Variable-diameter full-section cutting cutterhead and using method thereof

Abstract

The invention relates to the field of tunnel construction engineering, in particular to a variable-diameter full-section cutting cutterhead and a using method thereof. Comprising a fixing ring which can be fixed at the front end of the shield tunneling machine; one ends of the cutter spokes are connected to the outer side of the fixing ring, and the included angles between the adjacent cutter spokes are equal; the plurality of hobs are rotatably arranged on the cutter spokes and the fixing ring; each cutter spoke is provided with one cutting tool bit, and the cutting tool bits can move in the axial direction of the cutter spokes; the driving mechanism is arranged on the cutter spokes, connected with the cutting tool bits and used for driving the cutting tool bits to move; the plurality of arc-shaped inner-layer ring beams are connected between the adjacent cutter spokes, and the plurality of inner-layer ring beams enclose to form a circular ring; and the control system is in control connection with the driving mechanism. The variable-cross-section tunnel excavation device has the beneficial effects that the movable cutting tool bits are arranged on the cutter spokes, the moving speed, the moving direction and the moving stroke of the cutting tool bits are controlled through the driving mechanism, the cutting range of the cutting tool bits is changed, and therefore excavation of a variable-cross-section tunnel is achieved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of tunnel construction engineering, and specifically to a variable diameter full-section cutting cutterhead and its method of use. Background Technology

[0002] For the arrangement of cutterhead cutting combinations in underground tunneling machines with irregular cross-sections, the current common configurations are multiple rotary cutterhead combinations and rotary cutterhead plus eccentric oscillating cutterhead combinations.

[0003] However, both of these combinations have their shortcomings: the combination of multiple rotary cutterheads will inevitably have a cutting blind zone, making it impossible to achieve full-section cutting; while the combination of rotary cutterhead and oscillating cutterhead has relatively low adaptability to complex formations. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to overcome the shortcomings of the prior art and provide a variable diameter full-section cutting head and its usage method, which solves the problems that existing cutting heads have a cutting blind zone and cannot achieve full-section cutting, and have relatively low adaptability to composite formations.

[0005] The technical solution to achieve the above objectives is: This invention provides a variable diameter full-section cutting tool head, comprising: A fixed ring can be fixed to the front end of the tunnel boring machine, and the tunnel boring machine can drive the fixed ring to rotate; Several cutterhead spokes are connected at one end to the outside of the fixed ring, and the included angle between adjacent cutterhead spokes is equal; Several hobbing cutters are rotatably mounted on the spokes and fixed ring of the cutter head; Several cutting heads are provided, with a cutting head provided at the end of each cutter disc spoke away from the fixed ring, and the cutting head can move along the axial direction of the cutter disc spoke to adjust the cutting range so as to cut out tunnels with different inner diameters; A drive mechanism, located on the spokes of the cutter head and connected to the cutting head, is used to drive the cutting head to move. Several arc-shaped inner ring beams are connected between adjacent cutterhead spokes, and the several inner ring beams form a circular ring. The control system is connected to the drive mechanism and controls the travel, direction, and speed of the cutting head by controlling the drive mechanism.

[0006] Furthermore, the driving mechanism is a hydraulic cylinder, and a hydraulic cylinder is fixedly provided at one end of each cutter head spoke away from the fixed ring. The cutting head is movably disposed in the hydraulic cylinder, and the hydraulic cylinder can control the extension length of the cutting head.

[0007] Furthermore, it also includes several arc-shaped outer ring beams of the cutter head, located between adjacent cutter head spokes, and with both ends connected to the end of the corresponding hydraulic cylinder away from the cutter head spokes to form a ring. The size of the ring formed is larger than the size of the ring formed by the inner ring beams.

[0008] Furthermore, it also includes a hob support, the number of which is equal to the number of spokes on the cutter head. There is one hob support between every two adjacent spokes on the cutter head. The hob support is fixed to the inner ring beam and the outer ring beam of the cutter head. Several hobs are rotatably mounted on the hob support.

[0009] Furthermore, the central axis of the hobbing cutter support passes through the center of the fixing ring and is equal to the included angle between it and the corresponding two cutter head spokes; One end of the hobbing cutter bracket is flush with the outer ring beam of the cutter head, and the other end is flush with the inner ring beam.

[0010] Furthermore, the inner ring beam has two types, including the inner ring beam of the cutter head and the middle ring beam of the cutter head. The size of the middle ring beam of the cutter head is larger than that of the inner ring beam of the cutter head, and the inner ring beam of the cutter head is located inside the middle ring beam of the cutter head.

