Polarization conversion method, device and equipment for low-scattering metasurface array antenna

Abstract

The invention discloses a low-scattering metasurface array antenna polarization conversion method, device and equipment. The method comprises the following steps: designing a metasurface array antenna unit structure; configuring a polarization conversion working mode; integrating a scattering suppression structure and defining a wave absorbing mode; establishing a dynamic impedance matching mechanism; the array arrangement mode is optimized; and executing polarization scattering cooperative regulation and control to realize switching of working modes. The invention has the following advantages and effects: active and dynamic strong scattering suppression can be realized while high-efficiency and broadband polarization conversion performance is maintained, that is, intelligent cooperation and on-demand switching of a polarization conversion function and a low scattering characteristic are realized.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of antenna technology, and in particular to a method, apparatus, and device for polarization conversion of low-scattering metasurface array antennas. Background Technology

[0002] Polarization-conversion metasurfaces, as a type of reflective metamaterial, are of significant value in satellite communication, polarimetric radar, and stealth technology due to their ability to flexibly control the polarization state of electromagnetic waves. Traditional polarization-conversion metasurfaces typically employ symmetrical or periodic resonant units to achieve the conversion of linearly polarized waves to circularly polarized waves, or cross-polarization reflection. However, such structures have significant drawbacks when facing radar detection: their metallic ground layer and periodic structure generate strong specular reflection or resonant scattering, resulting in a sharp increase in the radar cross-section, making them highly susceptible to detection by enemy radar.

[0003] To reduce radar cross section, existing technologies have proposed several solutions: Absorbing metasurfaces: By loading absorbing materials or designing lossy unit structures below the ground plane, incident electromagnetic waves are converted into heat energy and dissipated. However, such structures significantly suppress antenna radiation efficiency and cannot simultaneously meet the polarization conversion function required for communication.

[0004] Phase-cancelling metasurfaces: These utilize artificial magnetic conductors or checkerboard arrays to generate a 180° phase difference to cancel scattered waves. However, their designs are typically tailored to specific polarizations or incident angles, making them difficult to accommodate wide-bandwidth, wide-angle polarization conversion requirements.

[0005] Static hybrid structure: An attempt was made to integrate polarization conversion and scattering suppression units simultaneously within a single unit. However, due to the conflicting physical mechanisms of the two functions, a severe performance trade-off occurred, and the operating mode could not be dynamically switched according to the electromagnetic environment.

[0006] The fundamental bottleneck of existing technologies lies in the inherent contradiction between polarization conversion and low scattering characteristics in structural design and electromagnetic response. There is a lack of a dynamic reconfigurable mechanism to achieve intelligent coordination and on-demand switching between polarization conversion function and low scattering characteristics in order to adapt to complex electromagnetic countermeasures environments. Summary of the Invention

[0007] The purpose of this invention is to provide a method, apparatus, and device for polarization conversion of low-scattering metasurface array antennas to solve the problems mentioned in the background art.

[0008] The above-mentioned technical objective of the present invention is achieved through the following technical solution: This invention provides a polarization conversion method for a low-scattering metasurface array antenna, comprising the following steps: Design of metasurface array antenna element structure: A unit metal patch pattern is etched on the upper surface of a dielectric substrate, and a metal ground plane is disposed on the lower surface of the dielectric substrate; wherein, the unit metal patch pattern consists of two orthogonal and asymmetrical... Composed of shaped metal arms; Configure polarization conversion operating mode: When the incident electromagnetic wave irradiates the metasurface array antenna element in a perpendicular manner, by adjusting the two The difference in length between the metal arm and the other arm is significant. The polarization components produce orthogonal phase delays, which affect... The polarization components produce an anti-quadrature phase delay; Integrated scattering suppression structure and defined absorption mode: a periodically arranged layer of absorbing material is loaded under the metal ground plane; Establish a dynamic impedance matching mechanism: embed a reconfigurable impedance matching mechanism within the dielectric substrate. The diode array controls the on / off state through bias voltage. When the incident electromagnetic wave is detected to be a radar incident wave of the same polarization, the absorption mode is activated. When the absorption mode is activated, the incident electromagnetic wave is coupled to the absorption material layer for dissipation. Optimize array arrangement: Arrange multiple metasurface array antenna elements according to gradient phase distribution, with the spacing between elements within a preset spacing threshold range, and introduce a fixed phase difference along the array diagonal to improve the main beam gain; Perform coordinated polarization scattering modulation to achieve switching of operating modes.

