Metal working fluid and preparation method thereof

Abstract

The invention discloses a metal working fluid and a preparation method thereof, and belongs to the technical field of metal working fluids. The metal working fluid comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 2-5% of a multifunctional additive, 2-5% of a non-ferrous metal corrosion inhibitor, 0.5-2.5% of a hard water resistant agent, 0.5-2% of a co-emulsifier, 5-10% of an alcohol amine compound, 5-8% of an antirust agent, 15-25% of base oil and 42.5-70% of water, wherein the total mass of the metal working fluid is 100%; the multifunctional additive comprises fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether phosphate. The metal working fluid disclosed by the invention has relatively good extreme pressure antiwear property, lubricating property, anti-rust property, corrosion resistance, defoaming property, emulsifying property and the like.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to a metalworking fluid and its preparation method, belonging to the field of metalworking fluid technology. Background Technology

[0002] Phosphorus-containing additives are already used in industrial production of gear oils, engine oils, and metalworking fluids, and their versatility makes these products widely applicable. Phosphate esters are high-quality additives, among which polyoxyethylene ether phosphate esters are an important branch of phosphate ester additives. Ordinary phosphate esters are highly lipophilic (low HLB value), poorly soluble in water, and require a large amount of emulsifier for stable dispersion. In contrast, polyoxyethylene ether phosphate esters, due to the hydrophilicity of the polyoxyethylene ether chain, have an HLB value that can be flexibly controlled by adjusting the degree of polymerization (n), possessing both hydrophilic and lipophilic properties. They can be directly dissolved in water to form a transparent solution, simplifying formulation design. Due to their unique molecular structure, they have certain surface activity and chemical stability, and have potential application value in the field of metalworking fluids.

[0003] As machinery manufacturing develops towards "precision and high load," metalworking fluid additives need to simultaneously meet the multi-functional requirements of lubrication, extreme pressure anti-wear, rust prevention, and emulsification. For example, precision electronic component processing fluids require "high transparency (to observe tool wear) + strong rust prevention (to avoid component corrosion) + stable emulsification (to prevent oil and water separation)," which traditional single-function additives can no longer meet.

[0004] Current literature reports on polyoxyethylene ether phosphate mainly focus on its synthesis process. There are relatively few reports on multifunctional additives with excellent lubrication, emulsification, rust prevention, cleaning, extreme pressure anti-wear properties, etc., and their performance still needs further optimization and improvement.

[0005] In recent years, some technologies have also introduced methods for synthesizing polyoxyethylene ether phosphates.

[0006] CN101125861A discloses a method for preparing fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether phosphate esters using fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether and polyphosphate as raw materials. However, this method is costly and its effectiveness is unsatisfactory.

[0007] CN114907902A discloses a method for synthesizing a polyoxyethylene ether phosphate composition with high phosphate diester content. This method uses saturated fatty alcohol and phosphorus pentoxide as raw materials, and synthesizes the product through two processes: isothermal reaction and hydrolysis. However, this method results in significant batch-to-batch product variability during industrial production, and the synthesis process is relatively complex.

[0008] Therefore, developing multifunctional polyoxyethylene ether phosphate additives suitable for metalworking fluids, and enabling metalworking fluids to have good extreme pressure anti-wear properties, lubricity, rust prevention, corrosion prevention and emulsification properties, remains one of the urgent problems to be solved in this field. Summary of the Invention

[0009] To address the aforementioned technical problems, the present invention aims to provide a metalworking fluid and its preparation method. The metalworking fluid of the present invention possesses good extreme pressure anti-wear properties, lubricity, rust prevention, corrosion resistance, defoaming properties, and emulsifying properties.

[0010] To achieve the above objectives, the first aspect of the present invention provides a metalworking fluid, which, based on 100% of its total mass, comprises: 2-5% multifunctional additive, 2-5% non-ferrous metal corrosion inhibitor, 0.5-2.5% anti-hard water agent, 0.5-2% co-emulsifier, 5-10% alkanolamine compound, 5-8% rust inhibitor, 15-25% base oil, and 42.5-70% water; wherein the multifunctional additive comprises fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether phosphate.

