Rubber spring

Abstract

The embodiment of the invention provides a rubber spring. The rubber spring comprises an upper metal stop assembly, a lower metal stop assembly, a rubber vulcanization body and a middle supporting assembly. The upper metal stop assembly and the lower metal stop assembly are located at the upper end and the lower end of the rubber vulcanization body respectively. The middle supporting assembly is located in the middle of the rubber vulcanization body. The rubber vulcanized body is of an hourglass-shaped structure with a small diameter in the middle and large diameters at two ends, and the top surface and the bottom surface of the rubber vulcanized body are respectively provided with a concave hollow cavity; the laminated rubber bodies are located in the hollow cavities and fixed to the corresponding upper metal stop assemblies or the corresponding lower metal stop assemblies. Two-stage rigidity is realized by arranging the vulcanized rubber body and the laminated rubber body; when the vehicle is unloaded, the external rubber vulcanized body is mainly used for supporting; when the vehicle is heavy-loaded, the vulcanized rubber body and the internal laminated rubber body support the vehicle body together, the rigidity is dynamically increased along with the change of the vehicle weight, and under the working condition of heavy load, the deflection difference of empty and heavy vehicles can also meet the coupling requirement of the coupler.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of spring technology, and more specifically, to a rubber spring. Background Technology

[0002] With the advancement of the times, the demand for fast and convenient logistics and transportation is increasing daily. As an important means of transportation, railway transportation has an ever-growing demand for high-speed, heavy-load passenger and freight transport. As the load-bearing component of railway transportation, the bogie must meet several requirements while satisfying the demand for heavy loads. First, under heavy loads, the height difference between the empty and loaded cars must allow for sufficient coupler travel. Second, the bogie's own weight must be reduced to allow for greater space for the car's load capacity. Third, the car's operational quality must meet passenger transport standards.

[0003] Currently, the bogie secondary system commonly uses air springs or steel springs to support the car body. Air springs connect the car body and bogie frame via guide pillars. By inflating the air springs, their height is adjusted, and the air pressure within the springs is regulated using differential pressure valves and height valves to maintain the car body height within a certain range. Steel springs connect to the car body and bogie via transition beams, bolsters, or support beams. Steel springs possess excellent linear stiffness characteristics, and their material diameter, mean diameter, and effective coil count are adjusted to meet the vehicle's empty / loaded height difference requirements.

[0004] Air spring structures require the combined action of equipment such as height valves, differential pressure valves, and air compressors to provide effective support and vehicle height. During operation, the design and maintenance costs are relatively high; moreover, freight vehicles and certain special vehicles are not suitable for using air springs.

[0005] Under heavy loads, steel spring structures require the design of high-stiffness steel springs to reduce the deflection difference between empty and loaded vehicles to meet the coupling requirements of the coupler. However, high-stiffness steel springs transmit vibrations extensively, which can easily affect the stability and comfort of vehicle operation. Summary of the Invention

[0006] This application provides a rubber spring to solve the problems of high design and maintenance costs of existing secondary springs, and their inability to meet the load-bearing requirements of vehicles with different load capacities.

[0007] To achieve the above objectives, this application provides the following technical solution: A rubber spring, comprising: The rubber vulcanizate comprises an upper metal stop assembly, a lower metal stop assembly, a rubber vulcanizate, and an intermediate support assembly; the upper metal stop assembly and the lower metal stop assembly are located at the upper and lower ends of the rubber vulcanizate, respectively, and the intermediate support assembly is located in the middle of the rubber vulcanizate; the rubber vulcanizate is an hourglass-shaped structure with a small diameter in the middle and a large diameter at both ends, and the top and bottom surfaces of the rubber vulcanizate are respectively provided with concave hollow cavities; The laminated rubber body is located within each of the hollow cavities and is fixed to the corresponding upper metal stop assembly or lower metal stop assembly.

