Comprehensive energy station energy storage cluster time sequence segmentation and energy storage unit grouping control device and method

Abstract

The invention provides an integrated energy station energy storage cluster time sequence segmentation and energy storage unit grouping control device and method, belongs to the technical field of electrochemical energy storage control, and solves the technical problem that in the prior art, an integrated energy station energy storage system lacks time sequence scheduling when running in different time periods, and consequently the overall running economical efficiency of an energy storage cluster is poor. The device comprises a data acquisition unit used for acquiring data of a station-level energy management system; the time sequence segmentation unit is used for dividing three continuous control periods; the strategy distribution unit is used for distributing and executing an energy storage control strategy for the control period and generating an energy storage control instruction; a grouping unit including a charging mode group, a standby mode group, and a discharging mode group; and the instruction execution unit is used for realizing charging, discharging and standby operation of the energy storage unit by executing the energy storage control instruction. The method is applied to application occasions such as an integrated energy station in an industrial park and a user side energy storage power station with a time-of-use electricity price mechanism.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of electrochemical energy storage control technology, specifically the field of time-series segmentation and dynamic grouping control technology for integrated energy station electrochemical energy storage clusters. Background Technology

[0002] Integrated energy stations are typically equipped with electrochemical energy storage systems to store surplus energy, mitigate fluctuations in renewable energy output, and ensure supply-demand balance. As integrated energy stations expand, they often incorporate multiple energy storage units, gradually forming energy storage clusters. However, existing energy storage control methods mostly operate on a single energy storage unit or partial access unit basis, resulting in relatively crude control strategies. This makes it difficult to achieve time-series segmented scheduling and dynamic grouped collaborative management of the energy storage system, failing to fully leverage the overall advantages of energy storage clusters in load regulation, peak-valley arbitrage, and renewable energy consumption, and hindering the achievement of optimal economic operation for energy storage clusters. Summary of the Invention

[0003] In view of this, the present invention aims to propose a time-series segmentation and energy storage unit grouping control device and method for integrated energy station energy storage clusters, in order to solve the technical problem in the prior art that the integrated energy station energy storage clusters lack overall coordinated time-series scheduling planning and fine scheduling under different time periods, resulting in poor overall operational economy.

[0004] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution: This invention proposes a time-series segmentation and energy storage unit grouping control device for integrated energy station energy storage clusters, the device comprising: The data acquisition unit is used to collect data from the station-level energy management system. The collected data includes: time-of-use electricity price, real-time SoC, real-time SOH, rated capacity and maximum charge / discharge power of the energy storage battery pack, as well as energy storage charge / discharge plan, real-time predicted photovoltaic power generation and real-time predicted load power consumption. The time-series segmentation unit is used to divide three consecutive control cycles, including a first control cycle, a second control cycle, and a third control cycle; the segmentation method is to trim the control cycle and the time-of-use pricing period within the control cycle; the time-of-use pricing period includes valley period, normal period, and peak period; The strategy allocation unit is used to allocate and execute energy storage control strategies for the control cycle and generate energy storage control commands; the energy storage control strategies include steady-state charging mode, high-power discharge mode, high-power charging mode, economic regulation mode and transient charging mode. The grouping unit dynamically divides the energy storage units into groups based on the cycle rate and capacity ratio of the energy storage units. The groups include charging mode group, standby mode group and discharging mode group. The instruction execution unit is used to send the energy storage control instruction to the energy storage unit, and each energy storage unit executes the energy storage control instruction to realize the charging, discharging and standby operations of the energy storage unit.

[0005] Furthermore, in the three consecutive control cycles, The time-of-use pricing periods for the first control cycle include, in sequence, the first off-peak period, the first normal period, and the first peak period. The time-of-use pricing periods of the second control cycle include the second valley period, the second normal period, and the second peak period, in sequence. The time-of-use pricing periods of the third control cycle include the third valley period, the third normal period, and the third peak period, in sequence.

[0006] Furthermore, the strategy allocation unit allocates the energy storage control strategy for the first control cycle as follows: A steady-state recharge mode will be allocated for the first valley period; This marks the first time a normal period has been allocated an economic adjustment model. The system simultaneously allocates high-power discharge mode and transient charging / storage mode for the first peak period.

[0007] Furthermore, the strategy allocation unit allocates the energy storage control strategy for the second control cycle as follows: Allocate a high-power charging mode for the second off-peak period; The economic adjustment model will be allocated for the second normal period; The second peak period is allocated with high-power discharge mode and transient charging mode.

[0008] Furthermore, the strategy allocation unit allocates the energy storage control strategy for the third control cycle as follows: Assign an economic adjustment model to the third trough period; The economic adjustment model will be allocated for the third normal period. A high-power discharge mode is allocated for the third peak period.

[0009] Furthermore, in the grouping unit, The charging mode group is selected by sorting the energy storage units from high to low cycle rate, and the total capacity ratio of the selected energy storage units is 25-35%. The discharge mode group is selected by sorting the energy storage units from low to high according to their cycle rate, and the total capacity ratio of the selected energy storage units is 25-35%. The standby mode group is: energy storage units that have not been sorted or selected.

[0010] Furthermore, in the grouping unit, The cycle rate of the energy storage unit is as follows: , in, This represents the maximum discharge capacity of energy storage unit i. The total charge of the energy storage unit; The capacity ratio of the energy storage unit is: , in, The sum of the available capacities of all energy storage units represents the total capacity of the energy storage cluster. This represents the available capacity of the energy storage unit.

