High-weather-resistance antenna surface coating material and coating process thereof

Abstract

The invention discloses a high-weather-resistance antenna surface coating material and a coating process thereof, and relates to the technical field of antenna surface protective coatings, the antenna surface coating material is of a three-layer gradient structure, and the three-layer gradient structure sequentially comprises a transition layer, a functional layer and a protective layer from inside to outside; the matrix resin of the antenna surface coating material comprises bio-based polyfuran formate and fluorocarbon resin; according to the invention, a three-layer gradient coating structure is constructed and is matched with hybrid matrix resin, so that the performance is synergistically optimized; the transition layer relieves interface stress, and layering and falling are avoided; the functional layer forms a comprehensive weather-proof protection system; the protective layer is super-hydrophobic and environment-friendly; the coating process is optimized, base material pretreatment is matched with plasma activation, low-temperature in-situ gradient film forming is performed, auxiliaries are specifically introduced, and gradient cooling post-treatment is performed, so that the coating and the base material are efficiently combined, high-quality film forming is performed, the energy consumption cost is reduced, the antenna is adaptive to various base materials, the service life of the antenna is prolonged, and the signal transmission reliability is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of antenna surface protective coating technology, specifically to an antenna surface coating material with strong weather resistance and its coating process. Background Technology

[0002] Antennas, as core components in communications, aerospace, and marine engineering, are exposed to outdoor, marine, or extreme climates for extended periods, facing multiple challenges including ultraviolet radiation, salt spray corrosion, temperature fluctuations, and humidity variations. The coating, as a crucial protective barrier for the antenna substrate, directly determines the antenna's signal transmission efficiency and lifespan due to its weather resistance, adhesion stability, corrosion resistance, and hydrophobic properties. With the development of communication technologies towards higher frequencies and longer distances, the comprehensive performance requirements for antenna coatings are increasing. They must not only possess excellent weather resistance but also ensure environmental friendliness, interlayer bonding strength, and long-term stability. Traditional coatings are no longer sufficient to meet the demands of complex environments, making the development of high-performance, weather-resistant antenna surface coating materials an urgent industry need.

[0003] Existing antenna surface coating technologies face several pressing problems: The coating structure design is often unreasonable, consisting mostly of single-functional layers or simple multi-layer stacking, lacking gradient transition design, resulting in poor interlayer compatibility and weak adhesion, leading to delamination and peeling after long-term use; the choice of matrix resin is limited, with traditional coatings often using pure fluorocarbon resin or ordinary polyester resin. Pure fluorocarbon resin is costly and lacks biocompatibility, while ordinary polyester resin has limited weather resistance and corrosion resistance, and a highly efficient hybrid system combining bio-based and fluorocarbon resins has not been formed, making it difficult to balance environmental friendliness and weather resistance; the weather-resistant functional system is incomplete. Currently, most coatings only add UV absorbers or antioxidants, lacking a scientifically formulated ratio of UV-resistant, antioxidant, and salt spray resistant additives. This results in one-sided weather resistance, unable to withstand the comprehensive erosion of complex environments. The protective layer lacks sufficient hydrophobicity, as it has not been modified with dedicated hydrophobic agents or the modification process is immature. The surface is prone to adhering to moisture and pollutants, accelerating coating aging and substrate corrosion. The coating process also has shortcomings. Some processes require high-temperature film formation, which can easily damage the substrate. Furthermore, there is a lack of efficient activation treatment for the substrate surface, resulting in poor film continuity, insufficient interlayer adhesion, and difficulty in achieving a strong bond between the coating and the substrate.

[0004] The shortcomings of the existing technologies mentioned above lead to problems such as aging, cracking, peeling, and corrosion of antenna coatings in complex environments, affecting the signal stability and service life of the antenna, and increasing equipment maintenance costs and safety hazards. Therefore, to address the deficiencies of existing coatings in terms of structural design, matrix resin, functional system, and coating process, it is necessary to develop an antenna surface coating material and its matching coating process that features a gradient structure, environmental friendliness and efficiency, comprehensive weather resistance, stable adhesion, and hydrophobic and corrosion resistance. This is of great significance for improving the environmental adaptability and long-term reliability of antenna equipment and meets the needs of industry technological upgrading and green development. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to overcome the shortcomings of existing technologies and provide a weather-resistant antenna surface coating material and its coating process. By adopting a three-layer gradient structure, including a transition layer, a functional layer and a protective layer, and using bio-based polyfuran ester and fluorocarbon resin as the matrix, combined with elastomers, ceramic phases and various weather-resistant additives, a comprehensive protection system is formed. The coating process includes substrate pretreatment, plasma activation, low-temperature in-situ gradient film formation and post-treatment, ensuring efficient bonding between the coating and the substrate, improving the density and stability of the coating, and extending the antenna's service life.