[0009] By adopting the above technical solution, the metasurface array antenna element can dynamically switch between polarization conversion mode and absorption mode in real time, effectively suppressing specular reflection and resonant scattering energy of radar incident waves in the same polarization direction, while significantly improving the cross-polarization conversion efficiency and axial ratio stability of communication incident waves; by arranging multiple metasurface array antenna elements in a gradient phase distribution with the element spacing within a preset spacing threshold range, the main beam gain is enhanced and the radiation directivity is optimized; by utilizing reconfigurable elements embedded in the dielectric substrate... The dynamic impedance matching mechanism established by the diode array enables the antenna to adaptively respond to changes in complex electromagnetic environments, ultimately improving the overall battlefield survivability and covert communication reliability of the antenna system.

[0010] A further provision is that the steps for designing the metasurface array antenna element structure include: Choose a low-loss dielectric substrate; A copper layer is deposited on the upper surface of the dielectric substrate, and a unit metal patch pattern is formed by photolithography etching. The two described... The line widths of the shaped metal arms are all within the preset line width range; Set the two orthogonal The common vertex of the shaped metal arms is located at the geometric center of the unit, and the two described The effective dielectric constant is set by combining the difference in arm length of the shaped metal arm. Control the two mentioned The corner gap of the shaped metal arm is less than a preset corner gap threshold, and a cross-shaped slot extending to the edge area is opened on the metal ground plate.

[0011] By adopting the above technical solution, energy loss is reduced by using a low-loss dielectric substrate; the unit metal patch pattern formed by photolithography etching ensures that the linewidth is precisely controlled within the preset linewidth range; and two orthogonal... The common vertex of the metal arm is located at the geometric center of the unit. Orthogonal phase control is achieved by combining the arm length difference and the effective dielectric constant setting. The corner gap is controlled to be less than the preset corner gap threshold to suppress parasitic effects. The cross-shaped slots extending to the edge region of the metal ground plane enhance the electromagnetic wave coupling efficiency.

[0012] A further setting is that the step of configuring the polarization conversion operating mode includes: Optimization through full-wave simulation Geometric parameters of the shaped metal arm; At the center frequency, coordinated regulation first Shaped metal arm length and second The length of the metal arm is such that the bandwidth with an axis ratio less than a preset axis ratio threshold is extended to a wide frequency band; A liquid crystal tuning layer is added between the metal ground plane and the dielectric substrate.

[0013] By adopting the above technical solution and optimizing through full-wave simulation Improving the design accuracy of the geometric parameters of the shaped metal arm; coordinating the adjustment of the first [frequency point]. The length of the metal arm is the same as the second The long arm of the metal arm extends the bandwidth of the axial ratio to a wide frequency band when it is less than the preset axial ratio threshold; the added liquid crystal tuning layer provides dynamic tuning capability of the resonant frequency to adapt to the requirements of multi-band electromagnetic environment.

[0014] A further provision is that the fabrication of the microwave absorbing material layer includes: Nickel-zinc ferrite powder is dispersed in a polymer matrix to form a microwave absorbing material layer.

[0015] By adopting the above technical solution, nickel-zinc ferrite powder is dispersed in a polymer matrix to form a microwave absorbing material layer, which achieves broadband strong absorption through a magnetoelectric composite loss mechanism, and the flexible matrix ensures conformal fit with the structure.

[0016] A further step is that the integrated scattering suppression structure and the step of defining the absorption mode include: An impedance transformation layer is provided between the absorbing material layer and the metal ground plane. The impedance transformation layer is composed of porous ceramic-based composite foam. The characteristic impedance of the impedance transformation layer is close to the theoretical matching value and close to zero in the operating frequency band. Periodic microstructures are formed on the surface of the microwave absorbing material layer.

[0017] By adopting the above technical solution, the porous ceramic-based composite foam impedance transformation layer set between the absorbing material layer and the metal grounding plate has a real part of characteristic impedance close to the theoretical matching value and an imaginary part close to zero, breaking through the traditional matching layer thickness limitation; the periodic microstructure on the surface of the absorbing material layer excites multiple dissipation mechanisms, significantly expanding the absorbing bandwidth.

