GIS gas pressure and SF6 leakage integrated monitoring device and method

Abstract

The invention discloses a GIS gas pressure and SF6 leakage integrated monitoring device and method, the device comprises a distributed SF6 pressure sensing network and an integrated infrared monitoring background host, and the distributed SF6 pressure sensing network and the integrated infrared monitoring background host are in wireless communication interaction through LoRa; the pressure detection module is formed by star connection of multiple pressure detection modules, is correspondingly provided with a GIS air chamber interface, and acquires pressure to generate a standardized data packet for transmission; the second LoRa module comprises a core processing unit, an infrared thermal imager, a second LoRa module, a man-machine interaction module, a storage module and an early warning unit, the infrared thermal imager, the second LoRa module, the man-machine interaction module, the storage module and the early warning unit are connected, the second LoRa module receives a data packet, the infrared thermal imager scans and generates leakage cold cloud pseudo-color images, the core unit associates data and analyzes and judges the state of the gas chamber, the storage module stores the data, and the early warning unit gives a fault alarm. The method comprises the following steps: installing a pressure module, and starting equipment to establish LoRa communication; module pressure acquisition and digital packaging are transmitted to a host; an image transmission core is generated through infrared scanning; judging a state by core associated data; the man-machine displays data, stores data, and gives an early warning if a fault occurs. According to the device and the method provided by the invention, a collaborative system consisting of a distributed pressure sensing network and an integrated infrared monitoring background host is constructed, so that automatic acquisition and wireless transmission of the pressure of the GIS air chamber and visual and non-contact positioning of an SF6 leakage point are realized; two functions of pressure monitoring and gas leakage detection are deeply integrated on the same platform.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of power equipment state monitoring, and in particular to a GIS gas pressure and SF6 leakage integrated monitoring device and method. BACKGROUND

[0002] Gas insulated switchgear (GIS) is widely used in power systems, and its internal is filled with SF6 gas at rated pressure as insulation and arc-extinguishing medium. The insulation performance of GIS is closely related to the internal gas pressure, so during the factory test, installation and operation and maintenance process, the SF6 gas pressure of each gas chamber must be accurately measured and strictly leak tested. At present, the traditional monitoring and leak testing methods mainly have the following shortcomings:

[0003] Pressure monitoring: mechanical pressure gauges are generally used for manual inspection, visual reading and manual recording of data. This method is inefficient, has the risk of human reading error and recording error, and cannot realize automatic storage and historical tracking of data.

[0004] Gas leakage detection: wrapping method or handheld point-type leak detector is usually used. The wrapping method is extremely time-consuming and cannot accurately locate the leakage point; the handheld point-type leak detector requires the operator to scan the surface of the equipment point by point at close range, which is low in inspection efficiency, difficult to find high-altitude and hidden leakage points, and easy to be disturbed by environmental airflow.

[0005] In summary, the existing technology separates pressure monitoring and leakage detection, and needs two independent devices and processes, which is complicated and low in intelligence, and is difficult to meet the needs of modern power equipment for efficient, accurate and visualized diagnosis.

[0006] Therefore, there is an urgent need in the art for an integrated and intelligent monitoring solution that can combine the two. SUMMARY

[0007] In view of the above-mentioned deficiencies of the prior art, the present application provides a GIS gas pressure and SF6 leakage integrated monitoring device and method, which realizes automatic collection, wireless transmission of GIS gas chamber pressure and visual, non-contact positioning of SF6 leakage points, and deeply integrates pressure monitoring and gas leak detection functions in the same platform.

[0008] To achieve the above-mentioned purposes, the embodiments of the present application adopt the following technical solutions:

[0009] To achieve the above-mentioned purposes, the first aspect of the present application provides a GIS gas pressure and SF6 leakage integrated monitoring device, which comprises:

[0010] The distributed SF6 pressure sensing network and the integrated infrared monitoring background host are connected through LoRa wireless communication to establish data interaction.

[0011] The distributed SF6 pressure sensing network is composed of multiple pressure detection modules connected in a star topology, each pressure detection module is installed on the independent gas chamber pressure interface of the GIS device, used for real-time collection of SF6 gas pressure data, generation of standardized pressure data packets and transmission to the integrated infrared monitoring background host.

[0012] The integrated infrared monitoring background host includes a core processing unit, an infrared thermal imager, a second LoRa wireless communication module, a human-computer interaction module, a data storage module and a warning unit electrically connected to the core processing unit.

[0013] The second LoRa wireless communication module is used to receive the standardized pressure data packet.

[0014] The infrared thermal imager is used to perform infrared scanning on the GIS device to generate a cold cloud pseudo-color image of SF6 leakage.

[0015] The core processing unit is used to associate the standardized pressure data packet with the cold cloud pseudo-color image with time stamp and perform multi-source data fusion analysis to determine the GIS gas chamber state.

[0016] The data storage module is used to store pressure data, infrared images and fusion analysis results.

[0017] The warning unit is used to trigger audible and light alarms according to the fault determination result.

[0018] In some embodiments of the first aspect of the application, the pressure detection module includes a pressure detection unit, a signal acquisition unit and a first LoRa wireless communication module, the pressure detection unit is electrically connected to the signal acquisition unit, and the signal acquisition unit is electrically connected to the first LoRa wireless communication module.

[0019] The pressure detection unit is used to detect the SF6 gas pressure of the GIS gas chamber in real time and output an electrical signal.

[0020] The signal acquisition unit is used to digitize and preprocess the electrical signal to generate a standardized pressure data packet.

[0021] The first LoRa wireless communication module is used to wirelessly transmit the standardized pressure data packet to the second LoRa wireless communication module.

[0022] In some embodiments of the first aspect of the application, the detection range of the pressure sensor in the pressure detection unit is 0-1.6 MPa.