[0008] Optionally, the upper metal stop assembly and the lower metal stop assembly have the same structure and are symmetrically arranged vertically; the upper metal stop assembly includes: An upper metal stop plate is located on the top surface of the rubber vulcanizate, and a mounting hole with a wall thickness through the center of the upper metal stop plate is provided. An upper positioning mounting plate is fixed in the mounting hole and corresponds to the hollow cavity at the top of the rubber vulcanizate. The laminated rubber body is fixed to the bottom wall of the upper positioning mounting plate. The top wall of the upper positioning mounting plate is provided with a positioning part for positioning with the vehicle body or bogie frame.

[0009] Optionally, in the centerline direction of the rubber vulcanizate, the bottom inner edge of the mounting hole is provided with an overlapping surface extending radially inward; The upper positioning mounting plate overlaps the overlapping surface and is detachably and fixedly connected to the mounting hole.

[0010] Optionally, the positioning part is a positioning pin, used to cooperate with the vehicle body or bogie frame.

[0011] Optionally, the intermediate support assembly includes two intermediate support plates, which are fixed by threaded fasteners, and each of the intermediate support plates is vulcanized and fixed to the rubber vulcanizate.

[0012] Optionally, the intermediate support plate has a central support portion extending away from the center of the rubber vulcanizate at its center, and the central support portion is disposed opposite to the hollow cavity.

[0013] Optionally, a positioning recess is provided at the center of each of the two central support portions; The intermediate support component also includes a positioning part, the upper and lower ends of which are respectively inserted into the corresponding positioning recesses.

[0014] Optionally, it also includes: A buffer pad is located on the upper positioning mounting plate and on the circumferential edge of the laminated rubber body, for connecting the upper positioning mounting plate and the overlapping surface.

[0015] Optionally, in the direction of the centerline of the rubber vulcanizate, the diameter of the laminated rubber body decreases from the outside to the inside.

[0016] Optionally, the hollow cavities at the upper and lower ends form an hourglass shape, and the diameter of the hollow cavities decreases from the outside to the inside along the centerline of the rubber vulcanizate.

[0017] This application provides a rubber spring comprising: an upper metal stop assembly, a lower metal stop assembly, a rubber vulcanized body, and an intermediate support assembly; the upper and lower metal stop assemblies are respectively located at the upper and lower ends of the rubber vulcanized body, and the intermediate support assembly is located in the middle of the rubber vulcanized body; the rubber vulcanized body is an hourglass-shaped structure with a small diameter in the middle and large diameters at both ends, and the top and bottom surfaces of the rubber vulcanized body are respectively provided with concave hollow cavities; a laminated rubber body is located in each hollow cavity and is fixed to the corresponding upper or lower metal stop assembly.

[0018] The rubber spring provided in this application embodiment has the following technical advantages compared to the prior art: In this application, the upper and lower ends of the rubber vulcanizate are respectively provided with an upper metal stop assembly and a lower metal stop assembly, and the middle support assembly is located in the middle of the rubber vulcanizate. The rubber vulcanizate is an hourglass-shaped structure with a small diameter in the middle and a large diameter at both ends. The top and bottom surfaces of the rubber vulcanizate are respectively provided with concave hollow cavities, and the laminated rubber body is located in the corresponding hollow cavities. Two levels of stiffness are achieved by setting the rubber vulcanizate and the laminated rubber body. When the vehicle is unloaded, the external rubber vulcanizate mainly plays a supporting role. When the vehicle is heavily loaded, the rubber vulcanizate and the internal laminated rubber body jointly support the vehicle body. As the vehicle weight changes, the stiffness increases dynamically. Under heavy load conditions, the deflection difference between empty and loaded vehicles can also meet the coupling requirements of the coupler. Attached Figure Description

[0019] The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of this application and form part of this application, illustrate exemplary embodiments and are used to explain this application, but do not constitute an undue limitation of this application. In the drawings: Figure 1 A cross-sectional view of a rubber spring provided in an embodiment of this application; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a rubber spring under heavy load conditions provided in an embodiment of this application; Figure 3 This is a cross-sectional structural schematic diagram of a rubber spring provided in another embodiment of this application.