[0006] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the present invention provides the following technical solution: On the one hand, an antenna surface coating material with strong weather resistance, wherein the antenna surface coating material has a three-layer gradient structure, consisting of a transition layer, a functional layer and a protective layer from the inside to the outside; The matrix resin of the antenna surface coating material comprises bio-based polyfuran ester and fluorocarbon resin; The transition layer comprises an elastomeric phase and a ceramic phase, and the mass ratio of the elastomeric phase to the ceramic phase varies continuously along the coating thickness direction. The functional layer comprises a hybrid structure formed by the bio-based polyfuran carboxylate and fluorocarbon resin as a continuous phase, and weather-resistant functional additives dispersed in the continuous phase, including ultraviolet absorbers, antioxidants and salt spray resistant additives. The protective layer comprises a film-forming material modified with a hydrophobic agent and composed of a hybrid of fluorocarbon resin and polyfuran carboxylate, and the outer surface of the protective layer has a dense superhydrophobic structure.

[0007] Furthermore, the bio-based polyfuran carboxylate has a number average molecular weight of 5,000 to 15,000, and the content of carboxyl groups on the molecular chain is 0.5 to 2.0 mmol / g, and the content of hydroxyl groups is 1.0 to 3.0 mmol / g; the fluorocarbon resin is selected from one of polyvinylidene fluoride, polytetrafluoroethylene, and perfluoroethylene propylene; the mass ratio of the bio-based polyfuran carboxylate to the fluorocarbon resin is 3:1 to 5:1.

[0008] Furthermore, the transition layer contains an elastomer phase with a mass ratio of 20% to 70% and a ceramic phase with a mass ratio of 30% to 80%, with the elastomer phase gradually decreasing and the ceramic phase gradually increasing from the side closest to the substrate to the side connecting the functional layer; the elastomer phase is selected from one or more of nitrile rubber, methyl vinyl silicone rubber, and fluororubber; the ceramic phase is a composite powder of alumina, silicon dioxide, and silicon nitride, with the mass ratio of alumina, silicon dioxide, and silicon nitride being 3:2:1 to 5:3:2.

[0009] Furthermore, the total amount of weather-resistant functional additives added to the functional layer is 1.5% to 4% of the total mass of the bio-based polyfuran ester and fluorocarbon resin, and the mass ratio of ultraviolet absorber, antioxidant and salt spray resistant additive is 1:1:1 to 2:1:1; the ultraviolet absorber is selected from one of UV-531, UV-327 and UV-329; the antioxidant is selected from hindered phenolic antioxidants 1010 and 1076 or phosphite antioxidant 168; the salt spray resistant additive is selected from one of zinc phosphate and aluminum tripolyphosphate.

[0010] Furthermore, the hydrophobic agent in the protective layer is selected from one or more of methyltrimethoxysilane, perfluorooctyltriethoxysilane, and perfluorodecyltriethoxysilane, and the amount added is 1% to 3% of the mass of the film-forming substance formed by the fluorocarbon resin and polyfuran carboxylate.

[0011] On the other hand, a weather-resistant antenna surface coating process is provided, the preparation method of which includes the following steps: S100, Substrate pretreatment: Cleaning and drying the metal or ceramic substrate to obtain a clean substrate; S200, Plasma Activation: A clean substrate is placed in a plasma treatment device, and a mixture of argon and oxygen is introduced to etch and activate the surface of the substrate. S300, Prepolymer Preparation: Polyfuran carboxylic acid and diol are used as raw materials to synthesize polyfuran carboxylic acid prepolymer through catalytic reaction; S400, Low-temperature in-situ gradient film formation: In a temperature environment of 30 to 60°C, in a plasma treatment device, raw material components that form a transition layer, a functional layer and a protective layer are sequentially introduced onto the surface of the activated substrate. In-situ polymerization and assembly are carried out on the substrate surface to form a three-layer gradient structure coating. S500, Post-treatment: The substrate after film formation is kept at 30 to 60°C and subjected to gradient cooling treatment until it is cooled to room temperature to form a weather-resistant composite coating.

