Iron tower settlement monitoring and energy-saving early warning system based on laser scanning technology

Abstract

The invention relates to an iron tower settlement monitoring and energy-saving early warning system based on a laser scanning technology, and belongs to the technical field of electric power iron tower monitoring. The system comprises a laser scanning device, a data processing unit, a settlement analysis module, an energy-saving early warning module, a communication module and a power supply module. The laser scanning device collects the geometrical shape and displacement information of the surface of an iron tower, the data processing unit processes laser scanning data, the settlement analysis module calculates the settlement amount and predicts the settlement trend, the energy-saving early warning module generates an energy-saving optimization strategy and sends out an early warning signal, the communication module transmits data and early warning information, and the power supply module provides power support. The environment adaptability is improved through the adaptive environment light compensation system, the data processing precision is improved through the noise suppression technology, the energy consumption and the operation and maintenance cost are reduced through multi-level energy consumption optimization, all-weather and automatic high-precision monitoring and energy-saving early warning of iron tower settlement are achieved, and safe and stable operation of a power transmission line is guaranteed.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application belongs to the field of power tower monitoring technology, specifically relating to a tower settlement monitoring and energy-saving early warning system based on laser scanning technology. Background Technology

[0002] With the rapid development of the power industry, power transmission towers, as key supporting structures for transmission lines, are directly related to the reliable power supply of the power system through their safe and stable operation. Tower settlement is an important factor affecting its safety performance, and real-time and accurate settlement monitoring is of great significance for ensuring the safe operation of transmission lines.

[0003] Existing tower settlement monitoring technologies have many shortcomings. For example, the patent with publication number CN107976172B relies on natural wind excitation as an external power source, and the monitoring effect is easily affected by environmental conditions. It is difficult to effectively trigger monitoring under windless or light wind conditions, and it lacks energy-saving early warning functions. The patent with publication number CN118654633B relies on traditional sensor networks to collect data. The monitoring accuracy is limited by the density of sensor deployment and the quality of data transmission. In complex terrain or harsh environments, it is prone to data loss or large errors, and it does not fully consider energy consumption optimization, resulting in high long-term operation and maintenance costs.

[0004] Therefore, there is an urgent need for a tower settlement monitoring system with high monitoring accuracy, strong environmental adaptability, energy-saving early warning capabilities, and low operation and maintenance costs to meet the monitoring needs of modern power systems. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To address the problems of low monitoring accuracy, poor environmental adaptability, insufficient energy-saving early warning capabilities, and high long-term operation and maintenance costs in existing tower settlement monitoring technologies, the purpose of this application is to provide a tower settlement monitoring and energy-saving early warning system based on laser scanning technology, so as to achieve high-precision, all-weather, and automated monitoring, and reduce energy consumption and operation and maintenance costs.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, this application adopts the following technical solution: A tower settlement monitoring and energy-saving early warning system based on laser scanning technology includes a laser scanning device, a data processing unit, a settlement analysis module, an energy-saving early warning module, a communication module, and a power supply module. The laser scanning device is installed on the tower and is used to collect information on the tower's surface geometry and displacement. The data processing unit is electrically connected to the laser scanning device and is used to receive and process the laser scanning data. The settlement analysis module is electrically connected to the data processing unit and is used to calculate the tower's settlement amount and settlement trend based on the processed data. The energy-saving early warning module is electrically connected to the settlement analysis module and is used to generate energy-saving optimization strategies and issue early warning signals based on the settlement trend. The communication module is electrically connected to the data processing unit and the energy-saving early warning module and is used to transmit monitoring data and early warning information to a remote monitoring center. The power supply module provides power to all the above modules.

[0007] Furthermore, the laser scanning device described in this application includes a laser emitter, a reflector assembly, a receiver, and an angle adjustment mechanism. The laser emitter is fixedly mounted on the top or middle support structure of the tower via a bracket, and is used to emit a high-precision laser beam. The reflector assembly is mounted in front of the laser emitter and is used to adjust the direction of the laser beam. The receiver is mounted below the laser emitter and is used to receive the laser signal reflected from the surface of the tower. The angle adjustment mechanism is mounted on the base of the laser emitter and is connected to a stepper motor mounted on the tower. The stepper motor drives the angle adjustment mechanism to rotate the reflector assembly, thereby adjusting the scanning angle of the laser beam. The scanning range of the laser scanning device is 0° to 360° horizontally and -45° to +45° vertically, with a scanning accuracy of ±0.1mm and a response time of 0.2 seconds.

[0008] Furthermore, the laser scanning device described in this application also includes an adaptive ambient light compensation system, which includes an ambient light sensor and a light intensity adjustment circuit. The ambient light sensor is installed on the housing of the laser scanning device and is used to monitor the ambient light intensity in real time. The light intensity adjustment circuit is electrically connected to the ambient light sensor and the laser emitter and is used to dynamically adjust the power of the laser emitter according to the ambient light intensity. The ambient light sensor has a measurement range of 0 to 10000 lux and an accuracy of ±5%, and the measurement range can be adaptively adjusted according to the actual application scenario. The light intensity adjustment circuit has an adjustment range of 1W to 50W and a response time of 0.1 seconds.

[0009] Furthermore, the data processing unit described in this application includes a signal conditioning circuit, an analog-to-digital converter, a central processing unit (CPU), and a memory. The signal conditioning circuit is electrically connected to the receiver of the laser scanning device and is used to filter and amplify the laser signal. The analog-to-digital converter is electrically connected to the signal conditioning circuit and is used to convert the analog signal into a digital signal. The CPU is electrically connected to the analog-to-digital converter and is used to perform algorithmic processing on the received digital signal to extract the three-dimensional coordinate information of the tower surface. The CPU adopts a multi-core architecture with a main frequency of 2 GHz and a computing speed of 1 billion floating-point operations per second. The memory is electrically connected to the CPU and is used to store the raw data and processing results.