[0011] Furthermore, in the energy storage control strategy, The steady-state charging and storage mode achieves charging of the energy storage units by calculating the charging power of each energy storage unit during each time-of-use electricity price period; The high-power charging mode calculates the maximum charging power of the energy storage unit and enables the energy storage unit to be charged at the currently allowed maximum charging power. The high-power discharge mode calculates the maximum discharge power of the energy storage unit and enables the energy storage unit to discharge at the currently allowed maximum discharge power. The transient charging and storage mode calculates the net load gap of the energy storage unit and charges and discharges the energy storage unit according to the charging mode group, standby mode group, and discharging mode group; when the net load gap is negative, the energy storage unit is charged, and when the net load gap is positive, the energy storage unit is discharged. The economic regulation mode calculates the net load gap of the energy storage unit and adjusts the charging and discharging of the energy storage unit according to changes in power supply and demand.

[0012] Furthermore, in the instruction execution unit, at the current moment of operation of the energy storage unit on a natural day, when the energy storage control strategy is transient charging and storage mode, the energy storage control instruction is modified based on the real-time operating data of the energy storage unit.

[0013] This invention also proposes a method for time-series segmentation and energy storage unit grouping control of an integrated energy station energy storage cluster, characterized in that the method is implemented based on the time-series segmentation and energy storage unit grouping control device of the integrated energy station energy storage cluster, and the method includes: S1. Collect data from the station-level energy management system; S2. Based on the time-of-use electricity price data in the collected data, divide the control period; S3. Assign energy storage control strategies to the control cycle; S4. Based on the cycle rate and capacity ratio of each energy storage unit, the energy storage units are divided into charging mode group, standby mode group and discharging mode group; S5. Execute the energy storage control strategy and generate energy storage control commands; S6. Each energy storage unit performs charging, discharging, or standby operations according to the corresponding control commands.

[0014] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are: The integrated energy station energy storage cluster time-series segmentation and energy storage unit grouping control device described in this invention precisely defines and implements energy storage control strategies based on the time-of-use electricity price characteristics. By dividing a day into three cycles, and further subdividing each cycle into valley (including deep valley), flat, and peak (including peak) periods, the energy storage control strategy is closely linked to the time-of-use electricity price periods, enabling efficient operation of the energy storage system during different electricity price phases.

[0015] Based on the integrated energy station's energy storage cluster time-series segmentation and energy storage unit grouping control device, an energy storage control model was established that segments the time sequence according to the peak, valley, and normal periods of time-of-use electricity price and the electricity price cycle. Corresponding energy storage control strategies were configured for different time-of-use electricity price periods to match the operation mode of the energy storage system with the time-of-use electricity price periods, thereby improving energy utilization and peak-valley regulation capabilities. Based on the cycle rate and capacity ratio of energy storage units, a dynamic grouping and balanced cycle usage mechanism was established. It can dynamically divide the energy storage units into charging mode groups, standby mode groups and discharging mode groups on a daily basis according to the cycle rate and capacity ratio of energy storage units, realize the rotation operation of each energy storage unit, extend the overall life of the energy storage system, improve operational safety and rapid response to power demand. A strategy system has been constructed that includes five types of energy storage control modes: steady-state charging and storage mode, high-power discharge mode, high-power charging mode, economic regulation mode, and transient charging and storage mode. This system can flexibly match different operating conditions of integrated energy stations and achieve unified and coordinated control of heterogeneous energy storage units. The strategy execution mechanism of time-series segmentation and energy storage unit grouping enables the strategy allocation unit to generate corresponding power control commands based on the control strategy of the current electricity price period and the energy storage grouping results, realizing multi-period control of the energy storage cluster. The control algorithm is simple, has high computational efficiency, and is suitable for resource-limited scenarios.

[0016] This invention discloses a time-series segmented and energy storage unit grouping control method for integrated energy station energy storage clusters. Based on the aforementioned time-series segmented and energy storage unit grouping control device for integrated energy station energy storage clusters, it can combine real-time electricity prices, photovoltaic power generation, and load status to update power control commands at set time intervals, achieving dynamic optimization and correction, and further enhancing the system's adaptability and stability to changes in operating status. It realizes coordinated and optimized control of the integrated energy station energy storage cluster under different electricity price periods, improving the energy utilization rate, operational flexibility, and overall economic benefits of the energy storage system.

[0017] This invention is applicable to various scenarios, including integrated energy stations in industrial parks, integrated energy stations on urban power distribution networks, integrated energy source-grid-load-storage demonstration projects, new energy consumption-type energy stations, and user-side energy storage power stations with time-of-use pricing mechanisms. Integrated energy stations are a new type of energy supply infrastructure that integrates multiple energy production, conversion, storage, and consumption processes, serving as a key vehicle for promoting energy transition and achieving "dual-carbon" goals. In the aforementioned application scenarios, integrated energy stations typically connect to fluctuating new energy sources such as photovoltaics and loads that vary across different time periods. The energy storage systems are large-scale, with numerous units and significantly different operating states. The time-series segmentation and energy storage unit grouping control device for integrated energy station energy storage clusters proposed in this invention enables refined time-of-use scheduling and grouped collaborative control of energy storage units under varying conditions of time-of-use pricing and photovoltaic output. This improves the overall charging and discharging efficiency of the energy storage system, slows down the degradation of individual energy storage units, reduces operating costs, and thus enhances the economy, safety, and new energy consumption capacity of integrated energy stations. Attached Figure Description

[0018] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on the provided drawings without creative effort.

[0019] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the three consecutive control cycles described in this invention.

[0020] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the charging mode group, standby mode group, and discharging mode group in the grouping unit of the present invention.

[0021] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the integrated energy station energy storage cluster described in this invention.

[0022] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the time-series segmentation unit described in this invention, which divides a natural day into three consecutive control cycles based on time-of-use electricity pricing periods.

