Bionic mitochondrial inner membrane type high heat transfer hydrogen storage reactor and hydrogen storage method

Abstract

According to the bionic mitochondrial inner membrane type high-heat-transfer hydrogen storage reactor and the hydrogen storage method provided by the invention, a crest-shaped form of a biological mitochondrial inner membrane is simulated to form a pleated structure, so that the effective heat transfer area is greatly increased in a limited tank body space, and heat can be more uniformly distributed in a hydrogen storage material area and a phase change material area; therefore, the common local overheating or supercooling phenomenon in the traditional cylindrical reactor is avoided. Compared with a traditional reactor, the bionic design not only improves the heat transfer performance, but also reduces the thermal resistance through structural optimization, so that the reactor shows higher response speed and higher hydrogen storage capacity in hydrogenation and dehydrogenation processes.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of hydrogen reactor technology, specifically relating to a biomimetic mitochondrial inner membrane high heat transfer hydrogen storage reactor and hydrogen storage method. Background Technology

[0002] Hydrogen energy is a clean energy source and is strategically important in achieving carbon neutrality, but its large-scale application highly depends on efficient and safe storage technologies. In the hydrogen storage process, metal hydride hydrogen storage reactors are key equipment for achieving efficient hydrogen storage and stable release, and their performance directly affects whether hydrogen energy can be commercialized on a large scale.

[0003] Metal hydride hydrogen storage reactors operate based on the principle of gas-solid reversible reaction: during hydrogenation, the metal hydride reacts with hydrogen, releasing a large amount of heat; during dehydrogenation, heat is absorbed. This strong thermal effect requires the reactor to have excellent heat transfer performance to ensure the continuous reaction. These reactors achieve high safety and high volumetric hydrogen storage density by storing hydrogen in solid form within a metal alloy. However, temperature fluctuations during the reaction process can easily lead to localized overheating or undercooling, inhibiting the reaction rate.

[0004] Currently, most common metal hydride hydrogen storage reactors are cylindrical reactors, which have the advantages of simple structure and low cost, and are widely used. However, due to their limited heat transfer area, heat tends to concentrate in the central area, while the peripheral phase change material cannot effectively absorb the heat, which easily causes local high temperature and reaction inhibition, significantly reducing hydrogen storage efficiency and reaction rate, and seriously restricting their application in the hydrogen energy industry. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To address the technical problem that existing metal hydride hydrogen storage reactors are mostly cylindrical reactors, which have limited heat transfer area and tend to concentrate heat in the central region, while the peripheral phase change material cannot effectively absorb the heat, easily causing local high temperature and reaction inhibition, significantly reducing hydrogen storage efficiency and reaction rate, and severely restricting their application in the hydrogen energy industry, this invention provides a biomimetic mitochondrial inner membrane high heat transfer hydrogen storage reactor and hydrogen storage method.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution: A biomimetic mitochondrial inner membrane high heat transfer hydrogen storage reactor includes a cylindrical tank, a hydrogen delivery pipe disposed at the center of the tank, and a heat exchange structure distributed between the tank and the hydrogen delivery pipe. The heat exchange structure is a biomimetic mitochondrial inner membrane fold structure, which is composed of multiple cristae distributed along the extension direction of the hydrogen delivery pipe. The space between the heat exchange structure and the hydrogen pipeline is filled with hydrogen storage material; The heat exchange structure and the inner wall of the tank are filled with a phase change material.

[0007] Optionally, the ridges are uniformly distributed along the extension direction of the hydrogen transport pipe, and the aspect ratio of the ridges is: Where LRR is the length-to-diameter ratio of the ridge; a is the radial length of the ridge; R is the inner diameter of the tank; and r is the outer diameter of the hydrogen delivery pipe, all in mm. And it satisfies 0.625≤LRR<0.875.

[0008] Optionally, the number of turns of the crest is: Where N is the number of turns of the ridge, H is the height of the tank, and b is the height of the ridge in the direction of the hydrogen pipeline extension, in mm; And it satisfies 12≤N<20.

[0009] Optionally, the hydrogen storage material is LaNi5, the phase change material includes lithium nitrate trihydrate, and the heat release of the hydrogen storage material and the heat storage of the phase change material are approximately equal through volume matching to satisfy heat balance.

[0010] Optionally, the hydrogen transport pipe includes an interface pipe and a network pipe section; The connecting port is located at the center of the upper side of the tank and connects the outside and inside of the tank. The network pipe is located inside the tank and is connected to the interface pipe.

