Low-power-consumption and long-endurance multifunctional ear tag system and control method

Abstract

The invention provides a low-power-consumption and long-endurance multifunctional ear tag system and a control method, and relates to the technical field of artificial intelligence, in particular to application of artificial intelligence in the technical field of animal electronic identification and monitoring. The ear tag system comprises an analog sensor, a communication unit, a microcontroller, an intelligent dormancy and awakening management unit and a power supply unit, wherein the microcontroller is used for identifying the behavior state of the target object by utilizing a behavior identification model according to the temperature data and the acceleration data acquired by the analog sensor, and adjusting the data acquisition frequency of the analog sensor and the wireless communication frequency of the communication unit according to the behavior state. The ear tag system can dynamically adjust data acquisition and transmission frequency according to animal behavior states (such as sleep, walking, feeding and the like) through an intelligent sleep and timed wake-up strategy based on an artificial intelligence algorithm, so that the optimal working state of equipment in different situations is ensured, invalid data acquisition and transmission are reduced, and power consumption is greatly reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of artificial intelligence technology, specifically to the application of artificial intelligence in the field of animal electronic tagging and monitoring technology, and more specifically, to a low-power, long-lasting multifunctional ear tag system and control method. Background Technology

[0002] Existing electronic ear tag devices typically integrate functions such as identification, temperature sensing, and activity monitoring, and upload data wirelessly (e.g., via Bluetooth, Long Range Radio, LoRa). However, these electronic ear tag devices generally face the following shortcomings:

[0003] Firstly, existing multi-functional ear tags lack intelligent decision-making algorithms for sleep and timed wake-up, as well as for managing data acquisition and transmission frequencies. They simply operate intermittently, such as by sleeping or controlling the data upload frequency, which increases system power consumption.

[0004] Secondly, existing multi-functional ear tags are powered by a single power source for each module, lacking personalized management, resulting in low battery life. In addition, the ear tag batteries cannot be recharged, making them disposable devices.

[0005] Third, the existing multi-functional ear tags have redundant Bluetooth or Bluetooth Low Energy protocols, resulting in excessive power consumption.

[0006] Therefore, there is an urgent need for an ear tag device that can significantly reduce system power consumption, greatly extend working time, and facilitate energy replenishment. Summary of the Invention

[0007] In view of this, the present invention provides a low-power, long-battery-life multifunctional ear tag system and control method, which aims to achieve low power consumption and long battery life of ear tag devices through multi-level collaborative optimization of hardware, software, communication protocols and algorithms.

[0008] One aspect of the present invention provides a low-power, long-battery-life multifunctional ear tag system. The ear tag system is configured with a sleep mode and a wake-up mode, comprising: an analog sensor for collecting temperature and acceleration data of a target object; a communication unit for transmitting the temperature and acceleration data; a microcontroller for recognizing the behavioral state of the target object using a behavior recognition model based on the temperature and acceleration data, and adjusting the data acquisition frequency of the analog sensor and the wireless communication frequency of the communication unit according to the behavioral state; an intelligent sleep and wake-up management unit including a timer and an auxiliary circuit, wherein the timer is used to generate a wake-up signal according to a custom time interval to control the ear tag system to switch from sleep mode to wake-up mode, and the auxiliary circuit is used to force the ear tag system to switch from sleep mode to wake-up mode if the timer expires without response; and a power supply unit for providing power to the ear tag system; wherein, when the ear tag system is in sleep mode, the core of the microcontroller is suspended, and the power supply to the analog sensor is cut off.

[0009] According to an embodiment of the present invention, it further includes: a multi-voltage domain power management unit; wherein the multi-voltage domain power management unit is configured to power the ear tag system through a partitioned voltage power supply mechanism, the partitioned voltage power supply mechanism including: a first voltage domain for providing power to the microcontroller; a second voltage domain for providing power to the analog sensor; and a third voltage domain for providing power to the power supply unit.

[0010] According to an embodiment of the present invention, each voltage domain in the multi-voltage domain power management unit is generated by a low-dropout linear regulator or a DC-DC converter, and supports independent enable and disable.

[0011] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the communication unit is built on radio frequency hardware and is capable of running a customizable 2.4GHz proprietary wireless communication protocol stack.

[0012] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the physical layer of the protocol stack is simplified to use only 1 to 3 fixed working channels for communication and is limited to data transmission only at a fixed transmission rate of 1 Mbps.