[0023] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the control process of the integrated energy station energy storage cluster time-series segmentation and energy storage unit grouping control method described in this invention. Detailed Implementation

[0024] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0025] Specific implementation method one, the integrated energy station energy storage cluster time-series segmentation and energy storage unit grouping control device described in this embodiment, the device includes: The data acquisition unit is used to collect data from the station-level energy management system. The collected data includes: time-of-use electricity price, real-time SoC, real-time SOH, rated capacity and maximum charge / discharge power of the energy storage battery pack, as well as energy storage charge / discharge plan, real-time predicted photovoltaic power generation and real-time predicted load power consumption. The time-series segmentation unit is used to divide three consecutive control cycles, including a first control cycle, a second control cycle, and a third control cycle; the segmentation method is to trim the control cycle and the time-of-use pricing period within the control cycle; the time-of-use pricing period includes valley period, normal period, and peak period; The strategy allocation unit is used to allocate and execute energy storage control strategies for the control cycle and generate energy storage control commands; the energy storage control strategies include steady-state charging mode, high-power discharge mode, high-power charging mode, economic regulation mode and transient charging mode. The grouping unit dynamically divides the energy storage units into groups based on the cycle rate and capacity ratio of the energy storage units. The groups include charging mode group, standby mode group and discharging mode group. The instruction execution unit is used to send the energy storage control instruction to the energy storage unit, and each energy storage unit executes the energy storage control instruction to realize the charging, discharging and standby operations of the energy storage unit.

[0026] Furthermore, such as Figure 1 As shown, in the three consecutive control cycles, The time-of-use pricing periods for the first control cycle include, in sequence, the first off-peak period, the first normal period, and the first peak period. The time-of-use pricing periods of the second control cycle include the second valley period, the second normal period, and the second peak period, in sequence. The time-of-use pricing periods of the third control cycle include the third valley period, the third normal period, and the third peak period, in sequence.

[0027] Furthermore, the strategy allocation unit allocates the energy storage control strategy for the first control cycle as follows: A steady-state recharge mode will be allocated for the first valley period; This marks the first time a normal period has been allocated an economic adjustment model. The system simultaneously allocates high-power discharge mode and transient charging / storage mode for the first peak period.

[0028] Furthermore, the strategy allocation unit allocates the energy storage control strategy for the second control cycle as follows: Allocate a high-power charging mode for the second off-peak period; The economic adjustment model will be allocated for the second normal period; The second peak period is allocated with high-power discharge mode and transient charging mode.

[0029] Furthermore, the strategy allocation unit allocates the energy storage control strategy for the third control cycle as follows: Assign an economic adjustment model to the third trough period; The economic adjustment model will be allocated for the third normal period. A high-power discharge mode is allocated for the third peak period.

[0030] Furthermore, in the grouping unit, such as Figure 2 As shown, The charging mode group is selected by sorting the energy storage units from high to low cycle rate, and the total capacity ratio of the selected energy storage units is 25-35%. The discharge mode group is selected by sorting the energy storage units from low to high according to their cycle rate, and the total capacity ratio of the selected energy storage units is 25-35%. The standby mode group is: energy storage units that have not been sorted or selected.

[0031] Furthermore, in the grouping unit, The cycle rate of the energy storage unit is as follows: , in, This represents the maximum discharge capacity of energy storage unit i. The total charge of the energy storage unit; The capacity ratio of the energy storage unit is: , in, The sum of the available capacities of all energy storage units represents the total capacity of the energy storage cluster. This represents the available capacity of the energy storage unit.

[0032] Furthermore, in the energy storage control strategy, The steady-state charging and storage mode achieves charging of the energy storage units by calculating the charging power of each energy storage unit during each time-of-use electricity price period; The high-power charging mode calculates the maximum charging power of the energy storage unit and enables the energy storage unit to be charged at the currently allowed maximum charging power. The high-power discharge mode calculates the maximum charging power of the energy storage unit and enables the energy storage unit to discharge at the currently allowed maximum discharge power. The transient charging and storage mode calculates the net load gap of the energy storage unit and charges and discharges the energy storage unit according to the charging mode group, standby mode group, and discharging mode group; when the net load gap is negative, the energy storage unit is charged, and when the net load gap is positive, the energy storage unit is discharged. The economic regulation mode calculates the net load gap of the energy storage unit and adjusts the charging and discharging of the energy storage unit according to changes in power supply and demand.

[0033] In this embodiment, such as Figure 3 As shown, The integrated energy station's energy storage cluster consists of one or more heterogeneous energy storage systems, and at least three logical battery packs can be identified within the cluster. For energy storage systems supporting battery pack-level control, their internal battery packs can participate in scheduling as independent units; for closed-loop energy storage systems, the entire system is considered as a single logical battery pack. The station-level energy management system can issue charging and discharging power commands to each logical battery pack separately, while underlying controls such as battery monitoring, safety protection, and power limiting are still handled by the battery management system (BMS) or local controller within each energy storage system. Here, a logical battery pack is defined as an energy storage unit.

[0034] The integrated energy station energy storage cluster time-series segmentation and energy storage unit grouping control device (hereinafter referred to as "this device") described in this invention is built on the energy storage cluster and is an extension of the integrated energy station energy management system (hereinafter referred to as "station-level energy management system"). It performs power control of the energy storage units according to the time-series segmentation and energy storage unit grouping control method. The data acquisition unit and command execution unit are connected through the interface of the integrated energy station energy management system. The integrated energy station energy management system is a software platform integrating data acquisition, real-time monitoring, intelligent analysis, collaborative control, and optimized scheduling. Its core objective is to achieve the safety, economy, efficiency, and low carbon emissions of energy supply and use through unified management and coordinated optimization of various energy forms throughout the entire process of production, storage, conversion, and consumption within the station. The system implements differentiated control strategies specifically for the energy storage system and its cluster, improving overall energy utilization efficiency and system operational flexibility through collaborative scheduling of the energy storage converter (PCS) and battery management system (BMS).

[0035] Within the energy storage unit, the following are defined: Energy Storage Unit SoC, Energy Storage Unit Rated Capacity, Energy Storage Unit Capacity, Energy Storage Unit Maximum Charging Power, Energy Storage Unit Maximum Discharging Power, Energy Storage Unit Charging Power, Energy Storage Unit Discharging Power, and Energy Storage Unit Theoretical Maximum Discharge Capacity.