[0011] Secondly, this invention provides a hydrogen storage method based on the aforementioned biomimetic mitochondrial inner membrane high heat transfer hydrogen storage reactor, comprising: The biomimetic mitochondrial inner membrane fold structure formed by the cristae optimizes the heat transfer pathway during hydrogen absorption and release. Hydrogen absorption process: At the initial hydrogen absorption temperature of the phase change material, hydrogen is injected into the tank through the hydrogen delivery pipe to start the hydrogen storage reaction. The hydrogen diffuses through the network section of the hydrogen delivery pipe to the hydrogen storage material bed and reacts with the hydrogen storage material in an exothermic reaction. The radially extending three-dimensional structure of the ridges transfers the heat generated by the reaction to the phase change material layer, causing the phase change material to gradually change from solid to liquid and absorb the heat of reaction. Hydrogen release process: At the initial hydrogen release temperature of the phase change material, hydrogen is released from the tank through the hydrogen delivery pipe to start the hydrogen release reaction. The hydrogen storage material undergoes an endothermic reaction. The heat required for the endothermic reaction of the hydrogen storage material is transferred back from the phase change material through the crest to maintain a stable reaction temperature. The phase change material gradually changes from a liquid state to a solid state, releasing heat. The phase change material maintains the temperature inside the tank stable near the phase change temperature by storing and releasing heat, thus avoiding local overheating or overcooling.

[0012] Optionally, during the hydrogen absorption process, the initial hydrogen absorption temperature is the phase change temperature of the phase change material minus 3K to 7K, ensuring that the phase change material is in a pure solid state, which is conducive to phase change heat storage. During the hydrogen release process, the initial hydrogen release temperature is the phase change temperature of the phase change material plus 3K to 7K, ensuring that the phase change material is in a pure liquid state, which is conducive to the phase change heat release.

[0013] Optionally, the radially extending structure of the crest forms multi-stage heat transfer channels during the hydrogen absorption and hydrogen release processes, enabling the phase change material to undergo a uniform phase change.

[0014] Optionally, during the hydrogen absorption process, the reaction fraction of the hydrogen storage material gradually increases from the inside to the outside along the extension direction of the crest, and the reaction rate gradually increases.

[0015] Optionally, during the hydrogen release process, the reaction fraction of the hydrogen storage material gradually decreases from the inside to the outside along the extension direction of the crest, while the phase change process of the phase change material is coordinated with heat transfer to maintain temperature stability.

[0016] The beneficial effects of this invention are: This invention provides a biomimetic mitochondrial inner membrane-like high-heat-transfer hydrogen storage reactor and method. By mimicking the cristae morphology of the mitochondrial inner membrane to form a pleated structure, the effective heat transfer area is significantly increased within a limited tank space. This allows heat to be more evenly distributed between the hydrogen storage material region and the phase change material region, thus avoiding the localized overheating or undercooling phenomena commonly found in traditional cylindrical reactors. Specifically, the cristae extend along the hydrogen delivery pipe, ensuring the synergistic optimization of the hydrogen flow path and the heat transfer path, promoting rapid heat exchange during the reaction process. The hydrogen storage material fills the space between the heat exchange structure and the hydrogen delivery pipe, while the phase change material fills the space between the heat exchange structure and the inner wall of the tank. This layered layout utilizes the biomimetic characteristics of the pleated structure to enhance the coupling effect between hydrogen storage heat release and phase change heat storage. In practical applications, this structure can effectively reduce the heat storage dead zone, allowing the phase change material to participate more fully in thermal management, thereby maintaining the stability of the reaction temperature and improving the continuity and efficiency of the hydrogen storage reaction. Compared to traditional reactors, this biomimetic design not only improves heat transfer performance but also reduces thermal resistance through structural optimization, enabling the reactor to exhibit faster response speed and higher hydrogen storage capacity during hydrogenation and dehydrogenation processes. Attached Figure Description