[0011] Furthermore, the cutting tool head is equipped with a displacement sensor, which is connected to the control system.

[0012] This invention also provides a method for using a variable diameter full-section cutting tool head, specifically including the following steps: The cutting head is fixed to the front end of the tunnel boring machine by means of the fixing ring; Based on the inner diameter of the tunnel to be excavated, the cutting head is driven by the drive mechanism to move along the axial direction of the cutter head spokes, so as to change the cutting range of the cutting head; The tunnel boring machine drives the fixed ring to rotate, thereby driving the entire cutting disc to rotate, and at the same time, the hobbing cutter is activated.

[0013] Furthermore, when the cross-section of the tunnel to be excavated is irregular, during the rotation of the cutting disc, the control system controls the travel, direction, and speed of the cutting head through the drive mechanism, so that the cross-section of the excavated tunnel is the same as the design.

[0014] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: By setting movable cutting heads on the spokes of the cutter head, and controlling the moving speed, moving direction and moving stroke of the cutting heads through the drive mechanism, the cutting head can change the cutting range, thereby realizing the excavation of tunnels with variable cross sections. Attached Figure Description

[0015] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the telescopic cutter head of the variable diameter full-section cutting cutter head of the present invention in the extended state.

[0016] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the retracted state of the telescopic cutter head of the variable diameter full-section cutting disc of the present invention.

[0017] Figure 3 This is a partial structural schematic diagram of the variable diameter full-section cutting tool head of the present invention.

[0018] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram comparing the cutting range of the variable diameter full-section cutting tool head of the present invention.

[0019] Legend: 1. Fixing ring; 2. Cutter head spokes; 3. Hob holder; 4. Hydraulic cylinder; 5. Cutting head; 6. Inner ring beam of cutter head; 7. Middle ring beam of cutter head; 8. Outer ring beam of cutter head; 9. Hob. Detailed Implementation

[0020] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0021] See Figure 1 This invention provides a variable-diameter full-section cutting disc and its usage method, solving the problems of existing cutting discs having a cutting blind zone that prevents full-section cutting and having relatively low adaptability to complex geological formations. To address the issue of the cutting blind zone, this invention discloses the installation of cutting heads on the disc spokes, allowing these heads to move axially along the spokes, thereby changing the cutting range and enabling the excavation of tunnels with different inner diameters. A control system is implemented to adjust the cutting head's direction, path, and speed. When the tunnel to be excavated has an irregular cross-section, such as an ellipse, the control system, through a drive assembly, drives the cutting head to change its extension length, speed, and direction as the disc rotates, thus varying the cutting range and creating tunnels with variable cross-sections.

[0022] The following description, in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, illustrates a variable diameter full-section cutting tool head according to the present invention and its usage method.

[0023] See Figure 1 This diagram shows the telescopic cutter head extension state of the variable diameter full-section cutting cutter head of the present invention. (See attached diagram.) Figure 2 This diagram illustrates the retracted state of the telescopic cutter head of the variable diameter full-section cutting tool disc of the present invention. (See also...) Figure 3 This image shows a partial structural schematic diagram of the variable diameter full-section cutting tool head of the present invention. The following is in conjunction with... Figures 1 to 3This invention describes a variable diameter full-section cutting tool head and its usage method.

[0024] like Figures 1 to 3 As shown, a variable diameter full-section cutting tool head of the present invention includes: The fixed ring 1 can be fixed to the front end of the tunnel boring machine, and the tunnel boring machine can drive the fixed ring 1 to rotate; Several cutterhead spokes 2 are connected at one end to the outside of the fixed ring 1, and the included angle between adjacent cutterhead spokes 2 is equal; Several hobbing cutters 9 are rotatably mounted on the cutter head spokes 2 and the fixing ring 1; A plurality of cutting heads 5 are provided, and each cutting disc spoke 2 is provided with a cutting head 5 at one end away from the fixed ring 1. The cutting head 5 can move along the axial direction of the cutting disc spoke 2, thereby adjusting the cutting range to cut out tunnels with different inner diameters. A drive mechanism is provided on the spokes 2 of the cutter head and connected to the cutting head 5, for driving the cutting head 5 to move; Several arc-shaped inner ring beams are connected between adjacent cutterhead spokes 2, and the several inner ring beams form a circular ring. The control system is connected to the drive mechanism and controls the travel, direction, and speed of the cutting head 5 by controlling the drive mechanism.

