used to calculate the instantaneous hydrogen release rate based on the first data set. and the residual heat output power of the fuel cell stack in the second data set. Switching status of multi-way valve group The effective hydrogen storage capacity decay coefficient was obtained through the following methods. ; First, based on the switching status of the multi-way valve group The effective calculation range is selected from the operating range of "waste heat supply driving hydrogen release"; Subsequently, the instantaneous release rate of hydrogen was utilized. The cumulative hydrogen release within the calculation interval ; ; In the formula, This is expressed as the sampling interval time. Indicated as the sampling time, This is expressed as the number of sampling points; Power output using waste heat from fuel cell stack The cumulative available waste heat input within the calculation interval ; ; Following that, based on the cumulative hydrogen release within the interval and the cumulative available waste heat input within the interval Calculate the unit waste heat hydrogen release capacity index ; In the formula, To prevent positive numbers with a denominator of zero, the value is 0.001; Finally, the hydrogen release capacity per unit of waste heat was used as an indicator. Calculate the effective hydrogen storage capacity decay coefficient ; In the formula, To prevent positive numbers with a denominator of zero, the value is 0.001.

[0012] In a preferred embodiment, the second evaluation unit is used to preset a hydrogen storage capacity decay threshold R, and to compare the hydrogen storage capacity decay threshold R with the effective hydrogen storage capacity decay coefficient. The comparison includes: when When the value is greater than R, it indicates that the effective hydrogen storage capacity of the hydrogen storage tank is abnormal. The hydrogen output rate should be limited to 70%-90% of the rated value, the waste heat supply intensity should be reduced by 10%-25%, and the holding time of the multi-way valve group should be extended by 20%-40% to slow down the further degradation of the metal hydride material and ensure the stability of the hydrogen supply. when When the value is ≤R, it indicates that the effective hydrogen storage capacity of the hydrogen storage tank is normal. The waste heat supply mode of the electric stack is used first to maintain the current hydrogen release rate and thermal management parameter settings in order to achieve efficient utilization of waste heat.

[0013] In a preferred embodiment, the heat transfer performance degradation calculation unit is used to calculate the heat flux density of the outer wall of the hydrogen storage tank based on the first data set. Enhance the transient heat flux difference between the inlet and outlet of the heat exchange channel. and the residual heat output power of the fuel cell stack in the second data set. Flow rate changes in high-temperature cooling circuits Flow rate variation in the low-temperature cooling circuit Fan speed change Switching status with multi-way valve group The heat transfer performance degradation coefficient is obtained through the following methods. ; First, utilize the heat flux density of the outer wall of the hydrogen storage tank. and the output power of the fuel cell stack waste heat Calculate the waste heat coupling efficiency index ; In the formula, Represented as equivalent reference area, It is represented as a very small positive number, with a value of 0.001; Subsequently, based on the heat flux density of the outer wall of the hydrogen storage tank Combining the transient heat flux difference between the inlet and outlet of the enhanced heat exchange channel Calculate the non-uniformity index of heat transfer along the friction. ; In the formula, It is represented as a very small positive number, with a value of 0.001; Utilizing the flow rate change of the high-temperature cooling circuit Flow rate variation in the low-temperature cooling circuit and fan speed change Calculate the correction factor for external heat transfer conditions. ; ; In the formula, , and These are respectively represented as calibration coefficients; Next, based on the waste heat coupling efficiency index External heat transfer condition correction factor Calculate the corrected effective heat transfer capacity index ; In the formula, Represented as a very small positive number, with a value of 0.001. Represented as calibration coefficients; Finally, based on the revised effective heat transfer capacity index Calculate the heat transfer performance degradation coefficient ; In the formula, Represented as the baseline value for the initial state of health. It is represented as a very small positive number, with a value of 0.001; The third evaluation unit is used to preset the heat transfer performance degradation threshold S and to set the heat transfer performance degradation coefficient. Comparison with the heat transfer performance degradation threshold S, including: when When the value is greater than S, it indicates that the heat exchange capacity of the hydrogen storage tank is abnormal. It is necessary to increase the flow rate of the cooling medium in the high-temperature cooling circuit by 10%-25%, increase the flow rate of the cooling medium in the low-temperature cooling circuit by 5%-15%, and increase the speed of the vehicle cooling fan by 15%-30%. At the same time, the intensity of the waste heat supply entering the heat exchange channel of the hydrogen storage tank should be reduced by 10%-20%, and the switching frequency of the multi-way valve group should be reduced by 20%-40% or the valve group holding time should be extended by 20%-50% to improve the heat exchange capacity of the hydrogen storage tank, improve the heat exchange uniformity along the process, and suppress the risk of local overheating. when When the value is ≤S, it indicates that the heat exchange capacity of the hydrogen storage tank is normal, and the switching sequence of the multi-way valve group, the flow rate of the cooling circuit and the fan speed are controlled in a coordinated manner according to the optimal energy consumption strategy.

[0014] In a preferred embodiment, the collaborative optimization control and risk mitigation module includes an association unit and an optimization unit; The associated unit is used to determine the pulverization rate coefficient of the metal hydride material. Effective hydrogen storage capacity decay coefficient and heat transfer performance degradation coefficient The overall health risk coefficient is calculated using the following formula after correlation and normalization. ; ; The optimization unit is used to preset the health risk threshold ZC and to integrate the comprehensive health risk coefficient. Comparison with the health risk threshold ZC, including: when When the value is >ZC, it indicates that the hydrogen storage tank is operating abnormally. The intensity of waste heat supply should be reduced by 10%-30%, the hydrogen release rate should be limited to 70%-90% of the rated value, and the pump speed of the cooling circuit and the speed of the cooling fan should be increased by 10%-25% to suppress local overheating, slow down the degradation of metal hydride materials, and reduce the risk of hydrogen supply fluctuations. when When the value is ≤ZC, it indicates that the hydrogen storage tank is operating normally. The waste heat supply intensity, hydrogen release rate, cooling circuit pump speed and cooling fan speed are adjusted according to the optimal energy consumption mode to ensure a stable hydrogen supply and system operating efficiency.

[0015] This invention provides a solid-state hydrogen storage thermal management system for hydrogen fuel cell vehicles based on digital twins, which has the following advantages: 1. By using the heat-hydrogen coupling characteristic monitoring module and the vehicle thermal management operation status acquisition module, key parameters such as the heat flux density of the outer wall of the hydrogen storage tank, the transient heat flux difference of the heat exchange channel, the instantaneous hydrogen release rate, the hydrogen flow fluctuation amplitude, the pressure change rate of the reaction platform, as well as the waste heat output power of the fuel cell stack, the flow change of the cooling circuit, the switching status of the multi-way valve group, and the fan speed change are collected from multiple sources to construct the first data group and the second data group. This enables comprehensive, real-time, and refined monitoring of the operation status of the solid hydrogen storage system and the vehicle thermal management system. This overcomes the problem that traditional systems rely on only a small number of temperature and pressure signals and have insufficient sensing dimensions. Through the digital twin modeling and health status prediction module, a heat-mass-reaction coupled digital twin model is constructed, thereby breaking through the technical bottleneck of the "unobservable" internal state of the hydrogen storage tank and providing a reliable basis for refined thermal management and safety control.