[0010] Furthermore, the data processing unit described in this application also includes a noise suppression algorithm module, which includes a wavelet transform unit and a Kalman filter unit. The wavelet transform unit is electrically connected to the analog-to-digital converter and is used to perform multi-scale decomposition on the digital signal to remove high-frequency noise. The number of decomposition layers is 3-8, preferably 5. The Kalman filter unit is electrically connected to the wavelet transform unit and is used to further filter the decomposed signal to improve the signal-to-noise ratio. The estimated error covariance is 0.01.

[0011] Furthermore, the settlement analysis module described in this application includes a data parsing unit, a displacement calculation unit, and a trend prediction unit; the data parsing unit is electrically connected to the data processing unit and is used to parse the three-dimensional coordinate data output by the central processing unit; the displacement calculation unit is electrically connected to the data parsing unit and is used to calculate the displacement of each part of the tower based on the parsed data; the trend prediction unit is electrically connected to the displacement calculation unit and is used to predict the future settlement trend of the tower based on historical displacement data and current displacement data through a time series analysis algorithm. The time step of the trend prediction unit is 1 hour, and the prediction accuracy is ±0.5mm.

[0012] Furthermore, the energy-saving early warning module described in this application includes an energy consumption monitoring unit, an energy-saving optimization unit, and an early warning signal generation unit; the energy consumption monitoring unit is electrically connected to the data processing unit and the settlement analysis module, and is used to monitor the energy consumption status of the system in real time; the energy-saving optimization unit is electrically connected to the energy consumption monitoring unit, and is used to generate energy-saving optimization strategies based on settlement trends and energy consumption data; the energy-saving optimization unit adopts a deep learning algorithm, the model training data volume is 100,000 records, and the prediction accuracy rate is 95%; the early warning signal generation unit is electrically connected to the energy-saving optimization unit, and is used to generate early warning signals based on the optimization strategies and send them to the remote monitoring center through the communication module.

[0013] Furthermore, the energy-saving early warning module described in this application also includes a multi-level energy consumption optimization strategy, which includes a device-level optimization unit, a system-level optimization unit, and a network-level optimization unit. The device-level optimization unit is electrically connected to the energy consumption monitoring unit and is used to adjust the working mode of a single device according to its energy consumption status, with an optimization step size of 0.5-5 minutes, preferably 1 minute. The system-level optimization unit is electrically connected to the device-level optimization unit and is used to coordinate the energy consumption distribution of multiple devices, with an optimization step size of 5-30 minutes, preferably 10 minutes. The network-level optimization unit is electrically connected to the system-level optimization unit and is used to optimize the energy consumption distribution of the entire monitoring network, with an optimization step size of 0.5-3 hours, preferably 1 hour.

[0014] Furthermore, the communication module described in this application includes a wireless communication unit and a wired communication unit; the wireless communication unit adopts LoRa technology, with a communication distance of 10km and a data transmission rate of 5kbps; the wired communication unit adopts optical fiber communication technology, with a data transmission rate of 1Gbps; the communication module is connected to the data processing unit and the energy-saving early warning module via an RS485 interface.

[0015] Furthermore, the power module described in this application includes a solar panel, an energy storage battery, and a power management unit; the solar panel is installed on the top of the tower and is used to convert solar energy into electrical energy with a conversion efficiency of 22%; the energy storage battery is electrically connected to the solar panel and is used to store electrical energy with a capacity of 100Ah; the power management unit is electrically connected to the energy storage battery and is used to distribute and manage the power supply, with an output voltage of 12V and a maximum output current of 10A.

[0016] Compared with the prior art, this application has the following beneficial effects: (1) By using an adaptive ambient light compensation system, the power of the laser emitter is dynamically adjusted to ensure stable scanning accuracy under different lighting conditions and improve environmental adaptability; (2) The noise suppression algorithm module uses wavelet transform and Kalman filtering techniques to effectively remove signal noise, thereby improving the accuracy of data processing and settlement analysis. (3) The multi-level energy consumption optimization strategy coordinates and optimizes the energy consumption distribution at the device level, system level and network level, which reduces the overall energy consumption of the system, extends the power supply life and reduces long-term operation and maintenance costs. (4) The laser scanning device has a wide scanning range and high precision. Combined with the trend prediction function of the settlement analysis module, it realizes all-weather, automated, and high-precision monitoring of tower settlement. (5) It integrates energy-saving early warning function, which can identify potential safety hazards in a timely manner and optimize energy consumption, ensuring the safe operation of transmission lines while reducing energy consumption. Attached Figure Description

[0017] Figure 1 This is a block diagram of the overall system structure of this application; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the laser scanning device; Figure 3 This is a block diagram of the internal structure of the data processing unit; Figure 4 This is a block diagram of the settlement analysis module; Figure 5 This is a structural block diagram of the energy-saving early warning module; Figure 6 This is a block diagram of the communication module; Figure 7 This is a structural block diagram of the power module; Figure 8 This is a block diagram of an adaptive ambient light compensation system; The attached figures are labeled as follows: 1-Laser scanning device; 11-Laser emitter; 12-Reflector assembly; 13-Receiver; 14-Angle adjustment mechanism; 15-Stepper motor; 16-Adaptive ambient light compensation system; 161-Ambient light sensor; 162-Light intensity modulation circuit; 2-Data processing unit; 21-Signal conditioning circuit; 22-Analog-to-digital converter; 23-Central processing unit; 24-Memory; 25-Noise suppression algorithm module; 251-Wavelet transform unit; 252-Kalman filter unit; 3-Sedimentation analysis module; 31-Data parsing unit ; 32-Displacement calculation unit; 33-Trend prediction unit; 4-Energy saving early warning module; 41-Energy consumption monitoring unit; 42-Energy saving optimization unit; 43-Early warning signal generation unit; 44-Multi-level energy consumption optimization strategy; 441-Equipment-level optimization unit; 442-System-level optimization unit; 443-Network-level optimization unit; 5-Communication module; 51-Wireless communication unit; 52-Wired communication unit; 53-RS485 interface; 6-Power module; 61-Solar panel; 62-Energy storage battery; 63-Power management unit; 8-Remote monitoring center. Detailed Implementation