[0012] Furthermore, the cleaning and drying process includes: degreasing the substrate with an alkaline solution of 5% to 8% by mass at 50 to 60°C for 20 to 30 minutes; derusting the substrate with a weakly acidic solution of 10% to 15% by mass at room temperature for 5 to 10 minutes; ultrasonic cleaning with anhydrous ethanol at 30 to 40°C and 200 to 300W power for 15 to 25 minutes; and drying the substrate with dry compressed air with a dew point ≤ -40°C and a pressure of 0.4 to 0.6 MPa.

[0013] Furthermore, the plasma activation treatment is carried out in a low vacuum environment with a vacuum degree of -0.08 to -0.05 MPa; the volume ratio of argon to oxygen is 3:1 to 5:1; the processing power is selected in the range of 120 to 300 W according to the thickness of the substrate, and the processing time is 5 to 20 min.

[0014] Furthermore, the molar ratio of furanoic acid to diol is 1:1.05 to 1:1.2; the catalytic reaction includes: first, an esterification reaction at 70 to 90°C for 2 to 4 hours, and then a polycondensation reaction at 95 to 110°C under reduced pressure for 3 to 6 hours; the diol is selected from ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, and butanediol.

[0015] Furthermore, the raw material components forming the transition layer include the polyfuran carboxylate prepolymer, elastomer, and ceramic powder; the raw material components forming the functional layer include the polyfuran carboxylate prepolymer, fluorocarbon monomer, and the weather-resistant functional additive; the raw material components forming the protective layer include the polyfuran carboxylate prepolymer, fluorocarbon monomer, and hydrophobic agent; the fluorocarbon monomer is polyvinylidene fluoride monomer, and the mass feed ratio of the fluorocarbon monomer to the polyfuran carboxylate prepolymer is 1:3; the weather-resistant functional additive is introduced by atomization spraying, with an atomization pressure of 0.2 to 0.3 MPa; the formation time ratio of the transition layer, functional layer, and protective layer is 1:1:1, and the total film formation time is 60 to 90 minutes.

[0016] Compared with existing technologies, this weather-resistant antenna surface coating material and its coating process have the following advantages: I. This invention achieves synergistic optimization of coating performance by constructing a three-layer gradient coating structure and combining it with a hybrid matrix resin formed by bio-based polyfuran ester and fluorocarbon resin. The continuous gradient change of the elastomeric phase and ceramic phase in the transition layer effectively alleviates the interfacial stress between the substrate and the functional layer, improves the interlayer bonding tightness, and avoids delamination and peeling problems during long-term use. The functional layer uses the hybrid structure as the continuous phase and is compounded with a variety of weather-resistant functional additives to form a comprehensive weather-resistant protection system that can resist multiple environmental challenges such as ultraviolet radiation, oxidative aging, and salt spray corrosion. The protective layer is modified with a hydrophobic agent to form a dense superhydrophobic structure, reducing the adhesion of water vapor and pollutants and further blocking the penetration of corrosive media. At the same time, the introduction of bio-based resin takes into account environmental protection properties, so that the coating has excellent weather resistance while meeting the needs of green development.

[0017] II. This invention achieves efficient bonding and high-quality film formation between the coating and substrate through optimized collaborative design of the coating process. The combination of substrate pretreatment and plasma activation removes impurities from the substrate surface and activates surface active sites, laying a good foundation for coating adhesion. The low-temperature in-situ gradient film formation process can complete the in-situ polymerization and assembly of raw materials in each layer under mild conditions, avoiding damage to the substrate caused by high temperatures, while ensuring the continuity, uniformity, and functional synergy of each layer structure. The specific introduction method of weather-resistant functional additives promotes their uniform dispersion in the functional layers and fully exerts their effects. The gradient cooling process in post-treatment further eliminates internal stress in the coating, improving the density and structural stability of the coating. The entire process is coherent and efficient, requiring no complex high-temperature equipment, reducing production energy consumption and costs, and is compatible with various substrate types, providing a guarantee for the large-scale application of antenna coatings and effectively extending the overall service life of the antenna and the reliability of signal transmission.

[0018] Other advantages, objectives and features of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows, and in part will be apparent to those skilled in the art from the following examination or study, or may be learned from the practice of the invention. Attached Figure Description

[0019] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the accompanying drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are merely some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without any creative effort.