[0018] A further setting is that the steps for establishing the dynamic impedance matching mechanism include: Embedded in the dielectric substrate Matrix arrangement Diode, each A diode connected in series with an RF choke and a DC blocking capacitor in parallel; Establish state transition logic: When bias voltage Voltage greater than the preset high threshold hour, When the diode is turned on, the metasurface array antenna element is equivalent to a low-resistance state, activating the absorption mode; When bias voltage Less than the preset low threshold voltage hour, When the diode is turned off, the metasurface array antenna element exhibits capacitive reactance characteristics and performs polarization switching operation mode. Dynamic bias sequences are generated using a programmable controller.

[0019] By adopting the above technical solution, the dielectric substrate embedded with Matrix arrangement Diodes form a distributed control network, with a series RF choke and a parallel DC blocking capacitor to eliminate bias interference; based on bias voltage... With preset high threshold voltage and low threshold voltage The state switching logic avoids mode oscillation; the dynamic bias sequence generated by the programmable controller supports independent control of array partitions.

[0020] A further setting is that the steps for optimizing the array arrangement include: The arrangement of the plurality of said metasurface array antenna elements is based on the metasurface array arrangement function; Gradient units are set at the array edges to suppress grid lobe levels; Electromagnetic bandgap structures are loaded at the gaps between array elements to suppress surface wave propagation.

[0021] By adopting the above technical solutions, the gradient phase distribution based on the arrangement function is used to optimize and compress discrete phase errors; the gradient unit set at the array edge suppresses the grating level; and the electromagnetic bandgap structure loaded at the gap between the array units blocks the propagation of surface waves and reduces backscattering.

[0022] A further provision is that the step of performing coordinated polarization scattering modulation includes: The polarization parameters of the incident wave are extracted in real time using a directional coupler. Establish decision-making logic: When identified as a communication incident wave, a polarization conversion operating mode is executed. When identified as a radar incident wave, it executes the radar absorption mode; Control signals are injected through a low-phase-error feed network.

[0023] By adopting the above technical solutions, the incident wave polarization parameters extracted in real time by the directional coupler support accurate pattern recognition; the switching is realized based on the decision logic of communication incident wave and radar incident wave recognition; and the low phase error feed network ensures that the control signal transmission does not distort the radiation field distribution.

[0024] The present invention also provides an apparatus comprising the following modules: Unit structure module: includes a dielectric substrate, a unit metal patch pattern, a metal ground plane, an absorbing material layer, and an impedance transformation layer; the metal ground plane has a cross-shaped slot; Dynamic control module: includes a reconfigurable PIN diode array embedded in the dielectric substrate, as well as bias electrodes and driving circuits for the liquid crystal tuning layer; Signal processing module: includes a directional coupler and a programmable controller.

[0025] The present invention also provides an apparatus including a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor; The processor is configured to: The signal from the directional coupler indicates whether the incident wave is for communication or radar. The control device switches to polarization conversion mode or microwave absorption mode; The memory stores the control program; It also includes microwave signal transceiver circuits.

[0026] In summary, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: While maintaining high efficiency and broadband polarization conversion performance, it can achieve active and dynamic strong scattering suppression, that is, realize the intelligent coordination and on-demand switching of polarization conversion function and low scattering characteristics, providing an effective technical solution for the application of smart surfaces and reflective metamaterials in actual electromagnetic countermeasures scenarios. Attached Figure Description

[0027] Figure 1 This is the main flowchart of an embodiment; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the steps involved in establishing the dynamic impedance matching mechanism in the embodiment. Figure 3 This is a schematic block diagram of the device used in an embodiment. Detailed Implementation