[0018] To enable those skilled in the art to better understand the technical solutions of this application, the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of this application, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments in this application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0019] Example 1 like Figure 1-8As shown, this application proposes a tower settlement monitoring and energy-saving early warning system based on laser scanning technology, including a laser scanning device 1, a data processing unit 2, a settlement analysis module 3, an energy-saving early warning module 4, a communication module 5, and a power supply module 6.

[0020] The laser scanning device 1 of this application is installed on a steel tower for acquiring geometric shape and displacement information of the tower surface. It includes a laser emitter 11, a reflector assembly 12, a receiver 13, an angle adjustment mechanism 14, and an adaptive ambient light compensation system 16. The laser emitter 11 is fixedly installed on the top or middle support structure of the tower via a bracket and is used to emit a high-precision laser beam. The reflector assembly 12 is installed in front of the laser emitter 11 and is used to adjust the direction of the laser beam. The receiver 13 is installed below the laser emitter 11 and is used to receive the laser signal reflected from the tower surface. The angle adjustment mechanism 14 is installed on the base of the laser emitter 11 and is connected to a stepper motor 15 installed on the tower. The stepper motor 15 drives the angle adjustment mechanism to rotate the reflector assembly, thereby adjusting the direction of the laser beam. The scanning angle of the laser scanning device is 0° to 360° horizontally and -45° to +45° vertically, with a scanning accuracy of ±0.1mm and a response time of 0.2 seconds. The adaptive ambient light compensation system 16 includes an ambient light sensor 161 and a light intensity adjustment circuit 162. The ambient light sensor 161 is mounted on the housing of the laser scanning device 1 and is used to monitor the ambient light intensity in real time. The light intensity adjustment circuit 162 is electrically connected to the ambient light sensor 161 and the laser emitter 11 and is used to dynamically adjust the power of the laser emitter according to the ambient light intensity. The measurement range of the ambient light sensor 161 is 0 to 10000 lux with an accuracy of ±5%, and the measurement range can be adaptively adjusted according to the actual application scenario. The adjustment range of the light intensity adjustment circuit is 1W to 50W, and the response time is 0.1 seconds.

[0021] The data processing unit 2 of this application is electrically connected to the laser scanning device 1 and is used to receive and process laser scanning data. It includes a signal conditioning circuit 21, an analog-to-digital converter 22, a central processing unit 23, and a memory 24. The signal conditioning circuit 21 is electrically connected to the receiver 13 of the laser scanning device and is used to filter and amplify the laser signal. The analog-to-digital converter 22 is electrically connected to the signal conditioning circuit 21 and is used to convert the analog signal into a digital signal. The central processing unit 23 is electrically connected to the analog-to-digital converter 22 and is used to perform algorithm processing on the received digital signal to extract the three-dimensional coordinate information of the tower surface. The central processing unit adopts a multi-core architecture with a main frequency of 2GHz and a computing speed of 1 billion floating-point operations per second. The memory 24 of the data processing unit 2 is electrically connected to the central processing unit 23 and is used to store the raw data and processing results. The data processing unit 2 of this application further includes a noise suppression algorithm module, which includes a wavelet transform unit and a Kalman filter unit. The wavelet transform unit is electrically connected to the analog-to-digital converter and is used to perform multi-scale decomposition on the digital signal to remove high-frequency noise. The number of decomposition layers is 3-8, preferably 5. The Kalman filter unit is electrically connected to the wavelet transform unit and is used to further filter the decomposed signal to improve the signal-to-noise ratio. The estimated error covariance is 0.01.

[0022] The settlement analysis module 3 of this application is electrically connected to the data processing unit 2 and is used to calculate the settlement amount and settlement trend of the tower based on the processed data. It includes a data parsing unit 31, a displacement calculation unit 32, and a trend prediction unit 33. The data parsing unit 31 is electrically connected to the data processing unit 2 and is used to parse the three-dimensional coordinate data output by the central processing unit 23. The displacement calculation unit 32 is electrically connected to the data parsing unit 31 and is used to calculate the displacement of each part of the tower based on the parsed data. The trend prediction unit 33 is electrically connected to the displacement calculation unit 32 and is used to predict the future settlement trend of the tower based on historical displacement data and current displacement data through a time series analysis algorithm. The time step of the trend prediction unit 33 is 1 hour, and the prediction accuracy is ±0.5mm.