[0013] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the device discovery, role switching and advertising package extension interaction functions are removed from the general access configuration layer of the protocol stack, and only the fixed pairing broadcast function based on the preset ID is retained.

[0014] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the data link layer of the protocol stack is optimized to trigger the acknowledgment mechanism only when an abnormal event occurs in the data, while normal data is sent in an unacknowledged broadcast manner.

[0015] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the power supply unit includes: a battery, a wireless charging receiver, and a wireless charging transmitter; the wireless charging receiver is integrated inside the ear tag system and includes a charging receiver chip and a wireless charging receiver coil; the wireless charging transmitter is located outside the ear tag system and includes a wireless charging transmitter chip and a wireless charging transmitter coil; wherein, when the distance between the receiver and the transmitter is less than a preset threshold, the wireless charging transmitter chip can wirelessly charge the battery via the charging receiver chip through the electromagnetic induction principle between the wireless charging transmitter coil and the wireless charging receiver coil.

[0016] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the transmitter is configured as either fixed or handheld; wherein the fixed type is located on the target object's path of movement, and the handheld type is carried by the operator.

[0017] Another aspect of the present invention provides a low-power, long-endurance multifunctional ear tag system control method, comprising: acquiring temperature data and acceleration data of a target object; identifying the behavioral state of the target object using a behavior recognition model based on the temperature data and acceleration data; adjusting the data acquisition frequency and wireless communication frequency according to the behavioral state; reducing the data acquisition frequency and wireless communication frequency in response to a first behavioral state; maintaining the data acquisition frequency and wireless communication frequency at normal frequencies in response to a second behavioral state; and increasing the data acquisition frequency and wireless communication frequency in response to a third behavioral state.

[0018] Compared with the prior art, the low-power, long-battery-life multifunctional ear tag system and control method provided by the embodiments of the present invention have at least the following beneficial effects:

[0019] (1) The low-power, long-battery-life multifunctional ear tag system and control method provided in the embodiments of the present invention can dynamically adjust the data collection and transmission frequency according to the animal's behavioral state (such as sleeping, walking, eating, etc.) through intelligent sleep and timed wake-up strategies based on artificial intelligence algorithms, ensuring the optimal working state of the device in different situations, reducing invalid data collection and transmission, and greatly reducing power consumption.

[0020] (2) The low-power, long-endurance multi-functional ear tag system and control method provided in the embodiments of the present invention are based on a zoned voltage power supply strategy, and multiple voltage domains are designed to provide the most suitable voltage for different modules, ensuring that each module can work in the most energy-efficient state, effectively reducing the basic power consumption of the circuit.

[0021] (3) The low-power, long-endurance multi-functional ear tag system and control method provided in the embodiments of the present invention have trimmed the existing communication protocol stack, reduced unnecessary functions, removed redundant functions from the trimmed private communication protocol, reduced the resource occupation of the microcontroller, and reduced communication power consumption and transmission delay.

[0022] (4) The low-power, long-lasting multifunctional ear tag system and control method provided in the embodiments of the present invention have designed a power supply unit based on wireless charging, which enables the ear tag device to be recharged and used repeatedly, which not only extends the battery life of the device, but also reduces the cost of using the device and the waste of resources. Attached Figure Description

[0023] The above and other objects, features and advantages of the present invention will become more apparent from the following description of embodiments of the invention with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:

[0024] Figure 1 This schematic diagram illustrates a structural block diagram of a low-power, long-battery-life multifunctional ear tag system according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 2 A flowchart illustrating a low-power, long-battery-life multifunctional ear tag system control method according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown. Detailed Implementation

[0026] Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings. However, it should be understood that these descriptions are exemplary only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention. In the following detailed description, numerous specific details are set forth to provide a thorough understanding of the embodiments of the invention for ease of explanation. However, it will be apparent that one or more embodiments may be practiced without these specific details. Furthermore, descriptions of well-known structures and techniques are omitted in the following description to avoid unnecessarily obscuring the concept of the invention.

[0027] The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to limit the invention. The terms “comprising,” “including,” etc., as used herein indicate the presence of the stated features, steps, operations, and / or components, but do not exclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, steps, operations, or components.

[0028] All terms used herein (including technical and scientific terms) have the meanings commonly understood by those skilled in the art, unless otherwise defined. It should be noted that the terms used herein are to be interpreted in a manner consistent with the context of this specification, and not in an idealized or overly rigid way.

