Intelligent ring, blood pressure measuring method and related device

Abstract

The embodiment of the invention provides an intelligent finger ring, a blood pressure measuring method and a related device, in the method, on one hand, when a user applies pressure to the pressing position of the intelligent finger ring, pressure generated by a traditional inflatable cuff can be replaced, a photoelectric volume pulse wave sensor is pressed in the skin direction of a wearing part, and the pressure can be applied to the pressing position of the intelligent finger ring; at the moment, a first photoelectric volume pulse wave signal collected by the photoelectric volume pulse wave sensor can reflect subcutaneous blood flow change conditions under the action of different external pressures, so that blood pressure detection can be realized without arranging an inflatable cuff, and the convenience of blood pressure detection is improved; on the other hand, by recognizing the first target point representing that the pulse amplitude reaches the maximum value and the second target point representing that the pulse signal disappears, a more accurate blood pressure detection result can be obtained based on the pressure detection value corresponding to the first target point and the pressure detection value corresponding to the second target point; therefore, accurate and convenient blood pressure detection on the user is realized.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of smart wearable device technology, and more specifically, to a smart ring, a blood pressure measurement method, and related devices. Background Technology

[0002] Traditional blood pressure measurement typically uses a sphygmomanometer, whose typical structure includes an inflatable cuff worn on the upper arm and a dial or electronic sensor for measuring pressure. Although this method is widely accepted in clinical practice and has high reliability, the large size and demanding operation of the upper arm cuff system limit its convenience for everyday use.

[0003] In recent years, a large number of wearable devices have emerged on the market, such as smartwatches and patches, which have blood pressure measurement or estimation functions. One type of wearable blood pressure monitoring device uses a miniature inflatable cuff and applies the same oscillation measurement principle as traditional blood pressure monitors. However, the introduction of the miniature inflatable cuff increases the complexity of the device structure, manufacturing cost, and energy consumption, and places higher demands on the device's miniaturization, convenience, and battery life. Another type of wearable blood pressure monitoring device aims to provide cuffless, continuous, and non-invasive monitoring. However, these systems rely on machine learning or deep learning models to estimate blood pressure, and usually require periodic calibration using traditional cuff measurements, making it difficult to guarantee measurement accuracy. Therefore, how to provide users with accurate and convenient blood pressure monitoring has become an urgent technical problem to be solved. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The embodiments of this application provide a blood pressure measurement method and related device based on a smart ring, so as to realize accurate and convenient blood pressure detection for users.

[0005] According to one aspect of the embodiments of this application, a smart ring is provided, the smart ring comprising: a ring body including an annular cavity formed by an outer ring and an inner ring; a photoplethysmography (PPG) sensor located in the annular cavity, the PPG sensor being used to collect a first PPG signal, the first PPG signal being a signal when the smart ring is in a pressed position; a pressure sensor located in the annular cavity, the pressure sensor being used to detect pressure at the pressed position of the smart ring; the central angle between the location of the pressure sensor and the location of the PPG sensor is less than a preset angle; and a processor located in the annular cavity, the processor being used to determine a first target point and a second target point from the first PPG signal, and to obtain a blood pressure detection result based on the pressure detection value corresponding to the first target point and the pressure detection value corresponding to the second target point.

[0006] In one embodiment of this application, the outer ring of the ring further includes a guide mark for indicating the pressing position, and the pressure sensor is radially coaxially arranged with the guide mark.

[0007] In one embodiment of this application, the photoplethysmography (PPG) sensor is disposed in the annular cavity on the side close to the inner ring of the finger ring, and the pressure sensor is disposed in the annular cavity on the side away from the inner ring of the finger ring.

[0008] In one embodiment of this application, the outer surface of the pressure sensor is exposed outside the outer ring of the ring, and the pressure sensor and the photoplethysmography sensor are fixed with epoxy resin.

[0009] In one embodiment of this application, the pressure sensor is a transparent pressure sensor, which is disposed in the annular cavity on the side close to the inner ring of the finger ring, and the photoplethysmography (PPG) sensor is disposed in the annular cavity on the side away from the inner ring of the finger ring.

[0010] In one embodiment of this application, the outer surface of the pressure sensor is exposed outside the inner ring of the ring, and the pressure sensor and the photoplethysmography sensor are fixed with epoxy resin.

[0011] In one embodiment of this application, the photoplethysmography (PPG) sensor includes a transmitter and a photodetector; the pressure sensor is located between the transmitter and the photodetector; or, the pressure sensor is coaxially arranged with the transmitter; or, the pressure sensor is coaxially arranged with the photodetector.

[0012] In one embodiment of this application, the photoplethysmography (PPG) sensor includes at least two transmitters and at least two photodetectors; the at least two transmitters are located between the at least two photodetectors; and the pressure sensor is located between the at least two photodetectors.

[0013] In one embodiment of this application, the photoplethysmography sensor is further used to collect a second photoplethysmography signal, wherein the first photoplethysmography signal is the signal when the smart ring is in an unpressed state.

[0014] In one embodiment of this application, the smart ring further includes a wireless communication module disposed within the ring body. The smart ring is used to communicate with a terminal device through the wireless communication module to send the blood pressure detection result to the terminal device and trigger the terminal device to display the blood pressure detection result in a preset user interface.

[0015] According to one aspect of the embodiments of this application, a blood pressure measurement method based on the above-described smart ring is provided, applied to a terminal device. The method includes: acquiring a first photoplethysmography (PPG) signal collected by the PPG sensor through the terminal device, wherein the first PPG signal is a signal when the pressing position of the smart ring is in a compressed state; acquiring a pressure detection value of the pressing position of the smart ring collected by the pressure sensor through the terminal device; determining a first target point and a second target point from the first PPG signal; wherein the first target point is used to represent a signal feature point when the pulse amplitude reaches its maximum value, and the second target point is used to represent a signal feature point when the pulse signal disappears; and obtaining a blood pressure detection result based on the pressure detection value corresponding to the first target point and the pressure detection value corresponding to the second target point.

[0016] According to one aspect of the embodiments of this application, a blood pressure measurement method based on the above-described smart ring is provided, applied to the smart ring. The method includes: acquiring a first photoplethysmography (PPG) signal through the PPG sensor, wherein the first PPG signal is a signal when the pressing position of the smart ring is under pressure; acquiring a pressure detection value at the pressing position of the smart ring through the pressure sensor; determining a first target point and a second target point from the first PPG signal; wherein the first target point is used to represent a signal feature point when the pulse amplitude reaches its maximum value, and the second target point is used to represent a signal feature point when the pulse signal disappears; obtaining a blood pressure detection result based on the pressure detection value corresponding to the first target point and the pressure detection value corresponding to the second target point; and sending the blood pressure detection result to a terminal device, wherein the smart ring and the terminal device are connected wirelessly.

[0017] In another exemplary embodiment, before acquiring the first photoplethysmography (PPG) signal through the PPG sensor, the method further includes: displaying first prompt information for guiding the user to perform blood pressure detection through a preset user interface in the terminal device; wherein the first prompt information includes prompting the user to place the wearing part of the smart ring at the same level as the heart for data acquisition, and the first prompt information includes at least one of text prompt information, image prompt information, and audio prompt information.

[0018] In another exemplary embodiment, before acquiring the first photoplethysmography (PPG) signal through the PPG sensor, the method further includes: displaying a second prompt message for guiding the user to perform blood pressure detection through a preset user interface in the terminal device; wherein the second prompt message includes prompting the user to apply pressure to the guide mark position of the smart ring, and the second prompt message includes at least one of text prompt message, image prompt message, and audio prompt message.

[0019] In another exemplary embodiment, the method further includes: displaying the pressure detection value and reference pressure value collected by the pressure sensor in real time through a preset user interface in the terminal device, so as to guide the user to adjust the applied pressure based on the reference pressure value and the real-time displayed pressure detection value.

[0020] In another exemplary embodiment, the method further includes: displaying the blood pressure detection results through a preset user interface in the terminal device, the blood pressure detection results including systolic pressure, diastolic pressure and mean arterial pressure.

[0021] In another exemplary embodiment, obtaining the blood pressure detection result based on the pressure detection value corresponding to the first target point and the pressure detection value corresponding to the second target point includes: taking the pressure detection value corresponding to the first target point as the mean arterial pressure and the pressure detection value corresponding to the second target point as the systolic pressure; calculating the diastolic pressure based on the mean arterial pressure and the systolic pressure; and taking the mean arterial pressure, the systolic pressure, and the diastolic pressure as the blood pressure detection result.

[0022] According to one aspect of the embodiments of this application, a blood pressure measurement device based on a smart ring is provided, comprising: a data acquisition module, a determination module, and a calculation module; wherein, the data acquisition module is configured to acquire a first photoplethysmography (PPG) signal through the PPG sensor, the first PPG signal being a signal when the smart ring is pressed at a pressure position; and acquire pressure detection values ​​at the pressing position of the smart ring through the pressure sensor; the determination module is configured to determine a first target point and a second target point from the first PPG signal; wherein, the first target point represents a signal feature point when the pulse amplitude reaches its maximum value, and the second target point represents a signal feature point when the pulse signal disappears; the calculation module is configured to obtain a blood pressure detection result based on the pressure detection value corresponding to the first target point and the pressure detection value corresponding to the second target point, and send the blood pressure detection result to a terminal device, wherein the smart ring is connected to the terminal device via wireless communication.