[0023] In some embodiments of the first aspect of the application, the wireless transmission distance between the first LoRa wireless communication module and the second LoRa wireless communication module is not less than 100 meters, so as to adapt to stable data transmission in a complex electromagnetic environment of a GIS test station.

[0024] In some embodiments of the first aspect of the application, the working spectral range of the infrared thermal imager is 8-14 μm, so as to match the absorption characteristics of SF6 gas to a specific infrared band.

[0025] In some embodiments of the first aspect of the application, the thermal sensitivity of the infrared thermal imager is less than 60 mK under the test conditions of a lens aperture f / 1.0 and an ambient temperature of 300 K.

[0026] In some embodiments of the first aspect of the application, the infrared thermal imager is configured with a thermal imaging lens having a focal length of 1.2 mm, so as to realize large-scale scanning coverage of GIS equipment.

[0027] In some embodiments of the first aspect of the application, the standardized pressure data include gas chamber number, time stamp, pressure value and node state information.

[0028] In some embodiments of the first aspect of the application, the integrated infrared monitoring background host further comprises a man-machine interaction module electrically connected to the core processing unit, and the man-machine interaction module is used for real-time display of detection results and reception of user operations.

[0029] The man-machine interaction module supports split-screen display and superimposed display modes, the split-screen display mode displays a gas chamber pressure data list and an infrared real-time image on left and right screens respectively, the superimposed display mode displays a real-time pressure value of a gas chamber in a corresponding infrared image area in a suspended manner, and supports multi-point touch operation and historical data tracing.

[0030] To achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the second aspect of the application provides a GIS gas pressure and SF6 leakage integrated monitoring method, which comprises:

[0031] S1: installing a plurality of pressure detection modules on GIS gas chamber pressure interfaces, starting an integrated infrared monitoring background host and a pressure detection module, and establishing a communication connection through a LoRa wireless network;

[0032] S2: The pressure detection module collects SF6 gas pressure in real time. The signal acquisition unit converts the analog signal into a digital signal and encapsulates it into a standardized pressure data packet, which is then sent to the integrated infrared monitoring backend host through the first LoRa wireless communication module.

[0033] S3: The infrared thermal imager scans the GIS equipment, generates cold cloud pseudo-color images, and transmits the images to the core processing unit;

[0034] S4: The core processing unit associates pressure data with infrared images based on the air chamber location and timestamp, and determines the air chamber status according to preset logic;

[0035] S5: The human-machine interaction module displays the pressure list and infrared image in real time, and the data storage module stores the detection data. If a fault is detected, the early warning unit triggers an audible and visual alarm.

[0036] The step of determining the air chamber state according to preset logic includes:

[0037] If the pressure value is within the rated pressure range and the infrared image shows no cold cloud features, it is considered to be in a normal state.

[0038] If the pressure value is lower than the low-pressure warning threshold but higher than the emergency threshold and there are no cold clouds in the infrared image, it is determined to be an abnormal pressure state.

[0039] If the pressure value is lower than the low-pressure warning threshold and the corresponding air chamber in the infrared image shows cold cloud characteristics, it is determined to be a leakage fault state.

[0040] If the pressure value is below the emergency threshold, it is determined to be an emergency fault state regardless of whether there are cold clouds in the infrared image.

[0041] The advantages of this invention are as follows: First, by integrating distributed pressure monitoring and infrared imaging leak detection into a single system, it eliminates the need for two sets of equipment and two sets of processes, simplifying operation and reducing equipment purchase and maintenance costs. Second, through automatic pressure data collection and recording, human error is eliminated. Simultaneously, infrared imaging technology can quickly scan large areas, transforming invisible leaks into visualized cold images, achieving rapid and accurate location of leak points, far exceeding the efficiency of traditional point-based leak detection. Third, the use of LoRa wireless transmission technology solves the problem of difficult wiring in complex sites such as test stations, providing strong anti-interference capabilities, flexible deployment, and data fusion analysis capabilities, offering comprehensive judgment criteria for maintenance personnel and improving the intelligent level of fault diagnosis. Fourth, the distributed sensor network adopts a modular design, allowing for flexible addition or removal of sensor nodes according to the scale of the GIS being tested, resulting in strong system scalability and a wide range of applications. Attached Figure Description

[0042] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention, the accompanying drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0043] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the integrated GIS gas pressure and SF6 leakage monitoring device of the present invention;

[0044] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the appearance of the pressure detection module described in this invention;

[0045] Figure 3 This is a flowchart illustrating the integrated monitoring method for GIS gas pressure and SF6 leakage based on infrared imaging as described in this invention. Detailed Implementation

[0046] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0047] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the structure of an integrated GIS gas pressure and SF6 leakage monitoring device according to the present invention is shown. Figure 1 It is known that the device includes a distributed SF6 pressure sensing network and an integrated infrared monitoring back-end host, and the two establish data interaction through LoRa wireless communication.

[0048] The distributed SF6 pressure sensing network, serving as the front-end data sensing layer of the overall device, is constructed using a modular and distributed architecture. This network consists of several independent pressure detection modules, connected in a star topology to the integrated infrared monitoring backend host via a LoRa wireless link.

[0049] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the appearance of the pressure detection module. Figure 2 As can be seen, the pressure detection module has a housing 100 and a mounting interface 200, the mounting interface 200 being provided with external threads. In actual deployment, these modules are installed via the mounting interface 200 onto the pressure interfaces of each independent gas chamber (such as the circuit breaker gas chamber, disconnector gas chamber) of the GIS equipment, for real-time acquisition of SF6 gas pressure data of each independent gas chamber of the GIS. The number of pressure detection modules can be flexibly expanded according to the number of GIS gas chambers, and this invention does not impose any special limitations.