[0011] According to a specific embodiment of the present invention, preferably, the multifunctional additive is prepared by the following steps: esterification, hydrolysis, and vacuum distillation of fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether and phosphorus pentoxide to obtain the multifunctional additive. More preferably, the multifunctional additive is prepared by the following steps: adding phosphorus pentoxide in batches uniformly to fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether at a temperature below 60 °C, while maintaining the system temperature below 60 °C; after the addition of phosphorus pentoxide is complete, raising the system temperature to 70-90 °C and maintaining the temperature for esterification reaction for 2-5 h; then adding water to the system and maintaining the temperature at 70-90 °C for hydrolysis reaction for 2-5 h; subsequently, subjecting the system to vacuum distillation to obtain the multifunctional additive.

[0012] According to a specific embodiment of the present invention, preferably, in the preparation step of the multifunctional additive, the fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether has the general formula RO(C C O) n H, R is C8~C 18 Straight-chain or branched alkyl groups, where n is an integer from 2 to 5.

[0013] According to a specific embodiment of the present invention, preferably, in the preparation step of the multifunctional additive, the molar ratio of phosphorus pentoxide to fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether is 1:(3~4).

[0014] According to a specific embodiment of the present invention, preferably, in the preparation step of the multifunctional additive, the amount of water added is 1 to 3% of the total mass of the fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether and the phosphorus pentoxide.

[0015] According to a specific embodiment of the present invention, preferably, in the preparation step of the multifunctional additive, the temperature of the vacuum distillation is 60~90 ℃, the pressure is -0.09~-0.095 MPa, and the time is 30~60 min.

[0016] According to a specific embodiment of the present invention, preferably, the multifunctional additive includes fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether phosphate monoester and fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether phosphate dieester, wherein the mass ratio of the fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether phosphate monoester to the fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether phosphate dieester is (35~50):(65~50).

[0017] According to a specific embodiment of the present invention, preferably, the phosphorus content of the multifunctional additive is 3-7% by mass.

[0018] According to a specific embodiment of the present invention, preferably, the phosphoric acid content of the multifunctional additive is ≤0.75% by mass.

[0019] According to a specific embodiment of the present invention, preferably, the acid value of the multifunctional additive is 130~210 mgKOH / g.

[0020] According to a specific embodiment of the present invention, preferably, the color of the multifunctional additive is ≤50 Hazen.

[0021] According to a specific embodiment of the present invention, preferably, the non-ferrous metal corrosion inhibitor includes one or more of benzotriazole and its derivatives and phosphate ester compounds. More preferably, the non-ferrous metal corrosion inhibitor includes one or more of benzotriazole, methylbenzotriazole, triethyl phosphate, and tributyl phosphate.

[0022] According to a specific embodiment of the present invention, preferably, the anti-hard water agent includes aminocarboxylic acid compounds and / or ether carboxylic acid compounds, etc. More preferably, the anti-hard water agent includes one or more of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, alkylphenol polyoxyethylene ether carboxylic acid, and fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether carboxylic acid, etc.

[0023] According to a specific embodiment of the present invention, preferably, the co-emulsifier includes one or more of alcohol ether compounds, alkylbenzene sulfonates, and long-chain unsaturated fatty acids. More preferably, the co-emulsifier includes one or more of ethylene glycol monobutyl ether, sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate, and soybean oil fatty acids.

[0024] According to a specific embodiment of the present invention, preferably, the alkanolamine compound includes one or more of triethanolamine, diethanolamine and monoethanolamine.

[0025] According to a specific embodiment of the present invention, preferably, the rust inhibitor includes one or more of petroleum sulfonates, organic carboxylic acids, and borate esters. More preferably, the rust inhibitor includes one or more of sodium petroleum sulfonate, calcium petroleum sulfonate, barium petroleum sulfonate, isooctanoic acid, isononanoic acid, neodecanoic acid, succinic acid, azelaic acid, sebacic acid, triisooctyl borate, diethanolamine borate, and triethanolamine borate.

[0026] According to a specific embodiment of the present invention, preferably, the base oil includes naphthenic base oil and / or vegetable base oil.

[0027] According to a specific embodiment of the present invention, preferably, the metalworking fluid, under the long grinding test conditions of 40 kgf load and 60 min duration, produces a wear mark width of less than 0.40 mm.

[0028] According to a specific embodiment of the present invention, preferably, the P of the metalworking fluid... B ≥143kg, P D ≥160kg.

[0029] According to a specific embodiment of the present invention, preferably, the metalworking fluid shows no rust in the liquid phase corrosion test.

[0030] According to a specific embodiment of the present invention, preferably, the defoaming property of the metalworking fluid in the foam characteristic test is that the foam height is no more than 2 mL after 10 minutes.