[0016] 2. The first and second data groups construct the pulverization rate coefficient, effective hydrogen storage capacity decay coefficient, and heat transfer performance degradation coefficient of the metal hydride material. This enables quantitative characterization of key health indicators such as material structural deterioration, hydrogen storage capacity decay, and heat transfer performance degradation, comprehensively reflecting the health status of the hydrogen storage tank. This solves the problem that traditional systems have difficulty assessing the degree of material degradation and lifespan. By correlating and normalizing the pulverization rate coefficient, effective hydrogen storage capacity decay coefficient, and heat transfer performance degradation coefficient, a comprehensive health risk coefficient is constructed. This allows the system to judge the operational risk level of the hydrogen storage tank using a unified quantitative standard, improving the intuitiveness of risk assessment and decision-making efficiency. Attached Figure Description

[0017] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the accompanying drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. It should be understood that the following drawings only show some embodiments of the present invention and should not be regarded as a limitation of the scope. For those skilled in the art, other related drawings can be obtained from these drawings without creative effort.

[0018] Figure 1 This is a system block diagram of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0019] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of them. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0020] Example 1, referring to Figure 1This invention provides a technical solution: a solid-state hydrogen storage thermal management system for hydrogen fuel cell vehicles based on digital twins, comprising: The thermal-hydrogen coupling characteristic monitoring module is used to monitor the thermal-hydrogen coupling operation characteristics of the solid hydrogen storage tank and the whole vehicle thermal-hydrogen system in real time. It collects the heat flux density of the outer wall of the hydrogen storage tank, the transient heat flux difference between the inlet and outlet of the enhanced heat exchange channel, the instantaneous hydrogen release rate, the hydrogen flow fluctuation amplitude, and the pressure change rate of the reaction platform to construct the first data set. The vehicle thermal management operation status acquisition module is used to collect the operation status parameters of the fuel cell stack and vehicle thermal management system after constructing the first data group, including the waste heat output power of the stack, the flow change characteristics of the high temperature cooling circuit and the low temperature cooling circuit, the switching status of the multi-way valve group, and the fan speed change, to construct the second data group. The digital twin modeling and health status prediction module is used to construct a thermo-mass-reaction coupled digital twin model. It inputs data from the first and second data sets into the model and outputs predicted temperature field distribution, hydrogen concentration field distribution, and the solid-liquid interface position of the phase change material inside the hydrogen storage tank. Simultaneously, based on the first and second data sets, it constructs the pulverization rate coefficient of the metal hydride material. Effective hydrogen storage capacity decay coefficient and heat transfer performance degradation coefficient And generate a health status assessment result for the hydrogen storage tank; The collaborative optimization control and risk mitigation module is used for the pulverization rate coefficient of metal hydride materials. Effective hydrogen storage capacity decay coefficient and heat transfer performance degradation coefficient Construct a comprehensive health risk coefficient The system was optimized to correct control strategies and reduce the risks of local overheating, hydrogen supply fluctuations, and hydrogen leakage.

[0021] In this embodiment, the heat-hydrogen coupling characteristic monitoring module and the vehicle thermal management operation status acquisition module are used to collect key parameters from multiple sources, such as the heat flux density of the outer wall of the hydrogen storage tank, the transient heat flux difference of the heat exchange channel, the instantaneous hydrogen release rate, the hydrogen flow fluctuation amplitude, the pressure change rate of the reaction platform, as well as the waste heat output power of the fuel cell stack, the flow change of the cooling circuit, the switching status of the multi-way valve group, and the fan speed change. The first data group and the second data group are constructed to achieve comprehensive, real-time and refined monitoring of the operation status of the solid hydrogen storage system and the vehicle thermal management system. This overcomes the problem that traditional systems rely on only a small number of temperature and pressure signals and have insufficient sensing dimensions. Through the digital twin modeling and health status prediction module, a heat-mass-reaction coupled digital twin model is constructed, thereby breaking through the technical bottleneck of the "unobservable" internal state of the hydrogen storage tank and providing a reliable basis for refined thermal management and safety control.

[0022] Based on the first and second data sets, the pulverization rate coefficient, effective hydrogen storage capacity decay coefficient, and heat transfer performance degradation coefficient of metal hydride materials are constructed to achieve quantitative characterization of key health indicators such as material structural deterioration, hydrogen storage capacity decay, and heat transfer performance degradation. This can comprehensively reflect the health status of hydrogen storage tanks and solve the problem that traditional systems have difficulty assessing the degree of material degradation and lifespan. The pulverization rate coefficient, effective hydrogen storage capacity decay coefficient, and heat transfer performance degradation coefficient are correlated and normalized to construct a comprehensive health risk coefficient. This integrates complex multidimensional health status information into a single risk indicator, enabling the system to judge the operational risk level of hydrogen storage tanks with a unified quantitative standard, thereby improving the intuitiveness of risk assessment and decision-making efficiency.

[0023] Through the collaborative optimization control and risk suppression module, key control parameters such as waste heat supply intensity, hydrogen release rate, cooling circuit pump speed and fan speed are dynamically adjusted based on the comprehensive health risk coefficient. When the hydrogen storage tank is in abnormal operation, the risk suppression strategy is triggered in time, and the optimal energy consumption control is maintained when the operation is normal. This achieves collaborative optimization control between the thermal management system and the hydrogen storage system, effectively reducing the risks of local overheating, hydrogen supply fluctuations and hydrogen leakage.

[0024] By fully utilizing the waste heat of the fuel cell stack to drive the hydrogen release reaction of metal hydrides, and combining health status perception and adaptive control strategies, this invention can reduce additional heating energy consumption and improve the overall vehicle thermal energy utilization efficiency while ensuring the stability of hydrogen supply; at the same time, by suppressing pulverization, slowing down capacity decay and improving heat exchange conditions, it can effectively extend the service life of the hydrogen storage tank.

[0025] Example 2 is an explanation of Example 1; please refer to it. Figure 1 Specifically, the heat-hydrogen coupling characteristic monitoring module includes a heat flux density acquisition unit for the outer wall of the hydrogen storage tank, a transient heat flux difference acquisition unit for the inlet and outlet of the enhanced heat exchange channel, a hydrogen instantaneous release rate acquisition unit, a hydrogen flow fluctuation amplitude acquisition unit, and a reaction platform pressure change rate acquisition unit. The heat flux density acquisition unit on the outer wall of the hydrogen storage tank is used to install a heat flux density sensor on the surface of the outer wall of the hydrogen storage tank, and to monitor the change of heat flux density on the outer wall of the hydrogen storage tank in real time using the heat flux density sensor, thereby obtaining the heat flux density on the outer wall of the hydrogen storage tank. The transient heat flux difference acquisition unit between the inlet and outlet of the enhanced heat exchange channel is used to install heat flux density sensors at the inlet and outlet positions of the enhanced heat exchange channel of the hydrogen storage tank, respectively. The heat flux density sensors collect heat flux data at the inlet and outlet in real time, and perform difference processing on the two to obtain the transient heat flux difference between the inlet and outlet of the enhanced heat exchange channel. The instantaneous hydrogen release rate acquisition unit is used to install a hydrogen mass flow sensor on the hydrogen outlet pipeline of the hydrogen storage tank. The mass flow sensor collects the hydrogen flow rate data passing through the pipeline in real time per unit time, thereby obtaining the instantaneous hydrogen release rate. The hydrogen flow fluctuation amplitude acquisition unit is used to continuously acquire hydrogen flow data based on the mass flow sensor installed on the hydrogen outlet pipeline of the hydrogen storage tank, and to perform statistical analysis on the flow data within a preset time window, extracting the difference between the maximum and minimum values ​​as the hydrogen flow fluctuation amplitude. The reaction platform pressure change rate acquisition unit is used to install pressure sensors in the reaction zone of the hydrogen storage tank or on the hydrogen output pipeline. The pressure sensors collect data on the change of hydrogen pressure over time during the reaction process in real time, and perform time difference processing on the collected pressure data to obtain the reaction platform pressure change rate, thereby constructing the first data set.