[0023] The energy-saving early warning module 4 of this application is electrically connected to the settlement analysis module 3, and is used to generate energy-saving optimization strategies and issue early warning signals based on settlement trends. It includes an energy consumption monitoring unit 41, an energy-saving optimization unit 42, an early warning signal generation unit 43, and a multi-level energy consumption optimization strategy 44. The energy consumption monitoring unit 41 is electrically connected to the data processing unit 2 and the settlement analysis module 3, and is used to monitor the energy consumption status of the system in real time. The energy-saving optimization unit 42 is electrically connected to the energy consumption monitoring unit 41, and is used to generate energy-saving optimization strategies based on settlement trends and energy consumption data. The energy-saving optimization unit 42 uses a deep learning algorithm, with a model training data volume of 100,000 records and a prediction accuracy rate of 95%. The early warning signal generation unit 43 is electrically connected to the energy-saving optimization unit 42, and is used to generate early warning signals based on the optimization strategies. The alarm signal is sent to the remote monitoring center 8 via the communication module 5; the multi-level energy consumption optimization strategy 44 includes a device-level optimization unit 441, a system-level optimization unit 442, and a network-level optimization unit 443. The device-level optimization unit 441 is electrically connected to the energy consumption monitoring unit 41 and is used to adjust the working mode of a single device according to its energy consumption status, with an optimization step size of 0.5-5 minutes, preferably 1 minute; the system-level optimization unit 442 is electrically connected to the device-level optimization unit 441 and is used to coordinate the energy consumption distribution of multiple devices, with an optimization step size of 5-30 minutes, preferably 10 minutes; the network-level optimization unit 443 is electrically connected to the system-level optimization unit 442 and is used to optimize the energy consumption distribution of the entire monitoring network, with an optimization step size of 0.5-3 hours, preferably 1 hour.

[0024] The communication module 5 of this application is connected to the data processing unit 2 and the energy-saving early warning module 4 via an RS485 interface, and is used to transmit monitoring data and early warning information to the remote monitoring center 8. The communication module 5 includes a wireless communication unit 51 and a wired communication unit 52. The wireless communication unit 51 adopts LoRa technology, with a communication distance of 10km and a data transmission rate of 5kbps. The wired communication unit 52 adopts optical fiber communication technology, with a data transmission rate of 1Gbps.

[0025] The power module of this application includes a solar panel 61, an energy storage battery 62, and a power management unit 63. The solar panel 61 is installed on the top of the tower and is used to convert solar energy into electrical energy with a conversion efficiency of 22%. The energy storage battery 62 is electrically connected to the solar panel 61 and is used to store electrical energy with a capacity of 100Ah. The power management unit 63 is electrically connected to the energy storage battery 62 and is used to distribute and manage the power supply, with an output voltage of 12V and a maximum output current of 10A. The power module 6 of this application provides power support for all modules.

[0026] Example 2 This embodiment provides the structural composition, installation location and method, and operating principle of this application.

[0027] (I) Structural Composition 1. Installation, calibration, and operation of the laser scanning device The laser scanning device 1 is installed on the iron tower. Its laser emitter 11 is fixed to the center point of the top beam of the iron tower by a stainless steel bracket. The connection between the bracket and the iron tower is made of anti-vibration rubber pads to reduce the impact of iron tower vibration on the stability of laser emission. The reflector assembly 12 is made of aluminum alloy with an anti-reflection coating on the surface and a reflectivity of ≥95% to avoid laser energy loss. It is installed in front of the laser emitter 11. The receiver 13 is installed below the laser emitter 11 to receive the reflected signal. The angle adjustment mechanism 14 is installed on the base of the laser emitter 11 and drives the reflector assembly 12 to rotate through the stepper motor 15 to adjust the scanning angle of the laser beam.

[0028] An ambient light sensor 161 of the adaptive ambient light compensation system 16 is mounted on the housing of the laser scanning device 1. An intensity adjustment circuit 162 is electrically connected to the ambient light sensor 161 and the laser emitter 11. The ambient light sensor 161 has a measurement range of 0 to 10000 lux and an accuracy of ±5%. It can be adaptively adjusted according to the actual application scenario. The intensity adjustment circuit 162 has an adjustment range of 1W to 50W and a response time of 0.1 seconds. It dynamically adjusts the power of the laser emitter 11 according to the ambient light intensity.

[0029] After system installation, calibration is required. The calibration process is as follows: a calibration command is sent through the remote monitoring center 8, the angle adjustment mechanism 14 drives the reflector assembly 12 to rotate to the preset calibration angle (0° horizontally, 0° vertically), the laser emitter 11 emits a laser beam to irradiate the preset calibration target (50m away from the laser emitter, the center coordinates of the target are known), the receiver 13 receives the reflected signal, the data processing unit 2 calculates the deviation between the actual coordinates and the preset coordinates, and automatically adjusts the angle of the reflector assembly 12 until the deviation is ≤ ±0.05mm, thus completing the calibration. The calibration cycle is once a week.

[0030] During operation, the laser emitter 11 emits a high-precision laser beam, which is then irradiated onto the surface of the iron tower after being adjusted in direction by the reflector assembly 12. The scanning range covers the horizontal direction from 0° to 360° and the vertical direction from -45° to +45°, with a scanning accuracy of ±0.1mm and a response time of 0.2 seconds. The receiver 13 receives the reflected signal in real time and transmits it to the data processing unit 2.

[0031] 2. Structure and Algorithm Execution of the Data Processing Unit The signal conditioning circuit 21 of the data processing unit 2 is electrically connected to the receiver 13 of the laser scanning device 1 and is used to filter and amplify the laser signal. The analog-to-digital converter 22 is electrically connected to the signal conditioning circuit 21 and converts the analog signal into a digital signal. The central processing unit 23 is electrically connected to the analog-to-digital converter 22, adopts a multi-core architecture, has a main frequency of 2GHz, and a computing speed of 1 billion floating-point operations per second. It extracts the three-dimensional coordinate information of the tower surface through a fusion algorithm of "laser time-of-flight method + triangulation method". The coordinate calculation formula is: X = L×cosθ×sinα, Y = L×cosθ×cosα, Z = L×sinθ (where L is the laser flight distance, θ is the vertical scanning angle, and α is the horizontal scanning angle). The memory 24 is electrically connected to the central processing unit 23 and stores the raw data and processing results.