[0050] Each pressure detection module is an intelligent unit integrating sensing, data acquisition, and communication functions. Its core components include a pressure detection unit, a signal acquisition unit, and a first LoRa wireless communication module, which will be described separately below.

[0051] As the core sensing component of the distributed sensor network, the pressure detection unit employs a specially designed and calibrated high-precision pressure sensor. This sensor's detection range covers 0~1.6MPa, accurately adapting to the rated pressure operating range of SF6 gas within GIS equipment. It utilizes a piezoresistive sensing element based on MEMS technology. When the SF6 gas pressure within the GIS chamber acts on the sensor's sensitive diaphragm, it causes a change in the resistance of the Wheatstone bridge, thereby generating a standard electrical signal with high linearity that is directly proportional to the pressure.

[0052] Meanwhile, to meet different system integration needs and anti-interference requirements, this unit has flexible interface output capabilities: it can output a pre-conditioned 4-20mA standard analog current signal or a 0-5V voltage signal, or it can integrate signal conditioning circuitry inside the sensor to directly output a standard digital signal converted by a 24-bit ADC. This design ensures high reliability of pressure data from the source of acquisition, effectively resisting noise interference during transmission. Furthermore, the sensor has undergone precise temperature compensation and long-term stability processing, enabling it to maintain a measurement accuracy better than ±0.25%FS across the entire range and within a typical ambient temperature range of -10℃ to +60℃, thus providing accurate, stable, and reliable source pressure data for the entire monitoring system.

[0053] The signal acquisition unit is directly electrically connected to the pressure detection module via a high-precision interface to achieve high-quality digital conversion and standardized preprocessing of the raw pressure electrical signal. This unit integrates a signal conditioning circuit, including a low-noise instrumentation amplifier, an anti-aliasing filter, and a programmable gain amplifier. This circuit enables lossless amplification, filtering, noise reduction, and impedance matching of the weak raw signal output from the pressure sensor, effectively suppressing interference from the complex electromagnetic environment and ensuring the authenticity and integrity of the signal.

[0054] Meanwhile, to meet the system's high-precision synchronous monitoring requirements, this unit incorporates a high-precision multi-channel synchronous acquisition chip. This chip features multiple independent analog-to-digital converters (ADCs) or employs high-speed switching technology, all controlled by a unified clock reference. This allows it to synchronously sample and maintain signals from all connected pressure detection modules at the same timestamp, fundamentally eliminating data time differences caused by time-division multiplexing. This provides a precise data foundation for subsequent analysis of the instantaneous correlation of pressure states in each chamber.

[0055] After synchronous acquisition is completed, the main control chip within the unit drives the ADC to convert the conditioned analog signal into a high-resolution digital signal and executes standardized algorithms such as dimension conversion and temperature compensation. Ultimately, the original physical signal is processed into a standardized digital data packet containing node ID, pressure value, timestamp, and status flags, fully preparing for reliable transmission via the first LoRa wireless communication module. This highly integrated and intelligent design is the core guarantee for the system to achieve accurate and synchronous monitoring of multi-chamber pressure status.

[0056] The first LoRa wireless communication module serves as the core bridge for data transmission between the pressure detection module and the integrated infrared monitoring backend host. Through a stable electrical connection and deep linkage with the signal acquisition unit, it ensures lossless transmission of processed digital pressure data. The core of this module uses an industrial-grade LoRa spread spectrum communication chip. Relying on LoRa's unique linear frequency modulation spread spectrum technology, it disperses pressure data energy across a wide frequency band. Combined with configurable spreading factors and forward error correction coding, it significantly improves anti-interference capabilities. Even in the complex environment of a GIS test station with high-voltage electromagnetic fields, power frequency interference, and superimposed wireless signals from multiple devices, it can effectively resist narrowband interference and multipath fading, avoiding data transmission distortion.

[0057] Meanwhile, in terms of transmission performance, the module operates in the ISM band and is paired with an external LoRa antenna 300 for gain amplification (made by...). Figure 2 As shown, the antenna is vertically mounted on the outer shell 100 of the module, and the signal coverage is more uniform when there is no obstruction. In an open environment, the wireless transmission distance with the second LoRa module of the host is no less than 100 meters. Even in a GIS test station with steel structure factory buildings and dense equipment layout, the transmission distance can still be guaranteed to be no less than 80 meters.

[0058] In addition, to further ensure transmission reliability, the module adopts a custom half-duplex communication protocol. After receiving the data, the host can quickly verify the integrity of the data through the check bit. If a data error or loss is detected, the module will automatically trigger a retransmission mechanism (retransmitting up to 3 times, with an interval of 500ms each time) until the host sends back a reception confirmation frame, completely avoiding the loss of critical pressure data.

[0059] These units and modules work together to ensure real-time and reliable transmission of pressure data from the gas chamber to the back-end main unit. Furthermore, [the following text appears to be incomplete and requires further context: "by..."] Figure 2As shown, the outer casing 100 of the pressure detection module also includes a data display area 400 and a data upload button 500. The data display area 400 is equipped with a high-contrast display screen, which can intuitively present key information such as the SF6 pressure value, unique chamber number, and node battery level of the corresponding GIS gas chamber in real time, facilitating quick verification of the node's working status by on-site maintenance personnel. The data upload button 500 is located below the data display area 400. This physical function button supports manual triggering of emergency pressure data uploads. Pressing it immediately sends a standardized data packet containing the chamber number, acquisition timestamp, and pressure value to the integrated infrared monitoring backend host. The combination of these two features enables visualized monitoring of pressure data and provides an operational entry point for rapid data interaction in case of emergencies, improving the node's usability and emergency response capabilities.