[0026] In this embodiment, by setting up a heat flux density acquisition unit on the outer wall of the hydrogen storage tank, a transient heat flux difference acquisition unit at the inlet and outlet of the enhanced heat exchange channel, a hydrogen instantaneous release rate acquisition unit, a hydrogen flow fluctuation amplitude acquisition unit, and a reaction platform pressure change rate acquisition unit, key operating parameters such as the heating state of the hydrogen storage tank, heat exchange distribution characteristics, hydrogen release rate and its stability, and dynamic changes in reaction pressure are collected in real time from multiple dimensions. This enables a comprehensive perception of the heat-hydrogen coupling characteristics of the solid-state hydrogen storage system. By arranging heat flux density sensors at the inlet and outlet of the enhanced heat exchange channel and calculating the transient heat flux difference, this invention can reflect the uniformity of heat distribution along the channel direction and effectively identify potential problems such as uneven local heat exchange and increased thermal resistance. Compared with methods that only monitor single-point temperature or average heat flux, this invention significantly improves the accuracy of identifying heat exchange performance degradation.

[0027] By continuously collecting the instantaneous hydrogen release rate and extracting the hydrogen flow fluctuation amplitude within a preset time window, this invention can quantitatively reflect the stability of the hydrogen release process. This helps identify hydrogen supply fluctuation problems caused by material pulverization, changes in mass transfer resistance, etc., thus providing a reliable basis for subsequent health assessment and control strategies. By performing time difference processing on the pressure data of the reaction zone or hydrogen output pipeline to obtain the pressure change rate of the reaction platform, this invention can promptly capture abnormal pressure fluctuations in the reaction process, which is beneficial for early detection of risks such as reaction instability, local blockage, or abnormal hydrogen release, thereby improving the safety of system operation.

[0028] Example 3 is an explanation of Example 1; please refer to the provided text. Figure 1 Specifically, the vehicle thermal management operation status acquisition module includes a fuel cell waste heat output power acquisition unit, a flow rate change acquisition unit for high-temperature cooling circuit and low-temperature cooling circuit, a multi-way valve group switching status acquisition unit, and a fan speed change acquisition unit. The waste heat output power acquisition unit of the fuel cell stack is used to install temperature sensors and flow sensors on the inlet and outlet pipes of the high temperature cooling circuit of the hydrogen fuel cell stack, respectively. The temperature sensor monitors the temperature data when the cooling medium enters and leaves the hydrogen fuel cell stack, and the flow sensor monitors the flow data of the cooling medium. The waste heat power released by the stack is calculated based on the specific heat capacity, flow rate and temperature difference of the cooling medium, thereby obtaining the waste heat output power of the fuel cell stack. The flow rate change acquisition unit for the high-temperature cooling circuit and the low-temperature cooling circuit is used to install flow sensors on the pipelines of the high-temperature cooling circuit and the low-temperature cooling circuit respectively. The flow sensors collect the flow rate data of the cooling medium in each circuit in real time, and perform trend analysis on the continuously collected flow rate data to obtain the flow rate change of the high-temperature cooling circuit and the low-temperature cooling circuit. The multi-way valve group switching status acquisition unit is used to install a position sensor or status feedback switch on the actuator of the multi-way valve group, and to collect the opening, closing and switching position status information of each valve in real time through the position sensor or status feedback switch, thereby obtaining the switching status of the multi-way valve group. The fan speed change acquisition unit is used to install a speed sensor on the drive shaft or motor control end of the vehicle cooling fan, acquire the fan speed signal in real time through the speed sensor, and compare and analyze the speed data at different time points to obtain the fan speed change, thereby constructing a second data set.

[0029] In this embodiment, by installing temperature sensors and flow sensors on the inlet and outlet pipes of the high-temperature cooling circuit of the hydrogen fuel cell stack, and combining the specific heat capacity, flow rate, and temperature difference of the cooling medium to calculate the waste heat output power of the stack, real-time and quantitative monitoring of the stack's waste heat release capacity is achieved. Compared with the traditional method based solely on empirical estimation, this significantly improves the accuracy and reliability of waste heat data. By real-time acquisition and trend analysis of the flow rate change characteristics of the high-temperature and low-temperature cooling circuits, this invention can accurately reflect the changes in the operating load and heat exchange capacity of each cooling circuit, helping to identify problems such as abnormal flow and decreased cooling efficiency, and providing a basis for the dynamic optimization of thermal management strategies. By installing position sensors or status feedback switches on the actuators of the multi-way valve group, this invention can obtain the opening, closing, and switching status information of each valve in real time, making the connection relationship and switching logic of the thermal management circuit monitorable and traceable, effectively avoiding the problem of "unperceptible" valve group status in traditional systems.

[0030] By collecting data on the speed changes of the vehicle's cooling fan, this invention can reflect changes in air-side heat exchange conditions in real time, thereby more accurately assessing the impact of the vehicle's heat dissipation capacity on the heat exchange performance of the hydrogen storage tank, improving the adaptability of the thermal management system to changes in the external environment, and unifying key parameters such as the waste heat output power of the fuel cell stack, changes in the flow rate of high and low temperature cooling circuits, the switching status of multi-way valve groups, and changes in fan speed into a second data set. This provides complete and reliable operating status input data for the subsequent thermo-mass-reaction coupled digital twin model, thereby improving the model's fitting accuracy to the actual operating behavior of the vehicle's thermal management system.

[0031] Example 4 is an explanation of Example 1; please refer to the provided text. Figure 1 Specifically, the digital twin modeling and health status inversion module includes a model building unit, a pulverization rate calculation unit, a first evaluation unit, a hydrogen storage capacity decay calculation unit, a second evaluation unit, a heat transfer performance degradation calculation unit, and a third evaluation unit. The model building unit utilizes a convolutional neural network to construct a thermal-mass-reaction coupled digital twin model. It then trains and tests the thermal-mass-reaction coupled digital twin model using a first data set and a second data set. The trained thermal-mass-reaction coupled digital twin model is used as an evaluation model for solid-state hydrogen storage thermal management. Simultaneously, the intermediate layer output of the equipment operation thermal-mass-reaction coupled digital twin model is used as a feature vector to identify feature information. The trained thermal-mass-reaction coupled digital twin model is then used for data operation prediction.