[0036] Maximum charging power of energy storage unit:

[0037] in, The local maximum charging power of the j-th battery pack refers to the maximum charging power of the unit under standard operating conditions as specified by the manufacturer, and m refers to the number of battery packs in the energy storage unit.

[0038] Maximum discharge power of energy storage unit:

[0039] in, The local maximum discharge power of the j-th battery pack refers to the maximum discharge power of the unit as specified by the manufacturer under standard operating conditions.

[0040] Rated capacity of energy storage unit: refers to the sum of the rated capacities of all battery packs in the unit as specified by the manufacturer under standard operating conditions, in kWh;

[0041] in, Let be the local rated capacity of the j-th battery pack.

[0042] Energy storage unit capacity: refers to the sum of the SoH of each battery pack in the energy storage unit multiplied by its rated capacity.

[0043]

[0044] in, The local SoH of the j-th battery pack (provided by its battery management system BMS).

[0045] Energy storage unit SoC: refers to the ratio of the unit's current remaining available power to its current available capacity, calculated using the following formula:

[0046] in, This is the local SoC (provided by its battery management system, BMS) for the j-th battery pack.

[0047] Energy storage unit charge / discharge capacity: refers to the sum of the charge / discharge capacity of all battery packs within the energy storage unit.

[0048] Energy storage unit charging capacity:

[0049] in, The local charging amount for the j-th battery pack.

[0050] Discharge capacity of energy storage unit:

[0051] in, Let be the local discharge amount of the j-th battery pack.

[0052] Theoretical maximum discharge capacity of an energy storage unit: refers to the maximum cumulative discharge capacity of all battery packs within the energy storage unit during its nominal lifespan as specified by the manufacturer.

[0053]

[0054] in, The local rated cycle life (cycles) of the j-th battery pack; defined according to its manufacturer's nominal battery technical specifications, representing the number of charge-discharge cycles that can be completed before the battery capacity decays to a specified threshold under standard conditions.

[0055] The data acquisition unit is used to collect various data from the control device, including time-of-use electricity prices, real-time SoC (System-on-Chips) and real-time SOH (SoH) of the energy storage battery pack, rated capacity and maximum charge / discharge power of the battery pack, as well as energy storage charge / discharge plans, real-time forecasts of photovoltaic power generation, and real-time forecasts of load power consumption. The data acquisition unit interfaces with the station-level energy management system via an API, collecting data from the interface at intervals (e.g., a default 5-minute interval).

[0056] The instruction execution unit is used to send energy storage control instructions to the energy storage units through an interface with the station-level energy management system. The instructions ultimately executed by each energy storage unit are issued by the station-level energy management system, verified by the battery management system (BMS), and then executed to realize the charging, discharging, and standby operations of the energy storage units. Within the instruction execution unit, at the current moment of operation of the energy storage unit on a natural day, when the energy storage control strategy is transient charging / storage mode, the energy storage control instructions are corrected based on the real-time operating data of the energy storage units.

[0057] Within the grouping unit, the energy storage units are dynamically divided into three groups: a charging mode group, a standby mode group, and a discharging mode group. This control cycle is 24 hours per calendar day. The grouping is based on the cycle rate of the energy storage unit's entire lifespan and the capacity ratio of each energy storage unit. The energy storage units are grouped at 00:00 every day, and the grouping rules are as follows: Charging mode group: Sort the energy storage units in descending order of cycle rate, select a few energy storage units with the highest cycle rate, so that the total capacity of this group accounts for 25-35% of the total system capacity.

[0058] Discharge mode group: Sort the energy storage units in descending order of cycle rate, select a number of energy storage units with the lowest cycle rate, so that the total capacity of this group accounts for 25-35% of the total system capacity.

[0059] Standby mode group: Other ungrouped remaining energy storage units.

[0060] When the total number of energy storage units is equal to 3, the energy storage unit capacity ratio condition is not used. Instead, the energy storage units are sorted from low to high according to their cycle rate and labeled as the discharge mode group, standby mode group, and charging mode group, respectively.

[0061] When the total number of energy storage units is equal to 2, for example, when a group of energy storage units is in a fault state, a virtual standby mode group is created with an energy storage capacity of 0, which participates in the algorithm calculation.

[0062] When the total number of energy storage units is equal to 1, the station-level capacity management system will skip this control device and directly control it itself.

[0063] Among them, the dynamic management algorithm for grouping energy storage units in charge-wait-to-discharge mode is as follows: There are N energy storage units, with unit indices i ∈ {0,1,...,N-1}.

[0064] in: This refers to the charging amount of energy storage unit i on day d from the start of the energy storage system (Note: Due to the loss of energy storage batteries, it is measured by the amount of charging). Number of days the system has been online The energy storage unit cycle rate of energy storage unit i is a normalized definition of the life cycle of energy storage units based on the energy storage cluster constructed by the heterogeneous energy storage system.

[0065]

[0066] in: This refers to the theoretical maximum discharge capacity of energy storage unit i.

[0067] Energy storage unit capacity ratio:

[0068] in: Total energy storage capacity of station-level energy storage cluster Use Case: In practical applications where the stored energy in energy storage units is not fully released and the cycle rates of these units are unbalanced, a dynamic power allocation strategy based on historical operating roles is adopted to achieve balanced cycle rates throughout the entire lifecycle of the energy storage units. At 00:00 each day, based on the energy storage cycle rates of each energy storage unit from the previous day, they are divided into three scheduling roles: charging mode group, standby mode group, and discharging mode group. The discharging mode group consists of units with lower cycle rates from the previous day (requiring increased usage), while the charging mode group consists of units with higher cycle rates from the previous day (requiring restricted usage).