[0023] According to one aspect of the embodiments of this application, an electronic device is provided, including: one or more processors; and a storage device for storing one or more programs, which, when executed by the one or more processors, cause the electronic device to implement the blood pressure measurement method based on a smart ring as described above.

[0024] According to one aspect of the embodiments of this application, a computer-readable storage medium is provided, on which computer-readable instructions are stored, which, when executed by a computer's processor, cause the computer to perform the blood pressure measurement method based on a smart ring as described above.

[0025] In the technical solution provided by the embodiments of this application, on one hand, by placing a pressure sensor and a photoplethysmography (PPG) sensor in the annular cavity of the smart ring, when the user applies pressure to the pressing position of the smart ring, it can replace the pressure generated by a traditional inflatable cuff, pressing the PPG sensor towards the skin of the wearing area. At this time, the first PPG signal collected by the PPG sensor can reflect the changes in subcutaneous blood flow under different external pressures. Therefore, blood pressure detection can be achieved without the need for an inflatable cuff, improving the convenience of blood pressure detection. On the other hand, by collecting the first PPG signal and pressure detection value under pressure, and then identifying a first target point indicating that the pulse amplitude reaches its maximum value and a second target point indicating that the pulse signal disappears from the first PPG signal, a more accurate blood pressure detection result can be obtained based on the pressure detection value corresponding to the first target point and the pressure detection value corresponding to the second target point, thereby improving the accuracy of blood pressure detection and realizing accurate and convenient blood pressure detection for the user.

[0026] It should be understood that the above general description and the following detailed description are exemplary and explanatory only, and do not limit this application. Attached Figure Description

[0027] The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and form part of this specification, illustrate embodiments consistent with this application and, together with the description, serve to explain the principles of this application. It is obvious that the drawings described below are merely some embodiments of this application, and those skilled in the art can obtain other drawings based on these drawings without any inventive effort. In the drawings:

[0028] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram illustrating an implementation environment of the blood pressure measurement method based on a smart ring, as shown in an exemplary embodiment of this application. Figure 2A This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a smart ring shown in an exemplary embodiment of this application; Figure 2B This is a front view of a smart ring shown in an exemplary embodiment of this application; Figure 2C This is a schematic diagram illustrating the positional structure of the pressure sensor and the photoplethysmography (PPG) sensor, as shown in an exemplary embodiment of this application. Figure 2D This is a schematic diagram illustrating the application of a guide identifier in an exemplary embodiment of this application; Figure 2E This is an exemplary embodiment of the present application illustrating a blood pressure detection application based on a smart ring; Figure 3 This is a flowchart illustrating a blood pressure measurement method based on a smart ring, as shown in an exemplary embodiment of this application; Figure 4 This is a flowchart of another blood pressure measurement method based on a smart ring provided in an embodiment of this application; Figure 5 This is a flowchart illustrating a method for determining a first target point, as shown in an exemplary embodiment of this application; Figure 6 This is a flowchart illustrating a method for determining a second target point, as shown in an exemplary embodiment of this application; Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the AC component of a second photoplethysmography signal in an exemplary embodiment of this application; Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the AC component of a first photoplethysmography signal in an exemplary embodiment of this application; Figure 9 This is an application schematic diagram illustrating the first page of the user interface in an exemplary embodiment of this application; Figure 10 This is an application schematic diagram of the second page of the user interface shown in an exemplary embodiment of this application; Figure 11 This is an exemplary embodiment of the present application illustrating the third page of the user interface; Figure 12 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the structure of a blood pressure measuring device based on a smart ring, as shown in an exemplary embodiment of this application. Figure 13 A schematic diagram of the structure of a computer system suitable for implementing the electronic device of the present application is shown. Detailed Implementation

[0029] Exemplary embodiments will now be described in detail, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings. When the following description relates to the drawings, unless otherwise indicated, the same numbers in different drawings denote the same or similar elements. The embodiments described in the following exemplary embodiments do not represent all embodiments identical to those described in this application. Rather, they are merely examples of apparatuses and methods identical to some aspects of this application as detailed in the appended claims.

[0030] The block diagrams shown in the accompanying drawings are merely functional entities and do not necessarily correspond to physically independent entities. That is, these functional entities can be implemented as application programs, in one or more hardware modules or integrated circuits, or in different models and / or processor devices and / or microcontroller devices.

[0031] The flowcharts shown in the accompanying drawings are merely illustrative and do not necessarily include all content and operations / steps, nor do they necessarily have to be performed in the described order. For example, some operations / steps can be broken down, while others can be combined or partially combined; therefore, the actual execution order may change depending on the specific circumstances.

[0032] It should be noted that "multiple" as mentioned in this application refers to two or more. "And / or" describes the relationship between related objects, indicating that three relationships can exist. For example, A and / or B can represent: A alone, A and B simultaneously, or B alone. The character " / " generally indicates that the preceding and following related objects have an "or" relationship.

[0033] This application provides a blood pressure measurement method based on a smart ring, as well as a smart ring, a blood pressure measuring device, an electronic device, and a computer-readable storage medium, which enable accurate and convenient blood pressure detection for users. Figure 1 This is an exemplary embodiment of the present application illustrating a scenario of blood pressure measurement based on a smart ring, as shown in the diagram. Figure 1 As shown, the blood pressure measurement scenario based on a smart ring provided in this application includes a terminal device 110 and a smart ring 120. The terminal device 110 and the smart ring 120 can communicate via a network, which can be a wired network or a wireless network. Therefore, the terminal device 110 and the smart ring 120 can be directly or indirectly connected via wired or wireless communication. For example, the terminal device 110 can be indirectly connected to the smart ring 120 via a wireless access point, or the terminal device 110 can be directly connected to the smart ring 120 via the Internet; this application does not impose any limitations on this.

[0034] Terminal device 110 refers to a device capable of storing and processing data through a program, and performing functions such as logical operations and information processing. Its core features include a central processing unit (CPU), a storage unit, and input / output interfaces, and it can complete specific tasks through software (operating system, application program). Terminal device 110 may include, but is not limited to, mobile phones, tablets, laptops, ultra-mobile personal computers (UMPCs), netbooks, personal digital assistants (PDAs), etc., and this application embodiment does not limit this. In some embodiments, terminal device 110 may also be a mobile terminal with an application installed to work with the smart ring 120. This application includes at least three display interfaces to guide the user through blood pressure monitoring.

[0035] The smart ring 120 can be a portable smart wearable device worn on the finger, used to collect human physiological data and realize interactive communication with the terminal device 110. It can also work with the supporting application in the terminal device 110 to complete the entire process of blood pressure detection related data collection, transmission, and feedback.

[0036] like Figure 2A As shown, Figure 2A This is a schematic diagram illustrating the structure of a smart ring according to an exemplary embodiment of this application. The smart ring includes a ring body 1, a photoplethysmography (PPG) sensor 2, a pressure sensor 3, and a processor. The ring body 1 includes an annular cavity formed by an outer ring and an inner ring. The PPG sensor 2 is used to collect a first PPG signal, which is the signal when the smart ring is pressed. The pressure sensor 3 is used to detect pressure at the pressed position of the smart ring. The pressure sensor and the PPG sensor are located in the annular cavity, and the central angle between the positions of the pressure sensor and the PPG sensor is less than a preset angle. The processor, located in the annular cavity, is used to determine a first target point and a second target point from the first PPG signal, and to obtain a blood pressure detection result based on the pressure detection value corresponding to the first target point and the pressure detection value corresponding to the second target point.

[0037] In this application, considering that the user presses the ring with their fingertip when collecting blood pressure, the central angle between the locations of the pressure sensor and the photoplethysmography (PPG) sensor is set based on the contact area between the user's fingertip and the ring. For example, the central angle is set to be no greater than 90 degrees. That is, the angle between the locations of the pressure sensor and the PPG sensor is less than a preset angle of 90°. For example, the central angle between them can be 0°, which means that the locations of the pressure sensor and the PPG sensor can be set coaxially. Or, for example, the central angle between them can be 60°, which means that the locations of the pressure sensor and the PPG sensor can be spaced 60° apart. In this embodiment, by limiting the central angles of the pressure sensor and the photoplethysmography (PPG) sensor locations to a preset angle, the pressure sensor and PPG sensor can be arranged in various ways within the smart ring. This ensures that both sensors can simultaneously and effectively acquire signals from the pressure point, avoiding issues such as asynchronous signal acquisition and inconsistent detection positions caused by overly dispersed sensor layouts. This improves the correlation and consistency between the pressure signal and the PPG signal, enhancing the accuracy and reliability of physiological parameter detection. Simultaneously, it meets the needs of miniaturization and diversified structural design in smart rings, improving product applicability and user experience.

[0038] In some embodiments, the photoplethysmography (PPG) sensor 2 can not only collect the first PPG signal when the smart ring is in a pressed state, but also collect the second PPG signal when the smart ring is in a non-pressed state.

[0039] The first photoplethysmography (PPG) signal refers to the PPG signal collected when the smart ring's pressing position is under pressure, i.e., the PPG signal collected during the pressure process. The second PPG signal refers to the PPG signal collected when the smart ring's pressing position is not under pressure, i.e., the PPG signal collected after the smart ring is worn on the finger without external pressure applied.