[0032] In this embodiment, a heat-mass-reaction coupled digital twin model is constructed using a convolutional neural network through a model building unit. The model is trained and tested with a first data set and a second data set, enabling the model to simultaneously characterize the heat transfer process, hydrogen mass transfer behavior, and metal hydride reaction characteristics within the hydrogen storage tank. This achieves a high-precision mapping of the actual operating state of the solid-state hydrogen storage system, significantly improving the model's physical consistency and predictive reliability.

[0033] Example 5 is an explanation of Example 1; please refer to it. Figure 1 Specifically, the pulverization rate calculation unit is used to calculate the hydrogen flow rate fluctuation amplitude based on the first data set. The rate of change of reaction platform pressure P, and the instantaneous release rate of hydrogen. Heat flux density of the outer wall of the hydrogen storage tank Enhance the transient heat flux difference between the inlet and outlet of the heat exchange channel. And the switching status of the multi-way valve group in the second data group. The pulverization coefficient of metal hydride materials is obtained by the following method. ; First, utilize the fluctuation amplitude of hydrogen flow rate Calculate the hydrogen desorption instability factor ; In the formula, To prevent positive numbers with a denominator of zero, the value is 0.001; Secondly, the pressure anomaly factor is calculated using the rate of change P of the reaction platform pressure. ; ; Subsequently, the heat flux density of the outer wall of the hydrogen storage tank was utilized. Calculate the thermal-hydrogen coupling degradation factor ; In the formula Represented as the baseline outer wall heat flux density under healthy initial conditions. To prevent positive numbers with a denominator of zero, the value is 0.001; Next, the transient heat flux difference between the inlet and outlet of the enhanced heat exchange channel is utilized. and heat flux density of the outer wall of the hydrogen storage tank Calculate the non-uniformity factor of heat transfer along the path ; In the formula, To prevent positive numbers with a denominator of zero, the value is 0.001; Finally, based on the hydrogen desorption instability factor Abnormal stress factors Thermal-hydrogen coupling degradation factor and the non-uniformity factor of heat transfer along the path The pulverization rate coefficient of metal hydride materials can be calculated using the following formula. ; ; In the formula, , , and These are weighting coefficients. Based on historical data, we analyzed the hydrogen desorption instability factors in the historical data. Abnormal stress factors Thermal-hydrogen coupling degradation factor and the non-uniformity factor of heat transfer along the path Powdering coefficient of metal hydride materials The proportion of influence, thus deriving , , and The value.

[0034] In this embodiment, the pulverization rate calculation unit simultaneously incorporates multiple heat-hydrogen coupling characteristic parameters, such as hydrogen flow rate fluctuation amplitude, reaction platform pressure change rate, instantaneous hydrogen release rate, heat flux density of the outer wall of the hydrogen storage tank, and transient heat flux difference between the inlet and outlet of the enhanced heat exchange channel. This allows for a comprehensive reflection of the pulverization state of the metal hydride material from multiple physical dimensions, including hydrogen release stability, reaction pressure characteristics, degree of heat transfer degradation, and uniformity of heat distribution along the flow path. This avoids the limitation of relying on a single parameter to judge the degree of pulverization. By constructing a hydrogen release instability factor F1 and a pressure anomaly factor F... 2. The thermal-hydrogen coupling degradation factor F3 and the friction-flow heat transfer non-uniformity factor F4, this invention can amplify and characterize the subtle operational anomalies caused by pulverization, thereby identifying the performance degradation characteristics in the early stage of pulverization earlier, improving the sensitivity and accuracy of pulverization state identification. The pulverization rate calculation simultaneously considers the relationship between the hydrogen release rate and the outer wall heat flux density and the friction-flow heat flux difference, which can reflect the impact of pulverization on the heat transfer and mass transfer synergy process, so that the pulverization rate coefficient can not only characterize the material structure deterioration, but also reflect its comprehensive impact on the system heat transfer efficiency and hydrogen release stability.

[0035] By weighting and fusing multiple factors to obtain the pulverization rate coefficient ℓ, this invention achieves a continuous quantitative expression of the degree of pulverization, making the pulverization state comparable under different operating stages and conditions, which is beneficial for conducting material degradation trend analysis and life assessment.

[0036] Example 6 is an explanation of Example 1; please refer to the provided text. Figure 1 Specifically, the first evaluation unit is used to preset the pulverization rate threshold A of the metal hydride material, collect the first data set and obtain the pulverization rate coefficient ℓ according to the calculation method of the pulverization rate calculation unit, statistically obtain the fluctuation range of ℓ under normal conditions, and set the upper limit of the normal fluctuation range as the pulverization rate threshold A of the metal hydride material. The pulverization coefficient of metal hydride materials The comparison with the pulverization rate threshold A of metal hydride materials includes: when When the value is >A, it indicates that the metal hydride material is abnormally pulverized. The hydrogen release rate should be limited to 70%-85% of the rated value, the waste heat supply intensity should be reduced by 15%-30%, and the switching frequency of the multi-way valve group should be reduced by 20%-40% to slow down further pulverization of the material and improve hydrogen release stability. when When the value is ≤A, it indicates that the metal hydride material is normal. The hydrogen release rate, waste heat supply intensity, and multi-way valve group switching sequence are adjusted according to the optimal energy consumption heat-hydrogen coordinated control strategy to ensure the stability of the hydrogen release process and the system operating efficiency.

[0037] In this embodiment, by setting a pulverization rate threshold for the metal hydride material and comparing the real-time calculated pulverization rate coefficient with the threshold, it is possible to quickly determine whether the material has entered an abnormal pulverization state, thereby achieving graded identification of the degree of pulverization and avoiding the problem of taking measures only after the material has severely deteriorated. By reducing the hydrogen release intensity and the amplitude of heat load changes, this invention can suppress the aggravation of pulverization while reducing the increase in mass transfer resistance and hydrogen supply fluctuation caused by material structure deterioration, thereby extending the service life of the hydrogen storage material and improving the overall operational stability of the system.

[0038] Example 7 is an explanation of Example 1; please refer to it. Figure 1 Specifically, the hydrogen storage capacity decay calculation unit is used to calculate the instantaneous hydrogen release rate based on the first data set. and the residual heat output power of the fuel cell stack in the second data set. Switching status of multi-way valve group The effective hydrogen storage capacity decay coefficient was obtained through the following methods. ; First, based on the switching status of the multi-way valve group The effective calculation range is selected from the operating range of "waste heat supply driving hydrogen release"; Subsequently, the instantaneous release rate of hydrogen was utilized. The cumulative hydrogen release within the calculation interval ; ; In the formula, This is expressed as the sampling interval time. Indicated as the sampling time, This is expressed as the number of sampling points; Power output using waste heat from fuel cell stack The cumulative available waste heat input within the calculation interval ; ; Following that, based on the cumulative hydrogen release within the interval and the cumulative available waste heat input within the interval Calculate the unit waste heat hydrogen release capacity index ; In the formula, To prevent positive numbers with a denominator of zero, the value is 0.001; Finally, the hydrogen release capacity per unit of waste heat was used as an indicator. Calculate the effective hydrogen storage capacity decay coefficient ; In the formula, To prevent positive numbers with a denominator of zero, the value is 0.001.