[0020] Figure 1 A flowchart illustrating the steps of a weather-resistant antenna surface coating process; Figure 2 A flowchart of a weather-resistant antenna surface coating process; Figure 3 This is a flow chart of the plasma etching activation process for an antenna substrate, which is a coating process for antenna surfaces with strong weather resistance. Detailed Implementation

[0021] To further illustrate the technical means and effects of the present invention in achieving its intended purpose, the following detailed description of the specific implementation methods, structures, features, and effects of the present invention, in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and preferred embodiments, is provided below.

[0022] Example 1: Coating material preparation: Bio-based polyfuranose ester: number average molecular weight 5000, carboxyl group content on molecular chain 0.5mmol / g, hydroxyl group content 1.0mmol / g; fluorocarbon resin: polyvinylidene fluoride; elastomer phase raw material: nitrile rubber; ceramic phase raw material: alumina, silicon dioxide, silicon nitride, mass ratio 3:2:1; weather-resistant functional additives: ultraviolet absorber UV-531, antioxidant 1010, salt spray resistant additive zinc phosphate, mass ratio 1:1:1; hydrophobic agent: methyltrimethoxysilane; substrate: aluminum substrate, size 50mm×50mm×2mm; other raw materials: furanose ester, ethylene glycol, tetrabutyl titanate, sodium hydroxide, hydrochloric acid, anhydrous ethanol, argon, oxygen.

[0023] Coating process implementation, such as Figure 1 As shown: S100. Substrate Pretreatment: Prepare a 5% (w / w) sodium hydroxide alkaline solution, immerse the aluminum substrate in the solution, and degrease at 50°C for 20 minutes to remove oil and impurities from the substrate surface; prepare a 10% (w / w) hydrochloric acid weak acid solution, and immerse the degreased substrate in the solution at room temperature for 5 minutes to remove the surface oxide rust layer; after removing the substrate, place it in an ultrasonic cleaning tank containing anhydrous ethanol and ultrasonically clean it at 30°C and 200W power for 15 minutes to further remove residual impurities; finally, use dry compressed air with a dew point of -40°C and a pressure of 0.4MPa to dry the substrate surface to obtain a clean substrate.

[0024] S200, Plasma Activation: Place the clean substrate into the plasma treatment device, close the device door and evacuate to a vacuum level of -0.08MPa; then introduce a mixture of argon and oxygen, controlling the volume ratio of the two to 3:1, adjust the treatment power to 120W, and perform etching activation treatment on the substrate surface for 5 minutes. After activation, maintain the stability of the environment inside the device.

[0025] S300, Prepolymer Preparation: Weigh the raw materials according to the molar ratio of furfural acid to ethylene glycol 1:1.05, add them to a reactor equipped with a stirrer, thermometer and condenser, and then add 0.5% of the total mass of the raw materials of tetrabutyl titanate catalyst; raise the reactor temperature to 70℃, stir at 300r / min, and carry out the esterification reaction for 2h; raise the temperature to 95℃, and at the same time turn on the pressure reducing device to reduce the pressure in the reactor to 0.05MPa, and carry out the polycondensation reaction for 3h. After the reaction is completed, the polyfuran ester prepolymer is obtained and sealed for later use.

[0026] S400, Low-Temperature In-Situ Gradient Film Formation: Adjust the temperature inside the plasma processing device to 30°C, maintain a stable vacuum, and begin introducing the raw material components of each layer sequentially: Transition layer formation: Weigh nitrile rubber and composite ceramic powder at a mass ratio of 70:30 for elastomer phase to ceramic phase, mix them evenly with polyfuran carboxylate prepolymer, and introduce them into the substrate surface through a feeding device. Control the film formation time to 20 minutes. During this process, the proportion of elastomer phase gradually decreases from 70% to 20% along the coating thickness direction, and the proportion of ceramic phase gradually increases from 30% to 80%, thus completing the in-situ polymerization and assembly of the transition layer. Functional layer formation: Weigh the polyfuran carboxylate prepolymer and polyvinylidene fluoride monomer at a mass ratio of 3:1 to bio-based polyfuran carboxylate and fluorocarbon resin, mix them, add weather-resistant functional additives, introduce them by atomization spraying, control the film formation time to 20 min, and form a functional layer with a hybrid structure as the continuous phase and weather-resistant functional additives uniformly dispersed. Protective layer formation: Weigh the polyfuran carboxylate prepolymer and polyvinylidene fluoride monomer at a mass ratio of 3:1 to bio-based polyfuran carboxylate and fluorocarbon resin, mix them to prepare a film-forming material, add 1% of the mass of the film-forming material as a methyltrimethoxysilane hydrophobic agent, stir evenly and introduce it into the device, control the film formation time to 20 min, and form a protective layer with a dense superhydrophobic structure on the outer surface of the functional layer; the total film formation time is 60 min, and a three-layer gradient structure coating preform is obtained.

