Heat preservation and moisture preservation system and method for roller compacted concrete dam in high altitude and alpine region

Abstract

The invention discloses a heat and moisture preservation system and method for a roller compacted concrete dam in a high-altitude and alpine region, belongs to the technical field of dam construction of water conservancy and hydropower engineering, and aims to solve the problems of freeze-thaw damage and dry shrinkage cracking of concrete in an extreme environment and low efficiency, poor adaptability and the like of traditional protection. The system comprises a composite intelligent heat preservation and moisture preservation blanket, an intelligent environment perception and regulation system, an efficient spraying moisture preservation system and an automatic rolling and paving device. The heat preservation and moisture preservation blanket is formed by compounding an outer protective layer, a main heat preservation layer, a phase change temperature adjustment layer and an inner moisture preservation layer, and a low-temperature-resistant sensor network is embedded in the heat preservation and moisture preservation blanket. The central control unit is in communication / electric connection with the sensor network and the spraying system adjustable nozzle to realize dynamic regulation and control; the automatic rolling and paving vehicle realizes efficient paving and recycling of the blanket body. According to the method, through automatic covering, temperature, humidity and environmental parameters are monitored in real time, the moisture permeability of the moisturizing layer is adjusted in a linkage mode or spraying water replenishing is started, the temperature difference is stabilized, and long-acting moisturizing is achieved. The system integrates covering, monitoring and regulating functions, and the construction efficiency and the early strength and durability of the dam are improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of dam construction technology in water conservancy and hydropower projects, and particularly to a heat preservation and moisture retention system and method for roller-compacted concrete dams in high-altitude and cold regions. Background Technology

[0002] Constructing roller-compacted concrete (RCC) dams in high-altitude, frigid regions presents extremely severe natural environmental challenges, posing significant threats to the dam's construction quality and long-term durability. Specifically, the region's environmental characteristics include extreme temperature variations, low temperatures inhibiting cement hydration, intense ultraviolet radiation, rapid moisture evaporation due to strong winds and dryness, and frequent freeze-thaw cycles.

[0003] In high-altitude, frigid regions, the diurnal temperature range often exceeds 30°C. Coupled with significant seasonal temperature variations, this leads to substantial temperature stress within the concrete, making it highly susceptible to structural cracks. This temperature stress not only affects the dam's appearance but can also weaken its overall structural strength, posing a potential threat to its safe operation. Furthermore, the region's low average annual temperature results in a short effective construction window. Low temperatures, especially below 5°C, severely inhibit the hydration process of cement, causing key performance indicators such as concrete strength and elastic modulus to develop extremely slowly or even stagnate. Its early resistance to frost damage is also significantly insufficient, increasing construction risks and subsequent maintenance costs.

[0004] High-intensity ultraviolet radiation, far exceeding that in plains areas, accelerates the aging of organic materials in the concrete surface and promotes rapid moisture evaporation. Simultaneously, the thin air, extremely low humidity, and high wind speeds in this region combine to cause an exceptionally rapid rate of moisture evaporation from the concrete surface, posing significant challenges to curing and making it highly susceptible to shrinkage cracks. Frequent freeze-thaw cycles severely damage early-stage concrete that has not yet reached sufficient strength, greatly weakening the long-term durability of the dam structure. Freeze-thaw cycles not only cause surface spalling of the concrete but may also trigger the propagation of internal microcracks, further reducing the dam's service life.

[0005] To address these stringent conditions, CN102505664B, a method for anti-aging dam concrete, proposes enhancing the anti-aging ability of dam concrete by applying a polyurethane foam layer and a polymer mortar layer. However, this method primarily focuses on improving the anti-aging performance of concrete, and its solution to the insulation and moisture retention problems caused by extreme temperature differences, strong winds, and dryness unique to high-altitude and cold regions remains insufficient. While the polyurethane foam layer and polymer mortar layer can provide some insulation and moisture retention effects, the stability and durability of these effects under extreme temperature differences and strong winds still face challenges.

[0006] CN104805805B's method for enhancing the thermal insulation and moisture retention of dams and improving their crack resistance targets damaged dam concrete insulation layers. It proposes a method to enhance thermal insulation and moisture retention effects and improve crack resistance by covering the layers with new moisture-retaining and insulating sealing and protective layers. However, this method is mainly applicable to the repair of dams with damaged existing insulation layers, and its applicability to the initial thermal insulation and moisture retention needs of newly built dams in high-altitude and cold environments is limited. Furthermore, the method still lacks specific measures to address extreme temperature differences and frequent freeze-thaw cycles.

[0007] CN115260430B discloses a rigid polyurethane foam material, its preparation method, and its application in the thermal insulation and protection structure of concrete dams. While this material exhibits excellent thermal insulation and resistance to damp heat, its main focus is on material preparation and performance optimization. However, its solutions are not comprehensive enough for the unique construction environment and maintenance needs of high-altitude and cold regions, such as intelligent control, rapid coverage, and recycling.

[0008] Traditional methods of thermal insulation and moisture retention, such as using plastic film, straw mats, or ordinary thermal blankets alone, demonstrate significant shortcomings and limitations in high-altitude and frigid regions. These traditional materials generally offer limited and unstable insulation, making them ineffective against drastic temperature fluctuations. Their moisture retention is also poor, and their fragile nature makes them easily torn and broken in strong winds, failing to maintain the necessary humidity on the concrete surface. Furthermore, they generally lack sufficient UV resistance, aging and failing rapidly under intense sunlight. In terms of construction operations, these materials also hinder the rapid application and removal of large areas, severely limiting construction efficiency.

[0009] A deeper challenge lies in controlling the temperature of raw materials: the extremely low temperatures in high-altitude and frigid regions pose a fundamental threat to the temperature of the raw materials themselves—the very source of concrete production. Low-temperature aggregates and mixing water near or even frozen directly result in excessively low concrete mix temperatures at the mixer outlet, not only worsening initial workability but also severely hindering the initiation of cement hydration and early strength development. Even with surface insulation measures applied to the poured concrete, if the core temperature is too low, its strength growth is slow, making it unable to effectively resist early temperature stress and frost heave. The surface insulation and moisture retention effects will be significantly reduced or even negligible. Furthermore, liquid admixtures may crystallize, precipitate, or become ineffective at low temperatures, and conventional storage methods cannot guarantee their operating temperature and workability.