[0039] In this embodiment, by accumulating the instantaneous hydrogen release rate and the waste heat output power of the fuel cell stack within the "waste heat-driven hydrogen release" operating range, the cumulative hydrogen release amount and cumulative available waste heat input of the range are constructed. Furthermore, the hydrogen release capacity per unit of waste heat is calculated, thereby achieving a quantitative assessment of the degree of degradation of the effective hydrogen storage capacity of the hydrogen storage tank. This overcomes the problem that traditional methods rely solely on a single hydrogen release amount or pressure change, which is insufficient to reflect the essence of capacity degradation. Based on the switching state of the multi-way valve group, the effective operating range of "waste heat-driven hydrogen release" is selected, and capacity degradation calculation is performed only within this range. This avoids interference from cold start, external heating, or non-hydrogen release conditions on the calculation results, thus improving the accuracy and reliability of the effective hydrogen storage capacity assessment results.

[0040] By constructing a unit waste heat hydrogen release capacity index, this invention not only considers the total amount of hydrogen released but also comprehensively reflects the level of waste heat input consumed during the hydrogen release process. This allows the capacity decay coefficient to accurately characterize the changes in the effective hydrogen storage performance of hydrogen storage materials under actual thermally driven conditions. When the capacity of a hydrogen storage material decays, even if the change in hydrogen release is not significant in a short period, its unit waste heat hydrogen release capacity will still decrease. Through comparative calculations, this invention makes the capacity decay coefficient more sensitive to early performance degradation, which is beneficial for detecting the trend of declining hydrogen storage capacity in advance.

[0041] The effective hydrogen storage capacity decay coefficient can be used as an important input parameter for the second evaluation unit to determine whether the hydrogen storage tank has entered an abnormal state of capacity decay and to trigger corresponding protection or maintenance strategies, providing a quantitative basis for the life management and maintenance decisions of the hydrogen storage system.

[0042] Example 8 is an explanation of Example 1; please refer to it. Figure 1 Specifically, the second evaluation unit is used to preset the hydrogen storage capacity decay threshold R, operate the system under the initial working condition of the hydrogen storage tank being in the normal effective hydrogen storage capacity, collect the corresponding first data group and second data group and calculate the effective hydrogen storage capacity decay coefficient, statistically obtain the normal fluctuation range of the effective hydrogen storage capacity decay coefficient, and take the upper limit value as the hydrogen storage capacity decay threshold R. The hydrogen storage capacity decay threshold R and the effective hydrogen storage capacity decay coefficient are combined. The comparison includes: when When the value is greater than R, it indicates that the effective hydrogen storage capacity of the hydrogen storage tank is abnormal. The hydrogen output rate should be limited to 70%-90% of the rated value, the waste heat supply intensity should be reduced by 10%-25%, and the holding time of the multi-way valve group should be extended by 20%-40% to slow down the further degradation of the metal hydride material and ensure the stability of the hydrogen supply. when When the value is ≤R, it indicates that the effective hydrogen storage capacity of the hydrogen storage tank is normal. The waste heat supply mode of the electric stack is used first to maintain the current hydrogen release rate and thermal management parameter settings in order to achieve efficient utilization of waste heat.

[0043] In this embodiment, by setting a preset hydrogen storage capacity decay threshold and comparing the effective hydrogen storage capacity decay coefficient with the threshold, it is possible to accurately determine whether the hydrogen storage tank has experienced an abnormality in effective hydrogen storage capacity. This enables rapid identification of the hydrogen storage performance degradation state and avoids the uncertainty caused by relying solely on experience or single parameter evaluation. Under abnormal capacity conditions, by limiting the hydrogen release rate and smoothing out changes in heat load, this invention can reduce the risk of hydrogen supply fluctuations and avoid insufficient or unstable hydrogen supply caused by a decrease in hydrogen storage capacity, thereby improving the reliability of the fuel cell system operation.

[0044] Example 9, this example is an explanation of Example 1, please refer to it. Figure 1 Specifically, the heat transfer performance degradation calculation unit is used to calculate the heat flux density of the outer wall of the hydrogen storage tank based on the first data set. Enhance the transient heat flux difference between the inlet and outlet of the heat exchange channel. and the residual heat output power of the fuel cell stack in the second data set. Flow rate changes in high-temperature cooling circuits Flow rate variation in the low-temperature cooling circuit Fan speed change Switching status with multi-way valve group The heat transfer performance degradation coefficient is obtained through the following methods. ; First, utilize the heat flux density of the outer wall of the hydrogen storage tank. and the output power of the fuel cell stack waste heat Calculate the waste heat coupling efficiency index ; In the formula, This is expressed as the equivalent reference area, and is the equivalent heat transfer reference area obtained by calibration using the structural parameters of the hydrogen storage tank. It is represented as a very small positive number, with a value of 0.001; Subsequently, based on the heat flux density of the outer wall of the hydrogen storage tank Combining the transient heat flux difference between the inlet and outlet of the enhanced heat exchange channel Calculate the non-uniformity index of heat transfer along the friction. ; In the formula, It is represented as a very small positive number, with a value of 0.001; Utilizing the flow rate change of the high-temperature cooling circuit Flow rate variation in the low-temperature cooling circuit and fan speed change Calculate the correction factor for external heat transfer conditions. ; ; In the formula, , and These are represented as calibration coefficients. By changing the flow rate and fan speed of each cooling circuit and collecting corresponding heat exchange status data of the hydrogen storage tank, the changes in heat exchange capacity under different operating conditions are compared and analyzed to determine the calibration coefficients. , and The value of ; Next, based on the waste heat coupling efficiency index External heat transfer condition correction factor Calculate the corrected effective heat transfer capacity index ; In the formula, Represented as a very small positive number, with a value of 0.001. The calibration coefficients are represented by the heat exchange conditions of the hydrogen storage tank, and the corresponding heat flow distribution data are collected. The changes in heat exchange capacity under different non-uniform heat exchange conditions are compared and analyzed to determine the calibration coefficients. The value of ; Finally, based on the revised effective heat transfer capacity index Calculate the heat transfer performance degradation coefficient ; In the formula, The baseline value for the initial healthy state is represented by the waste heat coupling efficiency index and external heat exchange condition parameters under the corresponding operating conditions. The corrected effective heat exchange capacity index is then calculated and used as the baseline value for the initial healthy state. , It is represented as a very small positive number, with a value of 0.001; The third evaluation unit is used to preset the heat transfer performance degradation threshold S, and to collect the first data set and the second data set and calculate the corresponding heat transfer performance degradation coefficient. coefficient of thermal performance degradation The average value is used as the upper limit of the heat transfer performance under normal operating conditions, and the upper limit of the reference value is set as the heat transfer performance degradation threshold S; The heat transfer performance degradation coefficient Comparison with the heat transfer performance degradation threshold S, including: when When the value is greater than S, it indicates that the heat exchange capacity of the hydrogen storage tank is abnormal. It is necessary to increase the flow rate of the cooling medium in the high-temperature cooling circuit by 10%-25%, increase the flow rate of the cooling medium in the low-temperature cooling circuit by 5%-15%, and increase the speed of the vehicle cooling fan by 15%-30%. At the same time, the intensity of the waste heat supply entering the heat exchange channel of the hydrogen storage tank should be reduced by 10%-20%, and the switching frequency of the multi-way valve group should be reduced by 20%-40% or the valve group holding time should be extended by 20%-50% to improve the heat exchange capacity of the hydrogen storage tank, improve the heat exchange uniformity along the process, and suppress the risk of local overheating. when When the value is ≤S, it indicates that the heat exchange capacity of the hydrogen storage tank is normal, and the switching sequence of the multi-way valve group, the flow rate of the cooling circuit and the fan speed are controlled in a coordinated manner according to the optimal energy consumption strategy.