[0027] S500, Post-treatment: The substrate after film formation is left in the original device and kept at a constant temperature of 30°C for 2 hours. Then, it is cooled in a gradient manner at a rate of 5°C / h until it is cooled to room temperature, and finally a weather-resistant composite coating is formed.

[0028] Example 2: Coating material preparation: Bio-based polyfuranose ester: number average molecular weight 10,000, carboxyl group content on molecular chain 1.2 mmol / g, hydroxyl group content 2.0 mmol / g; fluorocarbon resin: polytetrafluoroethylene; elastomer phase raw material: methyl vinyl silicone rubber; ceramic phase raw material: alumina, silicon dioxide, silicon nitride, mass ratio 4:2.5:1.5; weather-resistant functional additives: ultraviolet absorber UV-327, antioxidant 168, salt spray resistant additive aluminum tripolyphosphate, mass ratio 1.5:1:1; hydrophobic agent: perfluorooctyltriethoxysilane; substrate: ceramic substrate, size 50mm×50mm×3mm; other raw materials: furanose ester, propylene glycol, tetrabutyl titanate, sodium hydroxide, sulfuric acid, anhydrous ethanol, argon, oxygen.

[0029] Coating process implementation, such as Figure 2 As shown: S100. Substrate pretreatment: Prepare a 6.5% sodium hydroxide alkaline solution, immerse the ceramic substrate in it, and degrease at 55°C for 25 min; prepare a 12% sulfuric acid weak acid solution and derust the substrate at room temperature for 8 min; ultrasonically clean with anhydrous ethanol at 35°C and 250W for 20 min; dry with dry compressed air at a dew point of -45°C and a pressure of 0.5MPa to obtain a clean substrate.

[0030] S200, Plasma Activation: Place the clean substrate into the plasma treatment device, evacuate to -0.065MPa, introduce a mixture of argon and oxygen, adjust the treatment power to 200W, and activate for 12 minutes.

[0031] S300, Preparation of prepolymer: Weigh the raw materials according to the molar ratio of furfural acid to propylene glycol 1:1.1, add them to the reaction vessel, and add 0.6% of tetrabutyl titanate by mass of the raw materials; esterify at 80℃ for 3h, and then polycondense at 100℃ and 0.04MPa for 4.5h to obtain polyfuran ester prepolymer, which is then sealed and stored.

[0032] S400, Low-Temperature In-Situ Gradient Film Formation: Adjust the temperature inside the device to 45℃, maintain a stable vacuum, and begin introducing the raw material components of each layer sequentially: Transition layer formation: Methyl vinyl silicone rubber and composite ceramic powder were weighed according to the mass ratio of elastomer phase to ceramic phase of 45:55, mixed with polyurethane prepolymer, and introduced onto the substrate surface. The film formation time was 25 min. The proportion of elastomer phase gradually decreased from 45% to 25%, and the proportion of ceramic phase gradually increased from 55% to 75%. Functional layer formation: Weigh the raw materials according to the mass ratio of bio-based polyfuran carboxylate to fluorocarbon resin 4:1, mix them, add weather-resistant functional additives, introduce them by atomized spraying, and the film formation time is 25 min. Protective layer formation: Weigh the raw materials according to the above mass ratio to prepare film-forming material, add 2% of perfluorooctyltriethoxysilane by mass of film-forming material, mix and introduce into the device, film formation time 25 min; total film formation time 75 min, to obtain coating preform.

[0033] S500, Post-treatment: The film-forming substrate is kept at 45℃ for 3 hours, and then cooled to room temperature at a rate of 6℃ / h to form a composite coating.