[0060] The integrated infrared monitoring backend host is the central control and data processing core of the integrated detection device of this invention. It is both the data aggregation center of the distributed SF6 pressure sensing network and the core carrier for SF6 leak visualization diagnosis. Through highly integrated design, it integrates pressure data reception and analysis, SF6 leak infrared imaging monitoring, multi-source data fusion analysis, result display and storage, and anomaly early warning functions into one, breaking the limitations of traditional pressure monitoring and leak detection equipment being separate and operating independently. It is adapted to the intelligent needs of scenarios such as GIS equipment factory testing and on-site operation and maintenance, and can greatly simplify the operation process and improve monitoring efficiency and diagnostic accuracy.

[0061] The host uses a unified host casing as its physical carrier. The casing can be made of cold-rolled steel plate with a powder-coated surface, providing a high level of protection. It is suitable for both indoor and outdoor working environments, and its size can be flexibly set according to the usage scenario to facilitate placement on the operating platform next to GIS equipment.

[0062] In this embodiment of the invention, the backend host integrates six key functional modules: a core processing unit, an infrared thermal imager, a second LoRa wireless communication module, a human-computer interaction module, a data storage module, and an early warning unit. The core processing unit is electrically connected to all other modules. The functions and technical details of each module are as follows:

[0063] The core processing unit adopts an industrial-grade microprocessor (such as an ARM Cortex-A9 architecture processor) and is equipped with multi-level high-speed memory. It has multi-core parallel processing capabilities, can stably support multi-module collaboration and complex data calculations, and is adapted to the real-time and reliability requirements of GIS equipment monitoring scenarios.

[0064] This unit acts as the central brain of the system, communicating in real time with the second LoRa module, infrared thermal imager, data storage module, and human-machine interface screen through relevant interfaces. It controls the second LoRa module to receive pressure data, the infrared thermal imager to start and stop scanning, and the storage module to read and write data, ensuring the timing synchronization of each component.

[0065] Meanwhile, the module is equipped with a customized fusion algorithm that accurately correlates pressure data with infrared images based on the location and timestamp of the gas chamber. Through threshold comparison (e.g., pressure below 0.54 MPa) and image feature recognition (e.g., low-temperature cold spots), it automatically determines various states such as normal, abnormal pressure, or leakage fault. Once an anomaly is identified, the module immediately sends a trigger command (audible and visual alarm) to the early warning unit, and simultaneously drives a pop-up window on the human-machine interface to display fault information, forming a rapid closed loop of acquisition-analysis-response.

[0066] In addition, the processing unit adopts industrial-grade hardware design, with an operating temperature range of -40℃ to 85℃, and has anti-electromagnetic interference capabilities, and can withstand the strong electromagnetic field environment of the GIS test station; at the software level, it supports multiple real-time operating systems, is equipped with a lightweight data management protocol, and can efficiently schedule multiple tasks to ensure that the overall system response latency is within the set range (such as no more than 100ms), thus ensuring the smoothness and accuracy of the testing process.

[0067] The infrared thermal imager is a key component in the integrated monitoring system of this invention for realizing the visualization and location of SF6 leaks. It is specifically designed for SF6 gas leak detection in GIS equipment. It can use a high-sensitivity focal plane array sensor and a customized optical system to accurately match the infrared absorption characteristics of SF6 gas. It can transform the invisible SF6 leak into an intuitive and identifiable cold cloud pseudo-color image, providing direct visual evidence for leak location and fault diagnosis.

[0068] The optical system features a 1.2mm short focal length thermal imaging lens with a wide field of view. A single lens can cover GIS equipment with a diameter of up to 5 meters (including easily leaking parts such as flanges, valves, and bushings of circuit breakers and disconnectors), achieving full-area scanning without frequent lens position adjustments. The sensor uses an uncooled microbolometer focal plane array with a working spectral range of 8μm~14μm (this band is the infrared absorption peak range of SF6 gas, which can effectively capture gas clouds generated by minute leaks). It has high resolution and can clearly distinguish leak areas of small diameter, meeting the detection requirements of small-diameter leaks in GIS equipment. Its thermal sensitivity (NETD) is less than 60mK under test conditions of f / 1.0 and 300K (i.e., lens aperture of f / 1.0 and test ambient temperature of 300K), which can capture subtle temperature differences in the leak area and avoid missing small leaks due to insufficient sensitivity.

[0069] In terms of working principle, the infrared thermal imager achieves leakage visualization through three steps: infrared radiation detection, signal conversion, and image generation. First, the lens receives infrared radiation from the GIS equipment and its surrounding environment. In the SF6 leakage area, the gas absorbs infrared radiation, resulting in lower radiation energy in this area compared to non-leakage areas. Subsequently, the focal plane array sensor converts the received infrared radiation energy into an electrical signal. After the built-in signal conditioning circuit filters out power frequency interference (adapting to the strong electromagnetic environment of the GIS test station) and amplifies the weak signal, it is transmitted to the image processor. Finally, the image processor uses a pseudo-color mapping algorithm to convert the electrical signals corresponding to different temperatures into differentiated colors, generating a real-time dynamic cold cloud image to ensure synchronous tracking of the leakage diffusion process.

[0070] The second LoRa wireless communication module is a key component for data interaction between the integrated infrared monitoring backend host and the front-end distributed SF6 pressure sensor network. Strictly adhering to the Semtech official LoRa standard, it ensures communication reliability in complex environments through hardware anti-interference circuitry and software protocol optimization. In terms of frequency band, this module is precisely matched with the first LoRa module of the front-end pressure sensor nodes, receiving standardized pressure data packets (including chamber number, timestamp, pressure value, and node status) sent by the first LoRa modules of each pressure sensor node in the front-end distributed SF6 pressure sensor network. It performs frame structure parsing and data verification on the received data packets, and then transmits the parsed valid pressure data in real time to the core processing unit of the integrated infrared monitoring backend host. This provides accurate and continuous front-end pressure data support for the core processing unit to subsequently perform timestamp correlation and chamber status fusion analysis between pressure data and infrared images.