[0017] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the external appearance of the biomimetic mitochondrial inner membrane high heat transfer hydrogen storage reactor in this invention. Figure 2 This is an internal schematic diagram of the biomimetic mitochondrial inner membrane high heat transfer hydrogen storage reactor in this invention. Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of establishing a conventional cylindrical reactor in Example 1 of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the biomimetic mitochondrial inner membrane high heat transfer hydrogen storage reactor established in Example 1 of the present invention. Figure 5 This is a graph showing the reaction rate results obtained from the experiment in Example 1 of this invention; Figure 6 This is a graph showing the time required for different reaction fractions obtained in Example 1 of the present invention; Figure 7 This is a diagram of bed temperature and phase change material temperature obtained from the experiment in Example 1 of this invention; Figure 8 This is a cloud map showing the bed temperature and phase change material temperature distribution obtained from the experiment in Example 1 of this invention; Figure 9 This is a cloud map of the reaction fraction distribution obtained from the experiment in Example 1 of this invention; Figure 10 This is a cloud map of the liquid phase fraction distribution obtained from the experiment in Example 1 of this invention; Figure 11 This is the reaction fraction diagram obtained from the experiment in Example 2 of this invention; Figure 12 This is the liquid phase fraction diagram obtained from the experiment in Example 2 of this invention; Figure 13 This is a diagram of bed temperature and phase change material temperature obtained from the experiment in Example 2 of this invention; Figure 14 This is a cloud map of the reaction fraction distribution obtained from the experiment in Example 2 of this invention; Figure 15 This is a cloud map of the liquid phase fraction distribution obtained from the experiment in Example 2 of this invention; Figure 16 This is a reaction fraction diagram obtained from the experiment in Example 3 of this invention; Figure 17 This is the liquid phase fraction diagram obtained from the experiment in Example 3 of this invention; Figure 18 This is a diagram of bed temperature and phase change material temperature obtained from the experiment in Example 3 of this invention; Figure 19 This is a cloud map showing the bed temperature and phase change material temperature distribution obtained from the experiment in Example 3 of this invention.

[0018] The components include: 1. Tank body; 2. Hydrogen transmission pipe; 21. Interface pipe; 22. Network pipe section; 3. Heat exchange structure; 31. Ridge; 4. Hydrogen storage material; 5. Phase change material. Detailed Implementation

[0019] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. The following description of at least one exemplary embodiment is merely illustrative and is in no way intended to limit the present invention or its application or use. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0020] It should be noted that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to limit the scope of exemplary embodiments according to the invention. As used herein, the singular form is intended to include the plural form as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. Furthermore, it should be understood that when the terms "comprising" and / or "including" are used in this specification, they indicate the presence of features, steps, operations, devices, components, and / or combinations thereof.

[0021] Unless otherwise specifically stated, the relative arrangement, numerical expressions, and values ​​of the components and steps set forth in these embodiments do not limit the scope of the invention. It should also be understood that, for ease of description, the dimensions of the various parts shown in the drawings are not drawn to actual scale. Techniques, methods, and devices known to those skilled in the art may not be discussed in detail, but where appropriate, such techniques, methods, and devices should be considered part of the specification. In all examples shown and discussed herein, any specific values ​​should be interpreted as merely exemplary and not as limitations. Therefore, other examples of exemplary embodiments may have different values. It should be noted that similar reference numerals and letters in the following figures denote similar items; therefore, once an item is defined in one figure, it need not be further discussed in subsequent figures.

[0022] In the description of this invention, it should be understood that the orientation or positional relationship indicated by directional terms such as "front, back, up, down, left, right", "horizontal, vertical, horizontal" and "top, bottom" is generally based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, and is only for the convenience of describing this invention and simplifying the description. Unless otherwise stated, these directional terms do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation on the scope of protection of this invention. The directional terms "inner" and "outer" refer to the inner and outer contours relative to the outline of each component itself.

[0023] For ease of description, spatial relative terms such as "above," "on top of," "on the upper surface of," "above," etc., are used herein to describe the spatial positional relationship of a device or feature as shown in the figures to other devices or features. It should be understood that spatial relative terms are intended to encompass different orientations in use or operation beyond the orientation of the device as described in the figures. For example, if the device in the figures were inverted, a device described as "above" or "on top of" other devices or structures would subsequently be positioned as "below" or "under" other devices or structures. Thus, the exemplary term "above" can include both "above" and "below." The device may also be positioned in other different ways (rotated 90 degrees or in other orientations), and the spatial relative descriptions used herein will be interpreted accordingly.