[0028] The present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0029] As attached Figures 1 to 3 As shown; This embodiment discloses a polarization conversion method for a low-scattering metasurface array antenna, including the following steps: Design of metasurface array antenna element structure: A unit metal patch pattern is etched on the upper surface of a dielectric substrate, and a metal ground plane is disposed on the lower surface of the dielectric substrate; wherein, the unit metal patch pattern consists of two orthogonal and asymmetrical... Composed of shaped metal arms; Configure polarization conversion operating mode: When the incident electromagnetic wave irradiates the metasurface array antenna element in a perpendicular manner, by adjusting the two The difference in length between the metal arm and the other arm is significant. The polarization components produce orthogonal phase delays, which affect... The polarization components produce an anti-quadrature phase delay; Integrated scattering suppression structure and defined absorption mode: A periodically arranged layer of absorbing material is loaded under the metal ground plane, and electromagnetic wave absorption is achieved based on the absorbing material layer; Establish a dynamic impedance matching mechanism: embed a reconfigurable impedance matching mechanism within the dielectric substrate. The diode array controls the on / off state through bias voltage. When the incident electromagnetic wave is detected to be a radar incident wave of the same polarization, the absorption mode is activated. When the absorption mode is activated, the incident electromagnetic wave is coupled to the absorption material layer for dissipation. Optimize array arrangement: Arrange multiple metasurface array antenna elements according to gradient phase distribution, with the element spacing within a preset spacing threshold range, and introduce a fixed phase difference along the array diagonal to improve the main beam gain; Perform polarization scattering coordinated control: Load an adaptive control circuit at the feed port of the metasurface array antenna element to switch the operating mode according to the polarization state of the incident wave.

[0030] In one possible implementation, the steps for designing the metasurface array antenna element structure include: Select a low-loss dielectric substrate; a low-loss dielectric substrate refers to a substrate with a low dielectric constant. The range is ,thickness The range is The dielectric substrate.

[0031] A copper layer is deposited on the upper surface of a dielectric substrate, and unit metal patch patterns are etched using photolithography. The copper layer has a specific thickness, which specifically refers to... ;two The line widths of the shaped metal arms are all within the preset line width range; the preset line width range specifically refers to... , refer to Shaped metal arm line width; Set two orthogonal The common vertex of the shaped metal arms is located at the geometric center of the unit cell, and the two... The effective dielectric constant is set by combining the difference in arm length of the shaped metal arm. Specifically, the difference in arm length between the two L-shaped metal arms satisfies: in, and First respectively Shaped metal arm and second Shaped metal arm; The speed of light; The center frequency; The effective dielectric constant is determined by the substrate material. ,thickness and Shaped metal arm line width The obtained equivalent parameters.

[0032] Control two The corner gap of the shaped metal arm is less than a preset corner gap threshold, and a cross-shaped slot extending to the edge area is opened on the metal ground plane. Specifically, the preset corner gap threshold is... ,in Refers to the operating wavelength; the width of the cross-shaped slit is... The gap extends to the edge of the metal grounding plate. area.

[0033] Example 1 Rogers RO4350B dielectric substrate was selected, with a dielectric constant of... ,thickness upper surface pressing Electrolytic copper layer; The engraving process forms unit metal patch patterns, containing two orthogonal asymmetrical ones. Shaped metal arm; First Shaped metal arm length ,second Shaped metal arm length arm length difference Effective dielectric constant , The requirements are met; A metal ground plane is provided on the lower surface of the dielectric substrate. Thick copper metal grounding plate; Etching width A cross-shaped gap; Furthermore, control The corner clearance of the metal arm is .

[0034] In one possible implementation, the steps for configuring the polarization conversion operating mode include: Optimization through full-wave simulation Geometric parameters of the shaped metal arm; through optimization The geometric parameters of the shaped metal arm make polarization components and The reflection phase difference of the polarization components satisfies: in, express Polarized incident The phase of the polarization reflection component; At the center frequency point, the center frequency point is specifically... At the frequency point, coordinated adjustment is the first priority. Shaped metal arm length exist Variation within range and second Shaped metal arm length exist Variations within a certain range cause the axial ratio to be less than a preset axial ratio threshold. The bandwidth has been extended to a wideband. ; A liquid crystal tuning layer is added between the metal ground plane and the dielectric substrate. The liquid crystal tuning layer includes an ITO transparent electrode and a nematic liquid crystal material. The orientation of the liquid crystal molecules is controlled by the bias voltage to achieve dynamic tuning of the polarization conversion phase within the range.