[0071] Meanwhile, in response to the strong electromagnetic environment of the GIS test station, the module has a built-in hardware anti-crash self-reset circuit and adaptive frequency hopping function, which can dynamically detect the interference status of multiple (e.g., 40) channels in the same frequency band and automatically switch to a low-interference channel. The Chirp spread spectrum technology it adopts has natural resistance to narrowband interference and multipath fading, and can still maintain stable communication even in the strong electromagnetic field generated by high-voltage testing.

[0072] Furthermore, in terms of data transmission and security, the module employs LoRa spread spectrum modulation technology, which distributes data energy across a wide bandwidth using a linear frequency modulation signal. Combined with forward error correction coding and cyclic redundancy check mechanisms, it can automatically detect and correct errors caused by interference during transmission, keeping the packet loss rate below 0.1%. It also supports hardware encryption, using a predefined key to perform end-to-end encryption on stress data packets, preventing data interception or tampering and meeting the security requirements of industrial data transmission.

[0073] The human-machine interface module uses a high-resolution touchscreen (such as a capacitive touchscreen) with a resolution of no less than 1920×1200 and a brightness of no less than 500 cd / ㎡. It can adapt to the strong light environment of the GIS test station or the complex lighting conditions of outdoor operation and maintenance, avoiding blurry screen content due to light interference. The module supports two display modes: split-screen and overlay display, which can be flexibly switched according to operation and maintenance needs. In split-screen mode, the left screen can display a standardized pressure data list of each gas chamber in real time, while the right screen can simultaneously display the real-time video stream or cold cloud pseudo-color image output by the infrared thermal imager, with the leakage area accurately marked with a red box. In overlay mode, the real-time pressure value of a single gas chamber can be displayed floating on the infrared image of the corresponding area, intuitively associating the pressure status with the equipment location.

[0074] Meanwhile, the module's touchscreen supports multi-touch operation with a fast response time (e.g., no more than 0.5 seconds). It supports single-point pressure data for a specific air chamber, allowing for quick retrieval of recent (e.g., 1-hour) pressure change curves and historical infrared images of that chamber, facilitating the tracking of status change trends. It also supports swiping the screen to adjust the zoom level of the infrared image, enabling clear viewing of details of easily leaking parts such as flanges and valves.

[0075] In addition, the module has preset function buttons, such as parameter setting, retest start, alarm reset, and data export. When clicked, the detection parameters (including pressure warning threshold, infrared scanning frequency, and data storage interval) can be configured, the retest command can be issued after fault handling, the abnormal warning can be manually reset, and the pressure data and infrared images can be exported through the data interface. This realizes the integration of visualization of monitoring results and convenient operation of equipment functions, which greatly reduces the operational complexity of maintenance personnel.

[0076] The data storage module can use high-capacity industrial-grade SD cards or industrial-grade solid-state drives (SSDs) as the core storage media to adapt to the complex environmental requirements of GIS equipment factory testing and on-site maintenance. The industrial-grade SD cards can be selected with a capacity of at least 32GB, a read / write speed of at least 100MB / s, and an operating temperature range of -40℃ to 85℃, capable of withstanding vibrations, electromagnetic interference, and outdoor temperature and humidity fluctuations in GIS test stations. The industrial-grade SSDs can be selected with capacities ranging from 64GB to 256GB, a read / write speed of at least 200MB / s, and offer higher storage stability and data access efficiency, suitable for on-site maintenance scenarios requiring long-term continuous storage (e.g., more than 30 days).

[0077] This module is used to automatically store all key data received and processed by the integrated infrared monitoring back-end host, including: standardized pressure data packets transmitted by the distributed SF6 pressure sensing network (including chamber number, acquisition timestamp, SF6 gas pressure value, and sensor node working status signal), SF6 leakage cold cloud pseudo-color images generated by the infrared thermal imager (including scanning timestamp and chamber location marking information), and multi-source data fusion analysis results output by the core processing unit (chamber status judgment conclusion and fault type identifier).

[0078] Meanwhile, the module supports historical data retrieval and filtering by chamber number and time range, and all stored data has an unmodifiable timestamp to ensure data authenticity and traceability.

[0079] In addition, the module has a reserved data export interface (such as USB 3.0), which can quickly transmit the stored pressure data and infrared images to the computer terminal for the preparation of GIS equipment factory test reports, archiving of operation and maintenance fault analysis records or data review, providing reliable data support for subsequent equipment status assessment and maintenance decisions.

[0080] The warning unit integrates a high-volume buzzer, multi-state LED indicator, and control circuit linked with the host core processing unit. It can trigger differentiated audible and visual warnings based on the fault judgment results (pressure abnormality, leakage fault, emergency fault) output by the core processing unit, and also supports manual reset of the warning status and synchronous feedback of fault information.

[0081] The buzzer has a volume of no less than 85dB, which can clearly transmit early warning signals in noisy industrial environments such as GIS test stations and substations. Different fault types correspond to different alarm frequencies: when the pressure is abnormal (the pressure is lower than the warning threshold but there is no leakage), the buzzer sounds intermittently at a frequency of 1 time / second; when there is a leakage fault (the pressure exceeds the limit and cold clouds are detected by infrared), the sounding frequency is increased to 2 times / second; when there is an emergency fault (the pressure is lower than the emergency threshold or there is a risk of gas chamber rupture), the buzzer sounds continuously to ensure that maintenance personnel can quickly identify the urgency of the fault.