[0045] In this embodiment, based on various thermal management-related parameters such as the heat flux density of the outer wall of the hydrogen storage tank, the transient heat flux difference in the heat exchange channel, the residual heat output power of the fuel cell stack, and the changes in flow rate and fan speed of the high and low temperature cooling circuits, a residual heat coupling efficiency index, a friction-through heat transfer non-uniformity index, and an external heat transfer condition correction factor are constructed. This enables a multi-dimensional and comprehensive assessment of the heat transfer performance degradation state of the hydrogen storage tank, avoiding the limitations of relying solely on a single temperature or heat flux parameter, which is insufficient to accurately reflect heat transfer degradation problems.

[0046] By constructing a heat transfer non-uniformity index along the flow path by strengthening the ratio of the transient heat flux difference between the inlet and outlet of the heat exchange channel to the heat flux density on the outer wall, this invention can effectively reflect the problem of uneven heat distribution during the heat exchange process. This helps to identify local weak heat transfer areas and potential local overheating risks. Furthermore, by calculating the corrected effective heat transfer capacity index through the fusion of multiple indices and obtaining the heat transfer performance degradation coefficient, this invention can amplify and characterize subtle degradation trends in heat transfer performance. This is beneficial for detecting heat transfer capacity decline problems in the early stages and improving the sensitivity and reliability of degradation identification.

[0047] Example 10: This example is an explanation of Example 1. Please refer to the provided text. Figure 1 Specifically, the collaborative optimization control and risk suppression module includes an association unit and an optimization unit; The associated unit is used to determine the pulverization rate coefficient of the metal hydride material. Effective hydrogen storage capacity decay coefficient and heat transfer performance degradation coefficient The overall health risk coefficient is calculated using the following formula after correlation and normalization. ; ; The optimization unit is used to preset the health risk threshold ZC, which is determined according to the distribution range of the comprehensive health risk coefficient under the system calibration conditions. When the pulverization rate, capacity decay and heat transfer performance degradation corresponding to the comprehensive health risk coefficient are all within an acceptable range, its upper limit is used as the health risk threshold ZC. Including comprehensive health risk coefficient Comparison with the health risk threshold ZC, including: when When the value is >ZC, it indicates that the hydrogen storage tank is operating abnormally. The intensity of waste heat supply should be reduced by 10%-30%, the hydrogen release rate should be limited to 70%-90% of the rated value, and the pump speed of the cooling circuit and the speed of the cooling fan should be increased by 10%-25% to suppress local overheating, slow down the degradation of metal hydride materials, and reduce the risk of hydrogen supply fluctuations. when When the value is ≤ZC, it indicates that the hydrogen storage tank is operating normally. The waste heat supply intensity, hydrogen release rate, cooling circuit pump speed and cooling fan speed are adjusted according to the optimal energy consumption mode to ensure a stable hydrogen supply and system operating efficiency.

[0048] In this embodiment, a comprehensive health risk coefficient is constructed by correlating and normalizing the pulverization rate coefficient, effective hydrogen storage capacity decay coefficient, and heat transfer performance degradation coefficient of the metal hydride material. This integrates multi-dimensional health status information such as material degradation, hydrogen storage capacity decay, and heat transfer performance decline into a single quantitative indicator, enabling the system to judge the overall operational risk level of the hydrogen storage tank using a unified standard. By comparing the comprehensive health risk coefficient with a preset health risk threshold, this invention can quickly and intuitively identify whether the hydrogen storage tank is in an abnormal operating state, avoiding the complexity of analyzing multiple degradation parameters separately and improving the efficiency of risk assessment and control decisions.

[0049] By comprehensively assessing health risk thresholds, this invention achieves a dual-mode control logic that prioritizes risk suppression when the hydrogen storage tank is malfunctioning and prioritizes energy efficiency optimization when it is operating normally. This enables a dynamic balance between thermal management and hydrogen supply control in terms of safety and efficiency. Through continuous monitoring and proactive regulation of the comprehensive health risk coefficient, this invention can identify potential risks such as local overheating, accelerated material degradation, and unstable hydrogen supply in advance, and take corresponding control measures, thereby significantly improving the operational safety and reliability of the solid-state hydrogen storage system under complex operating conditions.

[0050] The hydrogen storage tank in this application adopts a "concentric cylindrical three-layer integrated" structure, including: Core layer (MH reaction layer): A metal hydride bed filled with hydrogen storage alloy powder (such as one of LaNi5, TiEe, etc.) serves as the core hydrogen storage medium.

[0051] The intermediate layer (PCM thermal buffer layer) surrounds the MH layer and is filled with a phase change material with a matching phase change temperature. It is used to absorb / release the latent heat of phase change, smooth out temperature fluctuations in the MH layer, and act as a "thermal capacitor". To further overcome the disadvantage of poor thermal conductivity of PCM material, an array of heat-conducting fins extending into the interior of the PCM region is set. One end of these fins is tightly connected to the inner wall of the outermost enhanced heat exchange channel layer, and the other end extends into the interior of the PCM region. This design greatly increases the effective heat transfer area and internal heat conduction path of the PCM region, so that heat can be quickly and evenly introduced or exported into the interior of the PCM body through the fins, thereby significantly improving the heat storage / release rate and overall thermal buffer performance of the PCM layer.

[0052] The outer layer (spiral rib reinforced heat exchange channel layer) is a fluid channel with continuous spiral grooves or ribs machined on its inner wall. This design can induce strong spiral turbulence in the fluid, greatly enhancing the convective heat transfer coefficient between the fluid in the channel and the PCM layer, which is the key to efficient thermal management.

[0053] The threshold is set to facilitate comparison. The size of the threshold depends on the amount of sample data and the number of bases set by those skilled in the art for each set of sample data; as long as it does not affect the ratio between the parameter and the quantized value, it is acceptable.