[0031] According to a specific embodiment of the present invention, preferably, the result of the aluminum corrosion test of the metalworking fluid is qualified.

[0032] A second aspect of the present invention provides a method for preparing the above-mentioned metalworking fluid, comprising the following steps: (1) Mix non-ferrous metal corrosion inhibitor, hard water inhibitor, emulsifier, alkanolamine compound, rust inhibitor, base oil and water evenly to obtain a semi-finished processing fluid; (2) Add the multifunctional additive to the semi-finished processing fluid and stir to mix evenly to obtain the metal processing fluid.

[0033] The present invention has at least the following beneficial effects: The multifunctional additive of fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether phosphate of this invention is a pale yellow transparent liquid with good transparency and excellent extreme pressure anti-wear properties, rust prevention, lubrication, emulsification, and corrosion resistance. The molecular structure of this multifunctional additive contains both lipophilic and hydrophilic groups, which can form a protective film on the metal surface, improve the wettability of the metal surface, and ensure uniform mixing of the oil and water phases in the metalworking fluid to form a stable emulsion, thus giving the metalworking fluid good lubricity and emulsification. Furthermore, the protective film formed between phosphorus and the metal surface effectively withstands the load during processing, preventing direct contact between the metal surface and the surface. Under extreme conditions such as high temperature and high pressure, it effectively reduces friction and wear on the metal surface, providing extreme pressure anti-wear properties. Simultaneously, this protective film prevents moisture and oxygen from contacting the metal, thereby preventing rust and extending the rust prevention period of metal parts. The metalworking fluid of this invention, through the synergistic effect of its components, exhibits excellent extreme pressure anti-wear properties, lubricity, rust prevention, corrosion resistance, defoaming properties, and emulsification. Detailed Implementation

[0034] To provide a clearer understanding of the technical features, objectives, and beneficial effects of the present invention, the present invention will now be described in detail below, but this should not be construed as limiting the scope of the invention.

[0035] It should be noted that, unless otherwise specified, all technical and scientific terms used in this invention have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention pertains.

[0036] Unless otherwise specified, all raw materials, reagents, instruments and equipment used in this invention can be purchased from the market or prepared by existing methods.

[0037] It should be understood that the terms “comprising,” “including,” and / or “containing” as used herein specify the presence of the stated features, integers, steps, components, or combinations thereof, but do not exclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, integers, steps, components, or combinations thereof.

[0038] The endpoints and any values ​​of the ranges disclosed in this invention are not limited to the precise ranges or values, and these ranges or values ​​should be understood to include values ​​close to these ranges or values. For numerical ranges, the endpoint values ​​of the various ranges, the endpoint values ​​of the various ranges and individual point values, and individual point values ​​can be combined with each other to obtain one or more new numerical ranges, which should be considered as specifically disclosed in this invention.

[0039] According to a specific embodiment of the first aspect of the present invention, the present invention provides a metalworking fluid, which, based on 100% of the total mass of the metalworking fluid, comprises: 2-5% multifunctional additive, 2-5% non-ferrous metal corrosion inhibitor, 0.5-2.5% anti-hard water agent, 0.5-2% co-emulsifier, 5-10% alkanolamine compound, 5-8% rust inhibitor, 15-25% base oil, and 42.5-70% deionized water; wherein the multifunctional additive comprises fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether phosphate.

[0040] In some embodiments, the multifunctional additive is prepared by the following steps: esterification, hydrolysis, and vacuum distillation of fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether and phosphorus pentoxide to obtain the multifunctional additive. Preferably, the multifunctional additive is prepared by the following steps: phosphorus pentoxide is added in batches and uniformly to fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether at a temperature below 60 °C, while maintaining the system temperature below 60 °C; after the phosphorus pentoxide is added, the system temperature is raised to 70-90 °C and the esterification reaction is carried out at this temperature for 2-5 h; then deionized water is added to the system, and the hydrolysis reaction is carried out at 70-90 °C for 2-5 h; subsequently, the system is subjected to vacuum distillation to obtain the multifunctional additive.