[0082] The LED indicator uses high-brightness red LED beads (brightness greater than 500 cd / ㎡) and is synchronized with the buzzer warning frequency: intermittent beeping corresponds to intermittent flashing of the indicator (1 time / second), and continuous beeping corresponds to a constantly lit indicator. At the same time, the number of flashes of the indicator helps to distinguish the fault type (e.g., 3 rapid flashes represent a leakage fault), forming a dual warning of hearing and vision, avoiding the single warning method being ignored in complex environments.

[0083] In addition, the early warning unit is linked with the host's human-machine interface module through the control circuit: when an early warning is triggered, in addition to the audible and visual prompts, a fault information pop-up window (including the faulty gas chamber number, fault type, and suggested handling measures) will pop up on the human-machine interface screen simultaneously; after the maintenance personnel confirm the fault, they can send a command through the alarm reset button on the touch screen. After receiving the signal, the control circuit will stop the audible and visual warning, but retain the fault indicator (such as the abnormal gas chamber in the pressure list being continuously marked in red) until it is automatically cleared after the fault is resolved, ensuring that the early warning process and fault handling are connected in a closed loop.

[0084] In this embodiment of the invention, the core processing unit integrates an intelligent diagnostic algorithm based on multimodal features and temporal analysis to achieve deep state assessment beyond simple threshold judgment. The algorithm first uses a convolutional neural network (CNN) to analyze cold cloud pseudo-color images acquired by an infrared thermal imager in real time, extracting morphological features such as contour gradients and area change rates to effectively distinguish between genuine SF6 leaks and pseudo-cold cloud interference caused by environmental factors. Simultaneously, a long short-term memory network (LSTM) is used to model the temporal pressure data uploaded from the distributed sensor network, learning its fluctuation patterns under normal conditions. This allows for early warning when the pressure value has not yet fallen below the static threshold but the downward trend has significantly deviated from the predicted curve. Finally, the system uses a dynamic weighted fusion model to adaptively adjust the weights of image and pressure data in decision-making based on ambient temperature, equipment load, and the output confidence levels of each submodule. It then outputs a comprehensive diagnostic conclusion including the gas chamber health index and specific fault probabilities, achieving a shift from passive alarm to proactive prediction and effectively improving diagnostic accuracy.

[0085] As described above, the integrated monitoring device of this invention is based on modular expansion and wireless transmission to adapt to the strong electromagnetic interference, multi-chamber layout, and complex outdoor or indoor deployment environments of GIS test stations. Its core functions focus on three points: First, high-precision data acquisition, using industrial-grade pressure sensors to ensure a measurement accuracy of ±0.2%FS within the 0~1.6MPa range, far exceeding traditional mechanical pressure gauges; second, synchronous processing, using a dedicated signal acquisition unit to achieve a timestamp error of no more than 10ms for multi-chamber pressure data, providing a time reference for background infrared image association; and third, flexible adaptation, supporting the addition or removal of sensor nodes according to the number of GIS chambers without modifying the core network logic, meeting the monitoring needs of different equipment specifications.

[0086] In SF6 gas status monitoring scenarios during GIS equipment factory testing or on-site operation and maintenance, the detection process of the integrated detection device of this invention forms a complete closed loop from data acquisition, analysis, display, storage to early warning. Figure 3 A flowchart illustrating an integrated GIS gas pressure and SF6 leakage monitoring method based on this detection device is presented. Figure 3 It can be seen that the method includes the following steps:

[0087] Step S1: System deployment and initialization.

[0088] First, based on the number of air chambers of the GIS device under test, configure the corresponding number of pressure sensor nodes, and reliably install each pressure sensor node on the pressure interface of each air chamber of the GIS.

[0089] Then, turn on the power to the integrated infrared monitoring backend host and all pressure sensor nodes. The system starts up and completes a self-test.

[0090] Finally, the backend host automatically scans and establishes communication connections with all online pressure sensor nodes via the LoRa network, and confirms on the host's human-machine interface that all nodes are in normal status and pressure data reception is stable.

[0091] Step S2: SF6 gas pressure data acquisition and wireless transmission.

[0092] First, the pressure sensor node at the front end starts pressure detection according to the preset sampling rate. The sensor senses the SF6 gas pressure in the corresponding gas chamber of the GIS in real time and outputs analog circuit signals.

[0093] Then, the signal acquisition unit built into the node filters out power frequency interference through a low-pass filter circuit, and then converts the analog signal into a digital quantity through an ADC, which is then converted into the actual pressure value by combining it with a preset calibration formula. Subsequently, key information such as the air chamber address code, acquisition timestamp, pressure value and node status are encapsulated into a standardized data packet (such as JSON format).

[0094] Finally, the first LoRa module of the node sends the data packet to the second LoRa module of the host according to the preset frequency band. If the host does not send back a reception confirmation frame within the preset time, the node automatically retransmits (up to 3 times, with an interval of 500ms each time) to ensure that the data is not lost. After the host receives the data packet, the core processing unit parses it and temporarily stores it in memory, waiting to associate it with the infrared image.

[0095] Step S3: Infrared imaging scan of SF6 leakage in GIS equipment.

[0096] First, the host core processing unit controls the infrared thermal imager to start scanning. The maintenance personnel confirm the scanning range through the host infrared preview interface. The scanning range must completely cover all air chambers of the GIS equipment (including flanges, valves and other easily leaking parts). If there are blind spots, the position of the host or the angle of the thermal imager lens can be finely adjusted to ensure that there are no blind spots in the detection.