[0054] The above formulas are all derived from software simulation using a large amount of data and are selected to be close to the actual values. The coefficients in the formulas are set by those skilled in the art according to the actual situation. The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any equivalent substitutions or changes made by those skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed in the present invention, based on the technical solution and inventive concept of the present invention, should be covered within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A digital-twin-based solid-state hydrogen storage thermal management system for hydrogen fuel cell vehicles, characterized by, include: The thermal-hydrogen coupling characteristic monitoring module is used to monitor the thermal-hydrogen coupling operation characteristics of the solid hydrogen storage tank and the whole vehicle thermal-hydrogen system in real time. It collects the heat flux density of the outer wall of the hydrogen storage tank, the transient heat flux difference between the inlet and outlet of the enhanced heat exchange channel, the instantaneous hydrogen release rate, the hydrogen flow fluctuation amplitude, and the pressure change rate of the reaction platform to construct the first data set. The vehicle thermal management operation status acquisition module is used to collect the operation status parameters of the fuel cell stack and vehicle thermal management system after constructing the first data group, including the waste heat output power of the stack, the flow change characteristics of the high temperature cooling circuit and the low temperature cooling circuit, the switching status of the multi-way valve group, and the fan speed change, to construct the second data group. The digital twin modeling and health status prediction module is used to construct a thermo-mass-reaction coupled digital twin model. It inputs data from the first and second data sets into the model and outputs predicted temperature field distribution, hydrogen concentration field distribution, and the solid-liquid interface position of the phase change material inside the hydrogen storage tank. Simultaneously, based on the first and second data sets, it constructs the pulverization rate coefficient of the metal hydride material. Effective hydrogen storage capacity decay coefficient and heat transfer performance degradation coefficient And generate a health status assessment result for the hydrogen storage tank; A synergistic optimization control and risk mitigation module for building a comprehensive health risk coefficient based on the pulverization rate coefficient , effective hydrogen storage capacity attenuation coefficient and heat transfer performance degradation coefficient , build a comprehensive health risk coefficient , and optimize.

2. The hydrogen fuel cell vehicle solid-state hydrogen storage thermal management system based on digital twinning of claim 1, wherein, The heat-hydrogen coupling characteristic monitoring module includes a heat flux density acquisition unit on the outer wall of the hydrogen storage tank, a transient heat flux difference acquisition unit between the inlet and outlet of the enhanced heat exchange channel, a hydrogen instantaneous release rate acquisition unit, a hydrogen flow fluctuation amplitude acquisition unit, and a reaction platform pressure change rate acquisition unit. The heat flux density acquisition unit on the outer wall of the hydrogen storage tank is used to install a heat flux density sensor on the surface of the outer wall of the hydrogen storage tank, and to monitor the change of heat flux density on the outer wall of the hydrogen storage tank in real time using the heat flux density sensor, thereby obtaining the heat flux density on the outer wall of the hydrogen storage tank. The transient heat flux difference acquisition unit between the inlet and outlet of the enhanced heat exchange channel is used to install heat flux density sensors at the inlet and outlet positions of the enhanced heat exchange channel of the hydrogen storage tank, respectively. The heat flux density sensors collect heat flux data at the inlet and outlet in real time, and perform difference processing on the two to obtain the transient heat flux difference between the inlet and outlet of the enhanced heat exchange channel. The instantaneous hydrogen release rate acquisition unit is used to install a hydrogen mass flow sensor on the hydrogen outlet pipeline of the hydrogen storage tank. The mass flow sensor collects the hydrogen flow rate data passing through the pipeline in real time per unit time, thereby obtaining the instantaneous hydrogen release rate. The hydrogen flow fluctuation amplitude acquisition unit is used to continuously acquire hydrogen flow data based on the mass flow sensor installed on the hydrogen outlet pipeline of the hydrogen storage tank, and to perform statistical analysis on the flow data within a preset time window, extracting the difference between the maximum and minimum values ​​as the hydrogen flow fluctuation amplitude. The reaction platform pressure change rate acquisition unit is used to install pressure sensors in the reaction zone of the hydrogen storage tank or on the hydrogen output pipeline. The pressure sensors collect data on the change of hydrogen pressure over time during the reaction process in real time, and perform time difference processing on the collected pressure data to obtain the reaction platform pressure change rate, thereby constructing the first data set.

3. The hydrogen fuel cell vehicle solid-state hydrogen storage thermal management system based on digital twinning of claim 2, wherein, The vehicle thermal management operation status acquisition module includes a fuel cell waste heat output power acquisition unit, a flow rate change acquisition unit for high-temperature cooling circuit and low-temperature cooling circuit, a multi-way valve group switching status acquisition unit, and a fan speed change acquisition unit. The stack waste heat output power collection unit is used for installing temperature sensors and flow sensors on the inlet and outlet pipelines of the high-temperature cooling loop of the hydrogen fuel cell stack, monitoring the temperature data of the cooling medium when entering and leaving the hydrogen fuel cell stack through the temperature sensors, monitoring the flow data of the cooling medium through the flow sensors, calculating the waste heat power released by the stack according to the specific heat capacity, flow and temperature difference of the cooling medium, and obtaining the stack waste heat output power. The flow change collection unit of the high-temperature cooling loop and the low-temperature cooling loop is used for installing flow sensors on the pipelines of the high-temperature cooling loop and the low-temperature cooling loop, collecting the flow data of the cooling medium in each loop in real time through the flow sensors, and analyzing the change trend of the continuously collected flow data to obtain the flow change of the high-temperature cooling loop and the low-temperature cooling loop. The multi-way valve group switching state collection unit is used for setting position sensors or state feedback switches on the actuators of the multi-way valve group, collecting the opening, closing and switching position state information of each valve in real time through the position sensors or state feedback switches, and obtaining the switching state of the multi-way valve group. The fan speed change collection unit is used for setting speed sensors on the driving shaft or motor control end of the vehicle cooling fan, collecting the speed signal of the fan in real time through the speed sensor, and comparing and analyzing the speed data at different time points to obtain the fan speed change, thereby constructing the second data set.

4. The hydrogen fuel cell vehicle solid-state hydrogen storage thermal management system based on digital twinning of claim 3, wherein, The digital twin modeling and health state inversion module includes a model construction unit, a pulverization rate calculation unit, a first evaluation unit, a hydrogen storage capacity attenuation calculation unit, a second evaluation unit, a heat transfer performance degradation calculation unit and a third evaluation unit. The model construction unit uses a convolutional neural network to construct a heat-mass-reaction coupled digital twin model, trains and tests the heat-mass-reaction coupled digital twin model with the first data set and the second data set, uses the trained heat-mass-reaction coupled digital twin model as a solid-state hydrogen storage thermal management evaluation model, uses the intermediate layer output of the device running heat-mass-reaction coupled digital twin model as a feature vector to identify feature information, and uses the trained heat-mass-reaction coupled digital twin model as data running prediction.

5. The hydrogen fuel cell vehicle solid-state hydrogen storage thermal management system based on digital twinning of claim 4, wherein, The pulverization rate calculation unit is used to calculate the hydrogen flow rate fluctuation amplitude based on the first data set. The rate of change of reaction platform pressure P, and the instantaneous release rate of hydrogen. Heat flux density of the outer wall of the hydrogen storage tank Enhance the transient heat flux difference between the inlet and outlet of the heat exchange channel. And the switching status of the multi-way valve group in the second data group. The pulverization coefficient of metal hydride materials is obtained by the following method. ; First, the hydrogen flow fluctuation amplitude The hydrogen desorption instability factor is calculated ; Secondly, the pressure anomaly factor is calculated by using the reaction platform pressure change rate P ; Subsequently, the heat flux density of the outer wall of the hydrogen storage tank is utilized A thermal-hydrogen coupling degradation factor is calculated ; Next, the transient heat flux difference between the inlet and outlet of the enhanced heat exchange channel is used and the heat flux density of the outer wall of the hydrogen storage tank calculating the non-uniform factor of heat exchange along the way ; Finally, based on the hydrogen desorption instability factor , the pressure anomaly factor , the thermal-hydrogen coupling degradation factor and the non-uniformity factor of heat exchange along the path , the pulverization rate coefficient of the metal hydride material is calculated by the following formula ; ； wherein , , and are weight coefficients, respectively.