[0040] In some embodiments, the photoplethysmography (PPG) sensor 2 includes a transmitter and a photodetector 22; the pressure sensor 2 may be located between the transmitter and the photodetector 22; the pressure sensor 3 may also be coaxially arranged with the transmitter; the pressure sensor 3 may also be coaxially arranged with the photodetector 22.

[0041] For example, the transmitter includes a first transmitter 21, which is coaxially disposed with the pressure sensor 3 in the annular inner cavity. The first transmitter 21 is used to emit detection light of a first preset wavelength. The photoelectric receiver 22 is used to receive the light signal reflected by the wearing part and to perform analog-to-digital conversion on the received light signal to obtain a first photoplethysmography signal and / or a second photoplethysmography signal.

[0042] In some embodiments, the first transmitter 21 may include a red light source, and the detection light of the first preset wavelength may be red light.

[0043] For example, the red light emitted by the first transmitter 21 (the wavelength corresponding to red light in the first preset wavelength, such as the 600nm-700nm range) penetrates the skin surface of the smart ring wearing area (such as the fingertip). After being reflected back by subcutaneous blood vessels and tissues, some of the light is received by the photodetector 22 located on the same side near the inner ring of the ring. Then, the photodetector 22 performs photoelectric conversion and analog-to-digital processing on the received reflected light signal, converting the reflected light signal into a photoplethysmography (PPG) wave signal.

[0044] In this embodiment, PPG signal acquisition can be completed using only a single light source (only one transmitter). Red light belongs to the visible light spectrum, penetrates the skin to a moderate depth (approximately 1-2 mm), and primarily detects changes in microarterial blood volume in the superficial layers of the skin. It has a moderate signal-to-noise ratio and is the classic basic wavelength for PPG signal acquisition; a single red light source is sufficient for pulse signal acquisition. In other embodiments, the first transmitter 231 may also include an infrared light source. Thus, by configuring the first transmitter to emit infrared light in addition to red light, the smart ring can acquire not only pulse signals but also blood oxygen saturation.

[0045] In one embodiment, the processor is disposed inside the ring body. Figure 2A Invisible from a mid-range perspective, therefore Figure 2A The processor is used to determine a first target point and a second target point from the first photoplethysmography (PPG) signal, and to obtain a blood pressure detection result based on the pressure detection value corresponding to the first target point and the pressure detection value corresponding to the second target point.

[0046] In other embodiments, the photoplethysmography (PPG) sensor 2 includes at least two transmitters and at least two photodetectors. The at least two transmitters are located between the at least two photodetectors, and the pressure sensor 3 is located between the at least two photodetectors. The two transmitters include a first transmitter 21 and a second transmitter 23, and the two photodetectors include a photodetector 22. The second transmitter 23 is used to emit detection light of a second preset wavelength. In this embodiment, by simultaneously setting the first transmitter and the second transmitter in the smart ring to emit different detection lights, the anti-interference capability of the smart ring during signal acquisition can be improved, thereby detecting more accurate PPG signals.

[0047] Furthermore, a second transmitter 23 is provided on both sides of the pressure sensor 3. The second transmitter 23 is disposed in the annular inner cavity near the inner ring of the finger ring, and the second transmitter 23 is separated from the pressure sensor 3 by a first preset angle. In some embodiments, the value range of the first preset angle can be [20°, 40°]. For example, the first preset angle between the second transmitter 23 and the pressure sensor 3 can be 30°. In this embodiment, by setting the range of the first preset angle to [20°, 40°], it can be ensured that the second transmitter 23 will not cause signal interference due to being too close to the pressure sensor 3 (angle less than 20°), thus avoiding the superposition of the pressure sensor detection signal and the second transmitter's transmission signal and affecting their respective working accuracy. Nor will the second transmitter be unable to cooperate with the pressure sensor to achieve collaborative detection due to being too far away (angle greater than 40°). This allows the second transmitter to accurately assist in collecting the photoplethysmography (PPG) signal of the wearing area, while also taking into account the rationality of the sensor layout, adapting to the spatial limitations of the smart ring's annular cavity, ensuring that the second transmitters on both sides are symmetrically distributed, further improving the uniformity and stability of signal acquisition, and providing reliable data support for the accurate calculation of subsequent physiological parameters.

[0048] For example, the second transmitter 23 can be a green light source, and the detection light of the second preset wavelength can be green light. The green light emitted by the second transmitter 23 (the wavelength corresponding to green light in the second preset wavelength, such as the 500nm-570nm range). For green light, its penetration depth is shallower than that of red light (about 0.5-1mm), making it more sensitive to changes in capillary blood volume in the skin surface and less affected by interference from muscles and bones. In thin-skinned wearing areas such as fingers / finger pads, a single green light source can also collect high-quality PPG signals. In this embodiment, by combining the first and second transmitters, the problems of ring-type devices being easily affected by loosening, finger micro-movements, and changes in skin fit are addressed. The dual-wavelength signals can be complementaryly fused. Green light has strong resistance to micro-movement interference, while the blood volume characterization of the red light signal is more stable. After fusion, the noise of a single wavelength can be filtered out, improving signal reliability.

[0049] In some embodiments, photodetectors 22 are provided on both sides of the pressure sensor 3, and the photodetectors 22 are positioned at a second preset angle from the pressure sensor 3. In some embodiments, the value range of the second preset angle can be [50°, 70°], for example, the second preset angle can be 60°. In this embodiment, by setting the value range of the second preset angle to [50°, 70°], signal acquisition can be performed more accurately, improving the uniformity and stability of signal acquisition, and providing reliable data support for the accurate calculation of subsequent physiological parameters.

[0050] It's important to understand that when a smart ring is worn on a finger, the user's finger size, tightness, and finger posture (bent / straight) all affect the angle at which the light source contacts the skin. If the smart ring only has one receiver, problems such as optical path offset, sudden drop in received light intensity, and signal loss can easily occur. In this embodiment, by using two symmetrically arranged photoelectric receivers, more reflection angles can be covered in the ring-shaped area of ​​the finger. Even if the ring is slightly offset, at least one receiver can capture stable reflected light, preventing signal interruption. Furthermore, both receivers can simultaneously acquire PPG signals, and the algorithm can select the one with the higher signal-to-noise ratio or fuse and denoise the two signals to further improve signal quality. Additionally, the photoelectric receivers are adapted to the emission angles of the dual green light sources. The dual receivers at corresponding angles maximize the reception of reflected green light, matching the spatial distribution of the light sources and reducing light loss.

[0051] The key point of blood pressure measurement based on smart rings in this application is that the pressure applied by the user replaces the pressure generated by traditional inflatable cuffs. Although it is difficult for the user to generate the same amount of pressure on the upper arm as an inflatable cuff, the pressure area of ​​the finger wearing the smart ring is small, and the subcutaneous tissue of the finger is rich in blood vessels and capillary networks. Therefore, only a small amount of external pressure is needed to generate sufficient local pressure to meet the needs of blood pressure measurement.

[0052] For smart rings, the photoplethysmography (PPG) sensor 2 can collect PPG signals, which reflect changes in subcutaneous blood flow under different external pressures. By placing the pressure sensor 3 and the PPG sensor 2 in the annular cavity of the ring body, when the user presses the pressure point, the pressure sensor 3 can be pressed towards the skin, allowing the pressure sensor 3 to detect the external pressure applied by the user in real time. At the same time, the PPG sensor 2 can collect PPG signals under different external pressures.

[0053] Specifically, since the photoplethysmography (PPG) sensor 2 includes a transmitter and a photodetector, the pressure sensor 3 can be positioned between the transmitter and the photodetector. The pressure sensor 3 can also be coaxially positioned with the transmitter in the PPG sensor 2; the pressure sensor 3 can also be coaxially positioned with the photodetector in the PPG sensor 2.

[0054] In other embodiments, the coaxial arrangement of the pressure sensor 3 and the transmitter in the photoplethysmography (PPG) sensor 2 means that the pressure sensor 3 and the first transmitter 21 are radially coaxial. That is, the pressure sensor 3 can be positioned above or below the first transmitter 21.

[0055] In other embodiments, the coaxial arrangement of the pressure sensor 3 and the photodetector 22 in the photoplethysmography (PPG) sensor 2 means that the pressure sensor 3 and the photodetector 22 are radially coaxial. That is, the pressure sensor 3 can be positioned above or below the photodetector 22.

[0056] In some embodiments, the photoplethysmography (PPG) sensor 2 is disposed in the annular cavity on the side closer to the inner ring of the finger ring, and the pressure sensor 3 is disposed in the annular cavity on the side farther from the inner ring of the finger ring. Since the PPG sensor 2 acquires the PPG signal through a light source and a photodetector, the pressure sensor 3 needs to be disposed below the PPG sensor to avoid obstructing the light emitted by the light source; that is, the PPG sensor is disposed on the side closer to the inner ring of the finger ring, and the pressure sensor 3 is disposed on the side farther from the inner ring of the finger ring.