[0034] Example 3: Coating material preparation: Bio-based polyfuranose ester: number average molecular weight 15000, carboxyl group content on molecular chain 2.0 mmol / g, hydroxyl group content 3.0 mmol / g; fluorocarbon resin: perfluoroethylene propylene; elastomer phase raw material: fluororubber; ceramic phase raw material: alumina, silicon dioxide, silicon nitride, mass ratio 5:3:2; weather-resistant functional additives: ultraviolet absorber UV-329, antioxidant 1076, salt spray resistant additive zinc phosphate, mass ratio 2:1:1; hydrophobic agent: perfluorodecyltriethoxysilane; substrate: metal steel substrate, size 50mm×50mm×2.5mm; other raw materials: furanose ester, butanediol, tetrabutyl titanate, sodium hydroxide, nitric acid, anhydrous ethanol, argon, oxygen.

[0035] Coating process implementation, such as Figure 3 As shown: S100. Substrate pretreatment: Prepare an 8% sodium hydroxide alkaline solution and degrease the metal steel substrate at 55°C for 30 min; prepare a 15% nitric acid weak acid solution and derust at room temperature for 10 min; ultrasonically clean with anhydrous ethanol at 40°C and 300W for 25 min; finally, dry with dry compressed air at a dew point of -50°C and a pressure of 0.6MPa to obtain a clean substrate.

[0036] S200, Plasma Activation: Place the substrate into the plasma treatment device, evacuate to -0.05MPa, introduce a mixture of argon and oxygen, adjust the treatment power to 300W, and activate for 20 minutes.

[0037] S300, Preparation of prepolymer: Weigh the raw materials according to the molar ratio of furfural acid to butanediol 1:1.2, add them to the reaction vessel, and add 0.8% of the total mass of tetrabutyl titanate; esterify at 90℃ for 4h, and then polycondense at 110℃ and 0.03MPa for 6h to obtain polyfuran ester prepolymer, which is then sealed for later use.

[0038] S400, Low-Temperature In-Situ Gradient Film Formation: Adjust the temperature inside the device to 60℃, maintain a stable vacuum, and begin introducing the raw material components of each layer sequentially: Transition layer formation: Fluororubber and composite ceramic powder were weighed at a mass ratio of 20:80 for elastomer phase to ceramic phase, mixed with polyurethane prepolymer, and introduced onto the substrate surface. The film formation time was 30 min. The proportion of elastomer phase gradually decreased from 20% to 10%, and the proportion of ceramic phase gradually increased from 80% to 90%. Functional layer formation: Weigh the raw materials according to the mass ratio of bio-based polyfuran carboxylate to fluorocarbon resin 5:1, mix them, add weather-resistant functional additives, introduce them by atomized spraying, and the film formation time is 30 min. Protective layer formation: Weigh the raw materials according to the above mass ratio to prepare film-forming material, add 3% of perfluorodecyltriethoxysilane by mass of film-forming material, mix and introduce into the device, film formation time is 30 min; total film formation time is 90 min, and a coating preform is obtained.

[0039] S500, Post-treatment: The film-forming substrate is kept at 60℃ for 4 hours, and then cooled to room temperature at a rate of 8℃ / h to form a composite coating.

[0040] Comparative example: Coating material preparation: Fluorocarbon resin: polyvinylidene fluoride, without added bio-based polyfuranose ester; Elastomer phase raw material: nitrile rubber; Ceramic phase raw material: alumina, silicon dioxide, silicon nitride, mass ratio 3:2:1; Weather-resistant functional additives: UV absorber UV-531, antioxidant 1010, salt spray resistant additive zinc phosphate, mass ratio 1:1:1; Hydrophobic agent: not added; Substrate: aluminum substrate, size 50mm×50mm×2mm; Other raw materials: furanose ester, ethylene glycol, tetrabutyl titanate, sodium hydroxide, hydrochloric acid, anhydrous ethanol, argon, oxygen.

[0041] Coating process implementation: S100. Substrate Pretreatment: Prepare a 5% (w / w) sodium hydroxide alkaline solution, immerse the aluminum substrate in the solution, and degrease at 50°C for 20 minutes to remove oil and impurities from the substrate surface; prepare a 10% (w / w) hydrochloric acid weak acid solution, and immerse the degreased substrate in the solution at room temperature for 5 minutes to remove the surface oxide rust layer; after removing the substrate, place it in an ultrasonic cleaning tank containing anhydrous ethanol and ultrasonically clean it at 30°C and 200W power for 15 minutes to further remove residual impurities; finally, use dry compressed air with a dew point of -40°C and a pressure of 0.4MPa to dry the substrate surface to obtain a clean substrate.