[0032] The wavelet transform unit 251 of the noise suppression algorithm module 25 is electrically connected to the analog-to-digital converter 22. The decomposition level is preferably 5 levels. The digital signal is decomposed into 5 levels with a decomposition scale of 2^5. The low-frequency signal (containing effective coordinate information) is retained, and the high-frequency noise signal is filtered out. The Kalman filter unit 252 is electrically connected to the wavelet transform unit 251. The estimation error covariance is 0.01. The decomposed low-frequency signal is used as input. The state equation is set as X(k) = A×X(k-1) + W(k), and the observation equation is set as Z(k) = H×X(k) + V(k) (where A is the state transition matrix, H is the observation matrix, and W(k) and V(k) are Gaussian white noise). After iterative calculation, the denoised signal is output, and the signal-to-noise ratio is improved to ≥40dB.

[0033] 3. Implementation of trend prediction in the settlement analysis module The data parsing unit 31 of the settlement analysis module 3 is electrically connected to the central processing unit 23 of the data processing unit 2 to parse the three-dimensional coordinate data; the displacement calculation unit 32 is electrically connected to the data parsing unit 31 to calculate the displacement of each part of the tower based on the parsed data; the trend prediction unit 33 is electrically connected to the displacement calculation unit 32, with a time step of 1 hour, and uses the ARIMA (Autoregressive Integral Moving Average) algorithm to predict the settlement trend. The specific steps are as follows: (1) Data preprocessing: The historical displacement data (last 30 days, 1 data point per hour) is subjected to stationarity test (ADF test). If the data is non-stationary, it is converted into stationary data by first-order difference. (2) Model parameter determination: The optimal parameters p (autoregressive order), d (difference order), and q (moving average order) were selected using the AIC criterion (Akaike Information Criterion). The calculated optimal parameters are p=2, d=1, and q=1. (3) Prediction execution: Input the displacement data of the past 7 days as the training set, and the model outputs the predicted value of the settlement trend in the next 24 hours. The prediction accuracy is ±0.5mm. When the predicted settlement exceeds the preset threshold (e.g., 5mm / 24h), the energy-saving early warning module 4 is triggered.

[0034] 4. Optimization strategies and early warning mechanisms for energy-saving early warning modules The energy consumption monitoring unit 41 of the energy-saving early warning module 4 is electrically connected to the data processing unit 2 and the settlement analysis module 3 to monitor the system's energy consumption status in real time; the energy-saving optimization unit 42 is electrically connected to the energy consumption monitoring unit 41, and adopts a deep learning algorithm with 100,000 training data points and a prediction accuracy of 95% to generate energy-saving optimization strategies based on settlement trends and energy consumption data; the early warning signal generation unit 43 is electrically connected to the energy-saving optimization unit 42, and generates early warning signals based on the optimization strategies and transmits them to the remote monitoring center 8 through the communication module 5.

[0035] The specific implementation of the multi-level energy consumption optimization strategy 44 is as follows: (1) Equipment-level optimization: The equipment-level optimization unit 441 is electrically connected to the energy consumption monitoring unit 41. The optimization step size is 0.5-5 minutes, preferably 1 minute. When the energy consumption monitoring unit 41 detects that the real-time energy consumption of the laser scanning device 1 exceeds 5W (the normal operating energy consumption is 2-3W), it automatically adjusts the power of the laser emitter 11 from 30W to 20W, and at the same time reduces the scanning frequency from 10 times / second to 5 times / second. At this time, the scanning accuracy is still maintained at ±0.1mm, and the energy consumption is reduced to below 3W.

[0036] (2) System-level optimization: The system-level optimization unit 442 is electrically connected to the equipment-level optimization unit 441. The optimization step size is 5-30 minutes, with 10 minutes being preferred. When the settlement analysis module 3 predicts that the tower settlement trend will be stable in the next 12 hours (displacement change ≤ 0.1 mm / h), the central processing unit 23 of the coordinated data processing unit 2 enters the energy-saving mode, the main frequency is reduced from 2 GHz to 1 GHz, the computing speed is adjusted to 500 million floating-point operations per second, and the redundant storage channels of the memory 24 are closed, leaving only one channel to store key data, thereby reducing the overall system energy consumption by 30%.

[0037] (3) Network-level optimization: The network-level optimization unit 443 is electrically connected to the system-level optimization unit 442. The optimization step size is 0.5-3 hours, preferably 1 hour. When the communication module 5 detects that the wireless communication signal strength is ≥-60dBm (communication is stable), it automatically switches to LoRa wireless communication mode (the energy consumption is only 1 / 5 of that of fiber optic communication); when the signal strength is <-80dBm, it switches to fiber optic communication mode to ensure stable data transmission and avoid unnecessary energy consumption.

[0038] 5. Ensuring the operation of the communication module and power supply module The wireless communication unit 51 of the communication module 5 adopts LoRa technology, with a communication distance of 10km and a data transmission rate of 5kbps; the wired communication unit 52 adopts fiber optic communication technology, with a data transmission rate of 1Gbps; the communication module 5 is connected to the data processing unit 2 and the energy-saving early warning module 4 through the RS485 interface 53 to ensure the stability and reliability of data transmission and realize the real-time transmission of monitoring data and early warning information to the remote monitoring center 8.