[0024] Example 1 See Figure 1 The diagram shows a schematic of the biomimetic mitochondrial inner membrane high heat transfer hydrogen storage reactor provided in this invention, including a cylindrical tank 1, a hydrogen delivery pipe 2 disposed in the center of the tank 1, and a heat exchange structure 3 distributed between the tank 1 and the hydrogen delivery pipe 2. The heat exchange structure 3 is a biomimetic mitochondrial inner membrane fold structure, which is composed of multiple crests 31 distributed along the extension direction of the hydrogen delivery pipe 2. The space between the heat exchange structure 3 and the hydrogen pipeline 2 is filled with hydrogen storage material 4; The space between the heat exchange structure 3 and the inner wall of the tank 1 is filled with phase change material 5.

[0025] In this embodiment, a pleated structure is formed by mimicking the crest-like morphology of the inner membrane of biological mitochondria, significantly increasing the effective heat transfer area within the limited space of the tank 1. This allows heat to be distributed more evenly between the hydrogen storage material region and the phase change material region, thus avoiding the local overheating or undercooling phenomena commonly found in traditional cylindrical reactors. Specifically, the distribution direction of the crests 31 extends along the hydrogen delivery pipe 2, ensuring the synergistic optimization of the hydrogen flow path and the heat transfer path, promoting rapid heat exchange during the reaction process. The hydrogen storage material 4 is filled between the heat exchange structure 3 and the hydrogen delivery pipe 2, and the phase change material 5 is filled between the heat exchange structure 3 and the inner wall of the tank 1. This layered layout utilizes the biomimetic characteristics of the pleated structure to strengthen the coupling effect between hydrogen storage heat release and phase change heat storage. In practical applications, this structure can effectively reduce the heat storage blind zone, allowing the phase change material 5 to participate more fully in thermal management, thereby maintaining the stability of the reaction temperature and improving the continuity and efficiency of the hydrogen storage reaction. Compared to traditional reactors, this biomimetic design not only improves heat transfer performance but also reduces thermal resistance through structural optimization, enabling the reactor to exhibit faster response speed and higher hydrogen storage capacity during hydrogenation and dehydrogenation processes.

[0026] Optionally, the ridges 31 in this invention are uniformly distributed along the extension direction of the hydrogen transport pipe 2, and the aspect ratio of the ridges 31 is: Where LRR is the length-to-diameter ratio of ridge 31; a is the radial length of ridge 31; R is the inner diameter of tank 1; and r is the outer diameter of hydrogen delivery pipe 2, all in mm. And it satisfies 0.625≤LRR<0.875.

[0027] In this embodiment, the length-to-diameter ratio (LRR) of the ridge 31 is further limited to 0.625 ≤ LRR < 0.875. When the LRR is within this range, the shape of the ridge 31 can effectively balance the heat transfer area and structural compactness, avoid insufficient heat transfer due to too small LRR or increased flow resistance due to too large LRR, ensure that the heat transfer process from the hydrogen pipeline 2 to the edge of the tank 1 is more efficient, reduce the accumulation of heat in the central region, and thus promote the uniform melting and solidification of the phase change material 5.

[0028] Preferably, considering the component edge thickness and actual structural strength, the most preferred LRR is 0.75.

[0029] Optionally, the number of turns of the crest 31 in this invention is: Where N is the number of turns of ridge 31, H is the height of tank 1, and b is the height of ridge 31 in the direction of hydrogen pipeline extension, in mm; And it satisfies 12≤N<20.

[0030] In this embodiment, the number of turns N of the ridges 31 is further limited to satisfy 12 ≤ N < 20, optimizing the vertical distribution density of the pleated structure. This links the height of the tank 1 with the height of the ridges 31, ensuring that the distribution of the ridges 31 along the extension direction of the hydrogen pipeline 2 covers the effective space of the reactor, avoiding the formation of heat transfer blind zones. When N is within this range, the distribution density of the ridges 31 enables efficient heat transfer in the vertical direction, allowing for more complete heat exchange between the hydrogen storage material 4 and the phase change material 5. This avoids the problems of insufficient heat transfer area when the number of turns is too small or flow obstruction when the number of turns is too large. By optimizing the spacing of the ridges 31, appropriate fluid disturbance is introduced, disrupting the thermal boundary layer and enhancing the convective heat transfer effect. In practical applications, the optimization of N enables the reactor to maintain a stable temperature gradient during hydrogen storage, promoting the phase change process of the phase change material 5 and improving latent heat storage efficiency.

[0031] Preferably, considering the component edge thickness and actual structural strength, the most preferred N is 16.

[0032] Optionally, the hydrogen storage material 4 in this invention is LaNi5, the phase change material 5 includes lithium nitrate trihydrate, and the heat release of the hydrogen storage material 4 and the heat storage of the phase change material 5 are approximately equal through volume matching to satisfy heat balance.