6. The hydrogen fuel cell vehicle solid-state hydrogen storage thermal management system based on digital twinning of claim 5, wherein, The first evaluation unit is configured to preset a pulverization rate threshold A of the metal hydride material, and compare a pulverization rate coefficient of the metal hydride material with the pulverization rate threshold A of the metal hydride material. The first evaluation unit is configured to preset a pulverization rate threshold A of the metal hydride material, and compare a pulverization rate coefficient of the metal hydride material with the pulverization rate threshold A of the metal hydride material. When When A, it indicates that the metal hydride material is pulverized abnormally, the hydrogen release rate should be limited to 70%-85% of the rated value, the residual heat supply intensity should be reduced by 15%-30%, and the switching frequency of the multi-way valve group should be reduced by 20%-40%. When When A≤A0, it indicates that the metal hydride material is normal, and the hydrogen release rate, the waste heat supply intensity, and the multi-way valve group switching time sequence are adjusted according to the heat-hydrogen synergistic control strategy with optimal energy consumption.

7. The hydrogen fuel cell vehicle solid-state hydrogen storage thermal management system based on digital twinning of claim 6, wherein, The hydrogen storage capacity decay calculation unit is configured to calculate the effective hydrogen storage capacity decay coefficient based on the hydrogen instantaneous release rate in the first data set and the stack residual heat output power in the second data set and the switching state of the multi-way valve group and obtain the effective hydrogen storage capacity decay coefficient by ; First, according to the multi-way valve group switching state , select the "waste heat heating driven hydrogen release" operation interval as the effective calculation interval; Subsequently, the instantaneous release rate of hydrogen gas is measured The cumulative hydrogen release amount in the calculation interval is calculated ; Utilizing stack waste heat to output power Computing cumulative available waste heat input within an interval ; Then, based on the cumulative hydrogen release amount in the interval and the cumulative available residual heat input in the interval , the unit residual heat hydrogen release capacity index is calculated; Finally, the unit residual heat hydrogen release capacity index is used The effective hydrogen storage capacity decay coefficient is calculated ; ; wherein is a positive number to prevent the denominator from being zero and has a value of 0.

001.

8. The hydrogen fuel cell vehicle solid-state hydrogen storage thermal management system based on digital twinning of claim 7, wherein, The second evaluation unit is configured to preset a hydrogen storage capacity attenuation threshold R, and compare the hydrogen storage capacity attenuation threshold R with the effective hydrogen storage capacity attenuation coefficient The comparison includes: When >R, it indicates that the effective hydrogen storage capacity of the hydrogen storage tank is abnormal, the hydrogen output rate needs to be limited to 70%-90% of the rated value, the waste heat supply intensity needs to be reduced by 10%-25%, and the holding time of the multi-way valve group needs to be extended by 20%-40%. When ≤ R, it indicates that the effective hydrogen storage capacity of the hydrogen storage tank is normal, the electric pile waste heat heating mode is preferentially adopted, and the current hydrogen release rate and the heat management parameter setting are maintained.

9. The hydrogen fuel cell vehicle solid-state hydrogen storage thermal management system based on digital twinning of claim 8, wherein, The heat transfer performance degradation calculation unit is configured to calculate a heat transfer performance degradation coefficient based on the heat flux density of the outer wall of the hydrogen storage tank in the first data set , a transient heat flux difference of the heat exchange flow channel inlet and outlet , and the waste heat output power of the stack in the second data set , a flow change of the high-temperature cooling loop , a flow change of the low-temperature cooling loop , a fan rotating speed change amount , and a multi-way valve group switching state , by the following method ; First, the heat flux density on the outer wall of the hydrogen storage tank and the waste heat output power of the electric pile are calculated to obtain the waste heat coupling efficiency index ; Subsequently, based on the heat flux density of the outer wall of the hydrogen storage tank Combined with the transient heat flux difference of the reinforced heat exchange flow channel inlet and outlet , the non-uniformity index of heat exchange along the way is calculated ; Utilizing a flow rate change of a high-temperature cooling circuit , a flow rate change of a low-temperature cooling circuit , and a fan rotation speed change amount , to calculate an external heat exchange condition correction factor ; Next, based on the residual heat coupling efficiency index and the external heat exchange condition correction factor , the corrected effective heat exchange capacity index is calculated; Finally, based on the modified effective heat exchange capacity index , the heat transfer performance degradation coefficient is calculated; ; wherein, is a reference value representing a healthy initial state, is a very small positive number, having a value of 0.001; The third evaluation unit is configured to preset a heat transfer performance degradation threshold S, and compare a heat transfer performance degradation coefficient S' of the heat transfer performance of the heat transfer component with the heat transfer performance degradation threshold S. The third evaluation unit is configured to preset a heat transfer performance degradation threshold S, and compare a heat transfer performance degradation coefficient S' of the heat transfer performance of the heat transfer component with the heat transfer performance degradation threshold S. When S, it indicates that the heat exchange capacity of the hydrogen storage tank is abnormal, the cooling medium flow rate of the high-temperature cooling circuit is increased by 10%-25%, the cooling medium flow rate of the low-temperature cooling circuit is increased by 5%-15%, and the rotating speed of the vehicle cooling fan is increased by 15%-30%; meanwhile, the waste heat supply intensity into the heat exchange passage of the hydrogen storage tank is reduced by 10%-20%, and the switching frequency of the multi-way valve group is reduced by 20%-40% or the valve group holding time is prolonged by 20%-50%. When ≤ S, it indicates that the heat exchange capacity of the hydrogen storage tank is normal, and the switching timing of the multi-way valve group, the cooling circuit flow rate, and the fan rotation speed are controlled in coordination according to the energy consumption optimization strategy.

10. The hydrogen fuel cell vehicle solid-state hydrogen storage thermal management system based on digital twinning of claim 9, wherein, The collaborative optimization control and risk suppression module includes a correlation unit and an optimization unit. The correlation unit is configured to associate the pulverization rate coefficient of the metal hydride material, the effective hydrogen storage capacity attenuation coefficient, and the heat transfer performance degradation coefficient, and perform normalization processing to obtain a comprehensive health risk coefficient by the following formula ;​​​ ； The optimization unit is configured to preset a health risk threshold ZC, and compare the comprehensive health risk coefficient Z with the health risk threshold ZC. The health risk threshold ZC is compared with the comprehensive health risk coefficient Z. When When ZC, it indicates that the hydrogen storage tank is operating abnormally, the waste heat supply intensity needs to be reduced by 10%-30%, the hydrogen release rate is limited to 70%-90% of the rated value, and the cooling circuit pump speed and heat dissipation fan speed are increased by 10%-25%. When When ZC, it indicates that the hydrogen storage tank is operating normally, and the waste heat supply intensity, hydrogen release rate, cooling loop pump speed and heat dissipation fan speed are adjusted according to the optimal energy consumption mode.

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