[0069] During the system scheduling execution on that day, the first step is to charge all energy storage units to bring the SoC to the predetermined target (usually 100%), followed by discharging to bring the SoC of the discharge mode group to a low level. Charging control phases (such as off-peak electricity prices or periods of photovoltaic oversupply): After running for a period of time, the SoC of the charging mode group and the standby mode group is already at a high level, while the SoC of the discharging mode group is at a low level. The system will prioritize allocating high charging power to the discharging mode group, while other mode groups are only allowed to trickle charge or are prohibited from charging, thereby improving the cycle rate of the energy storage unit in the discharging mode group.

[0070] Discharge control phase (such as peak electricity price or load gap periods): Discharge power is allocated first from the discharge mode group. When the discharge mode group cannot meet the power demand, the standby mode group is given priority to discharge. If the power demand still cannot be met, the charging mode group is the last to discharge.

[0071] In this way, the discharge mode group takes priority in charging and discharging cycles on the same day. As a result, the cycle rate of the energy storage unit in the discharge mode group increases at a higher rate, while the growth rate of the charging mode group is smaller. The cycle rates of each energy storage unit increase according to different changes, forming a dynamic balance.

[0072] During the long-term operation of the integrated energy station's energy storage cluster, dynamic grouping and scheduling strategies ensure that each energy storage unit completes approximately the same total energy charge and discharge. In this process, the cycle rate of each energy storage unit remains dynamically balanced. This dynamic balancing mechanism effectively slows down the overall aging process of the energy storage system, significantly improves the utilization rate of energy storage assets, and provides strong support for the stable and efficient operation of the integrated energy station.

[0073] In the time-series segmentation unit, such as Figure 4 As shown, based on the periodicity of (daily) time-of-use (TOU) pricing periods in the power grid, a general model framework is established that includes a maximum of three consecutive charging and discharging control cycles. These three consecutive control cycles are defined as a control cycle model, which includes a first control cycle, a second control cycle, and a third control cycle. Each control cycle contains a valley period (including deep valleys), a normal period, and a peak period (including peak times). The second and third control cycles can be trimmed, and the pricing periods within the control cycle content can also be trimmed. The TOU pricing periods include valley periods (including deep valleys), normal periods, and peak periods (including peak times). The time-series segmentation unit is based on the natural day and combines the time-of-use electricity price structure to divide a day into up to three consecutive control cycles, which simplifies the charging and discharging decision logic of the energy storage system.

[0074] 1. Time Period Definition Explanation Off-peak hours: refers to periods when electricity prices are lower, including regular off-peak hours and deep off-peak hours (if they exist).

[0075] Normal period: refers to the period when electricity prices are in the middle, i.e., the ordinary flat period.

[0076] Peak hours: refers to periods when electricity prices are higher, including normal peak hours and peak hours (if they exist).

[0077] 2. Control cycle division rules Starting from 00:00 on a calendar day, the end times of peak periods (including spiking periods) are identified sequentially and divided as follows: First control cycle Start time: 0:00 End time: The end time of the first peak period (including the peak). Requirements: The cycle must include at least one off-peak period (i.e., valley period or normal period) and the first peak period to support "low charge high discharge" operation.

[0078] Second control cycle (conditional existence) Start time: End of the first control cycle End time: The end time of the second peak period (including the peak). Conditions for existence: There are two or more peak periods on the same day. Requirements: The period must include at least one off-peak period (valley or flat period) and a second peak period.

[0079] Third control cycle Start time: If there are two peak periods, then it is the end time of the second control cycle; If there is only one peak period, it is the end time of the first control cycle.

[0080] End time: 11:59 PM Features: Under a typical time-of-use pricing structure, this cycle usually does not contain any peak periods (including spikes).

[0081] 3. Handling of Special Circumstances If there is only one peak period on a given day, then no second control period will be established, and the period from the end of the first period to 11:59 PM will be included in the third control period.

[0082] If peak periods are consecutive or overlap (e.g., a spike is nested within a peak period), it is considered a composite peak period, and its overall end time is used as the boundary of the corresponding control cycle.

[0083] Matching and pruning of control cycle models Based on the cyclical structure of time-of-use electricity pricing, it is matched with a control cycle model of up to three control cycles. The matching process consists of two steps: The first step is to determine the cyclical framework. The determination is based on the period of the composite peak period in time-of-use pricing: If it contains two composite peak periods, and there are other periods after the last composite peak period, then it matches the full control cycle model; If there is a composite peak period, and there are other periods after the last composite peak period, then match the first control cycle + third control cycle trimmed control cycle model; If there are two composite peak periods, and there are no other periods after the last composite peak period, then match the first control period + second control period trimmed control period model. If a composite peak period is included, and there are no other periods after the last composite peak period, then the first control cycle trimming control cycle model is matched.

[0084] Step Two: Time-of-use pricing and adjustment Map the actual time-of-use electricity pricing periods to the selected periodic frame: Time period merging rules: consecutive valley periods (including nested deep valley periods) are merged into one charging window valley period; consecutive peak periods are merged into one discharging window peak period.

[0085] Matching process: The actual charging and discharging windows are allocated to each control cycle in chronological order. If the actual time period is less than the framework requirement, then: Delete unmatched empty time periods Adjusting the cycle boundaries accordingly may reduce the actual number of cycles used. Strategy Response: The corresponding energy storage control strategy will only be executed during the actual matched time period; no energy storage control strategy will be arranged during the unmatched time period.

[0086] If valley periods are consecutive or overlap (e.g., deep valley periods nested within valley periods), they are considered a composite valley period. Based on the matching of composite peaks and valleys with time-of-use pricing periods in the selected cycle, periods that do not match the actual time-of-use pricing are deleted from the model, and no matching control strategy is required.

[0087] The matching process is a two-way adjustment: it maps the actual time period to the control cycle model, and also allows the control cycle model to be tailored according to the actual situation. The final number of control cycles may be less than the initial frame selection, subject to the actual matching results.