[0041] Specifically, the multifunctional additive is prepared through the following steps: In a jacketed reactor equipped with a stirrer, thermometer, and condenser, fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether is added to maintain the temperature inside the jacketed reactor below 60°C (preferably 30-60°C); then phosphorus pentoxide is added in batches and uniformly, maintaining the system temperature below 60°C (preferably 30-60°C); after the phosphorus pentoxide is added, the system temperature is raised to 70-90°C and maintained for esterification reaction for 2-5 hours; then deionized water is added to the system, and hydrolysis reaction is carried out at 70-90°C for 2-5 hours; subsequently, the system is subjected to vacuum distillation to obtain the multifunctional additive.

[0042] In some embodiments, in the preparation step of the multifunctional additive, the fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether has the general formula RO(C C O) n H, R is C8~C 18 Straight-chain or branched alkyl groups, where n is an integer from 2 to 5.

[0043] In some embodiments, in the preparation step of the multifunctional additive, the molar ratio of phosphorus pentoxide to fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether is 1:(3~4).

[0044] In some embodiments, in the preparation step of the multifunctional additive, the amount of water added is 1 to 3% of the total mass of the fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether and the phosphorus pentoxide.

[0045] In some embodiments, in the preparation step of the multifunctional additive, the vacuum distillation temperature is 60~90 °C, the pressure is -0.09~-0.095 MPa, and the time is 30~60 min.

[0046] The preparation process of the multifunctional additive of this invention is simple, the reaction conditions are mild, no complex equipment is required, and no toxic or harmful gases are generated during the preparation process. The synthesized product has no unpleasant odor, resulting in minimal environmental pollution and promising prospects for industrial application. Furthermore, by controlling the preparation process conditions within the aforementioned range, purification is unnecessary, resulting in a high yield and purity of the obtained fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether phosphate multifunctional additive, with a yield exceeding 99% and a purity exceeding 99%, significantly reducing production costs and facilitating industrial production.

[0047] In some embodiments, the multifunctional additive includes fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether phosphate monoester and fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether phosphate dieester, wherein the mass ratio of the fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether phosphate monoester to the fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether phosphate dieester is (35~50):(65~50).

[0048] The multifunctional additive of fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether phosphate of the present invention is made by using R with C8~C 18 The additive comprises straight-chain or branched alkyl groups, n being 2-5, of fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether, with the mass ratio of monoester to diester controlled at (35-50):(65-50). This results in a multifunctional additive with suitable hydrophilicity and lipophilicity, enabling stable and homogeneous oil-water mixtures. It is suitable for semi-synthetic or emulsified metalworking fluids, providing them with good lubricity and emulsification. Rapid film formation on the metal surface via PO bonds effectively withstands the load during processing, preventing direct contact between metal surfaces. Under extreme conditions such as high temperature and high pressure, it effectively reduces friction and wear on the metal surface, providing extreme pressure anti-wear properties, extending the service life of machinery, and reducing maintenance costs. Simultaneously, this protective film prevents moisture and oxygen from contacting the metal, thus providing rust prevention and extending the rust prevention cycle of metal parts. The multifunctional additive of fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether phosphate of this invention exhibits good extreme pressure anti-wear properties, rust prevention, lubricity, emulsification, and corrosion resistance. Furthermore, the multifunctional additive is a pale yellow transparent liquid with good transparency.

[0049] In some embodiments, the phosphorus content of the multifunctional additive is 3-7% by mass. By controlling the phosphorus content within the above range, the multifunctional additive has a suitable phosphorus content, which is beneficial for the formation of a protective film between phosphorus and the metal surface.

[0050] In some embodiments, the phosphoric acid content of the multifunctional additive is ≤0.75% by mass. The multifunctional additive of the present invention has a very low content of free, unreacted phosphoric acid, which eliminates the need for purification and is beneficial to the stability of the multifunctional additive.

[0051] In some embodiments, the acid value of the multifunctional additive is 130~210 mgKOH / g. The multifunctional additive of the present invention has a high acid value, which is beneficial to improving its extreme pressure anti-wear properties, rust prevention, lubrication, emulsification and corrosion resistance.

[0052] In some embodiments, the chromaticity of the multifunctional additive is ≤50 Hazen. By controlling the chromaticity within this range, good transparency of the multifunctional additive is ensured.

[0053] In some embodiments, the non-ferrous metal corrosion inhibitor includes one or more of benzotriazole and its derivatives, and phosphate ester compounds. Preferably, the non-ferrous metal corrosion inhibitor includes one or more of benzotriazole, methylbenzotriazole, triethyl phosphate, and tributyl phosphate.