[0035] Example 2 Set above the metal grounding plate Thick liquid crystal tuning layer; bias voltage Continuous control, polarization conversion phase change range °.

[0036] In one possible implementation, the fabrication of the microwave absorbing material layer includes: Nickel-zinc ferrite powder is dispersed in a polymer matrix to form a microwave absorbing material layer. Specifically, the particle size range is... Nickel-zinc ferrite powder by mass fraction Dispersed within a silicone rubber matrix, this results in a composite material with a complex dielectric constant. satisfy: in, Let be the real part of the complex permittivity. This represents the imaginary part of the complex permittivity. It represents the imaginary unit.

[0037] Example 3 Particle size of nickel-zinc ferrite powder ,according to Dispersed in a silicone rubber matrix; Measured complex permittivity ,satisfy .

[0038] In one possible implementation, the steps of integrating the scattering suppression structure and defining the absorption mode include: An impedance transformation layer is provided between the absorbing material layer and the metal ground plane, and the thickness of the impedance transformation layer is [missing information]. , The operating wavelength is specified; the impedance transformation layer is composed of porous ceramic-based composite foam; specifically, the impedance transformation layer is composed of honeycomb-shaped ceramic-based composite foam, and the porosity is controlled within a certain range. Furthermore, within the operating frequency band, the characteristic impedance of the impedance transformation layer has a real part close to the theoretical matching value and an imaginary part close to zero; the specific value of the theoretical matching value... ; Specifically, the characteristic impedance of the anti-transformation layer Within the operating frequency band, the following conditions must be met: in, Represents the real part of the characteristic impedance. Represents the imaginary part of the characteristic impedance. Free-space wave impedance; Periodic microstructures are formed on the surface of the absorbing material layer. These periodic microstructures refer to Jerusalem-shaped cross-shaped microstructures with a depth of [missing information]. The unit period is , This is the operating wavelength.

[0039] Example 4 Porosity of honeycomb ceramic matrix composite foam ,thickness ; Measured characteristic impedance , .

[0040] In one possible implementation, the steps to establish a dynamic impedance matching mechanism include: Embedded in dielectric substrate Matrix arrangement Diode, each Diode series RF chokes in parallel DC blocking capacitor; Establish state transition logic: When bias voltage Voltage greater than the preset high threshold hour, When the diode is turned on, the metasurface array antenna element is equivalent to a low-impedance state, activating the absorption mode. Activating the absorption mode: the reflected energy of the incident electromagnetic wave is coupled to the absorbing material layer through the cross-shaped gap of the metal ground plane. After being matched by the impedance transformation layer, the electromagnetic energy is dissipated by the nickel-zinc ferrite-honeycomb ceramic matrix composite foam.

[0041] When bias voltage Less than the preset low threshold voltage hour, When the diode is turned off, the metasurface array antenna element exhibits capacitive reactance characteristics and executes the polarization conversion working mode; the polarization conversion working mode is achieved by dynamically controlling the polarization conversion phase by adjusting the orientation of liquid crystal molecules.

[0042] When bias voltage At threshold voltage and high threshold voltage During this period, maintain the current operating state of the metasurface array antenna unit; The dynamic bias sequence is generated by a programmable controller, and the response time must be less than the radar pulse width.

[0043] Specifically, a preset high threshold voltage Preset low threshold voltage .

[0044] In one possible implementation, the steps for optimizing the array arrangement include: The arrangement of multiple metasurface array antenna elements is based on the metasurface array arrangement function; The arrangement function of the metasurface array is designed as follows: in, Indicates that the metasurface array antenna element is in The index number of the direction; Indicates that adjacent metasurface array antenna elements are in Center-to-center spacing in the direction; The direction cosine represents the direction of the target beam; Indicates that the metasurface array antenna element is in The index order of the direction; Indicates that adjacent metasurface array antenna elements are in Center-to-center spacing in the direction; The fixed phase gradient coefficient is along the diagonal direction, and its value range is... And satisfy To avoid grid lobes; It is located at the line, number The excitation phase of the metasurface unit cells in the column; Gradient units are set at the array edges to suppress gate lobe levels; specifically, gradient units are set at the array edges: the outermost units... The length of the shaped metal arm decreases in an arithmetic sequence, with a decrease step size of . Suppress gate lobe level to the following; Electromagnetic bandgap structures are loaded at the gaps between array elements to suppress surface wave propagation. The electromagnetic bandgap structure is achieved by placing mushroom-shaped EBG elements at the gaps between array elements, with an element period of [missing information]. ,in This refers to the operating wavelength, which in turn suppresses surface wave propagation.