[0088] Energy storage control strategy Energy storage control strategies include steady-state charging and storage mode, high-power charging mode, high-power discharging mode, economic regulation mode, and transient charging and storage mode.

[0089] The steady-state charging and storage mode refers to the process of accurately calculating the charging power of each energy storage unit at each time period based on the energy storage charging and discharging plan collected by the data acquisition unit during a long charging cycle. This enables the energy storage system to charge economically and efficiently, stabilize the distribution network load, and reduce losses in the distribution network.

[0090] The energy storage charging method uses a mixed-integer linear programming algorithm. The goal is to find the values ​​of a set of decision variables and minimize or maximize the linear objective function. In this implementation, the minimum linear objective function is adopted to accurately calculate the charging power of each energy storage unit at each time period. The optimization algorithm is as follows: MILP , in: It is a continuous variable, which can have any real value; in this case, it is the charge amount variable. .

[0091] It is an integer variable and can only take integer values.

[0092] and These are the corresponding coefficients, representing the contribution of each variable to the objective function.

[0093] Variable definition: Number of energy storage units Number of charging periods, end point of the first off-peak period (30-minute interval, due to the half-point situation of time-of-use electricity pricing). Energy storage unit capacity ,

[0094] Energy storage unit Maximum charging power , .

[0095] Energy storage unit Charging period t Charging amount ,

[0096] Energy storage unit During the charging period t The amount of charge (decision variable). This refers to the interval time.

[0097]

[0098] Energy storage unit initial charge , , This refers to the state of charge of energy storage unit i at time 0. Energy storage unit Grouping indicator variables: Energy storage unit i is grouped into charging mode groups. Energy storage unit i is grouped into standby mode group. Energy storage unit i is grouped into a discharge mode group. The constraints are as follows: Charging power balance constraints:

[0099] Energy storage unit's capacity storage constraint varies over time:

[0100] Energy storage unit charging capacity constraints:

[0101] Energy storage unit grouping constraints: Remaining capacity of the energy storage unit charging mode group

[0102] Safety margin The default value is 0.95 to prevent the energy storage unit from being overcharged.

[0103] Right now:

[0104] k is the duration of the first trough period, ideally placed earlier. The period is full of Remaining capacity of energy storage unit standby mode group and discharge mode group The objective function is as follows: Main objective: Maximize the charging amount of the standby mode group and the discharge mode group (even if they cannot be fully charged).

[0105] Secondary objective: Minimize the charge amount of the charging mode group.

[0106] Time objective: While meeting the above objectives, minimize the charging time of the standby mode group and the discharge mode group.

[0107] Applicable Scenarios: The first off-peak period, which is typically longer and suitable for more detailed charging planning. The steady-state charging and storage mode can fully consider the daily operational needs of the energy storage system, such as subsequent discharge plans and load forecasts, allowing for reasonable allocation of charging power, reduced charging costs, and improved overall economic efficiency of the energy storage system.

[0108] High-power charging mode refers to the energy storage unit rapidly replenishing the power at the current maximum allowed charging power during a short window of low electricity prices, raising the state of charge (SoC) to the target level, and preparing for discharge scheduling during subsequent peak periods.

[0109] In this mode, the charging power command is issued by the station-level energy management system and executed after verification by the battery management system (BMS). The BMS dynamically implements safety strategies such as power limiting and overvoltage protection based on the battery's SoC, temperature, and SOH (Solar Hourly Rate). When the SoC enters a high range (e.g., >90%), even if a high-power charging command is received, the BMS will dynamically limit the charging current and gradually transition to a constant voltage or trickle charging stage to avoid overcharging, slow down aging, and thus ensure the battery's safety and long-term health.

[0110] Applicable scenarios: Short periods of low electricity prices, such as the second off-peak period. During these times, electricity prices are lower, and utilizing this period for rapid charging can reduce the charging costs of the energy storage system. This mode can also be used when the energy storage unit has low charge after discharging in the previous stage and needs to be replenished with a significant amount of power in a short period.

[0111] The high-power charging mode quickly charges the depleted energy storage, enabling it to replenish energy to the energy storage unit at maximum power in a short time. , in: : Charging power of energy storage unit i; Maximum charging power of energy storage unit i; : A continuous integer variable representing the energy storage sequence number, starting from 0. ; : SoC of energy storage unit i.

[0112] High-power discharge mode refers to the energy storage unit rapidly releasing electricity at the current maximum allowable discharge power in a short period of time to quickly respond to the maximum power load demand, maximize economic benefits, reduce the state of charge (SoC) to the target level, and prepare for charging scheduling in subsequent periods.

[0113] In this mode, the discharge power command is issued by the station-level energy management system and executed after verification by the battery management system (BMS). The BMS dynamically implements safety strategies such as power limiting and overvoltage protection based on the battery's state of charge (SoC), temperature, and sonic equilibrium (SOH). When the SoC enters a low range (e.g., <20%), even if a high-power discharge command is received, the BMS will dynamically limit the discharge current and gradually reduce the power until discharge stops as the SoC approaches the lower threshold. This avoids over-discharge, slows down aging, and thus ensures battery safety and long-term SOH.

[0114] Applicable scenarios: During peak electricity price periods, when electricity prices are high, the stored energy can be sold at a higher price through rapid discharge, increasing revenue; at the same time, when the power system experiences sudden demand exceeding its rated capacity, such as the start-up of large industrial equipment or the simultaneous rapid charging of multiple electric vehicles, the high-power discharge mode can provide timely power support to maintain the stable operation of the power system.

[0115] Algorithm for high-power discharge mode: , in: : Discharge power of energy storage unit i; Maximum discharge power of energy storage unit i Transient charging-storage mode refers to the energy storage unit adopting an optimized scheduling strategy based on model predictive control (MPC), according to the future data collected by the data acquisition unit. Real-time predicted load electricity consumption and photovoltaic power generation within the time period (default) = 10 minutes), dynamically plan the charging and discharging power of the energy storage unit to achieve rapid adaptation and efficient regulation to changes in power supply and demand.