[0039] The solar panel 61 of power module 6 is made of monocrystalline silicon, measuring 1.2m × 0.8m. It is installed on the top of the tower at the same angle as the local latitude (e.g., Xining City, Qinghai Province, has a latitude of approximately 36.6°, so the installation angle is set to 36°) to maximize solar energy reception. The conversion efficiency is 22%, and when the light intensity is ≥200 lux, the output power is ≥100W, simultaneously charging the energy storage battery 62 and supplying power to the system. The energy storage battery 62 uses a lithium iron phosphate battery with a capacity of 100Ah and a charge / discharge cycle life of ≥200. The system is powered when the light intensity is less than 200 lux (such as at night or in rainy weather). Under full load operation (energy consumption of about 20W), it can provide power for ≥50 hours. The power management unit 63 is electrically connected to the energy storage battery 62, with an output voltage of 12V and a maximum output current of 10A. It monitors the voltage of the energy storage battery 62 in real time. When the voltage is ≤10.8V, it issues a low power warning and automatically reduces the energy consumption of non-core modules (such as the network-level optimization unit 443 of the energy-saving warning module 4) to extend the power supply time.

[0040] (II) Installation location and installation method 1. General requirements for the installation location of each module All module installations avoid critical stress areas such as welded seams and conductor suspension points on the tower. Flat, low-vibration support structures are preferred. The installation surfaces are treated for rust removal and corrosion prevention, and stainless steel fasteners are used for fixing to ensure a firm connection to the tower without affecting the original structural strength of the tower. Outdoor installation components have a protection rating of no less than IP65. Cables are fixed along the angle steel of the tower, using flame-retardant insulated cables and waterproof connectors to avoid rain immersion and external damage.

[0041] 2. Specific installation locations and fixing methods for each module (1) Laser scanning device Laser emitter 11: It is fixed to the center point of the top beam of the iron tower (15-20cm away from the lower surface of the beam) or the main support angle steel in the middle of the iron tower (1 / 2 of the height) by a stainless steel bracket. The bracket adopts an L-shaped structure (thickness ≥8mm). A 5mm thick anti-vibration rubber pad is added at the connection with the iron tower. It is fastened with stainless steel bolts. The exposed part of the bolts is coated with anti-rust grease.

[0042] Reflector assembly 12: Installed 5-10cm in front of laser emitter 11, and fixed integrally with the housing of laser emitter 11 by a small bracket, ensuring that it is coaxially aligned with the emission port of laser emitter 11 with a deviation ≤ ±0.5°.

[0043] Receiver 13: Fixed on the bracket extension arm 20-30cm directly below the laser transmitter 11, with the receiving surface facing the tower surface and the angle between the receiver and the laser transmitter 11 emission direction is 45°-60° to ensure complete reception of the reflected laser signal.

[0044] Angle adjustment mechanism 14: integrated in the base of laser emitter 11, and fixed synchronously with laser emitter 11 on the tower support. Stepper motor 15 faces the inside of the tower to avoid direct rain erosion. Waterproof sealing ring is installed on the motor output shaft.

[0045] Adaptive ambient light compensation system 16: Ambient light sensor 161 is installed on the top of the housing of laser scanning device 1, facing horizontally (without obstruction), and at a distance of ≥10cm from the surrounding iron tower structure to avoid obstructing light detection; Light intensity adjustment circuit 162 is integrated in the control box of laser transmitter 11 and is installed as a whole with laser transmitter 11. The housing of the control box has waterproof and heat dissipation functions.

[0046] (2) Data processing unit 2 Overall installation location: The control box of data processing unit 2 is fixed on the auxiliary crossarm in the middle of the tower (at 1 / 3 of the height), with an installation height of ≥3m from the ground. The bottom of the control box is 5-10cm away from the upper surface of the auxiliary crossarm. It is fixed with U-shaped clamps (adapted to the size of the auxiliary crossarm angle steel), and rubber anti-slip pads are added to the inside of the clamps.

[0047] Internal unit installation: Signal conditioning circuit 21, analog-to-digital converter 22, central processing unit 23, memory 24, and noise suppression algorithm module 25 are all integrated on the aluminum alloy mounting plate inside the control box. The plate is connected to the control box through a shock-absorbing pad (3mm thick) to reduce the impact of vibration on electronic components. The left side of the control box has a reserved heat dissipation hole (with a dustproof screen), and the right side has a cable inlet and outlet for connecting the laser scanning device 1, communication module 5, and power module 6, respectively.

[0048] (3) Settlement Analysis Module 3 The entire module is integrated into the control box of the data processing unit 2 and is connected to the central processing unit 23 of the data processing unit 2 via an internal cable (length ≤50cm). It has no independent external installation structure and is fixed together with the data processing unit 2 on the auxiliary crossarm in the middle of the tower. The module circuit board is fixed to the reserved position on the mounting base plate with screws.

[0049] (4) Energy-saving early warning module 4 Similar to the settlement analysis module 3, it is integrated into the control box of the data processing unit 2 without any independent external mounting components. Its circuit board is fixed side by side with the settlement analysis module 3 on the mounting base plate and is connected to the data processing unit 2 and the communication module 5 through the internal bus. The installation position is the same as that of the data processing unit 2.

[0050] (5) Communication Module 5 Wireless communication unit 51 (LoRa module): Installed on a small bracket at the end of the crossbeam at the top of the tower (5-10cm from the end of the crossbeam), with a bracket height of ≥30cm, the antenna pointing vertically upwards, and a distance of ≥50cm from the surrounding tower structure to ensure unobstructed communication signal; the module housing has an IP67 protection rating and is connected to the data processing unit 2 via a waterproof connector.

[0051] Wired communication unit 52 (fiber optic interface module): Integrated in the control box of data processing unit 2, installed on the back of the base plate, with the fiber optic interface facing the outside of the tower. The fiber optic cable is led out through a waterproof connector and fixed along the angle steel of the tower from top to bottom (with a fiber optic fixing clip installed every 50cm) until it reaches the ground or remote communication node.