[0029] When using expressions such as "at least one of A, B and C", they should generally be interpreted in accordance with the meaning that is commonly understood by those skilled in the art (e.g., "a system having at least one of A, B and C" should include, but is not limited to, a system having A alone, a system having B alone, a system having C alone, a system having A and B, a system having A and C, a system having B and C, and / or a system having A, B and C, etc.).

[0030] In the embodiments of this invention, the collection, updating, analysis, processing, use, transmission, provision, disclosure, and storage of data (e.g., including but not limited to user personal information) comply with relevant laws and regulations, are used for legitimate purposes, and do not violate public order and good morals. In particular, necessary measures have been taken to prevent unauthorized access to user personal information data and to maintain the security of user personal information and network security.

[0031] Existing electronic ear tag devices typically integrate functions such as identification, temperature sensing, and activity monitoring, and upload data wirelessly (e.g., via Bluetooth, LoRa). However, these electronic ear tag devices generally face the challenges of high power consumption and short battery life, mainly due to the following reasons:

[0032] Lack of refined power management: The device is in a working or standby listening state for a long time, and the sensors and peripheral circuits continuously consume power. There is a lack of deep, customizable sleep and wake-up and operating frequency adjustment mechanisms.

[0033] Insufficient circuit power consumption optimization: The device typically uses a uniform power supply voltage to power all modules, which cannot provide the optimal voltage for modules with different performance requirements, resulting in high static and dynamic power consumption.

[0034] High communication protocol overhead: The use of a complete standardized wireless protocol stack (such as the Bluetooth protocol stack) and its complex connection, broadcast, and retransmission mechanisms consume a lot of microcontroller unit (MCU) resources and time, resulting in high power consumption during communication and introducing unnecessary delays.

[0035] Inconvenient energy replenishment: Most equipment uses disposable batteries, which cannot be replaced once the battery is depleted after the equipment is packaged. This results in high maintenance costs and cumbersome operation in large-scale farming scenarios.

[0036] In summary, existing multi-functional ear tags face the following shortcomings:

[0037] Firstly, existing multi-functional ear tags lack intelligent decision-making algorithms for sleep and timed wake-up, as well as for managing data acquisition and transmission frequencies. They simply operate intermittently, such as by sleeping or controlling the data upload frequency, which increases system power consumption.

[0038] Secondly, existing multi-functional ear tags are powered by a single power source for each module, lacking personalized management, resulting in low battery life. In addition, the ear tag batteries cannot be recharged, making them disposable devices.

[0039] Third, the existing multi-functional ear tags have redundant Bluetooth or Bluetooth Low Energy protocols, resulting in excessive power consumption.

[0040] Therefore, there is an urgent need for an ear tag device that can significantly reduce system power consumption, greatly extend working time, and facilitate energy replenishment.

[0041] Based on this, embodiments of the present invention provide a low-power, long-battery-life multifunctional ear tag system and control method, aiming to achieve low power consumption and long battery life of the ear tag device through multi-level collaborative optimization of hardware, software, communication protocols and algorithms.

[0042] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the present invention clearer, the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments and accompanying drawings.

[0043] Figure 1 The diagram illustrates a structural block diagram of a low-power, long-battery-life multifunctional ear tag system according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0044] like Figure 1 As shown, the low-power, long-battery-life multi-functional ear tag system of this embodiment may include, for example, an analog sensor, a communication unit, a microcontroller, an intelligent sleep and wake-up management unit, and a power supply unit.

[0045] In this embodiment, the multi-functional ear tag system is configured with a sleep mode and a wake-up mode, which can be used for monitoring target objects (such as individual animals like pets).

[0046] Among them, the analog sensor is used to collect temperature and acceleration data of the target object.

[0047] For example, in this embodiment, the simulated sensor can specifically collect the animal's temperature data through a temperature sensor and the animal's acceleration data through an acceleration sensor.

[0048] The communication unit is used to transmit temperature and acceleration data.

[0049] For example, in this embodiment, wireless communication technology can be used for data transmission. After the analog sensor collects temperature data and acceleration data, it is uploaded to the microcontroller for data processing through the communication unit.

[0050] The microcontroller is used to identify the behavior state of a target object based on temperature and acceleration data using a behavior recognition model, and adjusts the data acquisition frequency of the analog sensor and the wireless communication frequency of the communication unit according to the behavior state.