[0020] The following labels are shown in the attached diagram: Upper metal stop assembly 1, lower metal stop assembly 2, rubber vulcanizate 3, intermediate support assembly 4, laminated rubber body 5; Hollow cavity 31; Upper metal stop plate 11, upper positioning mounting plate 12, positioning part 121, buffer pad 13; Intermediate support plate 41, central support part 411, positioning part 4111, positioning recess 4112. Detailed Implementation

[0021] This invention discloses a rubber spring to solve the problems of high design and maintenance costs of existing secondary springs, and their inability to meet the load-bearing requirements of vehicles with different load capacities.

[0022] To make the technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of this application clearer, the exemplary embodiments of this application will be described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of this application, and not an exhaustive list of all embodiments. It should be noted that, unless otherwise specified, the embodiments and features in the embodiments of this application can be combined with each other.

[0023] Please see Figure 1-3 , Figure 1 A cross-sectional view of a rubber spring provided in an embodiment of this application; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a rubber spring under heavy load conditions provided in an embodiment of this application; Figure 3 This is a cross-sectional structural schematic diagram of a rubber spring provided in another embodiment of this application.

[0024] In one specific embodiment, the rubber spring provided in this application includes an upper metal stop assembly 1, a lower metal stop assembly 2, a rubber vulcanized body 3, a laminated rubber body 5, and an intermediate support assembly 4; the upper metal stop assembly 1 and the lower metal stop assembly 2 are respectively located at the upper and lower ends of the rubber vulcanized body 3, and the intermediate support assembly 4 is located in the middle of the rubber vulcanized body 3; the rubber vulcanized body 3 has an hourglass-shaped structure with a small diameter in the middle and a large diameter at both ends, and the top and bottom surfaces of the rubber vulcanized body 3 are respectively provided with concave hollow cavities 31; the laminated rubber body 5 is located in each hollow cavity 31 and is fixed to the corresponding upper metal stop assembly 1 or lower metal stop assembly 2.

[0025] The rubber vulcanizate 3 features an hourglass-shaped structure, thinner in the middle and thicker at both ends, integrally formed by high-temperature vulcanization of rubber and metal components. During compression, the hourglass shape exhibits radial expansion in the middle section, resulting in a nonlinear stiffness response. Initially soft, its stiffness gradually increases with compression, achieving progressive load-bearing. Upper and lower metal stop assemblies 2 are located at the top and bottom of the rubber vulcanizate 3, respectively, serving as mounting interfaces for connecting the bogie and the car body. They also provide mechanical limits; when the spring is over-compressed, the upper and lower metal stops can contact each other to prevent the rubber body from crushing, while simultaneously transmitting the load to the rubber vulcanizate 3. The upper metal stop assembly 1 and lower metal stop assembly 2 can be configured as flanged metal plates, fixed to the rubber vulcanizate 3 through vulcanization.

[0026] The intermediate support component 4 is embedded in the central waist of the rubber vulcanizate 3 to provide internal support and prevent the rubber body from collapsing inward under heavy loads; it is also used to adjust the ratio of the shear stiffness to the vertical stiffness of the spring; such as a metal plate or other structure.

[0027] The hollow cavity 31 is located in the concave areas of the top and bottom surfaces of the rubber vulcanizate 3, which can be achieved by setting grooves; the laminated rubber body 5 is embedded in the hollow cavity 31 and fixedly connected to the upper / lower metal stop assembly 2; it can be fixed by vulcanization, bonding or mechanical pressing; the laminated rubber body 5 is usually made of multiple layers of rubber and metal sheets alternately laminated (i.e., "laminated rubber" structure); it forms a local high stiffness area to enhance the end bearing capacity; it provides a secondary elastic response to realize the composite function of "main spring + auxiliary spring"; it absorbs high-frequency vibration and improves vibration reduction performance.