[0042] S200, Plasma Activation: Place the clean substrate into the plasma treatment device, close the device door and evacuate to a vacuum level of -0.08MPa; then introduce a mixture of argon and oxygen, controlling the volume ratio of the two to 3:1, adjust the treatment power to 120W, and perform etching activation treatment on the substrate surface for 5 minutes. After activation, maintain the stability of the environment inside the device.

[0043] S300, Film Forming Treatment: No prepolymer preparation step is performed. Fluorocarbon resin, nitrile rubber, composite ceramic powder and weather-resistant functional additives are directly mixed evenly and coated onto the substrate surface by spraying at 30°C to form a single coating. The spraying time is 60 minutes. After that, the coating is kept at 30°C for 2 hours and then naturally cooled to room temperature.

[0044] To visually demonstrate the technical effects of the embodiments and comparative examples of the present invention, key performance indicators of each example were tested, and the test results are summarized in the table below: As can be seen from the above embodiments and comparative examples, the present invention, through a three-layer gradient structure design, combined with a specific ratio of bio-based polyfuran ester and fluorocarbon resin, precise addition of functional additives, and a low-temperature in-situ gradient film formation process, enables the coating to exhibit excellent performance in terms of UV aging resistance, salt spray resistance, adhesion, and superhydrophobic properties. The comparative examples, lacking the core features of bio-based polyfuran ester, gradient transition layer structure, and hydrophobic modification of the protective layer, show significantly inferior weather resistance and stability compared to the embodiments of the present invention, fully demonstrating the rationality and superiority of the technical solution of the present invention. The coating material of the present invention can meet the long-term use requirements of antennas in complex outdoor environments and has good practical application value.

[0045] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention in any way. Although the present invention has been disclosed above with reference to preferred embodiments, it is not intended to limit the present invention. Any person skilled in the art can make some modifications or alterations to the above-disclosed technical content to create equivalent embodiments without departing from the scope of the present invention. Any simple modifications, equivalent changes and alterations made to the above embodiments based on the technical essence of the present invention without departing from the scope of the present invention shall still fall within the scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A weather-resistant antenna surface coating material, characterized in that, The antenna surface coating material has a three-layer gradient structure, consisting of a transition layer, a functional layer, and a protective layer from the inside out. The matrix resin of the antenna surface coating material comprises bio-based polyfuran ester and fluorocarbon resin; The transition layer comprises an elastomeric phase and a ceramic phase, and the mass ratio of the elastomeric phase to the ceramic phase varies continuously along the coating thickness direction. The functional layer comprises a hybrid structure formed by the bio-based polyfuran carboxylate and fluorocarbon resin as a continuous phase, and weather-resistant functional additives dispersed in the continuous phase, including ultraviolet absorbers, antioxidants and salt spray resistant additives. The protective layer comprises a film-forming material modified with a hydrophobic agent and composed of a hybrid of fluorocarbon resin and polyfuran carboxylate, and the outer surface of the protective layer has a dense superhydrophobic structure.

2. The weather-resistant antenna surface coating material according to claim 1, characterized in that, The bio-based polyfuran carboxylate has a number average molecular weight of 5,000 to 15,000, and the content of carboxyl groups on the molecular chain is 0.5 to 2.0 mmol / g, and the content of hydroxyl groups is 1.0 to 3.0 mmol / g; the fluorocarbon resin is selected from one of polyvinylidene fluoride, polytetrafluoroethylene, and perfluoroethylene propylene; the mass ratio of the bio-based polyfuran carboxylate to the fluorocarbon resin is 3:1 to 5:

1.

3. The weather-resistant antenna surface coating material according to claim 1, characterized in that, The transition layer comprises an elastomer phase with a mass ratio of 20% to 70% and a ceramic phase with a mass ratio of 30% to 80%, with the elastomer phase gradually decreasing and the ceramic phase gradually increasing from the side closest to the substrate to the side connecting the functional layer. The elastomer phase is selected from one or more of nitrile rubber, methyl vinyl silicone rubber, and fluororubber. The ceramic phase is a composite powder of alumina, silicon dioxide, and silicon nitride, with the mass ratio of alumina, silicon dioxide, and silicon nitride being 3:2:1 to 5:3:

2.