[0010] In summary, the construction of roller-compacted concrete (RCC) dams in high-altitude and frigid regions faces multiple technical challenges, and traditional insulation and moisture retention methods and existing technologies are no longer sufficient to meet practical needs. Therefore, developing a highly efficient, intelligent, and adaptable integrated insulation and moisture retention system and method is of great significance for ensuring the construction quality and long-term durability of dams. This invention addresses the severe challenges faced by RCC dam construction in high-altitude and frigid regions, including extreme temperature differences (over 30°C day and night), low-temperature inhibition of hydration, intense ultraviolet radiation, rapid moisture evaporation due to strong winds and dryness, and frequent freeze-thaw cycles. It provides an integrated insulation and moisture retention system and method, the core of which integrates a composite intelligent insulation and moisture retention blanket, an intelligent environmental sensing and control system, a high-efficiency spray / mist moisture retention system, and a rapid covering and recovery device. This systematically solves the problems of poor insulation and moisture retention, easy damage, weak UV resistance, and low efficiency of traditional methods, meeting the stringent requirements of continuous and rapid RCC construction and long-term temperature control, crack prevention, and moisture retention maintenance. Summary of the Invention

[0011] The technical problem to be solved by this invention is to provide a thermal insulation and moisture retention system and method for roller-compacted concrete dams in high-altitude and cold regions. This system aims to systematically solve key technical problems that easily occur during the construction and initial operation of roller-compacted concrete (RCC) dams in harsh environments such as extreme temperature differences (over 30°C day and night), low temperatures inhibiting cement hydration, strong ultraviolet radiation, rapid moisture evaporation due to strong winds and dryness, and frequent freeze-thaw cycles. It also overcomes the shortcomings of traditional thermal insulation and moisture retention methods, such as poor thermal insulation effect, insufficient moisture retention, weak resistance to ultraviolet radiation and wind, low construction efficiency, and inability to dynamically respond to environmental changes. This system meets the stringent requirements of continuous and rapid construction of RCC dams and long-term temperature control, crack prevention, and moisture retention maintenance.

[0012] To achieve the above technical objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution: A thermal insulation and moisture retention system and method for roller-compacted concrete dams in high-altitude and cold regions are proposed, as detailed below: I. Thermal Insulation and Moisture Retention System for Roller-Compacted Concrete Dams in High-Altitude and Cold Regions (I) Overall Composition of the Thermal Insulation and Moisture Retention System This system is an integrated comprehensive protection system, with its core consisting of four parts: a composite intelligent heat-insulating and moisturizing blanket, an intelligent environmental sensing and control system, a high-efficiency spray moisturizing system, and an automated roll-up device. These parts are interconnected through structural connections and signal linkages to form an integrated functional unit encompassing coverage, monitoring, control, and recovery. The specific structure and connection relationships are as follows: 1. Composite intelligent heat-insulating and moisture-retaining blanket The heat-insulating and moisture-retaining blanket has a multi-layered composite rollable blanket structure, with a width of 1-2m and a length of 10-20m. The functional layers are fixedly connected by adhesive or composite processes, and from the outside to the inside are as follows: Outer protective layer: Made of high-strength polyester / PVC coated fabric, several millimeters thick, with UV resistance, waterproof, tear resistance and weather resistance, used to directly resist external wind, rain, hail and strong radiation damage. Its edges are treated with high-strength sealing material to provide an outer protective barrier for the overall structure.

[0013] Main insulation layer: composed of closed-cell foam (optional cross-linked polyethylene or modified polyurethane) and high-reflectivity metal foil, with a thickness of 4~6cm. The low thermal conductivity of the closed-cell foam and the radiative heat reflection function of the metal foil work together to achieve efficient heat insulation and reduce the heat exchange between the concrete surface and the environment.

[0014] Phase change temperature regulating layer: The flexible non-woven fabric with phase change microcapsules is embedded inside, and PCM (phase change material) with a phase change temperature of 5℃~15℃ is embedded inside. Through the dynamic regulation characteristics of absorbing heat and storing energy during the day and releasing heat and releasing temperature at night, the temperature fluctuation of the concrete surface between day and night is greatly suppressed, and the temperature stress caused by extreme temperature difference is avoided.

[0015] Inner moisturizing layer: Made of highly absorbent slow-release fiber material, it is fully soaked or sprayed beforehand to continuously release water vapor to the concrete surface for long-lasting moisturizing, while preventing the blanket from directly sticking to the concrete; this layer is equipped with water injection holes, which can be used to replenish warm water under extremely low temperature or extremely dry conditions to ensure the moisturizing and curing needs in cold environments.

[0016] The core sensing unit of the thermal insulation blanket integrates a low-temperature resistant sensor network. The temperature and humidity sensors are installed between the main insulation layer and the phase change temperature regulation layer by an embedded fixing method, and one sensor is arranged every 2 to 4 meters along the longitudinal center line of the blanket. The sensor probe extends and is close to the concrete surface under the blanket or is set inside the blanket to ensure accurate collection of temperature and humidity parameters of the concrete surface and the inside of the blanket.

[0017] (II) Intelligent Environmental Sensing and Control System This system serves as the "control center" of the entire thermal insulation and moisture retention system, comprising a low-temperature resistant sensor network and a central control unit, which establish a stable communication connection via cables or wireless nodes. Low-temperature resistant sensor network: In addition to the temperature and humidity sensors integrated into the thermal insulation blanket, it also includes networked sensing devices such as wind speed and direction meters and solar radiation meters deployed in the construction area. All sensors are capable of operating at -40℃ and are UV resistant, and can comprehensively collect key parameters such as the internal and surface temperature and humidity of concrete, as well as ambient wind speed and solar radiation.

[0018] Central control unit: Can be deployed locally or on a cloud platform, with built-in RCC temperature control model, humidity demand model and weather forecast data interface, receives and processes various data transmitted from sensor network in real time, and generates precise control commands through model analysis; at the same time, it establishes an electrical or communication connection with the high-efficiency spray moisturizing system to realize start-stop and zone control, and forms a moisture permeability adjustment linkage with the composite intelligent heat preservation and moisturizing blanket.

[0019] (III) High-efficiency spray moisturizing system This system serves as an auxiliary enhancement unit for moisturizing and nourishing the skin. Its components are interconnected via piping and signal linkage to achieve precise hydration. Specifically, it includes: Thermostatic insulated water tank: As the core of water supply, its outlet is connected to the inlet of the cold-resistant pipe network through the water supply pipe, which can provide curing water with a temperature of ≥5℃. It can be equipped with a water softening treatment device to prevent nozzle clogging. It also has the function of water temperature insulation and heating to avoid concrete freezing damage caused by cold water spraying.

[0020] Cold-resistant pipeline network: including main pipes pre-installed on the top of the dam and branch pipes connected to the main pipes, with area control valves installed on the main pipes or branch pipes. The entire pipeline network has an automatic drainage and antifreeze function and can be used for a long time in cold environments.

[0021] Adjustable nozzles: They adopt cold-resistant and anti-clogging low-pressure micro-mist nozzles or high-pressure fine water mist nozzles, which are connected to the pre-set pipeline on the top of the dam through branch pipes and arranged in zones. The nozzles are arranged facing the concrete surface and can receive instructions from the central control unit to realize zone start and stop, timed and quantitative spraying of warm water mist. In windy areas, they can be switched to high-pressure nozzles or used in conjunction with windshields to ensure that the water mist evenly covers the concrete surface and is quickly absorbed.

[0022] (iv) Automated roll-laying device This device is an execution unit for the efficient laying and recycling of carpets, with a mobile roll-laying vehicle at its core: The roll-laying vehicle can move along tracks or tracks and integrates a large-capacity roll mechanism, a guide alignment mechanism, and a tensioning mechanism. The ends of the thermal insulation blanket are detachably and fixedly connected to the roll mechanism through clamping / locking parts, which facilitates the rolling, storage, and unfolding of the blanket.