[0033] In this embodiment, the heat release of hydrogen storage material 4 and the heat storage of phase change material 5 are approximately equal through volume matching to achieve heat balance. LaNi5, as hydrogen storage material 4, possesses high hydrogen storage capacity and reversible reaction characteristics. Its heat release process complements the phase change heat storage characteristics of lithium nitrate trihydrate. Volume matching ensures a balance between heat supply and demand, avoiding temperature fluctuations caused by heat mismatch in traditional reactors. This allows the heat released during hydrogen addition to be absorbed promptly by phase change material 5, and the heat absorbed during dehydrogenation to be stably released from phase change material 5. In actual operation, the approximately equal volume matching design optimizes the material filling ratio, enabling the reactor to maintain thermal balance during cyclic operation, thus improving the rate and repeatability of the hydrogen storage reaction. This design enhances the reactor's self-regulating capability, allowing phase change material 5 to more effectively buffer thermal effects, thereby extending equipment life and reducing operating costs.

[0034] Furthermore, in this invention, the volume of the hydrogen storage material 4 is calculated as follows: Where LRR is the length-to-diameter ratio of ridge 31; a is the length of ridge 31; R is the inner diameter of tank 1; r is the outer diameter of hydrogen delivery pipe 2; and H is the height of tank 1, all in mm. Let be the volume of hydrogen storage material 4; The method for calculating its heat release is as follows: in, The heat released by hydrogen storage material 4 Porosity The heat of reaction, Here, M represents the density of hydrogen storage material 4, and M represents the relative molecular mass. The volume of phase change material 5 is calculated as follows: Where LRR is the length-to-diameter ratio of ridge 31; a is the length of ridge 31; R is the inner diameter of tank 1; r is the outer diameter of hydrogen delivery pipe 2; and H is the height of tank 1, all in mm. Let V be the volume of phase change material 5; The method for calculating its heat storage capacity is as follows: in, Let V be the volume of phase change material 5. lm The latent heat of the overall phase change is ρ, and the density of phase change material 5 is ρ. By making The heat release of hydrogen storage material 4 and the heat storage of phase change material 5 are approximately equal through volume matching to achieve heat balance.

[0035] Optionally, refer to Figure 2 The hydrogen transport pipe 2 in this invention includes an interface pipe 21 and a network pipe section 22; The connecting port is located at the center of the upper side of tank 1 and connects the outside and inside of tank 1; The network management section 22 is located inside the tank 1 and is connected to the interface pipe 21.

[0036] Example 2 Secondly, the present invention also provides a hydrogen storage method, based on the biomimetic mitochondrial inner membrane high heat transfer hydrogen storage reactor of Example 1, comprising: The biomimetic mitochondrial inner membrane fold structure formed by crest 31 optimizes the heat transfer pathway during hydrogen absorption and release. Hydrogen absorption process: At the initial hydrogen absorption temperature of phase change material 5, hydrogen is injected into tank 1 through hydrogen delivery pipe 2 to start the hydrogen storage reaction. The hydrogen diffuses to the hydrogen storage material 4 bed through the network pipe 22 of hydrogen delivery pipe 2 and reacts with the hydrogen storage material 4 in an exothermic reaction. The radially extending three-dimensional structure of ridge 31 transfers the heat generated by the reaction to the phase change material 5 layer, causing the phase change material 5 to gradually change from solid to liquid state and absorb the heat of reaction. Hydrogen release process: At the initial hydrogen release temperature of phase change material 5, hydrogen is released from tank 1 through hydrogen pipeline 2 to start the hydrogen release reaction. Hydrogen storage material 4 undergoes an endothermic reaction. The heat required for the endothermic reaction of hydrogen storage material 4 is transferred back from phase change material 5 through spine 31 to maintain a stable reaction temperature. Phase change material 5 gradually changes from liquid to solid, releasing heat. Among them, the heat storage and heat release effects of phase change material 5 maintain the temperature inside tank 1 at near the phase change temperature, avoiding local overheating or overcooling.

[0037] In this embodiment, a hydrogen storage method is provided. It should be noted that the hydrogen storage method in this embodiment is based on the biomimetic mitochondrial inner membrane high heat transfer hydrogen storage reactor in Example 1. Its usage process and beneficial effects are the same, and will not be described in detail here.