[0045] Example 5 use Cell array, ; set up Target beam direction; No. Unit excitation phase: .

[0046] In one possible implementation, the steps for performing coordinated polarization scattering modulation include: The polarization parameters of the incident wave are extracted in real time using a directional coupler. The directional coupler is a dual-channel orthogonal coupler, and the Stokes parameters of the incident wave are extracted in real time to calculate the ellipticity angle. and shaft ratio ; Establish decision-making logic: When identified as a communication incident wave, a polarization conversion operating mode is executed; preferably, the identification condition for the communication incident wave is: satisfying... and ; When identified as a radar incident wave, the radar absorption mode is executed; preferably, the radar incident wave identification condition is: when polarization entropy is detected. And the pulse repetition interval is less than ; When the conditions for determining both the incident wave from communication and the incident wave from radar are met simultaneously, the absorbing mode is executed first. Control signals are injected through a low-phase-error feed network. Specifically, the feed network employs a Wilkinson power divider topology, with phase consistency error between adjacent metasurface array antenna elements less than [value missing] and response delay less than [value missing]. .

[0047] This embodiment also discloses an apparatus, including the following modules: Unit structure module: includes dielectric substrate, unit metal patch pattern, metal ground plane, absorbing material layer and impedance transformation layer; the metal ground plane has cross-shaped slots; Dynamic control module: includes a reconfigurable PIN diode array embedded in the dielectric substrate, as well as bias electrodes and driving circuits for the liquid crystal tuning layer; Signal processing module: includes a directional coupler and a programmable controller.

[0048] This embodiment also discloses a device, including a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor; The processor is configured as follows: The signal from the directional coupler indicates whether the incident wave is for communication or radar. The control device switches to polarization conversion mode or microwave absorption mode; The memory stores the control program; It also includes microwave signal transceiver circuitry, which is connected to the metasurface array antenna unit via a Wilkinson power divider feed network.

[0049] This invention achieves intelligent coordinated switching between polarization conversion and low scattering characteristics through a dynamic impedance matching mechanism, possessing the core characteristics of an intelligent surface; its structure design based on a metasurface array can be regarded as a special metamaterial for reflection; the whole possesses the function of an intelligent reflective surface, and can adaptively adjust its working mode according to changes in the electromagnetic environment, which has important military and civilian communication value.

[0050] This specific embodiment is merely an explanation of the present invention and is not intended to limit the invention. After reading this specification, those skilled in the art can make modifications to this embodiment without contributing any inventive step, but such modifications are protected by patent law as long as they are within the scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A polarization conversion method for a low-scattering metasurface array antenna, characterized in that, It includes the following steps: Design of metasurface array antenna element structure: A unit metal patch pattern is etched on the upper surface of a dielectric substrate, and a metal ground plane is disposed on the lower surface of the dielectric substrate; wherein, the unit metal patch pattern consists of two orthogonal and asymmetrical... Composed of shaped metal arms; Configure polarization conversion operating mode: When the incident electromagnetic wave irradiates the metasurface array antenna element in a perpendicular manner, by adjusting the two The difference in length between the metal arm and the other arm is significant. The polarization components produce orthogonal phase delays, which affect... The polarization components produce an anti-quadrature phase delay; Integrated scattering suppression structure and defined absorption mode: a periodically arranged layer of absorbing material is loaded under the metal ground plane; Establish a dynamic impedance matching mechanism: embed a reconfigurable impedance matching mechanism within the dielectric substrate. The diode array controls the on / off state through bias voltage. When the incident electromagnetic wave is detected to be a radar incident wave of the same polarization, the absorption mode is activated. When the absorption mode is activated, the incident electromagnetic wave is coupled to the absorption material layer for dissipation. Optimize array arrangement: Arrange multiple metasurface array antenna elements according to gradient phase distribution, with the spacing between elements within a preset spacing threshold range, and introduce a fixed phase difference along the array diagonal to improve the main beam gain; Perform coordinated polarization scattering modulation to achieve switching of operating modes.