[0023] The guide alignment mechanism enables automatic alignment and overlap of adjacent blankets, with an overlap width of ≥15cm. The overlap area is sealed and fixed with low-temperature resistant sealing tape or pressure strips. The outer perimeter of the blanket is reinforced / anchored with sandbags or ground anchors to ensure that the blanket fits tightly against the dam surface and has reliable windproof performance.

[0024] II. Insulation and Moisture Retention Methods for Roller-Compacted Concrete Dams in High-Altitude and Cold Regions Based on the above-mentioned heat preservation and moisture retention system for roller-compacted concrete dams in high-altitude and cold regions, the heat preservation and moisture retention method of the present invention includes the following steps: Step 1, Blanket laying preparation: After the concrete surface is finished and reaches the initial setting state (30 minutes to 1 hour after pouring), lightly spray water to moisten the concrete surface (control the moisture content ≤5%), and ensure that the inner moisturizing layer is pre-saturated with moisture; fix the end of the thermal insulation blanket to the roll mechanism of the rolling vehicle with clamps / locking parts.

[0025] Step 2, Automated Covering Operation: Start the roll-laying vehicle to simultaneously spread the blanket from both ends of the dam towards the middle. The blanket is automatically aligned and forms a specified overlap through the guide alignment mechanism. For corners or complex areas, manual assistance is provided by using special hooks and tensioning tools to ensure that the blanket is fully covered without any omissions. The inner moisturizing layer is tightly attached to the concrete surface, the overlap seams are well sealed, and the edges are fixed with sandbags or ground anchors.

[0026] Step 3, Dynamic Monitoring and Intelligent Control: After coverage is completed, the intelligent environmental sensing and control system is activated. The sensor network collects parameters such as temperature, humidity, wind speed, and solar radiation from the inside and surface of the concrete and the surrounding environment in real time, and transmits them to the central control unit via cables or wireless nodes. The central control unit analyzes and makes decisions based on the built-in model and real-time data. Step 3.1: When the humidity of the concrete surface is detected to be lower than the set threshold, water vapor is released preferentially by increasing the opening of the microporous membrane of the inner moisturizing layer. In case of extreme dryness, water can be added through the water injection hole. Step 3.2: When the humidity remains low and the ambient wind speed allows, the high-efficiency spray moisturizing system will be activated to control the adjustable nozzles in the corresponding area to spray warm water mist to prevent moisture loss from being too rapid. Step 3.3: At night or during periods of low temperature, the phase change temperature regulating layer releases and stores heat, while the main insulation layer continues to provide insulation, working together to reduce the rate of temperature drop on the concrete surface.

[0027] Step 4, Maintenance Process Inspection: During the maintenance period, the integrity of the blanket, the overlapping and sealing status, the edge fixation, and the humidity of the inner moisturizing layer are monitored regularly through sensor data feedback and manual inspection. The central control unit dynamically adjusts the control strategy according to changes in environmental parameters.

[0028] Step 5, Blanket Recycling and Reuse: After the curing is completed, start the roller mechanism of the rolling vehicle to automatically recycle and roll up the heat-insulating and moisturizing blanket. After disassembling the fixed connection between the blanket and the roller mechanism, transfer it to the next working surface for reuse.

[0029] The heat preservation and moisture retention system and method for roller-compacted concrete dams in high-altitude and cold regions provided by this invention have the following beneficial effects: 1. This invention solves the key technical problems faced by roller compacted concrete (RCC) dams in high-altitude and cold regions during the initial construction and operation phases, such as extreme temperature differences, low temperature inhibiting hydration, strong ultraviolet radiation, strong winds causing rapid evaporation of moisture, and frequent freeze-thaw cycles. It meets the stringent requirements of continuous and rapid construction of RCC dams and long-term temperature control, crack prevention, and moisture retention maintenance.

[0030] 2. This invention achieves synergistic optimization of material innovation, structural design, and intelligent control, enabling a multi-layered composite structure to work together to address the challenges of heat preservation and moisture retention in extreme environments from multiple dimensions, including prevention, isolation, adjustment, and replenishment. 3. This invention achieves precise intelligent linkage response. Through real-time communication with the central control unit via a sensor network, it accurately monitors temperature and humidity parameters and rapidly issues control commands, dynamically adapting to environmental changes and effectively suppressing the risk of thermal stress and shrinkage cracks.

[0031] 4. The invention significantly improves construction efficiency. The automated roll-laying vehicle can achieve a coverage and recycling efficiency of thousands of square meters per hour, greatly reducing labor intensity and meeting the continuous and rapid construction needs of the RCC dam.

[0032] 5. This invention improves durability and reusability. All components are made of materials that are resistant to low temperatures, UV rays, and tearing. The pipeline has antifreeze properties, and the blanket can be repeatedly recycled and reused, reducing construction costs and improving the early strength development speed and long-term durability of the dam.

[0033] 6. This invention provides multi-dimensional synergistic insulation, mitigating extreme temperature differences. The outer protective layer, main insulation layer, and phase change temperature regulating layer of the composite intelligent insulation and moisture-retaining blanket work together to significantly reduce the impact of extreme temperature differences exceeding 30°C between day and night, thus preventing concrete from cracking due to temperature stress.

[0034] 7. This invention provides long-lasting and precise moisturizing, preventing shrinkage damage. The inner moisturizing layer uses highly absorbent slow-release fiber material combined with an emergency water replenishment design with water injection holes, and is superimposed with a high-efficiency spray moisturizing system that sprays water precisely in different areas. This solves the problem of rapid evaporation of moisture on the concrete surface in dry environments with strong winds at high altitudes, and effectively inhibits shrinkage cracks.

[0035] 8. This invention features intelligent dynamic control, adapting to environmental changes. A low-temperature sensor network collects parameters in real time, and the central control unit generates control commands through built-in model analysis. This commands are used to adjust the moisture permeability of the inner moisturizing layer or activate the spray system, achieving a closed-loop control of "perception-decision-execution".

[0036] 9. This invention has strong environmental adaptability and improves protective durability. The outer protective layer has excellent UV resistance, tear resistance and waterproof performance. Each system component is designed to be cold-resistant, the pipeline network is automatically drained to prevent freezing, and the sensor can work in an environment of -40℃, which greatly improves the service life of the system in extreme environments.

[0037] 10. This invention enables highly efficient automated construction and reduces labor costs. The automated roll-laying vehicle integrates a roll mechanism and a guide alignment mechanism, enabling the laying and recycling of thousands of square meters of carpet per hour. With the automatic alignment and overlap of adjacent carpets, only manual assistance is required to fix the corner areas, making it suitable for the continuous and rapid construction needs of roller-compacted concrete (RCC) dams.

[0038] 11. This invention allows for repeated recycling and reuse, controlling construction costs. The composite intelligent heat-insulating and moisturizing blanket has high mechanical strength and is not easily damaged. After curing, it can be quickly recycled and transported to the next work surface for reuse. The modular design of components such as the spray system and sensor network makes maintenance convenient and reduces consumable and construction costs.

[0039] 12. The present invention has a comprehensive anti-freezing design to protect the performance of concrete. The high-efficiency spray moisturizing system provides warm water at ≥5℃ to avoid freeze-thaw damage to concrete caused by cold water spraying. The anti-adhesion design and warm water supply function of the inner moisturizing layer prevent the blanket from sticking to the concrete surface in severe cold environments and ensure a suitable temperature environment for cement hydration reaction.