[0038] Optionally, in the hydrogen absorption process of the present invention, the initial hydrogen absorption temperature is the phase change temperature of the phase change material 5 minus 3K to 7K, to ensure that the phase change material 5 is in a pure solid state, so as to facilitate phase change heat storage.

[0039] Preferably, the initial hydrogen absorption temperature is the phase change temperature of phase change material 5 minus 5K.

[0040] Meanwhile, during the hydrogen release process, the initial hydrogen release temperature is the phase change temperature of phase change material 5 plus 3K to 7K, ensuring that phase change material 5 is in a pure liquid state, which is conducive to phase change heat release.

[0041] Preferably, the initial hydrogen release temperature is the phase change temperature of phase change material 5 plus 5K.

[0042] Optionally, the radially extending structure of the ridge 31 in this invention forms a multi-stage heat transfer channel during the hydrogen absorption and hydrogen release processes, thereby enabling the phase change material 5 to undergo a uniform phase change.

[0043] Optionally, the reaction fraction of the hydrogen storage material 4 in this invention gradually increases from the inside to the outside along the extension direction of the crest 31, and the reaction rate gradually increases.

[0044] Optionally, the reaction fraction of the hydrogen storage material 4 in this invention gradually decreases from the inside to the outside along the extension direction of the crest 31, while the phase change process of the phase change material 5 is coordinated with heat transfer to maintain temperature stability.

[0045] Example 3 To verify the actual effect of the biomimetic mitochondrial inner membrane high heat transfer hydrogen storage reactor provided in Embodiment 1 of the present invention, an example is used for illustration in this embodiment.

[0046] Example 1 The biomimetic mitochondrial membrane-like high-heat-transfer hydrogen storage reactor of this invention was experimentally compared with a traditional cylindrical reactor. Specifically, refer to... Figure 3 and Figure 4 A biomimetic mitochondrial membrane high-heat-transfer hydrogen storage reactor (VDR) and a conventional cylindrical reactor (TCR) model with consistent dimensions were established. Under experimental conditions of 302 K and 1 MPa, the hydrogen storage material 4 was LaNi5 with a filling rate of 0.85, and the phase change material 5 was lithium nitrate trihydrate with a filling rate of 1. Hydrogen storage performance experiments were conducted under these conditions, and the reaction rate and liquid phase fraction diagrams were obtained. Figure 5 The time required for different reaction fractions is referenced. Figure 6 .

[0047] from Figure 5 It can be clearly seen that, over time, the average reaction fraction of VDR increases significantly faster than that of TCR; VDR reaches a reaction fraction of 0.9 in 213 seconds, while TCR requires 4738 seconds. Furthermore, referencing... Figure 6 The time required for the two reactors to reach the same reaction fraction was compared. The results showed that VDR increased the reaction rate by about 95% compared with TCR in each reaction stage, which clearly demonstrated the significant advantage of VDR in reaction rate.

[0048] And reference Figures 7 to 10It can be seen that in the initial stage of the reaction (t=100s), the hydrogen storage material 4 reacts violently upon contact with hydrogen, causing a rapid increase in bed temperature within a short period. At this time, hydrogen is stored in the hydrogen storage material 4, and the reaction fraction increases. Under the enhanced heat transfer effect, the phase change material 5 absorbs heat, causing its temperature to rise and initiating a phase change. However, as the reaction proceeds (t=300s), the biomimetic mitochondrial inner membrane-like folded structure successfully transfers heat and distributes it evenly throughout the reactor bed, prompting the phase change material 5 to participate in heat storage as a whole. The temperatures of the hydrogen storage zone and the heat storage zone gradually approach and begin to converge.

[0049] In contrast, the heat in a traditional cylindrical reactor is concentrated in the central region, resulting in localized high temperatures. This difference becomes even more pronounced at t=500s: the biomimetic mitochondrial membrane-like high-heat-transfer hydrogen storage reactor exhibits a uniform internal temperature field, with the phase change material 5 almost completely melted, fully utilizing its latent heat; while the traditional cylindrical reactor exhibits a significant "heat storage blind zone": the central region is excessively hot, while the phase change material 5 in the outer region remains solid due to insufficient heat absorption, failing to utilize its latent heat storage function. This localized heat accumulation ultimately leads to a rise in bed temperature, inhibiting further hydrogen absorption.