[0097] Then, the infrared thermal imager detects the infrared absorption characteristics of SF6 gas in the 8μm~14μm band. When there is an SF6 leak in the GIS equipment, the SF6 gas in the leak area absorbs the ambient infrared radiation, causing the area to appear as a cold cloud pseudo-color image in the thermal imager with a temperature lower than the surrounding environment, thus clearly distinguishing the leak area;

[0098] Finally, the infrared thermal imager transmits the real-time generated cold cloud image (including the scan timestamp) to the host core processing unit through the data interface. The core processing unit performs preliminary correlation with the pressure data received within the same time period according to the scan timestamp to ensure multi-source data matching under the same time dimension.

[0099] Step S4: Multi-source data fusion analysis and fault diagnosis.

[0100] First, the core processing unit accurately correlates pressure data with infrared images based on the dual dimensions of air chamber location and timestamp, forming a single-air chamber pressure-image matching dataset.

[0101] Then, the core processing unit analyzes the matching dataset according to preset logic to determine the status of the GIS air chamber, as follows:

[0102] Normal condition: The pressure value is within the rated pressure range, and the infrared image shows no cold cloud characteristics;

[0103] Pressure abnormality: The pressure value is lower than the low pressure warning threshold but higher than the emergency threshold, and there are no cold clouds in the infrared image. It is determined that the air chamber seal is slowly leaking or the initial air pressure is insufficient.

[0104] Leakage fault status: The pressure value is lower than the low pressure warning threshold, and the corresponding gas chamber area in the infrared image shows cold cloud characteristics, which is judged as a visible SF6 gas leak.

[0105] Emergency Fault Status: If the pressure value is below the emergency threshold, regardless of whether there are cold clouds in the infrared image, it is determined to be a serious leak or gas chamber rupture, which requires immediate action.

[0106] Step S5: Display, store and alert on detection results.

[0107] The host computer's human-machine interface displays the detection results in real time in a split-screen mode. For example, the left screen shows a list of chamber pressures (sorted by address code, with normal pressure values ​​displayed in black, abnormal values ​​highlighted in red, and emergency values ​​flashing), while the right screen displays real-time infrared images (leak points are marked with red boxes, and chamber numbers are displayed overlaid). Simultaneously, it supports touchscreen switching of single chamber details; for instance, clicking on a chamber number displays the pressure curve and historical infrared images for that chamber over a recent period (e.g., 1 hour).

[0108] The core processing unit automatically writes pressure data (including address code, timestamp, and pressure value), infrared images (including scan time and chamber location markings), and fusion analysis results into the data storage module according to preset storage intervals. The data storage module supports cyclic storage (automatically overwriting the oldest data when storage space is full), and the data contains unmodifiable timestamps for easy traceability and test report preparation.

[0109] If an abnormal pressure, leakage, or emergency fault is detected, the main unit's early warning unit will activate immediately. At this time, a buzzer will sound an alarm, the frequency of which will be set according to the different fault types; a red LED indicator will flash synchronously; and a fault warning pop-up will appear on the screen. The alarm will stop only after the maintenance personnel click to confirm the warning.

[0110] Step S6: Closed-loop fault handling and detection process.

[0111] Maintenance personnel, based on the faulty gas chamber number and leak location indicated by the main unit, will bring a portable leak detector to the site for troubleshooting. For example, if the leak is in the flange, the bolts can be tightened or the gasket replaced; if the gas chamber is ruptured, the SF6 gas valve should be immediately shut off, detection stopped, and emergency repairs initiated.

[0112] After the fault is resolved, the maintenance personnel click on the retest on the host operation interface. The system will automatically re-execute steps S2 to S5 to check the pressure recovery of the faulty gas chamber and whether there are still cold clouds in the infrared image. If the pressure rises back to the normal range and there are no leakage characteristics in the infrared image, the host determines that the fault is resolved and the fault indicator on the screen turns green. At the same time, the storage module also records the handling time and retest results.

[0113] After all GIS gas chambers have been inspected, the maintenance personnel press the stop inspection button on the main unit. The system saves the last set of data and automatically generates an inspection report, which includes key information such as inspection duration, total number of gas chambers, number of abnormal gas chambers, and handling results. At this point, the inspection process is complete.

[0114] As can be seen from the detection process of the integrated detection device described above, compared with the traditional separate pressure monitoring host and SF6 leak detection equipment, this integrated back-end host has significant advantages: First, it has a high degree of integration, with a single device replacing two separate devices, reducing equipment procurement costs. Moreover, maintenance personnel only need to operate one host to complete two monitoring tasks, reducing operational complexity and significantly lowering learning and operation costs. Second, it improves both diagnostic accuracy and efficiency. Relying on 8μm~14μm band infrared imaging technology, the leak detection time is shortened from 24~48 hours of the traditional wrapping method to minutes, with a positioning accuracy of no more than 5cm. Combined with data fusion analysis, the fault diagnosis accuracy is 40% higher than manual judgment. Third, it has strong scalability and adaptability. Each functional module adopts a modular design, supporting flexible upgrades according to monitoring needs. At the same time, the IP54 protection and wide temperature operating range design can meet the stable operation of indoor GIS test stations and cope with the complex environment of outdoor field maintenance, making it applicable to a wide range of scenarios.

[0115] The advantages of this invention are as follows: First, by integrating distributed pressure monitoring and infrared imaging leak detection into a single system, it eliminates the need for two sets of equipment and two sets of processes, simplifying operation and reducing equipment purchase and maintenance costs. Second, through automatic pressure data collection and recording, human error is eliminated. Simultaneously, infrared imaging technology can quickly scan large areas, transforming invisible leaks into visualized cold images, achieving rapid and accurate location of leak points, far exceeding the efficiency of traditional point-based leak detection. Third, the use of LoRa wireless transmission technology solves the problem of difficult wiring in complex sites such as test stations, providing strong anti-interference capabilities, flexible deployment, and data fusion analysis capabilities, offering comprehensive judgment criteria for maintenance personnel and improving the intelligent level of fault diagnosis. Fourth, the distributed sensor network adopts a modular design, allowing for flexible addition or removal of sensor nodes according to the scale of the GIS being tested, resulting in strong system scalability and a wide range of applications.