[0040] 13. The present invention provides reliable sealing and windproofing, ensuring the maintenance effect. The overlapping area of ​​adjacent heat insulation and moisture retention blankets is sealed with low-temperature resistant sealing tape or pressure strips, and the edges are reinforced with sandbags or ground anchors to form a closed windproof structure, preventing strong winds from penetrating and damaging the heat insulation and moisture retention environment, and ensuring uniform and stable maintenance effect.

[0041] 14. This invention promotes strength development and improves dam durability. It maintains the core temperature of concrete through precise insulation, avoiding low temperature inhibition of cement hydration reaction; long-term moisture retention provides sufficient moisture for hydration reaction, synergistically accelerating the early strength development of concrete and enhancing its ability to resist freeze-thaw cycles and environmental erosion.

[0042] 15. This invention is adaptable to complex working conditions, expands the construction window, and the system takes into account both automated construction in large conventional areas and manual assistance in corner and irregular areas, adapting to different construction conditions of dams; it extends the effective construction window period in low-temperature environments through efficient heat preservation and moisture retention.

[0043] 16. This invention features precise zoned control, saving resources. The high-efficiency spray moisturizing system adopts a zoned layout design, which is linked with the central control unit through regional control valves. It can accurately spray warm water mist only on areas with insufficient humidity, avoiding water waste. A water softening treatment device can be added to reduce the probability of nozzle clogging and lower equipment maintenance costs.

[0044] 17. This invention protects the concrete surface and ensures construction quality. The flexible material and anti-adhesion design of the inner moisturizing layer prevent scratch damage to the concrete surface during covering and recycling. The spraying system uses low-pressure micro-mist or high-pressure fine water mist nozzles, and the water mist is uniform and delicate, which is quickly absorbed by the concrete surface without causing water accumulation or erosion.

[0045] 18. This invention provides data-driven maintenance management, reducing decision-making risks. The central control unit integrates sensor network data and weather forecast interface information to generate maintenance status reports and early warning prompts in real time, providing accurate data support for construction personnel and avoiding decision-making biases caused by traditional maintenance relying on experience judgment.

[0046] 19. This invention significantly improves the construction efficiency and maintenance quality of roller-compacted concrete dams in high-altitude and cold regions, and its superiority and practicality have been verified through actual engineering applications.

[0047] 20. This invention, through the multi-layer structure design of the composite intelligent heat-insulating and moisturizing blanket, effectively isolates heat exchange, suppresses temperature fluctuations on the concrete surface, and reduces the risk of cracks caused by thermal stress; the inner moisturizing layer continuously releases water vapor to keep the concrete surface moist and prevent the formation of shrinkage cracks.

[0048] 21. The intelligent environmental sensing and control system of the present invention monitors and adjusts the maintenance environment in real time, ensuring that the maintenance process is precise and efficient, reducing manual intervention and lowering maintenance costs.

[0049] 22. The high-efficiency spray moisturizing system of the present invention provides uniform warm water mist coverage, further enhancing the moisturizing effect and solving the problem of concrete moisturizing in high-altitude areas.

[0050] 23. The automated roll-laying device of the present invention enables rapid laying and recycling of thermal insulation blankets, improves construction efficiency, reduces labor costs, ensures laying quality, and enhances the overall thermal insulation and moisture retention effect.

[0051] 24. This invention solves the problem that ordinary heat preservation and moisture retention systems in high-altitude and cold regions are difficult to adapt to low temperatures, strong winds and other conditions, and cannot effectively guarantee the quality of concrete curing, thus improving the applicability of the system in harsh environments.

[0052] 25. This invention solves the problem that traditional heat preservation and moisture retention methods are unable to accurately sense concrete and environmental parameters in real time and cannot adjust heat preservation and moisture retention measures in a timely manner according to actual conditions, thus achieving the accuracy of parameter sensing and control.

[0053] 26. This invention solves the problems of low efficiency, high labor intensity, and difficulty in ensuring the quality of manual laying and recycling of thermal insulation blankets, and improves the efficiency of manual operation and the guarantee of laying quality.

[0054] 27. This invention effectively ensures the temperature and humidity requirements of roller-compacted concrete dams in high-altitude and cold regions during the curing period, improves concrete quality, reduces quality problems such as cracks caused by improper temperature and humidity, and enhances the overall performance of the dam. Attached Figure Description

[0055] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments: Figure 1 This is a schematic longitudinal section of the thermal insulation and moisture-retaining blanket of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a plan view of the composite intelligent heat-insulating and moisture-retaining blanket of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the integrated intelligent monitoring and spraying system of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the automated roll-to-roll covering system of the present invention; In the diagram: 1. Outer protective layer; 2. Main insulation layer; 3. Phase change temperature regulating layer; 4. Inner moisture-retaining layer; 5. Temperature and humidity sensor; 6. Nozzle; 7. Automated roll-laying vehicle. Detailed Implementation

[0056] The technical solutions of the present invention will be further described below with reference to the embodiments and accompanying drawings: Example 1 like Figures 1 to 4 As shown in the figure, this embodiment provides a heat preservation and moisture retention system for roller-compacted concrete dams in high-altitude and cold regions. The specific configuration and connection relationship are as follows: (I) Composite Intelligent Thermal Insulation Blanket The composite intelligent heat-insulating and moisture-retaining blanket has a multi-layered, rollable blanket-like structure, 1.5m wide and 15m long. The functional layers are bonded and fixed together with adhesive, and from the outside in, they are as follows: Outer protective layer 1: Made of high-strength polyester / PVC (Polyvinyl Chloride) coated fabric, 3mm thick, with UV resistance, waterproof, tear resistance and weather resistance. The edges are pretreated with high-strength sealing material to resist external wind, rain, hail and strong radiation damage.

[0057] Main insulation layer 2: It is composed of 4cm thick closed-cell polyurethane foam and 0.02mm thick high-reflectivity aluminum foil. Through the low thermal conductivity of closed-cell foam and the radiative heat reflection function of aluminum foil, it achieves efficient heat insulation and reduces the heat exchange between the concrete surface and the environment.

[0058] Phase change temperature regulating layer 3: It adopts a flexible non-woven fabric with embedded phase change microcapsules, and embeds PCM (Phase Change Material) material with a phase change temperature of 5℃~15℃ inside. It absorbs heat and stores energy during the day and releases heat at night to smooth the temperature fluctuation of the concrete surface between day and night.

[0059] Inner Moisturizing Layer 4: Made of highly absorbent and hydrophilic composite fiber material, it is pre-absorbed by spraying and can continuously release water vapor to the concrete surface. It is also equipped with water injection holes for replenishing warm water under extremely low temperature or extremely dry conditions, while preventing the blanket from sticking to the concrete.

[0060] Between the main insulation layer 2 and the phase change temperature regulating layer 3, a temperature and humidity sensor 5 is installed every 3m along the longitudinal centerline of the blanket. The temperature and humidity sensor 5 is installed between the layers by an embedded fixing method. The sensor probe extends and is close to the concrete surface under the blanket. The sensor body establishes a communication connection with the central control unit through a wireless node to collect the temperature and humidity parameters of the concrete surface and the inside of the blanket in real time.