[0050] In summary, the biomimetic mitochondrial inner membrane high heat transfer hydrogen storage reactor of the present invention, through its unique structural design, significantly improves the heat transfer and distribution inside the reactor, greatly enhances the utilization rate of the coupled phase change material 5, effectively reduces the heat storage blind zone, thereby providing better reaction conditions for the hydrogen absorption and desorption process of metal hydrides, accelerating the hydrogen absorption rate, and improving the overall performance of the hydrogen storage system.

[0051] Example 2 The effect of the LRR (Limit Reduction Ratio) of the biomimetic mitochondrial inner membrane high heat transfer hydrogen storage reactor of this invention on the reaction performance was experimentally investigated. LRR values ​​of 0.25, 0.375, 0.5, 0.625, and 0.75 were selected. The filling ratios of hydrogen storage material 4 and phase change material 5 were adjusted according to the different LRR values ​​to match the heat release of hydrogen storage material 4 with the heat storage of phase change material 5. Simulations were conducted with consistent operating temperature and pressure. The simulation results showed that... Figures 11 to 13 The larger the LRR (Liquidity Ratio), the shorter the time required for hydrogen absorption. When LRR = 0.75, only 246 seconds are needed to reach an average hydrogen absorption reaction fraction of 90%, compared to 2743 seconds when LRR = 0.25, representing a significant time reduction of 91%. Regarding the liquid phase fraction, the larger the LRR, the more complete the phase change of phase material 5. At LRR = 0.75 and t = 500 s, only a small portion remains unreacted, while a significant portion remains unreacted for the other four different aspect ratios. (Refer to...) Figure 14 and Figure 15Comparing the temperatures and temperature distributions of five different bed layers, it was found that the temperature decreased the fastest when LRR=0.75, indicating that the heat transfer performance was better when LRR=0.75 within the same time period. Based on the results of reaction fraction, liquid phase fraction, bed layer and PCM layer temperatures, and considering the actual thickness and structural strength, LRR=0.75 is the optimal length-to-diameter ratio for the reactor of this invention, and this length-to-diameter ratio will be used for subsequent optimization of the number of turns and operating parameters.

[0052] Example 3 The effect of the number of turns N in the biomimetic mitochondrial inner membrane high heat transfer hydrogen storage reactor of this invention on the reaction performance was investigated. With LRR=0.75, simulation experiments were conducted with N=4, 8, 12, 16, and 20, while keeping other parameters constant. The experimental results are referenced... Figure 16 and Figure 17 It can be seen that the more N, the greater the reaction fraction and the less time is required for hydrogen absorption. However, when N increases from 16 to 20, the reaction fraction hardly changes and the performance improvement is not significant. Similarly, for the liquid phase fraction, the more N, the greater the liquid phase fraction and the more PCM phase transitions. However, when N increases from 16 to 20, the reaction fraction hardly changes and the performance improvement is not significant. On the contrary, N=16 is slightly better than N=20.

[0053] Continue comparing the bed temperature with the phase change material bed temperature, referring to... Figure 18 and Figure 19 It can be observed that the higher the N content, the faster the temperature drops and the better the reactor's heat transfer performance. However, as N increases from 16 to 20, the reactor's heat dissipation performance does not change significantly with the increase in the number of turns. According to the temperature distribution cloud map, the temperature distribution is basically uniform at t=500°C and N=16. Considering the reaction fraction, liquid phase fraction, bed temperature, and temperature distribution of phase change material 5 at different numbers of turns, N=16 is the optimal number of turns for the reactor. Therefore, the optimal structural parameters for the reactor can be determined to be LRR=0.75 and N=16, at which point the reactor performance is optimal.

[0054] In the description of this specification, the references to terms such as "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "illustrative embodiment," "example," "specific example," or "some examples," etc., indicate that a specific feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with that embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the invention. In this specification, the illustrative expressions of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments or examples.

[0055] Although embodiments of the invention have been shown and described, those skilled in the art will understand that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined by the claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A biomimetic mitochondrial inner membrane high heat transfer hydrogen storage reactor, comprising a cylindrical tank (1), a hydrogen delivery pipe (2) disposed at the center of the tank (1), and a heat exchange structure (3) distributed between the tank (1) and the hydrogen delivery pipe (2), characterized in that, The heat exchange structure (3) is a biomimetic mitochondrial inner membrane-like folded structure, composed of multiple cristae (31) distributed along the extension direction of the hydrogen transport tube (2); The heat exchange structure (3) and the hydrogen pipeline (2) are filled with hydrogen storage material (4). The heat exchange structure (3) and the inner wall of the tank (1) are filled with phase change material (5).