[0054] In some embodiments, the anti-hard water agent includes aminocarboxylic acid compounds and / or ether carboxylic acid compounds. Preferably, the anti-hard water agent includes one or more of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), alkylphenol polyoxyethylene ether carboxylic acid, and fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether carboxylic acid. The alkylphenol polyoxyethylene ether carboxylic acid includes, for example, nonylphenol polyoxyethylene ether carboxylic acid; the fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether carboxylic acid includes, for example, polyoxyethylene lauryl ether carboxylic acid.

[0055] In some embodiments, the co-emulsifier includes one or more of alcohol ether compounds, alkylbenzene sulfonates, and long-chain unsaturated fatty acids; preferably, the co-emulsifier includes alcohol ether compounds. Specifically, the co-emulsifier includes one or more of ethylene glycol monobutyl ether, sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate, and soybean oil fatty acids.

[0056] In some embodiments, the alkanolamine compound includes one or more of triethanolamine, diethanolamine, and monoethanolamine.

[0057] In some embodiments, the rust inhibitor includes one or more of petroleum sulfonates, organic carboxylic acids, and borate esters. Preferably, the rust inhibitor includes one or more of sodium petroleum sulfonate, calcium petroleum sulfonate, barium petroleum sulfonate, isooctanoic acid, isononanoic acid, neodecanoic acid, succinic acid, azelaic acid, sebacic acid, triisooctyl borate, diethanolamine borate, and triethanolamine borate.

[0058] In some embodiments, the base oil includes naphthenic base oil and / or vegetable base oil.

[0059] In some embodiments, the metalworking fluid comprises, by weight, 100% of the total mass: 3-4% multifunctional additive, 3-4% non-ferrous metal corrosion inhibitor, 1.5-2.5% anti-hard water agent, 1-2% co-emulsifier, 6-7% alkanolamine compound, 6-7% rust inhibitor, 15-20% base oil, and the balance being deionized water.

[0060] In some embodiments, the metalworking fluid, under long-term grinding test conditions of 40 kgf load and 60 min duration, produces a wear mark width of less than 0.40 mm.

[0061] In some embodiments, the P of the metalworking fluid B ≥143kg, P D ≥160kg.

[0062] In some embodiments, the metalworking fluid shows no rust in a liquid phase corrosion test.

[0063] In some embodiments, the defoaming property of the metalworking fluid in the foaming characteristic test is that the foam height is no more than 2 mL after 10 minutes.

[0064] In some embodiments, the results of the aluminum corrosion test of the metalworking fluid are satisfactory.

[0065] This invention utilizes the synergistic effect of fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether phosphate multifunctional additives and other components to give the metalworking fluid of this invention good extreme pressure anti-wear properties, lubricity, rust prevention, corrosion prevention, defoaming and emulsifying properties.

[0066] A second aspect of the present invention provides a method for preparing the above-mentioned metalworking fluid, comprising the following steps: (1) Mix non-ferrous metal corrosion inhibitor, hard water inhibitor, emulsifier, alkanolamine compound, rust inhibitor, base oil and water evenly to obtain a semi-finished processing fluid; (2) Add the multifunctional additive to the semi-finished processing fluid and stir to mix evenly to obtain the metal processing fluid.

[0067] The temperature and time for stirring and mixing in steps (1) and (2) can be adjusted by those skilled in the art, and the present invention does not impose any special restrictions on them. For example, the temperature for stirring and mixing can be 60~70℃.

[0068] The technical solutions of the present invention are specifically illustrated below through embodiments, but the present invention is not limited to these embodiments. Of course, various modifications can be made within the scope of the key points of the present invention.

[0069] Example 1

[0070] In a jacketed reactor equipped with a stirrer, thermometer, and condenser, 3 moles of EO with a chain length (n) of 3 C are added. 12 Linear fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether was used, with the temperature inside the jacketed reactor kept below 60 °C. Then, 1 mole of phosphorus pentoxide was added in batches, maintaining the system temperature below 60 °C. After the phosphorus pentoxide was added, the system temperature was raised to 70 °C and the esterification reaction was carried out for 4 hours. Next, deionized water was added to the system at 3% of the total mass of the fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether and phosphorus pentoxide, and the hydrolysis reaction was carried out at 70 °C for 3 hours. Subsequently, the system was subjected to vacuum distillation at 85 °C, -0.095 MPa, and for 60 minutes to obtain a multifunctional additive, fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether phosphate, which is a pale yellow transparent liquid. The yield was 99% by gravimetric analysis, and the purity of the target product (i.e., fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether phosphate) was 99% by gas chromatography.