[0057] In this embodiment, different sensor layouts are adopted based on the type of pressure sensor (transparent or opaque). When the pressure sensor is opaque, it is placed on the side of the annular cavity away from the inner ring of the ring. This not only prevents the pressure sensor from blocking the detection light emitted by the transmitter, but also allows the user to easily detect pressure by pressing or touching the outer ring of the ring while wearing it, ensuring the accuracy and stability of pressure detection and user operation. Simultaneously, fixing the sensor with epoxy resin improves the structural stability and sealing of the sensor inside the ring, enhancing waterproof, dustproof, and impact resistance, and extending its service life. Furthermore, by exposing the outer surface of the pressure sensor to the outer ring of the ring, it ensures that the pressure sensor receives deformation through its outer surface when subjected to pressure, thereby accurately acquiring the pressure signal.

[0058] In other embodiments, the pressure sensor 3 is a transparent pressure sensor, disposed within the annular cavity on the side closer to the inner ring of the ring, while the photoplethysmography (PPG) sensor 2 is disposed within the annular cavity on the side farther from the inner ring of the ring. The outer surface of the pressure sensor 3 is exposed outside the inner ring of the ring, and both the pressure sensor 3 and the PPG sensor 2 are fixed with epoxy resin. In this embodiment, since the pressure sensor 3 is a transparent pressure sensor, it will not block the light emitted by the light source. Therefore, the transparent piezoelectric sensor can be disposed above the PPG sensor, i.e., the transparent piezoelectric sensor is disposed on the side closer to the inner ring of the ring, and the PPG sensor is disposed on the side farther from the inner ring of the ring.

[0059] In this embodiment, different sensor layouts are adopted based on the type of pressure sensor (transparent or non-transparent). When the pressure sensor is transparent, it can be placed in the annular cavity near the inner ring of the ring, ensuring that the detection light emitted by the transmitter is not affected by the pressure sensor, thereby improving signal acquisition accuracy. Simultaneously, fixing the sensor with epoxy resin improves the structural stability and sealing of the sensor inside the ring, enhancing waterproofing, dustproofing, and impact resistance, and extending its service life. Furthermore, by exposing the outer surface of the pressure sensor to the inner ring of the ring, the exposed surface of the pressure sensor is prevented from being cured by the epoxy resin, thus enabling accurate acquisition of pressure signals.

[0060] like Figure 2B and Figure 2C As shown, Figure 2B This is a front view of a smart ring shown in an exemplary embodiment of this application. Figure 2C This is a schematic diagram illustrating the positional structure of the pressure sensor and the photoplethysmography (PPG) sensor, as shown in an exemplary embodiment of this application. Figure 2B and Figure 2C In this design, both the pressure sensor 3 and the photoplethysmography (PPG) sensor 2 are housed within an annular cavity. The pressure sensor 3 is coaxially aligned with the first transmitter 21 of the PPG sensor 2. If the pressure sensor 3 is transparent, it can be positioned above the first transmitter 21; if it is opaque, it can be positioned below the first transmitter 21. Figure 3 and Figure 4 As shown, the pressure sensor 3 can be a transparent pressure sensor, such as a transparent piezoelectric sensor, and therefore the pressure sensor 3 can be arranged coaxially above the first transmitter 21 along the radial direction of the smart ring. In other embodiments, the pressure sensor 3 can also be arranged above the photodetector 22.

[0061] For example, taking the setting position of pressure sensor 3 in a smart ring as 0°, pressure sensor 3 is a transparent piezoelectric sensor. This transparent piezoelectric sensor is set on one side of the inner ring of the smart ring, close to the inner circumference. The first transmitter 21 is coaxially arranged with the transparent piezoelectric sensor along the radial direction of the smart ring, and the first transmitter 21 is located directly below the transparent piezoelectric sensor. Photodetectors 22 are set at a distance of 60° on both sides of the transparent piezoelectric sensor, and second transmitters 23 are set at a distance of 30° on both sides of the transparent piezoelectric sensor.

[0062] In some embodiments, such as Figure 2D As shown, Figure 2D This is an exemplary embodiment of the present application illustrating the application of a guide mark. The outer ring of the ring body 1 also includes a guide mark 4 for indicating the pressing position. The guide mark 4 can be an electronic screen, an LED light mark, a physical hardware mark, a display pattern, etc., without much limitation here. The pressure sensor 3 is radially coaxially arranged with the guide mark 4. In this way, by arranging the pressure sensor and the guide mark radially coaxially, the user can apply targeted pressure based on the position of the guide mark, thereby improving the accuracy of pressure detection.

[0063] For example, combining Figure 2E As shown, Figure 2E This is an exemplary embodiment of the present application illustrating a blood pressure detection application based on a smart ring. Figure 2E In this embodiment, after the user wears the smart ring, external pressure is applied by pressing on the location of the guide marker. Since the pressure sensor and photoplethysmography (PPG) sensor are located in the annular cavity of the ring body, pressing the pressure sensor towards the skin of the wearing area allows the PPG sensor to detect more significant changes in the PPG signal during the pressure application. In this embodiment, the pressure applied by the user replaces the pressure generated by a traditional inflatable cuff, avoiding complex structures such as air pumps, air valves, and airbags, significantly reducing system complexity, size, and weight, making it particularly suitable for miniature wearable devices such as smart rings. Furthermore, since no pneumatic drive components are required, the energy consumption during measurement in this embodiment is low, reducing mechanical wear and airtightness failures, thereby improving the reliability and lifespan of the device, making it suitable for frequent or long-term use scenarios.

[0064] In some embodiments, the smart ring further includes a wireless communication module disposed within the ring body. The smart ring communicates with a terminal device via the wireless communication module to send blood pressure detection results to the terminal device, triggering the terminal device to display the blood pressure detection results in a preset user interface. In other embodiments, the smart ring can also send real-time detected pressure values ​​to the terminal device for display. In the embodiments of this application, displaying blood pressure detection results and pressure values ​​through a user interface helps users smoothly complete the measurement process, reduces operational errors, and improves measurement repeatability and user experience.

[0065] Depending on the implementation requirements, the technical solution of this application can be applied to the smart ring 110, or to the terminal device 120, or can be implemented by both the smart ring 110 and the terminal device 120. This application does not impose any special limitations on this.

[0066] The following section uses the smart ring 110 as the specific execution subject to describe in detail the blood pressure measurement method based on the smart ring proposed in this application embodiment. The terminal device 120, as the execution subject, is similar and will not be described in detail.

[0067] Please continue reading. Figure 3 , Figure 3 This is a flowchart illustrating a blood pressure measurement method based on a smart ring, as shown in an exemplary embodiment of this application. This method can be applied to... Figure 1 The implementation environment shown can be, for example, by Figure 1 The method is executed by the smart ring 110 in the illustrated implementation environment. Of course, this method can also be applied to other implementation environments and executed by smart rings in other implementation environments, and this embodiment does not limit this.

[0068] like Figure 3 As shown, in an exemplary embodiment, the smart ring includes a ring body, a pressure sensor, and a photoplethysmography (PPG) sensor. The pressure sensor and the PPG sensor are coaxially disposed within the ring body along the radial direction of the smart ring. The blood pressure measurement method based on the smart ring includes at least steps S310 to S330, which are described in detail below: Step S310: Acquire a first photoplethysmography (PPG) signal using a photoplethysmography (PPG) sensor. The first PPG signal is the signal when the smart ring is pressed at the pressure position. Acquire the pressure detection value of the smart ring's pressing position using a pressure sensor.

[0069] The pressure state refers to the user applying external pressure towards the skin by pressing the guide marks on the outer surface of the smart ring, causing the pressure sensor to contact the wearing area. In some embodiments, the pressure applied by the user gradually increases, for example, from the initial contact pressure to the pressure value at which the artery is completely compressed.

[0070] In this embodiment, a marker indicating the pressing position can be preset, or it can be left unset. The pressing position is generally set near the pressure sensor and / or photoplethysmography (PPG) sensor to ensure the quality of the acquired signal.

[0071] In other embodiments, the photoplethysmography (PPG) sensor is also used to collect a second PPG signal at the wearing location when the smart ring's pressing position is in an unpressed state. The second PPG signal refers to the PPG signal collected when the smart ring's pressing position is in an unpressed state, that is, the PPG signal collected after the smart ring is worn on the finger without external pressure.

[0072] In other embodiments, after acquiring the first photoplethysmography (PPG) signal, the acquired PPG signal can be denoised, filtered, and smoothed to eliminate noise caused by minor movements of the wearing area, looseness, and ambient light interference, thus restoring the true pulse wave waveform. The preprocessing can employ algorithms adapted to the first PPG signal (such as wavelet denoising and moving average filtering) to specifically process the signal characteristics of the dual-source fusion, ensuring that the waveform's amplitude, inflection points, and vanishing points are clearly distinguishable, thereby improving the accuracy of subsequent blood pressure measurement results.

[0073] Step S320: Determine the first target point and the second target point from the first photoplethysmography signal.

[0074] The first target point is used to represent the signal feature point when the pulse amplitude reaches its maximum value, and the second target point is used to represent the signal feature point when the pulse signal disappears.

[0075] In some embodiments, the first target point corresponds to the peak position of the amplitude peak in the waveform of the first photoplethysmography (PPG). Physiologically, when an artery is subjected to external pressure equal to its mean arterial pressure, the amplitude of vasodilation and vasoconstriction reaches its maximum, resulting in the most significant change in blood volume. Consequently, the amplitude of the first PPG signal reaches its peak, and this feature point has a direct physiological linear correlation with mean arterial pressure. Therefore, when this first target point appears, the pressure applied by the user to the pressing position of the smart ring is equal to the mean arterial pressure of the artery at the wearing location.