[0025] Before excavating the tunnel, the cutting head 5 is moved along the axial direction of the cutterhead spokes 2 to adjust to the corresponding length according to the inner diameter of the tunnel to be excavated. When the cross-section of the tunnel is irregular (such as...), Figure 4 As shown, when the cutting head rotates, the control system controls the travel, direction and speed of the cutting head 5 through the drive mechanism, so that the cutting head 5 continuously adjusts the cutting range, thereby cutting out a tunnel with an irregular cross-section.

[0026] Preferably, the control system is connected to the tunnel boring machine (TBM) control system, and the control system can adjust the rotation speed of the cutterhead through the TBM.

[0027] In one specific embodiment, the driving mechanism is a hydraulic cylinder 4. Each of the cutter head spokes 2 is fixedly provided with a hydraulic cylinder 4 at one end away from the fixed ring 1. The cutting head 5 is movably disposed in the hydraulic cylinder 4. The hydraulic cylinder 4 can control the extension length of the cutting head 5.

[0028] In one specific embodiment, it also includes a plurality of arc-shaped outer ring beams 8, located between adjacent cutter disc spokes 2, and both ends of which are connected to the ends of the corresponding hydraulic cylinders 4 away from the cutter disc spokes 2 to form a ring. The size of the ring formed is larger than the size of the ring formed by the inner ring beams.

[0029] In one specific embodiment, it also includes a hobbing cutter support 3, the number of which is equal to the number of the cutter disc spokes 2, and there is a hobbing cutter support 3 between every two adjacent cutter disc spokes 2. The hobbing cutter support 3 is fixed to the inner ring beam and the outer ring beam 8 of the cutter disc, and a plurality of hobbing cutters 9 are rotatably provided on the hobbing cutter support 3.

[0030] In one specific embodiment, the central axis of the hobbing cutter support 3 passes through the center of the fixing ring 1 and is equal to the included angle between it and the corresponding two cutter disc spokes 2; One end of the hobbing cutter bracket 3 is flush with the outer ring beam 8 of the cutter head, and the other end is flush with the inner ring beam.

[0031] In one specific embodiment, the inner ring beam has two types, including the inner ring beam 6 of the cutter head and the middle ring beam 7 of the cutter head. The size of the middle ring beam 7 of the cutter head is larger than the size of the inner ring beam 6 of the cutter head, and the inner ring beam 6 of the cutter head is located inside the middle ring beam 7 of the cutter head.

[0032] In one specific embodiment, the cutting head 5 is equipped with a displacement sensor, which is connected to the control system.

[0033] Specifically, the size of the central ring beam 7 of the cutter head is larger than that of the inner ring beam 6 and smaller than that of the outer ring beam 8. The central ring beam 7 is located outside the inner ring beam 6 and inside the outer ring beam 8. The central ring beam 7 is connected to the end of the cutter head spoke 2 away from the fixing ring 1. The hobs 9 on the hob bracket 3 are distributed on the side away from the fixing ring 1 and are distributed between the central ring beam 7 and the outer ring beam 8.

[0034] Since the central ring beam 7 of the cutterhead is connected to the end of the cutterhead spokes 2 away from the fixed ring 1, the hydraulic cylinder 4 is located between the central ring beam 7 and the outer ring beam 8 of the cutterhead. Because the hydraulic cylinder 4 does not have a hob cutter 9, the hob cutter 9 on the cutterhead spokes 2 cannot excavate within the area between the central ring beam 7 and the outer ring beam 8 of the cutterhead. Therefore, the hob cutter 9 on the hob cutter bracket 3 is positioned within the area between the central ring beam 7 and the outer ring beam 8 of the cutterhead.

[0035] The present invention also provides a method for using a variable diameter full-section cutting tool head, which specifically includes the following steps: The cutting disc is fixed to the front end of the tunnel boring machine by means of the fixing ring 1; According to the inner diameter of the tunnel to be excavated, the cutting head 5 is driven by the driving mechanism to move along the axial direction of the cutter head spokes 2, so as to change the cutting range of the cutting head 5. The tunnel boring machine drives the fixed ring 1 to rotate, thereby driving the entire cutting disc to rotate, and at the same time, the hobbing cutter 9 is activated.

[0036] In one specific embodiment, when the cross-section of the tunnel to be excavated is irregular, during the rotation of the cutting disc, the control system controls the travel, direction, and speed of the cutting head 5 through the drive mechanism, so that the cross-section of the excavated tunnel is the same as the design effect.

[0037] The following is a detailed description of the usage process and working principle of the variable diameter full-section cutting tool head of the present invention.

[0038] Based on the cross-section and inner diameter of the tunnel to be excavated, the control system drives the cutting head 5 to move along the axial direction of the cutter head spokes 2 through the drive mechanism until the cutting head 5 extends to the specified length.