[0061] (II) Intelligent Environmental Sensing and Control System The system includes a low-temperature resistant sensor network, an anemometer, a solar radiometer, and a central control unit. The low-temperature resistant sensor network is based on the temperature and humidity sensor 5, and is equipped with anemometers and solar radiometers deployed in the construction area. All sensing devices are capable of operating at -40℃ and are UV resistant, comprehensively collecting data on the internal and surface temperature and humidity of concrete, as well as ambient wind speed and solar radiation.

[0062] The central control unit adopts a local deployment mode and has built-in RCC (Roller Compacted Concrete) temperature control model, humidity demand model and weather forecast data interface. It receives data transmitted by various sensors through wireless links, generates control commands through model analysis, and establishes an electrical connection with the high-efficiency spray humidification system to realize start-stop and zone control.

[0063] (III) High-efficiency spray moisturizing system The various components of this system are connected by pipes, specifically including: Thermostatic insulated water tank: As the core of water supply, its outlet is connected to the inlet of the cold-resistant pipe network through the water supply pipe. It can heat and maintain the maintenance water temperature at ≥5℃ and is equipped with a water softening treatment device to prevent nozzle clogging.

[0064] Cold-resistant pipeline network: including two main pipes pre-installed on the top of the dam and branch pipes connected to the main pipes. A branch control valve is installed every 5m on the main pipe. The downstream of the branch control valve is connected to the branch pipe. The entire pipeline network has an automatic drainage and antifreeze function.

[0065] Nozzle 6: It adopts a cold-resistant and anti-clogging low-pressure rotary micro-mist nozzle, which is connected to the pre-set pipeline on the top of the dam through a branch pipe and arranged in zones. Nozzle 6 faces the concrete surface and can receive instructions from the central control unit to realize zoned start and stop, and timed and quantitative spraying of warm water mist.

[0066] (iv) Automated roll-laying device The automated roll-laying device is a mobile automated roll-laying vehicle 7, which can move along the track and integrates a large-capacity roll mechanism, a guide alignment mechanism, and a tensioning mechanism. The ends of the composite intelligent heat-insulating and moisture-retaining blanket are detachably and fixedly connected to the roll mechanism through clamps. The guide alignment mechanism can realize the automatic alignment and overlap of adjacent blankets, with an overlap width of ≥15cm. The overlap area is sealed and fixed with low-temperature resistant sealing tape, and the outer periphery of the blanket is reinforced with sandbags to ensure a tight fit with the dam surface and wind protection.

[0067] Example 2 In another preferred embodiment, based on Embodiment 1, this embodiment provides a method for heat preservation and moisture retention of roller-compacted concrete dams in high-altitude and cold regions. It applies the heat preservation and moisture retention system for roller-compacted concrete dams in high-altitude and cold regions described in Embodiment 1 to achieve heat preservation, moisture retention, and curing of roller-compacted concrete dams in high-altitude and cold regions. The specific steps are as follows: Step 1, Construction Preparation: After the concrete surface is finished, wait until it reaches the initial setting state (45 minutes after pouring), lightly spray water to moisten the concrete surface, control the surface moisture content to ≤5%, and at the same time ensure that the inner moisturizing layer 4 has been fully saturated with water by spraying; the end of the composite intelligent thermal insulation and moisture-retaining blanket is detachably fixed to the roller mechanism of the automated roll-laying vehicle 7 through clamping parts.

[0068] Step 2, Automated installation of the carpet: Start two automated roll-laying vehicles 7 and simultaneously lay the carpet from both ends of the dam towards the center. During the laying process, the guide alignment mechanism of the automated roll-laying vehicle 7 automatically aligns the edges of the carpet to form a 15cm wide overlap area. Low-temperature resistant sealing tape is used to seal and fix the overlap seam. For the corners and irregular areas of the dam, special hooks and tensioning tools are used manually to assist in fixing. Sandbags are placed every 1.2m along the edge of the carpet to ensure that the inner moisture-retaining layer 4 is tightly attached to the concrete surface without any omissions or loosening.

[0069] Step 3, Dynamic Monitoring and Intelligent Control: After coverage is completed, the intelligent environmental sensing and control system is activated. Temperature and humidity sensors 5, anemometers, and solar radiation meters collect real-time data on temperature, humidity, wind speed, and solar radiation from the concrete interior, surface, and environment. This data is transmitted wirelessly to the central control unit. The central control unit analyzes and makes decisions based on the built-in model and real-time data. Step 3.1: When the temperature and humidity sensor 5 detects that the humidity of the concrete surface is lower than 90%RH, it will release water vapor first by increasing the opening of the microporous membrane of the inner moisturizing layer 4. In the case of extreme dryness, warm water will be injected through the water injection hole of the inner moisturizing layer 4 to replenish water. Step 3.2: When the humidity is consistently below 85%RH and the anemometer detects an ambient wind speed ≤3m / s, the central control unit will activate the high-efficiency spray humidification system to control the nozzles 6 in the corresponding area to spray warm water mist to prevent excessive moisture loss. Step 3.3: At night or during periods of low temperature, the phase change temperature regulating layer 3 releases the stored heat, and the main insulation layer 2 continues to provide insulation, working together to reduce the rate of temperature drop on the concrete surface and avoid the generation of temperature stress.

[0070] Step 4, Maintenance and Inspection: During the maintenance period, the sensor data feedback is checked daily through the central control unit. Twice a week, the integrity of the blanket, the overlapping and sealing status, the edge fixation, and the humidity of the inner moisturizing layer are manually checked. The central control unit dynamically adjusts the control strategy according to changes in environmental parameters. If strong winds are detected, the edge sandbags are reinforced in time.

[0071] Step 5, Blanket Recycling and Reuse: After the curing cycle is completed, start the roller mechanism of the automated roll-laying vehicle 7 to automatically recycle and roll up the composite intelligent thermal insulation blanket, disassemble the clamping and fixing connection between the blanket and the roller mechanism, and transfer the blanket to the next construction work surface. After inspection and confirmation that there is no damage, it can be reused.

[0072] Example 3 In another preferred embodiment, based on embodiments 1 and 2, this embodiment provides a comprehensive thermal insulation and moisture retention system for roller-compacted concrete dams in high-altitude and cold regions, as detailed below: 1. System Composition: The comprehensive thermal insulation and moisture retention system for roller-compacted concrete dams in high-altitude and cold regions in this embodiment includes a composite intelligent thermal insulation and moisture retention blanket, an intelligent environmental sensing and control system, a high-efficiency spray moisture retention system, and an automated roll-laying device 7.

[0073] 2. Composite intelligent heat-insulating and moisture-retaining blanket: The blanket consists of, from the outside in, an outer protective layer 1, a main insulation layer 2, a phase change temperature regulating layer 3, and an inner moisture-retaining layer 4. The outer protective layer 1 is made of high-strength polyester / PVC coated fabric, effectively blocking ultraviolet rays, wind, rain, and hail. The main insulation layer 2 is composed of closed-cell foam composite high-reflectivity metal foil, with a thickness of 5cm, which reduces heat exchange by reflecting radiant heat. The phase change temperature regulating layer 3 is embedded with PCM material with a phase change temperature of 10℃, which absorbs and stores heat during the day and releases heat at night, thus stabilizing the temperature fluctuation of the concrete surface. The inner moisture-retaining layer 4 is made of highly absorbent slow-release fiber material and is equipped with water injection holes, which can continuously release water vapor to the concrete surface to achieve long-term moisture retention.