[0076] In some embodiments, the second target point corresponds to the initial position in the waveform of the first photoplethysmography (PPG) signal where the amplitude drops to 0 and remains at 0. Physiologically, when the applied external pressure exceeds the systolic blood pressure, the artery is completely compressed, blood cannot pass through the compressed area, blood volume no longer fluctuates with the pulse, and the first PPG signal disappears completely. This characteristic point is the physiological standard characteristic point of systolic blood pressure. Therefore, when this second target point appears, the pressure applied by the user to the pressing position of the smart ring is greater than or equal to the systolic blood pressure of the finger artery.

[0077] As can be seen from the above, the first and second target points selected in this embodiment have a direct and clear physiological correlation with the blood pressure detection results. Unlike the indirect feature points such as "rising edge, dicrotic wave, and waveform width" selected in traditional PPG blood pressure measurement, this embodiment can avoid the correlation error between indirect features and blood pressure detection results caused by individual physiological differences (such as vascular elasticity and degree of arteriosclerosis). The two target points directly correspond to the physiological thresholds of mean arterial pressure and systolic pressure, and are feature anchor points of arterial pressure. The accuracy of subsequent calculation of blood pressure detection results is guaranteed from the source of feature extraction.

[0078] Step S330: Obtain blood pressure detection results based on the pressure detection values ​​corresponding to the first target point and the second target point, and send the blood pressure detection results to the terminal device. The smart ring and the terminal device are connected wirelessly.

[0079] In this embodiment, the core of blood pressure detection based on a smart ring lies in using externally applied pressure to replace the pressure generated by a traditional inflatable cuff, triggering regular changes in the amplitude of arterial blood flow signals at the wearing site. Then, by matching the corresponding pressure values ​​through characteristic points of the signal amplitude (i.e., the first target point and the second target point), the mean arterial pressure and systolic pressure are ultimately anchored. Based on the mean arterial pressure and systolic pressure, the blood pressure detection result can then be accurately calculated.

[0080] The first target point is the signal characteristic point where the amplitude of vasodilation and vasoconstriction reaches its maximum. At this point, the externally applied pressure equals the mean arterial pressure, so the pressure detection value corresponding to the first target point can be directly used as the mean arterial pressure. The second target point is the physiological threshold point where the pulse signal disappears. At this point, the applied pressure value equals the systolic arterial pressure, so the pressure detection value corresponding to the second target point can be directly used as the systolic pressure without additional conversion or fitting.

[0081] In some embodiments, the blood pressure measurement result includes diastolic pressure. After obtaining the pressure measurement value (i.e., mean arterial pressure) corresponding to the first target point and the pressure measurement value (i.e., systolic pressure) corresponding to the second target point, the formula for calculating diastolic pressure can be modified based on the formula for calculating mean arterial pressure.

[0082] For example, the formula for calculating diastolic blood pressure can be expressed as:

[0083] in, Used to indicate diastolic blood pressure Used to represent mean arterial pressure Used to represent systolic pressure.

[0084] In this embodiment, by collecting the first photoplethysmography (PPG) wave signal and pressure detection value under pressure, and then identifying the first target point representing the maximum value of the pulse amplitude and the second target point representing the disappearance of the pulse signal from the first PPG wave signal, a more accurate blood pressure detection result can be obtained based on the pressure detection value corresponding to the first target point and the pressure detection value corresponding to the second target point, thereby improving the accuracy of blood pressure detection and enabling accurate and convenient blood pressure detection for users.

[0085] Please see Figure 4 , Figure 4 A flowchart illustrating another blood pressure measurement method based on a smart ring, provided as an embodiment of this application. Figure 4 As shown, the blood pressure measurement method may include the following steps S410 to S460, which are described in detail below: Step S410: Acquire a first photoplethysmography (PPG) signal using a photoplethysmography (PPG) sensor. The first PPG signal is the signal when the smart ring is pressed at the pressure position. Acquire the pressure detection value of the smart ring's pressing position using a pressure sensor.

[0086] In this embodiment of the application, the specific implementation of step S410 can be found in the following reference. Figure 3 The implementation method of step S310 will not be described in detail here.

[0087] Step S420: Filter the first photoplethysmography (PPG) signal to obtain the AC component of the first PPG signal.

[0088] In this embodiment, the photoplethysmography signal is a photoelectric signal obtained by reflecting light emitted by the photoplethysmography sensor after being reflected by finger tissue. Its original signal is composed of a superposition of a DC component and an AC component.

[0089] The DC component is the baseline value (static component) of the signal. It originates from the non-pulsatile light reflection of light passing through tissues such as finger skin, bones, and resting blood vessels. It only reflects the degree of contact between the sensor and the finger, skin translucency, and basic optical properties of the tissue, and has no direct correlation with pulse pulsation or blood pressure changes.

[0090] The AC component is the fluctuating component of the signal. It is caused by the periodic changes in the volume of blood vessels in the fingertips due to the heartbeat, which in turn causes the periodic fluctuations in the amount of light reflected. It directly corresponds to the pulsating characteristics of the pulse. Its amplitude is positively correlated with the changes in the blood flow volume in the blood vessels. It is the only effective basis for reflecting the pulse amplitude and inferring blood pressure.

[0091] In this embodiment, by filtering the first photoplethysmography pulse wave signal, the two superimposed signals can be separated, eliminating the DC component that has no physiological significance and retaining only the AC component that is strongly correlated with the pulse. This allows subsequent calculations to be performed only on the effective signal, avoiding baseline interference from the original signal and thus improving the accuracy of blood pressure detection results.

[0092] Step S430: Determine the first target point and the second target point from the AC component of the first photoplethysmography signal.

[0093] In this embodiment, by determining the target point based on the separated AC component, the static baseline interference caused by the DC component can be avoided. The difference between the peak and trough of the DC component is the true pulse amplitude. The calculation result is accurate and quantifiable, and can form a direct numerical correlation with the vascular compression state during the pressurization process, providing reliable data for subsequent matching of the correspondence between pulse amplitude and externally applied pressure.

[0094] In some embodiments, combined with Figure 5 As shown, Figure 5 This is a flowchart illustrating a method for determining a first target point, as shown in an exemplary embodiment of this application, which includes at least steps S510 to S520, detailed below: Step S510: Obtain the pulse amplitude corresponding to each pulse cycle under pressure from the AC component.

[0095] In this embodiment, the pulse cycle refers to the blood flow volume fluctuation cycle corresponding to a single heartbeat, which corresponds to a complete "rise-fall" waveform cycle in the AC component of the PPG signal. In this embodiment, the pulse cycle can be divided using a waveform feature recognition algorithm. For example, by using the peak of the AC component signal as the cycle apex and adjacent troughs as cycle boundaries, each complete pulse waveform during the pressurization process can be automatically identified, achieving accurate division of all pulse cycles under full pressure and avoiding missed or incorrect cycle identification.

[0096] In some embodiments, for each identified complete pulse cycle, the pulse amplitude value within that cycle is calculated. During the calculation process, outlier checks can be performed on the peaks and troughs of each cycle to remove outliers caused by finger tremors or circuit noise. The average of adjacent sampling points within the cycle is then used to replace the outliers to ensure the accuracy of the single-cycle amplitude calculation.

[0097] Step S520: The signal feature point corresponding to the maximum pulse amplitude value in the pulse amplitude is taken as the first target point.

[0098] The maximum pulse amplitude is a quantitative representation of the peak value of blood flow volume fluctuation in the fingertips during pressure application, corresponding to the physiological characteristic of optimal vascular perfusion. Optimal perfusion refers to the ideal state in which the blood flow perfusion of subcutaneous arterioles and capillaries in the fingertips is most unobstructed and the blood flow volume fluctuation is largest when the applied pressure and the mean arterial pressure inside the blood vessels are in equilibrium. It is also the physiological state in which the fingertips receive the most sufficient and stable blood perfusion during pressure application.

[0099] In this embodiment, the signal feature point corresponding to the maximum pulse amplitude value in the pulse amplitude is taken as the first target point. This conforms to the core physiological law that when the external pressure is equal to the mean arterial pressure, the external pressure and the internal mean pressure of the blood vessel are balanced, and the blood flow volume fluctuation reaches its peak. This allows the determination of the first target point to directly correspond to the physiological state of optimal blood vessel perfusion, rather than simply the peak value of the signal value, thus ensuring the accuracy of the subsequent systolic blood pressure determination.

[0100] In some embodiments, combined with Figure 6 As shown, Figure 6 This is a flowchart illustrating a method for determining a second target point, as shown in an exemplary embodiment of this application, which includes at least steps S610 to S630, detailed below: Step S610: Obtain the reference pulse amplitude and derive the pulse amplitude reference threshold based on the reference pulse amplitude.

[0101] The reference pulse amplitude refers to the pulse amplitude when the wearing area is not under pressure after wearing the smart ring, that is, the pulse amplitude collected from the AC component of the PPG signal before external pressure is applied (when the external pressure is 0 mmHg).