[0051] For example, in this embodiment, the microcontroller can integrate an artificial intelligence algorithm (i.e., a behavior recognition model). This AI algorithm is a low-power algorithm based on machine learning. It can intelligently identify typical animal behavior states (such as sleep and stillness, walking and eating, illness and estrus) by analyzing data such as temperature and acceleration collected by analog sensors. Then, based on the identification results, it dynamically adjusts the sampling frequency of the analog sensors and the transmission frequency of wireless communication. For example, when the animal is sleeping or still for a long time, the sampling and transmission frequency can be reduced to prolong the hibernation time; when walking and eating, a preset normal sampling and transmission frequency can be used; when abnormal activity or specific behaviors (such as illness or estrus) are detected, the data acquisition and reporting frequency can be increased.

[0052] In addition, this artificial intelligence algorithm can be integrated not only into the microcontroller, but also into a dedicated low-power coprocessor that works in conjunction with it.

[0053] The intelligent sleep and wake-up management unit includes a timer and an auxiliary circuit. The timer generates a wake-up signal based on a custom time interval to control the ear tag system to switch from sleep mode to wake-up mode. The auxiliary circuit forces the ear tag system to switch from sleep mode to wake-up mode if the timer expires without response.

[0054] For example, in this embodiment, the intelligent sleep and wake-up management unit can be implemented by a low-power timer inside the microcontroller and external auxiliary circuits (such as a watchdog circuit).

[0055] The ear tag system can enter a deep sleep mode when not transmitting data. In this mode, the microcontroller core suspends operation, and some voltage domains (such as analog sensor power supply) can be completely cut off. The ear tag system wakes up periodically according to a preset, remotely configurable custom time interval, restores full power supply, collects sensor data, and transmits it through the wireless communication unit before entering deep sleep again. This ensures that the ear tag system can operate with the lowest power consumption according to the actual situation of the target object.

[0056] The power supply unit provides power to the ear tag system.

[0057] For example, in this embodiment, the power supply unit can be located at the radio frequency front end to provide the power required for the ear tag system to operate.

[0058] The low-power, long-battery-life multifunctional ear tag system provided in this invention uses an intelligent sleep and timed wake-up strategy based on artificial intelligence algorithms to dynamically adjust the data collection and transmission frequency according to the animal's behavioral state (such as sleeping, walking, eating, etc.), ensuring the optimal working state of the device in different situations, reducing invalid data collection and transmission, and greatly reducing power consumption.

[0059] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the ear tag system may further include, for example, a multi-voltage domain power management unit.

[0060] The multi-voltage domain power management unit is configured to power the ear tag system through a zoned voltage power supply mechanism. It has multiple voltage domains, including: a first voltage domain for powering the microcontroller; a second voltage domain for powering the analog sensor; and a third voltage domain for powering the power supply unit.

[0061] For example, in this embodiment, based on the performance requirements of each part of the ear tag system, a zoned voltage power supply strategy is adopted, setting three voltage domains, specifically including:

[0062] The system consists of an ultra-low voltage domain, or first voltage domain, that powers the microcontroller core and memory; an independent, turn-off medium voltage domain, or second voltage domain, that powers analog sensors (such as temperature sensors and accelerometers); and a standard voltage domain, or third voltage domain, that powers the power supply unit of the RF front end.

[0063] Each voltage domain provides the appropriate power supply voltage for a specific type of circuit module. The entire system coordinates the operating state (enabled or disabled) of different voltage domains through a central controller to achieve the best balance between power consumption and performance.

[0064] According to an embodiment of the present invention, each voltage domain in the multi-voltage domain power management unit is generated by a high-efficiency low-dropout linear regulator or a DC-DC converter, and supports independent enable and disable.

[0065] The low-power, long-battery-life multi-functional ear tag system provided in this invention embodiment is based on a zoned voltage power supply strategy. It designs multiple voltage domains to provide the most suitable voltage for different modules, ensuring that each module can work in the most energy-efficient state and effectively reducing the basic power consumption of the circuit.

[0066] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the communication unit is built on radio frequency hardware and is capable of running a customizable 2.4GHz proprietary wireless communication protocol stack.

[0067] In animal ear tag scenarios, the ear tag (slave device) only needs to transmit data to a fixed gateway (master device), without requiring device discovery, role switching, or complex interaction mechanisms. Therefore, the Bluetooth protocol can be simplified. For example, the protocol stack can be simplified to include only the necessary physical layer and data link layer, eliminating higher-level protocols for complex application scenarios. This greatly simplifies connection establishment, data encapsulation, and over-the-air transmission, reducing microcontroller processing overhead and RF unit operating time, thereby significantly reducing communication power consumption and transmission latency. Specifically:

[0068] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the physical layer of the protocol stack is simplified to use only 1 to 3 fixed working channels for communication and is limited to data transmission only at a fixed transmission rate of 1 Mbps.