[0116] Computing system net load gap:

[0117] When the solar power is in surplus, it indicates that the battery is ready for charging. When this occurs, it indicates a power supply shortage, requiring the energy storage unit to discharge.

[0118] If there is no photovoltaic power generation, such as in the event of a photovoltaic system failure or the absence of a photovoltaic system, the transient charging and storage mode will not be executed.

[0119] During the charging scheduling cycle, the energy storage units are sorted according to the charging mode group, standby mode group, and discharge mode group of the energy storage cluster, and within the group, they are sorted in ascending order by SoC.

[0120] , Maximum charging capacity of energy storage unit i , which represents the remaining rechargeable capacity of energy storage unit i. Rated capacity of energy storage unit i in: Energy storage unit i in State of charge at time t This refers to the sequence number of the energy storage units after they have been sorted. Number of energy storage units For the current moment Power is allocated to each energy storage unit i algorithm:

[0121]

[0122] 0

[0123]

[0124]

[0125]

[0126]

[0127] During the discharge scheduling cycle, the energy storage units are sorted according to the discharge mode group, standby mode group, and charging mode group of the energy storage cluster, and within the group, they are sorted in descending order by SoC.

[0128] , The maximum discharge capacity of energy storage unit i , represents the remaining power of energy storage unit i. Rated capacity of energy storage unit i in: Energy storage unit i in State of charge at time t Minimum threshold for SoC discharge (default value) ，

[0129] This refers to the sequence number of the energy storage units after they have been sorted. Number of energy storage units For the current moment Power is allocated to each energy storage unit i algorithm:

[0130]

[0131] 0

[0132]

[0133]

[0134]

[0135]

[0136] Applicable scenarios: During the photovoltaic power generation phase, which is also the peak electricity price (including peak period), if there is a surplus from photovoltaic self-consumption, the energy storage will quickly respond to charging; if photovoltaic power generation cannot meet the load's electricity demand, the energy storage will quickly respond to discharging.

[0137] Economic regulation mode refers to the energy storage unit executing a charging and discharging plan based on the future data collected by the data acquisition unit. Charge and discharge plan within the time period (default) = 60 minutes), dynamically plan the charging and discharging power of the energy storage unit to achieve adaptation and efficient regulation to changes in power supply and demand.

[0138] Computing system net load gap:

[0139] When the solar power is in surplus, it indicates that the battery is ready for charging. When this occurs, it indicates a power supply shortage, requiring the energy storage unit to discharge.

[0140] During the charging scheduling cycle, the energy storage units are sorted according to the charging mode group, standby mode group, and discharge mode group of the energy storage cluster, and within the group, they are sorted in ascending order by SoC.

[0141] , Maximum charging capacity of energy storage unit i , which represents the remaining rechargeable capacity of energy storage unit i. Rated capacity of energy storage unit i in: Energy storage unit i in State of charge at time t This refers to the sequence number of the energy storage units after they have been sorted. Number of energy storage units For the current moment Power is allocated to each energy storage unit i algorithm:

[0142]

[0143] 0

[0144]

[0145]

[0146]

[0147]

[0148] During the discharge scheduling cycle, the energy storage units are sorted according to the discharge mode group, standby mode group, and charging mode group of the energy storage cluster, and within the group, they are sorted according to the SoC order.

[0149] , The maximum discharge capacity of energy storage unit i , represents the remaining power of energy storage unit i. Rated capacity of energy storage unit i in: Energy storage unit i in State of charge at time t Minimum threshold for SoC discharge (default value) ，

[0150] This refers to the sequence number of the energy storage units after they have been sorted. Number of energy storage units For the current moment Power is allocated to each energy storage unit i algorithm:

[0151]

[0152] 0

[0153]

[0154]

[0155]

[0156] .

[0157] Specific implementation method two, such as Figure 5 As shown, the integrated energy station energy storage cluster time-series segmentation and energy storage unit grouping control method described in this embodiment is implemented based on the integrated energy station energy storage cluster time-series segmentation and energy storage unit grouping control device described in any one of the present invention. The method includes: S1. Collect data from the station-level energy management system; S2. Based on the time-of-use electricity price data in the collected data, divide the control period; S3. Assign energy storage control strategies to the control cycle; S4. Based on the cycle rate and capacity ratio of each energy storage unit, the energy storage units are divided into charging mode group, standby mode group and discharging mode group; S5. Execute the energy storage control strategy and generate energy storage control commands; S6. Each energy storage unit performs charging, discharging, or standby operations according to the corresponding control commands.

[0158] In this embodiment, the control process of the integrated energy station energy storage cluster time-series segmentation and energy storage unit grouping control method is described.

[0159] First, the start-up phase at 00:00 on the first day of the month: Dynamic grouping of energy storage: Based on the energy storage unit cycle rate and energy storage unit capacity ratio of each energy storage unit on the previous day, the energy storage units are dynamically divided into groups: charging mode group, standby mode group, and discharging mode group.

[0160] The typical grouping ratio of energy storage unit capacity is: 30% for charging mode, 40% for standby mode, and 30% for discharging mode. Time-series segmented control method: Traverse all 24-hour nodes, find the corresponding energy storage control strategy according to time sequence segment, and execute the corresponding energy storage control strategy according to the strategy definition, including steady-state charging and storage mode, high-power discharge mode, high-power charging mode, economic regulation mode, and transient charging and storage mode. The control power of each energy storage unit at each time period is given using a mixed integer linear programming algorithm and a weighted average algorithm. It aggregates control commands during the startup phase and outputs control commands for each energy storage unit. Next, the real-time control phase throughout the day: Based on the current moment, the control strategy is searched in time sequence segments. The control instructions for the energy storage unit are modified and generated according to the transient charging and storage mode and real-time data. Then, the control instructions for each energy storage unit are output.