[0102] The pulse amplitude reference threshold refers to the pulse amplitude at the critical point where the pulse disappears. The critical point where the pulse disappears is the signal characteristic point when the external pressure exceeds the systolic pressure, the artery is completely blocked, blood cannot pass through the compressed area, and the blood volume no longer fluctuates with the pulse.

[0103] In some embodiments, the range of the pulse amplitude reference threshold is [reference pulse amplitude]. 40%, baseline pulse amplitude [60%]. For example, when an artery is about to be completely occluded, the peripheral blood flow perfusion drops sharply to about 50% of the baseline, corresponding to the PPG signal pulse amplitude dropping to 50% of the baseline. Therefore, the pulse amplitude reference threshold can be half of the baseline pulse amplitude.

[0104] In some embodiments, the reference pulse amplitude can be obtained through the following process: Step S611: If the pressing position of the smart ring is not in a pressed state, the second photoplethysmography (PPG) signal is collected by the photoplethysmography sensor.

[0105] Step S612: Filter the second photoplethysmography (PPG) signal to obtain the AC component of the second PPG signal. In some embodiments, such as... Figure 7 As shown, Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the AC component of a second photoplethysmography signal, as shown in an exemplary embodiment of this application.

[0106] Step S613: Obtain the pulse amplitude corresponding to each pulse cycle under unpressurized conditions from the AC component of the second photoplethysmography pulse wave signal.

[0107] Step S614: Calculate the average amplitude of the pulse amplitude corresponding to each pulse cycle under uncompressed state, and use the average amplitude as the reference pulse amplitude.

[0108] In this embodiment, the baseline pulse amplitude is reacquired before each blood pressure measurement. The reference threshold is derived based on the user's baseline blood flow state for this measurement. This can adapt to different users' physiological characteristics (such as vascular elasticity, peripheral circulation state, and skin thickness) and the wearing status of this measurement (such as ring fit and finger placement). This solves the problem that fixed thresholds are inaccurate for judging elderly people with poor peripheral circulation and young people with good vascular elasticity. It allows the threshold to accurately match the actual blood flow state of the user in a single measurement, avoiding the problem of inaccurate blood pressure detection due to cross-scene interference.

[0109] Step S620: Determine signal feature points that match the pulse amplitude reference threshold from the pulse signal attenuation interval after the first target point in the AC component.

[0110] The pulse signal attenuation range after the first target point refers to the range from the first target point until the applied pressure rises to the target value (e.g., 180 mmHg), during which the pulse amplitude in the AC component of the PPG signal continuously and monotonically decreases as the applied pressure increases.

[0111] The signal feature point that matches the pulse amplitude reference threshold refers to the signal feature point in the AC component when the pulse amplitude drops below the pulse amplitude reference threshold, that is, the first signal feature point that reaches the pulse amplitude reference threshold.

[0112] Step S630: The signal feature points that match the pulse amplitude reference threshold are used as the second target points.

[0113] In this embodiment, when a signal feature point in the AC component reaches a value matching the pulse amplitude reference threshold, this point corresponds to the instant when the finger artery just enters the critical state of occlusion, and the deviation between the applied pressure and the user's actual systolic blood pressure is minimal. If subsequent amplitude points within the matching attenuation interval are not matched, the pressure value will be higher than the actual systolic blood pressure due to the continued increase in external pressure and excessive pressure on the blood vessel. In this embodiment, by using the signal feature point matching the pulse amplitude reference threshold as the second target point, the second target point can be directly and accurately matched with the physiological critical value of systolic blood pressure, thus improving the accuracy of systolic blood pressure detection. Furthermore, since the PPG signal within the attenuation interval may experience occasional noise spikes (i.e., a brief increase in pulse amplitude) due to finger tremors or uneven pressure, the noise spikes will not change the overall amplitude attenuation trend or affect the determination of the first threshold matching point, as the second target point is the first signal feature point to reach the pulse amplitude reference threshold. Therefore, these occasional interferences can be effectively filtered out, improving the anti-interference capability of feature point matching.

[0114] In some embodiments, such as Figure 8 As shown, Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the AC component of a first photoplethysmography signal, as shown in an exemplary embodiment of this application. Figure 8 In this embodiment, the signal feature point corresponding to the maximum pulse amplitude value is taken as the first target point, and the pressure detection value corresponding to the first target point is the mean arterial pressure. The signal feature point matching the pulse amplitude reference threshold is taken as the second target point, and the pressure detection value corresponding to the second target point is the systolic blood pressure. In this embodiment, by identifying the maximum pulse amplitude point and the pulse disappearance point, the mean arterial pressure and systolic blood pressure can be accurately obtained, and the diastolic blood pressure can be further calculated subsequently, achieving a measurement accuracy close to that of traditional cuff measurement methods.

[0115] Step S440: The pressure detection value corresponding to the first target point is taken as the mean arterial pressure, and the pressure detection value corresponding to the second target point is taken as the systolic pressure.

[0116] In this embodiment, the mean arterial pressure and systolic pressure are determined by detecting changes in the amplitude of vascular pulses under applied pressure, thus avoiding the uncertainty caused by relying entirely on data-driven models.

[0117] Step S450: Calculate the diastolic pressure based on the mean arterial pressure and systolic pressure.

[0118] Step S460: Use mean arterial pressure, systolic pressure, and diastolic pressure as the blood pressure measurement results.

[0119] In some embodiments, after obtaining the mean arterial pressure and systolic pressure, the formula for calculating the mean arterial pressure can be modified to obtain the formula for calculating the diastolic pressure.

[0120] For example, the formula for calculating diastolic blood pressure can be expressed as:

[0121] in, Used to indicate diastolic blood pressure Used to represent mean arterial pressure Used to represent systolic pressure.

[0122] In this embodiment, on the one hand, the pressure applied by the user replaces the pressure generated by a traditional inflatable cuff, avoiding complex structures such as air pumps, valves, and airbags. This significantly reduces system complexity, size, and weight. The absence of an inflatable cuff simplifies the structure, and the lack of pneumatic drive components results in lower energy consumption during blood pressure detection, reducing mechanical wear and airtightness failures, thus improving device reliability and lifespan, making it suitable for frequent or long-term use. On the other hand, by identifying the first target point (maximum pulse amplitude point) and the second target point (pulse disappearance point), the mean arterial pressure and systolic pressure can be accurately obtained, and diastolic pressure can be further calculated. Within a reasonable pressure range, measurement accuracy close to that of traditional cuff measurement methods can be achieved, ensuring the accuracy of blood pressure detection and enabling accurate and convenient blood pressure monitoring for users. Furthermore, the blood pressure detection results obtained in this embodiment can serve as reliable reference values ​​for calibrating or updating the cuffless continuous blood pressure estimation system based on PPG signals and machine learning models, thereby improving the long-term stability and accuracy of such systems.

[0123] It should be noted that the steps in this embodiment are consistent with the corresponding steps in the foregoing embodiments. Therefore, for a detailed description of these steps, please refer to the description in the foregoing embodiments. This embodiment will not repeat them here.

[0124] In some embodiments, after obtaining the blood pressure test results, the real-time detected pressure value, blood pressure test results, and prompts to guide the user to perform blood pressure tests can also be displayed through a preset user interface.

[0125] In this embodiment, the preset user interface refers to the display page of the application used in conjunction with the smart ring. This application can be installed on a terminal device, such as a mobile phone or tablet. The smart ring communicates with the terminal device via a wireless communication module, such as a Bluetooth module, to send the blood pressure detection results to the terminal device, triggering the terminal device to display the blood pressure detection results in the preset user interface. In some embodiments, the blood pressure detection results include systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, and mean arterial pressure.

[0126] For example, such as Figure 9 to Figure 11 As shown, Figure 9This is an application schematic diagram illustrating the first page of the user interface in an exemplary embodiment of this application. Figure 10 This is an exemplary embodiment of the present application illustrating the application of a second page of a user interface. Figure 11 This is an exemplary embodiment of the present application illustrating the third page of a user interface.

[0127] like Figure 9 As shown, the first page of the user interface displays prompts to guide the user in blood pressure testing. In some embodiments, the first prompts to guide the user in blood pressure testing are displayed through a preset user interface in the terminal device; wherein, the first prompts include prompts to guide the user to place the wearing part of the smart ring at the same level as the heart for data collection, and the first prompts include at least one of text prompts, image prompts, and audio prompts.

[0128] For example, the prompt message guiding users to perform blood pressure testing could be "Please keep the hand wearing the ring level with your heart," reminding users to keep their hands at roughly the same height as their heart. This eliminates the additional influence of gravity on the hydrostatic pressure of blood in the blood vessels, allowing the measured blood pressure value to closely match the body's true physiological blood pressure and avoiding significant measurement errors. Figure 9 The system also includes a status component to detect whether the quality of the acquired PPG signal is acceptable. If the acquired PPG signal quality is acceptable, the status component will display the first status and guide the user to the next page, which is the second page that prompts the user to apply external pressure. If the acquired PPG signal quality is unacceptable, the status component will display the second status and prompt the user again to keep their hands at approximately the same height as their heart.

[0129] like Figure 10 As shown, the second page of the user interface displays prompts guiding the user to press the guide mark on the smart ring to apply external pressure. In some embodiments, a second prompt is displayed through a preset user interface in the terminal device to guide the user to perform blood pressure monitoring; wherein, the second prompt includes prompts instructing the user to apply pressure to the guide mark on the smart ring, and the second prompt includes at least one of text prompts, image prompts, and audio prompts.