2. The polarization conversion method for a low-scattering metasurface array antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that: The steps for designing the metasurface array antenna element structure include: Choose a low-loss dielectric substrate; A copper layer is deposited on the upper surface of the dielectric substrate, and a unit metal patch pattern is formed by photolithography etching. The two described... The line widths of the shaped metal arms are all within the preset line width range; Set the two orthogonal The common vertex of the shaped metal arms is located at the geometric center of the unit, and the two described The effective dielectric constant is set by combining the difference in arm length of the shaped metal arm. Control the two mentioned The corner gap of the shaped metal arm is less than a preset corner gap threshold, and a cross-shaped slot extending to the edge area is opened on the metal ground plate.

3. The polarization conversion method for a low-scattering metasurface array antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that: The steps for configuring the polarization conversion operating mode include: Optimization through full-wave simulation Geometric parameters of the shaped metal arm; At the center frequency, coordinated regulation first Shaped metal arm length and second The length of the metal arm is such that the bandwidth with an axis ratio less than a preset axis ratio threshold is extended to a wide frequency band; A liquid crystal tuning layer is added between the metal ground plane and the dielectric substrate.

4. The polarization conversion method for a low-scattering metasurface array antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that: The fabrication of the microwave absorbing material layer includes: Nickel-zinc ferrite powder is dispersed in a polymer matrix to form a microwave absorbing material layer.

5. The polarization conversion method for a low-scattering metasurface array antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that: The steps of establishing the integrated scattering suppression structure and defining the absorption mode include: An impedance transformation layer is provided between the absorbing material layer and the metal ground plane. The impedance transformation layer is composed of porous ceramic-based composite foam. The characteristic impedance of the impedance transformation layer is close to the theoretical matching value and close to zero in the operating frequency band. Periodic microstructures are formed on the surface of the microwave absorbing material layer.

6. The polarization conversion method for a low-scattering metasurface array antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that: The steps for establishing a dynamic impedance matching mechanism include: Embedded in the dielectric substrate Matrix arrangement Diode, each A diode connected in series with an RF choke and a DC blocking capacitor in parallel; Establish state transition logic: When bias voltage Voltage greater than the preset high threshold hour, When the diode is turned on, the metasurface array antenna element is equivalent to a low-resistance state, activating the absorption mode; When bias voltage Less than the preset low threshold voltage hour, When the diode is turned off, the metasurface array antenna element exhibits capacitive reactance characteristics and performs polarization switching operation mode. Dynamic bias sequences are generated using a programmable controller.

7. The polarization conversion method for a low-scattering metasurface array antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that: The steps for optimizing the array arrangement include: The arrangement of the plurality of said metasurface array antenna elements is based on the metasurface array arrangement function; Gradient units are set at the array edges to suppress grid lobe levels; Electromagnetic bandgap structures are loaded at the gaps between array elements to suppress surface wave propagation.

8. The polarization conversion method for a low-scattering metasurface array antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that: The steps for performing coordinated polarization scattering modulation include: The polarization parameters of the incident wave are extracted in real time using a directional coupler. Establish decision-making logic: When identified as a communication incident wave, a polarization conversion operating mode is executed. When identified as a radar incident wave, it executes the radar absorption mode; Control signals are injected through a low-phase-error feed network.

9. An apparatus for use in the polarization conversion method of a low-scattering metasurface array antenna according to any one of claims 1-8, characterized in that, It includes the following modules: Unit structure module: includes a dielectric substrate, a unit metal patch pattern, a metal ground plane, an absorbing material layer, and an impedance transformation layer; the metal ground plane has a cross-shaped slot; Dynamic control module: includes a reconfigurable PIN diode array embedded in the dielectric substrate, as well as bias electrodes and driving circuits for the liquid crystal tuning layer; Signal processing module: includes a directional coupler and a programmable controller.

10. An apparatus comprising a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor, characterized in that: The processor is configured to: The signal from the directional coupler indicates whether the incident wave is for communication or radar. The control device switches to polarization conversion mode or microwave absorption mode; The memory stores the control program; It also includes microwave signal transceiver circuits.

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