[0069] For example, in this embodiment, optimization can begin with the channel aspect. For the physical layer (PHY), considering that Bluetooth uses dozens of channels (79 channels for classic Bluetooth and 40 channels for Bluetooth Low Energy) and employs frequency hopping transmission, excessive channel selection and frequency hopping increase runtime scheduling complexity. For instance, frequency hopping requires maintaining a channel mapping table and executing adaptive frequency hopping algorithms, leading to increased microcontroller overhead and RF switching frequency. Therefore, for the ear tag's 2.4G proprietary protocol, channel management needs to be simplified, i.e., using only 1-3 fixed working channels, specified or hard-coded by the master device (gateway). Then, fixed-rate transmission is implemented, retaining only the 1Mbps rate mode and eliminating the 2Mbps and long-range coding modes to avoid power consumption during rate switching negotiation. The 1Mbps rate is sufficient to meet the ear tag's small data transmission requirements, and the modulation / demodulation circuitry has low complexity and lower power consumption.

[0070] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the device discovery, role switching and advertising package extension interaction functions are removed from the general access configuration layer of the protocol stack, and only the fixed pairing broadcast function based on the preset ID is retained.

[0071] For example, in this embodiment, optimizations can also be made in terms of the connection model. Device discovery, role switching, and ad package extension interactions at the Generic Access Profile (GAP) layer are removed, retaining only the most basic "fixed pairing broadcast" function, thus simplifying the device identification process.

[0072] In addition, the Bluetooth protocol's "connection establishment" mechanism can be eliminated. Bluetooth connection establishment requires multiple steps, including "broadcast-scanning-connection request-connection response-parameter negotiation," which is complex and time-consuming. Therefore, a proprietary protocol can be simplified to "communication only." The ear tag is written with a unique ID and its associated gateway address at the factory. The ear tag periodically sends unidirectional data frames containing its own ID and the gateway's target address. The gateway only processes frames whose target address matches its own. There is no connection establishment, no role switching, and no gap interaction throughout the entire process; that is, the ear tag periodically broadcasts, and the gateway passively listens, eliminating the power consumption overhead of connection parameter negotiation, updates, and timeout management.

[0073] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the data link layer of the protocol stack is optimized to trigger the acknowledgment mechanism only when an abnormal event occurs in the data, while normal data is sent in an unacknowledged broadcast manner.

[0074] For example, in this embodiment, optimization can also be made in terms of the Acknowledgment Mechanism (ACK). The ACK in this 2.4GHz proprietary wireless communication protocol stack is optimized into an "on-demand, lightweight, single-retransmission" reliability strategy, that is, it is not necessary to request ACK for every piece of data, but only when the data contains abnormal events (such as abnormal body temperature).

[0075] The ACK frame contains only a synchronization word, device ID, and ACK flag, with a streamlined length. If no ACK is received within a timeout period, it will be retransmitted at most once (not infinitely). Normal health data is broadcast without ACK. This strategy ensures that the ear tag system confirms successful reception of critical data only when necessary, avoiding redundant interactions in regular communication and thus maximizing power savings.

[0076] The low-power, long-battery-life multi-functional ear tag system provided in this invention has trimmed the existing communication protocol stack, reduced unnecessary functions, and removed redundant functions from the trimmed private communication protocol, reducing the resource consumption of the microcontroller and lowering communication power consumption and transmission latency.

[0077] According to embodiments of the present invention, the power supply unit may include, for example, a battery, a wireless charging receiver, and a wireless charging transmitter.

[0078] The battery is integrated inside the ear tag system and is used to power the ear tag system.

[0079] The wireless charging receiver is integrated into the ear tag system and includes a charging receiver chip and a wireless charging receiver coil.

[0080] The wireless charging transmitter is located outside the ear tag system and includes a wireless charging transmitter chip and a wireless charging transmitter coil.

[0081] Specifically, when the distance between the receiver and the transmitter is less than a preset threshold, the wireless charging transmitter chip can wirelessly charge the ear tag system's battery through the electromagnetic induction principle between the wireless charging transmitter coil and the wireless charging receiver coil, via the charging receiver chip.