[0116] The above description is merely a specific embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any variations or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the scope of the technology disclosed in the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention. Therefore, the scope of protection of the present invention should be determined by the scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A GIS gas pressure and SF6 leakage integrated monitoring device, characterized in that, The integrated monitoring device includes a distributed SF6 pressure sensing network and an integrated infrared monitoring back-end host. The distributed SF6 pressure sensing network and the integrated infrared monitoring back-end host establish data interaction through LoRa wireless communication. The distributed SF6 pressure sensing network consists of multiple pressure detection modules connected in a star topology. Each pressure detection module is installed on the independent gas chamber pressure interface of the GIS equipment to collect SF6 gas pressure data in real time, generate standardized pressure data packets, and transmit them to the integrated infrared monitoring backend host. The integrated infrared monitoring backend host includes a core processing unit and an infrared thermal imager, a second LoRa wireless communication module, a human-computer interaction module, a data storage module, and an early warning unit electrically connected to the core processing unit; The second LoRa wireless communication module is used to receive the standardized pressure data packet; The infrared thermal imager is used to scan GIS equipment with infrared light and generate a false-color image of cold clouds from SF6 leakage. The core processing unit is used to perform time-stamp association and multi-source data fusion analysis between the standardized pressure data package and the cold cloud pseudo-color image in order to determine the status of the GIS air chamber. The data storage module is used to store pressure data, infrared images, and fusion analysis results; The early warning unit is used to trigger an audible and visual alarm based on the fault determination result.

2. The integrated GIS gas pressure and SF6 leakage monitoring device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The pressure detection module includes a pressure detection unit, a signal acquisition unit, and a first LoRa wireless communication module. The pressure detection unit is electrically connected to the signal acquisition unit, and the signal acquisition unit is electrically connected to the first LoRa wireless communication module. The pressure detection unit is used to detect the SF6 gas pressure in the GIS gas chamber in real time and output an electrical signal. The signal acquisition unit is used to perform digital conversion and preprocessing of the electrical signal to generate standardized pressure data packets; The first LoRa wireless communication module is used to wirelessly transmit the standardized pressure data packet to the second LoRa wireless communication module.

3. The integrated GIS gas pressure and SF6 leakage monitoring device according to claim 2, characterized in that, The pressure sensor in the pressure detection unit has a detection range of 0~1.6MPa.

4. The integrated GIS gas pressure and SF6 leakage monitoring device according to claim 2, characterized in that, The wireless transmission distance between the first LoRa wireless communication module and the second LoRa wireless communication module is no less than 100 meters to adapt to stable data transmission in the complex electromagnetic environment of the GIS test station.

5. The integrated GIS gas pressure and SF6 leakage monitoring device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The infrared thermal imager operates in the spectral range of 8μm to 14μm to match the absorption characteristics of SF6 gas in a specific infrared band.

6. The integrated GIS gas pressure and SF6 leakage monitoring device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The thermal sensitivity of the infrared thermal imager is less than 60 mK under the test conditions of lens aperture f / 1.0 and ambient temperature 300 K.

7. The integrated GIS gas pressure and SF6 leakage monitoring device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The infrared thermal imager is equipped with a thermal imaging lens with a focal length of 1.2mm to achieve wide-area scanning coverage of GIS equipment.

8. The integrated GIS gas pressure and SF6 leakage monitoring device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The standardized pressure data package contains chamber number, timestamp, pressure value, and node status information.

9. The integrated GIS gas pressure and SF6 leakage monitoring device according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that, The integrated infrared monitoring back-end host also includes a human-machine interaction module electrically connected to the core processing unit. The human-machine interaction module is used to display the detection results in real time and receive user operations. The human-computer interaction module supports split-screen display and overlay display modes. In the split-screen display mode, the left and right screens respectively display the air chamber pressure data list and the real-time infrared image. In the overlay display mode, the real-time air chamber pressure value is displayed in a floating position in the corresponding infrared image area, and multi-touch operation and historical data tracing are supported.

10. A method for integrated monitoring of GIS gas pressure and SF6 leakage, characterized in that, The monitoring method includes: S1: Install multiple pressure detection modules on the pressure interfaces of each air chamber of the GIS, start the integrated infrared monitoring backend host and pressure detection modules, and establish a communication connection through the LoRa wireless network; S2: The pressure detection module collects SF6 gas pressure in real time. The signal acquisition unit converts the analog signal into a digital signal and encapsulates it into a standardized pressure data packet, which is then sent to the integrated infrared monitoring backend host through the first LoRa wireless communication module. S3: The infrared thermal imager scans the GIS equipment, generates cold cloud pseudo-color images, and transmits the images to the core processing unit; S4: The core processing unit associates pressure data with infrared images based on the air chamber location and timestamp, and determines the air chamber status according to preset logic; S5: The human-machine interaction module displays the pressure list and infrared image in real time, and the data storage module stores the detection data. If a fault is detected, the early warning unit triggers an audible and visual alarm. The step of determining the air chamber state according to preset logic includes: If the pressure value is within the rated pressure range and the infrared image shows no cold cloud features, it is considered to be in a normal state. If the pressure value is lower than the low-pressure warning threshold but higher than the emergency threshold and there are no cold clouds in the infrared image, it is determined to be an abnormal pressure state. If the pressure value is lower than the low-pressure warning threshold and the corresponding air chamber in the infrared image shows cold cloud characteristics, it is determined to be a leakage fault state. If the pressure value is below the emergency threshold, it will be judged as an emergency fault state regardless of whether there are cold clouds in the infrared image.

Images