[0039] Then the tunnel boring machine drives the cutting disc to rotate, which in turn drives the hobbing cutter 9 to rotate.

[0040] If the cross-section of the tunnel to be excavated is irregular, the control system drives the cutting head 5 to move through the drive mechanism when the cutting head rotates, thereby changing the cutting range of the cutting head 5 in real time to excavate the tunnel.

[0041] The present invention has been described in detail above with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. Those skilled in the art can make various modifications to the present invention based on the above description. Therefore, certain details in the embodiments should not be construed as limiting the present invention, and the scope of protection of the present invention shall be defined by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A variable diameter full-section cutting tool head, characterized in that: include: A fixed ring (1) can be fixed to the front end of the tunnel boring machine, and the tunnel boring machine can drive the fixed ring (1) to rotate; Several cutterhead spokes (2) are connected at one end to the outside of the fixed ring (1), and the included angle between adjacent cutterhead spokes (2) is equal; Several hobbing cutters (9) are rotatably mounted on the cutter head spokes (2) and the fixing ring (1); Several cutting heads (5), each cutter disc spoke (2) is provided with a cutting head (5) at one end away from the fixed ring (1), and the cutting head (5) can move along the axial direction of the cutter disc spoke (2) to adjust the cutting range so as to cut out tunnels with different inner diameters; A drive mechanism is provided on the spokes (2) of the cutter head and connected to the cutting head (5) for driving the cutting head (5) to move; Several arc-shaped inner ring beams are connected between adjacent cutterhead spokes (2), and the several inner ring beams form a circular ring; The control system is connected to the drive mechanism and controls the travel, direction and speed of the cutting head (5) by controlling the drive mechanism.

2. The variable diameter full-section cutting tool head according to claim 1, characterized in that: The driving mechanism is a hydraulic cylinder (4). Each of the cutter head spokes (2) is fixed with a hydraulic cylinder (4) at one end away from the fixed ring (1). The cutting head (5) is movably disposed in the hydraulic cylinder (4). The hydraulic cylinder (4) can control the extension length of the cutting head (5).

3. The variable diameter full-section cutting tool head according to claim 2, characterized in that: It also includes several arc-shaped outer ring beams (8) of the cutter head, located between adjacent cutter head spokes (2), and both ends of which are connected to the end of the corresponding hydraulic cylinder (4) away from the cutter head spokes (2) to form a ring. The size of the ring formed is larger than the size of the ring formed by the inner ring beams.

4. A variable diameter full-section cutting tool head according to claim 3, characterized in that: It also includes a hob support (3), the number of which is equal to the number of the cutter disc spokes (2). There is a hob support (3) between each two adjacent cutter disc spokes (2). The hob support (3) is fixed on the inner ring beam and the outer ring beam (8) of the cutter disc. Several hobs (9) are rotatably provided on the hob support (3).

5. A variable diameter full-section cutting tool head according to claim 4, characterized in that: The central axis of the hobbing cutter support (3) passes through the center of the fixing ring (1) and is equal to the included angle between it and the corresponding two cutter disc spokes (2); One end of the hobbing cutter bracket (3) is flush with the outer ring beam (8) of the cutter head, and the other end is flush with the inner ring beam.

6. A variable diameter full-section cutting tool head according to claim 1, characterized in that: The inner ring beam has two types, including the inner ring beam (6) of the cutter head and the middle ring beam (7) of the cutter head. The size of the middle ring beam (7) of the cutter head is larger than that of the inner ring beam (6) of the cutter head, and the inner ring beam (6) of the cutter head is located inside the middle ring beam (7) of the cutter head.

7. A variable diameter full-section cutting tool head according to claim 1, characterized in that: The cutting head (5) is equipped with a displacement sensor, which is connected to the control system.

8. A method of using a variable diameter full-section cutting tool head according to claim 1, characterized in that: Specifically, the steps include the following: The cutting disc is fixed to the front end of the tunnel boring machine by means of the fixing ring (1); According to the inner diameter of the tunnel to be excavated, the cutting head (5) is driven by the driving mechanism to move along the axial direction of the cutter head spokes (2) to change the cutting range of the cutting head (5); The shield machine drives the fixed ring (1) to rotate, thereby driving the entire cutting disc to rotate, and at the same time starts the hobbing cutter (9).

9. The method of using the variable diameter full-section cutting tool head according to claim 8, characterized in that: When the cross-section of the tunnel to be excavated is irregular, the cutting disc rotates, and the control system controls the movement stroke, movement direction and movement speed of the cutting head (5) through the drive mechanism, so that the cross-section of the excavated tunnel is the same as the design effect.

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