[0082] For example, in this embodiment, when the wireless charging transmitter is connected to an external power source, its internal wireless charging transmitter coil generates a constantly changing magnetic field through alternating current. When the wireless charging receiver coil of the receiver approaches the transmitter, the changing magnetic field of the transmitter passes through the receiver coil. According to electromagnetic induction, the changing magnetic field generates alternating current in the receiver coil. The alternating current is rectified into direct current by the control circuit board inside the ear tag system, and then regulated to the appropriate voltage and current required by the battery, thereby charging the battery.

[0083] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the transmitter is configured as either fixed or handheld.

[0084] The fixed type is placed along the target object's behavior path, while the handheld type is carried by the operator.

[0085] For example, in this embodiment, the transmitter can be either fixed or handheld. A fixed transmitter can be installed along the target animal's daily behavioral path, such as beside a feeding trough, a passageway, or a resting area. When the animal's ear tag system approaches the transmitter, its internal receiver generates an electromagnetic induction, triggering charging. Alternatively, an operator can carry a handheld transmitter close to the animal's ear tag system to manually trigger charging.

[0086] The low-power, long-battery-life multifunctional ear tag system provided in this invention features a power unit based on wireless charging, enabling the ear tag device to be recharged and used repeatedly. This not only extends the device's battery life but also reduces the device's operating costs and resource waste.

[0087] This invention also provides a control method for a multifunctional ear tag system that features low power consumption and long battery life.

[0088] Figure 2 A flowchart illustrating a low-power, long-battery-life multifunctional ear tag system control method according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown.

[0089] like Figure 2 As shown, the low-power, long-battery-life multi-functional ear tag system control method of this embodiment may include operations S1~S6:

[0090] In operation S1, temperature and acceleration data of the target object are collected.

[0091] In operation S2, the behavior state of the target object is identified using a behavior recognition model based on temperature and acceleration data.

[0092] When operating S3, adjust the data acquisition frequency and wireless communication frequency according to the behavior status.

[0093] In operation S4, in response to the behavior state being the first behavior state, the data acquisition frequency and wireless communication frequency are reduced.

[0094] When operating S5, in response to the behavior state being the second behavior state, the data acquisition frequency and wireless communication frequency are maintained at normal frequencies.

[0095] In operation S6, in response to the behavior state being the third behavior state, the data acquisition frequency and wireless communication frequency are increased.

[0096] In this embodiment, the behavior recognition model uses the temperature t and acceleration a = (a...) of the target object (such as an animal) collected by the ear tag system. x ,a y ,a z The system takes input as input and outputs six behavioral states, including: Sleep, Rest, Walking, Feeding, Sick, and Estrus. It also automatically adjusts the operating frequency (data acquisition frequency and wireless communication frequency) of the ear tag system based on the different outputs.

[0097] The entire model consists of four modules: a feature extraction module, a feature fusion module, an action recognition classifier (lightweight neural network), and a loss function optimization module. The processing procedure of this model is as follows:

[0098] I. Raw Data Preprocessing

[0099] Construct time series segments and denoise the time series data, for example:

[0100] Temperature time series: T=[t1,t2…t] n ];

[0101] Acceleration timing sequence: A=[a1,a2…a] n ].

[0102]

[0103] Among them, a i Let a represent the resultant acceleration at time i. x ,a y ,a z These represent accelerations along the three axes, respectively.

[0104] II. Feature Extraction

[0105] (1) Extraction of temperature artificial feature Z T1 It has three dimensions, and may include, for example, the mean μ. T Standard deviation σ T Number of outliers d T .

[0106] z T1 =[μ T , σ T d T ]

[0107] Among them, the number of outliers d T =|μ T -T norm |, T norm This indicates a normal body temperature.

[0108] Extract other features Z of the temperature waveform T2 :

[0109] z T2 =f1(T)

[0110] (2) Extracting artificial acceleration features Z A1 It has seven dimensions in total, and for example, it can include the mean value μ of the composite acceleration. A Standard deviation σ A The average acceleration μ in the three axes ax μ ay μ az The standard deviation of acceleration σ in the three axes ax σ ay σ az .

[0111] z A1 =[μ A , σ A μ ax μ ay μ az， σ ax , σ ay , σ az ]

[0112] Extract other features of the acceleration waveform:

[0113] z A2 =f2(A)

[0114] The final extracted feature vector X is:

[0115] X=[ z T1, z T2, z A1, z A2 ] T

[0116] III. Feature Fusion

[0117] Attention-weighted fusion is employed to assign dynamic weights to acceleration features (motion-related) and temperature features (physiological-related), adapting to the feature importance of different behaviors. The motion weight is w. m Physiological weight is w p w p =1-w m .