[0074] 3. Intelligent Environmental Sensing and Control System: This system includes a low-temperature resistant temperature and humidity sensor network and a central control unit. The temperature and humidity sensor network is installed inside the insulation blanket or extends to the concrete surface beneath it, monitoring parameters such as temperature and humidity in real time and transmitting the data to the central control unit via wireless nodes. The central control unit has built-in temperature control and humidity demand models, generating control signals based on the data from the temperature and humidity sensors to coordinate and adjust the coverage strategy of the insulation blanket and the spray system. For example, when the temperature and humidity sensors detect that the concrete surface temperature is below a set threshold, the central control unit sends a command to increase the number of insulation blanket layers or activate the spray system to spray warm water mist.

[0075] 4. High-efficiency spray moisturizing system: The system includes a constant-temperature insulated water tank, a cold-resistant piping network, and adjustable nozzles 6. The constant-temperature insulated water tank provides water at a temperature ≥5℃, which is delivered to the adjustable nozzles 6 through the cold-resistant piping network to spray warm water mist onto the concrete surface. The central control unit is electrically connected to the spray system to achieve start / stop and zone control. For example, in the early stages of concrete pouring, the central control unit controls the nozzles 6 to spray an appropriate amount of warm water mist based on the moisture requirements of the concrete surface to keep the concrete surface moist.

[0076] 5. Automated roll-laying device 7: The system includes a mobile automated roll-laying vehicle 7, equipped with a roll-up mechanism. The ends of the thermal insulation blanket are detachably and fixedly connected to the roll-up mechanism. The automated roll-laying vehicle 7 moves along a track, integrating the roll-up mechanism and a guide alignment mechanism to ensure that the blanket automatically aligns, overlaps, and unfolds / rolls up. For example, after concrete pouring is completed, the automated roll-laying vehicle 7 moves along the track to a designated position and quickly lays the thermal insulation blanket on the concrete surface using the roll-up mechanism; when recycling is required, the automated roll-laying vehicle 7 moves back to the designated position and rolls up the thermal insulation blanket using the roll-up mechanism.

[0077] The system in this embodiment performed excellently in the construction of roller-compacted concrete dams in high-altitude and cold regions. It effectively isolated heat exchange, smoothed temperature fluctuations on the concrete surface, and reduced the risk of cracks caused by thermal stress. Simultaneously, the inner moisture-retaining layer 4 continuously releases water vapor, keeping the concrete surface moist and preventing shrinkage cracks. The intelligent environmental sensing and control system monitors and adjusts the curing environment in real time, ensuring the accuracy and efficiency of the curing process.

[0078] Example 4 In another preferred embodiment, based on embodiments 1 to 3, this embodiment provides a comprehensive thermal insulation and moisture retention method for roller-compacted concrete dams in high-altitude and cold regions. Based on the comprehensive thermal insulation and moisture retention system for roller-compacted concrete dams in high-altitude and cold regions described in embodiment 3, the specific method steps are as follows: Step 1, Preparation Stage: Based on the size and shape of the dam construction area, a composite intelligent thermal insulation and moisture-retaining blanket was customized to ensure that the blanket size matches the construction area.

[0079] Install an intelligent environmental sensing and control system, including a network of low-temperature and humidity sensors and a central control unit, and debug it to normal working condition.

[0080] Prepare an efficient spray humidification system, including a constant temperature insulated water tank, a cold-resistant pipe network, and adjustable nozzles, and ensure that the water temperature in the tank is ≥5℃.

[0081] Prepare the automated roll-laying device 7, including the movable automated roll-laying vehicle 7 and the roll mechanism, and debug it to normal working condition.

[0082] Step 2, Laying Stage: The automated roll-laying device 7 is used to quickly lay the composite intelligent thermal insulation blanket on the surface of the compacted concrete, ensuring that the blanket is flat and wrinkle-free.

[0083] The low-temperature resistant temperature and humidity sensor network is installed inside the insulation blanket or extended to the concrete surface under the blanket to monitor parameters such as temperature and humidity in real time.

[0084] Step 3, Maintenance Stage: The intelligent environmental sensing and control system generates control signals based on data from temperature and humidity sensor 5, and coordinates the covering strategy of the heat-insulating and moisturizing blanket and the spray system.

[0085] When the temperature and humidity sensor 5 detects that the concrete surface temperature is lower than the set threshold, the central control unit sends a command to increase the number of insulation blanket layers or start the spray system to spray warm water mist.

[0086] The high-efficiency spray moisturizing system sprays an appropriate amount of warm water mist onto the concrete surface through nozzle 6 according to the instructions of the central control unit, keeping the concrete surface moist.

[0087] Step 4, Recycling Phase: When the concrete reaches its design strength or the curing period is over, the composite intelligent thermal insulation blanket is quickly retrieved using an automated roll-up device 7. The retrieved thermal insulation blanket is then cleaned, inspected, and repaired for future use.

[0088] The method of this embodiment has achieved remarkable results in the construction of roller-compacted concrete dams in high-altitude and cold regions. Through intelligent environmental perception and control, it has achieved precise control of the concrete curing environment; through an efficient spray moisturizing system, it has maintained the moisture state of the concrete surface; and through an automated paving machine, it has improved construction efficiency and reduced labor costs.

[0089] In the preferred embodiment, the outer protective layer 1 is made of high-strength polyester / PVC coated fabric; the main insulation layer 2 is composed of closed-cell foam and high-reflectivity metal foil, with a thickness of 4~6cm; the phase change temperature regulating layer 3 is embedded with PCM material with a phase change temperature of 5℃~15℃; the inner moisturizing layer 4 is made of highly absorbent slow-release fiber material, and the inner moisturizing layer 4 is provided with water injection holes; the above settings can realize multiple protections and intelligent temperature control of the equipment: the outer protective layer 1 is tear-resistant and aging-resistant, the main insulation layer 2 has a heat insulation efficiency of over 90%, the phase change layer 3 automatically absorbs and releases heat according to the ambient temperature, and the inner moisturizing layer 4 regulates humidity through water injection holes, thus extending the overall service life of the equipment by more than 30%.

[0090] In a preferred embodiment, the moisture permeability of the inner moisturizing layer 4 can be dynamically adjusted. When the sensor network 5 detects that the humidity is below a set threshold, the humidity is increased by increasing the opening of the microporous membrane or by replenishing water through the water injection holes. The data transmission link between the inner moisturizing layer 4 and the sensor network 5 is linked. This configuration allows for real-time sensing and precise control of changes in ambient humidity, ensuring that the inner moisturizing layer 4 always maintains a suitable humidity level. This dynamic adjustment mechanism not only improves the moisturizing effect but also enhances the system's adaptability to different environments, providing a stable and reliable humidity guarantee for the internal items.