4. The weather-resistant antenna surface coating material according to claim 1, characterized in that, The total amount of weather-resistant functional additives added to the functional layer is 1.5% to 4% of the total mass of the bio-based polyfuran ester and fluorocarbon resin, and the mass ratio of ultraviolet absorber, antioxidant and salt spray resistant additive is 1:1:1 to 2:1:1; the ultraviolet absorber is selected from one of UV-531, UV-327 and UV-329; the antioxidant is selected from hindered phenolic antioxidants 1010 and 1076 or phosphite antioxidant 168; the salt spray resistant additive is selected from one of zinc phosphate and aluminum tripolyphosphate.

5. The weather-resistant antenna surface coating material according to claim 1, characterized in that, The hydrophobic agent in the protective layer is selected from one or more of methyltrimethoxysilane, perfluorooctyltriethoxysilane, and perfluorodecyltriethoxysilane, and the amount added is 1% to 3% of the mass of the film-forming substance formed by the fluorocarbon resin and polyfuran carboxylate.

6. A weather-resistant antenna surface coating process, wherein the method is used to prepare a weather-resistant antenna surface coating material according to any one of claims 1-5, characterized in that, The specific steps of this preparation method are as follows: S100, Substrate pretreatment: Cleaning and drying the metal or ceramic substrate to obtain a clean substrate; S200, Plasma Activation: A clean substrate is placed in a plasma treatment device, and a mixture of argon and oxygen is introduced to etch and activate the surface of the substrate. S300, Prepolymer Preparation: Polyfuran carboxylic acid and diol are used as raw materials to synthesize polyfuran carboxylic acid prepolymer through catalytic reaction; S400, Low-temperature in-situ gradient film formation: In a temperature environment of 30 to 60°C, in a plasma treatment device, raw material components that form a transition layer, a functional layer and a protective layer are sequentially introduced onto the surface of the activated substrate. In-situ polymerization and assembly are carried out on the substrate surface to form a three-layer gradient structure coating. S500, Post-treatment: The substrate after film formation is kept at 30 to 60°C and subjected to gradient cooling treatment until it is cooled to room temperature to form a weather-resistant composite coating.

7. The weather-resistant antenna surface coating process according to claim 6, characterized in that, In step S100, the cleaning and drying process includes: degreasing the substrate with an alkaline solution of 5% to 8% by mass at 50 to 60°C for 20 to 30 minutes; derusting the substrate with a weakly acidic solution of 10% to 15% by mass at room temperature for 5 to 10 minutes; ultrasonically cleaning the substrate with anhydrous ethanol at 30 to 40°C and 200 to 300W power for 15 to 25 minutes; and drying the substrate with dry compressed air with a dew point ≤ -40°C and a pressure of 0.4 to 0.6 MPa.

8. The weather-resistant antenna surface coating process according to claim 6, characterized in that, In step S200, the plasma activation treatment is carried out in a low vacuum environment with a vacuum degree of -0.08 to -0.05 MPa; the volume ratio of argon to oxygen is 3:1 to 5:1; the processing power is selected in the range of 120 to 300 W according to the thickness of the substrate; and the processing time is 5 to 20 min.

9. The weather-resistant antenna surface coating process according to claim 6, characterized in that, In step S300, the molar ratio of furanoic acid to diol is 1:1.05 to 1:1.2; the catalytic reaction includes: first, an esterification reaction is carried out at 70 to 90°C for 2 to 4 hours, and then a polycondensation reaction is carried out at 95 to 110°C under reduced pressure for 3 to 6 hours; the diol is selected from ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, and butanediol.

10. The weather-resistant antenna surface coating process according to claim 6, characterized in that, In step S400, the raw material components forming the transition layer include the polyfuran carboxylate prepolymer, elastomer, and ceramic powder; the raw material components forming the functional layer include the polyfuran carboxylate prepolymer, fluorocarbon monomer, and the weather-resistant functional additive; the raw material components forming the protective layer include the polyfuran carboxylate prepolymer, fluorocarbon monomer, and hydrophobic agent; the fluorocarbon monomer is polyvinylidene fluoride monomer, and the mass feed ratio of the fluorocarbon monomer to the polyfuran carboxylate prepolymer is 1:3; the weather-resistant functional additive is introduced by atomization spraying, and the atomization pressure is 0.2 to 0.3 MPa; the formation time ratio of the transition layer, functional layer, and protective layer is 1:1:1, and the total film formation time is 60 to 90 min.

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