[0052] RS485 interface 53: Located in the middle of the side of the control box of data processing unit 2, the interface is equipped with a waterproof and dustproof cover, which should be kept closed when not in use. The interface is connected to the internal unit of communication module 5 through a shielded cable, and the shielding layer is grounded.

[0053] (6) Power module 6 Solar panel 61: It is fixed above the top crossbeam of the tower (without obstructing the view of the laser scanning device 1) by an adjustable angle bracket (adjustment range: 20°-60°), or on an unobstructed auxiliary crossarm at the top of the tower (2 / 3 of the height). The installation angle is consistent with the local latitude (±5°) to ensure maximum solar energy reception. The bracket is made of stainless steel and is fixed to the tower by clamps. The horizontal distance between the edge of the solar panel and the tower conductor is ≥1m to avoid the risk of electric shock.

[0054] Energy storage battery 62: Installed in a protective box at the bottom of the tower (1.5-2m above the ground). The protective box is made of cold-rolled steel plate and coated with anti-corrosion paint. It is fixed to the main steel of the tower by U-shaped clamps. The protective box has ventilation holes (with rainproof louvers) on the front and drainage holes at the bottom. The inside is lined with an insulating pad. The energy storage battery 62 is fixed on the insulating pad to avoid direct contact with the protective box.

[0055] Power management unit 63: Integrated inside the protective casing of energy storage battery 62, installed side-by-side with energy storage battery 62 (spaced ≥ 5cm), and fixed to the internal bracket of the protective casing with screws; the input interface of power management unit 63 is connected to solar panel 61, and the output interface is connected to the control box of data processing unit 2 via cable (fixed along the angle steel of the tower), the cable being 2.5mm². 2 Flame-retardant insulated cables with waterproof terminals installed at the joints.

[0056] (III) Work Process and Principles When the system is working, the laser scanning device 1 collects the geometric shape and displacement information of the tower surface and transmits the reflected signal to the data processing unit 2. The data processing unit 2 filters, amplifies, converts analog to digital and denoises the signal, extracts the three-dimensional coordinate information and stores it. The settlement analysis module 3 analyzes the three-dimensional coordinate data, calculates the displacement and predicts the settlement trend. The energy-saving early warning module 4 monitors the system's energy consumption, generates multi-level energy-saving optimization strategies based on the settlement trend, and generates early warning signals. The communication module 5 transmits the monitoring data and early warning information to the remote monitoring center 8. The power supply module 6 continuously supplies power to the entire system to ensure stable operation.

[0057] In operation, the laser scanning device 1 emits a high-precision laser beam through the laser emitter 11. After the beam is oriented by the reflector assembly 12, it illuminates the surface of the iron tower. The receiver 13 receives the reflected signal and transmits it to the data processing unit 2. The signal conditioning circuit 21 filters and amplifies the signal, then converts it into a digital signal through the analog-to-digital converter 22. The central processing unit 23 processes the received digital signal using algorithms to extract the three-dimensional coordinate information of the iron tower surface and stores it in the memory 24. The data parsing unit 31 of the settlement analysis module 3 parses the three-dimensional coordinate data, the displacement calculation unit 32 calculates the displacement of various parts of the iron tower, the trend prediction unit 33 predicts the future settlement trend based on historical and current displacement data, and the energy consumption monitoring unit 41 of the energy-saving early warning module 4 monitors the energy consumption in real time. The system measures energy consumption status. Energy-saving optimization unit 42 generates energy-saving optimization strategies based on settlement trends and energy consumption data. Early warning signal generation unit 43 generates early warning signals based on the optimization strategies and sends them to remote monitoring center 8 through communication module 5. Solar panels 61 of power module 6 convert solar energy into electrical energy and store it in energy storage battery 62. Power management unit 63 allocates and manages power supply. Adaptive ambient light compensation system 16 dynamically adjusts the power of laser emitter 11 according to ambient light intensity to maintain scanning accuracy. Noise suppression algorithm module 25 removes signal noise through wavelet transform and Kalman filtering. Multi-level energy consumption optimization strategy 44 coordinates and optimizes energy consumption distribution through device-level optimization unit 441, system-level optimization unit 442, and network-level optimization unit 443.

[0058] It should be noted that, in this document, the terminology is used merely to distinguish one entity or operation from another, and does not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Although embodiments of this application have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions, and variations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of this application, the scope of which is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A tower settlement monitoring and energy-saving early warning system based on laser scanning technology, characterized in that: The system includes a laser scanning device, a data processing unit, a settlement analysis module, an energy-saving early warning module, a communication module, and a power supply module. The laser scanning device is installed on the tower and is used to collect information on the tower's surface geometry and displacement. The data processing unit is electrically connected to the laser scanning device and is used to receive and process the laser scanning data. The settlement analysis module is electrically connected to the data processing unit and is used to calculate the tower's settlement and settlement trend based on the processed data. The energy-saving early warning module is electrically connected to the settlement analysis module and is used to generate energy-saving optimization strategies and issue early warning signals based on the settlement trend. The communication module is electrically connected to the data processing unit and the energy-saving early warning module and is used to transmit monitoring data and early warning information to a remote monitoring center. The power supply module provides power to all the above modules.