[0091] In a preferred embodiment, the sensor network 5 includes temperature and humidity sensors, which are installed at intervals of 2-4m along the longitudinal centerline of the composite thermal insulation blanket. The sensor probes extend and are close to the concrete surface under the blanket. The sensor bodies are connected to the central control unit via cables or wireless nodes. The central control unit has a built-in temperature control model and humidity demand model, and controls the adjustable nozzles 6 in conjunction with each other via communication or electrical connection. With the above settings, the temperature and humidity data of the concrete surface can be monitored in real time. The central control unit analyzes the data based on the temperature control model and humidity demand model, and accurately controls the water volume and spraying time of the adjustable nozzles 6 to ensure that the concrete is always in a suitable temperature and humidity environment, thus ensuring construction quality.

[0092] In the preferred embodiment, the adjustable nozzle 6 is a cold-resistant, anti-clogging low-pressure micro-mist nozzle or a high-pressure fine water mist nozzle, connected to a pre-set pipeline on the dam top via branch pipes and arranged in zones, with control valves installed at each zone. A constant-temperature insulated water tank is connected to the pre-set pipeline via a water supply pipe to provide water with a temperature ≥5℃, and the cold-resistant pipeline network has an automatic drainage and anti-freezing function. These features ensure the normal operation of the nozzle 6 and pipeline network in low-temperature environments, preventing clogging or cracking due to freezing. The control valves can precisely regulate the water volume and pressure in each zone to meet the needs of different areas. The constant-temperature insulated water tank and the cold-resistant pipeline network work together to ensure a stable and reliable water supply.

[0093] In the preferred embodiment, the roll-laying vehicle 7 moves along a track or track, integrating a roll mechanism and a guide alignment mechanism. The guide alignment mechanism enables automatic alignment and overlap of the blankets. The overlap width of adjacent blanket edges is ≥15cm, and the overlap area is sealed and fixed using low-temperature resistant sealing tape or pressure strips. The outer perimeter of the blanket is reinforced / anchored with sandbags or ground anchors. These features ensure stable laying of the blankets in complex environments, preventing insulation failure due to displacement or gaps. The roll-laying vehicle 7 is equipped with an intelligent control system that monitors alignment accuracy and sealing status in real time, automatically adjusting the path when encountering obstacles, significantly improving construction efficiency and quality.

[0094] In the preferred embodiment, the composite thermal insulation and moisture-retaining blanket has a width of 1-2m and a length of 10-20m. After the layers are fixedly connected, they form a closed windproof structure. When covering the concrete surface, the blanket achieves overall sealing through overlapping and edge fixing. The above configuration ensures that the blanket fits tightly against the concrete surface, effectively blocking external wind intrusion, and reduces the loss of heat and moisture, providing a stable and suitable curing environment for the concrete, which is conducive to its strength growth and durability improvement.

[0095] In a preferred embodiment, the intelligent environmental sensing and control system further includes an anemometer and a solar radiometer. Both the anemometer and the solar radiometer are communicatively connected to the central control unit. The central control unit integrates temperature, humidity, wind speed, and solar radiation data to generate start / stop commands and zone control parameters for the spray humidification system. This configuration enables precise capture and dynamic analysis of environmental parameters, ensuring that the spray system automatically adjusts the spray volume and coverage area according to real-time weather conditions. This avoids water waste caused by excessive spraying and effectively maintains stable environmental humidity, thereby improving overall control efficiency.

[0096] In the preferred embodiment, before covering in step 1, the concrete surface can be lightly sprayed with water to moisten it, controlling the moisture content to ≤5%, and ensuring that the inner moisturizing layer 4 is pre-saturated with moisture. The above settings can effectively prevent shrinkage cracks in the concrete due to excessive drying, while ensuring that the inner moisturizing layer 4 can continuously provide moisture to the concrete, maintain the humidity environment required for its hydration reaction, improve the strength and durability of the concrete, and ensure that the project quality meets high standards.

[0097] In the preferred embodiment, during the spraying operation in step 3, if the anemometer detects a strong wind, a windbreak can be set or the high-pressure adjustable nozzle 6 can be switched to overcome the wind's influence. The warm water supplied by the constant-temperature insulated water tank is transported to the adjustable nozzle 6 via a cold-resistant pipe network, preventing freezing damage from spraying cold water. These features effectively ensure the stability and safety of the spraying operation in complex environments, ensuring that warm water is accurately sprayed onto the target area. Simultaneously, the cold-resistant pipe network, made of special materials, can adapt to low-temperature environments, reducing heat loss and further lowering the risk of freezing damage, thus improving the overall operational efficiency.

[0098] In summary, this invention proposes a thermal insulation and moisture retention system and method for roller-compacted concrete (RCC) dams in high-altitude and cold regions. This effectively solves key technical challenges faced during the initial construction and operation of RCC dams in these areas, including extreme temperature differences, low-temperature inhibition of hydration, intense ultraviolet radiation, rapid moisture evaporation due to strong winds and dryness, and frequent freeze-thaw cycles. Specifically, existing traditional thermal insulation and moisture retention methods exhibit limitations in high-altitude and cold environments, such as limited thermal insulation effects, poor moisture retention, weak UV resistance, and low construction efficiency. These limitations fail to meet the stringent requirements of continuous and rapid construction of RCC dams and long-term temperature control, crack prevention, and moisture retention maintenance.

[0099] This invention proposes a multi-layered structure design for a composite intelligent thermal insulation and moisture-retaining blanket, integrating an outer protective layer 1, a main insulation layer 2, a phase change temperature-regulating layer 3, and an inner moisture-retaining layer 4, forming a rollable blanket-like structure specifically designed for extreme environments in high-altitude and frigid regions. An intelligent environmental sensing and control system is introduced, using a network of low-temperature resistant temperature and humidity sensors 5 and a central control unit to monitor concrete surface and environmental parameters in real time, and to coordinate and control thermal insulation and moisture-retaining measures, achieving dynamic response and intelligent decision-making. A high-efficiency spray moisturizing system has been developed, combining a constant-temperature insulated water tank, a cold-resistant pipe network, and adjustable nozzles 6, enabling zoned spraying of warm water mist. Intelligent start / stop and zoned control are achieved through the central control unit, solving the problem of low efficiency in traditional manual watering.

[0100] This invention designs a phase change temperature regulating layer 3, embedding PCM material with a phase change temperature of 5℃~15℃, which can dynamically absorb and release heat, significantly suppressing temperature fluctuations on the concrete surface and effectively solving the cracking problem caused by extreme temperature differences. An automated roll-laying device was developed, enabling rapid laying and recycling of the thermal insulation blanket through a mobile automated roll-laying vehicle 7 and a roll mechanism, significantly improving construction efficiency, reducing labor intensity, and meeting the needs of continuous and rapid RCC construction. An integrated operation unit for covering, monitoring, and control was constructed, combining material innovation, structural design, intelligent sensing and decision-making, and efficient execution mechanisms. This systematically solves the problems of poor thermal insulation and moisture retention, easy damage, weak UV resistance, and low efficiency of traditional methods, improving the early strength development speed and long-term durability of RCC dams under extreme environments.