[0118] Fusion Feature X fusion calculate:

[0119] X fusion =w m ˙X m + w p˙X p

[0120] Among them, X m =[ z A1, z A2 ] T X p =[ z T1, z T2 ] T .

[0121] IV. Lightweight Behavior Recognition Classifier

[0122] We employ a small, fully connected Softmax regression model to avoid complex models, using only addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division to reduce power consumption.

[0123] H=ReLU(W1˙X fusion +b1)

[0124] Z = W2˙X fusion +b2

[0125] P = Softmax(Z)

[0126] Where P represents the output of the model, and P=[P1,…,P6] corresponds to the predicted probabilities of six types of behavior: 1=sleep, 2=rest, 3=walking, 4=eating, 5=illness, and 6=estrus.

[0127] V. Loss Function Optimization

[0128]

[0129] Among them, Y j P represents the actual label data. j This represents the predicted data.

[0130] VI. Low Power Consumption Optimization Strategy

[0131] Based on the behavior status c, the system automatically adjusts the ear tag's working frequency f (data acquisition and transmission).

[0132]

[0133] Among them, f min This indicates a decrease in operating frequency, f norm This indicates that the operating frequency is normal, f max This indicates an increase in operating frequency.

[0134] When the behavior state is the first behavior state (i.e., sleep and stillness), reduce the data acquisition frequency and wireless communication frequency.

[0135] When the behavior state is the second behavior state (i.e., eating and walking), the data acquisition frequency and wireless communication frequency are maintained at normal frequencies.

[0136] When the behavioral state is the third behavioral state (i.e., sickness and estrus), increase the data acquisition frequency and wireless communication frequency.

[0137] According to embodiments of the present invention, any one or more of the modules, sub-modules, units, and sub-units involved in the behavior recognition model, or at least part of the functions of any one or more of them, can be implemented in one module. Any one or more of the modules, sub-modules, units, and sub-units according to embodiments of the present invention can be implemented by splitting them into multiple modules. Any one or more of the modules, sub-modules, units, and sub-units according to embodiments of the present invention can be at least partially implemented as hardware circuits, such as field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), programmable logic arrays (PLAs), systems-on-a-chip, systems-on-a-substrate, systems-on-package, application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs), or implemented by hardware or firmware through any other reasonable means of integrating or packaging circuits, or implemented by any one of software, hardware, and firmware implementations, or by a suitable combination of any of these. Alternatively, one or more of the modules, sub-modules, units, and sub-units according to embodiments of the present invention can be at least partially implemented as computer program modules, which, when run, can perform corresponding functions.

[0138] For example, any number of the feature extraction module, feature fusion module, behavior recognition classifier (lightweight neural network), and loss function optimization module can be combined into one module / unit / subunit, or any one of these modules / units / subunits can be split into multiple modules / units / subunits. Alternatively, at least part of the functionality of one or more of these modules / units / subunits can be combined with at least part of the functionality of other modules / units / subunits and implemented in one module / unit / subunit. According to embodiments of the present invention, at least one of the feature extraction module, feature fusion module, behavior recognition classifier (lightweight neural network), and loss function optimization module can be at least partially implemented as hardware circuitry, such as a field-programmable gate array (FPGA), a programmable logic array (PLA), a system-on-a-chip, a system-on-a-substrate, a system-on-package, an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), or any other reasonable means of integrating or packaging the circuitry, or implemented in software, hardware, or firmware, or in any suitable combination of any of these three implementation methods. Alternatively, at least one of the feature extraction module, feature fusion module, behavior recognition classifier (lightweight neural network), and loss function optimization module can be implemented at least partially as a computer program module that can perform the corresponding function when the computer program module is run.

[0139] The flowcharts and block diagrams in the accompanying drawings illustrate the architecture, functionality, and operation of possible implementations of systems, methods, and computer program products according to various embodiments of the present invention. In this regard, each block in a flowchart or block diagram may represent a module, segment, or portion of code containing one or more executable instructions for implementing a specified logical function. It should also be noted that in some alternative implementations, the functions indicated in the blocks may occur in a different order than those indicated in the drawings. For example, two consecutively indicated blocks may actually be executed substantially in parallel, and they may sometimes be executed in reverse order, depending on the functions involved. It should also be noted that each block in a block diagram or flowchart, and combinations of blocks in a block diagram or flowchart, may be implemented using a dedicated hardware-based system that performs the specified function or operation, or using a combination of dedicated hardware and computer instructions. Those skilled in the art will understand that the features described in the various embodiments of the present invention can be combined and / or combined in various ways, even if such combinations or combinations are not explicitly described in the present invention. In particular, the features described in the various embodiments of the present invention can be combined and / or combined in various ways without departing from the spirit and teachings of the present invention. All such combinations and / or pairings fall within the scope of this invention.