[0028] Understandably, when the rubber spring is under no-load conditions, a vertical gap is provided between the laminated rubber body 5 and the hollow cavity 31. The inflection point of the stiffness change of the two-stage springs is achieved by controlling the stiffness of the inner and outer rubber springs and the vertical gap. When the vehicle is unloaded, the outer rubber vulcanized body 3 mainly provides support. When the vehicle is heavily loaded, the outer rubber vulcanized body 3 and the inner laminated rubber spring jointly support the vehicle body. As the vehicle weight changes, the stiffness dynamically increases. Under heavy load conditions, the deflection difference between the empty and loaded vehicles can also meet the coupling requirements of the coupler. Preferably, the inner laminated spring is connected to the outer rubber vulcanized body 3 through a threaded connection structure, allowing the stiffness and size of the inner laminated spring to be changed according to vehicle requirements, facilitating adaptive adjustment and maintenance.

[0029] It is understandable that the local stiffness of the laminated rubber body 5 can be adjusted by increasing the thickness of the metal layer or the hardness of the rubber; such as a shear-type laminated structure, to improve the damping performance.

[0030] In one specific embodiment, the upper metal stop assembly 1 and the lower metal stop assembly 2 have the same structure and are arranged symmetrically. The upper metal stop assembly 1 includes: The upper metal stop plate 11 is located on the top surface of the rubber vulcanizate 3, and the center of the upper metal stop plate 11 is provided with an installation hole that penetrates the wall thickness. The upper positioning mounting plate 12 is fixed in the mounting hole and corresponds to the hollow cavity 31 at the top of the rubber vulcanized body 3. The laminated rubber body 5 is fixed to the bottom wall of the upper positioning mounting plate 12. The top wall of the upper positioning mounting plate 12 is provided with a positioning part 121 for positioning with the vehicle body.

[0031] The upper metal stop assembly 1 and the lower metal stop assembly 2 are completely identical in geometry, size, material, and connection method; they are arranged in a mirror-symmetric manner within the rubber spring (symmetric about the central plane). Taking the upper metal stop assembly 1 as an example, its structure is described below. The upper metal stop assembly 1 includes an upper metal stop plate 11 and an upper positioning mounting plate 12. The upper metal stop plate 11 is fixed to the top surface of the rubber vulcanized body 3, serving as the top load-bearing and mounting body, and bearing the vertical load from the vehicle body or frame. It is fixed to the rubber as a whole by vulcanization. The upper metal stop plate 11 has a ring structure with a mounting hole at its center, which extends through the upper metal stop plate 11 along the wall thickness direction. The upper positioning mounting plate 12 is fixed in the mounting hole of the upper metal stop plate 11 and can be fixed by interference fit, riveting, or threaded connection, preferably by interference fit + spot welding to ensure that it does not loosen. Specifically, the top wall of the upper positioning mounting plate 12 is provided with a positioning part 121 for engaging with positioning holes on the vehicle body or frame; the laminated rubber body 5 is fixed to the bottom wall of the upper positioning mounting plate 12, which can be achieved through vulcanization or bonding; preferably, it is bonded simultaneously with the rubber vulcanized body 3 during integral vulcanization to ensure connection strength. It can be understood that the above structure forms a laminated structure of metal plate-rubber-metal core, which has high shear stiffness and damping characteristics; it provides auxiliary support and buffering under large compression.

[0032] In another embodiment, the lower metal stop assembly 2 includes a lower metal stop plate and a lower positioning mounting plate. The lower metal stop plate is located on the top surface of the rubber vulcanizate 3, and a mounting hole with a wall thickness through the center of the lower metal stop plate is provided. The lower positioning mounting plate is fixed in the mounting hole and corresponds to the hollow cavity 31 at the top of the rubber vulcanized body 3. The laminated rubber body 5 is fixed on the top wall of the lower positioning mounting plate. The bottom wall of the upper positioning mounting plate 12 is provided with a positioning part 121 for positioning with the vehicle body or bogie frame.