[0130] For example, prompts guiding users to press the guide marker on the smart ring to apply external pressure could include "Please press the guide marker with your finger" and "Please adjust the applied pressure according to the instructions below." Furthermore, the second page displays a pressure detection value display component, which shows the pressure detection value collected by the pressure sensor and the reference pressure value in real time. This guides users to adjust the applied pressure based on the reference pressure value and the real-time displayed pressure detection value, helping them gradually and smoothly increase the pressing pressure and complete the measurement process.

[0131] like Figure 11 As shown, the third page of the user interface is an application schematic diagram for displaying blood pressure test results. In some embodiments, the blood pressure test results, including systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, and mean arterial pressure, are displayed on the third page. Furthermore, it includes "Retest" and "Return to Homepage" functional components. "Retest" is used to retest the systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, and mean arterial pressure, while "Return to Homepage" is used to return to the application's homepage.

[0132] In this embodiment, the application used in conjunction with the smart ring provides real-time guidance to the user, including hand position prompts and visual feedback on pressure intensity, which helps the user smoothly complete the blood pressure measurement process, reduces operational errors, and improves measurement repeatability and user experience.

[0133] It should be noted that the first prompt message used to guide users to perform blood pressure testing, and the second prompt message used to guide users to perform blood pressure testing, can be displayed on the same page, or the first prompt message can be displayed first and then the second prompt message; or the second prompt message can be displayed first and then the first prompt message. There is no limitation on the display format.

[0134] In some embodiments, when the terminal device 120 is used as the specific execution subject, the blood pressure measurement method of the smart ring includes: The terminal device acquires the first photoplethysmography (PPG) signal collected by the PPG sensor, which is the signal when the smart ring is pressed at the pressure position; the terminal device also acquires the pressure detection value of the smart ring's pressing position collected by the pressure sensor. A first target point and a second target point are determined from the first photoplethysmography pulse wave signal; wherein, the first target point is used to represent the signal feature point when the pulse amplitude reaches its maximum value, and the second target point is used to represent the signal feature point when the pulse signal disappears; Blood pressure test results are obtained based on the pressure detection values ​​corresponding to the first target point and the second target point.

[0135] In this embodiment of the application, the smart ring only serves as a data acquisition device. After the photoplethysmography (PPG) sensor in the smart ring acquires the first PPG signal and the pressure sensor acquires the pressure detection value at the pressing position of the smart ring, the first PPG signal and the pressure detection value are sent to the terminal device. The terminal device determines the first target point and the second target point from the first PPG signal, and then obtains the blood pressure detection result based on the pressure detection value corresponding to the first target point and the pressure detection value corresponding to the second target point. This allows the terminal device to complete complex blood pressure calculations and processing, reducing the hardware cost and power consumption of the smart ring. At the same time, through the correlation analysis between the feature points of the PPG signal and the corresponding pressure detection values, the accuracy and stability of blood pressure detection are improved, realizing convenient, lightweight, and wearable continuous blood pressure monitoring.

[0136] It should be noted that the steps in this embodiment are consistent with the corresponding steps in the foregoing embodiments. Therefore, for a detailed description of these steps, please refer to the description in the foregoing embodiments. This embodiment will not repeat them here.

[0137] Combination Figure 12 As shown, Figure 12 This is a structural diagram illustrating a smart ring-based blood pressure measuring device, as shown in an exemplary embodiment of this application. Figure 12 As shown, the exemplary blood pressure measuring device specifically includes: a data acquisition module 1210, a determination module 1220, and a calculation module 1230. The data acquisition module 1210 is configured to acquire a first photoplethysmography (PPG) signal via a photoplethysmography sensor, the first PPG signal being the signal when the smart ring's pressing position is under pressure; and to acquire the pressure detection value of the smart ring's pressing position via a pressure sensor. The determination module 1220 is configured to determine a first target point and a second target point from the first PPG signal; wherein the first target point represents the signal feature point when the pulse amplitude reaches its maximum value, and the second target point represents the signal feature point when the pulse signal disappears. The calculation module 1230 is configured to obtain a blood pressure detection result based on the pressure detection value corresponding to the first target point and the pressure detection value corresponding to the second target point, and send the blood pressure detection result to a terminal device. The smart ring and the terminal device are connected wirelessly.

[0138] In another exemplary embodiment, the blood pressure measuring device based on a smart ring further includes a display module, which is configured to display first prompt information for guiding the user to perform blood pressure testing through a preset user interface in the terminal device before acquiring the first photoplethysmography (PPG) signal via the PPG sensor. The first prompt information includes prompts for the user to place the wearing part of the smart ring at the same level as the heart for data acquisition, and the first prompt information includes at least one of text prompts, image prompts, and audio prompts.

[0139] In another exemplary embodiment, the display module is further configured to display a second prompt message for guiding the user to perform blood pressure detection through a preset user interface in the terminal device before the first photoplethysmography (PPG) signal is acquired by the PPG sensor; wherein the second prompt message includes prompting the user to apply pressure to the guide mark position of the smart ring, and the second prompt message includes at least one of text prompts, image prompts, and audio prompts.

[0140] In another exemplary embodiment, the display module is further configured to display the pressure detection value and reference pressure value collected by the pressure sensor in real time through a preset user interface in the terminal device, so as to guide the user to adjust the applied pressure based on the reference pressure value and the real-time displayed pressure detection value.

[0141] In another exemplary embodiment, the display module is further configured to display blood pressure detection results, including systolic pressure, diastolic pressure, and mean arterial pressure, through a preset user interface in the terminal device.

[0142] In another exemplary embodiment, the blood pressure detection result includes diastolic pressure. The calculation module 1230 is configured to obtain the blood pressure detection result based on the pressure detection value corresponding to the first target point and the pressure detection value corresponding to the second target point in the following manner: taking the pressure detection value corresponding to the first target point as the mean arterial pressure and the pressure detection value corresponding to the second target point as the systolic pressure; calculating the diastolic pressure based on the mean arterial pressure and the systolic pressure; and taking the mean arterial pressure, systolic pressure, and diastolic pressure as the blood pressure detection result.

[0143] It should be noted that the blood pressure measuring device based on a smart ring provided in the above embodiments and the blood pressure measuring method based on a smart ring provided in the above embodiments belong to the same concept. The specific ways in which each module and unit performs its operation have been described in detail in the method embodiments, and will not be repeated here. In practical applications, the blood pressure measuring device based on a smart ring provided in the above embodiments can be assigned to different functional modules as needed, that is, the internal structure of the device can be divided into different functional modules to complete all or part of the functions described above. This is not a limitation.

[0144] Embodiments of this application also provide an electronic device, including: one or more processors; and a storage device for storing one or more programs, which, when executed by the one or more processors, cause the electronic device to implement the blood pressure measurement method based on a smart ring provided in the above embodiments.

[0145] Figure 13 A schematic diagram of a computer system suitable for implementing the embodiments of this application is shown. It should be noted that... Figure 13 The computer system 1300 of the electronic device shown is merely an example and should not impose any limitation on the functionality and scope of use of the embodiments of this application.

[0146] like Figure 13 As shown, the computer system 1300 includes a Central Processing Unit (CPU) 1301, which can perform various appropriate actions and processes based on programs stored in Read-Only Memory (ROM) 1302 or programs loaded from storage portion 1308 into Random Access Memory (RAM) 1303, such as performing the methods described in the above embodiments. Various programs and data required for system operation are also stored in RAM 1303. The CPU 1301, ROM 1302, and RAM 1303 are interconnected via bus 1304. An Input / Output (I / O) interface 1305 is also connected to bus 1304.

[0147] The following components are connected to I / O interface 1305: an input section 1306 including a keyboard, mouse, etc.; an output section 1307 including a cathode ray tube (CRT), liquid crystal display (LCD), etc., and speakers, etc.; a storage section 1308 including a hard disk, etc.; and a communication section 1309 including a model interface card such as a LAN (Local Area Network) card, modem, etc. The communication section 1309 performs communication processing via a model such as the Internet. A drive 1310 is also connected to I / O interface 1305 as needed. Removable media 1311, such as a disk, optical disk, magneto-optical disk, semiconductor memory, etc., are installed on drive 1310 as needed so that computer programs read from them can be installed into storage section 1308 as needed.

[0148] Specifically, according to embodiments of this application, the processes described above with reference to the flowcharts can be implemented as computer software programs. For example, embodiments of this application include a computer program product comprising a computer program carried on a computer-readable medium, the computer program including a computer program for performing the methods shown in the flowcharts. In such embodiments, the computer program can be downloaded and installed from the model via communication section 1309, and / or installed from removable medium 1311. When the computer program is executed by central processing unit (CPU) 1301, it performs various functions defined in the system of this application.