Claims

1. A time-series segmentation and energy storage unit grouping control device for an integrated energy station energy storage cluster, characterized in that, The device includes: The data acquisition unit is used to collect data from the station-level energy management system. The collected data includes: time-of-use electricity price, real-time SoC, real-time SOH, rated capacity and maximum charge / discharge power of the energy storage battery pack, as well as energy storage charge / discharge plan, real-time predicted photovoltaic power generation and real-time predicted load power consumption. The time-series segmentation unit is used to divide three consecutive control cycles, including a first control cycle, a second control cycle, and a third control cycle; the segmentation method is to trim the control cycle and the time-of-use pricing period within the control cycle; the time-of-use pricing period includes valley period, normal period, and peak period; The strategy allocation unit is used to allocate and execute energy storage control strategies for the control cycle and generate energy storage control commands; the energy storage control strategies include steady-state charging mode, high-power discharge mode, high-power charging mode, economic regulation mode and transient charging mode. The grouping unit dynamically divides the energy storage units into groups based on the cycle rate and capacity ratio of the energy storage units. The groups include charging mode group, standby mode group and discharging mode group. The instruction execution unit is used to send the energy storage control instruction to the energy storage unit, and each energy storage unit executes the energy storage control instruction to realize the charging, discharging and standby operations of the energy storage unit.

2. The integrated energy station energy storage cluster time-series segmentation and energy storage unit grouping control device according to claim 1, characterized in that, In the three consecutive control cycles The time-of-use pricing periods for the first control cycle include, in sequence, the first off-peak period, the first normal period, and the first peak period. The time-of-use pricing periods of the second control cycle include the second valley period, the second normal period, and the second peak period, in sequence. The time-of-use pricing periods of the third control cycle include the third valley period, the third normal period, and the third peak period, in sequence.

3. The integrated energy station energy storage cluster time-series segmentation and energy storage unit grouping control device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The strategy allocation unit allocates the energy storage control strategy for the first control cycle as follows: A steady-state recharge mode will be allocated for the first valley period; This is the first economic regulation model allocated during normal periods; The system simultaneously allocates high-power discharge mode and transient charging / storage mode for the first peak period.

4. The integrated energy station energy storage cluster time-series segmentation and energy storage unit grouping control device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The strategy allocation unit allocates the energy storage control strategy for the second control cycle as follows: Allocate a high-power charging mode for the second off-peak period; The economic adjustment model will be allocated for the second normal period; The second peak period is allocated with high-power discharge mode and transient charging mode.

5. The integrated energy station energy storage cluster time-series segmentation and energy storage unit grouping control device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The strategy allocation unit allocates the energy storage control strategy for the third control cycle as follows: Assign an economic adjustment model to the third trough period; The economic adjustment model will be allocated for the third normal period. A high-power discharge mode is allocated for the third peak period.

6. The integrated energy station energy storage cluster time-series segmentation and energy storage unit grouping control device according to claim 1, characterized in that, In the grouping unit The charging mode group is selected by sorting the energy storage units from high to low cycle rate, and the total capacity ratio of the selected energy storage units is 25-35%. The discharge mode group is selected by sorting the energy storage units from low to high according to their cycle rate, and the total capacity ratio of the selected energy storage units is 25-35%. The standby mode group is: energy storage units that have not been sorted or selected.

7. The integrated energy station energy storage cluster time-series segmentation and energy storage unit grouping control device according to claim 1, characterized in that, In the grouping unit The cycle rate of the energy storage unit is as follows: ， in, This represents the maximum discharge capacity of energy storage unit i. Total charge of the energy storage unit; The capacity ratio of the energy storage unit is: ， in, The sum of the available capacities of all energy storage units represents the total capacity of the energy storage cluster. This represents the available capacity of the energy storage unit.

8. The integrated energy station energy storage cluster time-series segmentation and energy storage unit grouping control device according to claim 1, characterized in that, In the energy storage control strategy described above The steady-state charging and storage mode achieves charging of the energy storage units by calculating the charging power of each energy storage unit during each time-of-use electricity price period; The high-power charging mode calculates the maximum charging power of the energy storage unit and enables the energy storage unit to be charged at the currently allowed maximum charging power. The high-power discharge mode calculates the maximum discharge power of the energy storage unit and enables the energy storage unit to discharge at the currently allowed maximum discharge power. The transient charging and storage mode calculates the net load gap of the energy storage unit and charges and discharges the energy storage unit according to the charging mode group, standby mode group, and discharging mode group; when the net load gap is negative, the energy storage unit is charged, and when the net load gap is positive, the energy storage unit is discharged. The economic regulation mode calculates the net load gap of the energy storage unit and adjusts the charging and discharging of the energy storage unit according to changes in power supply and demand.

9. The integrated energy station energy storage cluster time-series segmentation and energy storage unit grouping control device according to claim 1, characterized in that, In the instruction execution unit, at the current moment of operation of the energy storage unit on a natural day, when the energy storage control strategy is transient charging and storage mode, the energy storage control instruction is modified based on the real-time operating data of the energy storage unit.

10. A method for time-series segmentation and energy storage unit grouping control of an integrated energy station energy storage cluster, characterized in that, The method is implemented based on the integrated energy station energy storage cluster time-series segmentation and energy storage unit grouping control device according to any one of claims 1 to 9, and the method includes: S1. Collect data from the station-level energy management system; S2. Based on the time-of-use electricity price data in the collected data, divide the control period; S3. Assign energy storage control strategies for the control cycle; S4. Based on the cycle rate and capacity ratio of each energy storage unit, the energy storage units are divided into charging mode group, standby mode group and discharging mode group; S5. Execute the energy storage control strategy and generate energy storage control commands; S6. Each energy storage unit performs charging, discharging, or standby operations according to the corresponding control commands.

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