[0033] The positioning part 121 is located on the top wall of the upper positioning mounting plate 12 and can be configured as a boss to cooperate with the positioning pin, guide groove or reference surface on the vehicle body or frame; to realize the quick centering and precise positioning of the rubber spring during installation; to avoid misalignment during installation and ensure uniform force; to improve assembly efficiency and be suitable for automated assembly lines; to reduce manual adjustment time and reduce assembly errors.

[0034] In one embodiment, in the direction of the centerline of the rubber vulcanizate 3, the bottom inner edge of the mounting hole is provided with an overlapping surface that extends radially inward. The upper positioning mounting plate 12 overlaps the overlapping surface and is detachably and fixedly connected to the mounting hole.

[0035] The overlapping surface is located at the bottom inner edge of the mounting hole, along the centerline of the rubber vulcanizate 3 at the bottom of the mounting hole. The overlapping surface protrudes from the inner wall of the mounting hole in a circumferential direction to form an annular or local boss, such as a stepped shoulder. The overlapping surface serves as the support surface of the upper positioning mounting plate 12, bearing the vertical load from the laminated rubber body 5 and the vehicle body. This enables the direct transmission of force: vehicle body, upper positioning mounting plate 12, overlapping surface, and rubber vulcanizate 3. It avoids the load being borne solely by the adhesive layer or threads, thus improving structural safety.

[0036] The lower part or outer edge of the upper positioning mounting plate 12 is placed on the overlapping surface to form a surface contact support, which shares the shear and tensile loads of the bolts or connectors, improves the overall structural rigidity, and prevents the positioning mounting plate from fretting wear or loosening during vibration.

[0037] In one embodiment, the intermediate support assembly 4 includes two intermediate support plates 41, which are fixed by threaded fasteners, and each intermediate support plate 41 is vulcanized and fixed to the rubber vulcanizate 3.

[0038] Two intermediate support plates 41 can be circular and symmetrically arranged on both sides of the central waist of the rubber vulcanizate 3, providing radial support to prevent the rubber from collapsing inward during compression and enhancing the shear stiffness and torsional resistance of the spring; as an internal load-bearing skeleton, they improve the overall structural stability. The two intermediate support plates 41 are connected by bolts and nuts, and the threaded fasteners can be evenly distributed circumferentially, such as 8 to 12; the rubber vulcanizate 3 and the intermediate support plates 41 are vulcanized and fixed, that is, during the rubber vulcanization process, the intermediate support plates 41 are embedded in the rubber material and chemically bonded and mechanically interlocked through high temperature and high pressure; the connection strength is high and the anti-peeling performance is excellent; it adopts a split support plate to reduce the complexity of the mold, the support plate can be pre-installed to facilitate rubber filling and vulcanization, and the threaded fasteners provide pre-tightening force to prevent loosening.

[0039] Understandably, compared to a one-piece metal mandrel, a split support plate is easier to fit into a mold, reducing manufacturing difficulty; the support plate can be produced in a standardized manner with high dimensional accuracy, improving product consistency; the double-plate clamping effectively suppresses radial deformation of the rubber; threaded fasteners provide additional mechanical locking to prevent support plate displacement; and enhances structural reliability.

[0040] Furthermore, the center of the intermediate support plate 41 is provided with a central support part 411 extending away from the center of the rubber vulcanizate 3, and the central support part 411 is disposed opposite to the hollow cavity 31.