Claims

1. A heat and moisture preservation system for a roller compacted concrete dam in a high altitude and cold region, characterized in that: The composite heat and moisture preservation blanket, the intelligent environment sensing and regulating system, the high-efficiency spraying / misting moisture preservation system and the automatic rolling and paving device are included. The composite heat and moisture preservation blanket is a multi-layer composite rollable blanket structure, which includes an outer protective layer (1), a main heat preservation layer (2), a phase change temperature regulating layer (3) and an inner moisture preservation layer (4) from outside to inside in sequence, and each functional layer is fixed by adhesion or compounding; the intelligent environment sensing and regulating system includes a low-temperature resistant networked sensing device (5) and a central control unit, the low-temperature resistant sensor network (5) is in communication connection with the central control unit; the high-efficiency spraying / misting moisture preservation system includes a constant-temperature heat preservation water tank, a cold-resistant pipe network and an adjustable angle nozzle (6), the water outlet end of the constant-temperature heat preservation water tank is in communication with the water inlet end of the cold-resistant pipe network, the water outlet end of the cold-resistant pipe network is in communication with the adjustable nozzle (6), and the central control unit is in electrical connection or communication connection with the spraying / misting moisture preservation system; the automatic rolling and paving device includes a movable rolling and paving vehicle (7), the rolling and paving vehicle (7) is provided with a rolling shaft mechanism, and the end of the composite heat and moisture preservation blanket is detachably fixedly connected with the rolling shaft mechanism.

2. The high-altitude high-cold region RCC dam heat preservation and moisture retention system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The outer protective layer (1) is made of high-strength polyester / PVC coated fabric; the main heat preservation layer (2) is composed of closed-cell foam and high-reflective metal foil, and the thickness is 4-6 cm; the phase change temperature regulating layer (3) is embedded with PCM material with a phase change temperature of 5-15 ℃; the inner moisture preservation layer (4) is made of superabsorbent slow-release fiber material, and the inner moisture preservation layer (4) is provided with a water injection hole.

3. The high-altitude high-cold region RCC dam heat and moisture preservation system according to claim 2, characterized in that: The moisture permeability of the inner moisture preservation layer (4) can be dynamically adjusted, when the sensor network (5) detects that the humidity is lower than the set threshold, the humidity is increased by increasing the opening degree of the microporous membrane or supplementing water through the water injection hole, and the data transmission link of the inner moisture preservation layer (4) and the sensor network (5) is linked.

4. The high-altitude high-cold region RCC dam heat preservation and moisture retention system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The sensor network (5) includes a temperature and humidity sensor, the temperature and humidity sensor is installed at the longitudinal center line of the composite heat and moisture preservation blanket at intervals of 2-4 m, the sensor probe is extended and close to the concrete surface below the blanket, and the sensor body is in communication connection with the central control unit through a cable or a wireless node; the central control unit is built-in with a temperature control model and a humidity demand model, and the adjustable nozzle (6) is linked and regulated through communication or electrical connection.

5. The high-altitude high-cold region RCC dam heat preservation and moisture retention system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The adjustable nozzle (6) is a cold-resistant anti-blocking low-pressure micro-fog nozzle or a high-pressure fine water mist nozzle, which is communicated with the preset pipeline through a branch pipe and is arranged in zones, and a control valve is arranged at the zone; The constant-temperature heat preservation water tank is communicated with the preset pipeline through a water supply pipe, and is used for providing water with a temperature of ≥5 ℃, and the cold-resistant pipe network has an automatic emptying anti-freezing function.

6. The high-altitude high-cold region RCC dam heat and moisture preservation system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The rolling and paving vehicle (7) moves along a track or a caterpillar track, integrates a rolling shaft mechanism and a guide alignment mechanism, realizes automatic alignment and lapping of the blanket body through the guide alignment mechanism; the edge lapping overlap width of adjacent blanket bodies is ≥15 cm, the lapping area is sealed and fixed by using low-temperature resistant sealing tape or pressing strip, and the outer peripheral edge of the blanket body is pressed and anchored / anchored by sandbags or ground anchors.

7. The high-altitude high-cold region RCC dam heat and moisture preservation system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The width of the composite heat and moisture preservation blanket is 1-2 m, and the length is 10-20 m, each layer is fixedly connected to form a closed windproof structure, and the whole is closed by lapping sealing and edge fixing when covering the concrete surface.

8. The high-altitude high-cold region RCC dam heat and moisture preservation system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The intelligent environment perception and regulation system further comprises a wind speed and direction meter and a solar radiation meter, both of which are in communication connection with the central control unit; the central control unit generates start-stop instructions and partition control parameters of the spray moisturizing system by integrating temperature and humidity, wind speed and solar radiation data.

9. A method for maintaining the temperature and moisture of a roller compacted concrete dam in a high-altitude alpine region, characterized in that, The high-altitude high-cold region roller compacted concrete dam heat and moisture preservation system of any one of claims 1-8 comprises the following steps: Step 1: When the concrete surface is finished and reaches the initial setting state, the end of the composite heat and moisture preservation blanket is detachably fixed to the reel mechanism of the rolling and paving vehicle (7), and the blanket body is automatically aligned and overlapped through the guiding and aligning mechanism of the rolling and paving vehicle (7), or is quickly unfolded and covered on the concrete surface with the aid of manual assistance, so as to ensure that the inner moisture layer (4) is attached to the concrete surface, the adjacent blankets are overlapped by ≥15 cm, the overlapping seam is sealed with low-temperature sealing tape or pressing strip, and the edge is fixed every 1-1.5 m with sandbags or ground anchors; Step 2: After the covering is completed, the intelligent environment perception and regulation system is started, the internal, surface and environmental parameters of the concrete are collected in real time through the low-temperature resistant sensor network (5), the wind speed and direction meter and the solar radiation meter, and are transmitted to the central control unit through a cable or a wireless node; Step 3: Based on the built-in model and real-time data analysis, when it is detected that the concrete surface humidity is lower than the set threshold or the temperature difference is too large, the central control unit automatically adjusts the opening degree of the microporous membrane of the composite intelligent heat and moisture preservation blanket, or starts the high-efficiency spray moisturizing system through an electric connection / communication link to control the partitioned, timed and quantitative spraying of warm water mist through the adjustable spray head (6); Step 4: During the curing period, the blanket integrity, fixing state and humidity are monitored in real time through the data feedback of the sensor network (5) and manual inspection, and the central control unit dynamically adjusts the regulation strategy according to the changes in the environmental parameters; Step 5: After the curing is completed, the composite intelligent heat and moisture preservation blanket is recycled by the reel mechanism of the rolling and paving vehicle (7), the fixed connection between the blanket and the reel mechanism is disassembled, and then the blanket is transported to the next working surface for repeated use.

10. The high-altitude high-cold region RCC dam heat and moisture preservation method according to claim 9, characterized in that: In step 1, the concrete surface can be slightly sprayed with water before covering to control the water content to ≤5% and ensure that the inner moisture layer (4) is pre-saturated with water; in step 3, if the wind speed and direction meter detects a strong wind environment during the spray operation, a windbreak can be set or a high-pressure adjustable spray head (6) can be switched to overcome the influence of wind; the warm water supplied by the constant-temperature heat preservation water tank is delivered to the adjustable spray head (6) through the cold-resistant pipe network to avoid freezing damage caused by spraying cold water.

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