[0071] Based on the total mass of the metalworking fluid as 100%, 3.2% of non-ferrous metal corrosion inhibitor (benzotriazole), 1.8% of hard water agent (EDTA), 1.2% of co-emulsifier (ethylene glycol monobutyl ether), 6.5% of alkanolamine compound (triethanolamine), 6.5% of rust inhibitor (triisooctyl borate), 18% of base oil (60DN), and 59.8% of deionized water were stirred and mixed evenly at 60 °C to obtain a semi-finished metalworking fluid. 3% of the multifunctional additive prepared in this embodiment was added to the semi-finished metalworking fluid, and the mixture was stirred and mixed evenly at 60 °C to obtain the metalworking fluid.

[0072] Example 2

[0073] The C with an EO chain length of 3 in Example 1 12 Replacing linear fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether with an equimolar amount of EO chain length 5 C 12 A linear fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether was prepared, with the remainder identical to that in Example 1, to obtain a multifunctional additive, fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether phosphate, which is a pale yellow transparent liquid. The product yield was determined to be 99% by gravimetric analysis, and the purity of the target product (i.e., fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether phosphate) was found to be 99% by gas chromatography analysis.

[0074] Based on the total mass of the metalworking fluid as 100%, 3.2% of non-ferrous metal corrosion inhibitor (benzotriazole), 1.8% of hard water agent (EDTA), 1.2% of co-emulsifier (ethylene glycol monobutyl ether), 6.5% of alkanolamine compound (triethanolamine), 6.5% of rust inhibitor (triisooctyl borate), 18% of base oil (60DN), and 59.8% of deionized water were stirred and mixed evenly at 60 °C to obtain a semi-finished metalworking fluid. 3% of the multifunctional additive prepared in this embodiment was added to the semi-finished metalworking fluid, and the mixture was stirred and mixed evenly at 60 °C to obtain the metalworking fluid.

[0075] Example 3

[0076] C in Example 1 12 Replace linear fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether with an equimolar amount of C 14 A linear fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether was prepared, with the remainder identical to that in Example 1, to obtain a multifunctional additive, fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether phosphate, which is a pale yellow transparent liquid. The product yield was determined to be 99% by gravimetric analysis, and the purity of the target product (i.e., fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether phosphate) was found to be 99% by gas chromatography analysis.

[0077] Based on the total mass of the metalworking fluid as 100%, 3.2% of non-ferrous metal corrosion inhibitor (benzotriazole), 1.8% of hard water agent (EDTA), 1.2% of co-emulsifier (ethylene glycol monobutyl ether), 6.5% of alkanolamine compound (triethanolamine), 6.5% of rust inhibitor (triisooctyl borate), 18% of base oil (60DN), and 59.8% of deionized water were stirred and mixed evenly at 60 °C to obtain a semi-finished metalworking fluid. 3% of the multifunctional additive prepared in this embodiment was added to the semi-finished metalworking fluid, and the mixture was stirred and mixed evenly at 60 °C to obtain the metalworking fluid.

[0078] Example 4

[0079] C in Example 1 12 Replace linear fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether with an equimolar amount of C 18 A linear fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether was prepared, with the remainder identical to that in Example 1, to obtain a multifunctional additive, fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether phosphate, which is a pale yellow transparent liquid. The product yield was 98% by gravimetric analysis, and the purity of the target product (i.e., fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether phosphate) was 99% by gas chromatography analysis.

[0080] Based on the total mass of the metalworking fluid as 100%, 3.2% of non-ferrous metal corrosion inhibitor (benzotriazole), 1.8% of hard water agent (EDTA), 1.2% of co-emulsifier (ethylene glycol monobutyl ether), 6.5% of alkanolamine compound (triethanolamine), 6.5% of rust inhibitor (triisooctyl borate), 18% of base oil (60DN), and 59.8% of deionized water were stirred and mixed evenly at 60 °C to obtain a semi-finished metalworking fluid. 3% of the multifunctional additive prepared in this embodiment was added to the semi-finished metalworking fluid, and the mixture was stirred and mixed evenly at 60 °C to obtain the metalworking fluid.

[0081] Comparative Example 1

[0082] C in Example 1 12 The linear fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether was replaced with an equimolar amount of dodecyl alcohol, and the rest remained the same as in Example 1, to obtain a multifunctional additive of dodecyl alcohol phosphate.