[0041] The central support 411 is located at the geometric center of the intermediate support plate 41 and extends from the central plane (XY plane) of the frame or spring to both the upper and lower ends; that is, each intermediate support plate 41 can be provided with a central support 411 on both sides (upper and lower sides), protruding in the upper and lower directions respectively; it can be set as a cylindrical, frustum-shaped or polygonal boss; its height does not penetrate the entire rubber vulcanized body 3; as an internal reinforcing rib, it improves the local stiffness of the waist and forms a spatial correspondence with the hollow cavity 31. The top end (extended end) of the central support 411 is directly opposite or partially overlapped with the bottom of the upper / lower hollow cavity 31 in the axial direction (Z direction); There is a gap between the two, and they are usually not in direct contact (under normal working conditions); thus, the central support 411 can indirectly participate in the end load transfer. Under large compression stroke, the central support 411 approaches the bottom of the hollow cavity 31, forming a secondary load-bearing path; realizing the nonlinear stiffness response of the main elastic zone and the auxiliary support zone; improving the overall stiffness consistency; the central support 411 suppresses the excessive radial expansion of the rubber waist during compression; when the spring is compressed significantly, the central support 411 can form soft contact with the bottom of the hollow cavity 31 (through rubber or buffer pad 13), preventing the laminated rubber body 5 from being excessively squeezed; improving the safety margin.

[0042] Furthermore, each of the two central support portions 411 has a positioning recess 4112 at its center; the intermediate support assembly 4 also includes a positioning portion 4111, the upper and lower ends of which are respectively inserted into the corresponding positioning recess 4112.

[0043] The two central support parts 411 are respectively provided with positioning recesses 4112 on their opposite sidewalls facing each other. The positioning part 4111 is inserted into the positioning recess 4112 to form an interference fit, clearance fit or transition fit; to ensure that the two intermediate support plates 41 are automatically aligned during assembly, avoid eccentricity, and reduce assembly difficulty; and to prevent relative slippage of the two plates under lateral vibration or torsion conditions.

[0044] In one embodiment, it further includes: The buffer pad 13 is located on the upper positioning mounting plate 12 and on the circumferential edge of the laminated rubber body 5, and is used to connect the upper positioning mounting plate 12 with the overlapping surface.

[0045] The buffer pad 13 is mounted on the upper positioning mounting plate 12 and located at the circumferential edge of the laminated rubber body 5. It fills the gap between the upper positioning mounting plate 12 and the overlapping surface, and simultaneously adjusts the vertical gap between the laminated rubber body 5 and the hollow cavity 31 to meet the two-stage stiffness requirements under different loads. It also provides elastic support and vibration damping, prevents direct metal-to-metal contact, and avoids rigid collisions and noise. The buffer pad 13 can be made of highly elastic rubber, polyurethane, or other materials. The buffer pad 13 is sandwiched between the bottom surface of the upper positioning mounting plate 12 and the top surface of the overlapping surface. Under compression, it forms an elastic contact. Even when detachable connectors (such as bolts) are not fully tightened, it can provide pre-tightening support. Under normal operating conditions, the buffer pad 13 provides damping and vibration reduction. Under over-compression conditions, the buffer pad 13 is compacted and shares the load with the overlapping surface to achieve flexible limiting.

[0046] In one embodiment, the diameter of the laminated rubber body 5 decreases from the outside to the inside along the centerline direction of the rubber vulcanizate 3; it can be understood that "outer" refers to the position of the laminated rubber body 5 near the end (top or bottom); "inner" refers to the position of the laminated rubber body 5 near the center (waist) of the rubber vulcanizate 3; decreasing means that its outer diameter or contour size gradually decreases from the outside to the inside; forming a conical or stepped conical structure; the large diameter end bears high load, and the small diameter end adapts to large deformation, avoiding stress concentration; the small diameter end is easier to compress, matching the deformation mode of the hourglass-shaped rubber body.

[0047] The hollow cavities 31 at the upper and lower ends form an hourglass shape, and the diameter of the hollow cavity 31 decreases from the outside to the inside along the center line of the rubber vulcanizate 3.

[0048] The hourglass-shaped structure refers to the hollow cavity 31 having a contour similar to or consistent with the overall shape of the outer rubber vulcanizate 3; exhibiting a double-conical shape with large ends and a small middle, or a curved, tapering shape; where "outer" refers to the position near the top or bottom end face of the rubber vulcanizate 3; "inner" refers to the position near the central waist of the rubber vulcanizate 3; "decreasing" means that the inner diameter or opening size of the hollow cavity 31 gradually decreases from the outside to the inside, forming a concave hourglass contour. The inner cavity shape matches the outer contour, achieving coordinated deformation between the inside and outside; the hourglass-shaped inner cavity enhances shear-dominated deformation and improves nonlinear response capability.