2. The biomimetic mitochondrial inner membrane high heat transfer hydrogen storage reactor according to claim 1, characterized in that, The ridges (31) are evenly distributed along the extension direction of the hydrogen transport pipe (2), and the aspect ratio of the ridges (31) is: Where LRR is the length-to-diameter ratio of the ridge (31); a is the radial length of the ridge (31); R is the inner diameter of the tank (1); and r is the outer diameter of the hydrogen transport pipe (2), all in mm. And it satisfies 0.625≤LRR<0.

875.

3. The biomimetic mitochondrial inner membrane high heat transfer hydrogen storage reactor according to claim 2, characterized in that, The number of turns of the crest (31) is: Where N is the number of turns of the crest (31), H is the height of the tank (1), and b is the height of the crest (31) in the direction of the hydrogen pipeline extension, in mm; And it satisfies 12≤N<20.

4. The biomimetic mitochondrial inner membrane high heat transfer hydrogen storage reactor according to claim 3, characterized in that, The hydrogen storage material (4) is LaNi5, the phase change material (5) includes lithium nitrate trihydrate, and the heat release of the hydrogen storage material (4) and the heat storage of the phase change material (5) are matched by volume.

5. The biomimetic mitochondrial inner membrane high heat transfer hydrogen storage reactor according to claim 1, characterized in that, The hydrogen transport pipe (2) includes an interface pipe (21) and a network pipe section (22). The connecting port (21) is located at the center of the upper side of the tank (1) and connects the outside and inside of the tank (1); The network management section (22) is located inside the tank (1) and is connected to the interface pipe (21).

6. A hydrogen storage method, implemented based on the biomimetic mitochondrial inner membrane high heat transfer hydrogen storage reactor according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that, include: The biomimetic mitochondrial inner membrane fold structure formed by the crest (31) optimizes the heat transfer path during hydrogen absorption and release. Hydrogen absorption process: At the initial hydrogen absorption temperature of the phase change material (5), hydrogen is injected into the tank (1) through the hydrogen delivery pipe (2) to start the hydrogen storage reaction. The hydrogen diffuses through the mesh pipe part (22) of the hydrogen delivery pipe (2) to the hydrogen storage material (4) bed and reacts with the hydrogen storage material (4) exothermically. The radially extending three-dimensional structure of the crest (31) transfers the heat generated by the reaction to the phase change material (5) layer, so that the phase change material (5) gradually changes from solid to liquid and absorbs the heat of reaction. Hydrogen release process: At the initial hydrogen release temperature of the phase change material (5), hydrogen is released from the tank (1) through the hydrogen delivery pipe (2) to start the hydrogen release reaction. The hydrogen storage material (4) undergoes an endothermic reaction. The heat required for the endothermic reaction of the hydrogen storage material (4) is transferred back from the phase change material (5) through the crest (31) to maintain a stable reaction temperature. The phase change material (5) gradually changes from liquid to solid, releasing heat. The phase change material (5) maintains the temperature inside the tank (1) near the phase change temperature through its heat storage and heat release effects, thus avoiding local overheating or overcooling.

7. The hydrogen storage method according to claim 6, characterized in that, During the hydrogen absorption process, the initial hydrogen absorption temperature is the phase change temperature of the phase change material (5) minus 3K to 7K, ensuring that the phase change material (5) is in a pure solid state, which is conducive to phase change heat storage. During the hydrogen release process, the initial hydrogen release temperature is the phase change temperature of the phase change material (5) plus 3K to 7K, ensuring that the phase change material (5) is in a pure liquid state, which is conducive to phase change heat release.

8. The hydrogen storage method according to claim 6, characterized in that, The radially extended structure of the crest (31) forms a multi-stage heat transfer channel during the hydrogen absorption and hydrogen release processes, thereby enabling the phase change material (5) to undergo a uniform phase change.

9. The hydrogen storage method according to claim 8, characterized in that, During the hydrogen absorption process, the reaction fraction of the hydrogen storage material (4) gradually increases from the inside to the outside along the extension direction of the crest (31), and the reaction rate gradually increases.

10. The hydrogen storage method according to claim 8, characterized in that, During the hydrogen release process, the reaction fraction of the hydrogen storage material (4) gradually decreases from the inside to the outside along the extension direction of the crest (31), while the phase change process of the phase change material (5) works in conjunction with heat transfer to maintain temperature stability.

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