[0140] The embodiments of the present invention have been described above. However, these embodiments are merely illustrative and not intended to limit the scope of the invention. Although various embodiments have been described above, this does not mean that the measures in the various embodiments cannot be used advantageously in combination. Various substitutions and modifications can be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the scope of the invention, and all such substitutions and modifications should fall within the scope of the invention.

Claims

1. A low-power, long-battery-life multi-functional ear tag system, characterized in that, The ear tag system is configured with a sleep mode and a wake-up mode, wherein the ear tag system includes: Simulated sensors are used to collect temperature and acceleration data of the target object; A communication unit is used to transmit the temperature data and the acceleration data; A microcontroller is used to identify the behavioral state of a target object using a behavior recognition model based on the temperature data and the acceleration data, and to adjust the data acquisition frequency of the analog sensor and the wireless communication frequency of the communication unit according to the behavioral state. The intelligent sleep and wake-up management unit includes a timer and an auxiliary circuit. The timer is used to generate a wake-up signal according to a custom time interval to control the ear tag system to switch from the sleep mode to the wake-up mode. The auxiliary circuit is used to force the ear tag system to switch from the sleep mode to the wake-up mode if the timer expires without response. A power supply unit is used to provide power to the ear tag system; When the ear tag system is in the sleep mode, the core of the microcontroller stops running, and the power supply to the analog sensor is cut off.

2. The ear tag system according to claim 1, characterized in that, Also includes: Multi-voltage domain power management unit; The multi-voltage domain power management unit is configured to supply power to the ear tag system through a zoned voltage power supply mechanism, which includes: The first voltage domain is used to provide power to the microcontroller; The second voltage domain is used to provide power to the analog sensor; The third voltage domain is used to provide power to the power supply unit.

3. The ear tag system according to claim 2, characterized in that, Each voltage domain in the multi-voltage domain power management unit is generated by a low-dropout linear regulator or a DC-DC converter, and supports independent enabling and disabling.

4. The ear tag system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The communication unit is built on radio frequency hardware and can run a customizable 2.4GHz proprietary wireless communication protocol stack.

5. The ear tag system according to claim 4, characterized in that, The physical layer of the protocol stack is simplified to use only 1 to 3 fixed working channels for communication and is limited to data transmission at a fixed transmission rate of 1 Mbps.

6. The ear tag system according to claim 5, characterized in that, The general access configuration layer of the protocol stack has removed device discovery, role switching, and ad package extension interaction functions, retaining only the fixed pairing broadcast function based on preset ID.

7. The ear tag system according to claim 6, characterized in that, The data link layer of the protocol stack is optimized to trigger an acknowledgment mechanism only when abnormal data events occur; normal data is sent via unacknowledgment broadcast.

8. The ear tag system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The power unit includes: a battery, a wireless charging receiver, and a wireless charging transmitter; The battery is integrated inside the ear tag system; The wireless charging receiver is integrated inside the ear tag system and includes a charging receiver chip and a wireless charging receiver coil. The wireless charging transmitter is located outside the ear tag system and includes a wireless charging transmitter chip and a wireless charging transmitter coil; Specifically, when the distance between the receiver and the transmitter is less than a preset threshold, the wireless charging transmitter chip can wirelessly charge the battery via the charging receiver chip through the electromagnetic induction principle between the wireless charging transmitter coil and the wireless charging receiver coil.

9. The ear tag system according to claim 8, characterized in that, The transmitter is configured as either a fixed or handheld type; The fixed type is located on the target object's behavior path, while the handheld type is carried by the operator.

10. A control method for a low-power, long-battery-life multifunctional ear tag system, characterized in that, The method includes: Collect temperature and acceleration data of the target object; Based on the temperature data and the acceleration data, the behavioral state of the target object is identified using a behavior recognition model. Adjust the data acquisition frequency and wireless communication frequency according to the described behavior state; In response to the behavior state being the first behavior state, the data acquisition frequency and the wireless communication frequency are reduced; In response to the behavior state being the second behavior state, the data acquisition frequency and the wireless communication frequency are maintained at normal frequencies. In response to the behavior state being the third behavior state, the data acquisition frequency and the wireless communication frequency are increased.

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