[0049] Although preferred embodiments of this application have been described, those skilled in the art, upon learning the basic inventive concept, can make other changes and modifications to these embodiments. Therefore, the appended claims are intended to be interpreted as including the preferred embodiments as well as all changes and modifications falling within the scope of this application.

[0050] Obviously, those skilled in the art can make various modifications and variations to this application without departing from the spirit and scope of this application. Therefore, if such modifications and variations fall within the scope of the claims of this application and their equivalents, this application also intends to include such modifications and variations.

Claims

1. A rubber spring, characterized in that, include: The rubber vulcanizate comprises an upper metal stop assembly, a lower metal stop assembly, a rubber vulcanizate, and an intermediate support assembly; the upper metal stop assembly and the lower metal stop assembly are located at the upper and lower ends of the rubber vulcanizate, respectively, and the intermediate support assembly is located in the middle of the rubber vulcanizate; the rubber vulcanizate is an hourglass-shaped structure with a small diameter in the middle and a large diameter at both ends, and the top and bottom surfaces of the rubber vulcanizate are respectively provided with concave hollow cavities; The laminated rubber body is located within each of the hollow cavities and is fixed to the corresponding upper metal stop assembly or lower metal stop assembly.

2. The rubber spring according to claim 1, characterized in that, The upper metal stop assembly and the lower metal stop assembly have the same structure and are symmetrically arranged vertically; the upper metal stop assembly includes: An upper metal stop plate is located on the top surface of the rubber vulcanizate, and a mounting hole with a wall thickness through the center of the upper metal stop plate is provided. An upper positioning mounting plate is fixed in the mounting hole and corresponds to the hollow cavity at the top of the rubber vulcanizate. The laminated rubber body is fixed to the bottom wall of the upper positioning mounting plate. The top wall of the upper positioning mounting plate is provided with a positioning part for positioning with the vehicle body or bogie frame.

3. The rubber spring according to claim 2, characterized in that, In the centerline direction of the rubber vulcanizate, the bottom inner edge of the mounting hole is provided with an overlapping surface extending radially inward; The upper positioning mounting plate overlaps the overlapping surface and is detachably and fixedly connected to the mounting hole.

4. The rubber spring according to claim 2, characterized in that, The positioning part is a positioning pin, which is used to cooperate with the vehicle body or bogie frame.

5. The rubber spring according to claim 1, characterized in that, The intermediate support assembly includes two intermediate support plates, which are fixed by threaded fasteners, and each of the intermediate support plates is vulcanized and fixed to the rubber vulcanizate.

6. The rubber spring according to claim 5, characterized in that, The intermediate support plate has a central support portion extending away from the center of the rubber vulcanizate at its center, and the central support portion is disposed opposite to the hollow cavity.

7. The rubber spring according to claim 6, characterized in that, The two central support portions are respectively provided with positioning recesses at their centers; The intermediate support component also includes a positioning part, the upper and lower ends of which are respectively inserted into the corresponding positioning recesses.

8. The rubber spring according to claim 4, characterized in that, Also includes: A buffer pad is located on the upper positioning mounting plate and on the circumferential edge of the laminated rubber body, for connecting the upper positioning mounting plate and the overlapping surface.

9. The rubber spring according to any one of claims 1-8, characterized in that, Along the centerline of the rubber vulcanizate, the diameter of the laminated rubber body decreases from the outside to the inside.

10. The rubber spring according to claim 9, characterized in that, The hollow cavities at the top and bottom ends form an hourglass shape, and the diameter of the hollow cavities decreases from the outside to the inside along the centerline of the rubber vulcanizate.

Images