[0083] The multifunctional additive in the metalworking fluid of Example 1 was replaced with the dodecyl phosphate multifunctional additive of this comparative example.

[0084] Comparative Example 2

[0085] The C with an EO chain length of 3 in Example 1 12 Replacing linear fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether with an equimolar amount of EO chain length 9 C 12 A linear fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether, otherwise the same as in Example 1, was used to obtain a multifunctional additive of fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether phosphate.

[0086] The multifunctional additive in the metalworking fluid of Example 1 was replaced with the fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether phosphate multifunctional additive of this comparative example.

[0087] Comparative Example 3

[0088] The multifunctional additive in the metalworking fluid of Example 1 is omitted, and the rest remains the same as in Example 1.

[0089] Comparative Example 4

[0090] The triethanolamine in the metalworking fluid of Example 1 is omitted, and the rest remains the same as in Example 1.

[0091] Test Example 1

[0092] The mono- and diester and phosphate contents of the multifunctional additives prepared in Examples 1, 2, 3, 4 and Comparative Examples 1 and 2 were tested according to QB T 2949-2008.

[0093] The acid value of the multifunctional additives prepared in Examples 1, 2, 3, 4 and Comparative Examples 1 and 2 was tested according to GB / T 7304-2014.

[0094] The phosphorus content of the multifunctional additives prepared in Examples 1, 2, 3, 4 and Comparative Examples 1 and 2 was tested according to GB / T 17476.

[0095] The colorimetric properties of the multifunctional additives prepared in Examples 1, 2, 3, 4 and Comparative Examples 1 and 2 were tested according to GB / T 3143-82.

[0096] The test results are shown in Table 1.

[0097] Table 1

[0098] Test Example 2

[0099] The performance of the metalworking fluids in the examples and comparative examples was tested according to the following test methods.

[0100] Appearance: GB / T 6144.

[0101] Extreme pressure wear resistance test method: GB / T 3142.

[0102] Lubricity test method: GB / T 3142, load 40 kgf, duration 60 min.

[0103] Rust resistance test method: SH / T0365.

[0104] Defoaming property test method: SH / T0365.

[0105] Emulsion stability test method: SH / T0365.

[0106] Aluminum corrosion test method: SH / T 0219-1992.

[0107] pH value test method: GB / T 6144.

[0108] The test results are shown in Table 2.

[0109] Table 2

[0110] As can be seen from the comparison results of Examples 1 and 2, and Comparative Example 2, under the same aliphatic chain conditions, the phosphate ester synthesized using polyoxyethylene ether with a shorter EO chain exhibits better extreme pressure anti-wear properties and lubrication performance. Examples 1 and 3, 4 show that the phosphate ester synthesized using high-aliphatic chain polyoxyethylene ether has better extreme pressure anti-wear properties. Comparison of Comparative Example 1 and Example 1 indicates that the phosphate ester using a polyether-type structure has relatively superior lubricity, extreme pressure anti-wear properties, and rust prevention. Comparison of Comparative Examples 3, 4 and Example 1 shows that fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether phosphate ester has a synergistic effect with benzotriazole (BTA) and triethanolamine (TEA), giving the metalworking fluid better extreme pressure anti-wear properties, lubricity, rust prevention, emulsification, defoaming, and corrosion prevention. However, Comparative Example 3, lacking the multifunctional additive, lacks the synergistic effect between fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether phosphate ester and benzotriazole (BTA), resulting in white spot corrosion of the metal. Comparative Example 4 did not add triethanolamine (TEA). The lack of TEA to neutralize the acidity made the pH value of the system unstable, which easily led to metal corrosion.

[0111] The specific embodiments described above further illustrate the purpose, technical solution, and beneficial effects of the present invention. It should be understood that the above descriptions are merely specific embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A metalworking fluid, comprising, based on 100% of the total mass of the metalworking fluid: The composition includes 2-5% multifunctional additive, 2-5% non-ferrous metal corrosion inhibitor, 0.5-2.5% anti-hard water agent, 0.5-2% co-emulsifier, 5-10% alkanolamine compound, 5-8% rust inhibitor, 15-25% base oil, and 42.5-70% water; wherein the multifunctional additive includes fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether phosphate.

2. The metalworking fluid according to claim 1, wherein, The multifunctional additive is prepared by the following steps: esterification, hydrolysis and vacuum distillation of fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether and phosphorus pentoxide to obtain the multifunctional additive.