2. The tower settlement monitoring and energy-saving early warning system based on laser scanning technology according to claim 1, characterized in that: The laser scanning device includes a laser emitter, a reflector assembly, a receiver, and an angle adjustment mechanism. The laser emitter is fixedly mounted on the top or middle support structure of the tower via a bracket and is used to emit a high-precision laser beam. The reflector assembly is mounted in front of the laser emitter and is used to adjust the direction of the laser beam. The receiver is mounted below the laser emitter and is used to receive the laser signal reflected from the surface of the tower. The angle adjustment mechanism is mounted on the base of the laser emitter and is connected to a stepper motor mounted on the tower. The stepper motor drives the angle adjustment mechanism to rotate the reflector assembly, thereby adjusting the scanning angle of the laser beam. The scanning range of the laser scanning device is 0° to 360° horizontally and -45° to +45° vertically, with a scanning accuracy of ±0.1mm and a response time of 0.2 seconds.

3. The tower settlement monitoring and energy-saving early warning system based on laser scanning technology according to claim 2, characterized in that: The laser scanning device also includes an adaptive ambient light compensation system, which comprises an ambient light sensor and a light intensity adjustment circuit. The ambient light sensor is mounted on the housing of the laser scanning device and is used to monitor the ambient light intensity in real time. The light intensity adjustment circuit is electrically connected to the ambient light sensor and the laser emitter and is used to dynamically adjust the power of the laser emitter according to the ambient light intensity. The ambient light sensor has a measurement range of 0 to 10000 lux and an accuracy of ±5%, and the measurement range can be adaptively adjusted according to the actual application scenario. The light intensity adjustment circuit has an adjustment range of 1W to 50W and a response time of 0.1 seconds.

4. The tower settlement monitoring and energy-saving early warning system based on laser scanning technology according to claim 1, characterized in that: The data processing unit includes a signal conditioning circuit, an analog-to-digital converter, a central processing unit, and a memory. The signal conditioning circuit is electrically connected to the receiver of the laser scanning device and is used to filter and amplify the laser signal. The analog-to-digital converter is electrically connected to the signal conditioning circuit and is used to convert the analog signal into a digital signal. The central processing unit is electrically connected to the analog-to-digital converter and is used to perform algorithmic processing on the received digital signal to extract the three-dimensional coordinate information of the tower surface. The memory is electrically connected to the central processing unit and is used to store the raw data and processing results.

5. The tower settlement monitoring and energy-saving early warning system based on laser scanning technology according to claim 4, characterized in that: The data processing unit further includes a noise suppression algorithm module, which includes a wavelet transform unit and a Kalman filter unit. The wavelet transform unit is electrically connected to the analog-to-digital converter and is used to perform multi-scale decomposition on the digital signal to remove high-frequency noise. The decomposition level is 3-8 levels. The Kalman filter unit is electrically connected to the wavelet transform unit and is used to further filter the decomposed signal to improve the signal-to-noise ratio.

6. The tower settlement monitoring and energy-saving early warning system based on laser scanning technology according to claim 1, characterized in that: The settlement analysis module includes a data parsing unit, a displacement calculation unit, and a trend prediction unit. The data parsing unit is electrically connected to the data processing unit and is used to parse the three-dimensional coordinate data output by the central processing unit. The displacement calculation unit is electrically connected to the data parsing unit and is used to calculate the displacement of various parts of the tower based on the parsed data. The trend prediction unit is electrically connected to the displacement calculation unit and is used to predict the future settlement trend of the tower based on historical displacement data and current displacement data using a time series analysis algorithm. The time step of the trend unit is 1 hour, and the prediction accuracy is ±0.5mm.

7. The tower settlement monitoring and energy-saving early warning system based on laser scanning technology according to claim 1, characterized in that: The energy-saving early warning module includes an energy consumption monitoring unit, an energy-saving optimization unit, and an early warning signal generation unit. The energy consumption monitoring unit is electrically connected to the data processing unit and the settlement analysis module, and is used to monitor the energy consumption status of the system in real time. The energy-saving optimization unit is electrically connected to the energy consumption monitoring unit, and is used to generate energy-saving optimization strategies based on settlement trends and energy consumption data. The early warning signal generation unit is electrically connected to the energy-saving optimization unit, and is used to generate early warning signals based on the optimization strategies and send them to the remote monitoring center through the communication module.

8. The tower settlement monitoring and energy-saving early warning system based on laser scanning technology according to claim 7, characterized in that: The energy-saving early warning module also includes a multi-level energy consumption optimization strategy, which includes a device-level optimization unit, a system-level optimization unit, and a network-level optimization unit. The device-level optimization unit is electrically connected to the energy consumption monitoring unit and is used to adjust the working mode of a single device according to its energy consumption status, with an optimization step size of 0.5-5 minutes. The system-level optimization unit is electrically connected to the device-level optimization unit and is used to coordinate the energy consumption distribution of multiple devices, with an optimization step size of 5-30 minutes. The network-level optimization unit is electrically connected to the system-level optimization unit and is used to optimize the energy consumption distribution of the entire monitoring network, with an optimization step size of 0.5-3 hours.

9. The tower settlement monitoring and energy-saving early warning system based on laser scanning technology according to claim 1, characterized in that: The communication module includes a wireless communication unit and a wired communication unit; the wireless communication unit adopts LoRa technology with a communication distance of 10km and a data transmission rate of 5kbps; the wired communication unit adopts optical fiber communication technology with a data transmission rate of 1Gbps; the communication module is connected to the data processing unit and the energy-saving early warning module via an RS485 interface.

10. The tower settlement monitoring and energy-saving early warning system based on laser scanning technology according to claim 1, characterized in that: The power module includes a solar panel, an energy storage battery, and a power management unit; the solar panel is installed on the top of the tower to convert solar energy into electrical energy; the energy storage battery is electrically connected to the solar panel to store electrical energy; and the power management unit is electrically connected to the energy storage battery to allocate and manage the power supply.

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