[0149] It should be noted that the computer-readable medium shown in the embodiments of this application can be a computer-readable signal medium or a computer-readable storage medium, or any combination of the two. A computer-readable storage medium can be, for example, an electrical, magnetic, optical, electromagnetic, infrared, or semiconductor system, apparatus, or device, or any combination thereof. More specific examples of a computer-readable storage medium may include, but are not limited to: an electrical connection having one or more wires, a portable computer disk, a hard disk, random access memory (RAM), read-only memory (ROM), erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM), flash memory, optical fiber, portable compact disc read-only memory (CD-ROM), optical storage device, magnetic storage device, or any suitable combination thereof. In this application, a computer-readable signal medium may include a data signal propagated in baseband or as part of a carrier wave, carrying a computer-readable computer program. Such propagated data signals can take various forms, including but not limited to electromagnetic signals, optical signals, or any suitable combination thereof. Computer-readable signal media can also be any computer-readable medium other than computer-readable storage media, which can send, propagate, or transmit a program for use by or in connection with an instruction execution system, apparatus, or device. The computer program contained on the computer-readable medium can be transmitted using any suitable medium, including but not limited to wireless, wired, etc., or any suitable combination thereof.

[0150] Another aspect of this application provides a computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program that, when executed by a processor, implements the blood pressure measurement method based on a smart ring as described above. This computer-readable storage medium may be included in the electronic device described in the above embodiments, or it may exist independently and not assembled into the electronic device.

[0151] Another aspect of this application provides a computer program product or computer program including computer instructions stored in a computer-readable storage medium. A processor of a computer device reads the computer instructions from the computer-readable storage medium and executes the computer instructions, causing the computer device to perform the smart ring-based blood pressure measurement method provided in the various embodiments described above.

[0152] The above description is merely a preferred exemplary embodiment of this application and is not intended to limit the implementation of this application. Those skilled in the art can easily make corresponding modifications or alterations based on the main concept and spirit of this application. Therefore, the scope of protection of this application should be determined by the scope of protection claimed in the claims.

[0153] It is understood that in the specific embodiments of this application, test data related to smart rings (such as photoplethysmography signals, pressure detection values, and blood pressure detection results) are involved. When the above embodiments of this application are applied to specific products or technologies, user permission or consent is required, and the collection, use, and processing of related data must comply with the relevant laws, regulations, and standards of the relevant countries and regions.

Claims

1. A smart ring, characterized in that, include: The ring body includes an annular inner cavity formed by an outer ring and an inner ring; A photoplethysmography (PPG) sensor is located in the annular cavity. The PPG sensor is used to collect a first PPG signal, which is the signal when the smart ring is in a press-down state. A pressure sensor is located in the annular inner cavity. The pressure sensor is used to detect the pressure at the pressing position of the smart ring. The central angle between the location of the pressure sensor and the location of the photoplethysmography sensor is less than a preset angle. The processor, located in the annular cavity, is used to determine a first target point and a second target point from the first photoplethysmography signal, and to obtain a blood pressure detection result based on the pressure detection value corresponding to the first target point and the pressure detection value corresponding to the second target point.

2. The smart ring according to claim 1, characterized in that, The outer ring of the ring also includes a guide mark for indicating the pressing position, and the pressure sensor is radially coaxial with the guide mark.

3. The smart ring according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The photoplethysmography (PPG) sensor is located in the annular cavity on the side closer to the inner ring of the finger ring, and the pressure sensor is located in the annular cavity on the side farther away from the inner ring of the finger ring.

4. The smart ring according to claim 3, characterized in that, The outer surface of the pressure sensor is exposed on the outer ring of the ring, and the pressure sensor and the photoplethysmography sensor are fixed with epoxy resin.

5. The smart ring according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The pressure sensor is a transparent pressure sensor, which is disposed in the annular cavity on the side close to the inner ring of the finger ring, while the photoplethysmography (PPG) sensor is disposed in the annular cavity on the side away from the inner ring of the finger ring.

6. The smart ring according to claim 5, characterized in that, The outer surface of the pressure sensor is exposed on the inner ring of the ring, and the pressure sensor and the photoplethysmography sensor are fixed with epoxy resin.

7. The smart ring according to claim 1, characterized in that, The photoplethysmography sensor includes a transmitter and a photodetector. The pressure sensor is located between the transmitter and the photoelectric receiver; Alternatively, the pressure sensor may be coaxially mounted with the transmitter; Alternatively, the pressure sensor and the photoelectric receiver may be coaxially arranged.

8. The smart ring according to claim 1, characterized in that, The photoplethysmography sensor includes at least two transmitters and at least two photodetectors; The at least two transmitters are located between the at least two photoelectric receivers; The pressure sensor is located between the at least two photodetectors.

9. The smart ring according to claim 1, characterized in that, The photoplethysmography sensor is also used to collect a second photoplethysmography signal, wherein the first photoplethysmography signal is the signal when the smart ring is in an unpressed state.

10. The smart ring according to claim 1, characterized in that, The smart ring also includes a wireless communication module, which is disposed within the ring body. The smart ring is used to communicate with a terminal device through the wireless communication module to send the blood pressure detection result to the terminal device and trigger the terminal device to display the blood pressure detection result in a preset user interface.

11. A method for measuring blood pressure based on a smart ring according to any one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that, Applied to a terminal device, the method includes: The terminal device acquires the first photoplethysmography (PPG) signal collected by the PPG sensor, where the first PPG signal is the signal when the smart ring is in a press position; the terminal device also acquires the pressure detection value of the smart ring's press position collected by the pressure sensor. A first target point and a second target point are determined from the first photoplethysmography pulse wave signal; wherein, the first target point is used to represent the signal feature point when the pulse amplitude reaches its maximum value, and the second target point is used to represent the signal feature point when the pulse signal disappears; Blood pressure detection results are obtained based on the pressure detection values ​​corresponding to the first target point and the second target point.

12. A method for measuring blood pressure based on a smart ring according to any one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that, Applied to smart rings, the method includes: The first photoplethysmography (PPG) signal is acquired by the photoplethysmography sensor, which is the signal when the smart ring is pressed at the pressing position; the pressure sensor acquires the pressure detection value at the pressing position of the smart ring. A first target point and a second target point are determined from the first photoplethysmography pulse wave signal; wherein, the first target point is used to represent the signal feature point when the pulse amplitude reaches its maximum value, and the second target point is used to represent the signal feature point when the pulse signal disappears; Blood pressure detection results are obtained based on the pressure detection values ​​corresponding to the first target point and the second target point, and the blood pressure detection results are sent to the terminal device. The smart ring is connected to the terminal device via wireless communication.

13. The method according to claim 12, characterized in that, Before acquiring the first photoplethysmography (PPG) signal via the PPG sensor, the method further includes: The terminal device displays a first prompt message to guide the user to perform blood pressure testing through a preset user interface; wherein, the first prompt message includes prompts to the user to place the wearing part of the smart ring at the same level as the heart for data collection, and the first prompt message includes at least one of text prompts, image prompts, and audio prompts.

14. The method according to any one of claims 12-13, characterized in that, Before acquiring the first photoplethysmography (PPG) signal via the PPG sensor, the method further includes: The terminal device displays a second prompt message to guide the user to perform blood pressure testing through a preset user interface; wherein the second prompt message includes prompts to the user to apply pressure to the guide mark position of the smart ring, and the second prompt message includes at least one of text prompts, image prompts, and audio prompts.

15. The method according to claim 12, characterized in that, The method further includes: The pressure sensor collects the pressure detection value and reference pressure value in real time through a preset user interface in the terminal device, so as to guide the user to adjust the applied pressure based on the reference pressure value and the real-time pressure detection value.

16. The method according to claim 12, characterized in that, The method further includes: The blood pressure test results are displayed through a preset user interface in the terminal device. The blood pressure test results include systolic pressure, diastolic pressure, and mean arterial pressure.

17. The method according to claim 12, characterized in that, The step of obtaining the blood pressure detection result based on the pressure detection value corresponding to the first target point and the pressure detection value corresponding to the second target point includes: The pressure detection value corresponding to the first target point is taken as the mean arterial pressure, and the pressure detection value corresponding to the second target point is taken as the systolic pressure; The diastolic pressure is calculated based on the mean arterial pressure and the systolic pressure. The mean arterial pressure, the systolic pressure, and the diastolic pressure are used as the blood pressure measurement results.

18. A blood pressure measuring device based on a smart ring, characterized in that, include: The acquisition module is configured to acquire a first photoplethysmography (PPG) signal via the PPG sensor, wherein the first PPG signal is the signal when the smart ring is pressed at the press position; and to acquire the pressure detection value of the press position of the smart ring via the pressure sensor. The determination module is configured to determine a first target point and a second target point from the first photoplethysmography pulse wave signal; wherein the first target point is used to represent the signal feature point when the pulse amplitude reaches its maximum value, and the second target point is used to represent the signal feature point when the pulse signal disappears; The calculation module is configured to obtain a blood pressure detection result based on the pressure detection value corresponding to the first target point and the pressure detection value corresponding to the second target point, and send the blood pressure detection result to the terminal device. The smart ring is connected to the terminal device via wireless communication.

19. An electronic device, characterized in that, include: One or more processors; A storage device for storing one or more programs that, when executed by the one or more processors, cause the electronic device to implement the blood pressure measurement method as claimed in claim 11, or to implement the blood pressure measurement method as claimed in any one of claims 12 to 17.

20. A computer-readable storage medium, characterized in that, It stores computer-readable instructions that, when executed by the computer's processor, cause the computer to perform the blood pressure measurement method as described in claim 11, or the blood pressure measurement method as described in any one of claims 12 to 17.

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