3. The metalworking fluid according to claim 1 or 2, wherein, The multifunctional additive is prepared by the following steps: phosphorus pentoxide is added in batches and uniformly to fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether at a temperature below 60 °C, while maintaining the system temperature below 60 °C; after the phosphorus pentoxide is added, the system temperature is raised to 70-90 °C and kept at this temperature for esterification reaction for 2-5 h; then water is added to the system, and hydrolysis reaction is carried out at 70-90 °C for 2-5 h; subsequently, the system is subjected to vacuum distillation to obtain the multifunctional additive.

4. The metalworking fluid according to claim 2, wherein, In the preparation step of the multifunctional additive, the general formula of the fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether is RO(C C O) n H, R is C8~C 18 Straight-chain or branched alkyl groups, where n is an integer from 2 to 5.

5. The metalworking fluid according to claim 3, wherein, In the preparation step of the multifunctional additive, the molar ratio of phosphorus pentoxide to fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether is 1:(3~4). And / or, in the preparation step of the multifunctional additive, the amount of water added is 1-3% of the total mass of the fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether and the phosphorus pentoxide; And / or, in the preparation step of the multifunctional additive, the vacuum distillation temperature is 60~90 ℃, the pressure is -0.09~-0.095 MPa, and the time is 30~60 min.

6. The metalworking fluid according to claim 1, wherein, The multifunctional additive includes fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether phosphate monoester and fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether phosphate dieester, wherein the mass ratio of fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether phosphate monoester to fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether phosphate dieester is (35~50):(65~50).

7. The metalworking fluid according to claim 1, wherein, The phosphorus content of the multifunctional additive is 3-7% by mass. And / or, the phosphoric acid content of the multifunctional additive is ≤0.75% by mass; And / or, the acid value of the multifunctional additive is 130~210 mgKOH / g; And / or, the color intensity of the multifunctional additive is ≤50 Hazen.

8. The metalworking fluid according to claim 1, wherein, The non-ferrous metal corrosion inhibitor includes one or more of benzotriazole and its derivatives and phosphate ester compounds; And / or, the non-ferrous metal corrosion inhibitor includes one or more of benzotriazole, methylbenzotriazole, triethyl phosphate and tributyl phosphate; And / or, the anti-hard water agent includes aminocarboxylic acid compounds and / or ether carboxylic acid compounds; And / or, the anti-hard water agent includes one or more of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, alkylphenol polyoxyethylene ether carboxylic acid, and fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether carboxylic acid; And / or, the co-emulsifier includes one or more of alcohol ether compounds, alkylbenzene sulfonates and long-chain unsaturated fatty acids; And / or, the co-emulsifier includes one or more of ethylene glycol monobutyl ether, sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate, and soybean oil fatty acids; And / or, the alkanolamine compounds include one or more of triethanolamine, diethanolamine and monoethanolamine; And / or, the rust inhibitor includes one or more of petroleum sulfonates, organic carboxylic acids, and borate esters; And / or, the rust inhibitor comprises one or more of sodium petroleum sulfonate, calcium petroleum sulfonate, barium petroleum sulfonate, isooctanoic acid, isononanoic acid, neodecanoic acid, succinic acid, azelaic acid, sebacic acid, triisooctyl borate, diethanolamine borate, and triethanolamine borate. And / or, the base oil includes naphthenic base oil and / or vegetable base oil.

9. The metalworking fluid according to claim 1, wherein, Under the long-term grinding test conditions of 40 kgf load and 60 min duration, the width of the wear mark on the sample of the metalworking fluid is less than 0.40 mm. And / or, the P of the metalworking fluid B ≥143kg, P D ≥160kg; And / or, the metalworking fluid shows no rust in the liquid phase corrosion test; And / or, the defoaming property of the metalworking fluid in the foaming characteristic test is that the foam height is no more than 2 mL after 10 min; And / or, the results of the aluminum corrosion test of the metalworking fluid are qualified.

10. A method for preparing a metalworking fluid according to any one of claims 1-9, comprising the following steps: (1) Mix non-ferrous metal corrosion inhibitor, hard water inhibitor, emulsifier, alkanolamine compound, rust inhibitor, base oil and water evenly to obtain a semi-finished processing fluid; (2) Add the multifunctional additive to the semi-finished processing fluid and stir to mix evenly to obtain the metal processing fluid.

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